Cisco Systems Network Card 15310 CL User Manual
Cisco ONS 15310-CL and  
Cisco ONS 15310-MA Ethernet Card  
Software Feature and Configuration Guide  
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(28)SV  
CTC and Documentation Release 8.5  
June 2009  
Americas Headquarters  
Cisco Systems, Inc.  
170 West Tasman Drive  
San Jose, CA 95134-1706  
USA  
http://www.cisco.com  
Tel: 408 526-4000  
800 553-NETS (6387)  
Fax: 408 527-0883  
Text Part Number: 78-18133-01  
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C O N T E N T S  
Preface  
i
Revision History  
i
Document Objectives ii  
Audience ii  
Related Documentation ii  
Document Conventions iii  
Obtaining Optical Networking Information ix  
Where to Find Safety and Warning Information ix  
Cisco Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROM ix  
Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines ix  
CHAPTER  
1
Overview of the ML-Series Card 1-1  
ML-Series Card Description 1-1  
ML-Series Feature List 1-2  
Key ML-Series Features 1-4  
Cisco IOS 1-4  
GFP-F Framing 1-4  
Link Aggregation (FEC and POS) 1-5  
RMON 1-5  
RPR 1-5  
SNMP 1-5  
TL1 1-6  
CHAPTER  
2
CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card 2-1  
Displaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTC 2-1  
Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC 2-2  
Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Ports Provisioning Information on CTC 2-2  
Displaying ML-Series POS Ports Provisioning Information on CTC 2-3  
Displaying SONET Alarms 2-4  
Displaying J1 Path Trace 2-4  
Provisioning SONET Circuits 2-4  
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Contents  
CHAPTER  
3
Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card 3-1  
Hardware Installation 3-1  
Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card 3-1  
Opening a Cisco IOS Session Using CTC 3-2  
Telnetting to the Node IP Address and Slot Number 3-2  
Telnetting to a Management Port 3-3  
ML-Series IOS CLI Console Port 3-4  
RJ-11 to RJ-45 Console Cable Adapter 3-4  
Connecting a PC or Terminal to the Console Port 3-4  
Startup Configuration File 3-5  
Manually Creating a Startup Configuration File Through the Serial Console Port 3-6  
Passwords 3-6  
Configuring the Management Port 3-6  
Configuring the Hostname 3-7  
Loading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTC 3-8  
Database Restore of the Startup Configuration File 3-9  
Cisco IOS Command Modes 3-9  
Using the Command Modes 3-11  
Exit 3-11  
Getting Help 3-11  
CHAPTER  
4
Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card 4-1  
General Interface Guidelines 4-1  
MAC Addresses 4-1  
Interface Port ID 4-2  
Basic Interface Configuration 4-3  
Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration 4-4  
Configuring the Fast Ethernet Interfaces 4-4  
Configuring the POS Interfaces 4-5  
Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces 4-6  
CHAPTER  
5
Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card 5-1  
Understanding POS on the ML-Series Card 5-1  
Available Circuit Sizes and Combinations 5-1  
LCAS Support 5-2  
J1 Path Trace, and SONET Alarms 5-2  
Framing Mode, Encapsulation, Scrambling, MTU and CRC Support 5-3  
Configuring the POS Interface 5-3  
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Configuring POS Interface Framing Mode 5-4  
Configuring POS Interface Encapsulation Type Under GFP-F Framing 5-5  
SONET Alarms 5-6  
Configuring SONET Alarms 5-6  
Configuring SONET Delay Triggers 5-7  
Monitoring and Verifying POS 5-8  
CHAPTER  
6
Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card 6-1  
STP Features 6-1  
STP Overview 6-2  
Supported STP Instances 6-2  
Bridge Protocol Data Units 6-2  
Election of the Root Switch 6-3  
Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID 6-4  
Spanning-Tree Timers 6-4  
Creating the Spanning-Tree Topology 6-5  
Spanning-Tree Interface States 6-5  
Blocking State 6-6  
Listening State 6-7  
Learning State 6-7  
Forwarding State 6-7  
Disabled State 6-7  
Spanning-Tree Address Management 6-8  
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks 6-8  
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity 6-8  
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity 6-9  
RSTP Features 6-9  
Supported RSTP Instances 6-9  
Port Roles and the Active Topology 6-10  
Rapid Convergence 6-11  
Synchronization of Port Roles 6-12  
Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing 6-13  
Processing Superior BPDU Information 6-14  
Processing Inferior BPDU Information 6-14  
Topology Changes 6-14  
Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP 6-15  
Configuring STP and RSTP Features 6-15  
Default STP and RSTP Configuration 6-16  
Disabling STP and RSTP 6-16  
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Configuring the Root Switch 6-17  
Configuring the Port Priority 6-17  
Configuring the Path Cost 6-18  
Configuring the Switch Priority of a Bridge Group 6-18  
Configuring the Hello Time 6-19  
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a Bridge Group 6-20  
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a Bridge Group 6-20  
Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status  
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Contents  
Understanding Encapsulation over FEC or POS Channel 9-6  
Configuring Encapsulation over EtherChannel or POS Channel 9-6  
Encapsulation over EtherChannel Example 9-7  
Monitoring and Verifying EtherChannel and POS 9-8  
Load Balancing on the ML-Series cards 9-9  
CHAPTER 10  
Configuring IRB on the ML-Series Card 10-1  
Understanding Integrated Routing and Bridging 10-1  
Configuring IRB 10-2  
IRB Configuration Example 10-3  
Monitoring and Verifying IRB 10-4  
CHAPTER 11  
Configuring Quality of Service on the ML-Series Card 11-1  
Understanding QoS 11-2  
Priority Mechanism in IP and Ethernet 11-2  
IP Precedence and Differentiated Services Code Point 11-2  
Ethernet CoS 11-3  
ML-Series QoS 11-4  
Classification 11-4  
Policing 11-5  
Marking and Discarding with a Policer 11-5  
Queuing 11-6  
Scheduling 11-6  
Control Packets and L2 Tunneled Protocols 11-7  
Egress Priority Marking 11-8  
Ingress Priority Marking 11-8  
QinQ Implementation 11-8  
Flow Control Pause and QoS 11-9  
QoS on RPR 11-9  
Configuring QoS 11-10  
Creating a Traffic Class 11-10  
Creating a Traffic Policy 11-11  
Attaching a Traffic Policy to an Interface 11-15  
Configuring CoS-Based QoS 11-16  
Monitoring and Verifying QoS Configuration 11-16  
QoS Configuration Examples 11-17  
Traffic Classes Defined Example 11-18  
Traffic Policy Created Example 11-18  
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class-map match-any and class-map match-all Commands Example 11-19  
match spr1 Interface Example 11-19  
ML-Series VoIP Example 11-20  
ML-Series Policing Example 11-20  
ML-Series CoS-Based QoS Example 11-21  
Understanding Multicast QoS and Multicast Priority Queuing 11-23  
Default Multicast QoS 11-23  
Multicast Priority Queuing QoS Restrictions 11-24  
Configuring Multicast Priority Queuing QoS 11-24  
QoS not Configured on Egress 11-26  
ML-Series Egress Bandwidth Example 11-26  
Case 1: QoS with Priority and Bandwidth Configured Without Priority Multicast 11-26  
Case 2: QoS with Priority and Bandwidth Configured with Priority Multicast 11-27  
Understanding CoS-Based Packet Statistics 11-28  
Configuring CoS-Based Packet Statistics 11-29  
Understanding IP SLA 11-30  
IP SLA on the ML-Series 11-31  
IP SLA Restrictions on the ML-Series 11-31  
CHAPTER 12  
Configuring the Switching Database Manager on the ML-Series Card 12-1  
Understanding the SDM 12-1  
Understanding SDM Regions 12-1  
Configuring SDM 12-2  
Configuring SDM Regions 12-2  
Configuring Access Control List Size in TCAM 12-3  
Monitoring and Verifying SDM 12-3  
CHAPTER 13  
Configuring Access Control Lists on the ML-Series Card 13-1  
Understanding ACLs 13-1  
ML-Series ACL Support 13-1  
IP ACLs 13-2  
Named IP ACLs 13-2  
User Guidelines 13-2  
Creating IP ACLs 13-3  
Creating Numbered Standard and Extended IP ACLs 13-3  
Creating Named Standard IP ACLs 13-4  
Creating Named Extended IP ACLs (Control Plane Only) 13-4  
Applying the ACL to an Interface 13-4  
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Modifying ACL TCAM Size 13-5  
CHAPTER 14  
Configuring Resilient Packet Ring on the ML-Series Card 14-1  
Understanding RPR 14-1  
Role of SONET Circuits 14-2  
Packet Handling Operations 14-2  
Ring Wrapping 14-3  
RPR Framing Process 14-4  
MAC Address and VLAN Support 14-6  
RPR QoS 14-6  
CTM and RPR 14-6  
Configuring RPR 14-6  
Connecting the ML-Series Cards with Point-to-Point STS Circuits 14-7  
Configuring CTC Circuits for RPR 14-7  
CTC Circuit Configuration Example for RPR 14-7  
Configuring RPR Characteristics and the SPR Interface on the ML-Series Card 14-9  
Assigning the ML-Series Card POS Ports to the SPR Interface 14-11  
Creating the Bridge Group and Assigning the Ethernet and SPR Interfaces 14-13  
RPR Cisco IOS Configuration Example 14-14  
Verifying Ethernet Connectivity Between RPR Ethernet Access Ports 14-15  
CRC Threshold Configuration and Detection 14-15  
Monitoring and Verifying RPR 14-16  
Add an ML-Series Card into an RPR 14-17  
Adding an ML-Series Card into an RPR 14-19  
Delete an ML-Series Card from an RPR 14-21  
Deleting an ML-Series Card from an RPR 14-23  
Cisco Proprietary RPR KeepAlive 14-25  
Configuring Cisco Proprietary RPR KeepAlive 14-25  
Monitoring Cisco Propretary RPR KeepAlive 14-25  
Cisco Proprietary RPR Shortest Path 14-25  
Configuring Shortest Path and Topology Discovery 14-25  
Monitoring and Verifying Shortest Path andTopolgy Discovery 14-26  
Redundant Interconnect 14-26  
CHAPTER 15  
Configuring Security for the ML-Series Card 15-1  
Understanding Security 15-1  
Disabling the Console Port on the ML-Series Card 15-2  
Secure Login on the ML-Series Card 15-2  
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Secure Shell on the ML-Series Card 15-2  
Understanding SSH 15-2  
Configuring SSH 15-3  
Configuration Guidelines 15-3  
Setting Up the ML-Series Card to Run SSH 15-3  
Configuring the SSH Server 15-4  
Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status 15-5  
RADIUS on the ML-Series Card 15-6  
RADIUS Relay Mode 15-6  
Configuring RADIUS Relay Mode 15-7  
RADIUS Stand Alone Mode 15-7  
Understanding RADIUS 15-8  
Configuring RADIUS 15-8  
Default RADIUS Configuration 15-9  
Identifying the RADIUS Server Host 15-9  
Configuring AAA Login Authentication 15-11  
Defining AAA Server Groups 15-13  
Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services  
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Contents  
CE-100T-8 SONET Circuits and Features 17-6  
Available Circuit Sizes and Combinations 17-6  
CE-100T-8 STS/VT Allocation Tab 17-8  
CE-100T-8 VCAT Characteristics 17-9  
CE-100T-8 POS Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC 17-10  
CE-100T-8 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and SONET Alarms 17-11  
APPENDIX  
APPENDIX  
A
B
Command Reference for the ML-Series Card A-1  
Unsupported CLI Commands for the ML-Series Card B-1  
Unsupported Privileged Exec Commands B-1  
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands B-1  
Unsupported POS Interface Configuration Commands B-3  
Unsupported FastEthernet Interface Configuration Commands B-4  
Unsupported Port-Channel Interface Configuration Commands B-5  
Unsupported BVI Interface Configuration Commands B-6  
APPENDIX  
C
Using Technical Support C-1  
Gathering Information About Your Internetwork C-1  
Getting the Data from Your ML-Series Card C-2  
Providing Data to Your Technical Support Representative C-3  
INDEX  
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F I G U R E S  
Figure 3-1  
Figure 3-2  
Figure 6-1  
Figure 6-2  
Figure 6-3  
Figure 6-4  
Figure 6-5  
Figure 7-1  
Figure 7-2  
Figure 8-1  
Figure 8-2  
Figure 8-3  
Figure 9-1  
Figure 9-2  
Figure 9-3  
Figure 10-1  
Figure 11-1  
Figure 11-2  
Figure 11-3  
Figure 11-4  
Figure 11-5  
Figure 11-6  
Figure 11-7  
Figure 11-8  
Figure 11-9  
Figure 11-10  
Figure 14-1  
Figure 14-2  
Figure 14-3  
Figure 14-4  
CTC Node View Showing IP Address 3-3  
Console Cable Adapter 3-4  
Spanning-Tree Topology 6-5  
Spanning-Tree Interface States 6-6  
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity 6-8  
Proposal and Agreement Handshaking for Rapid Convergence 6-12  
Sequence of Events During Rapid Convergence 6-13  
VLANs Spanning Devices in a Network 7-2  
Bridging IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 7-4  
IEEE 802.1Q Tunnel Ports in a Service-Provider Network 8-2  
Normal, IEEE 802.1Q, and IEEE 802.1Q-Tunneled Ethernet Packet Formats 8-3  
ERMS Example 8-7  
Encapsulation over EtherChannel Example 9-3  
POS Channel Example 9-5  
Encapsulation over EtherChannel Example 9-7  
Configuring IRB 10-3  
IP Precedence and DSCP 11-3  
Ethernet Frame and the CoS Bit (IEEE 802.1p) 11-3  
ML-Series QoS Flow 11-4  
Dual Leaky Bucket Policer Model 11-5  
Queuing and Scheduling Model 11-7  
QinQ Implementation on the ML-Series Card 11-9  
ML-Series VoIP Example 11-20  
ML-Series Policing Example 11-21  
ML-Series CoS Example 11-22  
QoS not Configured on Egress 11-26  
RPR Packet Handling Operations 14-3  
RPR Ring Wrapping 14-4  
RPR Frame for ML-Series Card 14-5  
RPR Frame Fields 14-5  
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Figures  
Figure 14-5  
Figure 14-6  
Figure 14-7  
Figure 14-8  
Figure 14-9  
Figure 14-10  
Figure 16-1  
Figure 17-1  
Figure 17-2  
Figure 17-3  
Figure 17-4  
Figure 17-5  
Three-Node RPR Example 14-8  
RPR Bridge Group 14-13  
Two-Node RPR Before the Addition 14-17  
Three-Node RPR After the Addition 14-18  
Three-Node RPR Before the Deletion 14-22  
Two-Node RPR After the Deletion 14-22  
Bridging Example 16-3  
CE-100T-8 Point-to-Point Circuit 17-1  
Flow Control 17-3  
End-to-End Ethernet Link Integrity Support 17-3  
CE-100T-8 STS/VT Allocation Tab 17-9  
ONS CE-100T-8 Encapsulation and Framing Options 17-11  
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T A B L E S  
Table 2-1  
Table 2-2  
Table 3-1  
Table 3-2  
Table 5-1  
Table 5-2  
Table 6-1  
Table 6-2  
Table 6-3  
Table 6-4  
Table 6-5  
Table 6-6  
Table 8-1  
Table 8-2  
Table 8-3  
Table 9-1  
Table 9-2  
Table 9-3  
Table 9-4  
Table 10-1  
Table 10-2  
Table 11-1  
Table 11-2  
Table 11-3  
Table 11-4  
Table 11-5  
Table 11-6  
Table 11-7  
Table 11-8  
Table 12-1  
ML-Series POS Statistics Fields and Buttons 2-1  
ML-Series Ethernet Statistics Fields and Buttons 2-2  
RJ-11 to RJ-45 Pin Mapping 3-4  
Cisco IOS Command Modes 3-10  
ML-Series Card Supported Circuit Sizes and Sizes Required for Ethernet Wire Speeds 5-2  
ML-Series Card Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC Sizes 5-3  
Switch Priority Value and Extended System ID 6-4  
Spanning-Tree Timers 6-4  
Port State Comparison 6-10  
RSTP BPDU Flags 6-13  
Default STP and RSTP Configuration 6-16  
Commands for Displaying Spanning-Tree Status 6-21  
VLAN-Transparent Service Versus VLAN-Specific Services 8-6  
Default Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration 8-10  
Commands for Monitoring and Maintaining Tunneling 8-12  
MAC Based- 2- Port Channel Interface 9-9  
IP Based- 2- Port Channel Interface 9-10  
MAC Based - 4-Port Channel Interface 9-10  
IP Based - 4-Port Channel Interface 9-11  
Commands for Monitoring and Verifying IRB 10-5  
show interfaces irb Field Descriptions 10-6  
Traffic Class Commands 11-11  
Traffic Policy Commands 11-12  
CoS Commit Command 11-16  
Commands for QoS Status 11-16  
CoS Multicast Priority Queuing Command 11-25  
Packet Statistics on ML-Series Card Interfaces 11-28  
CoS-Based Packet Statistics Command 11-29  
Commands for CoS-Based Packet Statistics 11-29  
Default Partitioning by Application Region 12-2  
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Tables  
Table 12-2  
Table 13-1  
Table 13-2  
Table 14-1  
Table 15-1  
Table 17-1  
Table 17-2  
Table 17-3  
Table 17-4  
Table 17-5  
Table 17-6  
Table 17-7  
Partitioning the TCAM Size for ACLs 12-3  
Commands for Numbered Standard and Extended IP ACLs 13-3  
Applying ACL to Interface 13-5  
Definitions of RPR Frame Fields 14-5  
Commands for Displaying the SSH Server Configuration and Status 15-5  
IP ToS Priority Queue Mappings 17-5  
CoS Priority Queue Mappings 17-5  
CE-100T-8 Supported Circuit Sizes 17-7  
SONET Circuit Size Required for Ethernet Wire Speeds 17-7  
CCAT High Order Circuit Size Combinations 17-7  
VCAT High Order Circuit Size Combinations 17-7  
CE-100T-8 Maximum Service Densities 17-8  
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Preface  
Note  
The terms "Unidirectional Path Switched Ring" and "UPSR" may appear in Cisco literature. These terms  
do not refer to using Cisco ONS 15xxx products in a unidirectional path switched ring configuration.  
Rather, these terms, as well as "Path Protected Mesh Network" and "PPMN," refer generally to Cisco's  
path protection feature, which may be used in any topological network configuration. Cisco does not  
recommend using its path protection feature in any particular topological network configuration.  
This section provides the following information:  
•
•
•
•
•
•
Document Objectives, page ii  
Audience, page ii  
Related Documentation, page ii  
Document Conventions, page iii  
Obtaining Optical Networking Information, page ix  
Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines, page ix  
Revision History  
Date  
Notes  
July 2008  
Modified a statement in the “Flow Control Pause and QoS” section of Chapter 12,  
Configuring Quality of Service.  
September 2008  
December 2008  
Updated the section “CE-100T-8 VCAT Characteristics” in Chapter 17,  
CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation.  
Added a new section “Load Balancing on the ML-Series Cards” in Chapter 9,  
Configuring Link Aggregation on the ML-Series Cards”.  
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Preface  
Document Objectives  
This guide covers the software features and operations of the ML-100T-8 and the CE-100T-8 Ethernet  
cards for the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA. It explains software features and  
configuration for Cisco IOS on the ML-Series card. It also explains software feature and configuration  
for Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) on the CE-100T-8 card. The CE-100T-8 card is also available as a  
card for the Cisco ONS 15454 and Cisco ONS 15454 SDH. This version of the card is described in the  
Cisco ONS 15454 and Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide.  
Use this guide in conjunction with the appropriate publications listed in the Related Documentation  
section.  
Audience  
To use the ML-Series card chapters of this publication, you should be familiar with Cisco IOS and  
preferably have technical networking background and experience. To use the CE-100T-8 card chapter of  
this publication, you should be familiar with CTC and preferably have technical networking background  
and experience.  
Related Documentation  
Use the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Ethernet Card Software Feature and  
Configuration Guide R8.5 in conjunction with the following general ONS 15310-CL and ONS  
15310-MA system publications:  
•
To install, turn up, provision, and maintain a Cisco ONS 15310-CL or Cisco ONS 15310-MA node  
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•
For detailed reference information about Cisco ONS 15310-CL or Cisco ONS 15310-MA cards,  
nodes, and networks, refer to the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Reference  
Manual.  
The ML-Series card employs the Cisco IOS Modular QoS CLI (MQC). For more information on general  
MQC configuration, refer to the following Cisco IOS documents:  
•
•
•
Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide, Release 12.2  
Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command Reference, Release 12.2  
The ML-Series card employs Cisco IOS 12.2. For more general information on Cisco IOS 12.2, refer  
to the extensive Cisco IOS documentation at http://www.cisco.com.  
For an update on End-of-Life and End-of-Sale notices, refer to  
http://cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/optical/ps2001/prod_eol_notices_list.html.  
Document Conventions  
This publication uses the following conventions:  
Convention  
boldface  
italic  
Application  
Commands and keywords in body text.  
Command input that is supplied by the user.  
Keywords or arguments that appear within square brackets are optional.  
[
]
{ x | x | x }  
Ctrl  
A choice of keywords (represented by x) appears in braces separated by  
vertical bars. The user must select one.  
The control key. For example, where Ctrl + D is written, hold down the  
Control key while pressing the D key.  
screen font  
Examples of information displayed on the screen.  
boldface screen font  
Examples of information that the user must enter.  
<
>
Command parameters that must be replaced by module-specific codes.  
Note  
Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not covered in the  
document.  
Caution  
Means reader be careful. In this situation, the user might do something that could result in equipment  
damage or loss of data.  
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Preface  
Warning  
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS  
This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily injury. Before you  
work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar  
with standard practices for preventing accidents. Use the statement number provided at the end of  
each warning to locate its translation in the translated safety warnings that accompanied this  
device. Statement 1071  
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS  
Waarschuwing  
BELANGRIJKE VEILIGHEIDSINSTRUCTIES  
Dit waarschuwingssymbool betekent gevaar. U verkeert in een situatie die lichamelijk letsel kan  
veroorzaken. Voordat u aan enige apparatuur gaat werken, dient u zich bewust te zijn van de bij  
elektrische schakelingen betrokken risico's en dient u op de hoogte te zijn van de standaard  
praktijken om ongelukken te voorkomen. Gebruik het nummer van de verklaring onderaan de  
waarschuwing als u een vertaling van de waarschuwing die bij het apparaat wordt geleverd, wilt  
raadplegen.  
BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES  
Varoitus  
TÄRKEITÄ TURVALLISUUSOHJEITA  
Tämä varoitusmerkki merkitsee vaaraa. Tilanne voi aiheuttaa ruumiillisia vammoja. Ennen kuin  
käsittelet laitteistoa, huomioi sähköpiirien käsittelemiseen liittyvät riskit ja tutustu  
onnettomuuksien yleisiin ehkäisytapoihin. Turvallisuusvaroitusten käännökset löytyvät laitteen  
mukana toimitettujen käännettyjen turvallisuusvaroitusten joukosta varoitusten lopussa näkyvien  
lausuntonumeroiden avulla.  
SÄILYTÄ NÄMÄ OHJEET  
Attention  
IMPORTANTES INFORMATIONS DE SÉCURITÉ  
Ce symbole d'avertissement indique un danger. Vous vous trouvez dans une situation pouvant  
entraîner des blessures ou des dommages corporels. Avant de travailler sur un équipement, soyez  
conscient des dangers liés aux circuits électriques et familiarisez-vous avec les procédures  
couramment utilisées pour éviter les accidents. Pour prendre connaissance des traductions des  
avertissements figurant dans les consignes de sécurité traduites qui accompagnent cet appareil,  
référez-vous au numéro de l'instruction situé à la fin de chaque avertissement.  
CONSERVEZ CES INFORMATIONS  
WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSHINWEISE  
Warnung  
Dieses Warnsymbol bedeutet Gefahr. Sie befinden sich in einer Situation, die zu Verletzungen  
führen kann. Machen Sie sich vor der Arbeit mit Geräten mit den Gefahren elektrischer Schaltungen  
und den üblichen Verfahren zur Vorbeugung vor Unfällen vertraut. Suchen Sie mit der am Ende jeder  
Warnung angegebenen Anweisungsnummer nach der jeweiligen Übersetzung in den übersetzten  
Sicherheitshinweisen, die zusammen mit diesem Gerät ausgeliefert wurden.  
BEWAHREN SIE DIESE HINWEISE GUT AUF.  
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Preface  
Avvertenza  
Advarsel  
Aviso  
IMPORTANTI ISTRUZIONI SULLA SICUREZZA  
Questo simbolo di avvertenza indica un pericolo. La situazione potrebbe causare infortuni alle  
persone. Prima di intervenire su qualsiasi apparecchiatura, occorre essere al corrente dei pericoli  
relativi ai circuiti elettrici e conoscere le procedure standard per la prevenzione di incidenti.  
Utilizzare il numero di istruzione presente alla fine di ciascuna avvertenza per individuare le  
traduzioni delle avvertenze riportate in questo documento.  
CONSERVARE QUESTE ISTRUZIONI  
VIKTIGE SIKKERHETSINSTRUKSJONER  
Dette advarselssymbolet betyr fare. Du er i en situasjon som kan føre til skade på person. Før du  
begynner å arbeide med noe av utstyret, må du være oppmerksom på farene forbundet med  
elektriske kretser, og kjenne til standardprosedyrer for å forhindre ulykker. Bruk nummeret i slutten  
av hver advarsel for å finne oversettelsen i de oversatte sikkerhetsadvarslene som fulgte med denne  
enheten.  
TA VARE PÅ DISSE INSTRUKSJONENE  
INSTRUÇÕES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURANÇA  
Este símbolo de aviso significa perigo. Você está em uma situação que poderá ser causadora de  
lesões corporais. Antes de iniciar a utilização de qualquer equipamento, tenha conhecimento dos  
perigos envolvidos no manuseio de circuitos elétricos e familiarize-se com as práticas habituais de  
prevenção de acidentes. Utilize o número da instrução fornecido ao final de cada aviso para  
localizar sua tradução nos avisos de segurança traduzidos que acompanham este dispositivo.  
GUARDE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES  
¡Advertencia!  
INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURIDAD  
Este símbolo de aviso indica peligro. Existe riesgo para su integridad física. Antes de manipular  
cualquier equipo, considere los riesgos de la corriente eléctrica y familiarícese con los  
procedimientos estándar de prevención de accidentes. Al final de cada advertencia encontrará el  
número que le ayudará a encontrar el texto traducido en el apartado de traducciones que acompaña  
a este dispositivo.  
GUARDE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES  
VIKTIGA SÄKERHETSANVISNINGAR  
Varning!  
Denna varningssignal signalerar fara. Du befinner dig i en situation som kan leda till personskada.  
Innan du utför arbete på någon utrustning måste du vara medveten om farorna med elkretsar och  
känna till vanliga förfaranden för att förebygga olyckor. Använd det nummer som finns i slutet av  
varje varning för att hitta dess översättning i de översatta säkerhetsvarningar som medföljer denna  
anordning.  
SPARA DESSA ANVISNINGAR  
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Preface  
Aviso  
INSTRUÇÕES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURANÇA  
Este símbolo de aviso significa perigo. Você se encontra em uma situação em que há risco de lesões  
corporais. Antes de trabalhar com qualquer equipamento, esteja ciente dos riscos que envolvem os  
circuitos elétricos e familiarize-se com as práticas padrão de prevenção de acidentes. Use o  
número da declaração fornecido ao final de cada aviso para localizar sua tradução nos avisos de  
segurança traduzidos que acompanham o dispositivo.  
GUARDE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES  
Advarsel  
VIGTIGE SIKKERHEDSANVISNINGER  
Dette advarselssymbol betyder fare. Du befinder dig i en situation med risiko for  
legemesbeskadigelse. Før du begynder arbejde på udstyr, skal du være opmærksom på de  
involverede risici, der er ved elektriske kredsløb, og du skal sætte dig ind i standardprocedurer til  
undgåelse af ulykker. Brug erklæringsnummeret efter hver advarsel for at finde oversættelsen i de  
oversatte advarsler, der fulgte med denne enhed.  
GEM DISSE ANVISNINGER  
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Preface  
Obtaining Optical Networking Information  
This section contains information that is specific to optical networking products. For information that  
pertains to all of Cisco, refer to the Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security  
Guidelines section.  
Where to Find Safety and Warning Information  
For safety and warning information, refer to the Cisco Optical Transport Products Safety and  
Compliance Information document that accompanied the product. This publication describes the  
international agency compliance and safety information for the Cisco ONS 15454 system. It also  
includes translations of the safety warnings that appear in the ONS 15454 system documentation.  
Cisco Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROM  
Optical networking-related documentation, including Cisco ONS 15xxx product documentation, is  
available in a CD-ROM package that ships with your product. The Optical Networking Product  
Documentation CD-ROM is updated periodically and may be more current than printed documentation.  
Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security  
Guidelines  
For information on obtaining documentation, obtaining support, providing documentation feedback,  
security guidelines, and also recommended aliases and general Cisco documents, see the monthly  
What’s New in Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and revised Cisco technical  
documentation, at:  
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html  
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C H A P T E R  
1
o
Overview of the ML-Series Card  
This chapter provides an overview of the ML-100T-8 card for Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS  
15310-MA. It lists Ethernet and SONET capabilities and Cisco IOS and Cisco Transport Controller  
(CTC) software features, with brief descriptions of selected features.  
The CE-100T-8 card for the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA is covered in  
Chapter 17, “CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation.” For Ethernet card specifications, refer to the  
Cisco ONS 15454 Reference Manual. For step-by-step Ethernet card circuit configuration, hard-reset,  
and soft-reset procedures, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide. Refer to the Cisco ONS  
SONET TL1 Command Guide for TL1 provisioning commands. For specific details on ONS 15310-CL  
Ethernet card interoperability with other ONS platforms, refer to the “POS on ONS Ethernet Cards”  
chapter of the Cisco ONS 15454 and Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Ethernet Card Software Feature and  
Configuration Guide.  
This chapter contains the following major sections:  
•
•
•
ML-Series Card Description, page 1-1  
ML-Series Feature List, page 1-2  
Key ML-Series Features, page 1-4  
ML-Series Card Description  
The ML-Series card is a module in the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA. It is an  
independent Fast Ethernet switch with eight RJ-45 interfaces. The ML-Series card uses Cisco IOS  
Release 12.2(28)SV, and the Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI) is the primary user interface for  
the ML-Series card. Most configuration for the card, such as Ethernet and packet-over-SONET (POS)  
port provisioning, bridging, VLAN, and Quality of Service (QoS), can be done only with the Cisco IOS  
CLI.  
However, CTC—the ONS 15310-CL graphical user interface (GUI)—and Transaction Language One  
(TL1) also support the ML-Series card. SONET circuits must be configured through CTC or TL1 and  
cannot be provisioned through Cisco IOS. CTC also offers ML-Series card status information, SONET  
alarm management, Cisco IOS Telnet session initialization, provisioning, inventory, and other standard  
functions.  
The ML-Series card features two virtual ports, which function in a manner similar to OC-N card ports.  
The SONET circuits are provisioned through CTC in the same manner as standard OC-N circuits.  
For detailed card specifications, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Reference Manual.  
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Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card  
ML-Series Feature List  
ML-Series Feature List  
The ML-100T-8 has the following features:  
•
Layer 1 data features:  
10/100BASE-TX half-duplex and full-duplex data transmission  
IEEE 802.3x compliant flow control  
SONET features:  
–
–
•
–
High-level data link control (HDLC) or frame-mapped generic framing procedure (GFP-F)  
framing mechanisms for POS  
–
GFP-F supports LEX (default), Cisco HDLC, and Point-to-Point Protocol/Bridging Control  
Protocol (PPP/BCP) encapsulation for POS  
–
–
–
HDLC framing supports LEX encapsulation only  
Two POS virtual ports  
Virtual concatenated (VCAT) circuits with Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) or  
without LCAS  
–
ONS 15310 ML-Series LCAS is compatible with ONS 15454 ML-Series SW-LCAS  
•
Layer 2 bridging features:  
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Transparent bridging  
MAC address learning, aging, and switching by hardware  
Protocol tunneling  
Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) protocol tunneling  
255 active bridge group maximum  
8,000 MAC address maximum per card  
Integrated routing and bridging (IRB)  
IEEE 802.1P/Q-based VLAN trunking  
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tunneling  
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol  
(RSTP)  
–
–
–
IEEE 802.1D STP instance per bridge group  
Resilient packet ring (RPR)  
VLAN-transparent and VLAN-specific services (Ethernet Relay Multipoint Service [ERMS])  
•
Fast EtherChannel (FEC) features:  
–
–
–
–
–
–
Bundling of up to four Fast Ethernet ports  
Load sharing based on source and destination IP addresses of unicast packets  
Load sharing for bridge traffic based on MAC addresses  
IRB  
IEEE 802.1Q trunking  
Up to 4 active FEC port channels  
•
POS channel:  
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Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card  
ML-Series Feature List  
–
–
–
–
Bundling the two POS ports  
LEX encapsulation only  
IRB  
IEEE 802.1Q trunking  
•
Layer 3 static routing:  
–
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Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card  
Key ML-Series Features  
–
–
–
–
–
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(28)SV  
CTC  
Remote monitoring (RMON)  
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)  
TL1  
•
•
System features:  
–
Network Equipment Building Systems 3 (NEBS3) compliant  
CTC features:  
–
Standard synchronous transport signal (STS) and VCAT circuit provisioning for POS virtual  
ports  
–
–
–
–
–
–
SONET alarm reporting for path alarms and other ML-Series card specific alarms  
Raw port statistics  
Standard inventory and card management functions  
J1 path trace  
Cisco IOS CLI Telnet sessions from CTC  
Cisco IOS startup configuration file management from CTC  
Key ML-Series Features  
This section describes selected key features and their implementation on the ML-Series cards.  
Cisco IOS  
Cisco IOS controls the data functions of the ML-Series cards. Users cannot update the ML-Series  
Cisco IOS image in the same manner as the Cisco IOS system image on a Cisco Catalyst Series. An  
ML-Series Cisco IOS image upgrade is available only as part of the Cisco ONS 15310-CL or the Cisco  
ONS 15310-MA software release and accomplished only through CTC or TL1. The image is not  
available for download or shipped separately.  
GFP-F Framing  
GFP defines a standard-based mapping of different types of services onto SONET/SDH. The ML-Series  
and CE-Series support frame-mapped GFP (GFP-F), which is the protocol data unit (PDU)-oriented  
client signal adaptation mode for GFP. GFP-F maps one variable length data packet onto one GFP  
packet.  
GFP is composed of common functions and payload specific functions. Common functions are those  
shared by all payloads. Payload-specific functions are different depending on the payload type. GFP is  
detailed in the ITU recommendation G.7041.  
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Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card  
Key ML-Series Features  
Link Aggregation (FEC and POS)  
The ML-Series offers Fast EtherChannel and POS channel link aggregation. Link aggregation groups  
multiple ports into a larger logical port and provides resiliency during the failure of any individual ports.  
The ML-Series supports a maximum of four Ethernet ports in Fast EtherChannel, and two SONET  
virtual ports in POS channel. POS channel is only supported with LEX encapsulation.  
Traffic flows map to individual ports based on MAC source address (SA)/destination address (DA) for  
bridged packets and IP SA/DA for routed packets. There is no support for policing or class-based packet  
priorities when link aggregation is configured.  
RMON  
The ML-Series card features RMON that allows network operators to monitor the health of the network  
with an NMS. ONG RMON is recommended for the ML-100T-8. The ONG RMON contains the  
statistics, history, alarms, and events MIB groups from the standard RMON MIB. The standard  
Cisco IOS RMON is also available. A user can access RMON threshold provisioning through TL1 or  
CTC. For more information on RMON, refer to the “SNMP Remote Monitoring” section in “SNMP”  
chapter of the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Reference Manual.  
RPR  
RPR is an emerging network architecture designed for metro fiber ring networks. This new MAC  
protocol is designed to overcome the limitations of STP, RSTP, and SONET in packet-based networks.  
RPR convergence times are comparable to SONET and much faster than STP or RSTP. RPR operates at  
the Layer 2 level and is compatible with Ethernet and protected or unprotected SONET circuits.  
SNMP  
The Cisco ONS 15310-CL, the Cisco ONS 15310-MA, and the ML-Series cards have SNMP agents and  
support SNMP Version 1 (SNMPv1) and SNMP Version 2c (SNMPv2c) sets and traps. The Cisco ONS  
15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA accept, validate, and forward get/getNext/set requests to the  
ML-Series through a proxy agent. Responses from the ML-Series are relayed by the Cisco ONS  
15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA to the requesting SNMP agents.  
The ML-Series card SNMP support includes:  
•
•
•
STP traps from Bridge-MIB (RFC 1493)  
Authentication traps from RFC 1157  
Export of QoS statistics through the CISCO-PORT-QOS-MIB extension  
For more information on how the ONS 15310-CL implements SNMP, refer to the “SNMP” chapter of  
the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Reference Manual. For more information on  
specific MIBs, refer to the Cisco SNMP Object Navigator at http://www.cisco.com.  
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Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card  
Key ML-Series Features  
TL1  
TL1 on the ML-Series cards can be used for card inventory, fault and alarm management, card  
provisioning, and retrieval of status information for both data and SONET ports. TL1 can also be used  
to provision SONET STS circuits and transfer a Cisco IOS startup configuration file to the card memory.  
For specific TL1 commands and general TL1 information, refer to the Cisco ONS SONET TL1 Command  
Guide.  
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C H A P T E R  
2
CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card  
This chapter covers Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) operation of the ML-Series card. All operations  
described in the chapter take place at the card-level view of CTC. CTC shows provisioning information  
and statistics for both the Ethernet and packet-over-SONET (POS) ports of the ML-Series card. For the  
ML-Series cards, CTC manages SONET alarms and provisions STS circuits in the same manner as other  
Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA SONET traffic.  
Use CTC to load a Cisco IOS configuration file or to open a Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI)  
session. See Chapter 3, “Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card.”  
This chapter contains the following major sections:  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Displaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTC, page 2-1  
Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC, page 2-2  
Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Ports Provisioning Information on CTC, page 2-2  
Displaying ML-Series POS Ports Provisioning Information on CTC, page 2-3  
Displaying SONET Alarms, page 2-4  
Displaying J1 Path Trace, page 2-4  
Provisioning SONET Circuits, page 2-4  
Displaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTC  
The POS statistics window lists POS port-level statistics. Display the CTC card view for the ML-Series  
card and click the Performance > POS Ports tabs to display the window.  
Table 2-1 describes the buttons in the POS Ports window.  
Table 2-1  
ML-Series POS Statistics Fields and Buttons  
Button  
Refresh  
Description  
Manually refreshes the statistics.  
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Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card  
Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC  
Table 2-1  
ML-Series POS Statistics Fields and Buttons  
Description  
Button  
Baseline  
Resets the software counters (in that particular CTC client only) temporarily to zero  
without affecting the actual statistics on the card. From that point on, only counters  
displaying the change from the temporary baseline are displayed by this CTC client.  
These new baselined counters are shown only as long as the user displays the  
Performance window. If the user navigates to another CTC window and comes back  
to the Performance window, the true actual statistics retained by the card are shown.  
Auto-Refresh  
Sets a time interval for the automatic refresh of statistics.  
Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide for definitions of the SONET POS parameters.  
CTC displays a different set of parameters for high-level data link control (HDLC) and frame-mapped  
generic framing procedure (GFP-F) framing modes.  
Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC  
The Ethernet statistics window lists Ethernet port-level statistics. It is similar in appearance to the POS  
statistics window with different statistic parameters. The ML-Series Ethernet ports are zero based.  
Display the CTC card view for the ML-Series card and click the Performance > Ether Ports tabs to  
display the window. Table 2-2 describes the buttons in the EtherPorts window.  
Table 2-2  
ML-Series Ethernet Statistics Fields and Buttons  
Button  
Refresh  
Baseline  
Description  
Queries the current values from the card and updates the CTC display.  
Resets the software counters (in that particular CTC client only) temporarily to zero  
without affecting the actual statistics on the card. From that point on, only counters  
displaying the change from the temporary baseline are displayed by this CTC client.  
These new baselined counters appear as long as the user displays the Performance  
Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide for definitions of the Ethernet parameters. CTC  
displays a different set of parameters for HDLC and GFP-F framing modes.  
Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Ports Provisioning Information  
on CTC  
The Ethernet port provisioning window displays the provisioning status of the Ethernet ports. Click the  
Provisioning > Ether Ports tabs to display this window. For ML-Series cards, the user must configure  
ML-Series Ethernet ports and POS ports using the Cisco IOS CLI.  
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Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card  
Displaying ML-Series POS Ports Provisioning Information on CTC  
The following fields can be provisioned using CTC: Port Name, Pre-Service Alarm Suppression (PSAS),  
and Soak Time. Click the Port Name field to assign a name to the port. For more information on  
provisioning these fields, refer to the “Change Card Settings” chapter in the Cisco ONS 15454  
Procedure Guide.  
Note  
The port name can also be configured in Cisco IOS. The port name field configured in CTC and the port  
name configured in Cisco IOS are independent of each other, and will not match unless the same name  
is used to configure the port name in both CTC and Cisco IOS.  
The Provisioning > Ether Ports tab displays the following information:  
•
•
•
Port #—The fixed number identifier for the specific port.  
Port Name—Configurable 12-character alphanumeric identifier for the port.  
Admin State—Configured port state, which is administratively active or inactive. Possible values are  
UP and DOWN.  
•
•
PSAS—A check indicates alarm suppression is set on the port for the time designated in the Soak  
Time column.  
Soak Time—Desired soak time in hours and minutes. Use this column when you have checked PSAS  
to suppress alarms. Once the port detects a signal, the countdown begins for the designated soak  
time. Soak time hours can be set from 0 to 48. Soak time minutes can be set from 0 to 45 in 15 minute  
increments.  
•
Link State—Status between signaling points at port and attached device. Possible values are UP and  
DOWN.  
•
•
•
Operating Speed—ML-100T-8 possible values are Auto, 10Mbps, or 100Mbps.  
Operating Duplex—Setting of the port. ML-100T-8 possible values are Auto, Full, or Half.  
Flow Control—Negotiated flow control mode. ML-100T-8 possible values are None or  
Symmetrical.  
Note  
Auto indicates the port is set to autonegotiate capabilities with the attached link partner.  
Displaying ML-Series POS Ports Provisioning Information on  
CTC  
The POS ports provisioning window displays the provisioning status of the card’s POS ports. Click the  
Provisioning > POS Ports tabs to display this window. For ML-Series cards, the user must configure  
ML-Series Ethernet ports and POS ports using the Cisco IOS CLI.  
The following fields can be provisioned using CTC: Port Name, PSAS, and Soak Time. Click in the Port  
Name field to assign a name to the port. For more information on provisioning these fields, refer to the  
“Change Card Settings” chapter in the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide.  
Note  
The port name can also be configured in Cisco IOS. The port name field configured in CTC and the port  
name configured in Cisco IOS are independent of each other and will not match unless the same name  
is used to configure the port name in both CTC and Cisco IOS.  
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Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card  
Displaying SONET Alarms  
The Provisioning > POS Ports tab displays the following information:  
•
•
•
Port #—Fixed number identifier for the specific port.  
Port Name—Configurable 12-character alphanumeric identifier for the port.  
Admin State—Configured administrative port state, which is active or inactive. Possible values are  
UP and DOWN. For the UP value to appear, a POS port must be both administratively active and  
have a SONET/SDH circuit provisioned.  
•
•
PSAS—A check indicates alarm suppression is set on the port for the time designated in the Soak  
Time column.  
Soak Time—Desired soak time in hours and minutes. Use this column when you have checked PSAS  
to suppress alarms. Once the port detects a signal, the countdown begins for the designated soak  
time. Soak time hours can be set from 0 to 48. Soak time minutes can be set from 0 to 45 in 15 minute  
increments.  
•
MTU—The maximum transfer unit, which is the largest acceptable packet size for that port. This  
value cannot be configured on the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA ML-Series  
card.  
•
•
Link State—Status between signaling points at the port and an attached device. Possible values are  
UP and DOWN.  
Framing Type- HDLC or frame-mapped generic framing procedure (GFP-F) framing type shows the  
POS framing mechanism being employed on the port  
Displaying SONET Alarms  
To view SONET alarms on the ML-Series card, click the Alarms tab.  
CTC manages the ML-Series card SONET alarm behavior in the same manner as it manages alarm  
behavior for other Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA SONET traffic. Click the  
Provisioning > Alarm Profiles tabs for the Ethernet and POS port alarm profile information. Refer to  
the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide for detailed information.  
Displaying J1 Path Trace  
The J1 Path Trace is a repeated, fixed-length string comprised of 64 consecutive J1 bytes. You can use  
the string to monitor interruptions or changes to SONET circuit traffic. Click the Maintenance >  
Path Trace tabs for the J1 Path Trace information.  
For information on J1 Path Trace, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide.  
Provisioning SONET Circuits  
CTC provisions and edits STS level circuits for the two POS ports of the ML-Series card in the same  
manner as it provisions other Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA SONET OC-N cards.  
The ONS 15310-CL ML-Series card supports both contiguous concatenation (CCAT) and virtual  
concatenation (VCAT) circuits. Refer to the “Create Circuits” chapter of the Cisco ONS 15454  
Procedure Guide to create SONET STS circuits.  
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Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card  
Provisioning SONET Circuits  
Note  
The initial state of the ML-Series card POS port is inactive. A Cisco IOS POS interface command of no  
shutdown is required to carry traffic on the SONET circuit.  
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Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card  
Provisioning SONET Circuits  
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C H A P T E R  
3
Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
This chapter describes the initial configuration of the ML-Series card and contains the following major  
sections:  
•
•
•
•
•
Hardware Installation, page 3-1  
Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card, page 3-1  
Startup Configuration File, page 3-5  
Cisco IOS Command Modes, page 3-9  
Using the Command Modes, page 3-11  
Hardware Installation  
This section lists hardware installation tasks, including booting up the ML-Series card. Because the  
ONS 15310 card slots can be preprovisioned for an ML-Series line card, the following physical  
operations can be performed before or after the provisioning of the slot has taken place.  
1. Install the ML-Series card into the ONS 15310. For physical installation instructions, refer to the  
Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide.  
2. Connect the Ethernet cables to the ML-Series card.  
3. Connect the console terminal to the ML-Series card (optional).  
Note  
A NO-CONFIG condition is reported in CTC under the Alarms pane when an ML-Series card is inserted  
and no valid Cisco IOS startup configuration file exists. Loading or creating this file clears the condition.  
See the “Startup Configuration File” section on page 3-5 for information on loading or creating the file.  
Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card  
The Cisco IOS software image used by the ML-Series card is not permanently stored on the ML-Series  
card but in the flash memory of the 15310-CL-CTX or CTX2500 card. During a hard reset, the Cisco IOS  
software image is downloaded from the flash memory of the 15310-CL-CTX or CTX2500 to the memory  
cache of the ML-Series card. The cached image is then decompressed and initialized for use by the  
ML-Series card.  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card  
During a soft reset, which reloads or warm restarts the ML-Series card, the ML-Series card checks the  
cache for a Cisco IOS image. If a valid and current Cisco IOS image exists, the ML-Series card  
decompresses and initializes the image. If the image does not exist, the ML-Series requests a new copy  
of the Cisco IOS image from the 15310-CL-CTX or CTX2500. Caching the Cisco IOS image provides  
a significant time savings when a soft reset is performed.  
To use CTC to reset the ML-Series card with a hard reset or soft reset, at the CTC card-level view or  
node-level view, right-click on the ML-Series card and click Hard-reset Card or Soft-reset Card. A  
hard reset also requires that the ML-Series card is in the out of service (OOS) state, which is set under  
the Inventory tab. Then click Yes at the confirmation dialog that appears. You can also initiate a hard  
reset by removing and reinserting the ML-Series card. You can initiate a soft reset through Cisco IOS  
with the privileged EXEC reboot command. For TL1 commands, refer to the Cisco ONS SONET TL1  
Command Guide.  
Caution  
A soft reset or a hard reset on the Cisco ONS 15310 ML-Series card is service-affecting.  
There are four ways to access the ML-Series card Cisco IOS configuration. The two out-of-band options  
are opening a Cisco IOS session on CTC and telnetting to the node IP Address and 2001. The  
two-in-band signalling options are telnetting to a configured management interface and directly  
connecting to the console port.  
Opening a Cisco IOS Session Using CTC  
Users can initiate a Cisco IOS CLI session for the ML-Series card using CTC. Click the IOS tab at the  
card-level CTC view, then click the Open IOS Command Line Interface (CLI) button. A window  
opens and a standard Cisco IOS CLI User EXEC command mode prompt appears.  
Note  
A Cisco IOS startup configuration file must be loaded and the ML-Series card must be installed and  
initialized prior to opening a Cisco IOS CLI session on CTC. See the “Startup Configuration File”  
section on page 3-5 for more information.  
Telnetting to the Node IP Address and Slot Number  
Users can telnet to the Cisco IOS CLI using the IP address and the port number (2000 plus the slot  
number).  
Note  
Note  
A Cisco IOS startup configuration file must be loaded and the ML-Series card must be installed and  
initialized prior to telnetting to the ML-Series card. See the “Startup Configuration File” section on  
page 3-5 for more information.  
If the ONS 15310 node is set up as a proxy server, where one ONS 15310 node in the ring acts as a  
gateway network element (GNE) for the other nodes in the ring, telnetting over the GNE firewall to the  
IP address and slot number of a non-GNE or end network element (ENE) requires the user’s Telnet client  
to be SOCKS v5 aware (RFC 1928). Configure the Telnet client to recognize the GNE as the SOCKS v5  
proxy for the Telnet session and to recognize the ENE as the host.  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card  
Step 1  
Obtain the node IP address from the IP Addr field shown at the CTC node view (Figure 3-1).  
Figure 3-1 CTC Node View Showing IP Address  
Node IP address  
Step 2  
Step 3  
If you are telnetting into an ONS 15310-CL with an ML-Series card, use the IP address and the port  
number 2001 as the Telnet address in your preferred communication program. For example with the IP  
address of 10.92.18.124 on the ONS 15310-CL in the example, you would enter or telnet 10.92.18.124  
2001. The slot number is always 1 for the ONS 15310-CL.  
If you are telnetting into an ONS 15310-MA with an ML-Series card, use the IP address and the port  
number (2000 plus the slot number) as the Telnet address in your preferred communication program. For  
example, with an IP address of 10.92.18.125 on an ONS 15310-CL with an ML-Series card in slot 5, you  
would enter or telnet to 10.92.18.125 2005. .  
Telnetting to a Management Port  
Users can access the ML-Series through a standard Cisco IOS management port in the same manner as  
other Cisco IOS platforms. For further details about configuring ports and lines for management access,  
refer to the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide.  
As a security measure, the vty lines used for Telnet access are not fully configured. In order to gain  
Telnet access to the ML-Series card, you must configure the vty lines via the serial console connection  
or preload a startup-configuration file that configures the vty lines. A port on the ML-Series must first  
be configured as the management port; see the “Configuring the Management Port” section on page 3-6  
or the “Loading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTC” section on page 3-8.  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card  
ML-Series IOS CLI Console Port  
The ML-Series card has an RJ-11 serial console port on the card faceplate labeled Console. It enables  
communication from the serial port of a PC or workstation running terminal emulation software to the  
Cisco IOS CLI on a specific ML-Series card.  
RJ-11 to RJ-45 Console Cable Adapter  
Due to space limitations on the ML-Series card faceplate, the console port is an RJ-11 modular jack  
instead of the more common RJ-45 modular jack. Cisco supplies an RJ-11 to RJ-45 console cable adapter  
with each ML-Series card. After connecting the adapter, the console port functions like the standard  
Cisco RJ-45 console port. Figure 3-2 shows the RJ-11 to RJ-45 console cable adapter.  
Figure 3-2  
Console Cable Adapter  
Table 3-1 shows the mapping of the RJ-11 pins to the RJ-45 pins.  
Table 3-1 RJ-11 to RJ-45 Pin Mapping  
RJ-11 Pin RJ-45 Pin  
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
None  
5
None  
6
Connecting a PC or Terminal to the Console Port  
Use the supplied cable, an RJ-11 to RJ-45 console cable adapter, and a DB-9 adapter to connect a PC to  
the ML-Series console port.  
The PC must support VT100 terminal emulation. The terminal-emulation software—frequently a PC  
application such as HyperTerminal or Procomm Plus—makes communication between the ML-Series  
and your PC or terminal possible during the setup program.  
Step 1  
Configure the data rate and character format of the PC or terminal to match these console port default  
settings:  
•
9600 baud  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Startup Configuration File  
•
•
•
8 data bits  
1 stop bit  
No parity  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Insert the RJ-45 connector of the supplied cable into the female end of the supplied console cable  
adapter.  
Insert the RJ-11 modular plug end of the supplied console cable adapter into the RJ-11 serial console  
port, labeled CONSOLE, on the ML-Series card faceplate.  
Step 4  
Step 5  
Attach the supplied RJ-45-to-DB-9 female DTE adapter to the nine-pin DB-9 serial port on the PC.  
Insert the other end of the supplied cable in the attached adapter.  
Startup Configuration File  
The ML-Series card needs a startup configuration file in order to configure itself beyond the default  
configuration when it resets. If no startup configuration file exists in the 15310-CL-CTX or the CTX  
2500 flash memory, then the card boots up to a default configuration. Users can manually set up the  
startup configuration file through the serial console port and the Cisco IOS CLI configuration mode or  
load a Cisco IOS supplied sample startup configuration file through CTC. A running configuration  
becomes a startup configuration file when saved with a copy running-config startup-config command.  
It is not possible to establish a Telnet connection to the ML-Series card until a startup configuration file  
is loaded onto the ML-Series card. Access is available through the console port.  
Caution  
Caution  
The copy running-config startup-config command saves a startup configuration file to the flash  
memory of the ML-Series card. This operation is confirmed by the appearance of the text “[OK]” in the  
Cisco IOS CLI session. The startup configuration file is also saved to the ONS node’s database  
restoration file after approximately 30 additional seconds.  
Accessing the read-only memory monitor mode (ROMMON) on the ML-Series card without the  
assistance of Cisco personnel is not recommended. This mode allows actions that can render the  
ML-Series card inoperable. The ML-Series card ROMMON is preconfigured to boot the correct  
Cisco IOS software image for the ML-Series card.  
Caution  
Note  
The maximum permitted size of the startup configuration file on the ONS 15310 ML-Series card is 96  
kilobytes.  
When the running configuration file is altered, a RUNCFG-SAVENEED condition appears in CTC. This  
condition is a reminder to enter a copy running-config startup-config command in the Cisco IOS CLI,  
or configuration changes will be lost when the ML-Series card reboots.  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Startup Configuration File  
Manually Creating a Startup Configuration File Through the Serial Console Port  
Configuration through the serial console port is familiar to those who have worked with other products  
using Cisco IOS. At the end of the configuration procedure, the copy running-config startup-config  
command saves a startup configuration file.  
The serial console port gives the user visibility to the entire booting process of the ML-Series card.  
During initialization the ML-Series card first checks for a locally, valid cached copy of Cisco IOS. It  
then either downloads the Cisco IOS software image from the 15310-CL-CTX or the CTX 2500 or  
proceeds directly to decompressing and initializing the image. Following Cisco IOS initialization the  
CLI prompt appears, at which time the user can enter the Cisco IOS CLI configuration mode and setup  
the basic ML-Series configuration.  
Passwords  
There are two types of passwords that you can configure for an ML-Series card: an enable password and  
an enable secret password. For maximum security, make the enable password different from the enable  
secret password.  
•
Enable password—The enable password is an unencrypted password. It can contain any number of  
uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters. Give the enable password only to users permitted  
to make configuration changes to the ML-Series card.  
•
Enable secret password—The enable secret password is a secure, encrypted password. By setting an  
encrypted password, you can prevent unauthorized configuration changes. On systems running  
Cisco IOS software, you must enter the enable secret password before you can access global  
configuration mode.  
An enable secret password can contain from 1 to 25 uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric  
characters. The first character cannot be a number. Spaces are valid password characters. Leading  
spaces are ignored; trailing spaces are recognized.  
Passwords are configured in the “Configuring the Management Port” section on page 3-6.  
Configuring the Management Port  
Because there is no separate management port on ML-Series cards, any Fast Ethernet interface (0-7), or  
any POS interface (0-1) can be configured as a management port.  
You can remotely configure the ML-Series card through the management port, but first you must  
configure an IP address so that the ML-Series card is reachable or load a startup configuration file. You  
can manually configure the management port interface from the Cisco IOS CLI via the serial console  
connection.  
To configure Telnet for remote management access, perform the following procedure, beginning in user  
EXEC mode:  
Command  
Purpose  
Router> enable  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Activates user EXEC (or enable) mode.  
The # prompt indicates enable mode.  
Router# configure terminal  
Activates global configuration mode. You can abbreviate  
the command to config t. The Router(config)# prompt  
indicates that you are in global configuration mode.  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Startup Configuration File  
Command  
Purpose  
Router(config)# enable password  
password  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Sets the enable password. See the “Passwords” section  
on page 3-6.  
Router(config)# enable secret password  
Allows you to enter an enable secret password. See the  
“Passwords” section on page 3-6. A user must enter the  
enable secret password to gain access to global  
configuration mode.  
Router(config)# interface type number  
Router(config-if)#  
Step 5  
Step 6  
Activates interface configuration mode on the interface.  
Router(config-if)# ip address  
ip-address subnetmask  
Allows you to enter the IP address and IP subnet mask  
for the interface specified in Step 5.  
Router(config-if)# no shutdown  
Step 7  
Step 8  
Enables the interface.  
Router(config-if)# exit  
Router(config)#  
Returns to global configuration mode.  
Router(config)# line vty line-number  
Step 9  
Activates line configuration mode for virtual terminal  
connections. Commands entered in this mode control the  
operation of Telnet sessions to the ML-Series card.  
Router(config-line)# password password  
Step 10  
Step 11  
Allows you to enter a password for Telnet sessions.  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
Router(config-line)# end  
Router#  
Router# copy running-config  
startup-config  
Step 12  
(Optional) Saves your configuration changes to  
NVRAM.  
After you have completed configuring remote management on the management port, you can use Telnet  
to remotely assign and verify configurations.  
Configuring the Hostname  
In addition to the system passwords and enable password, your initial configuration should include a  
hostname to easily identify your ML-Series card. To configure the hostname, perform the following task,  
beginning in enable mode:  
Command  
Purpose  
Router# configure terminal  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Activates global configuration mode.  
Router(config)# hostname name-string  
Allows you to enter a system name. In this example, we  
set the hostname to “Router.”  
Router(config)# end  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
Router# copy running-config  
startup-config  
(Optional) Copies your configuration changes to  
NVRAM.  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Startup Configuration File  
Loading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTC  
CTC allows a user to load the startup configuration file required by the ML-Series card. A  
Cisco-supplied sample Cisco IOS startup configuration file, named Basic-IOS-startup-config.txt, is  
available on the Cisco ONS 15310 software CD. CISCO15 is the Cisco IOS CLI default line password  
and the enable password for this configuration. Users can also create their own startup configuration file  
(see the “Manually Creating a Startup Configuration File Through the Serial Console Port” section on  
page 3-6).  
CTC can load a Cisco IOS startup configuration file into the 15310-CL-CTX or CTX 2500 card flash  
before the ML-Series card is physically installed in the slot. When installed, the ML-Series card  
downloads and applies the Cisco IOS software image and the preloaded Cisco IOS startup-configuration  
file. Preloading the startup configuration file allows an ML-Series card to immediately operate as a fully  
configured card when inserted into the ONS 15310.  
If the ML-Series card is booted up prior to the loading of the Cisco IOS startup configuration file into  
15310-CL-CTX or CTX 2500 card flash, then the ML-Series card must be reset to use the Cisco IOS  
startup configuration file or the user can issue the command copy start run at the Cisco IOS CLI to  
configure the ML-Series card to use the Cisco IOS startup configuration file.  
This procedure details the initial loading of a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration file through CTC.  
Step 1  
Step 2  
At the card-level view of the ML-Series card, click the IOS tab (Figure 3-1 on page 3-3).  
The CTC IOS window appears.  
Click the IOS startup config button.  
The config file dialog box appears.  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Click the Local -> CTX button.  
The sample Cisco IOS startup configuration file can be installed from either the ONS 15310 software  
CD or from a PC or network folder:  
•
To install the Cisco supplied startup config file from the ONS 15310 software CD, insert the CD into  
the CD drive of the PC or workstation. Using the CTC config file dialog box, navigate to the CD  
drive of the PC or workstation, and double-click the Basic-IOS-startup-config.txt file.  
•
To install the Cisco supplied config file from a PC or network folder, navigate to the folder  
containing the desired Cisco IOS startup config file and double-click the desired Cisco IOS startup  
config file.  
Step 5  
Step 6  
At the Are you sure? dialog box, click the Yes button.  
The Directory and Filename fields on the configuration file dialog update to reflect that the Cisco IOS  
startup config file is loaded onto the 15310-CL-CTX.  
Load the Cisco IOS startup config file from the 15310-CL-CTX to the ML-Series card:  
a. If the ML-Series card has already been installed, right-click on the ML-Series card at the node-level  
or card-level CTC view and select Soft-reset.  
After the reset, the ML-Series card runs under the newly loaded Cisco IOS startup configuration.  
b. If the ML-Series card is not yet installed, installing the ML-Series card into the slot loads and runs  
the newly loaded Cisco IOS startup configuration on the ML-Series card.  
Caution  
A soft reset or a hard reset on the ONS 15310 ML-Series card is service-affecting.  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Cisco IOS Command Modes  
Note  
If there is a parsing error when the Cisco IOS startup configuration file is downloaded and  
parsed at initialization, an ERROR-CONFIG alarm is reported and appears under the CTC  
alarms tab or in TL1. No other Cisco IOS error messages regarding the parsing of text are  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Cisco IOS Command Modes  
Note  
When a process makes unusually heavy demands on the CPU of the ML-Series card, it might impair CPU  
response time and cause a CPUHOG error message to appear on the console. This message indicates  
which process used a large number of CPU cycles, such as the updating of the routing table with a large  
number of routes due to an event. Seeing this message as a result of card reset or other infrequent events  
should not be a cause for concern.  
Table 3-2  
Cisco IOS Command Modes  
Mode  
What You Use It For  
How to Access  
Prompt  
User EXEC  
Connect to remote devices,  
change terminal settings on a  
temporary basis, perform basic  
tests, and display system  
information.  
Log in.  
Router>  
Privileged EXEC  
Set operating parameters. The  
From user EXEC mode, enter the Router#  
(also called Enable  
mode)  
privileged command set includes enable command and the enable  
the commands in user EXEC  
mode, as well as the configure  
command. Use this command  
mode to access the other  
command modes.  
password.  
Global configuration  
Configure features that affect the From privileged EXEC mode,  
Router(config)#  
system as a whole.  
enter the configure terminal  
command.  
Interface configuration Enable features for a particular From global configuration mode, Router(config-if)#  
interface. Interface commands  
enable or modify the operation  
of a Fast Ethernet or POS port.  
enter the interface type number  
command.  
For example, enter  
interface fastethernet 0 for  
Fast Ethernet or interface pos 0  
for POS interfaces.  
Line configuration  
Configure the console port or vty From global configuration mode, Router(config-line)#  
line from the directly connected enter the line console 0  
console or the virtual terminal  
used with Telnet.  
command to configure the  
console port or the  
line vty line-number command  
to configure a vty line.  
When you start a session on the ML-Series card, you begin in user EXEC mode. Only a small subset of  
the commands are available in user EXEC mode. To have access to all commands, you must enter  
privileged EXEC mode, also called Enable mode. From privileged EXEC mode, you can type in any  
EXEC command or access global configuration mode. Most of the EXEC commands are single-use  
commands, such as show commands, which show the current configuration status, and clear commands,  
which clear counters or interfaces. The EXEC commands are not saved across reboots of the ML-Series  
card.  
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Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card  
Using the Command Modes  
The configuration modes allow you to make changes to the running configuration. If you later save the  
configuration, these commands are stored across ML-Series card reboots. You must start in global  
configuration mode. From global configuration mode, you can enter interface configuration mode,  
subinterface configuration mode, and a variety of protocol-specific modes.  
ROMMON mode is a separate mode used when the ML-Series card cannot boot properly. For example,  
your ML-Series card might enter ROM monitor mode if it does not find a valid system image when it is  
booting, or if its configuration file is corrupted at startup.  
Using the Command Modes  
The Cisco IOS command interpreter, called the EXEC, interprets and executes the commands you enter.  
You can abbreviate commands and keywords by entering just enough characters to make the command  
unique from other commands. For example, you can abbreviate the show command to sh and the  
configure terminal command to config t.  
Exit  
When you type exit, the ML-Series card backs out one level. In general, typing exit returns you to global  
configuration mode. Enter end to exit configuration mode completely and return to privileged EXEC  
mode.  
Getting Help  
In any command mode, you can get a list of available commands by entering a question mark (?).  
Router> ?  
To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, type in those characters  
followed immediately by the question mark (?). Do not include a space. This form of help is called word  
help, because it completes a word for you.  
Router# co?  
configure  
To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or argument. Include a space  
before the question mark. This form of help is called command syntax help, because it reminds you  
which keywords or arguments are applicable based on the command, keywords, and arguments you have  
already entered.  
Router# configure ?  
memory  
Configure from NV memory  
network  
Configure from a TFTP network host  
overwrite-network Overwrite NV memory from TFTP network host  
terminal  
<cr>  
Configure from the terminal  
To redisplay a command you previously entered, press the Up Arrow key. You can continue to press the  
Up Arrow key to see more of the previously issued commands.  
Tip  
If you are having trouble entering a command, check the system prompt, and enter the question mark (?)  
for a list of available commands. You might be in the wrong command mode or using incorrect syntax.  
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Using the Command Modes  
You can press Ctrl-Z or type end in any mode to immediately return to privileged EXEC (enable) mode,  
instead of entering exit, which returns you to the previous mode.  
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C H A P T E R  
4
Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card  
This chapter describes basic interface configuration for the ML-Series card to help you get your  
ML-Series card up and running. Advanced packet-over-SONET (POS) interface configuration is covered  
in Chapter 5, “Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card.” For more information about the Cisco IOS  
commands used in this chapter, refer to the Cisco IOS Command Reference publication.  
This chapter contains the following major sections:  
•
•
•
•
General Interface Guidelines, page 4-1  
Basic Interface Configuration, page 4-3  
Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration, page 4-4  
Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces, page 4-6  
General Interface Guidelines  
The main function of the ML-Series card is to relay packets from one data link to another. Consequently,  
you must configure the characteristics of the interfaces, which receive and send packets. Interface  
characteristics include, but are not limited to, IP address, address of the port, data encapsulation method,  
and media type.  
Many features are enabled on a per-interface basis. Interface configuration mode contains commands  
that modify the interface operation (for example, of an Ethernet port). When you enter the interface  
command, you must specify the interface type and number.  
The following general guidelines apply to all physical and virtual interface configuration processes:  
•
All interfaces have a name that is composed of an interface type (word) and a Port ID (number). For  
example, Fast Ethernet 2.  
•
•
Configure each interface with a bridge-group or IP address and IP subnet mask.  
VLANs are supported through the use of subinterfaces. The subinterface is a logical interface  
configured separately from the associated physical interface.  
•
Each physical interface, including the internal POS interfaces, has an assigned MAC address.  
MAC Addresses  
Every port or device that connects to an Ethernet network needs a MAC address. Other devices in the  
network use MAC addresses to locate specific ports in the network and to create and update routing  
tables and data structures.  
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General Interface Guidelines  
To find MAC addresses for a device, use the show interfaces command, as follows:  
ML_Series# show interfaces fastethernet 0  
FastEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up  
Hardware is epif_port, address is 000b.fcfa.339e (bia 000b.fcfa.339e)  
Description: 100 mbps full duplex q-in-q tunnel  
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,  
reliability 255/255, txload 18/255, rxload 200/255  
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set  
Keepalive set (10 sec)  
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX  
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00  
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never  
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never  
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0  
Queueing strategy: weighted fair  
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)  
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)  
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)  
Available Bandwidth 75000 kilobits/sec  
30 second input rate 78525000 bits/sec, 144348 packets/sec  
30 second output rate 7363000 bits/sec, 13537 packets/sec  
4095063706 packets input, 3885007012 bytes  
Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicast)  
2 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles  
4 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 1 overrun, 0 ignored  
0 watchdog, 0 multicast  
0 input packets with dribble condition detected  
1463732665 packets output, 749573412 bytes, 0 underruns  
131072 output errors, 131072 collisions, 0 interface resets  
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred  
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier  
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out  
Interface Port ID  
The interface port ID designates the physical location of the interface within the ML-Series card. It is  
the name that you use to identify the interface you are configuring. The system software uses interface  
port IDs to control activity within the ML-Series card and to display status information. Interface port  
IDs are not used by other devices in the network; they are specific to the individual ML-Series card and  
its internal components and software.  
The ML-100T-8 port IDs for the eight Fast Ethernet interfaces are Fast Ethernet 0 through 7. The  
ML-Series card features two POS ports. The ML-Series port IDs for the two POS interfaces are POS 0  
and 1. You can use user-defined abbreviations such as f0 through f7 to configure the eight Fast Ethernet  
interfaces, and POS0 and POS1 to configure the two POS ports.  
You can use Cisco IOS show commands to display information about any or all the interfaces of the  
ML-Series card.  
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Basic Interface Configuration  
Basic Interface Configuration  
The following general configuration instructions apply to all interfaces. Before you configure interfaces,  
develop a plan for a bridge or routed network.  
To configure an interface, do the following:  
Step 1  
Enter the configure EXEC command at the privileged EXEC prompt to enter global configuration mode.  
The key word your-password is the password set up by the user in the initial configuration of the  
ML-Series card.  
ML_Series> enable  
Password:<your-password>  
ML_Series# configure terminal  
ML_Series(config)#  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Enter the interface command, followed by the interface type (for example, fastethernet or pos) and its  
interface port ID (see the “Interface Port ID” section on page 4-2).  
For example, to configure a Fast Ethernet port, enter this command:  
ML_Series(config)# interface fastethernet number  
Follow each interface command with the interface configuration commands required for your particular  
interface.  
The commands you enter define the protocols and applications that will run on the interface. The  
ML-Series card collects and applies commands to the interface command until you enter another  
interface command or a command that is not an interface configuration command. You can also enter  
end to return to privileged EXEC mode.  
Step 4  
Check the status of the configured interface by entering the EXEC show interface command.  
ML_Series# show interfaces fastethernet 0  
FastEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up  
Hardware is epif_port, address is 000b.fcfa.339e (bia 000b.fcfa.339e)  
Description: 100 mbps full duplex q-in-q tunnel  
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,  
reliability 255/255, txload 18/255, rxload 200/255  
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set  
Keepalive set (10 sec)  
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX  
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00  
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never  
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never  
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0  
Queueing strategy: weighted fair  
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)  
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)  
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)  
Available Bandwidth 75000 kilobits/sec  
30 second input rate 78525000 bits/sec, 144348 packets/sec  
30 second output rate 7363000 bits/sec, 13537 packets/sec  
4095063706 packets input, 3885007012 bytes  
Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicast)  
2 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles  
4 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 1 overrun, 0 ignored  
0 watchdog, 0 multicast  
0 input packets with dribble condition detected  
1463732665 packets output, 749573412 bytes, 0 underruns  
131072 output errors, 131072 collisions, 0 interface resets  
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred  
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Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration  
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier  
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out  
Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration  
ML-Series cards support Fast Ethernet and POS interfaces. This section provides some examples of  
configurations for all interface types.  
To configure an IP address or bridge-group number on a Fast Ethernet or POS interface, perform the  
following procedure, beginning in global configuration mode:  
Configuring the Fast Ethernet Interfaces  
To configure the IP address or bridge-group number, autonegotiation, and flow control on a Fast Ethernet  
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Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series(config-if)# [no] duplex {full |  
Step 4  
Step 5  
Sets full duplex, half duplex, or autonegotiate  
mode.  
half | auto}  
ML_Series(config-if)# flowcontrol send {on  
| off | desired}  
(Optional) Sets the send flow control value for an  
interface. Flow control works only with port-level  
policing. ML-Series card Fast Ethernet port flow  
control is IEEE 802.3x compliant.  
ML_Series(config-if)# no shutdown  
ML_Series(config)# end  
Step 6  
Enables the interface by preventing it from  
shutting down.  
Step 7  
Step 8  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
ML_Series# copy running-config  
startup-config  
(Optional) Saves your configuration changes to  
the flash database.  
Example 4-1 shows how to do the initial configuration of a Fast Ethernet interface with an IP address,  
autonegotiated speed, and autonegotiated duplex.  
Example 4-1 Initial Configuration of a Fast Ethernet Interface  
ML_Series(config)# interface fastethernet 1  
ML_Series(config-if)# ip address 10.1.2.4 255.0.0.0  
ML_Series(config-if)# speed auto  
ML_Series(config-if)# duplex auto  
ML_Series(config-if)# no shutdown  
ML_Series(config-if)# end  
ML_Series# copy running-config startup-config  
Configuring the POS Interfaces  
Encapsulation changes on POS ports are allowed only when the interface is in a manual shutdown  
(ADMIN_DOWN). For advanced POS interface configuration, see Chapter 5, “Configuring POS on the  
ML-Series Card.”  
Note  
The initial state of the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card POS port is inactive. A POS  
interface command of no shutdown is required to carry traffic on the SONET circuit.  
To configure the IP address, bridge group, or encapsulation for the POS interface, perform the following  
procedure, beginning in global configuration mode:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series(config)# interface pos number  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Activates interface configuration mode to  
configure the POS interface.  
ML_Series(config-if)# {ip address  
ip-address subnet-mask | bridge-group  
bridge-group-number}  
Sets the IP address and subnet mask.  
or  
Assigns a network interface to a bridge group.  
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Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series(config-if)# shutdown  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Manually shuts down the interface. Encapsulation  
changes on POS ports are allowed only when the  
interface is shut down (ADMIN_DOWN).  
ML_Series(config-if)# encapsulation type  
Sets the encapsulation type. Valid values are:  
•
hdlc—Cisco high-level data link control  
(HDLC)  
•
lex—(Default) LAN extension, special  
encapsulation for use with Cisco ONS  
Ethernet line cards  
•
ppp—Point-to-Point Protocol  
Note  
Under GFP-F framing, the  
ONS 15310-CLand ONS 15310-MA  
ML-Series card is restricted to LEX  
encapsulation.  
ML_Series(config-if)# no shutdown  
ML_Series(config)# end  
Step 5  
Step 6  
Step 7  
Restarts the shutdown interface.  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
ML_Series# copy running-config  
startup-config  
(Optional) Saves configuration changes to  
NVRAM.  
Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces  
To verify the settings after you have configured the interfaces, enter the show interface command. For  
additional information on monitoring the operations on POS interfaces, see the “Configuring POS on the  
ML-Series Card” chapter.  
Example 4-2 shows the output from the show interface command, which displays the status of the  
interface including port speed and duplex operation.  
Example 4-2 show interface Command Output  
ML_Series# show interface fastethernet 0  
FastEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up  
Hardware is epif_port, address is 000b.fcfa.339e (bia 000b.fcfa.339e)  
Description: 100 mbps full duplex q-in-q tunnel  
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,  
reliability 255/255, txload 18/255, rxload 200/255  
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set  
Keepalive set (10 sec)  
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX  
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00  
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never  
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never  
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0  
Queueing strategy: weighted fair  
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)  
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)  
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)  
Available Bandwidth 75000 kilobits/sec  
30 second input rate 78525000 bits/sec, 144348 packets/sec  
30 second output rate 7363000 bits/sec, 13537 packets/sec  
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Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces  
4095063706 packets input, 3885007012 bytes  
Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicast)  
2 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles  
4 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 1 overrun, 0 ignored  
0 watchdog, 0 multicast  
0 input packets with dribble condition detected  
1463732665 packets output, 749573412 bytes, 0 underruns  
131072 output errors, 131072 collisions, 0 interface resets  
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred  
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier  
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out  
Enter the show controller command to display information about the Fast Ethernet controller chip.  
Example 4-3 shows the output from the show controller command, which shows statistics, including  
information about initialization block information and raw MAC counters.  
Example 4-3 show controller Command Output  
ML_Series# show controller fastethernet 0  
IF Name: FastEthernet0  
Port Status UP  
Send Flow Control  
: Disabled  
Receive Flow Control : Enabled  
MAC registers  
CMCR : 0x00000433 (Tx Enabled, Rx Enabled)  
CMPR : 0x150B0A82 (Long Frame Enabled)  
FCR : 0x00008007  
MII registers:  
Control Register  
Status Register  
(0x0): 0x100 (Auto negotation disabled)  
(0x1): 0x780D (Link status Up)  
PHY Identification Register 1 (0x2): 0x40  
PHY Identification Register 2 (0x3): 0x61D4  
Auto Neg. Advertisement Reg  
(0x4): 0x461 (Speed 10, Duplex Full)  
Auto Neg. Partner Ability Reg (0x5): 0x0  
Auto Neg. Expansion Register (0x6): 0x4  
(Speed 10, Duplex Half)  
100Base-X Aux Control Reg  
(0x10): 0x0  
100Base-X Aux Status Register(0x11): 0x0  
100Base-X Rcv Error Counter (0x12): 0x0  
100Base-X False Carr. Counter(0x13): 0x400  
100Base-X Disconnect Counter (0x14): 0x200  
Aux Control/Status Register (0x18): 0x31  
Aux Status Summary Register (0x19): 0x5  
Interrupt Register  
(0x1A): 0xC000  
10Base-T Aux Err & Gen Status(0x1C): 0x3021  
Aux Mode Register  
Aux Multi-phy Register  
(0x1D): 0x0  
(0x1E): 0x0  
Counters :  
MAC receive conters:  
Bytes  
749876721  
pkt64  
2394  
pkts64to127  
49002  
21291  
11308  
40175  
24947  
54893  
11319  
0
pkts128to255  
pkts256to511  
pkts512to1023  
pkts1024to1518  
pkts1519to1530  
pkts_good_giants  
pkts_error_giants  
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Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces  
pkts_good_runts  
pkts_error_runts  
pkts_ucast  
0
5
26976  
pkts_mcast  
57281  
pkts_bcast  
align_errors  
FCS_errors  
0
1
5
0
Overruns  
MAC Transmit Counters  
Bytes  
pkts64  
pkts65to127  
pkts128to255  
pkts256to511  
pkts512to1023  
pkts1024to1518  
pkts1519to1530  
pkts_ucast  
1657084026  
23344  
48188  
12358  
38550  
24897  
11305  
62760  
17250  
23108  
11  
pkts_mcast  
pkts_bcast  
pkts_fcs_err  
pkts_giants  
pkts_underruns  
pkts_one_collision  
0
0
0
0
pkts_multiple_collisions 0  
pkts_excessive_collision 0  
Ucode drops  
2053079661  
Enter the show run interface [type number] command to display information about the configuration of  
the Fast Ethernet interface. The command is useful when there are multiple interfaces and you want to  
look at the configuration of a specific interface.  
Example 4-4 shows output from the show run interface [type number] command, which includes  
information about the IP or lack of IP address and the state of the interface.  
Example 4-4 show run interface Command Output  
daytona# show run interface fastethernet 1  
Building configuration...  
Current configuration : 222 bytes  
!
interface FastEthernet1  
no ip address  
duplex full  
speed 10  
mode dot1q-tunnel  
l2protocol-tunnel cdp  
l2protocol-tunnel stp  
l2protocol-tunnel vtp  
no cdp enable  
bridge-group 2  
bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled  
end  
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C H A P T E R  
5
Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card  
This chapter describes advanced packet-over-SONET (POS) interface configuration for the ML-Series  
card. Basic POS interface configuration is included in Chapter 4, “Configuring Interfaces on the  
ML-Series Card.” For more information about the Cisco IOS commands used in this chapter, refer to the  
Cisco IOS Command Reference publication.  
This chapter contains the following major sections:  
•
•
•
Understanding POS on the ML-Series Card, page 5-1  
Configuring the POS Interface, page 5-3  
Monitoring and Verifying POS, page 5-8  
Understanding POS on the ML-Series Card  
Ethernet frames and IP data packets need to be framed and encapsulated into SONET frames for  
transport across the SONET network. This framing and encapsulation process is known as POS and is  
carried out by the ML-Series card.  
The ML-Series card treats all the standard Ethernet ports on the front of the card and the two POS ports  
as switch ports. Under Cisco IOS, the POS port is an interface similar to the other Ethernet interfaces on  
the ML-Series card. Many standard Cisco IOS features, such as IEEE 802.1 Q VLAN configuration, are  
configured on the POS interface in the same manner as on a standard Ethernet interface. Other features  
and configurations are done strictly on the POS interface. The configuration of features limited to POS  
ports is shown in this chapter.  
Available Circuit Sizes and Combinations  
Each POS port terminates an independent contiguous SONET concatenation (CCAT) or virtual SONET  
concatenation (VCAT). The SONET circuit is created for these ports through Cisco Transport Controller  
(CTC) or Transaction Language One (TL1) in the same manner as a SONET circuit is created for a  
non-Ethernet line card. Table 5-1shows the circuit sizes available for the ML-Series card on the  
ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA, and the circuit sizes required for Ethernet wire speeds.  
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Understanding POS on the ML-Series Card  
Table 5-1  
ML-Series Card Supported Circuit Sizes and Sizes Required for Ethernet Wire Speeds  
Ethernet Wire Speed CCAT High Order  
VCAT High Order  
STS-1-1v  
STS-1-2v1  
10 Mbps  
STS-1  
—
100 Mbps  
1. STS-1-2v provides a total transport capacity of 98 Mbps  
Caution  
The maximum tolerable VCAT differential delay for the ML-100T-8 is 48 milliseconds. The VCAT  
differential delay is the relative arrival time measurement between members of a virtual concatenation  
group (VCG).  
Note  
Note  
The initial state of the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card POS port is inactive. A POS  
interface command of no shutdown is required to carry traffic on the SONET circuit.  
ML-Series card POS interfaces normally send an alarm for signal label mismatch failure in the ONS  
15454 STS path overhead (PDI-P) to the far end when the POS link goes down or when RPR wraps.  
ML-Series card POS interfaces do not send PDI-P to the far-end when PDI-P is detected, when a remote  
defection indication alarm (RDI-P) is being sent to the far end, or when the only defects detected are  
generic framing procedure (GFP)-loss of frame delineation (LFD), GFP client signal fail (CSF), virtual  
concatenation (VCAT)-loss of multiframe (LOM), or VCAT-loss of sequence (SQM).  
LCAS Support  
The ML-100T-8 card and the CE-100T-8 card (both the ONS 15310-CL/ONS 15310-MA version and the  
ONS 15454 SONET/SDH version) have hardware-based support for the ITU-T G.7042 standard link  
capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS). This allows the user to dynamically resize a high-order or  
low-order VCAT circuit through CTC or TL1 without affecting other members of the VCG (errorless).  
ML-100T-8 LCAS support is high order only and is limited to a two-member VCG.  
The ONS 15454 SONET/SDH ML-Series card has a software-based LCAS (SW-LCAS) scheme. This  
scheme is also supported by both the ML-100T-8 card and both versions of the CE-100T-8, but only for  
circuits terminating on an ONS 15454 SONET ML-Series card.  
J1 Path Trace, and SONET Alarms  
The ML-100T-8 card also reports SONET alarms and transmits and monitors the J1 path trace byte in  
the same manner as OC-N cards. Support for path termination functions includes:  
•
•
•
•
H1 and H2 concatenation indication  
Bit interleaved parity 3 (BIP-3) generation  
G1 path status indication  
C2 path signal label read/write  
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Chapter 5 Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card  
Configuring the POS Interface  
•
•
Path-level alarms and conditions, including loss of pointer (LOP), unequipped (UNEQ-P), payload  
mismatch (PLM-P), alarm indication signal (AIS) detection, and remote defect indication (RDI)  
J1 path trace for high-order paths  
Framing Mode, Encapsulation, Scrambling, MTU and CRC Support  
The ML-Series card on the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA supports high-level data link control  
(HDLC) framing and frame-mapped generic framing procedure (GFP-F) framing. Supported  
encapsulation and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) sizes for the framing types are detailed in Table 5-2.  
Table 5-2  
ML-Series Card Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC Sizes  
GFP-F Framing  
LEX (default)1  
Cisco HDLC  
PPP/BCP  
HDLC Framing  
Encapsulations  
LEX (default)  
CRC Sizes  
32-bit (default)  
32-bit (default)  
None (FCS disabled)  
1. RPR requires LEX encapsulation in either framing mode.  
LEX is the common term for Cisco-EoS-LEX, which is a proprietary Cisco Ethernet-over-SONET  
encapsulation. This encapsulation is available on most ONS Ethernet cards. When the ML-Series card  
is configured for GFP-F framing, the LEX encapsulation is in accordance with ITU-T G.7041 as  
standard mapped Ethernet over GFP. Under GFP-F framing, the Cisco IOS CLI also uses this lex  
keyword to represent standard mapped Ethernet over GFP-F.  
LEX encapsulation is the required and default encapsulation for RPR on the ML-Series card. The  
maximum transmission unit (MTU) size is not configurable and is set at a 1500-byte maximum (standard  
Ethernet MTU). In addition, the ML-Series card supports baby giant frames in which the standard  
Ethernet frame is augmented by IEEE 802.1 Q tags or Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) tags. It  
does not support full Jumbo frames.  
The ML-Series card supports GFP null mode. GFP-F client-management frames (CMFs) are counted and  
discarded.  
The ML-100T-8 card is interoperable with the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA CE-100T-8 card and  
several other ONS Ethernet cards. For specific details on the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA  
CE-100T-8 card’s encapsulation, framing, and CRC, see Chapter 17, “CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation.”  
For specific details on interoperability with other ONS system Ethernet cards, including framing mode,  
encapsulation, and CRC, refer to the “POS on ONS Ethernet Cards” chapter of the Cisco ONS 15454  
and Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide.  
Configuring the POS Interface  
The user can configure framing mode, encapsulation, and Cisco IOS SONET alarm reporting parameters  
through Cisco IOS.  
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Configuring the POS Interface  
Scrambling on the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card is on by default and is not  
configurable. The C2 byte is not configurable. CRC-under-HDLC framing is restricted to 32-bit and is  
not configurable. CRC-under-GFP-F is restricted to 32-bit, but can be enabled (default) and disabled.  
Note  
ML-Series card POS interfaces normally send PDI-P to the far end when the POS link goes down or RPR  
wraps. ML-Series card POS interfaces do not send PDI-P to the far end when PDI-P is detected, when  
RDI-P is being sent to the far end, or when the only defects detected are GFP LFD, GFP CSF,  
VCAT LOM, or VCAT SQM.  
Configuring POS Interface Framing Mode  
You can configure framing mode on an ML-100T-8 card through Cisco IOS. You cannot configure  
framing mode through CTC on the ML-100T-8 card.  
Framing mode can be changed on a port by port basis. The user does not need to delete the existing  
circuits or reboot the ML-100T-8 card. On the ONS 15454 or ONS 15454 SDH ML-Series cards, the  
circuits must be deleted and the card must reboot for the framing mode to change.  
To configure framing mode for the ML-Series card, perform the following steps, beginning in global  
configuration mode:  
Command  
Purpose  
Router(config)# interface pos number  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Activates interface configuration mode to  
configure the POS interface.  
Router(config-if)# shutdown  
Manually shuts down the interface. Encapsulation  
and framing mode changes on POS ports are  
allowed only when the interface is shut down  
(ADMIN_DOWN).  
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Configuring the POS Interface  
Command  
Purpose  
Router(config-if)# [no] pos mode gfp  
[fcs-disabled]  
Step 3  
Sets the framing mode employed by the ONS  
Ethernet card for framing and encapsulating data  
packets onto the SONET transport layer. Valid  
framing modes are:  
•
HDLC—A common mechanism employed in  
framing data packets for SONET. HDLC is  
not a keyword choice in the command. The no  
form of the command sets the framing mode  
to Cisco HDLC.  
•
GFP (default)—The ML-Series card supports  
the frame mapped version of generic framing  
procedure (GFP-F).  
GFP-F with a 32-bit CRC, also referred to as  
frame check sequence (FCS), is enabled by  
default. The optional FCS-disabled keyword  
disables the GFP-F 32-bit FCS.  
The FCS-disabled keyword is not available when  
setting the framing mode to Cisco HDLC.  
Note  
CRC-under-HDLC framing is restricted to  
a 32-bit size and cannot be disabled.  
Note  
The GFP-F FCS is compliant with ITU-T  
G.7041/Y.1303  
Router(config-if)# no shutdown  
Router(config)# end  
Step 4  
Step 5  
Step 6  
Restarts the shutdown interface.  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
Router# copy running-config startup-config  
(Optional) Saves configuration changes to  
NVRAM.  
Configuring POS Interface Encapsulation Type Under GFP-F Framing  
To configure the encapsulation type for a ML-Series card, perform the following steps beginning in  
global configuration mode:  
Command  
Purpose  
Router(config)# interface pos number  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Activates interface configuration mode to  
configure the POS interface.  
Router(config-if)# shutdown  
Manually shuts down the interface. Encapsulation  
and framing mode changes on POS ports are  
allowed only when the interface is shut down  
(ADMIN_DOWN).  
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Configuring the POS Interface  
Command  
Purpose  
Sets the encapsulation type. Valid values are:  
Router(config-if)# encapsulation type  
Step 3  
•
•
hdlc—Cisco HDLC  
lex—(default) LAN extension  
(Cisco-EoS-LEX), special encapsulation for  
use with Cisco ONS Ethernet line cards  
•
ppp—Point-to-Point Protocol  
Note  
Under HDLC framing, the  
ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA  
ML-Series card is restricted to LEX  
encapsulation.  
Router(config-if)# no shutdown  
Router(config)# end  
Step 4  
Step 5  
Step 6  
Restarts the shutdown interface.  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
Router# copy running-config startup-config  
(Optional) Saves configuration changes to  
NVRAM.  
SONET Alarms  
The ML-Series cards report SONET alarms under Cisco IOS, CTC, and TL1. A number of path alarms  
are reported in the Cisco IOS console. Configuring Cisco IOS console alarm reporting has no effect on  
CTC and TL1 alarm reporting. The “Configuring SONET Alarms” section on page 5-6 procedure  
specifies the alarms reported to the Cisco IOS console.  
CTC and TL1 have sophisticated SONET alarm reporting capabilities. The ML-Series card reports  
Telcordia GR-253 SONET alarms on the Alarms tab of CTC, and in TL1-like other ONS system line  
cards. For more information about alarms and alarm definitions, refer to the “Alarm Troubleshooting”  
chapter of the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide.  
Configuring SONET Alarms  
All SONET alarms are logged on the Cisco IOS CLI by default. But to provision or disable the reporting  
of SONET alarms on the Cisco IOS CLI, perform the following steps beginning in global configuration  
mode:  
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Configuring the POS Interface  
Command  
Purpose  
Router(config)# interface pos  
number  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Enters interface configuration mode and specifies the POS  
interface to configure.  
Router(config-if)# pos report  
{all | encap | pais | plop | ppdi  
| pplm | prdi | ptim | puneq |  
sd-ber-b3 | sf-ber-b3}  
Permits console logging of selected SONET alarms. Use the  
no form of the command to disable reporting of a specific  
alarm.  
The alarms are as follows:  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
all—All alarms/signals  
encap—Path encapsulation mismatch  
pais—Path alarm indication signal  
plop—Path loss of pointer  
ppdi—Path payload defect indication  
pplm—Payload label, C2 mismatch  
prdi—Path remote defect indication  
ptim—Path trace identifier mismatch  
puneq—Path label equivalent to zero  
sd-ber-b3—PBIP BER in excess of SD threshold  
sf-ber-b3—PBIP BER in excess of SF threshold  
Router(config-if)# end  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Returns to the privileged EXEC mode.  
Router# copy running-config  
startup-config  
(Optional) Saves configuration changes to NVRAM.  
To determine which alarms are reported on the POS interface and to display the bit error rate (BER)  
thresholds, use the show controllers pos command, as described in the “Monitoring and Verifying POS”  
section on page 5-8.  
Configuring SONET Delay Triggers  
You can set path alarms listed as triggers to bring down the line protocol of the POS interface. When you  
configure the path alarms as triggers, you can also specify a delay for the triggers using the pos trigger  
delay command. You can set the delay from 200 to 2000 ms. If you do not specify a time interval, the  
default delay is set to 200 ms.  
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Monitoring and Verifying POS  
To configure path alarms as triggers and specify a delay, perform the following steps beginning in global  
configuration mode:  
Command  
Purpose  
Router(config)# interface pos  
number  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Enters interface configuration mode and specifies the POS  
interface to configure.  
Router(config-if)# pos trigger  
defect {all | ber_sf_b3 | encap  
| pais | plop | ppdi | pplm |  
prdi | ptim | puneq}  
Configures certain path defects as triggers to bring down the  
POS interface. The configurable triggers are as follows:  
•
•
all—All link down alarm failures  
ber_sd_b3—PBIP BER in excess of SD threshold  
failure  
•
•
ber_sf_b3—PBIP BER in excess of SD threshold failure  
(default)  
encap—Path Signal Label Encapsulation Mismatch  
failure (default)  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
pais—Path Alarm Indication Signal failure (default)  
plop—Path Loss of Pointer failure (default)  
ppdi—Path Payload Defect Indication failure (default)  
pplm—Payload label mismatch path (default)  
prdi—Path Remote Defect Indication failure (default)  
ptim—Path Trace Indicator Mismatch failure (default)  
puneq—Path Label Equivalent to Zero failure (default)  
Router(config-if)# pos trigger  
delaymillisecond  
Step 3  
Sets waiting period before the line protocol of the interface  
goes down. Delay can be set from 200 to 2000 ms. If no time  
intervals are specified, the default delay is set to 200 ms.  
Router(config-if)# end  
Step 4  
Step 5  
Returns to the privileged EXEC mode.  
Router# copy running-config  
startup-config  
(Optional) Saves configuration changes to NVRAM.  
Monitoring and Verifying POS  
Showing the outputs framing mode and concatenation information with the show controller pos [0 | 1]  
command (Example 5-1).  
Example 5-1 Showing Framing Mode and Concatenation Information with the show controller pos  
[0 | 1] Command  
ML_Series# show controller pos0  
Interface POS0  
Hardware is Packet Over SONET  
Framing Mode: HDLC  
Concatenation: CCAT  
*************** GFP ***************  
Active Alarms : None  
Active Alarms : None  
LDF  
= 0  
CSF  
= 0  
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Monitoring and Verifying POS  
CCAT/VCAT info not available yet!  
56517448726 total input packets, 4059987309747 post-encap bytes  
0 input short packets, ?? pre-encap bytes  
283 input CRCerror packets , 0 input drop packets  
564 rx HDLC addr mismatchs , 564 rx HDLC ctrl mismatchs  
564 rx HDLC sapi mismatchs , 564 rx HDLC ctrl mismatchs  
0 rx HDLC destuff errors , 564 rx HDLC invalid frames  
0 input abort packets  
5049814101 input packets dropped by ucode  
0 input packets congestion drops  
56733042489 input good packets (POS MAC rx)  
4073785395967 input good octets (POS MAC rx)  
56701415757 total output packets, 4059987309747 post-encap bytes  
Carrier delay is 200 msec  
Showing scrambling with the show interface pos [0 | 1] command (Example 5-2).  
Example 5-2 Showing Scrambling with the show interface pos [0 | 1] Command  
ML_Series# show interface pos 0  
POS0 is up, line protocol is down  
Hardware is Packet Over SONET, address is 000b.fcfa.33b0 (bia 000b.fcfa.33b0)  
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 48384 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,  
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255  
Encapsulation: Cisco-EoS-LEX, loopback not set  
Keepalive set (10 sec)  
Scramble enabled  
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00  
Last input 22:46:51, output never, output hang never  
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 1w5d  
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0  
Queueing strategy: fifo  
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)  
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec  
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec  
777 packets input, 298426 bytes  
Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicast)  
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles  
0 parity  
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored  
0 input packets with dribble condition detected  
769 packets output, 296834 bytes, 0 underruns  
0 output errors, 0 applique, 1 interface resets  
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred  
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier  
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out  
0 carrier transitions  
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Monitoring and Verifying POS  
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C H A P T E R  
6
Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card  
This chapter describes the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and the ML-Series  
implementation of the IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). It also explains how to  
configure STP and RSTP on the ML-Series card.  
This chapter consists of these sections:  
•
•
•
•
•
STP Features, page 6-1  
RSTP Features, page 6-9  
Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP, page 6-15  
Configuring STP and RSTP Features, page 6-15  
Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status, page 6-20  
STP Features  
These sections describe how the spanning-tree features work:  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
STP Overview, page 6-2  
Supported STP Instances, page 6-2  
Bridge Protocol Data Units, page 6-2  
Election of the Root Switch, page 6-3  
Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID, page 6-4  
Spanning-Tree Timers, page 6-4  
Creating the Spanning-Tree Topology, page 6-5  
Spanning-Tree Interface States, page 6-5  
Spanning-Tree Address Management, page 6-8  
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks, page 6-8  
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity, page 6-8  
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity, page 6-9  
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STP Features  
STP Overview  
STP is a Layer 2 link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing loops in the  
network. For a Layer 2 Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist between  
any two stations. Spanning-tree operation is transparent to end stations, which cannot detect whether  
they are connected to a single LAN segment or a switched LAN of multiple segments.  
When you create fault-tolerant internetworks, you must have a loop-free path between all nodes in a  
network. The spanning-tree algorithm calculates the best loop-free path throughout a switched Layer 2  
network. Switches send and receive spanning-tree frames, called bridge protocol data units (BPDUs), at  
regular intervals. The switches do not forward these frames, but use the frames to construct a loop-free  
path.  
Multiple active paths among end stations cause loops in the network. If a loop exists in the network, end  
stations might receive duplicate messages. Switches might also learn end-station MAC addresses on  
multiple Layer 2 interfaces. These conditions result in an unstable network.  
Spanning tree defines a tree with a root switch and a loop-free path from the root to all switches in the  
Layer 2 network. Spanning tree forces redundant data paths into a standby (blocked) state. If a network  
segment in the spanning tree fails and a redundant path exists, the spanning-tree algorithm recalculates  
the spanning-tree topology and activates the standby path.  
When two interfaces on a switch are part of a loop, the spanning-tree port priority and path cost settings  
determine which interface is put in the forwarding state and which is put in the blocking state. The port  
priority value represents the location of an interface in the network topology and how well it is located  
to pass traffic. The path cost value represents media speed.  
Supported STP Instances  
The ML-Series card supports the per-VLAN spanning tree (PVST+) and a maximum of  
255 spanning-tree instances.  
Caution  
At more than 100 STP instances the STP instances may flap and may result in MAC entries flushed, and  
MAC entries learned again and again. This will cause flooding in the network. So it is recommended to  
keep the STP instances to be less than 100, to keep system from being unstable.  
Bridge Protocol Data Units  
The stable, active, spanning-tree topology of a switched network is determined by these elements:  
•
•
•
Unique bridge ID (switch priority and MAC address) associated with each VLAN on each switch  
Spanning-tree path cost to the root switch  
Port identifier (port priority and MAC address) associated with each Layer 2 interface  
When the switches in a network are powered up, each functions as the root switch. Each switch sends a  
configuration BPDU through all of its ports. The BPDUs communicate and compute the spanning-tree  
topology. Each configuration BPDU contains this information:  
•
•
•
Unique bridge ID of the switch that the sending switch identifies as the root switch  
Spanning-tree path cost to the root  
Bridge ID of the sending switch  
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STP Features  
•
•
•
Message age  
Identifier of the sending interface  
Values for the hello, forward delay, and max-age protocol timers  
When a switch receives a configuration BPDU that contains superior information (lower bridge ID,  
lower path cost, etc.), it stores the information for that port. If this BPDU is received on the root port of  
the switch, the switch also forwards it with an updated message to all attached LANs for which it is the  
designated switch.  
If a switch receives a configuration BPDU that contains inferior information to that currently stored for  
that port, it discards the BPDU. If the switch is a designated switch for the LAN from which the inferior  
BPDU was received, it sends that LAN a BPDU containing the up-to-date information stored for that  
port. In this way, inferior information is discarded, and superior information is propagated on the  
network.  
A BPDU exchange results in these actions:  
•
•
One switch in the network is elected as the root switch.  
A root port is selected for each switch (except the root switch). This port provides the best path  
(lowest cost) when the switch forwards packets to the root switch.  
•
•
The shortest distance to the root switch is calculated for each switch based on the path cost.  
A designated switch for each LAN segment is selected. The designated switch incurs the lowest path  
cost when forwarding packets from that LAN to the root switch. The port through which the  
designated switch is attached to the LAN is called the designated port.  
•
•
Interfaces included in the spanning-tree instance are selected. Root ports and designated ports are  
put in the forwarding state.  
All interfaces not included in the spanning tree are blocked.  
Election of the Root Switch  
All switches in the Layer 2 network participating in the spanning tree gather information about other  
switches in the network through an exchange of BPDU data messages. This exchange of messages results  
in these actions:  
•
•
•
Election of a unique root switch for each spanning-tree instance  
Election of a designated switch for every switched LAN segment  
Removal of loops in the switched network by blocking Layer 2 interfaces connected to redundant  
links  
For each VLAN, the switch with the highest switch priority (the lowest numerical priority value) is  
elected as the root switch. If all switches are configured with the default priority (32768), the switch with  
the lowest MAC address in the VLAN becomes the root switch. The switch priority value occupies the  
most significant bits of the bridge ID.  
When you change the switch priority value, you change the probability that the switch will be elected as  
the root switch. Configuring a higher value decreases the probability; a lower value increases the  
probability.  
The root switch is the logical center of the spanning-tree topology in a switched network. All paths that  
are not needed to reach the root switch from anywhere in the switched network are placed in the  
spanning-tree blocking mode.  
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STP Features  
BPDUs contain information about the sending switch and its ports, including switch and MAC  
addresses, switch priority, port priority, and path cost. Spanning tree uses this information to elect the  
root switch and root port for the switched network and the root port and designated port for each  
switched segment.  
Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID  
The IEEE 802.1D standard requires that each switch has an unique bridge identifier (bridge ID), which  
determines the selection of the root switch. Because each VLAN is considered as a different  
logical bridge with PVST+, the same switch must have as many different bridge IDs as VLANs  
configured on it. Each VLAN on the switch has a unique 8-byte bridge ID; the two most-significant bytes  
are used for the switch priority, and the remaining six bytes are derived from the switch MAC address.  
The ML-Series card supports the IEEE 802.1T spanning-tree extensions, and some of the bits previously  
used for the switch priority are now used as the bridge ID. The result is that fewer MAC addresses are  
reserved for the switch, and a larger range of VLAN IDs can be supported, all while maintaining the  
uniqueness of the bridge ID. As shown in Table 6-1, the two bytes previously used for the switch priority  
are reallocated into a 4-bit priority value and a 12-bit extended system ID value equal to the bridge ID.  
In earlier releases, the switch priority is a 16-bit value.  
Table 6-1  
Switch Priority Value and Extended System ID  
Switch Priority Value  
Bit 16 Bit 15 Bit 14 Bit 13 Bit 12 Bit 11 Bit 10 Bit 9 Bit 8 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1  
32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16  
Extended System ID (Set Equal to the Bridge ID)  
8
4
2
1
Spanning tree uses the extended system ID, the switch priority, and the allocated spanning-tree MAC  
address to make the bridge ID unique for each VLAN.  
Spanning-Tree Timers  
Table 6-2 describes the timers that affect the entire spanning-tree performance.  
Table 6-2  
Spanning-Tree Timers  
Variable  
Description  
Hello timer  
When this timer expires, the interface sends out a Hello message to the  
neighboring nodes.  
Forward-delay timer  
Maximum-age timer  
Determines how long each of the listening and learning states last before the  
interface begins forwarding.  
Determines the amount of time the switch stores protocol information  
received on an interface.  
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STP Features  
Creating the Spanning-Tree Topology  
In Figure 6-1, Switch A is elected as the root switch because the switch priority of all the switches is set  
to the default (32768) and Switch A has the lowest MAC address. However, because of traffic patterns,  
number of forwarding interfaces, or link types, Switch A might not be the ideal root switch. By  
increasing the priority (lowering the numerical value) of the ideal switch so that it becomes the root  
switch, you force a spanning-tree recalculation to form a new topology with the ideal switch as the root.  
Figure 6-1  
Spanning-Tree Topology  
ML-Series  
ML-Series  
DP  
DP  
A
D
DP  
RP DP DP  
DP  
RP  
DP  
RP  
B
C
ML-Series  
ML-Series  
RP = root port  
DP = designated port  
When the spanning-tree topology is calculated based on default parameters, the path between source and  
destination end stations in a switched network might not be ideal. For instance, connecting higher-speed  
links to an interface that has a higher number than the root port can cause a root-port change. The goal  
is to make the fastest link the root port.  
Spanning-Tree Interface States  
Propagation delays can occur when protocol information passes through a switched LAN. As a result,  
topology changes can take place at different times and at different places in a switched network. When  
an interface transitions directly from nonparticipation in the spanning-tree topology to the forwarding  
state, it can create temporary data loops. Interfaces must wait for new topology information to propagate  
through the switched LAN before starting to forward frames. They must allow the frame lifetime to  
expire for forwarded frames that have used the old topology.  
Each Layer 2 interface on a switch using spanning tree exists in one of these states:  
•
•
Blocking—The interface does not participate in frame forwarding.  
Listening—The first transitional state after the blocking state when the spanning tree determines  
that the interface should participate in frame forwarding.  
•
•
•
Learning—The interface prepares to participate in frame forwarding.  
Forwarding—The interface forwards frames.  
Disabled—The interface is not participating in spanning tree because of a shutdown port, no link on  
the port, or no spanning-tree instance running on the port.  
An interface moves through these states:  
1. From initialization to blocking  
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2. From blocking to listening or to disabled  
3. From listening to learning or to disabled  
4. From learning to forwarding or to disabled  
5. From forwarding to disabled  
Figure 6-2 illustrates how an interface moves through the states.  
Figure 6-2  
Spanning-Tree Interface States  
Power-on  
initialization  
Blocking  
state  
Listening  
state  
Disabled  
state  
Learning  
state  
Forwarding  
state  
When you power up the switch, STP is enabled by default, and every interface in the switch, VLAN, or  
network goes through the blocking state and the transitory states of listening and learning. Spanning tree  
stabilizes each interface at the forwarding or blocking state.  
When the spanning-tree algorithm places a Layer 2 interface in the forwarding state, this process occurs:  
1. The interface is in the listening state while spanning tree waits for protocol information to transition  
the interface to the blocking state.  
2. While spanning tree waits for the forward-delay timer to expire, it moves the interface to the  
learning state and resets the forward-delay timer.  
3. In the learning state, the interface continues to block frame forwarding as the switch learns  
end-station location information for the forwarding database.  
4. When the forward-delay timer expires, spanning tree moves the interface to the forwarding state,  
where both learning and frame forwarding are enabled.  
Blocking State  
A Layer 2 interface in the blocking state does not participate in frame forwarding. After initialization, a  
BPDU is sent to each interface in the switch. A switch initially functions as the root until it exchanges  
BPDUs with other switches. This exchange establishes which switch in the network is the root or root  
switch. If there is only one switch in the network, no exchange occurs, the forward-delay timer expires,  
and the interfaces move to the listening state. An interface always enters the blocking state after switch  
initialization.  
An interface in the blocking state performs as follows:  
•
Discards frames received on the port  
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•
•
•
Discards frames switched from another interface for forwarding  
Does not learn addresses  
Receives BPDUs  
Listening State  
Learning State  
Forwarding State  
Disabled State  
The listening state is the first state a Layer 2 interface enters after the blocking state. The interface enters  
this state when the spanning tree determines that the interface should participate in frame forwarding.  
An interface in the listening state performs as follows:  
•
•
•
•
Discards frames received on the port  
Discards frames switched from another interface for forwarding  
Does not learn addresses  
Receives BPDUs  
A Layer 2 interface in the learning state prepares to participate in frame forwarding. The interface enters  
the learning state from the listening state.  
An interface in the learning state performs as follows:  
•
•
•
•
Discards frames received on the port  
Discards frames switched from another interface for forwarding  
Learns addresses  
Receives BPDUs  
A Layer 2 interface in the forwarding state forwards frames. The interface enters the forwarding state  
from the learning state.  
An interface in the forwarding state performs as follows:  
•
•
•
•
Receives and forwards frames received on the port  
Forwards frames switched from another port  
Learns addresses  
Receives BPDUs  
A Layer 2 interface in the disabled state does not participate in frame forwarding or in the spanning tree.  
An interface in the disabled state is nonoperational.  
A disabled interface performs as follows:  
•
•
•
Forwards frames switched from another interface for forwarding  
Learns addresses  
Does not receive BPDUs  
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STP Features  
Spanning-Tree Address Management  
IEEE 802.1D specifies 17 multicast addresses, ranging from 0x00180C2000000 to 0x0180C2000010, to  
be used by different bridge protocols. These addresses are static addresses that cannot be removed.  
The ML-Series card switches supported BPDUs (0x0180C2000000 and 01000CCCCCCD) when they  
are being tunneled via the protocol tunneling feature.  
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks  
When you connect a Cisco switch to a non-Cisco device through an IEEE 802.1Q trunk, the Cisco switch  
uses PVST+ to provide spanning-tree interoperability. PVST+ is automatically enabled on IEEE 802.1Q  
trunks after users assign a protocol to a bridge group. The external spanning-tree behavior on access  
ports and Inter-Switch Link (ISL) trunk ports is not affected by PVST+.  
For more information on IEEE 802.1Q trunks, see Chapter 7, “Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series  
Card.”  
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity  
You can create a redundant backbone with spanning tree by connecting two switch interfaces to another  
device or to two different devices. Spanning tree automatically disables one interface but enables it if  
the other one fails, as shown in Figure 6-3. If one link is high speed and the other is low speed, the  
low-speed link is always disabled. If the speeds are the same, the port priority and port ID are added  
together, and spanning tree disables the link with the lowest value.  
Figure 6-3  
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity  
ML-Series  
ONS 15454  
with ML100T-12  
ML-Series  
Active link  
Blocked link  
Workstations  
You can also create redundant links between switches by using EtherChannel groups. For more  
information, see Chapter 9, “Configuring Link Aggregation on the ML-Series Card.”  
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RSTP Features  
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity  
The default for aging dynamic addresses is 5 minutes, which is the default setting of the bridge  
bridge-group-number aging-time  
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RSTP Features  
Port Roles and the Active Topology  
The RSTP provides rapid convergence of the spanning tree by assigning port roles and by determining  
the active topology. The RSTP builds upon the IEEE 802.1D STP to select the switch with the highest  
switch priority (lowest numerical priority value) as the root switch as described in the “Election of the  
Root Switch” section on page 6-3. Then the RSTP assigns one of these port roles to individual ports:  
•
•
Root port—Provides the best path (lowest cost) when the switch forwards packets to the root switch.  
Designated port—Connects to the designated switch, which incurs the lowest path cost when  
forwarding packets from that LAN to the root switch. The port through which the designated switch  
is attached to the LAN is called the designated port.  
•
•
Alternate port—Offers an alternate path toward the root switch to that provided by the current root  
port.  
Backup port—Acts as a backup for the path provided by a designated port toward the leaves of the  
spanning tree. A backup port can exist only when two ports are connected together in a loopback by  
a point-to-point link or when a switch has two or more connections to a shared LAN segment.  
•
Disabled port—Has no role within the operation of the spanning tree.  
A port with the root or a designated port role is included in the active topology. A port with the alternate  
or backup port role is excluded from the active topology.  
In a stable topology with consistent port roles throughout the network, the RSTP ensures that every root  
port and designated port immediately transition to the forwarding state while all alternate and backup  
ports are always in the discarding state (equivalent to blocking in IEEE 802.1D). The port state controls  
the operation of the forwarding and learning processes. Table 6-3 provides a comparison of  
IEEE 802.1D and RSTP port states.  
Table 6-3  
Port State Comparison  
Is Port Included in the  
Active Topology?  
Operational Status  
STP Port State  
RSTP Port State  
Enabled  
Blocking  
Discarding  
No  
Caution  
STP edge ports are bridge ports that do not need STP enabled, where loop protection is not needed out  
of that port or an STP neighbor does not exist out of that port. For RSTP, it is important to disable STP  
on edge ports, which are typically front-side Ethernet ports, using the command bridge  
bridge-group-number spanning-disabled on the appropriate interface. If RSTP is not disabled on edge  
ports, convergence times will be excessive for packets traversing those ports.  
Note  
To be consistent with Cisco STP implementations, Table 6-3 describes the port state as blocking instead  
of discarding. Designated ports start in the listening state.  
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RSTP Features  
Rapid Convergence  
The RSTP provides for rapid recovery of connectivity following the failure of switch, a switch port, or  
a LAN. It provides rapid convergence for new root ports, and ports connected through point-to-point  
links as follows:  
•
Root ports—If the RSTP selects a new root port, it blocks the old root port and immediately  
transitions the new root port to the forwarding state.  
•
Point-to-point links—If you connect a port to another port through a point-to-point link and the local  
port becomes a designated port, it negotiates a rapid transition with the other port by using the  
proposal-agreement handshake to ensure a loop-free topology.  
As shown in Figure 6-4, Switch A is connected to Switch B through a point-to-point link, and all of the  
ports are in the blocking state. Assume that the priority of Switch A is a smaller numerical value than  
the priority of Switch B. Switch A sends a proposal message (a configuration BPDU with the proposal  
flag set) to Switch B, proposing itself as the designated switch.  
After receiving the proposal message, Switch B selects as its new root port the port from which the  
proposal message was received, forces all non-edge ports to the blocking state, and sends an agreement  
message (a BPDU with the agreement flag set) through its new root port.  
After receiving an agreement message from Switch B, Switch A also immediately transitions its  
designated port to the forwarding state. No loops in the network are formed because Switch B blocked  
all of its non-edge ports and because there is a point-to-point link between Switches A and B.  
When Switch C is connected to Switch B, a similar set of handshaking messages are exchanged. Switch  
C selects the port connected to Switch B as its root port, and both ends immediately transition to the  
forwarding state. With each iteration of this handshaking process, one more switch joins the active  
topology. As the network converges, this proposal-agreement handshaking progresses from the root  
toward the leaves of the spanning tree.  
The switch determines the link type from the port duplex mode: a full-duplex port is considered to have  
a point-to-point connection; a half-duplex port is considered to have a shared connection.  
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Figure 6-4  
Proposal and Agreement Handshaking for Rapid Convergence  
Synchronization of Port Roles  
When the switch receives a proposal message on one of its ports and that port is selected as the new root  
port, the RSTP forces all other ports to synchronize with the new root information. The switch is  
synchronized with superior root information received on the root port if all other ports are synchronized.  
If a designated port is in the forwarding state, it transitions to the blocking state when the RSTP forces  
it to synchronize with new root information. In general, when the RSTP forces a port to synchronize with  
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Figure 6-5  
Sequence of Events During Rapid Convergence  
4. Agreement  
5. Forward  
1. Proposal  
Edge port  
2. Block  
9. Forward  
3. Block  
11. Forward  
8. Agreement  
6. Proposal  
7. Proposal  
10. Agreement  
Root port  
Designated port  
Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing  
The RSTP BPDU format is the same as the IEEE 802.1D BPDU format except that the protocol version  
is set to 2. A new Length field is set to zero, which means that no version 1 protocol information is  
present. Table 6-4 shows the RSTP flag fields.  
Table 6-4  
RSTP BPDU Flags  
Bit  
0
Function  
Topology change (TC)  
1
Proposal  
Port role:  
2–3:  
00  
01  
10  
11  
4
Unknown  
Alternate port  
Root port  
Designated port  
Learning  
5
Forwarding  
6
Agreement  
7
Topology change acknowledgement  
The sending switch sets the proposal flag in the RSTP BPDU to propose itself as the designated switch  
on that LAN. The port role in the proposal message is always set to the designated port.  
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The sending switch sets the agreement flag in the RSTP BPDU to accept the previous proposal. The port  
role in the agreement message is always set to the root port.  
The RSTP does not have a separate topology change notification (TCN) BPDU. It uses the topology  
change (TC) flag to show the topology changes. However, for interoperability with IEEE 802.1D  
switches, the RSTP switch processes and generates TCN BPDUs.  
The learning and forwarding flags are set according to the state of the sending port.  
Processing Superior BPDU Information  
If a port receives superior root information (lower bridge ID, lower path cost, etc.) than currently stored  
for the port, the RSTP triggers a reconfiguration. If the port is proposed and is selected as the new root  
port, RSTP forces all the other ports to synchronize.  
If the BPDU received is an RSTP BPDU with the proposal flag set, the switch sends an agreement  
message after all of the other ports are synchronized. If the BPDU is an IEEE 802.1D BPDU, the switch  
does not set the proposal flag and starts the forward-delay timer for the port. The new root port requires  
twice the forward-delay time to transition to the forwarding state.  
If the superior information received on the port causes the port to become a backup or alternate port,  
RSTP sets the port to the blocking state but does not send the agreement message. The designated port  
continues sending BPDUs with the proposal flag set until the forward-delay timer expires, at which time  
the port transitions to the forwarding state.  
Processing Inferior BPDU Information  
If a designated port receives an inferior BPDU (higher bridge ID, higher path cost, etc.) than currently  
stored for the port with a designated port role, it immediately replies with its own information.  
Topology Changes  
This section describes the differences between the RSTP and the IEEE 802.1D in handling spanning-tree  
topology changes.  
•
Detection—Unlike IEEE 802.1D, in which any transition between the blocking and the forwarding  
state causes a topology change, only transitions from the blocking to the forwarding state cause a  
topology change with RSTP. (Only an increase in connectivity is considered a topology change.)  
State changes on an edge port do not cause a topology change. When an RSTP switch detects a  
topology change, it flushes the learned information on all of its non-edge ports.  
•
•
Notification—Unlike IEEE 802.1D, which uses TCN BPDUs, the RSTP does not use them.  
However, for IEEE 802.1D interoperability, an RSTP switch processes and generates TCN BPDUs.  
Acknowledgement—When an RSTP switch receives a TCN message on a designated port from an  
IEEE 802.1D switch, it replies with an IEEE 802.1D configuration BPDU with the topology change  
acknowledgement bit set. However, if the timer (the same as the topology-change timer in  
IEEE 802.1D) is active on a root port connected to an IEEE 802.1D switch and a configuration  
BPDU with the topology change acknowledgement bit set is received, the timer is reset.  
This behavior is only required to support IEEE 802.1D switches. The RSTP BPDUs never have the  
topology change acknowledgement bit set.  
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Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP  
•
•
Propagation—When an RSTP switch receives a TC message from another switch through a  
designated or root port, it propagates the topology change to all of its non-edge, edge, designated  
ports, and root port (excluding the port on which it is received). The switch starts the TC-while timer  
for all such ports and flushes the information learned on them.  
Protocol migration—For backward compatibility with IEEE 802.1D switches, RSTP selectively  
sends IEEE 802.1D configuration BPDUs and TCN BPDUs on a per-port basis.  
When a port is initialized, the timer is started (which specifies the minimum time during which  
RSTP BPDUs are sent), and RSTP BPDUs are sent. While this timer is active, the switch processes  
all BPDUs received on that port and ignores the protocol type.  
If the switch receives an IEEE 802.1D BPDU after the port’s migration-delay timer has expired, it  
assumes that it is connected to an IEEE 802.1D switch and starts using only IEEE 802.1D BPDUs.  
However, if the RSTP switch is using IEEE 802.1D BPDUs on a port and receives an RSTP BPDU  
after the timer has expired, it restarts the timer and starts using RSTP BPDUs on that port.  
Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP  
A switch running RSTP supports a built-in protocol migration mechanism that enables it to interoperate  
with legacy IEEE 802.1D switches. If this switch receives a legacy IEEE 802.1D configuration BPDU  
(a BPDU with the protocol version set to 0), it sends only IEEE 802.1D BPDUs on that port.  
However, the switch does not automatically revert to the RSTP mode if it no longer receives  
IEEE 802.1D BPDUs because it cannot determine whether the legacy switch has been removed from the  
link unless the legacy switch is the designated switch. Also, a switch might continue to assign a boundary  
role to a port when the switch to which this switch is connected has joined the region.  
Configuring STP and RSTP Features  
These sections describe how to configure spanning-tree features:  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Default STP and RSTP Configuration, page 6-16  
Disabling STP and RSTP, page 6-16  
Configuring the Root Switch, page 6-17  
Configuring the Port Priority, page 6-17  
Configuring the Path Cost, page 6-18  
Configuring the Switch Priority of a Bridge Group, page 6-18  
Configuring the Hello Time, page 6-19  
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a Bridge Group, page 6-20  
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a Bridge Group, page 6-20  
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Configuring STP and RSTP Features  
Default STP and RSTP Configuration  
Table 6-5 shows the default STP and RSTP configuration.  
Table 6-5  
Default STP and RSTP Configuration  
Feature  
Default Setting  
Enable state  
Up to 255 spanning-tree instances  
can be enabled.  
Switch priority  
32768 + Bridge ID  
Spanning-tree port priority (configurable on a per-interface  
basis—used on interfaces configured as Layer 2 access ports)  
128  
Spanning-tree port cost (configurable on a per-interface basis) 100 Mbps: 19  
10 Mbps: 100  
STS-1: 37  
Hello time  
2 seconds  
15 seconds  
20 seconds  
Forward-delay time  
Maximum-aging time  
Disabling STP and RSTP  
STP is enabled by default on the native VLAN 1 and on all newly created VLANs up to the specified  
spanning-tree limit of 255. Disable STP only if you are sure there are no loops in the network topology.  
Caution  
STP edge ports are bridge ports that do not need STP enabled—where loop protection is not needed out  
of that port or an STP neighbor does not exist out of that port. For RSTP, it is important to disable STP  
on edge ports, which are typically front-side Ethernet ports, using the command bridge  
bridge-group-number spanning-disabled on the appropriate interface. If RSTP is not disabled on edge  
ports, convergence times will be excessive for packets traversing those ports.  
Caution  
When STP is disabled and loops are present in the topology, excessive traffic and indefinite packet  
duplication can drastically reduce network performance.  
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to disable STP or RSTP on a per-VLAN basis:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series# configure terminal  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Enters the global configuration mode.  
Enters the interface configuration mode.  
Disables STP or RSTP on a per-interface basis.  
ML_Series(config)# interface interface-id  
ML_Series(config-if)# bridge-group  
bridge-group-number spanning disabled  
ML_Series(config-if)# end  
Step 4  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
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Configuring STP and RSTP Features  
To reenable STP, use the no bridge-group bridge-group-number spanning disabled interface-level  
configuration command.  
Configuring the Root Switch  
The switch maintains a separate spanning-tree instance for each active VLAN configured on it. A  
bridge ID, consisting of the switch priority and the switch MAC address, is associated with each  
instance. For each VLAN, the switch with the lowest bridge ID becomes the root switch for that VLAN.  
Note  
If your network consists of switches that both do and do not support the extended system ID, it is unlikely  
that the switch with the extended system ID support will become the root switch. The extended system  
ID increases the switch priority value every time the bridge ID is greater than the priority of the  
connected switches that are running older software.  
Configuring the Port Priority  
If a loop occurs, spanning tree uses the port priority when selecting an interface to put into the  
forwarding state. You can assign higher priority values (lower numerical values) to interfaces that you  
want selected first, and lower priority values (higher numerical values) that you want selected last. If all  
interfaces have the same priority value, spanning tree puts the interface with the lowest interface number  
in the forwarding state and blocks the other interfaces.  
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the port priority of an interface:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series# configure terminal  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Enters the global configuration mode.  
ML_Series(config)# interface  
interface-id  
Enters the interface configuration mode, and specifies an  
interface to configure.  
Valid interfaces include physical interfaces and  
port-channel logical interfaces (port-channel  
port-channel-number).  
ML_Series(config-if)# bridge-group  
bridge-group-number priority-value  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Configures the port priority for an interface that is an  
access port.  
For the priority-value, the range is 0 to 255; the default is  
128 in increments of 16. The lower the number, the higher  
the priority.  
ML_Series(config-if)# end  
Return to privileged EXEC mode.  
To return the interface to its default setting, use the no bridge-group id bridge-group-number  
priority-value command.  
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Configuring STP and RSTP Features  
Configuring the Path Cost  
The spanning-tree path cost default value is derived from the media speed of an interface. If a loop  
occurs, spanning tree uses cost when selecting an interface to put in the forwarding state. You can assign  
lower cost values to interfaces that you want selected first and higher cost values to interfaces that you  
want selected last. If all interfaces have the same cost value, spanning tree puts the interface with the  
lowest interface number in the forwarding state and blocks the other interfaces.  
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the cost of an interface:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series# configure terminal  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Enters the global configuration mode.  
ML_Series(config)# interface  
interface-id  
Enters the interface configuration mode and specifies an  
interface to configure.  
Valid interfaces include physical interfaces and port-channel  
logical interfaces (port-channel port-channel-number).  
ML_Series(config-if)#  
bridge-group  
Step 3  
Configures the cost for an interface that is an access port.  
If a loop occurs, spanning tree uses the path cost when selecting  
an interface to place into the forwarding state. A lower path cost  
represents higher-speed transmission.  
bridge-group-number path-cost  
cost  
For cost, the range is 0 to 65535; the default value is derived  
from the media speed of the interface.  
ML_Series(config-if)# end  
Step 4  
Note  
Returns to the privileged EXEC mode.  
The show spanning-tree interface interface-id privileged EXEC command displays information only  
for ports that are in a link-up operative state. Otherwise, you can use the show running-config privileged  
EXEC command to confirm the configuration.  
To return the interface to its default setting, use the no bridge-group bridge-group-number path-cost  
cost command.  
Configuring the Switch Priority of a Bridge Group  
You can configure the switch priority and make it more likely that the switch will be chosen as the root  
switch.  
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Configuring STP and RSTP Features  
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the switch priority of a bridge  
group:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series# configure terminal  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Enters the global configuration mode.  
Configures the switch priority of a bridge group.  
For priority, the range is 0 to 61440 in increments of 4096; the  
ML_Series(config)# bridge  
bridge-group-number priority  
priority-number  
To return the switch to its default setting, use the no bridge bridge-group-number priority  
priority-number command.  
Configuring the Hello Time  
Change the hello time to configure the interval between the generation of configuration messages by the  
root switch.  
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the hello time of a bridge group:  
To return the switch to its default setting, use the no bridge bridge-group-number hello-time seconds  
command. The number for seconds should be the same number as configured in the original command.  
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Chapter 6 Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card  
Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status  
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a Bridge Group  
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the forwarding-delay time for a  
bridge group:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series# configure  
terminal  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Enters global configuration mode.  
ML_Series(config)# bridge  
bridge-group-number  
forward-time seconds  
Configures the forward time of a VLAN. The forward delay is the  
number of seconds a port waits before changing from its  
spanning-tree learning and listening states to the forwarding state.  
For seconds, the range is 4 to 200; the default is 15.  
ML_Series(config)# end  
Step 3  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
To return the switch to its default setting, use the no bridge bridge-group-number forward-time seconds  
command. The number for seconds should be the same number as configured in the original command.  
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a Bridge Group  
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the maximum-aging time for a  
bridge group:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series# configure  
terminal  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Enters global configuration mode.  
ML_Series(config)# bridge  
bridge-group-number max-age  
seconds  
Configures the maximum-aging time of a bridge group. The  
maximum-aging time is the number of seconds a switch waits  
without receiving spanning-tree configuration messages before  
attempting a reconfiguration.  
For seconds, the range is 6 to 200; the default is 20.  
ML_Series(config)# end  
Step 3  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
To return the switch to its default setting, use the no bridge bridge-group-number max-age seconds  
command. The number for seconds should be the same number as configured in the original command.  
Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status  
To display the STP or RSTP status, use one or more of the privileged EXEC commands in Table 6-6.  
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Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status  
Table 6-6  
Commands for Displaying Spanning-Tree Status  
Purpose  
Command  
ML_Series# show spanning-tree  
Displays detailed STP or RSTP information.  
ML_Series# show spanning-tree  
brief  
Displays brief summary of STP or RSTP information.  
ML_Series# show spanning-tree  
interface interface-id  
Displays STP or RSTP information for the specified interface.  
ML_Series# show spanning-tree  
summary[totals]  
Displays a summary of port states or displays the total lines of  
the STP or RSTP state section.  
Note  
The show spanning-tree interface interface-id privileged EXEC command displays information only  
if the port is in a link-up operative state. Otherwise, you can use the show running-config interface  
privileged EXEC command to confirm the configuration.  
Examples of the show spanning-tree privileged EXEC commands are shown here:  
Example 6-1 show spanning-tree Commands  
ML_Series# show spanning-tree brief  
Bridge group 1 is executing the rstp compatible Spanning Tree protocol  
Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, sysid 1, address 000b.fcfa.339e  
Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15  
We are the root of the spanning tree  
Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set  
Number of topology changes 1 last change occurred 1w1d ago  
from POS0.1  
Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2  
hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15  
Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0, aging 300  
Port 3 (FastEthernet0) of Bridge group 1 is designated disabled  
Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.3.  
Designated root has priority 32769, address 000b.fcfa.339e  
Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 000b.fcfa.339e  
Designated port id is 128.3, designated path cost 0  
Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0  
Number of transitions to forwarding state: 0  
Link type is point-to-point by default  
BPDU: sent 0, received 0  
ML_Series# show spanning-tree interface fastethernet 0  
Port 3 (FastEthernet0) of Bridge group 1 is designated disabled  
Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.3.  
Designated root has priority 32769, address 000b.fcfa.339e  
Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 000b.fcfa.339e  
Designated port id is 128.3, designated path cost 0  
Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0  
Number of transitions to forwarding state: 0  
Link type is point-to-point by default  
BPDU: sent 0, received 0  
ML_Series# show spanning-tree summary totals  
Switch is in pvst mode  
Root bridge for: Bridge group 1-Bridge group 8  
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Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status  
Name  
Blocking Listening Learning Forwarding STP Active  
---------------------- -------- --------- -------- ---------- ----------  
8 bridges 16  
8
0
0
0
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C H A P T E R  
7
Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card  
This chapter describes VLAN configurations for the ML-Series card. It describes how to configure  
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation. For more information about the Cisco IOS commands used in this  
chapter, refer to the Cisco IOS Command Reference publication.  
This chapter contains the following major sections:  
•
•
•
•
Understanding VLANs, page 7-1  
Configuring IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation, page 7-2  
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Configuration, page 7-3  
Monitoring and Verifying VLAN Operation, page 7-5  
Note  
Configuring VLANs is optional. Complete general interface configurations before proceeding with  
configuring VLANs as an optional step.  
Understanding VLANs  
VLANs enable network managers to group users logically rather than by physical location. A VLAN is  
an emulation of a standard LAN that allows secure intragroup data transfer and communication to occur  
without the traditional restraints placed on the network. It can also be considered a broadcast domain  
that is set up within a switch. With VLANs, switches can support more than one subnet (or VLAN) on  
each switch and give routers and switches the opportunity to support multiple subnets on a single  
physical link. A group of devices that belong to the same VLAN, but are part of different LAN segments,  
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Chapter 7 Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card  
Configuring IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation  
ML-Series switching supports up to 254 VLAN subinterfaces per interface. A maximum of 255 logical  
VLANs can be bridged per card (limited by the number of bridge-groups). Each VLAN subinterface can  
be configured for any VLAN ID in the full 1 to 4095 range. Figure 7-1 shows a network topology in  
which two VLANs span two ONS 15310-CLs with ML-Series cards.  
Figure 7-1  
VLANs Spanning Devices in a Network  
Host station Host station  
VLAN 10  
VLAN 10  
Fast Ethernet 1  
Fast Ethernet 4  
POS 0.10 VLAN 10  
POS 0. 2  
ML-Series  
ML-Series  
VLAN 2  
Fast Ethernet 2  
Fast Ethernet 3  
VLAN 2  
VLAN 2  
Host station  
Host station  
Configuring IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation  
You can configure IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation on either type of ML-Series card interfaces,  
Ethernet or Packet over SONET/SDH (POS). VLAN encapsulation is not supported on POS interfaces  
configured with HDLC encapsulation.  
The native VLAN is always VLAN ID 1 on ML-Series cards. Frames on the native VLAN are normally  
transmitted and received untagged. On an trunk port, all frames from VLANs other than the native  
VLAN are transmitted and received tagged.  
To configure VLANs using IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation, perform the following procedure,  
beginning in global configuration mode:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series(config)# bridge  
bridge-group-number protocol type  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Step 4  
Step 5  
Assigns a bridge group (VLAN) number and  
define the appropriate spanning tree type.  
ML_Series(config)# interface type number  
Enters interface configuration mode to configure  
the interface.  
ML_Series(config)# interface type  
number.subinterface-number  
Enters subinterface configuration mode to  
configure the subinterface.  
ML_Series(config-subif)# encap dot1q  
vlan-id  
Sets the encapsulation format on the VLAN to  
IEEE 802.1Q.  
ML_Series(config-subif)# bridge-group  
bridge-group-number  
Assigns a network interface to a bridge group.  
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IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Configuration  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series(config-subif)# end  
Step 6  
Step 7  
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.  
ML_Series# copy running-config  
startup-config  
(Optional) Saves your configuration changes to  
NVRAM.  
Note  
In a bridge group on the ML-Series card, the VLAN ID does not have to be uniform across interfaces  
that belong to that bridge group. For example, a bridge-group can connect from a VLAN ID subinterface  
to a subinterface with a different VLAN ID, and then frames entering with one VLAN ID can be changed  
to exit with a different VLAN ID. This is know as VLAN translation.  
Note  
Note  
IP routing is enabled by default. To enable bridging, enter the no ip routing or bridge IRB command.  
Native VLAN frames transmitted on the interface are normally untagged. All untagged frames received  
on the interface are associated with the native VLAN, which is always VLAN 1. Use the command  
encapsulation dot1q 1 native.  
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Configuration  
The VLAN configuration example for the ML-Series card shown in Figure 7-2 depicts the following  
VLANs:  
•
•
•
•
Fast Ethernet subinterface 0.1 is in the IEEE 802.1Q native VLAN 1.  
Fast Ethernet subinterface 0.2 is in the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN 2.  
Fast Ethernet subinterface 0.3 is in the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN 3.  
Fast Ethernet subinterface 0.4 is in the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN 4.  
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Chapter 7 Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card  
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Configuration  
Figure 7-2  
Bridging IEEE 802.1Q VLANs  
ML-Series  
Router_A  
ML-Series  
Router_B  
POS 0  
POS 0  
SONET/SDH  
Native VLAN 1  
Fast Ethernet 0.1  
Native VLAN 1  
802.1.Q  
802.1.Q  
Fast Ethernet 0.1  
Fast Ethernet 0.2  
Fast Ethernet 0.2  
Fast Ethernet 0.4  
Fast Ethernet 0.4  
Switch  
Switch  
VLAN 4  
VLAN 2  
VLAN 4  
VLAN 2  
Fast Ethernet 0.3  
Host station  
Host station  
Host station  
Host station  
Fast Ethernet 0.3  
VLAN 3  
VLAN 3  
Host station  
Host station  
Example 7-1 shows how to configure VLANs for IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation. Use this  
configuration for both ML_Series A and ML_Series B.  
Example 7-1 Configure VLANs for IEEE 8021Q VLAN Encapsulation  
no ip routing  
bridge 1 protocol ieee  
bridge 2 protocol ieee  
bridge 3 protocol ieee  
bridge 4 protocol ieee  
!
!
interface FastEthernet0  
!
interface FastEthernet0.1  
encapsulation dot1Q 1 native  
bridge-group 1  
!
interface FastEthernet0.2  
encapsulation dot1Q 2  
bridge-group 2  
!
interface FastEthernet0.3  
encapsulation dot1Q 3  
bridge-group 3  
!
interface FastEthernet0.4  
encapsulation dot1Q 4  
bridge-group 4  
!
interface POS0  
!
interface POS0.1  
encapsulation dot1Q 1 native  
bridge-group 1  
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Chapter 7 Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card  
Monitoring and Verifying VLAN Operation  
!
interface POS0.2  
encapsulation dot1Q 2  
bridge-group 2  
!
interface POS0.3  
encapsulation dot1Q 3  
bridge-group 3  
!
interface POS0.4  
encapsulation dot1Q 4  
bridge-group 4  
Monitoring and Verifying VLAN Operation  
After the VLANs are configured on the ML-Series card, you can monitor their operation by entering the  
privileged EXEC command show vlans [vlan-id] (Example 7-2). This command displays information  
on all configured VLANs or on a specific VLAN (by VLAN ID number).  
Example 7-2 Output for show vlans Command  
ML-Series# show vlans 1  
Virtual LAN ID: 1 (IEEE 802.1Q Encapsulation)  
vLAN Trunk Interface:  
POS0.1  
This is configured as native Vlan for the following interface(s) :  
POS0  
Protocols Configured:  
Bridging  
Address:  
Bridge Group 1  
Received:  
0
Transmitted:  
0
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Monitoring and Verifying VLAN Operation  
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C H A P T E R  
8
Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Layer 2  
Protocol Tunneling on the ML-Series Card  
Virtual private networks (VPNs) provide enterprise-scale connectivity on a shared infrastructure, often  
Ethernet-based, with the same security, prioritization, reliability, and manageability requirements of  
private networks. Tunneling is a feature designed for service providers who carry traffic of multiple  
customers across their networks and are required to maintain the VLAN and Layer 2 protocol  
configurations of each customer without impacting the traffic of other customers. The ML-Series cards  
support IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (QinQ) and Layer 2 protocol tunneling.  
This chapter contains the following sections:  
•
Understanding IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling, page 8-1  
Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling, page 8-4  
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Chapter 8 Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling on the ML-Series Card  
Understanding IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling  
Customer traffic tagged in the normal way with appropriate VLAN IDs comes from an IEEE 802.1Q  
trunk port on the customer device and into a tunnel port on the ML-Series card. The link between the  
customer device and the ML-Series card is an asymmetric link because one end is configured as an  
IEEE 802.1Q trunk port and the other end is configured as a tunnel port. You assign the tunnel port  
interface to an access VLAN ID unique to each customer (Figure 8-1).  
Figure 8-1  
IEEE 802.1Q Tunnel Ports in a Service-Provider Network  
Customer A  
VLANs 1 to 100  
Customer A  
VLANs 1 to 100  
Fast Ethernet 0  
Fast Ethernet 0  
ML-Series  
Switch_A  
ML-Series  
Switch_B  
Tunnel port  
VLAN 30  
Tunnel port  
VLAN 30  
POS  
0
POS  
0
SONET STS-N  
Tunnel port  
VLAN 40  
Tunnel port  
VLAN 40  
Fast Ethernet 1  
Fast Ethernet 1  
Customer B  
VLANs 1 to 200  
Customer B  
VLANs 1 to 200  
Trunk  
Asymmetric link  
Packets coming from the customer trunk port into the tunnel port on the ML-Series card are normally  
IEEE 802.1Q-tagged with an appropriate VLAN ID. The tagged packets remain intact inside the  
ML-Series card and, when they exit the trunk port into the service provider network, are encapsulated  
with another layer of an IEEE 802.1Q tag (called the metro tag) that contains the VLAN ID unique to  
the customer. The original IEEE 802.1Q tag from the customer is preserved in the encapsulated packet.  
Therefore, packets entering the service-provider infrastructure are double-tagged, with the outer tag  
containing the customer’s access VLAN ID, and the inner VLAN ID being the VLAN of the incoming  
traffic.  
When the double-tagged packet enters another trunk port in a service provider ML-Series card, the outer  
tag is stripped as the packet is processed inside the switch. When the packet exits another trunk port on  
the same core switch, the same metro tag is again added to the packet. Figure 8-2 shows the structure of  
the double-tagged packet.  
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Understanding IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling  
Figure 8-2  
Normal, IEEE 802.1Q, and IEEE 802.1Q-Tunneled Ethernet Packet Formats  
Source  
address  
Destination  
Length/  
EtherType  
Frame Check  
Sequence  
address  
Original Ethernet frame  
DA  
SA  
SA  
SA  
Len/Etype  
Data  
FCS  
IEE 802.1Q frame from  
customer network  
DA  
DA  
Etype  
Tag  
Len/Etype  
Data  
FCS  
Etype  
Tag  
Etype  
Tag  
Len/Etype  
Data  
FCS  
Double-tagged  
frame in service  
provider  
infrastructure  
When the packet enters the trunk port of the service-provider egress switch, the outer tag is again  
stripped as the packet is processed internally on the switch. However, the metro tag is not added when it  
is sent out the tunnel port on the edge switch into the customer network, and the packet is sent as a normal  
IEEE 802.1Q-tagged frame to preserve the original VLAN numbers in the customer network.  
In Figure 8-1 on page 8-2, Customer A was assigned VLAN 30, and Customer B was assigned  
VLAN 40. Packets entering the ML-Series card tunnel ports with IEEE 802.1Q tags are double-tagged  
when they enter the service-provider network, with the outer tag containing VLAN ID 30 or 40,  
appropriately, and the inner tag containing the original VLAN number, for example, VLAN 100. Even  
if both Customers A and B have VLAN 100 in their networks, the traffic remains segregated within the  
service-provider network because the outer tag is different. With IEEE 802.1Q tunneling, each customer  
controls its own VLAN numbering space, which is independent of the VLAN numbering space used by  
other customers and the VLAN numbering space used by the service-provider network.  
At the outbound tunnel port, the original VLAN numbers on the customer’s network are recovered. If  
the traffic coming from a customer network is not tagged (native VLAN frames), these packets are  
bridged or routed as if they were normal packets, and the metro tag is added (as a single-level tag) when  
they exit toward the service provider network.  
If the native VLAN (VLAN 1) is used in the service provider network as a metro tag, this tag must always  
be added to the customer traffic, even though the native VLAN ID is not normally added to transmitted  
frames. If the VLAN 1 metro tag is not added on frames entering the service provider network, then the  
customer VLAN tag appears to be the metro tag, with disastrous results. The global configuration vlan  
dot1q tag native command must be used to prevent this by forcing a tag to be added to VLAN 1.  
Avoiding the use of VLAN 1 as a metro tag transporting customer traffic is recommended to reduce the  
risk of misconfiguration. A best practice is to use VLAN 1 as a private management VLAN in the service  
provider network.  
The IEEE 802.1Q class of service (COS) priority field on the added metro tag is set to zero by default,  
but can be modified by input or output policy maps.  
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Chapter 8 Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling on the ML-Series Card  
Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling  
Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling  
This section includes the following information about configuring IEEE 802.1Q tunneling:  
•
•
•
IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other Features, page 8-4  
Configuring an IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Port, page 8-4  
IEEE 802.1Q Example, page 8-5  
Note  
By default, IEEE 802.1Q tunneling is not configured on the ML-Series.  
IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other Features  
Although IEEE 802.1Q tunneling works well for Layer 2 packet switching, there are incompatibilities  
with some Layer 2 features and with Layer 3 switching:  
•
•
•
A tunnel port cannot be a routed port.  
Tunnel ports do not support IP access control lists (ACLs).  
Layer 3 quality of service (QoS) ACLs and other QoS features related to Layer 3 information are  
not supported on tunnel ports. MAC-based QoS is supported on tunnel ports.  
•
•
•
EtherChannel port groups are compatible with tunnel ports as long as the IEEE 802.1Q  
configuration is consistent within an EtherChannel port group.  
Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) and Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD) Protocol are not  
supported on IEEE 802.1Q tunnel ports.  
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) is not compatible with IEEE 802.1Q tunneling because you must  
manually configure asymmetric links with tunnel ports and trunk ports.  
•
•
Loopback detection is supported on IEEE 802.1Q tunnel ports.  
When a port is configured as an IEEE 802.1Q tunnel port, spanning tree bridge protocol data unit  
(BPDU) filtering is automatically disabled on the interface.  
Configuring an IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Port  
Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure a port as an IEEE 802.1Q tunnel  
port:  
Command  
Purpose  
ML_Series# configure terminal  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Enters global configuration mode.  
Creates a bridge number and specifies a protocol.  
ML_Series(config)# bridge  
bridge-numberprotocol bridge-protocol  
ML_Series(config)# interface  
fastethernet number  
Step 3  
Enters the interface configuration mode and the interface to be  
configured as a tunnel port. This should be the edge port in the  
service-provider network that connects to the customer switch. Valid  
interfaces include physical interfaces and port-channel logical  
interfaces.  
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