PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
Amazing 24 bit/192 kHz ultra-high sound quality!!
Easy to transport!! Lightweight 4-channel recorder!!
4-channel simultaneous recording techniques are
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
1
Situation Practical Use Technique
Situation 1 : Recording Acoustic Instruments .......................... p. 4
Situation 2 : Recording Band Performances.............................. p. 8
Situation 3 : Recording Concerts................................................... p. 10
Situation 4 : Recording Outdoor Sounds ................................... p. 14
2 Applied Technique
Application 1 : Recording Sound for Video ............................... p. 16
Application 2 : Editing Your Recordings to
Create a CD or DVD .............................................. p. 17
3 Appendix
Microphones /
Difference Between Sensitivity and Volume............................. p. 19
Options................................................................................................... p. 20
R-44 Specifications............................................................................. p. 20
3
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Situation
Recording Acoustic Instruments
1
Using the R-44 allows you to realistically record a variety of
instrumental performances.
We introduce several recording tips here.
Preparing to Record
Connect two microphones (DR-80C) to the R-44.
It’s convenient to use a microphone stand.
Turn [PHANTOM] ON.
1
•
•
•
Turn [PHANTOM] ON
For details, refer to the owner’s manual.
☞
Record Settings
We recommend the following settings for making a CD.
Sets the mode to record with external microphones
Input Select Analog
We recommend 44.1 kHz if you want to make a CD
You can use 88.2 kHz for higher quality and perform accurate dithering to CD later
Rec Freq.
Rec Bit
44.1 kHz
16 bit
Setting to use one stereo system (2 channels) to record
No need to set this
If you set the date, it is easy to know the recording date and time
Rec Mode
Pre Recording OFF
Project Name Date
STEREO × 1
For details on how to make recording settings, refer to the owner’s manual.
☞
Matching the
Recording Levels
Aiming the
Microphones
3
2
The first step in recording is to determine the input
level by matching it to the loudest sound to record.
Play the phrase that is the loudest so the R-44 level
meter goes as high as possible, and then adjust the
[SENS]/[LEVEL] input level knobs so that the R-44
level meter falls just short of the C (clip level) on the
right when the maximum volume is reached.
The microphone records sounds for the right ear and
left ear separately. So, it is important to directly face
the person or instrument you are recording. Also,
as you move closer to the sound source, you get a
crisper sound; as you move away, you get a softer
sound because you also record the room echoes.
Volume is too loud if the
C (Clip Level) lights up
Bright
Sensitivity is too high if the
channel name lights up
Adjusting the
Soft
When the input level is too low, the dynamic feel of the
sound is lost; when it is too high, the sound becomes
distorted (pops and clicks and other noise occurs).
brightness
and softness
See “Instrument Recording Techniques”on p. 6 of
☞
For details on setting the input level, refer to the
owner’s manual.
☞
this guide for how to record different instruments.
4
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
4-channel Recording
Since you can record on 4 channels simultaneously, you can try setting microphones in different locations
around the instrument.
For example, you can record near the instrument (on-mic) and far from the instrument to record echoes
(off-mic) at the same time. You can then adjust the volume for each to create a mixed sound.
Recording a Grand Piano
Unlike smaller instruments, the piano produces sound throughout the instrument and emits sound in
different directions. So, it can be difficult to record a piano. But, you can use the 4-channel simultaneous
recording feature to record sound from different directions and distances. Then, you can mix-down to
create a piano recording that matches the genre of the performed song. Also, it is important to balance
the “sound of the string,”“sound from the body,”“sound reflected from the sound board,”and “sound of the
hammer hitting the strings”when recording a piano. In other words, the trick to recording a piano is to set
microphones in different locations to compare different sounds.
An example of setting the microphones is shown here.
As shown in the illustration, set a total of four microphones (use condenser microphones): two to record the
string sound and two to record the sound reflected from the sound board. In particular, test changing the
position and angle of the microphones recording the string sounds to adjust the range of the recording and
the balance of the sound from the strings and sound board and also try changing the distance to adjust the
balance between the sound of attack and reverberations to get the cleanest recording.
R-44 Setting : Rec. Mode in STEREO X 2
Sound reflected
from the
Sound of the string
sound board
Regulate the sound quality
by changing the height
and angle of the microphones
Sound reflected from the sound board
Sound
Regulate the sound vibrations
of the
with the distance and position
string
of the microphones
Sound of
the string
Adjust the spacing between the microphones
to get the range you want to record
Recording Drums
The drum is an instrument that plays sound in several different directions. We recommend using
simultaneous recording with four channels.
Start by placing two microphones above the drum (condenser microphones) and one microphone each
on the bass drum and snare (dynamic microphones), for a total of four recording locations. You should
use microphone stands above the drum and place the microphones at a height of about 2 meters. At this
height, the sound from the entire drum set can be recorded. For the bass drum, place the microphone in
front aimed at the place where the beater hits. For the snare, you should place the microphone about 10
cm above the snare so you can cleanly record only the sound of the snare. You’ll be able to easily emphasize
just the bass drum sound by adjusting the volume of each channel if you use this setup.
R-44 Setting : Rec. Mode in STEREO X 4
About
2 meters
About
2 meters
About
10 cm
Where the
beater hits
5
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Instrument Recording Techniques
This section describes where to place microphones for various instruments.
For more about dynamic microphones and condenser microphones, refer to “Microphone Type”
on p. 19 of this guide.
☞
Vocals
Ideally, you should choose a place, such as a studio,
where noise isn’t introduced from the surroundings. If
recording in a room, try to choose a room that doesn’t
have environmental noise (automobile noise or city
noises) and that has the sound reflection that you want.
Although the basic position for the microphone is
directly in front, it is OK to aim it from slightly above or
slightly below. This is because sound comes not only
from the mouth but also from the head. Although you
can use a dynamic microphone, we recommend using
a condenser microphone to get a cleaner recording. If
some breathing noise is recorded, try using a window
screen or pop guard. You can also try changing the
direction or angle of the microphone.
Aim from
slightly below
Aim from
the front
Pop Guard
Acoustic Guitar
First, the microphone is basically aimed directly at the
front of the sound hole. However, you can also adjust
the distance and angle to the sound hole to find a
sound that you like. When placing the microphone
at an angle, we recommended doing so from the fret
side. This gives you a cleaner recording.
Sound Hole
Aim from the front
Although you can use a dynamic microphone, we
recommend using a condenser microphone to get a
cleaner recording.
Set at an angle from the fret side
Electric Guitar or Bass
When playing through a guitar amp or bass amp at
a studio, it is important to use the actual volume and
settings used for performances. Place the microphone a
little off-center from the speakers and aim it from point-
blank range. Be sure to use a dynamic microphone that
can withstand vibrations. If you want the recording to
give the feel of playing in a room, use two microphones
at distances to record in stereo. However, be careful
because if you set the microphones too far, there is too
much reflected sound and the sound contours become
blurred.
If you are recording in a room, you can also using line
recording by connecting an effecter with an amp
modeling feature or an amp to the R-44 by cable. This
is because units that have amp modeling are designed
to produce realistic sound even with a line connection.
Move apart a little bit
Guitar Amp/
Bass Amp
Capture the sound as heard in the room
Place slightly off-center
Point-blank
from the speaker
Record the sound
of the guitar or bass directly
Synthesizer or Organ
You can record electronic instruments like synthesizers,
organs, samplers, or rhythm machines by connecting
the instrument’s line output jack directly to the R-44
combo input jack. Some digital synthesizers have
effecter or mastering features, so the line recordings
can faithfully reproduce the created sounds.
Standard
Standard
phone plug
phone plug
STEREO
COMBO
INPUT Jack
LINE
OUT Jack
You can record instruments played through an
amplifier by considering the distance to the amp, just
as with the electric guitar.
6
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
Drums
You should use a stereo microphone or two microphones
Aim at the top
aimed from above the drums to record the sound of
the entire kit. It is generally recommend to record from
a height of 2 meters, but you can use a microphone
stand and adjust the height and angle to find the sound
you want. You can also aim from a spot a little from the
front. You should be careful when using a unidirectional
microphone, because if it is pointed at a particular drum,
only the sound of that drum will be featured. In this case,
adjust the angle of the microphone.
Aim from the front
You can use 4-channel recording to capture even better
sound.
See “4-channel Recording”on p. 5 for details.
Piano
Unlike recording smaller instruments, when you record
sound from a piano you want to record the sound from
the entire instrument. You can get an overall balanced
recording by setting two microphones a small distance
from the S-shaped depression.
Also, you can adjust the balance between the strings and
the sound board with the angles of the microphones
and adjust the balance between the sound of attack and
reverberations to get the cleanest recording by moving
the microphones closer in or farther out.
Adjusting the balance between
the sound of attack and
reverberations
Adjusting the balance
the strings and
the sound board
You can use 4-channel recording to capture even better
sound.
See “4-channel Recording”on p. 5 for details.
Wind Instruments
Basically, you should place the microphone in front of
the bell of the wind instrument. When aiming at the bell,
you should use a wind screen because “blowing noise”is
generated from the wind instrument. Although you can use
a dynamic microphone, we recommend using a condenser
microphone to get a cleaner recording.
When recording a solo performance, woodwinds like the
saxophone have some sound coming from the keys as well
as from the bell, and when all the keys are pressed, the
volume from the bell changes radically. In this situation, you
should probably aim somewhere between the bell and the
keys. You can record a smooth performance this way.
When recording a horn section, you should set a microphone
for each horn, and record with an on-mike. If you do this,
there will be no overlap of sound which gives you a cleaner
recording. The R-44 can simultaneously record 4 channels, so
we recommend setting a microphone for each horn.
Aim at the bell
String Instruments
String instruments, like the violin or double bass, are in
some ways like an acoustic guitar, so you should record
them by balancing the sound of the string vibrations
and the sound from the body. You should aim the
microphone at the bridge or resonance aperture of the
instrument from about 1 to 1.5 meters above. You can
then get a clean recording. Although you can use a
dynamic microphone, we recommend using a
Aim from 1 to 1.5
meters above
Emphasize
the bow impression
condenser microphone to get a cleaner recording.
Emphasize
the body sound
7
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Situation
Recording Band Performances
2
You can easily record band rehearsals using the R-44 internal microphones.
Here, we describe several recording tips for using the internal microphones.
Preparing to Record
An external microphone is unnecessary
because you are using the internal microphones.
1
•
Record Settings
We recommend the following settings for making a CD when recording with the internal microphones.
Input Select IntMic
Sets the mode to record with the internal microphones
Rec Freq.
Rec Bit
44.1 kHz
16 bit
We recommend 44.1 kHz if you want to make a CD
Rec Mode
STEREO × 1 Setting to use one stereo system (2 channels) to record
Pre Recording OFF
Project Name Date
No need to set this
If you set the date, it is easy to know the recording date and time
For details on how to make recording settings, refer to the owner’s manual.
☞
Matching
the Recording Levels
Before recording the band performance, consider
the song structure and find the place in the song
where the volume is the loudest. Adjust so that the
R-44 level meter goes as high as possible but falls
just short of the C (clip level) at maximum volume.
Positioning the R-44
2
3
When rehearsing in a rehearsal studio, the
instruments are often located throughout the room.
You should position the R-44 in the middle of the
studio to record the sound of each instrument
equally. You should also place the microphone at
about table-height. If the microphone is placed on
the floor, the sound is muffled and unclear; if it is
placed too high, you lose the bass range and the
sound becomes tinny.
Volume is too loud if the
C (Clip Level) lights up
Place in
Drums
the middle
Sensitivity is too high if the
channel name lights up
If the recording level is too low, the entire
Bass Amp
recording is done at the low volume. If it is too high,
the recording can be distorted (popping noise or if
even higher, the sound can be severely distorted).
Guitar Amp
PA Speaker for Vocals
and Keyboard
For details on setting the input level, refer to the
owner’s manual.
☞
8
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
4-channel Recording
Record the band performance in one shot with four channels
Because you can record four channels simultaneously, you can record all four parts (vocals, guitar,
bass, and drums), each on a separate channel, at the same time.
You can also connect microphones or instruments directly into the four combo input jacks without
using a mixer.
After recording, you’ll be able to adjust the volume of each part, allowing you to check the
performance of individual parts. This is convenient, since it allows you to check your own part as
well as listen to the entire band’s practice session.
R-44 Setting : Rec. Mode in MONO X 4
: Input Select to Analog
Matching the recording levels
You can have a more perfect recording by setting recording levels for each part. You can achieve
good balance by first adjusting the microphone for the drums, then the bass, guitar, and vocals, in
that order. Also, if you turn on the [LIMITER], described above, you can prevent clipped sounds when
there are very loud sounds.
Connections and Settings
You should connect microphones and instruments to the R-44 as shown in the illustration.
See “Instrument Recording Techniques”on p. 6 of this guide for microphone settings.
Vocals must be output from PA equipment or an amp, so set the R-44 LINE OUT setting (Output Sel) to
4-indiv, and set output to the same channel as the input channel.
Also, you should use a microphone to record the sound from the guitar amp so that the characteristics
of the amp sound can also be recorded.
For details on Output Sel settings, refer to the owner’s manual.
☞
Drums
Bass
Vocal
Guitar
Guitar Amp/
Bass Amp
4 Channel (Drums)
3 Channel (Bass)
2 Channel (Guitar)
1 Channel (Vocals)
1 Channel (Vocals)
to PA system or amp
COMBO INPUT Jack
(Standard phone plug)
LINE OUT
(RCA Pin)
9
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Situation
Recording Concerts
3
The R-44 keeps the realistic, live sound of concerts and
performances.
Here, we describe several tips on how to make more realistic
recordings.
Preparing to Record
Connect two microphones (DR-80C) to the R-44.
It’s convenient to use microphone stands.
Turn [PHANTOM] ON.
1
•
•
•
Turn [PHANTOM] ON
For details on phantom power, refer to the owner’s manual.
☞
Record Settings
We recommend the following settings for making a CD. Also, you should do the Pre Recording settings to
prevent missing a recording.
Input Select Analog
Sets the mode to record with an external microphone
Rec Freq.
Rec Bit
44.1 kHz
16 bit
We recommend 44.1 kHz if you want to make a CD
We recommend 48 kHz if you want to synch to video to create a DVD
Rec Mode
STEREO × 1 Setting to use one stereo system (2 channels) to record
Pre Recording 15 sec
Project Name Date
Set to 10–15 seconds to prevent missing recording something
If you set the date, it is easy to know the recording date and time
For details on how to make recording settings, refer to the owner’s manual.
☞
Matching
the Recording Levels
Microphones Location
2
3
You should find out the maximum volume during
rehearsals before the performance begins.
It is difficult to adjust the volume level after the
performance begins. You should match the
recording level before the actual performance.
The sound is fuller the closer to the stage the
microphones are placed, and the sound is softer the
further the microphones are because there are more
reverberations. You must check the microphone
placement during rehearsal because the placement
is very important.
Volume is too loud if the
C (Clip Level) lights up
Sensitivity is too high if the
channel name lights up
Full Sound
Soft Sound
You also need to do a trial recording during
rehearsal to check the sound quality in the arena or
concert hall in advance.
For details see “Setting and Placing Microphones
☞
in Arenas or Concert Halls”on p. 12 in this guide.
For details on setting the input level, refer to
the owner’s manual.
☞
10
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
4-channel Recording
Here, we describe how to perform basic recordings using four channels. These examples use four
DR-80C microphones. For details on microphone settings see “Setting and Placing Microphones in
Arenas or Concert Halls”on p. 12 in this guide.
Recording the “Performance” and “Audience” Simultaneously
This describes how to make recordings with even more realism by using the 4-channel
simultaneous recording feature. If you record the “performance”and the “audience”separately in
stereo, you can record the actual experience of being at the arena. Also, you can easily make
adjustments after the recording because the balance of each sound can be changed separately.
See “Recording the Audience”on p. 13 in this guide for how to record the audience.
☞
R-44 Setting : Rec.Mode in STEREO X 2
Performance Microphones
Audience
Microphones
Audience
Microphones
Recording Multiple Input Levels Simultaneously
Mistakes cannot be fixed at events like live performances. But even if you set the input level during
rehearsal in advance, the recording can still fail because of unexpected sounds that are too loud or
too soft. For these times, set combo input jacks 1 and 2 to the normal input level and combo input
jacks 3 and 4 to a slightly lower input level. If you do this, you can avoid a recording mistake because
even if the normal input level is clipped, the sound in combo input jacks 3 and 4 is not clipped.
R-44 Setting : Rec.Mode in STEREO X 2
Slight Lower Recording Level
Normal Recording Level
11
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Setting and Placing Microphones in Arenas or Concert Halls
Because sound can change just by changing the microphone positions, microphone placement in arenas and
concert halls is extremely important. The best placement can be hard to find because the sound echoes
differently for each arena or concert hall. We introduce examples of setting microphones using general
suspended microphones and using microphone stands.
Using Suspended Microphones
Recording with Suspended Microphones
Suspended microphones are microphones
suspended from the ceiling and are set for
recording public performances at authentic
concert halls. These microphones allow the
performance to be taped without
Suspended
bothering the guests or filming.
You have to consult in advance with the
performers about the height to suspend
the microphones because if the
microphones are too close they might
interfere with the audience or filming.
The best recording is usually made by
having the microphones closer to the
performers.
Microphones
Be sure to check beforehand whether you can use facility equipment, such as the suspended
microphones. You also need to check how to use the equipment and the type and characteristics
of the microphones.
Caution!
Using Microphone Stands
Microphone stands give you more freedom to adjust the microphone position than when using suspend-
ed microphones. But you have to consult in advance with the performers about the microphone stands
because they might
Recording in a Small Hall
Position two microphones near the center of
Orchestra or Brass Band
stage about three meters in front of the stage
(or behind the conductor) using the highest
setting of the microphone stands. Set the
left and right microphones apart at an angle
from 90 to 120 degrees. Be careful because
the angle between the microphones changes
according to the size of the stage. If the angle
is too large, the instruments in the center
become faint; if the angle is too small, stereo
sound is lost. Adjust the vertical angle so that
the microphones point to just below the front
part of the stage. The vertical direction of the
microphones should be determined during
the performance rehearsal. We recommend
using unidirectional microphones because
it is easy to set the sound. If you are using
stereo microphones, set them at an angle
between 90 and 120 degrees to capture
the orchestra or brass band. The height and
vertical angle is the same as when using two
microphones. Ultimately, it is important to
test the setup during rehearsal.
Adjust sound quality
with the vertical angle
Conductor
About 3 meters
As high as possible
90–120 degrees
Adjust sound quality with the angle
between the microphones
12
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
Recording in a Large Hall
At large venues, the sound from either end
is always heard more faintly. To help with
this, you can set auxiliary microphones by
making use of the R-44 4-channel
Orchestra or Brass Band
simultaneous recording feature.
The auxiliary microphones should be
placed about 1/3 of the width of the
orchestra or brass band from each end. If
you use these settings to record, it will be
easy to adjust the balance afterwards.
Also, you should place the auxiliary
microphones with some separation from
the main microphones and also use
different settings (for example, separating
the two auxiliary microphones by a large
distance and pointing them up) for the
auxiliary microphones to record the venue
echoes.
Conductor
Determined
by the size of the hall
Auxiliary
Microphones
Auxiliary
Microphones
Main
Microphones
1/3 of the Orchestra or Brass Band
Recording a Chorus
Basically, the microphones should be
positioned as described above.
Choir
But, choruses have “lyrics.”You should be
careful not to place microphones too far
apart because the lyrics may not be clear
although you can record the atmosphere of
the chorus.
Piano
You need to balance the chorus with the
volume of the piano accompaniment. The
balance with the chorus may be difficult
depending on the location of the piano.
In these cases, you should use auxiliary
microphones for recording and adjust the
balance later.
Conductor
If distance is too far, lyrics
will be hard to understand
Auxiliary
Main
Microphones
Auxiliary
Microphones
Microphones
Recording the Audience
You should also record the audience to
capture the live feel of a performance. Set
dedicated microphones for the audience
to capture this feeling. The microphones
should be set near the center of the
audience seating. If you are using
unidirectional microphones, point them up
to record the reverberations of the concert
hall. If the microphones are pointed down,
it is difficult to capture the live feel because
only certain members of the audience are
recorded.
You can also use stereo microphones, but
you can get a better live feel by using two
monaural microphones placed apart.
Also, you can consider the omnidirectional
microphone as an option to record the
atmosphere of the concert hall.
13
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Situation
Recording Outdoor Sounds
4
You can record the sounds of nature, like bird, cat, dog and other
animal noises, the sound of rain, or the babbling of a brook.
Here, we describe several tips on how to record in the outdoors.
Preparing to Record
Connect a stereo microphone to the R-44.
It is convenient to use a directional stereo microphone (CS-15R or CS-50)
to record only what you are pointing at.
1
•
•
Direction
Stereo Microp
(CS-50)
Record Settings
The following settings should be used if you are synching to video to make a DVD. Also, you should use the Pre
Recording settings to prevent missing a recording.
Input Select Analog
Sets the mode to record with an external microphone
Rec Freq.
Rec Bit
48 kHz
16 bit
Use 48 kHz if ultimately you are synching to video to make a DVD
Or it may be convenient record with 96 kHz if you want to save in high
quality so that you can convert sounds to use with a DVD
Rec Mode
STEREO × 1 Setting to use one stereo system (2 channels) to record
Pre Recording 20 sec
Project Name Date
Set to 15–20 seconds to prevent missing recording something
If you set the date, it is easy to know the recording date and time
For details on how to make recording settings, refer to the owner’s manual.
☞
Matching
the Recording Levels
Dealing with
Wind Noise
2
3
You should set the R-44 sensitivity (microphone
sensitivity) high so you can record quiet sounds like
wild bird song. This setting makes the microphone
sensitive and even the quietest sound is captured.
On the other hand, lower sensitivity is an
appropriate microphone setting for loud sounds
that are almost just noise, such as the sound a train
makes as it passes.
If a strong wind hits the microphone, a muffled
“wind noise”is recorded. At worst, the wind noise
will be louder than the sound you want to record,
which is one reason for ruining a clear recording. We
introduce some ways of handling wind noise here.
1 . Put a wind screen on the microphone.
The wind screen should stop most of the wind
noise.
d Screen
2 . Turn [LOW CUT] ON.
Set [SENS] fairly high
Since wind noise is made up mostly of the low
range, the noise can be reduced by cutting out
the low range.
You should check the input level after making these
settings.
Basically, check to be sure the C at the right of the
level meter (clip level) when the loudest sound is
heard.
[LOW CUT] ON
For details on setting the input level, refer to
☞
14
the owner’s manual.
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
4-channel Recording
Recording with Surround Sound
Recently, words like surround sound and 5.1 channel have become common along with the
popularization of DVDs. With the ability to do 4-channel simultaneous recording, the R-44 can make
surround sound recordings.
Use four unidirectional microphones and set them on a microphone stand, as shown in the photo, to
record the sound from four directions. If you use this setup to record, you can use a PC to convert to
5.1 channel / surround sound. Also, use a wind screen to cut down wind noise, as described earlier.
R-44 Setting : Rec. Mode in STEREO X 2
For details see “Creating 5.1 Channel Sound Using a PC”on p. 18 in this guide
☞
Simultaneously recording birdsong using multiple microphones
Try to record a point as close to the bird as possible. But, if you get too close to the bird, you won’t
be able to record the natural singing voice.
It is important to keep the bird from knowing that you are near. You should check the time and
place where birds normally gather and set up multiple microphones, as shown in the illustration,
in advance. Also, use long cables to connect the microphones to the recorder, hide in the shadows,
and begin the recording as the birds begin to appear. If you do this, the birds won’t notice that you
are there, and you’ll be able to record the natural sound of the birds.
Also, you can use an umbrella, as shown in the illustration below, in place of a parabola when
recording distant sounds.
You can also make further use of the 4-channel simultaneous recording feature to set stereo
microphones in two locations and select the sound from the microphones closest to the location of
the birds.
An umbrella can be used in place of a parabola
Move away to remain unnoticed
15
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Application
Recording Sound for Video
1
When filming video, the sound quality is often insufficient.
Using the R-44 allows you to record sound for video at a higher quality.
Here, we describe several recording tips on how to record sound for video.
Advantages of Using the R-44 to Record Sound for Video
Using the R-44 to record sound for video has the following merits.
You should try using the R-44 with video filming.
1
•
•
Better sound than recording with the video camera’s microphone
Sampling rates up to 192 kHz are supported.
You can record sounds difficult to record from the video camera location
Sounds that cannot be recorded by the video camera’s microphone can be picked up by the R-44.
Sounds from another location can be recorded at the same time.
•
•
You can record environmental sounds and spoken lines separately
You can capture the actual ambience of the location, and use your computer to convert it to 5.1 channel surround
You can set microphones in four locations and change their position freely to create more realistic sound.
Synching Video and Audio
It is difficult to synchronize the video and audio during the editing process. But, with a little
ingenuity, you can synch them easily.
Play a Baseline Sound and then Record
Video from the video camera
Clap your hands as the video
filming begins as a signal to
start recording.
Audio from the video camera
By using this sound as a
baseline, you can easily
synch the timing between
video and audio during
editing.
Audio recorded by the R-44
Recording Settings
If the audio recorded for video will be used together with the video material to produce a
DVD, we recommend the following settings.
Also, you should use the Pre Recording settings to prevent missing a recording.
Input Select
Rec Freq.
Analog
48 kHz
Sets the mode to record with an external microphone
Use 48 kHz if ultimately you are making a DVD match to video,
or if you are saving with high-quality sound, recording with
96 kHz makes conversion easier later
Rec Bit
16 bit
Rec Mode
STEREO × 2 Setting to use two stereo system (2 channels) to record
Pre Recording 10 sec
Record ten seconds ahead so you don’t miss anything
To help distinguish your projects, it’s a good idea to give each
scene its own unique project name
Project Name Name
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
Application
Editing Your Recordings
to Create a CD or DVD
2
Creating CDs
Have you ever wanted to have someone listen to your music that you recorded? If so, CDs are better than cassette
tapes. A CD is more likely to get heard because CD players, and CD car stereos are really common. Once you learn
how, making CDs is easy, so you should learn how to do it.
Making a CD
Transfer the sound file (WAV)
on the SD card to a PC via a
USB connection.
Mix down with“Cakewalk
SONAR7 Producer Edition.”
Copy the mixed down data
to a CD.
If you’ve recorded four channels simultaneously on the R-44, and want to create a CD from your recording, you’ll
need to adjust the volume of the four channels and combine them into two-channel stereo data. This process is
called “mixdown,”and will allow you to create a CD that sounds the way you want.
In this example, we provide a simple explanation of using the Windows software “Cakewalk SONAR7 Producer Edi-
tion”(sold separately) to turn the four channels of data (STEREO x 2) recorded by the R-44 into two-channel stereo,
and use this data to create a CD. (For details, refer to the owner’s manual or Help file of the software you’re using.)
1 . Manipulate the screen to adjust the volume
2 . Export the data.
The data format should be a WAV file at 16 bit/
44.1 kHz.
of each channel.
3 . Write the exported data to a CD.
If you know that you are going to create a CD from
the beginning, we recommend recording with 16
bit/44.1 kHz on the R-44. Since this is the same as
the CD specifications, it will take just a short time to
convert the data.
16 bit/44.1 kHz
for CDs
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Deleting Unnecessary Parts
There are many cases when you’ll want to edit the sound after recording, for example to erase the first five seconds that
aren’t needed.
In these cases, you can use the Windows version of the Cakewalk SONAR7 series (sold separately) to edit sound recorded
with the R-44.
Unnecessary sounds can be easily deleted by selecting them and erasing them as shown below. (For details on operations,
see the owner’s manual or help for the software that you are using.)
Deleting Unnecessary Parts
Cakewalk SONAR7 Producer Edition
Cakewalk SONAR7 Producer Edition Screen
Although this software is music creation software, it has plenty of editing features for sound files, too. For example, you
can easily create a non-stop melody by connecting several edited passages.
Creating 5.1 Channels
If you use the 4-channel recording as described in “Recording with Surround Sound”on p. 15, you can convert the sound
to the 5.1 channel surround sound used by DVD software.
And if you then synch it to video, you will have a piece with the impact and realism of a movie.
We introduce the procedure to convert 4 channels to 5.1 channels below. We use the Windows-compatible “Cakewalk
SONAR7 Producer Edition”(sold separately) for conversion. (For details on operations, see the owner’s manual or help for
the software that you are using.)
5.1 Channel Surround Sound
1CH
2CH
Low
Center
frequency
The 5.1 channel surround sound system creates a realistic sound environment
using 6 channels in a rectangle configuration. The six channels are in front of
the listener (Center), to the right in front (Front R), to the left in front (Front L),
to the right in back (Rear R), to the left in back (Rear L), and the low frequency
channel. The low frequency channel is counted as 0.1 channel because it has
a limited sound range.
Front L
Front R
Listener
Recording Settings
Set Rec Mode to STEREO X 2. If this setting is used to convert to 5.1 channel
surround sound, you can manipulate two bits of data in two-channel units
to make the conversion operation easier. Also, set the microphones so that
channel 1 is the front left, channel 2 is the front right, channel 3 is the rear left,
and channel 4 is the rear right. See the illustration at right for how the area
recorded by four channels corresponds to the area for 5.1 channels.
Rear L
Rear R
3CH
4CH
Converting to 5.1 Channel Surround Sound
Load the data for the two projects (sound data recorded in stereo) to the PC, and convert
to 5.1 surround sound using the surround pan feature of “Cakewalk SONAR 7 Producer
Edition.”First, display the screen shown in the illustration. Set the direction of sound for
Front L, Center, and Front R with the project that recorded with channels 1 and 2.
Determine the direction of sound for Rear L and Rear R with the project that recorded
channels 3 and 4. (For details on operations, see the owner’s manual or help for the
software that you are using.)
After making these settings, the exported sound data is the 5.1 channel surround sound data.
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PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE
EDIROL R-44
Microphones /
Difference Between Sensitivity and Volume
Microphones
Microphone Types
There are two main types of microphone structures. It is important to choose the microphone best suited for the recording situation.
For example, a bass drum produces high sound pressure levels, so it’s best recorded using a dynamic microphones.
Type
Structure
Characteristic
A voltage is applied to
Although sound quality is superior in
high-range attributes, it is susceptible
to vibration and moisture and requires
phantom power
Condenser
Microphone
electrodes, and the change in
capacitance is converted to an
electronic signal
CS-50
(Stereo)
CS-15R
(Stereo)
DR-80C
Although sound quality is not as good
as a condenser microphone, it is
resistant to vibrations and moisture
and does not require phantom power
Dynamic
Microphone
Converts vibrations to an
electronic signal
DR-50
DR-30
Microphone Directivity
Different microphones can capture sounds in different directions.
You should try changing the directivity of the microphone according to the recording.
Type
Characteristic
Microphones that have no directivity. Convenient when recording the atmosphere in
Omindirectional concert halls.
→The built-in microphones of the R-44
Microphones that have good sensitivity toward sound from the front of the microphone.
Convenient to record only a specific sound.
→CS-50 (Stereo), CS-15R (Stereo), DR-80C, DR-50, DR-30
Unidirectional
Bi-directional
These microphones have the highest sensitivity toward their front and rear.
They can also be used together with a unidirectional microphone in an MS configuration to
produce a stereo signal.
Difference Between Sensitivity and Volume
Noise can be controlled by adjusting
sensitivity to the largest value
without distortion.
Noise can be controlled by adjusting
sensitivity to the largest value without
distortion.
INPUT
A/D
SENS
0010101001010110101.....
Analog Signal
Digital Signal
Set LEVEL to the center, and adjust using SENS
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Options
Stereo Microphones
EDIROL CS Series
Monaural Microphones
Headphone
Microphone
Stand
Roland DR Series
CS-50
CS-15R
DR-80C
DR-50
DR-30
RH-300
ST-100MB
R-44 Specifications
Recorder Section
Audio Input/Output Section
● Analog Input
Ch 1 – 4 : XLR/TRS Combo type
XLR type (phantom powered)
TRS type (balanced/unbalanced)
Stereo Built-in Microphones
● Analog Output
Ch 1 – 4 :
RCA Pin type (line output)
Headphone :
Stereo Phone type (1/4 inch)
● Digital In/Out
RCA Pin type (IEC 60958-3)
● Input Impedance
XLR : 4 k ohms or greater (balanced)
TRS : 6 k ohms or greater (balanced)
● Nominal Input Level
Input SENS knob : +4, -2, -8, -14,
-20, -26, -32, -38, -44, -50, -56 dBu
(eleven steps)
* Input Level Knob : Center
Input Level Knob:
negative infinity to +8 dBu
● Residual Noise Level
•
•
Monitor Level knob
Phantom Power Switches :
CH1/2/ 3/4
Limiter Switch
Low cut switch
Line Output : -103 dBu (Input Sens :
+4 dBu, Input Level : Minimum)
● Channels
4
● Data Type
Format : WAV/BWF
● Sampling Bit Rate
16/24-bit
● Sampling Frequency
44.1 kHz/48 kHz/88.2 kHz/96 kHz/
192 kHz
(Limited to 2 channels for 192 kHz)
* Any combination of sample
size and sampling frequency
can be used.
● Recording Media
SDHC memory card
(compatible with 64 MB – 8 GB*)
As of November 2007.
● Recording Time using 8 GB
•
•
•
•
● Frequency Response
20 Hz – 40 kHz (0/-3 dB)
● Dynamic Range
AD : 100 dB
DA : 104 dB
● Phantom Power
48 V +/- 4 V
8 mA per 1 channel (20 mA or
less for all channels)
Scrub (Value)
Transport Buttons :
PREV (REW), NEXT (FWD), STOP,
PLAY/PAUSE, REC
Marker Buttons :
•
CLEAR,
,
, MARK
* Shared with cursor.
Effect button
•
•
•
•
System button (MENU)
Display Button
A-B Repeat Button
Other Terminals
● USB Port
Mini-B Type Connector
USB 1.1 or 2.0 High Speed
(Mass Storage Class)
● Control Sync Jack
Stereo Mini Type Jack
Word clock sync and start/stop
remote control of 2 units
* Remote control function does
not guarantee the exact same
REC start time.
Others
● Display
128 x 64 organic EL
● Power Supply
AC adaptor (PSB-1U)
AA type battery x 4 (Alkaline or
NiMH only)
SDHC card (minutes)
16 bit/44.1 kHz stereo
16 bit/48 kHz stereo
24 bit/48 kHz stereo
24 bit/96 kHz stereo
24 bit/192 kHz stereo
:
755
694
462
231
115
:
● Maximum Input
+24 dBu (Input Sens Knob : +4 dBu)
● Output Impedance
Line Output : 600 ohms
Battery life
Continuous
playback
Continuous
recording
● Built-In Effects
approximately
4.0 hours
approximately
4.0 hours
16 bit/44.1 kHz 4 ch
16 bit/48 kHz 4 ch
24 bit/48 kHz 4 ch
24 bit/96 kHz 4 ch
377
347
231
115
•
•
•
•
•
•
3-Band EQ
6-Band Graphic EQ
Noise Gate
Enhancer
Comp & DeEsser
MS Mic Mixing
●
Recommended Load Impedance
Line : 4 k ohms or greater
Headphone : 16 ohms or greater
* When using alkaline batteries,
44.1 kHz, 16-bit, stereo, with
phantom power off.
● Current Draw
1.2 A
● Dimension
157 mm (W) x 183 mm (D) x
61 mm (H)
6-3/16”(W) x 7-1/4”(D) x
2-7/16”(H)
● Output Level
Line output : -20 dBu (fixed)
Headphone : 40 mW + 40 mW
● Total Harmonic Distortion
+ Noise
Line output : 0.02%
(input SENS knob at +4 dBu,
measured at 22 kHz)
*
These recording times are
approximate. They may change
depending on the specifications
of the card you use.
* Effects can be during recording
and playback.
* Effects are not available while
sample rate is set to 192 kHz.
*
If there is more than one
recorded file, the total recording
time will be less than listed here.
Control Section
● Control
* Files up to 2 GB can be
handled. If the file size reaches
2 GB during recording, the file
is closed, a new file is created,
and recording continues.
● Noise Level
Line Output : -10 dBu (Input Sens :
+4 dBu, Input Level : Center)
•
•
•
•
Power Switch
Hold Switch
Input SENS Knobs
Input LEVEL Knobs
● Weight
Weight : 1.3 kg
*
Including battery and SD card.
Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Windows® is known officially as: “Microsoft® Windows® operating system.”
Apple and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Mac OS is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
SDHC Logo is a trademark.
Fugue ©2008 Kyoto Software Research, Inc. All rights reserved.
All product names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks
of their respective owners.
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