Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning
System (EGPWS):
Flight History Data
EGPWS Sr. Systems Engineer
Honeywell Aerospace
August 27, 2012
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
EGPWS Flight History Data - Limitations
• EGPWS Flight History Data:
- Does NOT record Date & Time
EGPWS system time (hours:minutes:seconds) powered
Flight Leg (Leg 1 is most recent flight)
- Is NOT environmentally protected or crashworthy
The EGPWS can be damaged beyond the ability to provide any data
- Does NOT provide a rapid data rate
1 sample per second
- Does NOT record data from all sources
Typically only records source being used
This may not be the source being used by the pilot in command
File Number
3
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
EGPWS Units – Class A TAWS
• MK V & MK VII
- 2 MCU (2.5”W x 8”H x 13”D)
- Found in
All Boeing
Most Airbus
Large and Medium business jets
• MK VI & MK VIII & MK XXII
- (3”W x 6”H x 10”D)
- Found in
Medium and Small business jets
Turboprops
IFR Helicopters
File Number
4
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
EGPWS Units – Class B TAWS
• KGP560 & KGP860 & MK XXI
- (2”W x 4”H x 6”D)
- Found in
Small business jets
Turboprops
VFR Helicopters
•
- 4 MCU (4”W x 7”H x 13”D)
- Earlier units are black
- Found in
Small business jets
Turboprops
File Number
5
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
EGPWS Flight History Data (Warning/Caution)
• EGPWS records data 20 seconds before and 10
seconds after every EGPWS alert/warning
Used to determine a cause of the alert/warning and pilot reaction
20 Seconds
10 Seconds
Caution Terrain
File Number
6
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
EGPWS Flight History Parameters
• List of parameters recorded in EGPWS Warning Flight
History Data
Alert Type
System Operating Time
Corrected Altitude
Latitude
Terrain Database Elevation
GPS Satellites Visible
GPS Satellites Tracked
Pitch Angle
Engine Torque Data #1
Engine Torque Data #2
Engine Torque Data #3
Tactical (Low Altitude) Select
Longitude
Roll Angle
Helicopter EGPWS Only
Position Source
Position Uncertainty(HFOM)
Airspeed
Glideslope Deviation
Localizer Deviation
Display Range #1
True Airspeed
Display Range #2
Ground Speed
Terrain Display Enabled #1
Terrain Display Enabled #2
Landing Gear Down
Landing Flaps Selected
Terrain Awareness & TCF Inhibit
Audio Inhibit
Minimum Operating Speed
Barometric Altitude (Uncorrected)
Geometric Altitude
Geometric Altitude VFOM
GPS Altitude
GPS VFOM
Body AOA
Radio Altitude
Altitude Rate
Magnetic Track
True Track
True Heading
Longitudinal Acceleration
Normal Acceleration
Inertial Vertical Acceleration
Filtered Shear/Total Shear
Static Air Temperature
File Number
7
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
EGPWS Flight History Data
• Does not record what is not input
- For example, no radio altitude on KGP or KMH Class B units
• Data that is invalid is noted as such
- For example, glideslope deviation when not ILS tuned
• Data is recorded even when manually inhibited by pilot
• Data can be exported to Excel spreadsheet (.xls file)
- Excel format facilitates graphing of data
• Data can be superimposed over maps/chart (KML)
File Number
8
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Flight History Retrieval Process
• Flight History information is stored in the EGPWS in a
specific area of the non-volatile memory
• Data can be downloaded via PCMCIA or CF card
- Card must be programmed with special instruction file
- Process similar to terrain database upload, requires < 5 minutes
- Cards available upon request from Honeywell Engineering
- Data is encrypted
• Decoding of encrypted information is done by Honeywell
using proprietary tools, tools are not distributed
•
- Circuit boards can be placed in donor units or fixtures
- Memory chips can be removed and data retrieved via chip reader
Honeywell can accept data directly from chip reader
Occasionally memory chips are damaged and unreadable
File Number
9
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Hawker 800 crash at Owatonna MN
• NTSB AAR-11/01, 31 July 2008, – 8 Fatal
- CVR, no FDR and none required
- Crashed while attempting late go-around on runway 30
• EGPWS issued Bank Angle alert
- Aircraft rolled 90 degrees after becoming airborne off rwy end
• Flight History download performed at Honeywell
- Unit functional post-accident
- Memory contained 22 seconds of data
20 before Bank Angle alert
2 after Bank Angle alert (then loss of power)
• Data used to confirm:
- Flaps down before landing
- Flaps retracted after landing
-
- 8 knot tailwind
File Number
10
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Cessna 560 crash at Pueblo, CO
• NTSB AAR-07/02, 16 February 2005 – 8 fatal
- CVR, no FDR and none required
- Pueblo was a planned fuel stop on cross-country flight
- Crashed 4 mi short of airport in freezing rain
• EGPWS issued Bank Angle alert
- EGPWS destroyed in impact, fire
- Circuit cards returned to Honeywell for possible analysis
• 1 of 2 Flight History data chips broken, data irretrievable
- Manual process used on surviving chip
- 30 seconds of partial data set recovered
Altitude, descent rate
Pitch, roll
Ground speed, ground track angle
- Data correlated to radar data
File Number
11
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Honeywell Electronics
Non-Volatile Memory (NVM):
An Increasing Aide in Investigations
Jay Eller
Air Safety Investigator
Honeywell Aerospace
August 27, 2012
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Agenda
What Data
is
Available
What is the manufacturer’s intended use of NVM data?
What can we learn from data obtained from NVM?
Airframes
Equipment
What types of equipment
have NVM data?
What types of airframes
have NVM data?
Handling
of
Equipment
Containing
NVM
when handling equipment with NVM?
File Number
13
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Intended Uses of NVM in Electronics
• Maintenance/Tracking
- Logging of failures which require maintenance at next interval.
- Logging of exceedances or failures which may require
immediate attention.
- Tracking of fleet such as EMS and Fire Fighting.
• Trend analysis
- Engine performance over a period of time.
- Aircraft performance over a period of time.
-
operational condition.
• Trouble Shooting
- Capturing detailed data when a particular event has occurred.
- Event could be pilot initiated (press of a button) or a
predetermined scenario.
All Could be Beneficial in Accident Investigation
File Number
14
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Various Levels of Data Available
• Low Fidelity Data:
• Slow sample rates (greater than 1 sample per minute)
• Minimal data precision (ie: Latitude, Longitude, altitude, etc)
• Would show long term trending with little inability to show
immediate behaviors/signatures.
• Medium Fidelity Data:
• Medium sample rates from 1/sec to 1/minute
• Moderate data precision.
• Would show medium range trending with minimal ability to
show immediate behaviors/signatures
• High Fidelity Data:
• High frequency rate of data capture (1Hz or faster)
• High data precision.
• Good indication of immediate behaviors and performance just
prior to the accident.
File Number
15
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Example of Low Fidelity Data
Data points are on 4
minute increments.
File Number
16
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Example of Medium Fidelity Data
Turn made but unable to determine
accuracy during the turn. (1 minute
data points)
File Number
17
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Example of High Fidelity Data (1Hz Rate)
File Number
18
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Example of High Fidelity Data (1Hz Rate)
Notice location
precision as
witnessed during
taxi!
File Number
19
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Types of Equipment and Data Fidelity
EVXP
HUMS
FDR
Sky
Connect
EGPWS
EGPWS
(Air
Transport)
(Gen Av)
EPIC
Maintenance
System
APEX
ACMS
Engine
Controls
Smart
Radios
Low
Medium
High
Increasing Fidelity of Data
ACMS = Aircraft Condition Monitoring System
20
HUMS = Health and Usage Monitoring System
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Aircraft With Primus APEX
High, Medium, and Low Fidelity Data
Viking Air
Pilatus PC-12 NG
File Number
21
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Aircraft With HUMS
High, Medium, and Low
Fidelity Data
Sikorsky S76C++
HUMS =
Monitoring System
Agusta A109E
File Number
22
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Aircraft with Primus EPIC (Medium and Low Fidelity)
Dassault F900EX/DX/LX
Gulfstream 450
Gulfstream 650
Gulfstream 550
Embraer 170/190
Cessna 680 Sovereign
Hawker 4000
Agusta AW139
le Number
23
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Examples of Aircraft With Sky Connect
EMS Helo Fleet
Charter Fleet
Medium and Low Fidelity Data
Fire and Rescue
Agriculture Fleet
Note: Aircraft models shown may not represent actual models containing Sky Connect
File Number
24
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Preservation & Recovery of
Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) Evidence
File Number
25
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
General Precautions
•
discharge (ESD) damage.
- Do not attempt to handle any electronic components using leather
gloves.
• Before cutting wires to components, insure component does not
have holdup RAM requiring power to maintain.
• If the component is dry, keep it dry.
-
- Do not attempt to scrub, brush, or otherwise mechanically remove
dirt and debris from electronic components.
• If the component is wet, keep it wet.
- If the electronic component is wet with mud or other material, treat it
the same as a water-soaked board from a water crash site. Flush it
with water and ship it in water.
• Do not use any chemicals, such as bleach, to clean the
component.
- This is critical for components with biohazard contamination.
• Attempt to identify the types of electronics that the investigation
team will focus on prior to going on-scene.
- Establish a priority listing for non-volatile memory
Be prepared to handle electronic devices prior to arriving at the accident site.
File Number
26
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
If an accident has occurred in fresh or salt water…
• Recovered electronic components should be placed in a
container filled with 2 MOhm de-ionized water.
- Bottled drinking water is acceptable, provided the water has been
produced using a reverse osmosis (RO) process, as opposed to
bottled spring water.
- Do not use tap water, distilled water or medical grade 10 MOhm
water.
• If de-ionized or RO water is not available at the accident site,
clean and ship the component in the water it was found in – salt
or fresh.
Never try to transfer a component to another medium (such as air).
- Never remove components from water and allow to "air dry“, or
attempt to use uncontrolled heating devices to dry the components.
Use de-ionized or RO water, NOT tap or distilled water
File Number
27
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
General Packing and Shipping Guidelines
• Use hard plastic shipping containers when possible – avoid
Styrofoam.
• Wrap electronic components with a layer of electrostatic safe
material, such as “pink poly” (named for its color) or other ESD
approved product.
• Use packing materials that will not react with the contents or
deteriorate while packed. ESD-safe bubble wrap, or empty
plastic containers inserted between the shipped items and the
sides of the container, is appropriate.
Do not use Styrofoam “peanuts” or other similar packing materials.
• Ship wet accident site components in a manner that preserves
the integrity of the water-filled packing container.
Use a hard plastic container and ESD safe packing materials.
File Number
28
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
In Closing…
• Monitoring Systems and NVM Data – What it is… and is not.
- It is a tool for investigators to use
- It is not a flight data recorder
• Plus's and Minus’s
Large volume of available data
High G-load tolerant plastic NVM
Fire tolerant ceramic NVM
Not crashworthy
Not fire tolerant
Not G-load tolerant
Only downloadable by OEM
Easy to read data format (Excel)
• Limited Availability
- Aircraft equipped with Apex or EPIC.
- Helicopters equipped with HUMS functionality.
- Installations with Sky Connect.
- Installation can vary from S/N to S/N on same platform depending on
options installed.
File Number
29
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Honeywell Digital Engine Controls
Incident Recorder
Applicability to Accident Investigation
Jim Allen
Manager of Accident Investigation
Honeywell Aerospace
August 27, 2012
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Applications
•
• Post Accident Precautions
• Honeywell Support in Investigations
• Questions
File Number
31
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Turbofan Engine Digital Control System
• Honeywell Turbofan Engines utilize Digital Control
with Engine Condition Trend Monitoring (ECTM)
- Two generations of controls
Generation One, Digital Electronic Engine Controls (DEEC)
• TFE731-2/3/4/5 (New Production and Retrofit of older units)
• TFE731-20/40/50/60 (All from Production)
Generation Two, Full Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC)
• HTF7000 series
• ECTM data is divided into three broad catagories.
- Engine Statistics
- Engine Maintenance/Troubleshooting
-
• In addition, both generations have Incident
Recorders incorporated.
File Number
32
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Examples of Data available via ECTM
• Engine Statistics
- Engine & Computer Information – Model, Part, and Serial Number
-
- Life Cycle Data – Engine Times, Cycle Counting, Landings, etc.
• Engine Troubleshooting & Maintenance
- Engine & Computer Data – Engine Exceedances, Computer
Faults
-
• Operational Information
- Engine Speed & Thrust Reverser Cycles
- Interturbine Temperature Trends and Cycles
- Power Lever Angle (PLA) Usage Profile
- Flight Chronology
File Number
33
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
TFE731 DEEC – Generation One (Gen 1)
TFE731-2/3/4/5 N1 DEEC
(Retrofit)
TFE731-20/40/50/60 DEEC
(Production)
- Fuselage mounted -
- Engine mounted*-
TFE731-50 DEEC in Hawker 900XP is fuselage mounted
File Number
34
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Gen 1 Incident Recorder Design Parameters
• Design Features
- Records nine engine and aircraft parameters.
- Records basic engine and aircraft information for approximately the
last 1 1/2 hours of engine operation.
- Begins recording when the start initiates.
- Stops recording after engine shutdown or 5 minutes after Weight on
Wheels (WOW) is true (On ground).
• Data is collected in “Buckets” to indicate parameter range
- N1 speed was between 75 and 80% maximum speed.
- This allowed data to fit into available memory.
- Medium to High Fidelity data.
• Data Resolution
- Data is collected at increasing intervals from the end of the data
stream starting at one second intervals.
- This allowed for the most recent data to have the highest fidelity
while maximizing the data stream available for download.
File Number
35
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
HTF7000 Family – Generation Two (Gen 2)
HTF7000 FADEC
(Engine mounted, 2 units per engine)
File Number
36
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Gen 2 Incident Recorder Design Parameters
• Design Features
- Records 36 engine and aircraft parameters.
- Records enhanced engine and aircraft information for the last 60
minutes of operation.
- Begins recording when the start initiates.
- Stops recording after engine shutdown or 5 minutes after WOW is
true (On ground).
• Data is collected as discrete values.
- I.E., N1 speed was 75.7% of maximum speed; Altitude was 21,316
feet.
- Aircraft Latitude and Longitude are stored parameters.
• Data Resolution
- Data is collected at increasing intervals from the end of the data
stream starting at 100 millisecond intervals.
File Number
37
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
TFE731 Applications – Gen 1 Civil DEEC (Retrofit)
Cessna Citation III/VI/VII
North American
Raytheon Hawker HS1-731;
Rockwell Sabreliner 65
125-400-731/600-731/700/800/800XP
Dassault Falcon 10/100
Dassault Falcon 20-
5/200
Dassault Falcon 50 / 50-
Dassault Falcon 900
4
(Astra 1125)
/1124A
II
Learjet M35 / M35A / M36
Learjet M31
Learjet M55
File Number
38
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
TFE731 Applications – Gen 1 Military DEEC (Retrofit &
Production)
AIDC AT-3 “Tzu Chiang”
CASA 101AA / BB / CC “Aviojet”
Hongdu (Nanchang) Aviation Industry Corporation
FMA IA 63 “Pampa”
K8 “Karakorum”
(Production)
File Number
39
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
TFE731 Applications – Gen 1 Civil DEEC (Production)
Dassault Falcon 900EX / 900DX
Dassault Falcon 50EX
Gulfstream 100
(Astra SPX)
Gulfstream G150
Learjet M40
Learjet M45
File Number
40
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
HTF7000 Family Turbofan Applications – Gen 2 Civil
FADEC (Production)
Bombardier Challenger CL 300
Gulfstream 280
Embraer Legacy 450 and 500
File Number
41
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Use of Incident Recorder Data in Accident
Investigation
• These are NOT Flight Data Recorders but,
- The data can be very helpful in backing up FDR and CVR
data.
- Can be especially helpful if FDR data is not recoverable,
wasn’t working, or the aircraft wasn’t equipped with one.
• Units are not hardened and designed for impact and
fire protection like an FDR or CVR.
• Units are installed on some aircraft not required to
have an FDR.
• Does not record Date & Time.
- Data is presented based on time from the end of the data (i.e.
impact or loss of power to the DEEC or FADEC)
File Number
42
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Generation 1 DEEC Plotted Data
File Number
43
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Generation 1 DEEC Plotted Data
File Number
44
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Generation 2 FADEC Plotted Data
File Number
45
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Post Accident Precautions
• If the DEEC or FADEC appears intact:
- Do not attempt to power up the units.
- Do not attempt to download the data with process used by
operator and field service personnel.
This process automatically erases the data from the units as part of the
download.
• If units are damaged, collect parts potentially from
the units and return.
- Especially loose integrated circuit chips.
• Follow General Precautions previously discussed.
Electrostatic precautions
• No leather gloves when handling.
If wet, keep wet, if dry, keep dry.
No chemicals for cleaning.
Use appropriate shipping procedures.
Do Not Attempt to power up the DEEC or
FADEC after an accident has occurred
File Number
46
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Post Accident Precautions (continued)
• Use care when cutting wires and removing harness
•
freeze.
• Do not flex or straighten a bent, broken or damaged
circuit card.
• Avoid exposure to magnetic fields such as large
motors, large magnets or shipboard radar.
Attempt to identify the types of electronics that the
investigation will focus on prior to going to the accident site.
File Number
47
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Honeywell Support for Downloading and Analysis
• Honeywell is best equipped to handle and download
the data from our engine DEEC’s and FADEC’s after
an accident or incident.
- Have appropriate equipment and trained personnel to
properly analyze and prepare units for downloading.
- Access to Engineering expertise to deal with challenges due
- Experienced in dealing with chip level recovery and use of
slave units for downloading.
-
prepared for quick analysis
• Units shipped separately or with accident/incident
engines will be bonded, unopened until appropriate
party members are in attendance.
File Number
48
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Example of Challenging Download
• Engine mounted TFE731 DEEC was severely heat
and impact damaged during the accident sequence.
• Incident Recorder chip
was cleaned, removed,
and copied.
• The chip copy was
then installed in a
slave unit and
successfully
downloaded.
File Number
49
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Accident Contact Information
• For assistance with any Honeywell Aerospace
products involved in an Accident or Incident,
Contact:
Jim Allen
Manager of Accident Investigation
Honeywell Product Integrity
1944 E Sky Harbor Circle
Phoenix, Arizona 85234
Phone 602-365-5672
24 hour Accident Hot Line, 1-602-365-2423
File Number
50
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Questions?
File Number
51
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
|