Maxtor Computer Drive D540X 4K User Manual

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licences restricting its use, copy-

ing, distributing, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form

by any means without prior written authorization of Maxtor and its licensors, if any.

RESTR ICTED R IGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to

restrictions as set forth in subparagraphs (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software

clause at DFAR S 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19.

THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WAR RANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER

EXPR ESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WAR R ANTIES

OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTIULAR PUR POSE, OR NON-INFR INGE-

MENT.

You can request Maxtor publications from your Maxtor Sales R epresentative or order them directly from

Maxtor.

Publication Number: 81-126201-02

Corporate Headquarters:

510 Cottonwood Drive

Milpitas, California 95035

Tel: 408-432-1700

Fax: 408-432-4510

Research and Developm ent Center:

2190 Miller Drive

Longmont, Colorado 80501

Tel: 303-651-6000

Fax: 303-678-2165

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard disk drives. This manual provides technical information for

OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of Maxtor hard drives. Drive

repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor

Customer Service Center at 800-2MAXTOR or 408-922-2085.

CAUTION: Maxtor hard drives are precision products. Failure to follow these precautions and guidelines out-

lined here may lead to product failure, damage and invalidation of all warranties.

BEFO RE unpacking or handling a drive, take all proper electro-static discharge (ESD) precau-

tions, including personnel and equipment grounding. Stand-alone drives are sensitive to ESD

damage.

BEFORE removing drives from their packing material, allow them to reach room temperature.

During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive.

Once a drive is removed from the Maxtor shipping container, IMMEDIATELY secure the

drive through its mounting holes within a chassis. Otherwise, store the drive on a padded,

grounded, antistatic surface.

NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into

the drive's connector. NEVER connect a live bus to the drive's interface connector.

ELECTRICAL GROUNDING - For proper operation, the drive must be securely fastened to

a device bay that provides a suitable electrical ground to the drive baseplate.

Please do not remove or cover up Maxtor factory-installed drive labels. They contain information required

should the drive ever need repair.

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

1.1 AUDIE N CE ............................................................................................................. 1-1

1.2 MA N U A L O R G A N I ZATI O N ................................................................................ 1-1

1.3 TER MINO L O GY A N D CON V E N TIONS ........................................................... 1-1

1.4 R EFER E N C E S ........................................................................................................ 1-3

2.1 P R ODUCT O V E R V IEW ....................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 KEY FEATUR ES..................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3 R egulatory Compliance Standards ............................................................................. 2-3

2.4 HAR DWA R E R E Q U I R EME N TS ......................................................................... 2-4

3.1 SPA C E R E Q UIR E MENTS..................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 UNPACKING INST R UCT I O N S ........................................................................... 3-2

3.3 HAR DWA R E O P TIONS ....................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.1 Cable Select (C S ) J u mper ................................................................................. 3-5

3.3.2 Drive Select (DS) Jumper ................................................................................. 3-6

3.3.3 Master Jumper configuration ............................................................................. 3-6

3.3.4 Jumper Parking (PK) Po s ition ........................................................................... 3-6

3.3.5 Alternate Capacity (AC) ................................................................................... 3-7

3.4 ATA BUS ADAPTER .............................................................................................. 3-8

3.4.1 40-Pin ATA Bus Connector ............................................................................. 3-8

3.4.2 Adapter Board .................................................................................................. 3-8

3.5 M O UNT I N G THE DR IVE ON PER S O N A L C OMPUTER S.............................. 3-9

3.5.1 O r ientation ....................................................................................................... 3-9

3.5.2 Clearance ....................................................................................................... 3-11

3.5.3 Ventilation ..................................................................................................... 3-11

3.6 C O M B I N A T ION CONN E CTOR (J1)................................................................. 3-11

3.6.1 DC Power (J 1, Section A) .............................................................................. 3-12

3.6.2 External Drive Activity LED .......................................................................... 3-12

3.6.3 ATA Bus Interface Connector (J1, Section C) ................................................ 3-12

3.7 F O R S YS T EMS WITH A MOTHER BOAR D ATA ADAPTER ........................ 3-13

3.8 F O R S YS T EMS WITH AN ATA ADAPTER B O A R D ....................................... 3-13

3.8.1 Adapter Board Installation ............................................................................... 3-13

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Table of Contents

3.9 TECHNIQUES IN DRIVE CONFIGUR ATION ................................................ 3-16

3.9.1 The 528-Megabytes Barrier ............................................................................3 -16

3.9.2 The 8.4-Gigabytes Barrier ...............................................................................3 -16

3.9.3 O p erating system limitations ...........................................................................3 -17

3.10 SYS T EM STA R TUP A N D OPER ATION ........................................................... 3-17

4.1 SPE C IFICATI O N S U MMAR Y............................................................................... 4-1

4.2 F O R M A T TED CAPACITY .................................................................................... 4-4

4.3 DATA TR ANSFER R A T ES.................................................................................... 4-4

4.4 TIMI N G S PECIFICATI O NS................................................................................... 4-5

4.5 P O W E R ................................................................................................................... 4-6

4.5.1 Power Sequencing ............................................................................................4-6

4.5.2 Power R e set Limits ..........................................................................................4-6

4.5.3 Power R e quirements ........................................................................................4-7

4.6 AC O U S T ICS............................................................................................................ 4-8

4.7 MECHANICAL ....................................................................................................... 4-9

4.8 E N V IR O NM E N T A L C ONDITIONS .................................................................... 4-9

4.9 S H OCK A N D V IBR A T ION ................................................................................. 4-10

4.10 HANDLING the DR IVE ....................................................................................... 4-11

4.11 R ELIABILIT Y ........................................................................................................ 4-11

4.12 ELECTR OMAGNETIC S U S C EPTIBILITY......................................................... 4-12

4.13 SPI N D L E IMBALA N CE ........................................................................................ 4-12

4.14 DISK ER R O R S ..................................................................................................... 4-12

5.1 MAXT O R D540X-4K DR IVE MECHANISM....................................................... 5-1

5.1.1 Base Casting Assembly ......................................................................................5-3

5.1.2 DC Motor A s sembly .........................................................................................5-3

5.1.3 Disk Stack Assemblies .......................................................................................5-3

5.1.1 Base Casting Assembly ......................................................................................5-3

5.1.2 DC Motor A s sembly .........................................................................................5-3

5.1.3 Disk Stack Assemblies .......................................................................................5-3

5.1.4 Headstack Assembly ..........................................................................................5-5

5.1.5 R otary Positioner As s e mbly ..............................................................................5-5

5.1.6 Automatic Actuator Lock ..................................................................................5-5

5.1.7 Air Filtration .....................................................................................................5-6

5.2 DR IVE ELECTR O N I CS......................................................................................... 5-6

5.2.1 µProcessor ........................................................................................................5-7

5.2.2 Digital Synchronous Spoke ...............................................................................5-7

5.2.3 Error Correction Code (ECC) Control .............................................................5-7

5.2.4 Formatter ..........................................................................................................5-7

5.2.5 Buffer Controller ..............................................................................................5-8

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Table of Contents

5.2.6 Servo Proces s o r ................................................................................................ 5-8

5.2.7 R ead/ Write Interface ....................................................................................... 5-8

5.2.8 ATA Interface Controller ................................................................................. 5-8

5.2.9 Motor Controller ............................................................................................. 5-8

5.3 R ead/ Write ASIC ..................................................................................................... 5-8

5.3.1 Pre-Compen s a t or ............................................................................................. 5-9

5.3.2 Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) ........................................................................ 5-9

5.3.3 Butterworth Filter ............................................................................................ 5-9

5.3.4 FIR (Finite Impulse R e s p on s e) Filter ................................................................ 5-9

5.3.5 Flash A/ D C onverter ........................................................................................ 5-9

5.3.6 Viterbi Detector ............................................................................................... 5-9

5.3.7 E N DEC ........................................................................................................... 5-9

5.3.8 Servo Proces s o r ................................................................................................ 5-9

5.3.9 Clock Synthesizer ............................................................................................. 5-9

5.3.10 PLL .................................................................................................................. 5-9

5.3.11 Serial Interface ................................................................................................ 5-10

5.3.12 TA Detection and Correction ......................................................................... 5-10

5.3.13 PreAmplifier and Write Driver ....................................................................... 5-10

5.4 FI R MW A R E FEA T UR ES..................................................................................... 5-10

5.4.1 Disk C a ching .................................................................................................. 5-10

5.4.2 Head and Cylinder Skewing ........................................................................... 5-12

5.4.3 Error Detection and Correction ...................................................................... 5-14

6.1 I N TR ODUCTION ................................................................................................. 6-1

6.2 MECHANICAL INTER FAC E ................................................................................ 6-1

6.2.1 Signal Cable and C onnector ............................................................................. 6-1

6.3 ELECTR ICAL INTER FACE .................................................................................. 6-1

6.3.1 ATA Bus Interface ............................................................................................ 6-1

6.4 R EGISTER ADD R E SS DECODING ..................................................................... 6-2

6.5 C O MM A N D I N T E R FA C E ..................................................................................... 6-2

6.5.1 General Feature Set .......................................................................................... 6-2

6.5.2 Multiword DMA .............................................................................................. 6-3

6.5.3 Ultra DMA Feature Set .................................................................................... 6-3

6.5.4 Power Management Feature Set ....................................................................... 6-3

6.5.5 Security Mode Feature Set ................................................................................ 6-4

6.5.6 Self-monitoring, Analy s is, and R eporting (SMA R T) F eature Set ...................... 6-4

6.5.7 Ho s t P rotected Area Feature Set ....................................................................... 6-4

6.5.8 Automatic Acoustic Management Feature Set ................................................... 6-4

6.5.9 IDENTIFY DEVICE Information .................................................................... 6-5

6.5.10 SET FEATUR ES Supported Commands ......................................................... 6-7

6.5.11 Maxtor Specific C ommands .............................................................................. 6-8

6.5.12 SMAR T R EAD ATTR IB U TE THRE S H O L D S .......................................... 6-15

6.5.13 Device Configuration O v erlay Feature Set ...................................................... 6-21

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

vii

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Figure 3-1 Mechanical Dimensions of Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Di s k D rive ................. 3-1

Figure 3-2 Drive Packing Assembly ............................................................................... 3-2

Figure 3-3 Drive Packing Assembly of a Polypropylene 20-Pack Container ................... 3-3

Figure 3-4 Jumper Locations for the Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drive ..................... 3-4

Figure 3-5 Jumper Locations on the Interface Connector ............................................... 3-4

Figure 3-6 AT Connector and Jumper Location ............................................................ 3-7

Figure 3-7 Mounting Dimen s ions for the Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drives ............ 3-9

Figure 3-8 Mounting Screw Clearance for the Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drives .. 3-10

Figure 3-9 J1 DC Power and ATA Bus Combination Connector ................................ 3-11

Figure 3-10 Drive Power Supply and ATA Bus Interface Cables .................................... 3-14

Figure 3-11 Completing the Drive In s t allation ............................................................... 3-15

Figure 5-1 Maxtor D540X-4K AT Hard Disk Drive Exploded View .................................. 5-2

Figure 5-2 Maxtor D540X-4K AT Hard Di s k D rive Block Diagram ............................. 5-6

viii

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

T a ble 3 -1 A T Jumper Options .............................................................................................. 3-5

T a ble 3 -2 J 1 P ower Connector, Section A .......................................................................... 3-12

T a ble 3 -3 L ogical Addressing Format .................................................................................. 3-18

T a ble 4 -1 S pecifications ........................................................................................................ 4-1

T a ble 4 -2 Formatted Capacity............................................................................................... 4-4

T a ble 4 -3 T i ming Specifications............................................................................................ 4-5

T a ble 4 -4 Power R e s e t Limits............................................................................................... 4-6

T a ble 4 -5 T y pical Power and Current Con s umption............................................................. 4-7

T a ble 4 -6 A cou s t ical Characteristics —Sound Power.............................................................. 4-8

T a ble 4 -7 E nvironmental Specifications................................................................................. 4-9

T a ble 4 -8 S hock and Vibration Specifications...................................................................... 4-10

T a ble 4 -9 E rror R a tes ......................................................................................................... 4-12

T a ble 5 -1 C y linder Contents................................................................................................. 5-3

T a ble 5 -1 C y linder Contents................................................................................................. 5-4

T a ble 5 -2 S kew O f fsets ....................................................................................................... 5-13

T a ble 6 -1 Identify Device Parameters.................................................................................... 6-5

T a ble 6 -2 S upported Features................................................................................................ 6-7

T a ble 6 -3 R E AD DEFE C T L IST LE N G TH Command Bytes ............................................. 6-8

T a ble 6 -4 R E AD DEFE C T L IST C ommand Bytes .............................................................. 6-9

T a ble 6 -5 DEFECT LIST DATA F O R M A T ..................................................................... 6-10

T a ble 6 -6 DEFECT ENTR Y DATA FO R M A T ............................................................... 6-10

T a ble 6 -7 A ccessing the R EAD C ON F IGUR ATI O N Comm a nd...................................... 6-11

T a ble 6 -8 A ccessing the SET C ON F IGUR ATI O N Comm a n d .......................................... 6-12

Table 6-9 Accessing the SET CONFIGUR ATION WITHOUT

SAVING TO DISK Command .......................................................................... 6-12

T a ble 6 -1 0 C onfiguration Command Forma t ........................................................................ 6-13

T a ble 6 -1 1 Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure ....................................................... 6-16

T a ble 6 -1 2 Individual Threshold Data Structure ................................................................... 6-17

T a ble 6 -1 3 Device SMA R T D a ta Structure .......................................................................... 6-17

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Table of Contents

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

This chapter gives an overview of the contents of this manual, including the intended

audience, how the manual is organized, terminology and conventions, and references.

The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT Product Manual is intended for

several audiences. These audiences include: the end user, installer, developer,

consumer electronics and personal computer original equipment manufacturer (CE/

PC OEM), and distributor. The manual provides information about installation,

principles of operation, interface command implementation, and maintenance.

The Maxtor D540X-4K family of drives provide a high-quality, low-cost, market

leading 40 GB per disk products to serve the consumer and mainstream commercial

markets, as well as the consumer electronics market.

This manual is organized into the following chapters:

• Chapter 1 – About This Manual

• Chapter 2 – General Description

• Chapter 3 – Installation

• Chapter 4 – Specifications

• Chapter 5 – Basic Principles of Operation

• Chapter 6 – ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

In the Glossary at the back of this manual, you can find definitions for many of the

terms used in this manual. In addition, the following abbreviations are used in this

manual:

• ASIC

application-specific integrated circuit

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT 1-1

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

About This Manual

• ATA

• bpi

advanced technology attachment

bits per inch

• dB

decibels

• dBA

• DPS

• SPS

• ECC

• Kfci

• Hz

decibels, A weighted

Data Protection System

Shock Protection System

error correcting code

thousands of flux changes per inch

hertz

• KB

kilobytes

• LSB

• mA

• MB

least significant bit

milliamperes

megabytes (1 MB = 1,000,000 bytes when referring to disk

transfer rates or storage capacities and 1,048,576 bytes in all

other cases)

• Mb/ s

megabits per second

• MB/ s megabytes per second

• MHz

• ms

• MSB

• mV

• ns

megahertz

milliseconds

most significant bit

millivolts

nanoseconds

tracks per inch

microseconds

volts

• tpi

• µs

• V

The typographical and naming conventions used in this manual are listed below.

Conventions that are unique to a specific table appear in the notes that follow that

table.

Typographical Conventions:

• Nam es of Bits: Bit names are presented in initial capitals. An example

is the Host Software R eset bit.

• Com m ands: Interface commands are listed in all capitals. An example

is WRITE LONG.

• Register Nam es: Registers are given in this manual with initial capitals.

An example is the Alternate Status R egister.

1-2 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

• Param eters: Parameters are given as initial capitals when spelled out,

and are given as all capitals when abbreviated. Examples are Prefetch

Enable (PE), and Cache Enable (CE).

• Hexadecim al Notation: The hexadecimal notation is given in 9-point

subscript form. An example is 30_H.

• Signal Negation: A signal name that is defined as active low is listed

with a minus sign following the signal. An example is R D–.

• Messages: A message that is sent from the drive to the host is listed in

all capitals. An example is ILLEGAL COMMAND.

Naming Conventions:

• Host: In general, the system in which the drive resides is referred to as

the host.

• Com puter Voice: This refers to items you type at the computer

keyboard. These items are listed in 10-point, all capitals, Courier font.

An example is FORMAT C:/S.

For additional information about the ATA interface, refer to the latest revision of the

draft standard on the internet at http:/ / www.t13.org/ using the link under “1410D

AT Attachment - 6 with Packet Interface (ATA/ ATAPI - 6).”

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT 1-3

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

About This Manual

1-4 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

This chapter summarizes the general functions and key features of the Maxtor

D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives, as well as the applicable

standards and regulations.

Maxtor’s D540X-4K hard disk drives are part of a family of high performance, 1-

inch-high hard disk drives manufactured to meet the highest product quality

standards.

These hard disk drives use nonremovable, 3 1/ 2-inch hard disks and are available

with the ATA interface.

The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives feature an

embedded hard disk drive controller, and use ATA commands to optimize system

performance. Because the drive manages media defects and error recovery

internally, these operations are fully transparent to the user.

The innovative design of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives incorporate

leading edge technologies such as UltraATA/ 100, Advanced Cache Management,

Shock Protection System™II (SPS II), and Data Protection System (DPS). These

enhanced technologies enable Maxtor to produce a family of high-performance,

high-reliability drives.

Additionally, the Maxtor D540X-4K family of drives are CE-class drives designed

for the consumer electronics market. Acoustics is one of the most important features

in the CE arena. These hard disk drives are available with very quiet seek codes

resulting in very low acoustical emissions from the drive. This makes the Maxtor

D540X-4K drives an attractive choice for most CE users.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

2-1

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

General Description

The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives include the

following key features:

General

• Formatted storage capacity of 20.4 GB (1 disk, 1 heads), 40.0 GB (1 disks,

2 heads), 60.0 (2 disks, 3 heads) and 80.0 (2 disks, 4 heads)

• Low profile, 1-inch height

• Industry standard 3 1/ 2-inch form factor

• Compliance with ANSI/ NCITS interface standard for AT Attachment,

revision 6 (ATA/ ATAPI-6).

• Windows NT and 9X Certification

Performance

• Average seek time of 12 ms

• Average rotational latency of 5.56 ms

• New Ultra ATA interface with Maxtor-patented UltraATA/ 100

protocol supporting burst data transfer rates of 100 MB/ s.

• Extra quiet seek code available (Maxtor Quiet Drive Technology)

• 2 MB buffer

• Look-ahead DisCache feature with continuous prefetch and

WriteCache write-buffering capabilities

• R ead promotion and Write R eordering features

• AutoTask R egister update, Multi-block AutoR ead, and Multi-block

AutoWrite features in a custom ASIC

• Support of all standard ATA data transfer modes with PIO mode 4 and

multiword DMA mode 2, and Ultra DMA modes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

R eliability

• 800,000 hours mean time between failure (MTBF) in the field

• Automatic retry on read errors

• Error Correcting Code (ECC) with 15 symbols cross checking

correction up to 142 bits in length

• S.M.A.R .T. 4 (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and R eporting Technology)

• Patented Airlock^®automatic shipping lock, magnetic actuator retract,

and dedicated landing zone

• Transparent media defect mapping

2-2 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

General Description

• High performance, in-line defective sector skipping

• R eassignment of defective sectors discovered in the field, without

reformatting

• Shock Protection System II to enhance protection against both operating

and non-operating shock

• Data Protection System to verify drive integrity

Versatility

• Power saving modes

• Downloadable firmware

• Cable select feature

• Ability to daisy-chain two drives on the interface

Windows MS Logo Certification

• Passed Windows Me, Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows NT

Workstation 4.0 Logo testing by Microsoft Windows Hardware Quality

Labs (WHQL)

• Master ID# 43395

Maxtor Corporation’s disk drive products meet all domestic and international

product safety regulatory compliance requirements. Maxtor’s disk drive products

conform to the following specifically marked Product Safety Standards:

• Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard 1950. This certificate is a

category certification pertaining to all 3.5-inch drive models in the

U.S.A. and Canada.

• TUV Rheinland Standard EN60 950. This certificate is a category

certification pertaining to all 3.5-inch drive models.

• CE Mark authorization is granted by TUV R heinland in compliance

with our qualifying under EN 55022:1994 and EN 50082-1:1997.

• C-Tick Mark is an Australian authorization marked noted on Maxtor’s

disk drive products. The mark proves conformity to the regulatory

compliance document AS/ NZS 3548: 1995 and BS EN 55022: 1995.

• Approval from Taiwan BSMI. Number: 3892A638

• Korea EMI certification approved. MIC number: EH011-01-1977

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

2-3

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

General Description

Maxtor’s disk drives are designed as a separate subassembly that conforms to the

FCC R ules for R adiated and Conducted emissions, Part 15 Subpart J; Class B when

installed in a given computer system.

The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives are compatible with computers and other

hosts that support the ATA interface. It connects to the host either by means of a

third-party ATA-compatible adapter board, or by plugging a cable from the drive

directly into a PC motherboard that supplies an ATA interface.

2-4 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

This chapter explains how to unpack, configure, mount, and connect the Maxtor

D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drive prior to operation. It also

explains how to start up and operate the drive.

The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives are shipped without a faceplate. Figure 3-

1 shows the external dimensions of the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0

GB AT drives.

Mechanical Dimensions of Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drive

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-1

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

The maximum limits for physical shock can be exceeded if the

drive is not handled properly. Special care should be

taken not to bump or drop the drive. It is highly recommended

that Maxtor D540X-4K drives are not stacked or placed on any

hard surface after they are unpacked. Such handling could cause

media damage.

1. Open the shipping container and remove the packing assembly that

contains the drive.

2. Remove the drive from the packing assembly.

During shipment and handling, the antistatic electrostatic dis-

charge (ESD) bag prevents electronic component

damage due to electrostatic discharge. To avoid accidental dam-

age to the drive, do not use a sharp instrument to open the ESD

bag and do not touch PCB components. Save the packing mate-

rials for possible future use.

3. When you are ready to install the drive, remove it from the ESD bag.

Figure 3-2 shows the packing assembly for a single Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk

drive. A 20-pack shipping container is available for multiple drive shipments.

Drive Packing Assembly

3-2 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Drive Packing Assembly of a Polypropylene 20-Pack Container

Note: The 20-pack container should be shipped in the same way it was

received from Maxtor. When individual drives are shipped from

the 20-pack container then it should be appropriately packaged

(not supplied with the 20-pack) to prevent damage.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-3

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

The configuration of a Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk

drive depends on the host system in which it is to be installed. This section describes

the hardware options that you must take into account prior to installation. Figure 3-

4 shows the printed circuit board (PCB) assembly, indicating the jumpers that

control some of these options.

Jumper Locations for the Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drive

Jumper Locations on the Interface Connector

3-4 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

The configuration of the following four jumpers controls the drive’s modes of

operation:

• CS – Cable Select

• DS – Drive Select

• PK– Jumper Parking Position (Slave mode)

• AC– Alternate Capacity

The AT PCB has two jumper locations provided to configure the drive in a system.

The default configuration for the drive as shipped from the factory is with a jumper

across the CS location, and open positions in the DS, PK and AC positions.

T a ble 3 -1 defines the operation of the master-slave jumpers and their function

relative to pin 28 on the interface. 1 indicates that the specified jumper is installed;

0 indicates that the jumper is not installed.

AT Jumper Options

Drive is configured as a slave

Gnd

Drive is configured as Master (Device 0) when

attached to the end of a 80 conductor Ultra ATA

cable

Drive is configured as a Master

Open

Drive is configured as a Slave (Device 1) when

attached to the m iddle of a 80 conductor Ultra ATA

cable

Drive is configured as a Master with an attached slave

that does not support DASP

Note: In T a ble 3-1, a 0 indicates that the jumper is removed, a 1 indi-

cates that the jumper is installed, and an X indicates that the

jumper setting does not matter.

When a Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drive and

another ATA hard disk drive are daisy-chained together, they can be configured as

Master or Slave either by the CS or DS jumpers. To configure the drive as a Master

or Slave with the CS feature, the CS jumper is installed (1). The drive's position on

the 80 conductor Ultra ATA data cable then determines whether the drive is a

Master (Device 0) or a Slave (Device 1). If the drive is connected to the end of the

Ultra (cable Select) data cable the drive is a Master. If the drive is connected to the

middle connection it is set as a Slave.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-5

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Once you install the CS jumper, the drive is configured as a Master or Slave by the

state of the Cable Select signal: pin 28 of the ATA bus connector. Please note that

pin 28 is a vendor-specific pin that Maxtor is using for a specific purpose. More than

one function is allocated to CS, according to the ATA CAM specification (see

reference to this specification in Chapter 1). If pin 28 is a 0 (grounded), the drive is

configured as a Master. If it is a 1 (high), the drive is configured as a Slave. In order

to configure two drives in a Master/ Slave relationship using the CS jumper, you

need to use a cable that provides the proper signal level at pin 28 of the ATA bus

connector. This allows two drives to operate in a Master/ Slave relationship

according to the drive cable placement.

The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives are shipped

from the factory as a Master (Device 0 - CS jumper installed). To configure a drive

as a Slave (Device 1- DS scheme), the CS jumper must be removed. In this

configuration, the spare jumper removed from the CS position may be stored on the

PK jumper pins.

You can also daisy-chain two drives on the ATA bus interface by using their Drive

Select (DS) jumpers. To use the DS feature, the CS jumper must not be installed.

To configure a drive as the Master (Device 0), a jumper must be installed on the DS

pins.

Note: The order in which drives are connected in a daisy chain has no

significance.

In combination with the current DS or CS jumper settings, the Slave Present (SP)

jumper can be implemented if necessary as follows:

Note: The CS position doubles as the Slave present on this drive.

• When the drive is configured as a Master (DS jumper installed or CS

jumper installed, and the Cable Select signal is set to (0), adding an

additional jumper (both jumpers DS and CS now installed) will indicate

to the drive that a Slave drive is present. This Master with Slave Present

jumper configuration should be installed on the Master drive only if the

Slave drive does not use the Drive Active/ Slave Present (DASP–) signal

to indicate its presence.

The PK position is used as a holding place for the jumper for a slave drive in systems

that do not support Cable Select. The pins used for the parking position are vendor

unique.

3-6 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

For user capacities below 66,055,248 sectors (32 GB), inserting the AC jumper limits

the Number of Cylinders field to a value of 4,092, as reported in IDENTIFY

DEVICE data word 1. This allows software drivers to determine that the actual

capacity is larger than indicated by the maximum CHS, requiring LBA addressing to

use the full capacity.

For larger user capacities above 66,055,248 sectors (32 GB), inserting the AC jumper

limits the Total Number of User Addressable Sectors field to a value of 66,055,248,

as reported in IDENTIFY DEVICE data words 60 and 61. This protects hosts which

are not able to address beyond this capacity.

A summary of these effects for the Maxtor D540X-4K drives is shown in the

following table:

C=16,383

H=16

C=4,092

H=16

S=63

LBA=39,876,480

C=16,383

H=16

C=16,383

H=16

S=63

LBA=78,198,750

LBA=66,055,248

C=16,383

H=16

C=16,383

H=16

S=63

LBA=117,266,688

LBA=66,055,248

C=16,383

H=16

C=16,383

H=16

S=63

LBA=156,301,488

LBA= 66,055,248

AT Connector and Jumper Location

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-7

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

There are two ways you can configure a system to allow the Maxtor D540X-4K

hard disk drives to communicate over the ATA bus of an IBM or IBM-compatible

PC:

2. Install an IDE-compatible adapter board in the PC, and connect the drive

to the adapter board.

Most PC motherboards have a built-in 40-pin ATA bus connector that is compatible

with the 40-pin ATA interface of the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB

AT hard disk drives. If the motherboard has an ATA connector, simply connect a

40-pin ribbon cable between the drive and the motherboard.

You should also refer to the motherboard instruction manual, and refer to Chapter

6 of this manual to ensure signal compatibility.

If your PC motherboard does not contain a built-in 40-pin ATA bus interface

connector, you must install an ATA bus adapter board and connecting cable to allow

the drive to interface with the motherboard. Maxtor does not supply such an adapter

board, but they are available from several third-party vendors.

Please carefully read the instruction manual that comes with your adapter board, as

well as Chapter 6 of this manual to ensure signal compatibility between the adapter

board and the drive. Also, make sure that the adapter board jumper settings are

appropriate.

3-8 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Drive mounting orientation, clearance, and ventilation requirements are described

in the following subsections.

The mounting holes on the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard

disk drives allow the drive to be mounted in any orientation. Figure 3-6 and Figure

3-7 show the location of the three mounting holes on each side of the drive. The

drive can also be mounted using the four mounting hole locations on the PCB side

of the drive.

Note: It is highly recommended that the drive is hard mounted on to

the chassis of the system being used for general operation, as well

as for test purposes. Failure to hard mount the drive can result in

erroneous errors during testing.

Drives can be mounted in any orientation. Normal position is

with the PCB facing down.

All dimensions are in millimeters. For mounting, # 6-32 UNC screws are

recommended.

Mounting Dimensions for the Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drives

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-9

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Mounting Screw Clearance for the Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drives

The PCB is very close to the mounting holes. Do not exceed

the specified length for the mounting screws. The specified

screw length allows full use of the mounting hole threads,

while avoiding damaging or placing unwanted stress on the

PCB. Figure 3-8 specifies the minimum clearance between

the PCB and the screws in the mounting holes. To avoid

stripping the mounting hole threads, the maximum torque ap-

plied to the screws must not exceed 8 inch-pounds. A maxi-

mum screw length of 0.25 inches may be used.

3-10 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Clearance from the drive to any other surface (except mounting surfaces) must be a

minimum of 1.25 mm (0.05 inches).

The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives operate

without a cooling fan, provided the ambient air temperature does not exceed 131°F

(55°C) at any point along the drive form factor envelope.

J1 is a three-in-one combination connector. The drive’s DC power can be applied

to section A. The ATA bus interface (40-pin) uses section C. The connector is

mounted on the back edge of the printed-circuit board (PCB), as shown in Figure

3-9.

J1 DC Power and ATA Bus Combination Connector

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-11

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

The recommended mating connectors for the +5 VDC and +12 VDC input power

are listed in T a ble 3-2.

J1 Power Connector, Section A

J 1 Section A (4-Pin):

+12 VDC

4-Pin Connector:

AMP P/N 1-480424-0

Loose piece contacts:

AMP P/N VS 60619-4

Strip contacts:

Ground

Return for

+12 VDC

AMP P/N VS 61117-4

Ground

Return for

+5 VDC

Note: Labels indicate the pin numbers on the connector. Pins 2 and 3 of

section A are the +5 and +12 volt returns and are connected together

on the drive.

An external drive activity LED may be connected to the DASP-I/ O pin 39 on J1.

For more details, see the pin description in Table 6-1.

On the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives, the ATA

bus interface cable connector (J1, section C) is a 40-pin Universal Header, as shown

in Figure 3-9.

To prevent the possibility of incorrect installation, the connector has been keyed by

removing Pin 20. This ensures that a connector cannot be installed upside down.

See Chapter 6, “ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands,” for more detailed

information about the required signals. R efer to Table 6-1 for the pin assignments

of the ATA bus connector (J1, section C).

3-12 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

You can install the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk

drives in an AT-compatible system that contains a 40-pin ATA bus connector on

the motherboard.

To connect the drive to the motherboard, use a 40 conductor ribbon cable (80

conductor ribbon cable if using UltraATA/ 66 drive) 18 inches in length or shorter.

Ensure that pin 1 of the drive is connected to pin 1 of the motherboard connector.

To install the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drive in

an AT-compatible system without a 40-pin ATA bus connector on its motherboard,

you need a third-party IDE-compatible adapter board.

Carefully read the manual that accompanies your adapter board before installing it.

Make sure that all the jumpers are set properly and that there are no address or signal

conflicts. You must also investigate to see if your AT-compatible system contains a

combination floppy and hard disk controller board. If it does, you must disable the

hard disk drive controller functions on that controller board before proceeding.

Once you have disabled the hard disk drive controller functions on the floppy/ hard

drive controller, install the adapter board. Again, make sure that you have set all

jumper straps on the adapter board to avoid addressing and signal conflicts.

Note: For Sections 3.7 and 3.8, power should be turned off on the

computer before installing the drive.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-13

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Use a 40-pin ribbon cable to connect the drive to the board. See Figure 3-10. To

connect the drive to the board:

2. Insert the other end of the cable into the header on the drive. When

inserting this end of the cable, make sure that pin 1 of the cable connects to

pin 1 of the drive connector.

3. Secure the drive to the system chassis by using the mounting screws, as

shown in Figure 3-11.

Drive Power Supply and ATA Bus Interface Cables

3-14 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Completing the Drive Installation

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-15

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Older BIOS that only support Int 13 commands for accessing ATA drives through

DOS based operating systems will be limited to use only 1024 cylinders. This will

reduce the effective capacity of the drive to 528 Mbytes.

Whenever possible the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT drive

should be used on systems that support LBA translation to ensure the use of the

entire capacity of the disk drive. If that is not possible the following are some

techniques that can be used to overcome this barrier.

• Use a third party software program that translates the hard drive

parameters to an acceptable configuration for MS-DOS.

• Use a hard disk controller that translates the hard drive parameters to an

appropriate setup for both MS-DOS and the computer system’s R OM-

BIOS.

• Insert the Alternate Capacity jumper on the drive (see Section 3.3.5).

Newer BIOS’s allow users to configure disk drives to go beyond the 528 MB barrier

by using several BIOS translation schemes. However, while using these translations

the BIOS using Int 13 functions are limited to 24 bits of addressing which results in

another barrier at the 8.4 GB capacity.

To overcome this barrier a new set of Int 13 extensions are being implemented by

most BIOS manufacturers. The new Int 13 extensions use a 64-bit address field

resulting in 9.4 terabytes of accessible space.

Whenever possible the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT drive

should be used on systems with BIOS that support Int 13 extensions. If that is not

possible the following are some techniques that can be used to overcome this barrier:

• Use a third party software that supplements the BIOS and adds Int 13

extension support.

• Obtain a BIOS upgrade from the system board manufacturer. Many

system board manufacturers allow their BIOS to be upgraded in the field

using special download utilities. Information on BIOS upgrades can be

obtained on the System Board Customer Service respective web sites on

the Internet.

• Insert the Alternate Capacity jumper on the drive (see Section 3.3.5).

3-16 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

Most popular operating systems available today have additional limitations which

affect the use of large capacity drives. However, these limitations can not be

corrected on the BIOS and it is up to the operating system manufacturers to release

improved versions to address these problems.

The most popular operating systems available today, DOS and Win 95, use a File

Allocation Table (FAT) size of 16 bits which will only support partitions up to 2.1

GB. A newer release of Win 95 called OSR2 with a 32 bit FAT has been released

to system manufacturers only. This new FAT size table will support partitions of up

to 2.2 terabytes. The Windows NT file system (NTFS) does not have this limit.

Once you have installed the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard

disk drive, and adapter board (if required) in the host system, you are ready to

partition and format the drive for operation. To set up the drive correctly, follow

these steps:

2. Run the SETUP program. This is generally on a Diagnostics or Utilities

disk, or within the system’s BIOS. Some system BIOS have an auto-

detecting feature making SETUP unnecessary.

3. Enter the appropriate parameters.

The SETUP program allows you to enter the types of optional hardware installed—

such as the hard disk drive type, the floppy disk drive capacity, and the display

adapter type. The system’s BIOS uses this information to initialize the system when

the power is switched on. For instructions on how to use the SETUP program, refer

to the system manual for your PC.

During the AT system CMOS setup, you must enter the drive type for the Maxtor

D540X-4K hard disk drives. The drive supports the translation of its physical drive

geometry parameters such as cylinders, heads, and sectors per track to a logical

addressing mode. The drive can work with different BIOS drive-type tables of the

various host systems.

You can choose any drive type that does not exceed the capacity of the drive. Table

3-3 gives the logical parameters that provide the maximum capacity on the Maxtor

D540X-4K family of hard disk drives.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

3-17

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Installation

LBA Capacity

CHS Capacity

20,416 MB

40,037 MB

60,040 MB

80,026 MB

8,455 MB*

(Default)

8,455 MB*

(Default)

8,455 MB*

(Default)

8,455 MB*

(Default)

20,416 MB

(Configurable)

40,037 MB

(Configurable)

60,040 MB

(Configurable)

80,026 MB

(Configurable)

LogicalCylinders 16,383*

16,383*

Logical Heads

Logical Sectors/

Track

Total Num ber

Logical Sectors

39,876,480

78,198,750

117,266,688

156,301,488

Note: *Capacity may be restricted to 8.4 GB (or less) due to system

BIOS limitations. Check with your system manufacturer to de-

termine if your BIOS supports LBA Mode for hard drives greater

than 8.4 GB. Default logical cylinders is limited to 16,383 by the

ATA standard.

To match the logical specifications of the drive to the drive type of a particular

BIOS, consult the system’s drive-type table. This table specifies the number of

cylinders, heads, and sectors for a particular drive type.

Boot the system using the operating system installation disk—for example,

MS-DOS—then follow the installation instructions in the operating system

manual.

3-18 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

This chapter gives a detailed description of the physical, electrical, and environmental

characteristics of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives.

T a ble 4 -1 g ives a summary of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives.

Specifications

Capacity

20.41 GB

5388

40.03 GB

5388

60.04 GB

5388

80.02 GB

5388

Nom inal rotational

speed (rpm )¹

Num ber of Disks

Num ber of R/W

heads

Data Organization:

Zones per surface

Tracks per surface

Total tracks

54,982

109,964

54,982

164,946

54,982

219,928

Sectors per track:

Inside zone

486

Outside zone

950

Total User Sectors

Bytes per sector

39,876,480

512

78,198,750

512

117,266,688

512

156,301,488

512

Num ber of tracks

per cylinder

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

4-1

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

1. Disk to read buffer transfer rate is zone-dependent, instantaneous

2. R efer to Section 4.14, “DISK ER R OR S” for details on error rate definitions.

Recording:

Recordingtechnology Multiple

Zone

Multiple

Zone

Multiple Zone Multiple Zone

Maxim um linear den- 535,671 fci

sity

535,671 fci

Encoding m ethod

24/25

NPRML

Interleave

1:1

Track density

56,170 tpi

Maxim um effective

areal density

29.88

Gbits/in

29.88

Gbits/in

29.88

Gbits/in

29.88

Gbits/in

Perform ance:

Seek tim es:

Average Read

12 m s typ.

15 m s m ax.

Track-to-track

Average write

Full stroke

2 m s

typical

2 m s

typical

2 m s

typical

2 m s

typical

15 m s typ.

18 m s m ax.

15 m s typ.

18 m s m ax.

15 m s typ.

18 m s m ax.

15 m s typ.

18 m s m ax.

24 m s typ.

28 m s m ax.

Data transfer Rates:

Disk to Read Once a

Revolution^{2, 3}

175.39 Mb/

sec. m in.

175.39 Mb/

sec. m in.

175.39 Mb/

sec. m in.

175.39 Mb/

sec. m in.

377.84 Mb/

sec. m ax.

377.84 Mb/

sec. m ax.

377.84 Mb/

sec. m ax.

377.84 Mb/

sec. m ax.

Disk to Read

230.77 Mb/

sec. m in.

230.77 Mb/

sec. m in.

230.77 Mb/

sec. m in.

230.77 Mb/

sec. m in.

Instantaneously²

493.59 Mb/

sec. m ax.

493.59 Mb/

sec. m ax.

493.59 Mb/

sec. m ax.

493.59 Mb/

sec. m ax.

Read Buffer to ATA

Bus

(PIO Mode with

IORDY)

16.7 MB/

sec. m axi-

m um

16.7 MB/

sec. m axi-

m um

16.7 MB/sec.

m axim um

16.7 MB/sec.

m axim um

Read Buffer to ATA

Bus

100 MB/sec.

m axim um

100 MB/sec.

m axim um

100 MB/sec.

m axim um

100 MB/sec.

m axim um

(Ultra ATA Mode)

Buffer Size

2 MB

4-2 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

Reliability:

Seek error rate

1 in 10

Unrecoverable error

rate

1 in 10

Error correction

m ethod

360-bit

Reed

360-bit

Reed

360-bit

Reed

360-bit

Reed

(with cross check)

Solom on

Projected MTBF

800,000 hrs

50,000 m in.

800,000 hrs

50,000 m in.

800,000 hrs

50,000 m in.

800,000 hrs

50,000 m in.

Contact Start/Stop

Cycles (Am bient

tem perature)

Auto head-park m ethod

1. Spindle speed is 5388 R PM +/ - 0.1%.

2. Disk to read buffer transfer rate is zone-dependent, instantaneous

3. R efer to Section 4.14, “DISK ER R OR S” for details on error rate definitions.

4. CSS specifications assumes a duty cycle of one power off operation for every one

idle spin down.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

4-3

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

At the factory, the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives

receive a low-level format that creates the actual tracks and sectors on the drive. Table

4-2 shows the capacity resulting from this process. Formatting done at the user level,

for operation with DOS, UNIX, or other operating systems, may result in less capacity

than the physical capacity shown in Table 4-2.

Formatted Capacity

Capacity

20.41 GB

40.03 GB

60.04 GB

80.02 GB

Num ber of 512-

byte sectors avail- 39,876,480

able

78,198,750

117,266,688

156,301,488

Data is transferred from the disk to the read buffer at a rate of up to 283.20 Mb/ s

in bursts. Data is transferred from the read buffer to the ATA bus at a rate of up to

16.7 MB/ s using programmed I/ O with IORDY, or at a rate of up to 66 MB/ s

using Ultra ATA/ 100. For more detailed information on interface timing, refer to

Chapter 6.

4-4 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

T a ble 4 -3 illustrates the timing specifications of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk

drives.

Timing Specifications

Sequential Cylinder Switch Tim e

Sequential Head Switch Tim e

Random Average (Read or Seek)

Random Average (Write)

Full-Stroke Seek

2 m s

12 m s

15 m s

24 m s

3 m s

15 m s

18 m s

28 m s

Average Rotational Latency

Power On to Drive Ready

Standby to Interface Ready

Spindown Tim e, Standby Com -

m and

5.56 m s

7.5 seconds

6 seconds

—

12 seconds

15 seconds

Spindown Tim e, Power loss

12 seconds

30 seconds

1. Nominal conditions are as follows:

•Nominal temperature 77°F (25°C)

•Nominal supply voltages (12.0V, 5.0V)

•No applied shock or vibration

2. Worst case conditions are as follows:

•Worst case temperature extremes 41°F to 131°F (5°C to 55°C)

•Worst case supply voltages (12.0V ±10%, 5.0 V ±5%)

3. Sequential Cylinder Switch Time is the time from the conclusion of the last sector

of a cylinder to the first logical sector on the next cylinder (no more than 6% of

cylinder switches exceed this time).

4. Sequential Head Switch Time is the time from the last sector of a track to the

beginning of the first logical sector of the next track of the same cylinder (no more

than 6% of head switches exceed this time).

5. Power On is the time from when the supply voltages reach operating range to

when the drive is ready to accept any command.

6. Drive R eady is the condition in which the disks are rotating at the rated speed,

and the drive is able to accept and execute commands requiring disk access

without further delay at power or start up. Error recovery routines may extend

the time to as long as 45 seconds for drive ready.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

4-5

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

7. Standby is the condition at which the microprocessor is powered, but not the

HDA. When the host sends the drive a shutdown command, the drive parks the

heads away from the data zone, and spins down to a complete stop.

8. After this time it is safe to move the disk drive

9. Average random seek is defined as the average seek time between random logical

block addresses (LBAs).

The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives operate from

two supply voltages:

• +12V ±10%

• +5V ±5%

The allowable ripple and noise is 250 mV peak-to-peak for the +12 Volt supply and

150 mV peak-to-peak for the +5 Volt supply. The allowable ripple noise for each

voltage is measured at the power supply with the drive not attached to it.

You may apply the power in any order, or open either the power or power return

line with no loss of data or damage to the disk drive. The drive can withstand transient

voltages of +10% to -100% from nominal when powering up or down. However, data

may be lost in the sector being written at the time of power loss. Also if power voltage

dwells in the range around reset (9.2 - 9.7 V at 12 V or 3.4 - 4.0 at 5 V) for several

seconds, the drive may disable itself. These voltages are outside expected operational

limits. However, they will occur during testing. To avoid this event during the testing

of reset limits, increase line voltages in 200 mV increments.

When powering up, the drive remains reset (inactive) until both rising voltage

thresholds reset limits are exceeded. When powering down, the drive becomes reset

when any supply voltage drops below the falling voltage threshold.

Power Reset Limits

+5 V

V = 4.10 V m inim um

75 m V (typical)

= 4.10 V m axim um

+12 V

= 9.30 V m inim um

= 10.45 V m axim um

425 m V (typical)

4-6 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

T a ble 4-5 lists the voltages and typical average corresponding currents for the various

modes of operation of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives.

Typical Power and Current Consumption

Startup

(peak)

1700

200

600

1700

250

570

700

580

590

100

630

700

580

600

110

Idle

Maxim um

Seeking

Standby

Read/Write On

Track

210

250

630

Startup (peak)

Idle

6.0

Maxim um Seeking

Standby

0.9

6.0

0.9

7.0

Read/Write On Track

1. Current is rms except for startup. Startup current is the typical peak current

measured an average (over 1 ms) from power-on till the drive is ready.

2. Power requirements reflect nominal for +12V and +5V power.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

4-7

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

3. Idle mode is in effect when the drive is not reading, writing, seeking, or executing

any commands. A portion of the R / W circuitry is powered down, the motor is

up to speed and the Drive R eady condition exists.

4. Maximum seeking is defined as continuous random seek operations with typical

host command overhead.

5. Standby mode is defined as when the motor is stopped, the actuator is parked, and

all electronics except the interface control are in low power state. Standby occurs

after a programmable time-out after the last host access. Drive ready and seek

complete status exist. The drive leaves standby upon receipt of a command that

requires disk access or upon receiving a spinup command.

6. R ead/ Write On Track is defined as 50% read operations and 50% write

operations on a single physical track.

T a ble 4-6 specifies the acoustical characteristics of the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/

60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drive. The acoustics are measured in an anechoic chamber

with background noise at least <10dBA less than the expected sound pressure Lp(A).

To distinguish between sound power and sound pressure standards, sound power

Lw(A) is specified in Bels. The relationship between bels and dBA for sound power is

1 bel = 10dBA.

Acoustical Characteristics—Sound Power

Idle On Track

20.4/40.0 GB AT (1-Disk)

60.0/80.0 GB GB AT (2-Disk)

2.8 Bels

2.9 Bels

3.4 Bels

3.5 Bels

Seeking Random

20.4/40.0 GB AT (1-Disk)

60.0/80.0 GB AT (2-Disk)

2.9 Bels

3.1 Bels

3.4 Bels

3.6 Bels

4-8 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

Height: 1.0 in.(25.4 mm)

Width: 4.0 in.(101.6 mm)

Depth: 5.75 in.(146.1 mm)

Weight: Maxtor D540X-4K 40.0 GB AT (2-Disk) 1.3 lb

T a ble 4 -7 summarizes the environmental specifications of the Maxtor D540X-4K

hard disk drives.

Environmental Specifications

Tem perature

5° to 55°C

-40° to 65°C

(Non-condensing)

(41° to 131°F)

(-40° to 149°F)

Tem perature Gradient

(Non-condensing)

24°C/hr m axim um

(75.2°F/hr)

48°C/hr m axim um

(118.4°F/hr)

Hum idity (Non-condens- 5% to 85% RH

5% to 95% RH

ing)

37°C (98.6°F)

46°C (114.8°F)

Maxim um Wet Bulb

Tem perature

Hum idity Gradient

Altitude

30% / hour

–200 m to 3,000 m

–200 m to 12, 000 m

(–650 to 10,000 ft.)

(–650 to 40,000 ft.)

Altitude Gradient

1.5 kPa/m in

8 kPa/m in

1. Maximum operating temperature must not exceed the drive at any point along

the drive form factor envelope. Airflow or other means must be used as needed

to meet this requirement.

2. The humidity range shown is applicable for temperatures whose combination

does not result in condensation in violation of the wet bulb specifications.

3. Altitude is relative to sea level.

4. The specified drive uncorrectable error rate will not be exceeded over these

conditions.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

4-9

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives can withstand

levels of shock and vibration applied to any of its three mutually perpendicular axes,

or principal base axis, as specified in Table 4-8. A functioning drive can be subjected

to specified operating levels of shock and vibration. When a drive has been subjected

to specified nonoperating levels of shock and vibration, with power to the drive off,

there will be no loss of user data at power on.

When packed in its 1-pack shipping container, the Maxtor D540X-4K drives can

withstand a drop from 30 inches onto a concrete surface on any of its surfaces, six

edges, or three corners. The 20-pack shipping container can withstand a drop from

30 inches onto a concrete surface on any of its surfaces, six edges, or three corners.

Shock and Vibration Specifications

Translational 1/2 sine wave

2 m s duration

1 m s duration

20 Gs (write)

63 Gs (read)

300 Gs

110 G s

Rotational 2 m s applied at

actuator pivot point

2,000 rad/sec

20,000 rad/sec

Vibration

Random Vibration (G /Hz)

Sine wave (peak to peak)

0.004 (10–500 Hz)

1.0 Gs P-P (5–500 Hz)

0.05 (10–300 Hz)

2 Gs P-P 5–500 Hz

1/2 octave per m inute sweep

1. The specified drive unrecovered error rate will not be exceeded over these

conditions.

4-10 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

Before handling the Maxtor hard disk drive some precautions must to be taken to

ensure that the drive is not damaged. Use both hands while handling the drive and

hold the drive by its edges. Maxtor drives are designed to withstand normal handling,

however, hard drives can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD), dropping the

drive, rough handling, and mishandling. Use of a properly grounded wrist strap to the

earth is strongly recommended. Always keep the drive inside its special antistatic bag

until ready to install.

Note: To avoid causing any damage to the drive do not touch or remove

the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) or any of its components when

handling the drive. Doing so will cause ESD damage to the drive.

Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF):

The projected field MTBF is 800,000

hours. The Maxtor MTBF numbers

represent Bell-Core TR-332 Issue # 6,

December 1997 MTBF predictions and

represent the minimum MTBF that

Maxtor or a customer would expect from

the drive.

Component Life:

5 years

Preventive Maintenance (PM):

Start/ Stop:

Not required

50,000 cycles @ ambient

Note: Drive reliability is closely related to the temperature the drive is ex-

posed to. The operational design environment is 35°C at 71% uti-

lization or 6240 POH/ year.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

4-11

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Specifications

5 Volts/ meter over a range of 10 KHz to 1 GHz.

0.5 g-mm maximum

(This is approximately equivalent to 0.05 g emitted vibrations)

T a ble 4 -9 provides the error rates for the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives.

Error Rates

Retry recovered read errors

Unrecovered data errors

Seek errors

1 event per 10 bits read

1 error per 10 seeks

1. R etry recovered read errors are errors which require retries for data correction.

Errors corrected by ECC on-the-fly are not considered recovered read errors.

R ead on arrival is disabled to meet this specification. Errors corrected by the

thermal asperity correction are not considered recovered read errors.

2. Unrecovered read errors are errors that are not correctable using ECC or retries.

The drive terminates retry reads either when a repeating error pattern occurs, or

after the programmed limit for unsuccessful retries and the application of

quadruple-burst error correction.

3. Seek errors occur when the actuator fails to reach (or remain) over the requested

cylinder and the drive requires the execution of a full recalibration routine to

locate the requested cylinder.

Note: Error rates are for worst case temperature and voltage.

4-12 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

This chapter describes the operation of Maxtor D540X-4K AT hard disk drives’

functional subsystems. It is intended as a guide to the operation of the drive, rather

than a detailed theory of operation.

This section describes the drive mechanism. Section 5.2 describes the drive

electronics. The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives consist of a mechanical assembly

and a PCB as shown in Figure 5-1.

The head/ disk assembly (HDA) contains the mechanical subassemblies of the drive,

which are sealed under a metal cover. The HDA consists of the following

components:

• Automatic actuator lock

• Air filter

The drive is assembled in a Class-100 clean room.

To ensure that the air in the HDA remains free of

contamination, never remove or adjust its cover and seals.

Tampering with the HDA will void your warranty.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

5-1

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

Hard Disk Drive Exploded View

5-2

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

A single-piece, e-coated, aluminum-alloy base casting provides a mounting surface for

the drive mechanism and PCB. The base casting also acts as the flange for the DC

motor assembly. To provide a contamination-free environment for the HDA, a gasket

provides a seal between the base casting, and the metal cover that encloses the drive

mechanism.

Integral with the base casting, the DC motor assembly is a fixed-shaft, brushless DC

spindle motor that drives the counter-clockwise rotation of the disks.

The disk stack assembly in the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives consist of disks

secured by a disk clamp. The aluminum-alloy disks have a sputtered thin-film

magnetic coating.

A carbon overcoat lubricates the disk surface. This prevents head and media wear due

to head contact with the disk surface during head takeoff and landing. Head contact

with the disk surface occurs only in the landing zone outside of the data area, when

the disk is not rotating at full speed. The landing zone is located at the inner diameter

of the disk, beyond the last cylinder of the data area.

Cylinder Contents

35462

3680

4876

5250

560

600

63238

67616

7090

74328

870701

8054

836

85670

898030

90270

92550

400

25413.0519

2690.2138

2860.54

2981.6846

3215.4943

34362.1659

36458.308

38742.6427

430839.8452

41078.5182

43223.6098

44357.0550

4592.1636

47627.8351

481.78

129679.4243

System Data

1. For user data, zone 15 is the innermost zone and zone 1 is the outermost zone.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT 5-3

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

The headstack assembly consists of read/ write heads, head arms, and a coil joined

together by insertion molding to form a rotor subassembly, bearings, and a flex circuit.

R ead/ write heads mounted to spring-steel flexures are swage mounted onto the rotary

positioner assembly arms.

The flex circuit connects the headstack assembly to the PCB through a compression

connector. The flex circuit contains a read preamplifier/ write driver IC.

The rotary positioner, or rotary voice-coil actuator, is a Maxtor-proprietary design

that consists of upper and lower permanent magnet plates, a rotary single-phase coil

molded around the headstack mounting hub, and a bearing shaft. The single bi-polar

magnet consists of two alternating poles and is bonded to the magnet plate. A resilient

crash stop prevents the heads from being driven into the spindle or off the disk surface.

Current from the power amplifier induces a magnetic field in the voice coil.

Fluctuations in the field around the permanent magnet cause the voice coil to move.

The movement of the voice coil positions the heads over the requested cylinder.

To ensure data integrity and prevent damage during shipment, the drive uses a

dedicated landing zone, an actuator magnetic retract, and Maxtor’s patented Airlock .

The Airlock holds the headstack in the landing zone whenever the disks are not

rotating. It consists of an air vane mounted near the perimeter of the disk stack, and a

locking arm that restrains the actuator arm assembly.

When DC power is applied to the motor and the disk stack rotates, the rotation

generates an airflow on the surface of the disk. As the flow of air across the air vane

increases with disk rotation, the locking arm pivots away from the actuator arm,

enabling the headstack to move out of the landing zone. When DC power is

removed from the motor, an electronic return mechanism automatically pulls the

actuator into the landing zone, where the magnetic actuator retract force holds it until

the Airlock closes and latches it in place.

5-4

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

The Maxtor D540X-4K AT hard disk drives are Winchester-type drives. The heads

fly very close to the media surface. Therefore, it is essential that the air circulating

within the drive be kept free of particles. Maxtor assembles the drive in a Class-100

purified air environment, then seals the drive with a metal cover. When the drive is

in use, the rotation of the disks forces the air inside of the drive through an internal

0.3 micron filter. The internal HDA cavity pressure equalizes to the external pressure

change by passing air through a 0.3 micron, carbon impregnated breather filter.

Advanced circuit (Very Large Scale Integration) design and the use of miniature

surface-mounted devices and proprietary VLSI components enable the drive

electronics, including the ATA bus interface, to reside on a single printed circuit board

assembly (PCBA).

Figure 5-2 contains a simplified block diagram of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk

drive electronics.

The only electrical component not on the PCBA is the PreAmplifier and Write

Driver IC. It is on the flex circuit (inside of the sealed HDA). Mounting the

preamplifier as close as possible to the read/ write heads improves the signal-to-noise

ratio. The flex circuit (including the PreAmplifier and Write Driver IC) provides the

electrical connection between the PCB, the rotary positioner assembly, and read/

write heads.

Maxtor D540X-4K AT Hard Disk Drive Block Diagram

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

5-5

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

The integrated µProcessor, Disk Controller, and ATA Interface Electronics have nine

functional modules (described below):

• µProcessor

• Digital Synchronous Spoke (DSS)

• Error Correction Code (ECC) Control

• Formatter

• Buffer Controller

• Servo Controller, including PWM

• Serial Interface

• ATA Interface Controller

• Motor Controller

The µProcessor core provides local processor services to the drive electronics under

program control. The µProcessor manages the resources of the Disk Controller, and

ATA Interface internally. It also manages the R ead/ Write ASIC (Application Specific

Integrated Circuit), and the Spindle/ VCM driver externally.

The DSS decodes servo information written on the drive at the factory to determine

the position of the read/ write head. It interfaces with the read/ write channel, process

timing and position information, and stores it in registers that are read by the servo

firmware.

The Error Correction Code (ECC) Control block utilizes a Reed-Solomon encoder/

decoder circuit that is used for disk read/ write operations. It uses a total of 36

redundancy bytes organized as 32 ECC (Error Correction Code) bytes with four

interleaves, and four cross-check bytes. The ECC uses eight bits per symbol and four

interleaves. This allows quadruple-burst error correction of at least 96, and as many as

128 bits in error.

The Formatter controls the operation of the read and write channel portions of the

ASIC. To initiate a disk operation, the µProcessor loads a command into the ASIC

registers.

The Formatter also directly drives the read and write gates (RG, WG) and Command

Mode Interface of the Read/ Write ASIC and the R / W Preamplifier, as well as passing

write data to the Precompensator circuit in the R ead/ Write ASIC.

5-6

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

The Buffer Controller supports a 1.75 MB buffer. The 16-bit width implementation

provides a 60 MB/ s maximum buffer bandwidth. This increased bandwidth allows the

µProcessor to have direct access to the buffer, eliminating the need for a separate

µProcessor R AM IC.

The Buffer Controller supports both drive and host address rollover and reloading, to

allow for buffer segmentation. Drive and host addresses may be separately loaded for

automated read/ write functions.

The Buffer Controller operates under the direction of the µProcessor.

The Servo Processor in the R ead Write Channel ASIC provides servo data recovery

and burst demodulation to extract the actuator position information. This information

is processed in the controller ASIC/ microprocessor, and a control signal is output to

the VCM in the Power ASIC. This controls the current in the actuator coil which

controls the position of the actuator.

The R ead/ Write interface allows the integrated µprocessor, disk controller to

communicate with the R ead/ Write chip.

The ATA Interface Controller portion of the ASIC provides data handling, bus

control, and transfer management services for the ATA interface. Configuration and

control of the interface is accomplished by the µController across the MAD bus. Data

transfer operations are controlled by the Buffer Controller module.

The Motor Controller controls the spindle and voice coil motor (VCM) mechanism

on the drive.

The R ead/ Write ASIC integrates an Advanced Partial R esponse Maximum

Likelihood (PR ML) processor, a selectable code rate Encoder-Decoder (ENDEC),

and a Servo Processor with data rates up to 270 MHz (259 Mb/ s). Programming is

done through a fast 40 MHz serial interface. The controller and data interface through

an 8-bit wide data interface. The R ead/ Write ASIC is a low power 3.3 Volts, single

supply, with selective power down capabilities.

The Read/ Write ASIC comprises 12 main functional modules (described below):

• Pre-Compensator

• Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA)

• Butterworth Filter

• FIR Filter

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

5-7

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

• Flash A/ D Converter

• Viterbi Detector

• ENDEC

• Servo Processor

• Clock Synthesizer

• PLL

• Serial Interface

• TA Detection and Correction

The pre-compensator introduces pre-compensation to the write data received from

the sequencer module in the DCIIA. The pre-compensated data is then passed to the

R / W Pre-Amplifier and written to the disk. Pre-compensation reduces the write

interference from adjacent write bit.

Digital and analog controlled AGC function with input attenuator for extended range.

Continuous time data filter which can be programmed for each zone rate.

Digitally controlled and programmable filter for partial response signal conditioning.

Provides very high speed digitization of the processed read signal.

Decodes ADC result into binary bit stream.

Provides 16/ 17 or 24/ 25 code conversion to NR Z. Includes preamble and sync mark

generation and detection.

Servo processor with servo data recovery and burst demodulation.

Provides programmable frequencies for each zone data rate.

Provides digital read clock recovery.

5-8

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

High speed interface for digital control of all internal blocks.

Detects thermal asperities’ defective sectors and enables thermal asperity recoveries.

The PreAmplifier and Write Driver provides write driver and read pre-amplifier

functions, and R / W head selection. The write driver receives precompensated write

data from the PreCompensator module in the Read/ Write ASIC. The write driver

then sends this data to the heads in the form of a corresponding alternating current.

The read pre-amplifier amplifies the low-amplitude voltages generated by the R / W

heads, and transmits them to the VGA module in the R ead/ Write ASIC. Head select

is determined by the controller. The preamp also contains internal compensation for

thermal asperity induced amplitude variation.

This section describes the following firmware features:

• Disk caching

• Head and cylinder skewing

• Error detection and correction

• Defect management

The Maxtor D540X-4K AT hard disk drives incorporate DisCache, a 380 K

(minimum) disk cache, to enhance drive performance. This integrated feature is user-

programmable and can significantly improve system throughput. R ead and write

caching can be enabled or disabled by using the Set Configuration command.

The cache buffer for the Maxtor D540X-4K drives features adaptive segmentation for

more efficient use of the buffer’s R AM. With this feature, the buffer space used for

read and write operations is dynamically allocated. The cache can be flexibly divided

into several segments under program control. Each segment contains one cache entry.

A cache entry consists of the requested read data plus its corresponding prefetch data.

Adaptive segmentation allows the drive to make optimum use of the buffer. The

amount of stored data can be increased.

DisCache anticipates host-system requests for data and stores that data for faster access.

When the host requests a particular segment of data, the caching feature uses a prefetch

strategy to “look ahead”, and automatically store the subsequent data from the disk

into high-speed R AM. If the host requests this subsequent data, the R AM is accessed

rather than the disk.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

5-9

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

Since typically 50 percent or more of all disk requests are sequential, there is a high

probability that subsequent data requested will be in the cache. This cached data can

be retrieved in microseconds rather than milliseconds. As a result, DisCache can

provide substantial time savings during at least half of all disk requests. In these

instances, DisCache could save most of the disk transaction time by eliminating the

seek and rotational latency delays that dominate the typical disk transaction. For

example, in a 1K data transfer, these delays make up to 90 percent of the elapsed time.

DisCache works by continuing to fill its cache memory with adjacent data after

transferring data requested by the host. Unlike a noncaching controller, Maxtor’s disk

controller continues a read operation after the requested data has been transferred to

the host system. This read operation terminates after a programmed amount of

subsequent data has been read into the cache segment.

The cache memory consists of a 369 K (approximately) DRAM buffer allocated to

hold the data, which can be directly accessed by the host by means of the READ and

WR ITE commands. The memory functions as a group of segments with rollover

points at the end of cache memory. The unit of data stored is the logical block (that

is, a multiple of the 512 byte sector). Therefore, all accesses to the cache memory must

be in multiples of the sector size. All non-read/ write commands force emptying of the

cache:

When a write command is executed with write caching enabled, the drive stores the

data to be written in a DRAM cache buffer, and immediately sends a GOOD

STATUS message to the host before the data is actually written to the disk. The host

is then free to move on to other tasks, such as preparing data for the next data transfer,

without having to wait for the drive to seek to the appropriate track, or rotate to the

specified sector.

While the host is preparing data for the next transfer, the drive immediately writes the

cached data to the disk, usually completing the operation in less than 20 ms after

issuing GOOD STATUS. With WriteCache, a single-block random write, for

example, requires only about 3 ms of host time. Without WriteCache, the same

operation would occupy the host for about 20 ms.

WriteCache allows data to be transferred in a continuous flow to the drive, rather than

as individual blocks of data separated by disk access delays. This is achieved by taking

advantage of the ability to write blocks of data sequentially on a disk that is formatted

with a 1:1 interleave. This means that as the last byte of data is transferred out of the

write cache and the head passes over the next sector of the disk, the first byte of the

of the next block of data is ready to be transferred, thus there is no interruption or

delay in the data transfer process.

The WriteCache algorithm fills the cache buffer with new data from the host while

simultaneously transferring data to the disk that the host previously stored in the cache.

5-10

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

In a drive without DisCache, there is a delay during sequential reads because of the

rotational latency, even if the disk actuator already is positioned at the desired cylinder.

DisCache eliminates this rotational latency time (7.14 ms on average) when requested

data resides in the cache.

Moreover, the disk must often service requests from multiple processes in a

multitasking or multiuser environment. In these instances, while each process might

request data sequentially, the disk drive must share time among all these processes. In

most disk drives, the heads must move from one location to another. With DisCache,

even if another process interrupts, the drive continues to access the data sequentially

from its high-speed memory. In handling multiple processes, DisCache achieves its

most impressive performance gains, saving both seek and latency time when desired

data resides in the cache.

The cache can be flexibly divided into several segments under program control. Each

segment contains one cache entry. A cache entry consists of the requested read data

plus its corresponding prefetch data.

The requested read data takes up a certain amount of space in the cache segment.

Hence, the corresponding prefetch data can essentially occupy the rest of the space

within the segment. The other factors determining prefetch size are the maximum and

minimum prefetch. The drive’s prefetch algorithm dynamically controls the actual

prefetch value based on the current demand, with the consideration of overhead to

subsequent commands.

Head and cylinder skewing in the Maxtor D540X-4K AT hard disk drives minimize

latency time and thus increases data throughput.

Head skewing reduces the latency time that results when the drive must switch read/

write heads to access sequential data. A head skew is employed such that the next

logical sector of data to be accessed will be under the read/ write head once the head

switch is made, and the data is ready to be accessed. Thus, when sequential data is on

the same cylinder but on a different disk surface, a head switch is needed but not a

seek. Since the sequential head-switch time is well defined on the Maxtor D540X-4K

drives, the sector addresses can be optimally positioned across track boundaries to

minimize the latency time during a head switch. See T a ble 5-2.

Cylinder skewing is also used to minimize the latency time associated with a single-

cylinder seek. The next logical sector of data that crosses a cylinder boundary is

positioned on the drive such that after a single-cylinder seek is performed, and when

the drive is ready to continue accessing data, the sector to be accessed is positioned

directly under the read/ write head. Therefore, the cylinder skew takes place between

the last sector of data on the last head of a cylinder, and the first sector of data on the

first head of the next cylinder. Since single-cylinder seeks are well defined on the

Maxtor D540X-4K drives, the sector addresses can be optimally positioned across

cylinder boundaries to minimize the latency time associated with a single-cylinder

seek. See Table 5-2.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

5-11

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

In the ID-less environment, the drive’s track and cylinder skewing will be based in

unit of wedges instead of the traditional sectors. The integrated µprocessor, disk

controller and ATA interface contains a “Wedge Skew R egister” to assist in the task

of skewing, where the skew offset must now be calculated with every read/ write

operation. The firmware will program the skew offset into this register every time the

drive goes to a new track. The integrated µprocessor, disk controller and ATA

interface will then add this value to the wedge number in the ID calculator, effectively

relocating the “first” sector of the track away from the index. For example, if without

skew, sector 0 is to be found following wedge 0, then if the skew register is set to 10,

sector 0 will be found following wedge 10.

Since the wedge-to-wedge time is constant over the entire disk, a single set of head

and cylinder skew off-sets will fulfill the requirement for all recording zones.

Skew Offsets

Head Skew

2 ms

1 ms

Cylinder Skew

The switch time is calculated on the basis of the normal wedge-

to-wedge time with the spindle speed variation accounted for.

Wedge offsets are rounded to the closest whole number.

Since the wedge-to-wedge time is constant over the entire disk, a single set of head

and cylinder skew offsets will fulfill the requirement for all recording zones. The

formula used to compute the wedge skew for a given cylinder and head is:

Wedge skew = [C* ((# of heads – 1) * TS + CS) + H * TS] MOD 180

Where:C = Cylinder number

H = Head number

TS = Head Skew Offset

CS Cylinder Skew Offset

(wedges/ track = 200)

5-12

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

As disk drive areal densities increase, obtaining extremely low error rates requires a

new generation of sophisticated error correction codes. Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk

drive series implement 288-bit quadruple-burst R eed-Solomon error correction

techniques to reduce the uncorrectable read block error rate to less than one bit in 1

x 10 bits read.

When errors occur, an automatic retry, a double-burst, and a more rigorous

quadruple-burst correction algorithm enable the correction of any sector with four

bursts of four incorrect bytes each, or up to sixteen multiple random one-byte burst

errors. In addition to these advanced error correction capabilities, the drive uses an

additional cross-checking code and algorithm to double check the main ECC

correction. This greatly reduces the probability of a miscorrection.

When a data error occurs, the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives check to see if the

error is correctable using hardware on-the-fly ECC correction. If the error is

correctable using hardware on-the-fly ECC correction, the error is corrected via

hardware and the data is transferred to the host system. The hardware on-the-fly ECC

correction process is very quick and does not stop the disk transfer.

If the data is not correctable using hardware on-the-fly ECC correction, the sector is

re-read in an attempt to read the data correctly without applying firmware triple, or

quadruple-burst ECC correction. Before invoking the firmware triple, or quadruple-

burst ECC algorithm, the drive will always try to recover from an error by attempting

to re-read the data correctly. This strategy prevents invoking correction on non-

repeatable errors. Each time a sector in error is re-read a set of ECC syndromes is

computed. If all of the ECC syndrome values equal zero, and XC syndrome value

equals to 0 or 0FF, the data was read with no errors, and the sector is transferred to

the host system. If any of the syndrome values do not equal zero, an error has

occurred, the syndrome values are retained, and another re-read is invoked. If the

retry algorithm reaches the last step of the retry table, or the last pass through the retry

table, and the sector still has a data error, then the drive will apply firmware ECC

correction to recover the data.

Non-repeatable errors are usually related to the signal to noise ra-

tio of the system. They are not due to media defects.

If the automatic read reallocation feature is enabled, and the drive used firmware ECC

correction to recover the data, then the drive will perform a media test on the sector

to determine if the error was caused by a grown media defect. The media test consists

of writing and reading the sector four times. If any one of the writes or reads fails, or

if any read requires firmware ECC correction to recover the data, then the sector is

automatically reassigned.

The Maxtor D540X-4K AT drives are shipped from the factory

with the automatic read reallocation feature enabled so that any

new defective sectors can be easily and automatically reallocated

for the average AT end user.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

5-13

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

Basic Principles of Operation

The Maxtor D540X-4K drives use two techniques for replacing defective sectors -

inline replacement and offline replacement.

During manufacturing, if a sector on a cylinder is found to be defective, the address

of the sector is added to the drive's defect list. The defective sector is “skipped,” and

is replaced by the next immediate sector, which maintains a sequential ordering of

logical blocks. This inline sparing technique is employed in an attempt to eliminate

slow data transfer that would result from requiring a seek to another cylinder to access

a replacement sector.

The Maxtor D540X-4K drives are divided into 30 logical zones for purposes of defect

management. Each zone has a pool of 32 spare sectors, which are reserved for offline

replacement.

Defects that occur in the field are known as grown defects. If such a defective sector

is found in the field, the sector is reallocated to a spare sector from the nearest available

pool of spares. The defect list supports a maximum of 500 grown defects.

Sectors are considered to contain grown defects if the quadruple-burst ECC algorithm

must be applied to recover the data. If this algorithm is successful, the corrected data

is stored in the newly allocated sector. If the algorithm is not successful, a pending

defect will be added to the defect list. Any subsequent read to the original logical block

will return an error if the read is not successful. A host command to over-write the

location will result in several write/ read/ verifies of the suspect location. If any of these

operations fail, the new data will be written to a spare sector, and the original location

will be added to the permanent defect list. If all of the operations are successful, data

will be written to the location, and the pending defect will be removed from the list.

5-14

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

This chapter describes the interface between Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0

GB AT hard disk drives and the ATA bus. The commands that are issued from the

host to control the drive are listed, as well as the electrical and mechanical

characteristics of the interface.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives use the standard

ATA/ ATAPI-6 interface. Support of various options in the standard are explained

in the following sections.

The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drive contains a 50-pin unitized connector for

both signal and power connections as well as configuration jumpers. The

dimensions of the unitized connector comply with figure A.12 and table A.15 of

the ATA/ ATAPI-6 standard.

Signals on the ATA interface are assigned to connector pins according to Table A.1

and A.8 of the ATA/ ATAPI-6 standard. The signaling protocol complies with section

9 and signal timing complies with section 10 of the standard.

The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives support all Ultra DMA Data Transfer modes

of ATA/ ATAPI-6. In Mode 5, it can send and receive data at the full 100 MB/ s

transfer rate.

Hosts may assert the RESET- signal for longer than the minimum. When power is

applied with R ESET- asserted, the Maxtor D540X-4K disk media will not begin to

spin up until R ESET- is negated. This may reduce maximum current consumption

for the overall system.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-1

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives allow their host systems to address the full set

of command and control registers as specified in ATA/ ATAPI-6 section 7.

The µProcessor, Disk Controller, and ATA Interface electronics are contained in a

proprietary ASIC developed by Maxtor.

The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives support all the mandatory commands from

the general feature set for non-packet devices. They are:

• EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC

• FLUSH CACHE

• IDENTIFY DEVICE

• INITIALIZE DEVICE PAR AMETER S

• R EAD DMA

• R EAD MULTIPLE

• R EAD SECTOR (S)

• R EAD VER IFY SECTOR (S)

• SEEK

• SET FEATUR ES

• SET MULTIPLE MODE

• WR ITE DMA

• WR ITE MULTIPLE

• WR ITE SECTOR(S)

The drives support the following optional commands from the general feature set for

non-packet devices:

• DOWNLOAD MICR OCODE

• NOP

• R EAD BUFFER

• WR ITE BUFFER

6-2 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

The drives support the Multiword DMA protocol.

The drives support the Ultra DMA feature set for the following commands:

• R EAD DMA

• WR ITE DMA

The drives support the following commands from the optional Power Management

feature set:

• CHECK POWER MODE

• IDLE

• IDLE IMMEDIATE

• SLEEP

• STANDBY

• STANDBY IMMEDIATE

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-3

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

The drives support the following commands from the optional Security Mode feature

set:

• SECURITY SET PASSWOR D

• SECURITY UNLOCK

• SECURITY ER ASE PREPAR E

• SECURITY ER ASE UNIT

• SECURITY FR EEZE LOCK

• SECURITY DISABLE PASSWOR D

The drives support the following commands from the optional SMART feature set:

• SMART DISABLE OPER ATIONS

• SMART ENABLE/ DISABLE AUTOSAVE

• SMART ENABLE OPER ATIONS

• SMART R ETUR N STATUS

• SMART EXECUTE OFF-LINE IMMEDIATE

• SMART R EAD DATA

• SMART R EAD LOG SECTOR

• SMART WR ITE LOG SECTOR

The drives support the following commands from the optional Host Protected Area

feature set including security extensions:

• R EAD NATIVE MAX ADDR ESS

• SET MAX ADDR ESS

• SET MAX SET PASSWOR D

• SET MAX LOCK

• SET MAX FR EEZE LOCK

• SET MAX UNLOCK

The drives support the optional Automatic Acoustic Management feature set which

uses subcommands of the SET FEATUR ES command.

6-4 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

Identify Device Parameters

General configuration bit-significant inform ation:

14-8

0 = ATA device

Retired

Rem ovable m edia device

Not rem ovable controller and/or device

Retired

Response incom plete

Retired

Reserved

045Ah

5-3

Obsolete

3FFFh

0000h

0010h

Specific configuration

Obsolete

4-5

Retired

7E00h-

5332h

Obsolete

003Fh

7-8

Reserved for the Com pactFlash™ Association

0000h-

0000h

Retired

5154h

10-19

20-21

Serial num ber (20 ASCII characters)

Retired

Variable

0003h-

0344h

Obsolete

0004h

23-26

27-46

Firm ware revision (8 ASCII characters)

Model num ber (40 ASCII characters)

Variable

MX 4K020H1

MX 4K040H2

MX 4K060H3

MX 4K080H4

15-8

7-0

80h

8010h

Maxim um sectors per interrupt on MULTIPLE

com m ands

Reserved

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-5

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

Capabilities

15-14 Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE

com m and.

Standby tim er values are supported

Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE

com m and.

0F00h

7-0

IORDY supported

IORDY m ay be disabled

LBA supported

DMA supported.

Retired

Capabilities

13-2

Shall be cleared to zero.

Shall be set to one.

Reserved.

Obsolete

000h

Shall be set to one to indicate a device specific

Standby tim er value m inim um .

51-52

Obsolete

0200h-

0200h

15-3

Reserved

the fields reported in word 88 are valid

the fields reported in words 64-70 are valid

the fields reported in words 54-58 are valid

Obsolete

3FFFh

Obsolete

0010h

Obsolete

0100h

57-58

Current capacity in Sectors

Multiple sector setting

Total num ber of user addressable sectors

Obsolete

Variable

0100h

60-61

Variable

0000h

Multiword DMA m ode

Advanced PIO m odes

0407h

0003h

Minim um Multiword DMA transfer cycle tim e

recom m ended Multiword DMA transfer cycle tim e

Minim um cycle tim e without flow control

Minim um cycle tim e with IORDY flow control

Reserved

0078h

69-70

71-74

Reserved

0000h

Reserved

Maxim um queue depth – 1

Reserved

76-79

Reserved

6-6 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

Major version num ber

Minor version num ber

Com m and set supported

003Eh

0015h

346Bh

5B01h

Com m and set/feature supported extension

Com m and set/feature enabled

Com m and set/feature default

4003h

3468h

1A01h

4003h

003Fh

Variable

0000h

Ultra DMA m ode

Tim e required for security erase unit com pletion

Tim e required for Enhanced security erase

com pletion

Current advanced power m anagem ent value

Master Password Revision Code

Hardware reset result

0000h

FFFEh

Variable

8080h

acoustic m anagem ent value

Reserved

95-99

100-103

Reserved

Maxim um user LBA address for 48-bit Address

feature set

777Fh,

0260h,

0000h,

0000h

104-126

127

Reserved

0000h

Rem ovable Media Status Notification feature set

support

128

Security status

0001h

129-159

160

Vendor specific

CFA power m ode 1

Reserved

0000h

161-175

Reserved for assignm ent by the Com pactFlash™

Association

Reserved

176-254

255

Reserved

15-8

7-0

Integrity word checksum

Integrity word signature

Variable

41A5h

T a ble 6-2 shows the supported subcommands of SET FEATUR ES organized by

feature name. The ID Word column shows if the current default setting can be

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-7

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

determined from the information returned from the IDENTIFY DEVICE command.

Where the entry is none, the default setting must be determined by other analytical

means or by asking a trusted human source. The last column shows the default setting

(enabled or disabled) for each supported feature.

Supported Features

02h

03h

42h

82h

Write cache

88 bit 5

63, 88

02h

03h

42h

Set transfer m ode

C2h

Autom atic Acoustic Managem ent

feature set

86 bit 9,

55h

AAh

66h

Read look-ahead feature

85 bit 6

None

55h

CCh

Reverting to power-on defaults

CCh

The drives support the following Maxtor specific commands:

• R EAD DEFECT LIST

• R EAD CONFIGURATION

• SET CONFIGURATION

The READ DEFECT LIST command enables the host to retrieve the drive’s defect

list. Prior to issuing this command the host should issue the READ DEFECT LIST

LENGTH command. This command will not transfer any data. It instead, stores the

length in sectors of the defect list in the Sector Count register (1F2), and the Sector

Number register (1F3), with the Sector Count register containing the LSB of the 2-

byte value (see T a ble 6-3). The defect list length is a fixed value for each Maxtor

product and can be calculated as follows:

length in sectors = (((maximum number of defects) * 8 + 4) + 511)/ 512

At the completion of the command, the task file registers 1F2 – 1F6 will contain bytes

necessary to execute the R EAD DEFECT LIST command, and the host will only

need to write the extended command code (F0h) to the Command register (1F7) to

proceed with the R EAD DEFECT LIST command execution.

6-8 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

READ DEFECT LIST LENGTH Command Bytes

Sector

Count

Defect List Subcode

Password

Length in Sectors

(LSB)

Sector

Num ber

FFh

3Fh

Length in Sectors

(MSB)

Cylinder

Low

Password

FFh

Cylinder

High

Password

3Fh

Device/

Head

AXh (Drive 0)

BXh (Drive 1)

Drive Select

AXh = Drive 0

BXh = Drive 1

Status Register

—

Com m and F0h

Extended Com m and

Code

R egisters 1F2h through 1F5h must contain the exact values

shown. These values function as a key. The drive issues the

message ILLEGAL COMMAND if the bytes are not entered

correctly.

The READ DEFECT LIST command is an extended AT command that enables the

host to retrieve the drive’s defect list. The host begins by writing to address 1F6h to

select the drive. Then the host writes to addresses 1F2h – 1F5h using values indicated

in T a ble 6-4. When the host subsequently writes the extended command code F0h to

address 1F7h, the drive sets BSY, retrieves the defect list, sets DR Q, and resets BSY.

The host can now read the requested number of sectors (512 bytes) of data. An

INTRQ precedes each sector. Bytes 1F2h and 1F3h contain the 2-byte number of

sectors that the host expects to read, with address 1F2h containing the LSB (see T a ble

6-4). The sector count (1F2h – 1F3h) may vary from product to product and if the

wrong value is supplied for a specific product, the drive responds by setting the ABR T

bit in the Error register. If the host does not know the appropriate sector count for a

specific product, it can issue the R ead Defect List Length command, described in the

previous section to set up the task file for the R ead Defect List command.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-9

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

READ DEFECT LIST Command Bytes

Sector

Count

Variable

FFh

Length in Sectors

(LSB)

Sector

Num ber

Length in Sectors

(MSB)

Cylinder

Low

Password

Cylinder

High

3Fh

Password

Device/

Head

AXh = Drive 0

BXh = Drive 1

Drive Select

—

Com m and F0h

Extended Com m and

Code

R egisters 1F2h and 1F3h must contain the transfer length that is

appropriate for the specific product, and 1F4h and 1F5h must

contain the exact values shown. These values function as a key.

The drive responds by setting the ABRT bit in the Error register

if the bytes are not entered correctly.

Pending defects will be excluded from the list, since no alternate sector is being used

as their replacement, and since they may be removed from the drive’s internal pending

list at a later time. Table 6-5 shows the overall format of the defect list, and T a ble 6-

6 shows the format of the individual defect entries.

6-10 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

DEFECT LIST DATA FORMAT

1Dh

8* (Num ber of Defects)

(MSB)

8* (Num ber of Defects)

(LSB)

4–11

Defect Entry #1

12–19

Defect Entry #2

•

DEFECT ENTRY DATA FORMAT

Defect cylinder (MSB)

Defect cylinder

Defect cylinder (LSB)

Defect head

Defect sector (MSB)

Defect sector

Defect sector (LSB)

Bytes 4 – 7 will be set to FFh for bad track entries.

In addition to the SET FEATUR ES command, the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/

60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives provide two configuration commands:

• The SET CONFIGUR ATION command, which enables the host to

change DisCache and Error R ecovery parameters

• The R EAD CONFIGUR ATION command, which enables the host to

read the current configuration status of the drive

See Chapter 5 for more details about DisCache and setting cache parameters. See

Chapter 5 also for more information about error detection and defect management.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-11

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

The READ CONFIGURATION command displays the configuration of the drive.

Like the SET CONFIGUR ATION command, this command is secured to prevent

accidentally accessing it. To access the R EAD CONFIGUR ATION command, you

must write the pattern shown in T a ble 6-7 to the Command Block R egisters. The first

byte, 01h, is a subcode to the extended command code, F0h.

Accessing the READ CONFIGURATION Command

Sector Count 01h

Sector Num ber FFh

Cylinder Low FFh

Cylinder High 3Fh

Read Configuration Subcode

Password

Device/Head

AXh

(Drive 0)

Drive Select

BXh

(Drive 1)

Drive Select

Com m and

F0h

Extended Com m and Code

In T a ble 6-7:

Only the value in address 1F2h of the Command Block R egisters

is different from the SET CONFIGUR ATION command.

R egisters 1F2h through 1F5h must contain the exact values

shown in T a ble 6-7. These values function as a key. The drive

responds by setting the ABR T bit in the Error register if the key

is not entered correctly.

To select the drive for which the configuration is to be read, set

A 512-byte data field is associated with the R EAD CONFIGUR ATION command.

A 512-byte read sequence sends this data from the drive to the host. The information

in this data field represents the current settings of the configuration parameters. The

format of the READ CONFIGURATION command data field is similar to that for

the data field of the SET CONFIGURATION command, shown in Table 6-8.

However, in the R EAD CONFIGUR ATION command, bytes 0 through 31 of the

data field are not KEY information, as they are in the SET CONFIGUR ATION

command. The drive reads these bytes as Maxtor CONFIGURATION, followed by

eleven spaces. Users can read the configuration into a buffer, then alter the

configuration parameter settings.

6-12 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

The SET CONFIGUR ATION command is secured to prevent accessing it

accidentally. To access the SET CONFIGUR ATION command, you must write the

pattern shown in T a ble 6-8 to the Command Block Registers. The first byte, FFh, is

a subcode to the extended command code F0h.

Accessing the SET CONFIGURATION Command

1F2h

1F3h

1F4h

1F5h

1F6h

FFh

3Fh

Set Configuration Subcode

Password

AXh

(Drive 0)

Drive Select

BXh

(Drive 1)

Drive Select

1F7h

F0h

Extended Com m and Code

R egisters 1F2h through 1F5h must contain the exact values

shown above. These values function as a key. The drive responds

by setting the ABR T bit in the Error register if the key is not

entered correctly.

To select the drive being reconfigured, register 1F6h should be

set. For execution of the command to begin, load register 1F7h

with F0h.

The SET CONFIGUR ATION WITHOUT SAVING TO DISK command is

secured to prevent accidentally accessing it. To access this command, you must write

the pattern shown in T a ble 6-9 to the Command Block R egisters. The first byte, FEh,

is a subcode to the extended command code F0h.

Accessing the SET CONFIGURATION WITHOUT SAVING TO DISK Command

1F2h

1F3h

1F4h

1F5h

1F6h

FEh

FFh

3Fh

Set Configuration Subcode

Password

AXh

(Drive 0)

Drive Select

BXh

Drive 1)

Drive Select

1F7h

F0h

Extended Com m and Code

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-13

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

In T a ble 6-9:

R egisters 1F2h through 1F5h must contain the exact values

shown above. These values function as a key. The drive responds

by setting the ABR T bit in the Error register if the key is not

entered correctly.

To select the drive being reconfigured, set register 1F6h. For

execution of the command to begin, load register 1F7h with F0h.

A 512-byte data field is associated with this command. This data field is sent to the

drive through a normal 512-byte write handshake. T a ble 6-10 shows the format of the

data field. Bytes 0 through 31 of the data field contain additional KEY information.

The drive responds by setting the ABR T bit in the Error register if this information is

not entered correctly. Bytes 32 through 35 control the operation of DisCache. Bytes

36 through 38 control operation of the error recovery procedure. The drive does not

use bytes 40 through 511, which should be set to 0.

Configuration Command Format

0–31

MAXTOR CONFIGURATION KEY

RESERVED = 0

RESERVED

RESERVED = 0

AWRE ARR

N/A

EEC

N/A

DCR

NUMBER OF RETRIES

ECC CORRECTION SPAN

RESERVED = 0

WCE

RUEE

40–511 RESERVED = 0

All fields marked R ESER VED or N/ A should be set to zero.

Bytes 0–6 must contain the ASCII characters Q, U, A, N, T, U, and M; byte 7, the

ASCII character space; and bytes 8–20 must contain the ASCII characters C, O, N, F,

I, G, U, R, A, T, I, O, and N. Bytes 21–31 must contain an ASCII space. If this

information is not entered correctly, the drive responds by setting the ABR T bit in

the Error register.

PE – Prefetch Enable (Byte 32, Bit 1): When set to 1, this bit indicates that the

drive will perform prefetching. A PE bit set to 0 indicates that no prefetching will

occur. The CE bit (bit 0) must be set to 1 to enable use of the PE bit. The default

value is 1.

6-14 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

CE – Cache Enable (Byte 32, Bit 0): When set to 1, this bit indicates that the drive

will activate caching on all R EAD commands. With the CE bit set to 0, the drive will

disable caching and use the RAM only as a transfer buffer. The default setting is 1.

AWRE – Automatic Write Reallocation Enabled (Byte 36, Bit 7): When set

to 1, indicates that the drive will enable automatic reallocation of bad blocks.

Automatic Write R eallocation is similar to the function of Automatic R ead

R eallocation, but is initiated by the drive when a defective block has become

inaccessible for writing. An AWR E bit set to 0 indicates that the Maxtor D540X-4K

20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT drives will not automatically reallocate bad blocks. The

default setting is 1.

ARR – Autom atic Read Reallocation (Byte 36, Bit 6): When set to 1, this bit

indicates that the drive will enable automatic reallocation of bad sectors. The drive

initiates reallocation when the AR R bit is set to 1 and the drive encounters a hard

error—that is, if the triple-burst ECC algorithm is invoked. The default setting is 1.

When the AR R bit is set to 0, the drive will not perform automatic reallocation of

bad sectors. If R C (byte 36, bit 4) is 1, the drive ignores this bit. The default value is 1.

RC – Read Continuous (Byte 36, Bit 4): When set to 1, this bit instructs the drive

to transfer data of the requested length without adding delays to increase data

integrity—that is, delays caused by the drive’s error-recovery procedures. With R C

set to 1 to maintain a continuous flow of data and avoid delays, the drive may send

data that is erroneous. When the drive ignores an error, it does not post the error. The

R C bit set to 0 indicates that potentially time-consuming operations for error recovery

are acceptable during data transfer. The default setting is 0.

EEC – Enable Early Correction (Byte 36, Bit 3): When set to 1, this bit indicates

that the drive will use its ECC algorithm if it detects two consecutive equal, nonzero

error syndromes. The drive will not perform rereads before applying correction, unless

it determines that the error is uncorrectable. An EEC bit set to 0 indicates that the

drive will use its normal recovery procedure when an error occurs: rereads, followed

by error correction. If the R C bit (byte 36, bit 4) is set to 1, the drive ignores the EEC

bit. The default setting is 0.

SilentMode (Byte 36, Bit 2): When set to 1, this bit indicates that the drive’s

acoustic emanations will be reduced.

DCR – Disable Correction (Byte 36, Bit 0): When set to 1, this bit indicates that

all data will be transferred without correction, even if it would be possible to correct

the data. A DCR bit set to 0 indicates that the data will be corrected if possible. If the

data is uncorrectable, it will be transferred without correction, though the drive will

attempt rereads. If R C (byte 36, bit 4) is set to 1, the drive ignores this bit. The default

setting is 0. The drive will post all errors, whether DCR is set to 0 or 1.

NUMBER OF RETRIES (Byte 37): This byte specifies the number of times that

the drive will attempt to recover from data errors by rereading the data, before it will

apply correction. The drive performs rereads before ECC correction—unless EEC

(byte 36, bit 3) is set to 1, enabling early correction. The default is eight.

ECC CORRECTION SPAN (Byte 38): This byte specifies the maximum number

of 10-bit symbols that can be corrected using ECC. The default value for this byte is

20h or 32 decimal.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-15

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

WCE – Write Cache Enable (Byte 39, Bit 2): When this bit is set to1, the Maxtor

D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard disk drives enable the Write Cache.

This indicates that the drive returns GOOD status for a write command after

successfully receiving the data, but before writing it to the disk. A value of zero

indicates that the drive returns GOOD status for a write command after successfully

receiving the data and writing it to the disk.

If the next command is another WRITE command, cached data continues to be

written to the disk while new data is added to the buffer. The default setting is 1.

RUEE – Reallocate Uncorrectable Error Enables (Byte 39, Bit 1): When set

to 1, this bit indicates that the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT hard

disk drives will automatically reallocate uncorrectable hard errors, if the AR R bit (byte

36, bit 6) is set to 1. The default setting is 1.

COMMAND CODE - B0h

TYPE - Optional - SMART Feature set. If the SMAR T feature set is implemented,

this command is optional and not recommended.

PR OTOCOL - PIO data in

INPUTS - The Features register shall be set to D1h. The Cylinder Low register shall

be set to 4Fh. The Cylinder High register shall be set to C2h.

Features

D1h

Sector Count

Sector Num ber

Cylinder Low

Cylinder High

Device/Head

Com m and

4Fh

C2h

B0h

NOR MAL OUTPUTS - None

ER R OR OUTPUTS - If the device does not support this command, if SMART

disabled or if the values in the Features, Cylinder Low or Cylinder High registers are

invalid, an Aborted command error is posted.

Error

UNC

IDNF na

ABRT na

Sector Count

Sector Num ber

Cylinder Low

6-16 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

Cylinder High

Device/Head

Status

obs

BSY

obs

DEV

DRQ

DRDY DF

ERR

PR EREQUISITES - DRDY set equal to one. SMAR T enabled.

DESCR IPTION - This command returns the device’s attribute thresholds to the host.

Upon receipt of this command from the host, the device sets BSY, reads the attribute

thresholds from non-volatile memory, sets DR Q, clears BSY, asserts INTR Q, and

then waits for the host to transfer the 512 bytes of attribute threshold information from

the device via the Data register.

The following defines the 512 bytes that make up the attribute threshold information.

The sequence of active attribute thresholds must appear in the same order as their

corresponding attribute values (see Section 6.5.12.2).

The data structure revision number shall be the same value used in the device attribute

values data structure.

T a ble 6-11 defines the twelve bytes that make up the information for each threshold

entry in the device attribute thresholds data structure. Attribute entries in the

individual threshold data structure must be in the same order and correspond to the

entries in the individual attribute data structure.

The attribute ID numbers are vendor specific. Any non-zero value in the attribute ID

number indicates an active attribute.

Attribute threshold values are to be set at the factory and are not changeable in the

field.

The data structure checksum is the two’s compliment of the result of a simple eight-

bit addition of the first 511 bytes in the data structure.

Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure

Data structure revision num ber =

0x0004h for this revision

binary

Rd only

1st attribute threshold

.....

30th attribute threshold

reserved (0x00)

Vendor specific

Data structure checksum

Total bytes

Rd only

131

512

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-17

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

Individual Threshold Data Structure

Attribute ID num ber

binary

Rd only

Attribute threshold (for com parison

with attribute values from 0x00 to

0xFFh)

0x00 “always passing” threshold value

to be used for code test purposes

0x01 m inim um value for norm al

operation

0xFD m axim um value for norm al

operation

0xFE invalid for threshold value - not to

be used

0xFF “always failing” threshold value to

be used for code test purposes

Reserved

Rd only

Total bytes

Device SMART Data Structure

0-361

362

Vendor Specific

Off-line data collection Status

Vendor specific

363

364-

365

Total tim e in seconds to com plete

off-line data collection

366

367

Vendor Specific

Off-line data collection capability

SMART capability

368-

369

370-

385

Reserved

386-

510

Vendor Specific

Data Structure check sum

511

The attribute ID numbers and their definitions are vendor specific. Any non-zero

value in the attribute ID number indicates an active attribute. Valid values for this byte

are from 0x01 through 0xFFh.

6-18 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

• Bit 0 -Pre-failure/ advisory - If the value of this bit equals zero, an

attribute value less than or equal to its corresponding attribute threshold

indicates an advisory condition where the usage or age of the device has

exceeded its intended design life period. If the value of this bit equals

one, an attribute value less than or equal to its corresponding attribute

threshold indicates a pre-failure condition where imminent loss of data

is being predicted.

• Bit 1 Reserved for future use.

• Bits 3 - 6 - Vendor specific.

• Bits 7 - 15 - Reserved for future use.

The range and meaning of the attribute values is described in T a ble 6-13. Prior to the

monitoring and saving of attribute values, all values are set to 0x64h. The attribute

values of 0x00h and 0xFFh are reserved and should not be used by the device.

• Bit 0 - Pre-power mode attribute saving capability - If the value of this

bit equals one, the device will save its attribute values prior to going into

a power saving mode (Idle, Standby or Sleep modes).

• Bit 1 - Attribute autosave after event capability - If the value of this bit

is equal to one, the device supports the SMART ENABLE/ DISABLE

ATTR IBUTE AUTOSAVE command.

• Bits 2-15 - R eserved for future use.

The data structure checksum is the two’s compliment of the result of a simple eight-

bit addition of the first 511 bytes in the data structure.

COMMAND CODE - B0h

TYPE - Optional - SMART Feature set. If the SMAR T feature set is implemented,

this command shall be implemented.

PR OTOCOL - Non-data command.

INPUTS - The Features register shall be set to DAh. The Cylinder Low register shall

be set to 4Fh. The Cylinder High register shall be set to C2h.

Features

DAh

Sector Count

Sector Num ber

Cylinder Low

4Fh

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-19

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

Cylinder High

C2h

B0h

Device/Head

Com m and

NOR MAL OUTPUTS - If the device has not detected a threshold exceeded

condition, the device sets the Cylinder Low register to 4Fh and the Cylinder High

sets the Cylinder Low register to F4h and the Cylinder High register to 2Ch.

ER R OR OUTPUTS - If the device does not support this command, if SMART is

disabled or if the values in the Features, Cylinder Low or Cylinder High registers are

invalid, an Aborted command error is posted.

Error

UNC na

IDNF na

ABRT na

Sector Count

Sector Num ber

Cylinder Low

Cylinder High

Device/Head

Status

obs

BSY

obs

DEV

DRD

DRQ

ERR

PREREQUISITES - DRDY set equal to one. SMART enabled.

DESCRIPTION - This command is used to communicate the reliability status of

the device to the host at the host’s request. Upon receipt of this command the device

sets BSY, saves any updated attribute values to non-volatile memory and compares the

updated attribute values to the attribute thresholds.

COMMAND CODE - B0h

TYPE - Optional - SMART Feature set. If the SMAR T feature set is implemented,

this command is optional and not recommended.

PR OTOCOL - Non-data command

INPUTS - The Features register shall be set to D3h. The Cylinder Low register shall

be set to 4Fh. The Cylinder High register shall be set to C2h.

6-20 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

Features

Sector Count

Sector Num ber

Cylinder Low

Cylinder High

Device/Head

Com m and

D3h

4Fh

C2h

B0h

NOR MAL OUTPUTS - None

ER R OR OUTPUTS - If the device does not support this command, if SMART is

disabled or if the values in the Features, Cylinder Low or Cylinder High registers are

invalid, an Aborted command error is posted.

Error

UNC na

IDNF na

ABRT na

Sector Count

Sector Num ber

Cylinder Low

Cylinder High

Device/Head

Status

obs

BSY

obs

DEV

DRD

DRQ

ERR

PR EREQUISITES - DRDY set equal to one. SMAR T enabled.

DESCR IPTION - This command causes the device to immediately save any updated

attribute values to the device’s non-volatile memory regardless of the state of the

attribute autosave timer. Upon receipt of this command from the host, the device sets

BSY, writes any updated attribute values to non-volatile memory, clears BSY and

asserts INTRQ.

Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

6-21

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

The drives support the following commands from the optional Device Configuration

Overlay feature set:

• DEVICE CONFIGUR ATION FR EEZE LOCK

• DEVICE CONFIGUR ATION IDENTIFY

• DEVICE CONFIGUR ATION R ESTOR E

• DEVICE CONFIGUR ATION SET

6-22 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/ 40.0/ 60.0/ 80.0 GB AT

Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.

ALLOCATION UNIT – An allocation

unit, also known as a cluster, is a group of

sectors on the disk that can be reserved for the

use of a particular file.

ACCESS – (v) R ead, write, or update

information on some storage medium, such as

a disk. (n) One of these operations.

ACCESS TIME – The interval between the

time a request for data is made by the system

and the time the data is available from the

drive. Access time includes the actual seek

time, rotational latency, and command

processing overhead time. See also seek,

rotational latency, and overhead.

AVERAGE SEEK TIME – The average

time it takes for the read/ write head to move

to a specific location. To compute the average

seek time, you divide the time it takes to

complete a large number of random seeks all

over the disk by the number of seeks

performed.

ACTUATOR – Also known as the positioner.

The internal mechanism that moves the

read/ write head to the proper track. The

Maxtor actuator consists of a rotary voice coil

and the head mounting arms. One end of each

head mounting arm attaches to the rotor with

the read/ write heads attached at the opposite

end of each arm. As current is applied to the

rotor, it rotates, positioning the heads over the

desired cylinder on the media.

BACKUP – A copy of a file, directory, or

volume on a separate storage device from the

original, for the purpose of retrieval in case the

original is accidentally erased, damaged, or

destroyed.

BAD BLOCK – A block (usually the size of

a sector) that cannot reliably hold data because

of a media flaw or damaged format markings.

AIRLOCK – A patented Maxtor feature that

ensures durable and reliable data storage.

Upon removal of power from the drive for

any reason, the read/ write heads

BAD TRACK TABLE – A label affixed to

the casing of a hard disk drive that tells which

tracks are flawed and cannot hold data. The

listing is typed into the low-level formatting

program when the drive is being installed.

Because Maxtor disk drive’s

defect-management scheme handles all such

flaws automatically, there is no need to

concern yourself with bad track tables.

automatically park and lock in a non data area

called the landing zone. AIR LOCK allows

the drive to withstand high levels of

non-operating shock. When power is applied

to the drive, airflow created from the spinning

disks causes the AIR LOCK arm to swing

back and unlock the actuator, allowing the

heads to move from the landing zone. Upon

power down, the AIR LOCK swings back to

the locked position, locking the heads in the

landing zone. A park utility is not required to

park the heads on drives equipped with

AIR LOCK (all Maxtor drives).

BIT – Abbreviation for binary digit. A binary

digit may have one of two values—1 or 0.

This contrasts with a decimal digit, which

may have a value from 0 to 9. A bit is one of

the logic 1or logic 0 binary settings that make

up a byte of data. See also byte.

ALLOCATION – The process of assigning

particular areas of the disk to particular files.