BiPAC 7402VL/VGL/VGP
VoIP/(802.11g) ADSL2+ Router
User’s Manual
Version Release 2.01
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Restart Router................................................................................................................................. 54
Firewall and Access Control.............................................................................................................. 56
General Configuration.................................................................................................................... 73
Prioritization................................................................................................................................... 81
Edit DMZ Host............................................................................................................................... 91
Device Management..................................................................................................................... 100
SAVE CONFIGURATION TO FLASH.......................................................................................................... 105
LOGOUT................................................................................................................................................. 106
CHAPTER 5: TROUBLESHOOTING................................................................................................ 107
PROBLEMS STARTING UP THE ROUTER ................................................................................................... 107
PROBLEMS WITH THE WAN INTERFACE................................................................................................ 107
PROBLEMS WITH THE LAN INTERFACE ................................................................................................. 108
Table of Contents
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VoIP/(802.11g) ADSL2+ Router
Chapter 1: Introduction
Introduction to your Router
Welcome to the VoIP/(802.11g) ADSL2+ Router. The router is an “all-in-one” VoIP ADSL router,
combining an ADSL modem, ADSL router, Ethernet network switch and 2 ports for Voice over IP
functionalities, providing everything you need to get the machines on your network connected to the
Internet over your ADSL broadband connection. With features such as an ADSL Quick-Start wizard and
DHCP Server, you can be online in no time at all and with a minimum of fuss and configuration, catering
for first-time users to the guru requiring advanced features and control over their Internet connection and
network.
Models
BiPAC 7402VL: VoIP ADSL Router (with 2FXS port)
BiPAC 7402VGL: VoIP/802.11g ADSL Router (with 2FXS port and Wireless-G)
BiPAC 7402VGP: VoIP/802.11g ADSL Router with LINE port
(with 2FXS/1FXO port and Wireless-G)
Features
Voice over IP compliance with SIP standard
The router supports cost-effective, toll-quality voice calls over the Internet. It complies with the
most popular industrial standard, SIP protocol, to ensure the interoperability with SIP devices and
major VoIP Gateways. The VoIP ADSL router supports call waiting, silence suppression, voice
activity detection (VAD), comfort noise generation (CNG), line echo cancellation, caller ID (Bell 202,
V3) and so on.
Lifeline Support (7402VGP only)
The router integrates RJ-11 FXO port for inbound and outbound calls transmitted through PSTN.
Users can receive phone calls from PSTN while enjoying VoIP call service at the same time. In
addition, the device automatically fallbacks to lifeline POTS to enable making normal phone calls
when there is power outage, or when the Internet connection is down.
Express Internet Access – capable of ADSL2/2+
The router complies with ADSL worldwide standards. It supports downstream rates up to 8Mbps
with ADSL, capable of up to 12/24 Mbps with ADSL2/2+, and upstream rates up to 1 Mbps. Users
enjoy not only high-speed ADSL services but also broadband multimedia applications such as
interactive gaming, video streaming and real-time audio much easier and faster than ever. It is
compliant with Multi-Mode standard (ANSI T1.413, Issue 2; G.dmt (ITU G.992.1); G.hs (ITU
G994.1); G.dmt.bis (ITU G.992.3); G.dmt.bisplus (ITU G.992.5)).
802.11g Wireless AP with WPA Support
With integrated 802.11g Wireless Access Point in the router, the device offers a quick and easy
access among wired network, wireless network and broadband connection (ADSL) with single
device simplicity, and as a result, mobility to the users. In addition to 54 Mbps 802.11g data rate, it
also interoperates backward with existing 802.11b equipment. The Wireless Protected Access
(WPA) and Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP) supported features enhance the security level of
data protection and access control via Wireless LAN.
Fast Ethernet Switch
A 3-port 10/100Mbps fast Ethernet switch is built in with automatic switching between MDI and
MDI-X for 10Base-T and 100Base-TX ports. An Ethernet straight or crossover cable can be used
directly for auto detection.
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Multi-Protocol to Establish A Connection
Supports PPPoA (RFC 2364 - PPP over ATM Adaptation Layer 5), RFC 1483 encapsulation over
ATM (bridged or routed), PPP over Ethernet (RFC 2516), and IPoA (RFC1577) to establish a
connection with the ISP. The product also supports VC-based and LLC-based multiplexing.
Quick Installation Wizard
Supports a WEB GUI page to install this device quickly. With this wizard, end users can enter the
information easily which they get from their ISP, then surf the Internet immediately.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) and UPnP NAT Traversal
This protocol is used to enable simple and robust connectivity among stand-alone devices and
PCs from many different vendors. It makes network simple and affordable for users. UPnP
architecture leverages TCP/IP and the Web to enable seamless proximity networking in addition to
control and data transfer among networked devices. With this feature enabled, users can now
connect to Net meeting or MSN Messenger seamlessly.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Allows multi-users to access outside resources such as the Internet simultaneously with one IP
address/one Internet access account. Many application layer gateway (ALG) are supported such
as web browser, ICQ, FTP, Telnet, E-mail, News, Net2phone, Ping, NetMeeting, IP phone and
others.
SOHO Firewall Security with DoS and SPI
Along with the built-in NAT natural firewall feature, the router also provides advanced hacker
pattern-filtering protection. It can automatically detect and block Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
The router is built with Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) to determine if a data packet is allowed
through the firewall to the private LAN.
Domain Name System (DNS) relay
Provides an easy way to map the domain name (a friendly name for users such as
www.yahoo.com) and IP address. When a local machine sets its DNS server with this router’s IP
address, every DNS conversion request packet from the PC to this router will be forwarded to the
real DNS in the outside network.
Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS)
The Dynamic DNS service allows you to alias a dynamic IP address to a static hostname. This
dynamic IP address is the WAN IP address. For example, to use the service, you must first apply
for an account from a DDNS service like http://www.dyndns.org/. More than 5 DDNS servers are
supported.
Quality of Service (QoS)
QoS gives you full control over which types of outgoing data traffic should be given priority by the
router, ensuring important data like gaming packets, customer information, or management
information move through the router ay lightning speed, even under heavy load. The QoS features
are configurable by source IP address, destination IP address, protocol, and port. You can throttle
the speed at which different types of outgoing data pass through the router, to ensure P2P users
don’t saturate upload bandwidth, or office browsing doesn’t bring client web serving to a halt. In
addition, or alternatively, you can simply change the priority of different types of upload data and let
the router sort out the actual speeds.
Virtual Server (“port forwarding”)
Users can specify some services to be visible from outside users. The router can detect incoming
service requests and forward either a single port or a range of ports to the specific local computer
to handle it. For example, a user can assign a PC in the LAN acting as a WEB server inside and
expose it to the outside network. Outside users can browse inside web servers directly while it is
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protected by NAT. A DMZ host setting is also provided to a local computer exposed to the outside
network, Internet.
Rich Packet Filtering
Not only filters the packet based on IP address, but also based on Port numbers. It will filter
packets from and to the Internet, and also provides a higher level of security control.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) client and server
In the WAN site, the DHCP client can get an IP address from the Internet Service Provider (ISP)
automatically. In the LAN site, the DHCP server can allocate a range of client IP addresses and
distribute them including IP address, subnet mask as well as DNS IP address to local computers. It
provides an easy way to manage the local IP network.
Static and RIP1/2 Routing
Supports an easy static routing table or RIP1/2 routing protocol to support routing capability.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
It is an easy way to remotely manage the router via SNMP.
Web based GUI
Supports web based GUI for configuration and management. It is user-friendly and comes with on-
line help. It also supports remote management capability for remote users to configure and
manage this product.
Firmware Upgradeable
Device can be upgraded to the latest firmware through the WEB based GUI.
Rich management interfaces
Supports flexible management interfaces with local console port, LAN port, and WAN port. Users
can use terminal applications through the console port to configure and manage the device, or
Telnet, WEB GUI, and SNMP through LAN or WAN ports to configure and manage the device.
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VoIP/(802.11g) ADSL2+ Router
Chapter 2: Installing the Router
Important note for using this router
ꢀ
ꢀ
Do not use this router in high humidity or high temperatures.
Do not use the same power source for this router as other
equipment.
ꢀ
ꢀ
Do not open or repair the case yourself. If this router is too hot,
turn off the power immediately and have it repaired at a qualified
service center.
Warning
Avoid using this product and all accessories outdoors.
ꢀ
Place this router on a stable surface.
ꢀ
Only use the power adapter that comes with the package. Using
a different voltage rating power adaptor may damage this router.
Attention
Package Contents
VoIP/(802.11g) ADSL2 Router
CD-ROM containing the online manual
RJ-11 ADSL/telephone Cable
Ethernet (CAT-5 LAN) Cable
Console (PS2-RS232) Cable
AC-DC power adapter (12VDC, 1.2A)
Quick Start Guide
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The Front LEDs
LED
Meaning
1
2
PWR
SYS
Lit when power is ON.
Lit when the system is ready.
Lit when connected to an Ethernet device.
Green for 100Mbps; Orange for 10Mbps.
Blinking when data is Transmitted / Received.
LAN Port
1X
(RJ-45 connector)
3 - 5
—
3X
WLAN
Lit green when the wireless connection is established.
Flashes when sending/receiving data.
7
(7402VGL/VGP only)
Phone
8 – 9 1X
—
2X
Lit green when the phone is off-hook.
(RJ-11 connector)
LINE
Lit when the inbound and outbound calls transmitted
through PSTN.
10
11
(7402VGP only)
VoIP
Lit when SIP registration is OK.
Lit steady when there is a PPPoA / PPPoE connection.
12
13
PPP / MAIL
ADSL
Lit and flashed periodically when there is email in the
Inbox.
Lit when successfully connected to an ADSL DSLAM
(“linesync”).
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Port
Power Switch
PWR
Meaning
1
2
Power ON/OFF switch
Connect the supplied power adapter to this jack.
After the device is powered on, press it to reset the device or
restore to factory default settings.
0-3 seconds: reset the device
3
RESET
LAN
6 seconds above: restore to factory default settings (this is
used when you can not login to the router, e.g. forgot the
password)
Connect a UTP Ethernet cable (Cat-5 or Cat-5e) to one of the
four LAN ports when connecting to a PC or an office/home
network of 10Mbps or 100Mbps.
4
5
1X
—
3X
(RJ-45 connector)
Connect a PS2/RS-232 cable to this port when connecting to a
PC’s RS-232 port (9-pin serial port).
CONSOLE
Phone
Connect RJ-11 cable to this port when connecting to an analog
phone set.
6
1X
─
2X
(RJ-11 connector)
Connect the supplied RJ-11 (“telephone”) cable to this port when
connecting to the ADSL/telephone network.
ADSL
7
8
Antenna
Connect the detachable antenna to this port.
(7402VGL/VGP only)
Connect RJ-11 cable to this port when connecting to the
telephone wall jack.
LINE
9
(7402VGP only)
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Cabling
One of the most common causes of problems is bad cabling or ADSL line(s). Make sure that all
connected devices are turned on. On the front of the product is a bank of LEDs. Verify that the LAN Link
and ADSL line LEDs are lit. If they are not, verify that you are using the proper cables.
Ensure that all other devices connected to the same telephone line as your router (e.g. telephones, fax
machines, analogue modems) have a line filter connected between them and the wall socket (unless
you are using a Central Splitter or Central Filter installed by a qualified and licensed electrician), and
ensure that all line filters are correctly installed and the right way around. Missing line filters or line filters
installed the wrong way around can cause problems with your ADSL connection, including causing
frequent disconnections.
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Chapter 3: Basic Installation
The router can be configured with your web browser. A web browser is included as a standard
application in the following operating systems: Linux, Mac OS, Windows 98/NT/2000/XP/Me, etc. The
product provides a very easy and user-friendly interface for configuration.
PCs must have an Ethernet interface installed properly and be connected to the router either directly or
through an external repeater hub, and have TCP/IP installed and configured to obtain an IP address
through a DHCP server or a fixed IP address that must be in the same subnet as the router. The default
IP address of the router is 192.168.1.254 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 (i.e. any attached PC
must be in the same subnet, and have an IP address in the range of 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253). The
best and easiest way is to configure the PC to get an IP address automatically from the router using
DHCP. If you encounter any problems accessing the router’s web interface it may also be advisable to
uninstall any kind of software firewall on your PCs, as they can cause problems accessing the
192.168.1.254 IP address of the router. Users should make their own decisions on how to best protect
their network.
Please follow the steps below for your PC’s network environment installation. First of all, please check
your PC’s network components. The TCP/IP protocol stack and Ethernet network adapter must be
installed. If not, please refer to your Windows-related or other operating system manuals.
Any TCP/IP capable workstation can be used to communicate with or through the
router. To configure other types of workstations, please consult the manufacturer’s
documentation.
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Connecting your router
1. Connect this router to a LAN (Local Area Network) and the ADSL/telephone (ADSL) network.
2. Power on the device.
3. Make sure the PWR and SYS LEDs are lit steadily and that the LAN LED is lit.
4. Connect an RJ11 cable to VoIP port when connecting to an analog phone set.
5. Connect RJ-11 cable to LINE Port when connecting to the telephone wall jack (7402VGP only).
7402VL/VGL
(802.11g is not supported in BiPAC 7402VL)
Switching/
HUB
Analog Phone
Connect more
computers
7402VGP
Switching/
HUB
ADSL
Phone
ADSL
Splitter
Line
Analog Phone
Connect more
computers
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Configuring PCs in Windows in Window XP
1. Go to Start / Control Panel (in Classic View). In the Control
Panel, double-click Network Connections.
2. Double-click Local Area Connection. (See Figure 3.1)
Figure 3.1: LAN Area Connection
3. In the LAN Area Connection Status window, click
Properties. (See Figure 3.2)
Figure 3.2: LAN Connection
Status
4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.
(See Figure 3.3)
Figure 3.3: TCP / IP
5. Select the Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain
DNS server address automatically radio buttons. (See
Figure 3.4)
6. Click OK to finish the configuration.
Figure 3.4: IP Address & DNS
Configuration
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Configuring PCs in Windows 2000
1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control Panel,
double-click Network and Dial-up Connections.
2. Double-click Local Area (“LAN”) Connection. (See Figure
3.5)
Figure 3.5: LAN Area Connection
3. In the LAN Area Connection Status window, click
Properties. (See Figure 3.6)
Figure 3.6: LAN Connection
Status
4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.
(See Figure 3.7)
Figure 3.7: TCP / IP
5. Select the Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain
DNS server address automatically radio buttons. (See
Figure 3.8)
6. Click OK to finish the configuration.
Figure 3.8: IP Address & DNS
Configuration
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Configuring PC in Windows 95/98/ME
1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control Panel,
double-click Network and choose the Configuration tab.
2. Select TCP / IP -> NE2000 Compatible, or the name of any
Network Interface Card (NIC) in your PC. (See Figure 3.9)
3. Click Properties.
Figure 3.9: TCP / IP
4. Select the IP Address tab. In this page, click the Obtain an
IP address automatically radio button. (See Figure 3.10)
Figure 3.10: IP Address
5. Then select the DNS Configuration tab. (See Figure 3.11)
6. Select the Disable DNS radio button and click OK to finish
the configuration.
Figure 3.11: DNS Configuration
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Configuring PC in Windows NT4.0
1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control
Panel, double-click Network and choose the Protocols tab.
2. Select TCP/IP Protocol and click Properties. (See Figure
3.12)
Figure 3.12: TCP / IP
3. Select the Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server radio
button and click OK. (See Figure 3.13)
Figure 3.13: IP Address
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Factory Default Settings
Before configuring your, you need to know the following default settings.
Web Interface (Username and Password)
Username: admin
Password: admin
The default username and password are “admin” and “admin” respectively.
If you ever forget the password to log in, you may press the RESET button up to
6 seconds to restore the factory default settings.
Attention
LAN Device IP Settings
IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
ISP setting in WAN site
PPPoE
DHCP server
DHCP server is enabled.
Start IP Address: 192.168.1.100
IP pool counts: 100
LAN and WAN Port Addresses
The parameters of LAN and WAN ports are pre-set in the factory. The default values are shown below.
LAN Port
WAN Port
IP address
192.168.1.254
255.255.255.0
Enabled
The PPPoE function is enabled
to automatically get the WAN
port configuration from the ISP,
but you have to set the
username and password first.
Subnet Mask
DHCP server function
IP addresses for
100 IP addresses continuing from
distribution to PCs
192.168.1.100 through 192.168.1.199
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Information from your ISP
Before configuring this device, you have to check with your ISP (Internet Service Provider) what kind of
service is provided such as PPPoE, PPPoA, RFC1483, or IPoA.
Gather the information as illustrated in the following table and keep it for reference.
PPPoE
PPPoA
VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing, Username, Password, Service
Name, and Domain Name System (DNS) IP address (it can be automatically
assigned by your ISP when you connect or be set manually).
VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing, Username, Password, and
Domain Name System (DNS) IP address (it can be automatically assigned by
your ISP when you connect or be set manually).
RFC1483 Bridged
RFC1483 Routed
VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing to use Bridged Mode.
VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing, IP address, Subnet mask,
Gateway address, and Domain Name System (DNS) IP address (it is fixed IP
address).
IPoA
VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing, IP address, Subnet mask,
Gateway address, and Domain Name System (DNS) IP address (it is fixed IP
address).
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Configuring with your Web Browser
Open your web browser, enter the IP address of your router, which by default is 192.168.1.254, and click
“Go”, a user name and password window prompt will appear. The default username and password
are “admin” and “admin”. (See Figure 3.14)
Figure 3.14: User name & Password Prompt Widonw
Congratulation! You are now successfully logon to the VoIP ADSL Router!
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Chapter 4: Configuration
At the configuration homepage, the left navigation pane where bookmarks are provided links you directly
to the desired setup page, including:
Status (ARP Table, Wireless Association Table, Routing Table, DHCP Table, Email Status, VoIP
Status, Event Log, Error Log, NAT Sessions and UPnP Portmap)
Quick Start
Configuration
(LAN, WAN, System, Firewall, VoIP, QoS, Virtual Server, Time Schedule and Advanced)
Save Config to FLASH
Language (provides user interface in English and Deutsch languages)
Please see the relevant sections of this manual for detailed instructions on how to configure the VoIP
ADSL Router.
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Status
ARP Table
This section displays the router’s ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Table, which shows the mapping
of Internet (IP) addresses to Ethernet (MAC) addresses. This is useful as a quick way of determining the
MAC address of the network interface of your PCs to use with the router’s Firewall – MAC Address
Filter function. See the Firewall section of this manual for more information on this feature.
IP Address: A list of IP addresses of devices on your LAN (Local Area Network).
MAC Address: The MAC (Media Access Control) addresses for each device on your LAN.
Interface: The interface name (on the router) that this IP Address connects to.
Static: Static status of the ARP table entry:
ꢁ “no” for dynamically-generated ARP table entries
ꢁ “yes” for static ARP table entries added by the user
Wireless Association Table (7402VGL/VGP only)
IP Address: It is IP address of wireless client that joins this network.
MAC: The MAC address of wireless client.
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Routing Table
Routing Table
Valid: It indicates a successful routing status.
Destination: The IP address of the destination network.
Netmask: The destination netmask address.
Gateway/Interface: The IP address of the gateway or existing interface that this route will use.
Cost: The number of hops counted as the cost of the route.
RIP Routing Table
Destination: The IP address of the destination network.
Netmask: The destination netmask address.
Gateway: The IP address of the gateway that this route will use.
Cost: The number of hops counted as the cost of the route.
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DHCP Table
Leased: The DHCP assigned IP addresses information.
IP Address: A list of IP addresses of devices on your LAN (Local Area Network).
Expired: The expired IP addresses information.
Permanent: The fixed host mapping information
Leased Table
IP Address: The IP address that assigned to client.
MAC Address: The MAC address of client.
Client Host Name: The Host Name (Computer Name) of client.
Expiry: The current lease time of client.
Expired Table
Please refer the Leased Table.
Permanent Table
Name: The name you assigned to the Permanent configuration.
IP Address: The fixed IP address for the specify client.
MAC Address: The MAC Address that you want to assign the fixed IP address
Maximum Lease Time: The maximum lease time interval you allow to clients
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Email Status
Details and status for the Email Account you have configured the router to check. Please see the
Advanced section of this manual for details on this function.
VoIP Status
Details and status for the VoIP Account you have configured the router to check. Please see the Phone
Configuration section of this manual for details on this function.
Event Log
This page displays the router’s Event Log entries. Major events are logged to this window, such as when
the router’s ADSL connection is disconnected, as well as Firewall events when you have enabled
Intrusion or Blocking Logging in the Configuration – Firewall section of the interface. Please see the
Firewall section of this manual for more details on how to enable Firewall logging.
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Error Log
Any errors encountered by the router (e.g. invalid names given to entries) are logged to this window.
NAT Sessions
This section lists all current NAT sessions between interface of types external (WAN) and internal (LAN).
UPnP Portmap
The section lists all port-mapping established using UPnP (Universal Plug and Play). Please see the
Advanced section of this manual for more details on UPnP and the router’s UPnP configuration options.
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Quick Start
For detailed instructions on configuring your WAN settings, please see the WAN section of this manual.
Usually, the only details you will need for the Quick Start wizard to get you online are your login (often in
the form of username@ispname), your password and the encapsulation type. In additional, you have
the option to provide specific DNS as your desire, or check the Enable box to get the DNS automatically
from your ISP.
Your ISP will be able to supply all the details you need, alternatively, if you have deleted the current
WAN Connection in the WAN – ISP section of the interface, you can use the router’s PVC Scan feature
to attempt to determine the Encapsulation types offered by your ISP.
Click Start to begin scanning for encapsulation types offered by your ISP. If the scan is successful you
will then be presented with a list of supported options:
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Select the desired option from the list and click Apply to return to the Quick Start interface to continue
configuring your ISP connection. Please note that the contents of this list will vary, depending on what is
supported by your ISP.
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Configuration
When you click this item, you get following sub-items to configure the ADSL router.
LAN, WAN, System, Firewall, VoIP, QoS, Virtual Server, Time Schedule and Advanced
These functions are described below in the following sections.
LAN (Local Area Network)
There are seven items within the LAN section: Ethernet, Ethernet Client Filter, Wireless, Wireless
Security, Wireless Client Filter, Port Setting and DHCP Server.
Ethernet
The router supports two Ethernet IP addresses in the LAN, and two different LAN subnets through
which you can access the Internet at the same time. Users usually only have one subnet in their
LAN, so there is no need to configure a Secondary IP address. The default IP address for the
router is 192.168.1.254.
RIP: RIP v1, RIP v2, and RIP v2 Multicast. Check to enable RIP function.
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Ethernet Client Filter
The Ethernet Client Filter supports up to 16 Ethernet network machines that helps you to manage
your network control to accept traffic from specific authorized machines or can restrict unwanted
machine(s) to access your LAN.
There are no pre-define Ethernet MAC address filter rules; you can add the filter rules to meet your
requirements.
Ethernet Client Filter: Default setting is set to Disable.
ꢁAllowed: check to authorize specific device accessing your LAN by insert the MAC
Address in the space provided or click
. Make sure your PC’s MAC is listed.
ꢁBlocked: check to prevent unwanted device accessing your LAN by insert the MAC
Address in the space provided or click . Make sure your PC’s MAC is not listed.
The maximum client is 16. The MAC addresses are 6 bytes long; they are presented only in
hexadecimal characters. The number 0 - 9 and letters a - f are acceptable.
(Note: Follow the MAC Address Format xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx. Semicolon ( : ) must be included)
Candidates: automatically detects devices connected to the router through the Ethernet. .
→ Active PC in LAN
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Active PC in LAN displays a list of individual Ethernet device’s IP Address & MAC Address which
connecting to the router.
You can easily by checking the box next to the IP address to be blocked or allowed. Then, Add to
insert to the Ethernet Client Filter table. The maximum Ethernet client is 16.
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Wireless (7402VGL/VGP only)
Parameters
WLAN Service: Default setting is set to Enable. If you do not have any wireless, both 802.11g
and 802.11b, device in your network, select Disable.
Mode: The default setting is 802.11b+g (Mixed mode). If you do not know or have both 11g and
11b devices in your network, then keep the default in mixed mode. From the drop-down manual,
you can select 802.11g if you have only 11g card. If you have only 11b card, then select 802.11b.
ESSID: The ESSID is the unique name of a wireless access point (AP) to be distinguished from
another. For security propose, change the default wlan-ap to a unique ID name to the AP which is
already built-in to the router’s wireless interface. It is case sensitive and must not excess 32
characters. Make sure your wireless clients have exactly the ESSID as the device, in order to get
connected to your network. (Note: It is case sensitive and must not excess 32 characters.)
ESSID Broadcast: It is function in which transmits its ESSID to the air so that when wireless
client searches for a network, router can then be discovered and recognized. Default setting is
Enable.
ꢁDisable: If you do not want broadcast your ESSID. Any client uses “any” wireless setting
cannot discover the Access Point (AP) of your router.
ꢁEnable: Any client that using the “any” setting can discover the Access Point (AP) in
Regulation Domain: There are seven Regulation Domains for you to choose from, including
North America (N.America), Europe, France, etc. The Channel ID will be different based on this
setting.
Channel ID: Select the ID channel that you would like to use.
Connected: Representing in true or false. That it is the connection status between the system
and the build-in wireless card.
AP MAC Address: It is a unique hardware address of the Access Point.
AP Firmware Version: The Access Point firmware version.
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Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
It is a wireless access point mode that enables wireless link and communication with other access point.
It is easy to be installed simply define peer’s MAC address of the connected AP. WDS takes
advantages of cost saving and flexibility which no extra wireless client device is required to bridge
between two access points and extending an existing wired or wireless infrastructure network to create a
larger network.
In addition, WDS enhances its link connection security in WEP mode, WEP key encryption must be the
same for both access points.
WDS Service: The default setting is Disable. Check Enable radio button to activate this function.
Peer WDS MAC Address: It is the associated AP’s MAC Address. It is important that your peer’s
AP must include your MAC address in order to acknowledge and communicate with each other.
(Note: For MAC Address, Semicolon ( : ) must be included)
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Wireless Security (7402VGL/VGP only)
You can disable or enable with WPA or WEP for protecting wireless network.
The default mode of wireless security is disabled.
WPA Pre-Shared Key
WPA Algorithms: TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) utilizes a stronger encryption method
and incorporates Message Integrity Code (MIC) to provide protection against hackers.
WPA Shared Key: The key for network authentication. The input format is in character style and
key size should be in the range between 8 and 63 characters.
Group Key Renewal: The period of renewal time for changing the security key automatically
between wireless client and Access Point (AP). Default value is 600 seconds.
Idle Timeout: The default idle timeout is 3600 seconds. A Timeout value base on the case of no
data traffic is send or received. If Router detects no traffic in the wireless, it will start timing the
clock and drop the session as it reaches to the defined timeout value. New session will be re-
established after the old session.
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WEP
WEP Encryption: To prevent unauthorized wireless stations from accessing data transmitted over
the network, the router offers highly secure data encryption, known as WEP. If you require high
security for transmissions, there are two alternatives to select from: WEP 64 and WEP 128. WEP
128 will offer increased security over WEP 64.
Passphrase: This is used to generate WEP keys automatically based upon the input string and a
pre-defined algorithm in WEP64 or WEP128. You can input the same string in both the AP and
Client card settings to generate the same WEP keys. Please note that you do not have to enter
Key (0-3) as below when the Passphrase is enabled.
Default Used WEP Key: Select the encryption key ID; please refer to Key (0-3) below.
Key (0-3): Enter the key to encrypt wireless data. To allow encrypted data transmission, the WEP
Encryption Key values on all wireless stations must be the same as the router. There are four keys
for your selection. The input format is in HEX style, 5 and 13 HEX codes are required for WEP64
and WEP128 respectively, the separator is “-“. For example, using WEP64, 11-22-33-44-55 is a
valid key, whilst 1122334455 is invalid.
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Wireless Client (MAC Address) Filter (7402VGL/VGP only)
The MAC Address supports up to 16 wireless network machines and helps you to manage your
network control to accept traffic from specific authorized machines or to restrict unwanted
machine(s) to access your LAN.
There are no pre-define MAC Address filter rules; you can add the filter rules to meet your
requirements.
Ethernet Client Filter: Default setting is set to Disable.
ꢁAllowed: check to authorize specific device accessing your LAN by insert the MAC
Address in the space provided or click
. Make sure your PC’s MAC is listed.
ꢁBlocked: check to prevent unwanted device accessing the LAN by insert the MAC Address
in the space provided or click . Make sure your PC’s MAC is not listed.
The maximum client is 16. The MAC addresses are 6 bytes long; they are presented only in
hexadecimal characters. The number 0 - 9 and letters a - f are acceptable.
The maximum client is 16. The MAC addresses are 6 bytes long; they are presented only in
hexadecimal characters. The number 0 - 9 and letters a - f are acceptable.
(Note: Follow the MAC Address Format xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx. Semicolon ( : ) must be included)
Candidates: it automatically detects devices connected to the router through the Ethernet. .
→Associated Wireless Clients
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Associate Wireless Client displays a list of individual wireless device’s MAC Address that currently
connects to the router.
You can easily by checking the box next to the MAC address to be blocked or allowed. Then, Add
to insert to the Wireless Client (MAC Address) Filter table. The maximum Ethernet client is 16.
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DHCP Server
You can disable or enable the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server or enable the
router’s DHCP relay functions. The DHCP protocol allows your router to dynamically assign IP
addresses to PCs on your network if they are configured to obtain IP addresses automatically.
To disable the router’s DHCP Server, check Disabled and click Next, then click Apply. When the
DHCP Server is disabled you will need to manually assign a fixed IP address to each PCs on your
network, and set the default gateway for each PCs to the IP address of the router (by default this is
192.168.1.254).
To configure the router’s DHCP Server, check DHCP Server and click Next. You can then
configure parameters of the DHCP Server including the IP pool (starting IP address and ending IP
address to be allocated to PCs on your network), lease time for each assigned IP address (the
period of time the IP address assigned will be valid), DNS IP address and the gateway IP address.
These details are sent to the DHCP client (i.e. your PC) when it requests an IP address from the
DHCP server. Click Apply to enable this function. If you check “Use Router as a DNS Server”,
the ADSL Router will perform the domain name lookup, find the IP address from the outside
network automatically and forward it back to the requesting PC in the LAN (your Local Area
Network).
If you check DHCP Relay Agent and click Next, then you will have to enter the IP address of the
DHCP server which will assign an IP address back to the DHCP client in the LAN. Use this
function only if advised to do so by your network administrator or ISP.
Click Apply to enable this function.
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WAN (Wide Area Network)
WAN refers to your Wide Area Network connection, i.e. your router’s connection to your ISP and the
Internet. There are two items within the WAN section: ISP, DNS and ADSL.
ISP
The factory default is PPPoE. If your ISP uses this access protocol, click Edit to input other
parameters as below. If your ISP does not use PPPoE, you can change the default WAN
connection entry by clicking Change.
A simpler alternative is to select Quick Start from the main menu on the left. Please see the Quick
Start section of the manual for more information.
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RFC 1483 Routed Connections
Description: Your description of this connection.
VPI and VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP.
ATM Class: The Quality of Service for ATM layer.
NAT: The NAT (Network Address Translation) feature allows multiple users to access the Internet
through a single IP account, sharing the single IP address. If users on your LAN have public IP
addresses and can access the Internet directly, the NAT function can be disabled.
Encapsulation method: Selects the encapsulation format, the default is LLC Bridged. Select the
one provided by your ISP.
DHCP client: Enable or disable the DHCP client, specify if the Router can get an IP address from
the Internet Service Provider (ISP) automatically or not. Please click Obtain an IP address
automatically via DHCP client to enable the DHCP client function or click Specify an IP address
to disable the DHCP client function, and specify the IP address manually. Your ISP specifies the
setting of this item.
RIP: RIP v1, RIP v2, and RIP v2 Multicast. Check to enable RIP function.
MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit. The size of the largest datagram (excluding media-specific
headers) that IP will attempt to send through the interface.
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RFC 1483 Bridged Connections
VPI and VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP.
ATM Class: The Quality of Service for ATM layer.
Encapsulation method: Select the encapsulation format, this is provided by your ISP.
Ether Filter Type: Specify the type of ethernet filtering performed by the named bridge interface.
All
Allows all types of ethernet packets through the port.
Ip
Allows only IP/ARP types of ethernet packets through the port.
Allows only PPPoE types of ethernet packets through the port.
Pppoe
Spanning Bridge Interface: Enable/Disable spanning tree function of modem.
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PPPoA Routed Connections
Description: User-definable name for the connection.
VPI/VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP.
ATM Class: The Quality of Service for ATM layer.
NAT: The NAT (Network Address Translation) feature allows multiple users to access the Internet
through a single IP account, sharing a single IP address. If users on your LAN have public IP
addresses and can access the Internet directly, the NAT function can be disabled.
Username: Enter the username provided by your ISP. You can input up to 128 alphanumeric
characters (case sensitive). This will usually be in the format of “username@ispname” instead of
simply “username”.
Password: Enter the password provided by your ISP. You can input up to 128 alphanumeric
characters (case sensitive).
IP Address: Specify an IP address allowed to logon and access the router’s web server.. Note: IP
0.0.0.0 indicates all users who are connected to this router are allowed to logon the device and
modify data.
Authentication Protocol Type: Default is Chap (Auto). Your ISP will advise you whether to use
Chap or Pap.
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Connection:
ꢁAlways on: If you want the router to establish a PPPoA session when starting up and to
automatically re-establish the PPPoA session when disconnected by the ISP.
ꢁConnect to Demand: If you want to establish a PPPoA session only when there is a
packet requesting access to the Internet (i.e. when a program on your computer attempts to
access the Internet).
Idle Timeout: Auto-disconnect the broadband firewall gateway when there is no activity on the
line for a predetermined period of time.
ꢁDetail: You can define the destination port and packet type (TCP/UDP) without checking by
timer. It allows you to set which outgoing traffic will not trigger and reset the idle timer.
RIP: RIP v1, RIP v2, and RIP v2 Multicast. Check to enable RIP function.
MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit. The size of the largest datagram (excluding media-specific
headers) that IP will attempt to send through the interface.
Advanced Options (PPPoA)
LLC Header: Selects encapsulation mode, true for using LLC or false for using VC-Mux.
Create Route: This setting specifies whether a route is added to the system after IPCP (Internet
Protocol Control Protocol) negotiation is completed. If set to enabled, a route will be created which
directs packets to the remote end of the PPP link.
Specific Route: Specifies whether the route created when a PPP link comes up is a specific or
default route. If set to enabled, the route created will only apply to packets for the subnet at the
remote end of the PPP link. The address of this subnet is obtained during IPCP negotiation.
Subnet Mask: sets the subnet mask used for the local IP interface connected to the PPP transport.
If the value 0.0.0.0 is supplied, the netmask will be calculated from the class of the IP address
obtained during IPCP negotiation.
Route Mask: Sets the subnet mask used by the route that is created when a PPP link comes up. If
it is set to 0.0.0.0, the subnet mask is determined by the IP address of the remote end of the link.
The class of the IP address is obtained during IPCP (Internet Protocol Control Protocol)
negotiation.
MRU: Maximum Receive Unit. This is negotiated during the LCP protocol stage.
Discover Primary
/
Secondary DNS: This setting enables/disables whether the
primary/secondary DNS server address is requested from a remote PPP peer using IPCP. The
default setting for this command is enabled.
Give DNSto Relay: Controls whether the PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) can
request the DNS server IP address for a remote PPP peer. Once IPCP has discovered the DNS
server IP address, it automatically gives the address to the local DNS relay so that a connection
can be established.
Give DNSto Client: Controls whether the PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) can
request a DNS server IP address for a remote PPP peer. Once IPCP has discovered the DNS
server IP address, it automatically gives the address to the local DNS client so that a connection
can be established.
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Give DNSto DHCP Server: Similar to the above, but gives the DNS server address to the DHCP
server.
Discover Primary NBNS / Discover Secondary NBNS: This setting enables/disables whether
the primary/secondary NBNS server address is requested from a remote PPP peer using IPCP.
The default setting for this command is disabled.
Discover Subnet Mask: Specifies if the subnet mask given by IPCP negotiation process is to be
used.
Give Subnet Mask To DHCP Server: Enable to change your DHCP Server settings by using the
given information in IPCP negotiation process.
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IPoA Routed Connections
Description: User-definable name for the connection.
VPI/VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP.
ATM Class: The Quality of Service for ATM layer.
NAT: The NAT (Network Address Translation) feature allows multiple users to access the Internet
through a single IP account, sharing a single IP address. If users on your LAN have public IP
addresses and can access the Internet directly, the NAT function can be disabled.
DHCP client: Enable or disable the DHCP client, specifying if the router can obtain an IP address
from the Internet Service Provider (ISP) automatically or not. Please click Obtain an IP address
automatically via DHCP client to enable the DHCP client function or click Specify an IP address
to disable the DHCP client function, and specify the IP address manually. Your ISP specifies the
setting of this item.
RIP: RIP v1, RIP v2, and RIP v2 Multicast. Check to enable RIP function.
MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit. The size of the largest datagram (excluding media-specific
headers) that IP will attempt to send through the interface.
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PPPoE Connections
Description: A user-definable name for this connection.
VPI/VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP.
ATM Class: The Quality of Service for ATM layer.
NAT: The NAT (Network Address Translation) feature allows multiple users to access the Internet
through a single ISP account, sharing a single IP address. If users on your LAN have public IP
addresses and can access the Internet directly, the NAT function can be disabled.
Username: Enter the username provided by your ISP. You can input up to 128 alphanumeric
characters (case sensitive). This will usually be in the format of “username@ispname” instead of
simply “username”.
Password: Enter the password provided by your ISP. You can input up to 128 alphanumeric
characters (case sensitive).
Service Name: This item is for identification purposes. If it is required, your ISP will provide you
the information. Maximum input is 20 alphanumeric characters.
IP Address: specify if the Router can get an IP address from the Internet Server Provider (ISP)
automatically or not. Please click Obtain an IP address automatically via DHCP client to enable the
DHCP client function or click Specify an IP address to disable the DHCP client function, and
specify the IP address manually. The setting of this item is specified by your ISP.
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Authentication Protocol: Default is Chap(Auto). Your ISP will advise you whether to use Chap
or Pap.
Connection:
ꢁAlways on: If you want the router to establish a PPPoE session when starting up and to
automatically re-establish the PPPoE session when disconnected by the ISP.
ꢁConnect to Demand: If you want to establish a PPPoE session only when there is a
packet requesting access to the Internet (i.e. when a program on your computer attempts to
access the Internet).
Idle Timeout: Auto-disconnect the broadband firewall gateway when there is no activity on the line
for a predetermined period of time.
ꢁDetail: You can define the destination port and packet type (TCP/UDP) without checking by
timer. It allows you to set which outgoing traffic will not trigger and reset the idle timer.
RIP: RIP v1, RIP v2, and RIP v2 Multicast. Check to enable RIP function.
MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit. The size of the largest datagram (excluding media-specific
headers) that IP will attempt to send through the interface.
Advanced Options (PPPoE)
LLC Header: Selects encapsulation mode, true for using LLC or false for using VC-Mux.
Create Route: This setting specifies whether a route is added to the system after IPCP (Internet
Protocol Control Protocol) negotiation is completed. If set to enabled, a route will be created which
directs packets to the remote end of the PPP link.
Specific Route: Specifies whether the route created when a PPP link comes up is a specific or
default route. If set to enabled, the route created will only apply to packets for the subnet at the
remote end of the PPP link. The address of this subnet is obtained during IPCP negotiation.
Subnet Mask: sets the subnet mask used for the local IP interface connected to the PPP transport.
If the value 0.0.0.0 is supplied, the netmask will be calculated from the class of the IP address
obtained during IPCP negotiation.
Route Mask: Sets the subnet mask used by the route that is created when a PPP link comes up. If
it is set to 0.0.0.0, the subnet mask is determined by the IP address of the remote end of the link.
The class of the IP address is obtained during IPCP (Internet Protocol Control Protocol)
negotiation.
MRU: Maximum Receive Unit. This is negotiated during the LCP protocol stage.
Discover Primary
/
Secondary DNS: This setting enables/disables whether the
primary/secondary DNS server address is requested from a remote PPP peer using IPCP. The
default setting for this command is enabled.
Give DNS to Relay: Controls whether the PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) can
request the DNS server IP address for a remote PPP peer. Once IPCP has discovered the DNS
server IP address, it automatically gives the address to the local DNS relay so that a connection
can be established.
Give DNS to Client: Controls whether the PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) can
request a DNS server IP address for a remote PPP peer. Once IPCP has discovered the DNS
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server IP address, it automatically gives the address to the local DNS client so that a connection
can be established.
Give DNS to DHCP Server: Similar to the above, but gives the DNS server address to the DHCP
server.
Discover Primary NBNS / Discover Secondary NBNS: This setting enables/disables whether
the primary/secondary NBNS server address is requested from a remote PPP peer using IPCP.
The default setting for this command is disabled.
Discover Subnet Mask: Specifies if the subnet mask given by IPCP negotiation process is to be
used.
Give Subnet Mask To DHCP Server: Enable to change your DHCP Server settings by using the
given information in IPCP negotiation process.
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DNS
A Domain Name System (DNS) contains a mapping table for domain name and IP addresses. On
the Internet, every host has a unique and user-friendly name (domain name) such as
www.helloworld.com and an IP address. An IP address is a 32-bit number in the form of
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, for example 192.168.1.254. You can think of an IP address as a telephone
number for devices on the Internet, and the DNS will allow you to find the telephone number for
any particular domain name. As an IP Address is hard to remember, the DNS converts the friendly
name into its equivalent IP Address.
You can obtain a Domain Name System (DNS) IP address automatically if your ISP has provided it
when you logon, check the Enable box. Usually when you choose PPPoE or PPPoA as your WAN
- ISP protocol, the ISP will provide the DNS IP address automatically. You may leave the
configuration field blank.
Alternatively, your ISP may provide you with an IP address of their DNS. If this is the case, you
must enter the DNS IP address manually.
If you choose one of the other three protocols ─ RFC1483 Routed/Bridged and IPoA check with
your ISP, it may provide you with an IP address for their DNS server. You must enter the DNS IP
address if you set the DNS of your PC to the LAN IP address of this router.
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ADSL
Connect Mode: The default setting is Multimode. This mode will automatically detect your ADSL
line code, G.dmt, G.lite, and T1.413. But in some area, multimode cannot detect the ADSL line
code well. If it is the case, please adjust the ADSL line code to G.dmt or T1.413 first. If it still fails,
please try the other values such as ALCTL, ADI, etc.
Activate Line: Aborting (false) your ADSL line and making it active (true) again for taking effect
with setting of Connect Mode.
Coding Gain: Configure the ADSL coding gain from 0 dB to 7dB, or automatic.
Tx Attenuation: Setting ADSL transmission gain, the value is between 0~12.
DSP FirmwareVersion: Current ADSL line code firmware version.
Connected: Display current ADSL line sync status.
Operational Mode: Display current ADSL mode standard (Operational Mode) your Router is using
when ADSL line has sync.
Annex Type: ADSL Annex A, which works over a standard telephone line. Annex B, which works
over an ISDN line.
Upstream: Display current upstream rate of your ADSL line.
Downstream: Display current downstream rate of your ADSL line.
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System
There are six items within the System section: Time Zone, Remote Access, Firmware Upgrade,
Backup/Restore, Restart and User Management.
Time Zone
The router does not have a real time clock on board; instead, it uses the Simple Network Time
Protocol (SNTP) to get the current time from an SNTP server outside your network. Choose your
local time zone, click Enable and click the Apply button. After a successful connection to the
Internet, the router will retrieve the correct local time from the SNTP server you have specified. If
you prefer to specify an SNTP server other than those in the list, simply enter its IP address as
shown above. Your ISP may provide an SNTP server for you to use.
Daylight Saving is also known as Summer Time Period. Many places in the world adapt it during
summer time to move one hour of daylight from morning to the evening in local standard time.
Check Automatic box to auto set your local time.
Resync Period (in minutes) is the periodic interval the router will wait before it re-synchronizes the
router’s time with that of the specified SNTP server. In order to avoid unnecessarily increasing the
load on your specified SNTP server you should keep the poll interval as high as possible – at the
absolute minimum every few hours or even days.
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Remote Access
To temporarily permit remote administration of the router (i.e. from outside your LAN), select a time
period the router will permit remote access for and click Enable. You may change other
configuration options for the web administration interface using Device Management options in
the Advanced section of the GUI.
If you wish to permanently enable remote access, choose a time period of 0 minutes. This setting
cannot be saved into flash when timer set to zero.
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Firmware Upgrade
Your router’s “firmware” is the software that allows it to operate and provides all its functionality.
Think of your router as a dedicated computer, and the firmware as the software it runs. Over time
this software may be improved and modified, and your router allows you to upgrade the software it
runs to take advantage of these changes.
Clicking on Browse will allow you to select the new firmware image file you have downloaded to
your PC. Once the correct file is selected, click Upgrade to update the firmware in your router.
DO NOT power down the router or interrupt the firmware upgrading while it is
still in process. Improper operation could damage the router.
Warning
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Backup / Restore
These functions allow you to save and backup your router’s current settings to a file on your PC, or
to restore a previously saved backup. This is useful if you wish to experiment with different settings,
knowing that you have a backup handy in the case of any mistakes. It is advisable to backup your
router’s settings before making any significant changes to your router’s configuration.
Press Backup to select where on your local PC to save the settings file. You may also change the
name of the file when saving if you wish to keep multiple backups.
Press Browse to select a file from your PC to restore. You should only restore settings files that
have been generated by the Backup function, and that were created when using the current
version of the router’s firmware. Settings files saved to your PC should not be manually
edited in any way.
After selecting the settings file you wish to use, pressing Restore will load those settings into the
router.
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Restart Router
Click Restart with option Current Settings to reboot your router (and restore your last saved
configuration).
If you wish to restart the router using the factory default settings (for example, after a firmware
upgrade or if you have saved an incorrect configuration), select Factory Default Settings to reset
to factory default settings.
You may also reset your router to factory settings by holding the small Reset pinhole button on the
back of your router in for 10-12 seconds whilst the router is turned on.
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User Management
In order to prevent unauthorized access to your router’s configuration interface, it requires all users
to login with a password. You can set up multiple user accounts, each with their own password.
You are able to Edit existing users and Create new users who are able to access the device’s
configuration interface. Once you have clicked on Edit, you are shown the following options:
You can change the user’s password, whether their account is active and Valid, as well as add a
comment to each user account. These options are the same when creating a user account, with
the exception that once created you cannot change the username. You cannot delete the default
admin account, however you can delete any other created accounts by clicking Delete when
editing the user.
You are strongly advised to change the password on the default “admin” account when you
receive your router, and any time you reset your configuration to Factory Defaults.
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Firewall and Access Control
Your router includes a full SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) firewall for controlling Internet access from
your LAN, as well as helping to prevent attacks from hackers. In addition to this, when using NAT
(Network Address Translation. Please see the WAN configuration section for more details on NAT) the
router acts as a “natural” Internet firewall, as all PCs on your LAN will use private IP addresses that
cannot be directly accessed from the Internet.
Firewall: Prevents access from outside your network. The router provides three levels of security
support:
NAT natural firewall: This masks LAN users’ IP addresses which are invisible to outside users on the
Internet, making it much more difficult for a hacker to target a machine on your network. This natural
firewall is on when NAT function is enabled.
When using Virtual Servers your PCs will be exposed to the degree
specified in your Virtual Server settings provided the ports specified are
opened in your firewall packet filter settings.
Firewall Security and Policy (General Settings): Inbound direction of Packet Filter rules to prevent
unauthorized computers or applications accessing your local network from the Internet.
Intrusion Detection: Enable Intrusion Detection to detect, prevent and log malicious attacks.
Access Control: Prevents access from PCs on your local network:
Firewall Security and Policy (General Settings): Outbound direction of Packet Filter rules to prevent
unauthorized computers or applications accessing the Internet.
URL Filter: To block PCs on your local network from unwanted websites.
You can find six items under the Firewall section: General Settings, Packet Filter, Intrusion
Detection, URL Filter and Firewall Log.
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General Settings
You can choose not to enable Firewall, to add all filter rules by yourself, or enable the Firewall
using preset filter rules and modify the port filter rules as required. The Packet Filter is used to filter
packets based-on Applications (Port) or IP addresses.
There are four options when you enable the Firewall, they are:
ꢁ
ꢁ
All blocked/User-defined: no pre-defined port or address filter rules by default, meaning that
all inbound (Internet to LAN) and outbound (LAN to Internet) packets will be blocked. Users
have to add their own filter rules for further access to the Internet.
High/Medium/Low security level: the predefined port filter rules for High, Medium and Low
security are displayed in Port Filters of Packet Filter.
Select either High, Medium or Low security level to enable the Firewall. The only difference
between these three security levels is the preset port filter rules in the Packet Filter. Firewall
functionality is the same for all levels; it is only the list of preset port filters that changes between
each setting. For more detailed on level of preset port filter information, refer to Table 1:
Predefined Port Filter.
If you choose of the preset security levels and then add custom filters, you may temporarily disable
the firewall and recover your custom filter settings by re-selecting the same security level.
The “Block WAN Request” is a stand-alone function and not relate to whether security enable or
disable. Mostly it is for preventing any scan tools from WAN site by hacker.
Any remote user who is attempting to perform this action may result in blocking
all the accesses to configure and manage of the device from the Internet.
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Packet Filter
This function is only available when the Firewall is enabled and one of these four security levels is
chosen (All blocked, High, Medium and Low). The predefined port filter rules in the Packet Filter
must modify accordingly to the level of Firewall, which is selected. See Table1: Predefined Port
Filter for more detailed information.
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Example: Predefined Port Filters Rules
The predefined port filter rules for High, Medium and Low security levels are listed. See Table 1.
(Note: Firewall – All Blocked/User-defined, you must define and create the port filter rules
yourself. No predefined rule is set)
Table 1: Predefined Port Filter
Port Number
Firewall - High
Firewall - Medium
Firewall – Low
Application Protocol
Start
80
End Inbound Outbound Inbound Outbound Inbound Outbound
HTTP(80) TCP(6)
DNS (53) UDP(17)
80
53
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
53
53
DNS (53)
FTP(21)
TCP(6)
TCP(6)
53
21
21
Telnet(23) TCP(6)
SMTP(25) TCP(6)
POP3(110) TCP(6)
23
23
NO
NO
25
25
YES
YES
NO
NO
110
119
110
119
NO
NEWS(119) TCP(6)
RealAudio
NO
UDP(17) 7070 7070
NO
YES
NO
(7070)
PING
ICMP(1)
N/A
N/A
YES
NO
H.323(1720) TCP(6)
T.120(1503) TCP(6)
1720 1720
1503 1503
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
SSH(22)
TCP(6)
22
22
NO
NTP(123) UDP(17)
HTTPS(443) TCP(6)
ICQ (5190) TCP(6)
123
443
123
443
YES
NO
NO
5190 5190
NO
YES
Inbound: Internet to LAN
Outbound: LAN to Internet.
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Packet Filter – Add TCP/UDP Filter
Rule Name: A user-defined name for identifying the application.
Time Schedule: It is self-defined time period. You may specify a time schedule for your
prioritization policy. For setup and detail, refer to Time Schedule section
Source IP Address(es) / Destination IP Address(es): This is the Address-Filter used to allow or
block traffic to/from particular IP address(es). Selecting the Subnet Mask of the IP address range
you wish to allow/block the traffic to or form; set IP address and Subnet Mask to 0.0.0.0 to inactive
the Address-Filter rule.
Tip: To block access,. to/from a single IP address, enter that IP address as the Host IP Address
and use a Host Subnet Mask of “255.255.255.255”.
Type: It is the packet protocol type used by the application, select either TCP or UDP.
Source Port: This Port or Port Ranges defines the port allowed to be used by the Remote/WAN to
connect to the application. Default is set from range 0 ~ 65535. It is recommended that this option
be configured by an advanced user.
Destination Port: This is the Port or Port Ranges that defines the application.
Inbound / Outbound: Select Allow or Block the access to the Internet (“Outbound”) or from the
Internet (“Inbound”).
Click Apply button to apply your changes.
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Packet Filter – Add Raw IP Filter
Rule Name: A user-defined name for identifying the rule.
Time Schedule: It is self-defined time period. You may specify a time schedule for your
prioritization policy. For setup and detail, refer to Time Schedule section
Protocol Number: Insert the port number, i.e. GRE 47.
Inbound / Outbound: Select Allow or Block the access to the Internet (“Outbound”) or from the
Internet (“Inbound”).
Click Apply button to apply your changes.
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Example: Configuring your firewall to allow for a publicly accessible web server on your LAN
The predefined port filter rule for HTTP (TCP port 80) is the same no matter whether the firewall is set to
a high, medium or low security level. To setup a web server located on the local network when the
firewall is enabled, you have to configure the Port Filters setting for HTTP.
As you can see from the diagram below, when the firewall is enabled with one of the three presets
(Low/Medium/High), inbound HTTP access is not allowed which means remote access through HTTP to
your router is not allowed.
(Note: Inbound indicates accessing from Internet to LAN and Outbound is from LAN to the Internet)
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Configuring Packet Filter:
1. Click Port Filters. You will then be presented with the predefined port filter rules screen (in this
case for the low security level), shown below:
Note: You may click Edit the predefined rule instead of Delete it. This is an example to show to
how you add a filter on your own.
Click Delete
2. Click Delete to delete the existing HTTP rule.
3. Click Add TCP/UDP Filter.
Click Add TCP/UDP Filter
4. Input the Rule Name, Time Schedule, Source/Destination IP, Type, Source/Destination Port,
Inbound and Outbound.
Example:
Application: Cindy_HTTP
Time Schedule: Always On
Source / Destination IP Address(es): 0.0.0.0 (I do not wish to active the address-filter, instead I
use the port-filter)
Type: TCP (Please refer to Table1: Predefined Port Filter)
Source Port: 0-65535 (I allow all ports to connect with the application))
Redirect Port: 80-80 (This is Port defined for HTTP)
Inbound / Outbound: Allow
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5. The new port filter rule for HTTP is shown below:
7. Configure your Virtual Server (“port forwarding”) settings so that incoming HTTP requests on port 80
will be forwarded to the PC running your web server:
Note: For how to configure the HTTP in Virtual Server, go to Add Virtual Server in Virtual
Server section for more details.
.
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Intrusion Detection
The router’s Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used to detect hacker attacks and intrusion
attempts from the Internet. If the IDS function of the firewall is enabled, inbound packets are
filtered and blocked depending on whether they are detected as possible hacker attacks, intrusion
attempts or other connections that the router determines to be suspicious.
Blacklist: If the router detects a possible attack, the source IP or destination IP address will be
added to the Blacklist. Any further attempts using this IP address will be blocked for the time
period specified as the Block Duration. The default setting for this function is false (disabled).
Some attack types are denied immediately without using the Blacklist function, such as Land
attack and Echo/CharGen scan.
Intrusion Detection: If enabled, IDS will block Smurf attack attempts. Default is false.
Block Duration:
ꢁ
ꢁ
Victim Protection Block Duration: This is the duration for blocking Smurf attacks.
Default value is 600 seconds.
Scan Attack Block Duration: This is the duration for blocking hosts that attempt a
possible Scan attack. Scan attack types include X’mas scan, IMAP SYN/FIN scan and
similar attempts. Default value is 86400 seconds.
ꢁ
DoS Attack Block Duration: This is the duration for blocking hosts that attempt a
possible Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Possible DoS attacks this attempts to block
include Ascend Kill and WinNuke. Default value is 1800 seconds.
Max TCP Open Handshaking Count: This is a threshold value to decide whether a SYN Flood
attempt is occurring or not. Default value is 100 TCP SYN per seconds.
Max PING Count: This is a threshold value to decide whether an ICMP Echo Storm is occurring or
not. Default value is 15 ICMP Echo Requests (PING) per second.
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Max ICMP Count: This is a threshold to decide whether an ICMP flood is occurring or not. Default
value is 100 ICMP packets per seconds except ICMP Echo Requests (PING).
For SYN Flood, ICMP Echo Storm and ICMP flood, IDS will just warn the user in the Event Log. It
cannot protect against such attacks.
Table 2: Hacker attack types recognized by the IDS
Type of Block
Intrusion Name
Ascend Kill
Detect Parameter Blacklist
Drop Packet
Show Log
Duration
Ascend Kill data
TCP
Src IP
DoS
Yes
Yes
WinNuke
Port 135, 137~139, Src IP
Flag: URG
DoS
Yes
Yes
ICMP type 8
Dst IP
Victim
Protection
Smurf
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Des IP is broadcast
Land attack
SrcIP = DstIP
UDP Echo Port and
CharGen Port
Echo/CharGen Scan
UDP Dst Port =
Echo Scan
Src IP
Scan
Yes
Yes
Echo(7)
UDP Dst Port =
CharGen(19)
TCP Flag: X’mas
CharGen Scan
Src IP
Scan
Scan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
X’mas Tree Scan
Src IP
TCP Flag: SYN/FIN
DstPort: IMAP(143) Src IP
SrcPort: 0 or 65535
IMAP
SYN/FIN Scan
Scan
Yes
Yes
TCP,
SYN/FIN/RST/ACK No Existing session
Src IP
Scan
Yes
Yes
Scan
And Scan Hosts
more than five.
TCP
No Existing session
DstPort = Net Bus
12345,12346, 3456
UDP, DstPort =
Orifice Port (31337)
Max TCP Open
Handshaking Count
(Default 100 c/sec)
Net Bus Scan
SrcIP
SrcIP
Scan
Scan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Back Orifice Scan
SYN Flood
Yes
Yes
Max ICMP Count
(Default 100 c/sec)
Max PING Count
(Default 15 c/sec)
ICMP Flood
ICMP Echo
Yes
Yes
Src IP: Source IP
Dst Port: Destination Port
Src Port: Source Port
Dst IP: Destination IP
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URL Filter
http://www.example.com) filter rules allow you to prevent users on your network from accessing
particular websites by their URL. There are no pre-defined URL filter rules; you can add filter rules
to meet your requirements.
Enable/Disable: To enable or disable URL Filter feature.
Block Mode: A list of the modes that you can choose to check the URL filter rules. The default is
set to Disabled.
ꢁDisabled: No action will be performed by the Block Mode.
ꢁAlways On: Action is enabled. URL filter rules will be monitoring and checking at all hours
of the day.
ꢁTimeSlot1 ~ TimeSlot16: It is self-defined time period. You may specify the time period to
check the URL filter rules, i.e. during working hours. For setup and detail, refer to Time
Schedule section.
Keywords Filtering: Allows blocking by specific keywords within a particular URL rather than
having to specify a complete URL (e.g. to block any image called “advertisement.gif”). When
enabled, your specified keywords list will be checked to see if any keywords are present in URLs
accessed to determine if the connection attempt should be blocked. Please note that the URL filter
blocks web browser (HTTP) connection attempts using port 80 only.
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“abcde” occurs in the URL.
Domains Filtering: This function checks the domain name only, not the IP address, in URLs
accessed against your list of domains to block or allow. If it is matched, the URL request will be
sent (Trusted) or dropped (Forbidden). For this function to be activated, both check-boxes must be
checked. The checking procedure is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Check the domain in the URL to determine if it is in the trusted list. If yes, the
connection attempt is sent to the remote web server.
If not, check if it is listed in the forbidden list, and if present then the connection attempt
is dropped.
If the packet does not match either of the above two items, it is sent to the remote web
server.
Please be note that the domain only should be specified, not the full URL. For example
www.sex.com will be dropped, because sex.com is in the forbidden list.
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Restrict URL Features: This function enhances the restriction to your URL rules.
Example: Andy wishes to disable all WEB traffic except for ones listed in the trusted domain,
which would prevent Bobby from accessing other web sites.
Andy selects both functions in the Domain Filtering and thinks that it will stop Bobby. But Bobby
knows this function, Domain Filtering, ONLY disables all WEB traffic except for Trusted Domain,
BUT not its IP address. If this is the situation, Block surfing by IP address function can be
handy and helpful to Andy. Now, Andy can prevent Bobby from accessing other sites.
ꢁBlock Java Applet: This function can block Web content that includes the Java Applet. It is to
prevent someone who wants to damage your system via standard HTTP protocol.
ꢁBlock surfing by IP address: Preventing someone who uses the IP address as URL for
skipping Domains Filtering function. Activates only and if Domain Filtering enabled.
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Firewall Log
Firewall Log display log information of any unexpected action with your firewall settings.
Check the Enable box to activate the logs.
Log information can be seen in the Status – Event Log after enabling.
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VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
VoIP enables telephone calls through existing Internet connection instead of going through the PSTN
(Public Switched Telephone Network). It is not only cost-effective, especially for a long distance
telephone charges, but also toll-quality voice calls over the Internet.
After completing VoIP configuration, remember to apply the changes, SAVE
CONFIG and restart to activate your VoIP.
There are four items within the VoIP section: Wizard, General Settings, Phone Configuration and
PSTN Dial Plan.
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Wizard
This section provides easy setup for your VoIP service. Phone port 1 and 2 can be
registered to different SIP Service Provider.
Voice QoS
DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), it is the first 6 bits in the ToS byte. DSCP
Marking allows users to classify traffic based on DSCP value and send packets to next Router.
Setting for Phone Port 1
SIP Service Provider: This section allows you to select the service provider. When the selection
is done, respective parameters below are automatically displayed.
Phone Number: This parameter holds the registration ID of the user within the SIP registrar.
Authentication Username: Same as Phone Number.
Authentication Password: This parameter holds the password used for authentication within
SIP registrar.
Setting for Phone Port 2
Please refer to the description of “Setting for Phone Port 1”.
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General Configuration
This section contains the basic settings for the VoIP module. Fail to provide correct
information will halt making calls out to the Internet.
SIP Device Parameters
SIP: To use SIP as VoIP call signaling protocol.
RTP Port: Provide the based value from the media (RTP) ports that are assigned for various
endpoints and the different call sessions that may exist within an end-point. (Range from 5100 to
65535, default value is 5100)
Region: This selection is a drop-down box, which allows user to select the country for which the
VoIP device must work. When a country is selected, the country parameters are automatically
loaded.
Voice QoS, DSCP Marking: Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), it is the first 6 bits in
the ToS byte. DSCP Marking allows users to classify traffic based on DSCP value and send
packets to next Router.
Setting for Phone Port 1
Registrar Address(or Hostname): Indicate the SIP registrar IP address.
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Registrar Port: Specify the port of the SIP registrar on which it will listen for register requests
from VoIP device.
Expire: Expire time for the registration message sending.
User Domain/Realm: Set different domain name for the SIP proxy server.
Outbound Proxy Address: Indicate the SIP outbound proxy server IP address. This parameter
is very useful when VoIP device is behind a NAT.
Outbound Proxy Port: Specify the port of the SIP outbound proxy on which it will listen for
messages.
Setting for Phone Port 2
Please refer to the description of “Setting for Phone Port 1”.
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Phone Configuration
This section displays status and allows you to edit the account information of your Phones.
Click Edit to update your phone information.
Login Account Configuration
Phone Number: This parameter holds the registration ID of the user within the SIP registrar.
Authentication Username: Same as Phone Number.
Authentication Password: This parameter holds the password used for authentication within SIP
registrar.
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Confirm Password: Re-enter the password for confirmation.
Display Name: This parameter will be appeared on the Caller ID.
Codec Preference
Codec is known as Coder-Decoder used for data signal conversion. Set the priority of voice
compression; Priority 1 owns the top priority.
G.711µ-LAW: It is a basic non-compressed encoder and decoder technique. µ-LAW uses pulse
code modulation (PCM) encoder and decoder to convert 14-bit linear sample. 64kbps bandwidth
is needed.
G.711A-LAW: It is a basic non-compressed encoder and decoder technique. µ-LAW uses pulse
code modulation (PCM) encoder and decoder to convert 13-bit linear sample. 64kbps bandwidth
is needed.
G.729: it is used to encoder and decoder voice information into a single packet which reduces the
bandwidth consumption. 8kbps bandwidth is needed.
Note: Codec priority is assigned in the order as G.729 > G.711µ-LAW > G.711A-LAW
Speed Dial
It is for you to store frequently used telephone numbers which you can press number from 0 to 9 and the
pound sign (#) to activate this function. For example, speed dial to phone number lists on 9, just press 9
then #. Your router will automatically call out to number listed on entry 9.
Indicate remote user’s IP address or domain name if this remote user does not register in the SIP server.
If remote user is registered in the SIP server, this field is related to the SIP server’s IP / Domain name.
For examples:
If your friend Tim gives you a SIP URL as sip: 89755@192.246.69.223 then you can fill in as
If your friend Felix gives you a SIP URL as sip: felix@iptel.org then you can fill in as felix@iptel.org.
If your friend Greg gives you an IP address "192.246.56.56" only, then you can fill in as
“192.246.56.56”. In case, some of users may use DDNS, you can fill in with domain name as well.
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PSTN Dial Plan (7402VGP only)
This section enables you to configure “VoIP with PSTN switching” on your system. You
can define a range of dial plans that specify the numbers that are connected to the PSTN.
If the number dialed matches a number defined in the dial plan, then the number is routed
to the PSTN. Otherwise, the number is routed to the VoIP network.
Prefix: Specify the numbers that are connected to the PSTN.
Number of Digits: The number of other digits to be collected before dialing.
Action:
ꢁDial with Prefix: Dial the entire dialed number including the prefix.
ꢁDial without Prefix: Dial only the Number of Digits and not the prefix.
ꢁDial at Timeout: Dial the digits collected so far after a timeout. (The timeout starts when no
more digits have been dialed for a specific amount of time).
For Example:
Means that if the user dials 01223 707070, the number 01223 707070 is dialed on the PSTN.
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Means that if the user dials 9102, the number 102 is dialed on the PSTN.
Means that if the user dials 01223 7070 and dials no further numbers, then after the timeout has
expired the number will be dialed on the PSTN - even though six digits have not been dialed. The
user can dial a maximum number of six digits and the number will be dialed after the timeout.
The following situation will make phone port 1 and 2 relay to PSTN line
automatically.
-
-
-
Power down
Internet Service fail
SIP service is not available
Attention
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Special dial codes
The following table lists the special dial codes that are built-in to the system:
Option
Description
Switch to PSTN line
Flash-hook
Note: A quick press of the hook. On some phones a button is provided
which provides Flash-hook functionality. The button is marked "FLASH"
or "RECALL".
(7402VGP only)
Return the last missed call for SIP service only
*69
##
Note: Entering this on a phone will call the last number which made a
call to the phone. For example A makes a call to B, but hangs up before
B answers. If B enters *69, A will be called.
Last number redial
Set do not disturb on
Note: It is possible to set a Do-Not-Disturb feature on a phone such that
any phone which calls the phone will receive an engaged tone and the
phone called will not ring. For example, B enters *20 and hangs up. A
makes a call to B, and receives the engaged tone and phone B does not
ring.
*20
*80
Set do not disturb off
Set the number for Speeddial code ‘x’, where ‘x’ is a number
between 2 and 9.
Note: Where <x> is a number between 2 and 9, and <number> is the
number to dial. The code needed to dial a speeddial from a phone
connected to a VoIP Router is:
*74<x><number>#
<x>#, where <x> is a number between 2 and 9.
The settings will infect to your setting in Speed Dial on WEB GUI.
Set the number for performing Blind Call Transfer, where
<phone-number> is the number that you wish to transfer the
call to. It’s for SIP service only.
Note: In Blind Call Transfer, you have a call in progress (incoming or
outgoing) and decide you wish to transfer the call to another phone. To
transfer the call, perform the following steps:
*90<phone-number>
1. Hook-flash to get a dial tone.
2. Dial *90<phone-number> (e.g. *907401), there will be a confirmation
tone then hang up. The other end will hear ring back and the called third-
party phone will ring. When the third-party phone is picked up the two
calls will be connected.
If the third-party phone does not answer then the caller being transferred
can hang up to cancel the connect attempt.
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QoS (Quality of Service)
QoS function helps you to control your network traffic for each application from LAN (Ethernet and/or
Wireless) to WAN (Internet). It facilitates you to control the different quality and speed of through put for
each application when the system is running with full loading of upstream.
You can find three items under the QoS section: Prioritization and Outbound / Inbound IP Throttling
(bandwidth management).
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Prioritization
There are three priority settings to be provided in the Router:
ꢁ High
ꢁ Normal (The default is normal priority for all of traffic without setting)
ꢁ Low
And the balances of utilization for each priority are High (60%), Normal (30%) and Low (10%).
Application: A user-define description to identify this new policy/application.
Time Schedule: Scheduling your prioritization policy.
Priority: The priority given to each policy/application. Its default setting is set to High; you may
adjust this setting to fit your policy/application.
Protocol: The name of supported protocol.
Source Port: The source port of packets to be monitored.
Destination Port: The destination port of packets to be monitored.
Source IP Address Range: The source IP address or range of packets to be monitored.
Destination IP address Range: The destination IP address or range of packets to be monitored.
DSCP Marking: Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), it is the first 6 bits in the ToS byte.
DSCP Marking allows users to classify traffic based on DSCP value and send packets to next
Router. See Table 4. Here is the DSCP Mapping Table:
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Table 4: DSCP Mapping Table
DSCP Mapping Table
(Wireless) ADSL Router
Standard DSCP
None
Disabled
Best Effort
Best Effort (000000)
Express Forwarding (101110)
Class 1, Gold (001010)
Class 1, Silver (001100)
Class 1, Bronze (001110)
Class 2, Gold (010010)
Class 2, Silver (010100)
Class 2, Bronze (010110)
Class 3, Gold (011010)
Class 3, Silver (011100)
Class 3, Bronze (011110)
Premium
Gold service (L)
Gold service (M)
Gold service (H)
Silver service (L)
Silver service (M)
Silver service (H)
Bronze service (L)
Bronze service (M)
Bronze service (H)
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Outbound IP Throttling (LAN to WAN)
IP Throttling allows you to limit the speed of IP traffic. The value entered will limit the speed of the
application that you set to the specified value’s multiple of 32kbps.
Application: A user-define description to identify this new policy/application.
Time Schedule: Scheduling your prioritization policy. Refer to Time Schedule for more
information.
Protocol: The name of supported protocol.
Source Port: The source port of packets to be monitored.
Destination Port: The destination port of packets to be monitored.
Source IP Address Range: The source IP address or range of packets to be monitored.
Destination IP address Range: The destination IP address or range of packets to be monitored.
Outbound Rate Limit: To limit the speed of outbound traffic
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Inbound IP Throttling (WAN to LAN)
IP Throttling allows you to limit the speed of IP traffic. The value entered will limit the speed of the
application that you set to the specified value’s multiple of 32kbps.
Application: A user-define description to identify this new policy/application.
Time Schedule: Scheduling your prioritization policy. Refer to Time Schedule for more
information.
Protocol: The name of supported protocol.
Source Port: The source port of packets to be monitored.
Destination Port: The destination port of packets to be monitored.
Source IP Address Range: The source IP address or range of packets to be monitored.
Destination IP address Range: The destination IP address or range of packets to be monitored.
Inbound Rate Limit: To limit the speed of for inbound traffic.
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Example: QoS for your Network
Connection Diagram
VoIP
Normal PCs
Restricted
Information and Settings
Upstream: 928 kbps
Downstream: 8 Mbps
VoIP User
: 192.168.1.1
Normal Users : 192.168.1.2~192.168.1.5
Restricted User: 192.168.1.100
Throughput
500
400
VoIP/VPN
HIGH
300
kbps
200
Others
NORMAL
Restricted
LOW
100
0
VoIP/VPN
HIGH
Others
NORMAL
Restricted
LOW
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Mission-critical application
The mission-critical application must be sent out smoothly without any dropping. Set priority as high level
for preventing any other applications to saturate the bandwidth.
Voice application
Voice is latency-sensitive application. Most VoIP devices are use SIP protocol and the port number will
be assigned by SIP module automatically. Better to use fixed IP address for catching VoIP packets as
high priority.
Above settings will help to improve quality of your VoIP service when traffic is full loading.
Restricted Application
Some of companies will setup FTP server for customer downloading or home user sharing their files by
using FTP.
With above settings that help to limit utilization of upstream of FTP. Time schedule also help you to only
limit utilization at daytime.
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Advanced setting by using IP throttling
With IP throttling you can specify more detail for allocating bandwidth; even the applications are located
in the same level.
Upstream: 928kbps (29*32kbps)
Mission-critical Application: 192kbps (6*32kbps)
Voice Application: 128kbps (4*32kbps)
Restricted Application: 160kbps (5*32kbps)
Other Applications: 448kbps (14*32kbps)
6+4+14+5=29, 29*32kbps=928kbps
Sometime your customers or friends may upload their files to your FTP server and that will saturate your
downstream bandwidth. The settings below help you to limit bandwidth for the restricted application.
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Virtual Server (“Port Forwarding”)
In TCP/IP and UDP networks a port is a 16-bit number used to identify which application program
(usually a server) incoming connections should be delivered to. Some ports have numbers that are pre-
assigned to them by the IANA (the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), and these are referred to as
“well-known ports”. Servers follow the well-known port assignments so clients can locate them.
If you wish to run a server on your network that can be accessed from the WAN (i.e. from other
machines on the Internet that are outside your local network), or any application that can accept
incoming connections (e.g. Peer-to-peer/P2P software such as instant messaging applications and P2P
file-sharing applications) and are using NAT (Network Address Translation), then you will usually need to
configure your router to forward these incoming connection attempts using specific ports to the PC on
your network running the application. You will also need to use port forwarding if you want to host an
online game server.
The reason for this is that when using NAT, your publicly accessible IP address will be used by and point
to your router, which then needs to deliver all traffic to the private IP addresses used by your PCs.
Please see the WAN configuration section of this manual for more information on NAT.
The device can be configured as a virtual server so that remote users accessing services such as Web
or FTP services via the public (WAN) IP address can be automatically redirected to local servers in the
LAN network. Depending on the requested service (TCP/UDP port number), the device redirects the
external service request to the appropriate server within the LAN network
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Add Virtual Server
Because NAT can act as a “natural” Internet firewall, your router protects your network from being
accessed by outside users when using NAT, as all incoming connection attempts will point to your
router unless you specifically create Virtual Server entries to forward those ports to a PC on your
network.
When your router needs to allow outside users to access internal servers, e.g. a web server, FTP
server, Email server or game server, the router can act as a “virtual server”. You can set up a local
server with a specific port number for the service to use, e.g. web/HTTP (port 80), FTP (port 21),
Telnet (port 23), SMTP (port 25), or POP3 (port 110), When an incoming access request to the
router for a specified port is received, it will be forwarded to the corresponding internal server.
Time Schedule: A self-defined time period to enable your virtual server. You may specify a time
schedule or Always on for the usage of this Virtual Server Entry. For setup and detail, refer to
Time Schedule section
Application: Users-define description to identify this entry or click
to select existing
predefined rules.
: 20 predefined rules are available. Click the Radio button to select the rule;
Application, Protocol and External/Redirect Ports will be filled after the selection.
Protocol: It is the supported protocol for the virtual server. In addition to specifying the port
number to be used, you will also need to specify the protocol used. The protocol used is
determined by the particular application. Most applications will use TCP or UDP.
External Port: The Port number on the Remote/WAN side used when accessing the virtual server.
Redirect Port: The Port number used by the Local server in the LAN network.
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Internal IP Address: The private IP in the LAN network, which will be providing the virtual server
application.
List all existing PCs connecting to the network. You may assign a PC
with IP address and MAC from this list.
Example:
If you like to remote accessing your Router through the Web/HTTP at all time, you would need to
enable port number 80 (Web/HTTP) and map to Router’s IP Address. Then all incoming HTTP
requests from you (Remote side) will be forwarded to the Router with IP address of 192.168.1.254.
Since port number 80 has already been predefined, next to the Application click Helper. A list of
predefined rules window will pop and select HTTP_Sever.
Application: HTTP_Sever
Time Schedule: Always On
Protocol: tcp
External Port: 80-80
Redirect Port: 80-80
IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Edit: Click it to edit this virtual server application.
Delete: Click it to delete this virtual server application.
Using port forwarding does have security implications, as outside users will be able to
connect to PCs on your network. For this reason you are advised to use specific
Virtual Server entries just for the ports your application requires, instead of using
DMZ. As doing so will result in all connections from the WAN attempt to access to
your public IP of the DMZ PC specified.
If you have disabled the NAT option in the WAN-ISP section, the Virtual Server
function will hence be invalid.
If the DHCP server option is enabled, you have to be very careful in assigning the IP
addresses of the virtual servers in order to avoid conflicts. The easiest way of
configuring Virtual Servers is to manually assign static IP address to each virtual
server PC, with an address that does not fall into the range of IP addresses that are
to be issued by the DHCP server. You can configure the virtual server IP address
manually, but it must still be in the same subnet as the router.
Attention
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Edit DMZ Host
The DMZ Host is a local computer exposed to the Internet. When setting a particular internal IP
address as the DMZ Host, all incoming packets will be checked by the Firewall and NAT
algorithms then passed to the DMZ host, when a packet received does not use a port number
used by any other Virtual Server entries.
Cautious: This Local computer exposing to the Internet may face varies of security risks.
ꢁDisabled: As set in default setting, it disables the DMZ function.
ꢁEnabled: It activates your DMZ function.
Internal IP Address: Give a static IP address to the DMZ Host when Enabled radio button is
checked. Be aware that this IP will be exposed to the WAN/Internet.
Listed all existing PCs connecting to the network. You may assign a PC with IP
address and MAC from this list.
Select the Apply button to apply your changes.
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Edit One-to-One NAT (Network Address Translation)
One-to-One NAT maps a specific private/local IP address to a global/public IP address.
If you have multiple public/WAN IP addresses from you ISP, you are eligible for One-to-One NAT
to utilize these IP addresses.
NAT Type: Select desired NAT type. As set in default setting, it disables the One-to-One NAT
function.
Global IP Address:
ꢁSubnet: The subnet of the public/WAN IP address given by your ISP. If your ISP has
provided this information, you may insert it here. Otherwise, use IP Range method.
ꢁIP Range: The IP address range of your public/WAN IP addresses. For example, IP:
192.168.1.1, end IP: 192.168.1.10
Select the Apply button to apply your changes.
Check
to create a new One-to-One NAT rule:
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Time Schedule: A self-defined time period to enable your virtual server. You may specify a time
schedule or Always on for the usage of this Virtual Server Entry. For setup and detail, refer to
Time Schedule section
Application: Users-defined description to identify this entry or click
to select existing
predefined rules.
: 20 predefined rules are available. Click the Radio button to select the rule;
Application, Protocol and External/Redirect Ports will be filled after the selection.
Protocol: It is the supported protocol for the virtual server. In addition to specifying the port
number to be used, you will also need to specify the protocol used. The protocol used is
determined by the particular application. Most applications will use TCP or UDP;
Global IP: Define a public/ WAN IP address for this Application to use. This Global IP address
must be defined in the Global IP Address.
External Port: The Port number on the Remote/WAN side used when accessing the virtual server.
Redirect Port: The Port number used by the Local server in the LAN network.
Internal IP Address: The private IP in the LAN network, which will be providing the virtual server
application.
List all existing PCs connecting to the network. You may assign a PC
with IP address and MAC from this list.
Select the Apply button to apply your changes.
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Example: List of some well-known and registered port numbers.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique
parameter values for Internet protocols. Port numbers range from 0 to 65535, but only ports numbers 0
to 1023 are reserved for privileged services and are designated as “well-known ports” (Please refer to
Table 5). The registered ports are numbered from 1024 through 49151. The remaining ports, referred
to as dynamic or private ports, are numbered from 49152 through 65535.
For further information, please see IANA’s website at: http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
For help on determining which private port numbers are used by common applications on this list, please
see the FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) at: http://www.billion.com
Table 5: Well-known and registered Ports
Port Number Protocol
Description
20
21
TCP
FTP Data
TCP
FTP Control
22
TCP & UDP
TCP
SSH Remote Login Protocol
23
Telnet
25
TCP
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
53
TCP & UDP
UDP
DNS (Domain Name Server)
69
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
80
TCP
World Wide Web HTTP
110
119
123
161
443
1503
1720
4000
7070
TCP
POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
TCP
NEWS (Network News Transfer Protocol)
UDP
NTP (Network Time Protocol)
TCP
SNMP
HTTPS
T.120
TCP & UDP
TCP
TCP
H.323
TCP
ICQ
UDP
RealAudio
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Time Schedule
The Time Schedule supports up to 16 time slots which helps you to manage your Internet connection. In
each time profile, you may schedule specific day(s) i.e. Monday through Sunday to restrict or allowing
the usage of the Internet by users or applications.
This Time Schedule correlates closely with router’s time, since router does not have a real time clock on
board; it uses the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) to get the current time from an SNTP server
from the Internet. Refer to Time Zone for details. You router time should correspond with your local
time. If the time is not set correctly, your Time Schedule will not function properly.
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Configuration of Time Schedule
Edit a Time Slot
1. Choose any Time Slot (ID 1 to ID 16) to edit, click Edit.
Click Edit
Note: Watch it carefully, the days you have selected will present in capital letter. Lower case
letter shows the day(s) is not selected, and no rule will apply on this day(s).
2. A detailed setting of this Time Slot will be shown.
ID: This is the index of the time slot.
Name: A user-define description to identify this time portfolio.
Day: The default is set from Monday through Friday. You may specify the days for the schedule to
be applied.
Start Time: The default is set at 8:00 AM. You may specify the start time of the schedule.
End Time: The default is set at 18:00 (6:00PM). You may specify the end time of the schedule.
Select the Apply button to apply your changes.
Delete a Time Slot
Click Clear to delete the existing Time profile, i.e. erase the Day and back to default setting of
Start Time / End Time.
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Advanced
Configuration options within the Advanced section are for users who wish to take advantage of the
more advanced features of the router. Users who do not understand the features should not attempt to
reconfigure their router, unless advised to do so by support staff.
There are four items within the Advanced section: Static Route, Dynamic DNS, Check Email, Device
Management and IGMP.
Static Route
Click on Routing Table and then choose Create Route add a routing table.
Destination: This is the destination subnet IP address.
Netmask: Subnet mask of the destination IP addresses based on above destination subnet IP.
Gateway: This is the gateway IP address to which packets are to be forwarded.
Interface: Select the interface through which packets are to be forwarded.
Cost: This is the same meaning as Hop. This should usually be left at 1.
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Dynamic DNS
The Dynamic DNS function allows you to alias a dynamic IP address to a static hostname,
allowing users whose ISP does not assign them a static IP address to use a domain name. This is
especially useful for hosting servers via your ADSL connection, so that anyone wishing to connect
to you may use your domain name, rather than having to use your dynamic IP address, which
changes from time to time. This dynamic IP address is the WAN IP address of the router, which is
assigned to you by your ISP.
You will first need to register and establish an account with the Dynamic DNS provider using their
website, for example http://www.dyndns.org/
There are more than 5 DDNS services supported.
ꢁDisable: Check to disable the Dynamic DNS function.
ꢁEnable: Check to enable the Dynamic DNS function. The following fields will be activated
and required:
Dynamic DNS Server: Select the DDNS service you have established an account with.
Domain Name, Username and Password: Enter your registered domain name and your
username and password for this service.
Period: Set the time period between updates, for the Router to exchange information with the
DDNS server. In addition to updating periodically as per your settings, the router will perform an
update when your dynamic IP address changes.
Via WAN Interface: Decide which WAN interface you want to use for sending DDNS request.
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Check Email
This function allows you to have the router check your POP3 mailbox for new Email messages.
The Mail LED on your router will light when it detects new messages waiting for download. You
may also view the status of this function using the Status – Email Checking section of the web
interface, which also provides details on the number of new messages waiting. See the Status
section of this manual for more information.
ꢁDisable: Check to disable the router’s Email checking function.
ꢁEnable: Check to enable the routers Emailing checking function. The following fields will be
activated and required:
Account Name: Enter the name (login) of the POP3 account you wish to check.. Normally, it is the
text in your email address before the "@" symbol. If you have trouble with it, please contact your
ISP.
Password: Enter the account’s password.
POP3 Mail Server: Enter your (POP) mail server name. You Internet Service Provider (ISP) or
network administrator will be able to supply you with this.
Interval: Enter the value in minutes between periodic mail checks.
Automatically dial-out for checking emails: When the function is enabled, your ADSL router will
connect to your ISP automatically to check emails if your Internet connection dropped. Please be
careful when using this feature if your ADSL service is charged by time online.
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Device Management
The Device Management advanced configuration settings allow you to control your router’s
security options and device monitoring features.
Embedded Web Server
HTTP Port: This is the port number the router’s embedded web server (for web-based
configuration) will use. The default value is the standard HTTP port, 80. Users may specify an
alternative if, for example, they are running a web server on a PC within their LAN.
Management IP Address: You may specify an IP address allowed to logon and access the
router’s web server. Setting the IP address to 0.0.0.0 will disable IP address restrictions,
allowing users to login from any IP address.
Expire to auto-logout: Specify a time frame for the system to auto-logout the user’s
configuration session.
For Example: User A changes HTTP port number to 100, specifies their own IP address of
192.168.1.55, and sets the logout time to be 100 seconds. The router will only allow User A
access from the IP address 192.168.1.55 to logon to the Web GUI by typing:
logout User A.
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Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
UPnP offers peer-to-peer network connectivity for PCs and other network devices, along with
control and data transfer between devices. UPnP offers many advantages for users running
NAT routers through UPnP NAT Traversal, and on supported systems makes tasks such as port
forwarding much easier by letting the application control the required settings, removing the
need for the user to control advanced configuration of their device.
Both the user’s Operating System and the relevant application must support UPnP in addition to
the router. Windows XP and Windows Me natively support UPnP (when the component is
installed), and Windows 98 users may install the Internet Connection Sharing client from
Windows XP in order to support UPnP. Windows 2000 does not support UPnP.
ꢁDisable: Check to disable the router’s UPnP functionality.
ꢁEnable: Check to enable the router’s UPnP functionality.
UPnP Port: Its default setting is 2800. It is highly recommended for users to use this port
value. If this value conflicts with other ports already being used you may wish to change the
port.
SNMP Access Control (Software on a PC within the LAN is required in order to utilize this function) –
Simple Network Management Protocol.
SNMP V1 and V2:
Read Community: Specify a name to be identified as the Read Community, and an IP address.
This community string will be checked against the string entered in the configuration file. Once
the string name is matched, user obtains this IP address will be able to view the data.
Write Community: Specify a name to be identified as the Write Community, and an IP address.
This community string will be checked against the string entered in the configuration file. Once
the string name is matched, users from this IP address will be able to view and modify the data.
Trap Community: Specify a name to be identified as the Trap Community, and an IP address.
This community string will be checked against the string entered in the configuration file. Once
the string name is matched, users from this IP address will be sent SNMP Traps.
SNMP V3:
Specify a name and password for authentication. And define the access right from identified IP
address. Once the authentication has succeeded, users from this IP address will be able to view
and modify the data.
SNMP Version: SNMPv2c and SNMPv3
SNMPv2c is the combination of the enhanced protocol features of SNMPv2 without the SNMPv2
security. The "c" comes from the fact that SNMPv2c uses the SNMPv1 community string paradigm
for "security", but is widely accepted as the SNMPv2 standard.
SNMPv3 is a strong authentication mechanism, authorization with fine granularity for remote
monitoring.
Traps supported: Cold Start, Authentication Failure.
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The following MIBs are supported:
ꢂ
From RFC 1213 (MIB-II):
ꢃ
ꢃ
ꢃ
ꢃ
ꢃ
ꢃ
ꢃ
ꢄ
ꢃ
ꢃ
System group
Interfaces group
Address Translation group
IP group
ICMP group
TCP group
UDP group
EGP (not applicable)
Transmission
SNMP group
ꢂ
ꢂ
From RFC1650 (EtherLike-MIB):
dot3Stats
ꢃ
From RFC 1493 (Bridge MIB):
ꢃ
ꢃ
ꢃ
dot1dBase group
dot1dTp group
dot1dStp group (if configured as spanning tree)
ꢂ
ꢂ
From RFC 1471 (PPP/LCP MIB):
ꢃ
ꢄ
pppLink group
pppLqr group
From RFC 1472 (PPP/Security MIB):
PPP Security Group)
ꢃ
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ꢂ
ꢂ
ꢂ
ꢂ
ꢂ
From RFC 1473 (PPP/IP MIB):
PPP IP Group
ꢃ
From RFC 1474 (PPP/Bridge MIB):
PPP Bridge Group
ꢃ
From RFC1573 (IfMIB):
ifMIBObjects Group
ꢃ
From RFC1695 (atmMIB):
atmMIBObjects
ꢃ
From RFC 1907 (SNMPv2):
only snmpSetSerialNo OID
ꢃ
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IGMP
IGMP, known as Internet Group Management Protocol, is used to management hosts from
multicast group.
IGMP Forwarding: Accepting multicast packet. Default is set to Enable.
IGMP Snooping: Allowing switched Ethernet to check and make correct forwarding decisions.
Default is set to Enable
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Save Configuration to Flash
After changing the router’s configuration settings, you must save all of the configuration parameters to
FLASH to avoid them being lost after turning off or resetting your router. Click Save to write your new
configuration to FLASH.
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Logout
To exit the router’s web interface, choose Logout. Please ensure that you have saved the configuration
settings before you logout.
Be aware that the router is restricted to only one PC accessing the configuration web pages at a time.
Once a PC has logged into the web interface, other PCs cannot get access until the current PC has
logged out of the web interface. If the previous PC forgets to logout, the second PC can access the
page after a user-defined period, by default 3 minutes. You can modify this value using the Advanced –
Device Management section of the web interface. Please see the Advanced section of this manual for
more information.
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Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
If the router is not functioning properly, first check this chapter for simple troubleshooting before
contacting your service provider or Billion support.
Problems starting up the router
Problem
Corrective Action
None of the LEDs are
on when you turn on
the router.
Check the connection between the adapter and the router. If the error
persists, you may have a hardware problem. In this case you should
contact technical support.
You have forgotten
your router login
and/or password.
Try the default login and password, refer to Chapter 3. If this fails, you can
restore your router to its factory settings by holding the Reset button on the
back of your router more than 6 seconds.
Problems with the WAN Interface
Problem
Corrective Action
Initialization of the
PVC connection
(“linesync”) failed.
Ensure that the telephone cable is connected properly from the ADSL port
to the wall jack. The ADSL LED on the front panel of the router should be
on. Check that your VPI, VCI, encapsulation type and type of multiplexing
settings are the same as those provided by your ISP. Reboot the router
GE. If you still have problems, you may need to verify these settings with
your ISP.
Frequent loss of
ADSL linesync
(disconnections).
Ensure that all other devices connected to the same telephone line as your
router (e.g. telephones, fax machines, analogue modems) have a line filter
connected between them and the wall socket (unless you are using a
Central Splitter or Central Filter installed by a qualified and licensed
electrician), and ensure that all line filters are correctly installed and the
right way around. Missing line filters or line filters installed the wrong way
around can cause problems with your ADSL connection, including causing
frequent disconnections.
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Problems with the LAN Interface
Problem Corrective Action
Can’t ping any PCs on Check the Ethernet LEDs on the front panel. The LED should be on for a
the LAN.
port that has a PC connected. If it is off, check the cables between your
router and the PC. Make sure you have uninstalled any software firewall
for troubleshooting.
Verify that the IP address and the subnet mask are consistent between the
router and the workstations.
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APPENDIX A: Product Support and Contact
Information
Most problems can be solved by referring to the Troubleshooting section in the User’s Manual. If you
cannot resolve the problem with the Troubleshooting chapter, please contact the dealer where you
purchased this product.
Contact Billion
AUSTRALIA
©2005 Billion Electric Co., Ltd. PC Range P/L. All Rights Reserved.
WORLDWIDE
Mac OS is a registered Trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows Me and Windows XP are registered Trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.
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