Philips CD Player SC28L91 User Manual

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

SC28L91

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

Product data sheet

2004 Oct 21

Supersedes data of 2000 Sep 22

Philips

Semiconductors

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

ORDERING INORMATION

Industrial

= +3.3 V ± 10 %, +5 V ± 10 %

Description

= –40 °C to +85 °C

Drawing Number

SOT187-2

amb

44-Pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)

44-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP)

SC28L91A1A

SC28L91A1B

SOT307-2

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

PIN CONFIGURATION DIAGRAM

80XXX PIN CONFIGURATION

PLCC

PQFP

Pin Function

GND

INTRN

OP5

OP7

OP2

OP0

TxDA

IP0

RESET

CEN

IP2

WRN

RDN

IP3

IP6

IP1

RxDA

X1/CLK

No Connection

IP5

OP1

OP3

OP5

OP7

I/M

IP4

IP0

WRN

RDN

RESET

CEN

IP2

OP6

OP4

OP2

OP0

TxDA

RxDA

x1/clk

INTRN

IP3

IP1

IP6

I/M

IP5

No Connection

OP1

IP4

OP6

OP4

OP3

SD00699

SD00698

Note: Pins marked “No Connection” must NOT be connected.

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

PIN CONFIGURATION DIAGRAM

68XXX PIN CONFIGURATION

PLCC

PQFP

Pin Function

GND

INTRN

OP5

OP7

OP2

IP0

RESETN

CEN

IP2

OP0

R/WN

DACKN

IP3

TxDA

IACKN

IP5

IP1

RxDA

X1/CLK

No Connection

OP1

OP3

OP5

OP7

I/M

IP4

IP0

RESETN

CEN

IP2

OP6

OP4

OP2

OP0

TxDA

RxDA

x1/clk

R/WN

DACKN

INTRN

IP3

IP1

IACKN

IP5

I/M

No Connection

OP1

IP4

OP6

OP4

OP3

SD00701

SD00700

Note: Pins marked “No Connection” must NOT be connected.

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

DATA CHANNEL

D0–D7

RDN

BUS BUFFER

16 BYTE TRANSMIT

FIFO

TxDA

RxDA

TRANSMIT

SHIFT REGISTER

OPERATION CONTROL

16 BYTE RECEIVE

FIFO

WRN

CEN

ADDRESS

DECODE

WATCH DOG TIMER

A0–A3

RESET

RECEIVE SHIFT

R/W CONTROL

MRA0, 1, 2

CRA

SRA

INTERRUPT CONTROL

IMR

INTRN

ISR

INPUT PORT

CHANGE OF

STATE

DETECTORS (4)

TIMING

IP0-IP6

BAUD RATE

GENERATOR

IPCR

ACR

CLOCK

SELECTORS

COUNTER/

TIMER

OUTPUT PORT

FUNCTION

SELECT LOGIC

OP0-OP7

X1/CLK

XTAL OSC

OPCR

OPR

CSR

ACR

CTL

CTU

SD00702

Figure 1. Block Diagram (80XXX mode)

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

DATA CHANNEL

D0–D7

BUS BUFFER

16 BYTE TRANSMIT

FIFO

TxDA

RxDA

TRANSMIT

SHIFT REGISTER

OPERATION CONTROL

R/WN

16 BYTE RECEIVE

FIFO

IACKN

CEN

ADDRESS

DECODE

WATCH DOG TIMER

A0–A3

RESETN

RECEIVE SHIFT

R/W CONTROL

MRA0, 1, 2

CRA

SRA

INTERRUPT CONTROL

IMR

INTRN

ISR

IVR

DACKN

INPUT PORT

CHANGE OF

STATE

DETECTORS (4)

TIMING

IP0-IP5

BAUD RATE

GENERATOR

IPCR

ACR

CLOCK

SELECTORS

COUNTER/

TIMER

OUTPUT PORT

FUNCTION

SELECT LOGIC

OP0-OP7

X1/CLK

XTAL OSC

OPCR

OPR

CSR

ACR

CTL

CTU

SD00703

Figure 2. Block Diagram (68XXX mode)

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

PIN CONFIGURATION FOR 80XXX BUS INTERFACE (INTEL )

type

Symbol

I/M

Name and function

Bus Configuration: When high or not connected configures the bus interface to the Conditions shown in this table.

D0–D7

I/O

Data Bus: Bi-directional 3-State data bus used to transfer commands, data and status between the UART and the

CPU. D0 is the least significant bit.

CEN

Chip Enable: Active-Low input signal. When Low, data transfers between the CPU and the UART are enabled on

D0–D7 as controlled by the WRN, RDN and A0–A3 inputs. When High, places the D0–D7 lines in the 3-State condi-

tion.

WRN

RDN

Write Strobe: When Low and CEN is also Low, the contents of the data bus is loaded into the addressed register. The

transfer occurs on the rising edge of the signal.

Read Strobe: When Low and CEN is also Low, causes the contents of the addressed register to be presented on the

data bus. The read cycle begins on the falling edge of RDN.

A0–A3

Address Inputs: Select the UART internal registers and ports for read/write operations.

RESET

Reset: A High level clears internal registers (SR, IMR, ISR, OPR, OPCR), puts OP0–OP7 in the High state, stops the

counter/timer, and puts the Channel in the inactive state, with the TxD outputs in the mark (High) state. Sets MR point-

er to MR1. See Figure 4

INTRN

X1/CLK

Interrupt Request: Active-Low, open-drain, output which signals the CPU that one or more of the eight maskable in-

terrupting conditions are true. This pin requires a pull-up device.

Crystal 1: Crystal or external clock input. A crystal or clock of the specified limits must be supplied at all times. When a

crystal is used, a capacitor must be connected from this pin to ground (see Figure 11).

Crystal 2: Connection for other side of the crystal. When a crystal is used, a capacitor must be connected from this pin

to ground (see Figure 11). If X1/CLK is driven from an external source, this pin must be left open.

RxD

TxD

Receiver Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. “Mark” is High; “space” is Low.

Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted first. This output is held in the “mark” condition

when the transmitter is disabled, idle or operating in local loop back mode. “Mark” is High; “space” is Low.

OP0

Output 0: General-purpose output or request to send (RTSN, active-Low). Can be deactivated automatically on re-

ceive or transmit.

OP1

OP2

OP3

OP4

OP5

OP6

OP7

IP0

Output 1: General-purpose output.

Output 2: General-purpose output, or transmitter 1X or 16X clock output, or receiver 1X clock output.

Output 3: General-purpose output.

Output 4: General-purpose output or open-drain, active-Low, Rx interrupt ISR[1] output. DMA Control

Output 5: General-purpose output

Output 6: General-purpose output or open-drain, active-Low, Tx interrupt ISR[0] output. DMA Control

Output 7: General-purpose output.

Input 0: General-purpose input or clear to send active-Low input (CTSN). Has Change of State Dector.

Input 1: General-purpose input. Has Change of State Dector.

IP1

IP2

Input 2: General-purpose input or counter/timer external clock input. Has Change of State Dector.

IP3

Input 3: General-purpose input or transmitter external clock input (TxC). When the external clock is used by the trans-

mitter, the transmitted data is clocked on the falling edge of the clock. Has Change of State Dector.

IP4

Input 4: General-purpose input or receiver external clock input (RxC). When the external clock is used by the receiver,

the received data is sampled on the rising edge of the clock.

IP5

IP6

Input 5: General-purpose input

Input 6: General-purpose input

Power Supply: +3.3 V or +5 V supply input ± 10 %

Ground

Pwr

GND

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

PIN CONFIGURATION FOR 68XXX BUS INTERFACE (MOTOROLA )

type

Symbol

I/M

Name and function

Bus Configuration: When low configures the bus interface to the Conditions shown in this table.

D0–D7

I/O

Data Bus: Bi-directional 3-State data bus used to transfer commands, data and status between the UART and the

CPU. D0 is the least significant bit.

CEN

Chip Enable: Active-Low input signal. When Low, data transfers between the CPU and the UART are enabled on

D0–D7 as controlled by the R/WN and A0–A3 inputs. When High, places the D0–D7 lines in the 3-State condition.

R/WN

Read/Write: Input Signal. When CEN is low R/WN high input indicates a read cycle; when low indicates a write cycle.

IACKN

Interrupt Acknowledge: Active low input indicating an interrupt acknowledge cycle. Usually asserted by the CPU in

response to an interrupt request. When asserted places the interrupt vector on the bus and asserts DACKN.

DACKN

Data Transfer Acknowledge: A3-State active-low output asserted in a write, read, or interrupt acknowledge cycle to

indicate proper transfer of data between the CPU and the UART.

A0–A3

Address Inputs: Select the UART internal registers and ports for read/write operations.

RESETN

Reset: A low level clears internal registers (SRA, SRB, IMR, ISR, OPR, OPCR), puts OP0–OP7 in the High state,

stops the counter/timer, and puts the Channel in the inactive state, with the TxD outputs in the mark (High) state. Sets

MR pointer to MR1. See Figure 4

INTRN

X1/CLK

Interrupt Request: Active-Low, open-drain, output which signals the CPU that one or more of the eight maskable

interrupting conditions are true. This pin requires a pullup.

Crystal 1: Crystal or external clock input. A crystal or clock of the specified limits must be supplied at all times. When

a crystal is used, a capacitor must be connected from this pin to ground (see Figure 11).

Crystal 2: Connection for other side of the crystal. When a crystal is used, a capacitor must be connected from this

pin to ground (see Figure 11). If X1/CLK is driven from an external source, this pin must be left open.

RxD

TxD

Receiver Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. “Mark” is High, “space” is Low.

Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted first. This output is held in the ‘mark’ condition

when the transmitter is disabled, idle, or when operating in local loop back mode. ‘Mark’ is High; ‘space’ is Low.

OP0

Output 0: General purpose output or request to send (RTSAN, active-Low). Can be deactivated automatically on

receive or transmit.

OP1

OP2

OP3

OP4

OP5

OP6

OP7

IP0

Output 1: General-purpose output.

Output 2: General purpose output or transmitter 1X or 16X clock output, or receiver 1X clock output.

Output 3: General purpose output.

Output 4: General purpose output or open-drain, active-Low, RxA interrupt ISR [1] output. DMA Control

Output 5: General-purpose output.

Output 6: General purpose output or open-drain, active-Low, TxA interrupt ISR[0] output. DMA Control

Output 7: General-purpose output.

Input 0: General purpose input or clear to send active-Low input (CTSAN). Has Change of State Dector.

Input 1: General purpose input. Has Change of State Dector.

IP1

IP2

Input 2: General-purpose input or counter/timer external clock input. Has Change of State Dector.

IP3

Input 3: General purpose input or transmitter external clock input (TxC). When the external clock is used by the trans-

mitter, the transmitted data is clocked on the falling edge of the clock. Has Change of State Dector.

IP4

Input 4: General purpose input or receiver external clock input (RxC). When the external clock is used by the receiver,

the received data is sampled on the rising edge of the clock.

IP5

Input 5: General purpose input.

Power Supply: +3.3 or +5V supply input ±10%

Ground

Pwr

GND

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Symbol

Parameter

Rating

Unit

°C

amb

Operating ambient temperature range

Note 4

Storage temperature range

–65 to +150

–0.5 to +7.0

°C

stg

Voltage from V to GND

Voltage from any pin to GND

–0.5 to V +0.5

Package power dissipation (PLCC44)

Package power dissipation (PQFP44)

2.4

1.78

Derating factor above 25 °C (PLCC44)

mW/°C

Derating factor above 25 °C (PQFP44)

NOTES:

1. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and

functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operation section of this specification is not

implied.

2. For operating at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on +150°C maximum junction temperature.

3. This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from damaging effects of excessive static

charge. Nonetheless, it is suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying any voltages larger than the rated maxima.

4. Parameters are valid over specified temperature and voltage range.

1, 2, 3

DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

= 5 V ± 10 %, T

= –40 °C to +85 °C, unless otherwise specified.

amb

Symbol

Parameter

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Input low voltage

0.8

Input high voltage (except X1/CLK)

Input high voltage (X1/CLK)

Output low voltage

2.4

1.5

2.4

0.2

0.8V

0.4

= 2.4 mA

= –400 µA

= 0 V to V

Output high voltage (except OD outputs)

– 0.5

X1/CLK input current - power down

X1/CLK input low current - operating

X1/CLK input high current - operating

Input leakage current:

0.5

0.05

0.5

µA

IX1PD

= 0 V

= V

–130

ILX1

130

IHX1

All except input port pins

= 0 V to V

–0.5

–8

0.05

+0.5

0.5

µA

Input port pins

Output off current high, 3-State data bus

Output off current low, 3-State data bus

= V

OZH

OZL

ODL

ODH

= 0 V

–0.5

Open-drain output low current in off-state

Open-drain output high current in off-state

= V

0.5

Power supply current

Operating mode

CMOS input levels

Power down mode

≤1

NOTES:

1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature and voltage range.

2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs swing between 0.4 V and 3.0 V with a transition time of

5 ns maximum. For X1/CLK, this swing is between 0.4 V and 0.8V . All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of 0.8 V and

2.0 V and output voltages of 0.8 V and 2.0 V, as appropriate.

3. Typical values are at +25 °C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters.

4. Test conditions for outputs: C = 125 pF, except open drain outputs. Test conditions for open drain outputs: C = 125 pF,

constant current source = 2.6 mA.

5. Input port pins have active pull-up transistors that will source a typical 2 µA from V when the input pins are at V

Input port pins at V source 0.0 µA.

6. All outputs are disconnected. Inputs are switching between CMOS levels of V – 0.2 V and V + 0.2 V.

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

1, 2, 3

DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

= 3.3 V ± 10 %, T

= –40 °C to +85 °C, unless otherwise specified.

amb

Symbol

Parameter

Conditions

Min

Typ

0.65

1.7

Max

Unit

Input low voltage

Input high voltage

Output low voltage

0.2*V

0.8*V

0.2

0.4

= 2.4 mA

= –400 µA

= 0 V to V

Output high voltage (except OD outputs)

– 0.5

– 0.2

X1/CLK input current - power down

X1/CLK input low current - operating

X1/CLK input high current - operating

Input leakage current:

–0.5

–80

0.05

+0.5

µA

IX1PD

= 0 V

= V

ILX1

IHX1

All except input port pins

= 0 V to V

–0.5

–8

0.05

0.5

+0.5

0.5

µA

Input port pins

Output off current high, 3-State data bus

Output off current low, 3-State data bus

= V

OZH

OZL

ODL

ODH

= 0 V

–0.5

Open-drain output low current in off-state

Open-drain output high current in off-state

= V

0.5

Power supply current

Operating mode

CMOS input levels

Power down mode

≤1

5.0

NOTES:

1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature and voltage range.

2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs swing between 0.4 V and 3.0 V with a transition time of

5 ns maximum. For X1/CLK, this swing is between 0.4 V and 0.8*V . All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of 0.8 V and

2.0 V and output voltages of 0.8 V and 2.0 V, as appropriate.

3. Typical values are at +25 °C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters.

4. Test conditions for outputs: C = 125 pF, except open drain outputs. Test conditions for open drain outputs: C = 125 pF,

constant current source = 2.6 mA.

5. Input port pins have active pull-up transistors that will source a typical 2 µA from V when the input pins are at V

Input port pins at V source 0.0 µA.

6. All outputs are disconnected. Inputs are switching between CMOS levels of V – 0.2 V and V + 0.2 V.

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

1, 2, 3, 4

AC CHARACTERISTICS (5 VOLT)

= 5.0 V ± 10 %, T

= –40 °C to +85 °C, unless otherwise specified.

amb

Symbol

Reset Timing (See Figure 4)

Reset pulse width

Parameter

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

100

RES

Bus Timing (See Figure 5)

A0–A3 setup time to RDN, WRN Low

*AS

*AH

*CS

*CH

*RW

*DD

*DA

*DF

*DI

A0–A3 hold time from RDN, WRN low

CEN setup time to RDN, WRN low

CEN Hold time from RDN. WRN low

WRN, RDN pulse width (Low time)

Data valid after RDN low (125pF load. See Figure 3 for smaller loads.)

RDN low to data bus active

Data bus floating after RDN or CEN high

RDN or CEN high to data bus invalid

Data bus setup time before WRN or CEN high (write cycle)

Data hold time after WRN high

*DS

*DH

*RWD

–12

5, 7

High time between read and/or write cycles

Port Timing (See Figure 9)

Port in setup time before RDN low (Read IP ports cycle)

Port in hold time after RDN high

–20

*PS

*PH

*PD

OP port valid after WRN or CEN high (OPR write cycle)

Interrupt Timing (See Figure 10)

INTRN (or OP3–OP7 when used as interrupts) negated from:

*IR

Read RxFIFO (RxRDY/FFULL interrupt)

Write TxFIFO (TxRDY interrupt)

Reset Command (delta break change interrupt)

Stop C/T command (Counter/timer interrupt

Read IPCR (delta input port change interrupt)

Write IMR (Clear of change interrupt mask bit(s))

Clock Timing (See Figure 11)

X1/CLK high or low time

0.1

*CLK

*CTC

*RX

X1/CLK frequency (for higher speeds contact factory)

3.686 8.0

MHz

C/T Clk (IP2) high or low time (C/T external clock input)

8.0

C/T Clk (IP2) frequency (for higher speeds contact factory)

MHz

RxC high or low time (16X)

RxC Frequency (16X)(for higher speeds contact factory)

MHz

*RX

8, 9

RxC Frequency (1x)

TxC High or low time (16X)

*TX

TxC frequency (16X) (for higher speeds contact factory)

MHz

*TX

8, 9

TxC frequency (1X)

Transmitter Timing, external clock (See Figure 12)

TxD output delay from TxC low (TxC input pin)

*TXD

*TCS

Output delay from TxC output pin low to TxD data output

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

Symbol

Parameter

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Receiver Timing, external clock (See Figure 13)

RxD data setup time to RxC high

RxD data hold time from RxC high

*RXS

*RXH

68000 or Motorola bus timing (See Figures 6, 7, 8)

DACKN Low (read cycle) from X1 High

DCR

DCW

DAT

DACKN Low (write cycle) from X1 High

DACKN High impedance from CEN or IACKN High

CEN or IACKN setup time to X1 High for minimum DACKN cycle

CSC

NOTES:

1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature and voltage range.

2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs swing between 0.4 V and 3.0 V with a transition time of

5 ns maximum. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4 V and 0.8*V . All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of 0.8 V and

2.0 V and output voltages of 0.8 V and 2.0 V, as appropriate.

3. Test conditions for outputs: CL = 125 pF, except open drain outputs. Test conditions for open drain outputs: C = 125 pF,

constant current source = 2.6 mA.

4. Typical values are the average values at +25 °C and 5 V.

5. Timing is illustrated and referenced to the WRN and RDN Inputs. Also, CEN may be the “strobing” input. CEN and RDN (also CEN and

WRN) are ORed internally. The signal asserted last initiates the cycle and the signal negated first terminates the cycle.

6. Guaranteed by characterization of sample units.

7. If CEN is used as the “strobing” input, the parameter defines the minimum High times between one CEN and the next. The RDN signal must

be negated for t

to guarantee that any status register changes are valid.

RWD

8. Minimum frequencies are not tested but are guaranteed by design.

9. Clocks for 1X mode should maintain a 60/40 duty cycle or better.

10.Minimum DACKN time is t

= t

+ t

+ two positive edges of the X1 clock. For faster bus cycles, the 80XXX bus timing may be used

DCR

DSC

DCR

while in the 68XXX mode. It is not necessary to wait for DACKN to insure the proper operation of the SC28C91. In all cases the data will be

written to the SC28L91 on the falling edge of DACKN or the rise of CEN. The fall of CEN initializes the bus cycle. The rise of CEN ends the

bus cycle. DACKN low or CEN high completes the write cycle.

= 3.3 V @ +25 °C

5.0 V @ +25 °C

(ns)

12 pF

30 pF

100 pF

100

125 pF

230 pF

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

SD00684

NOTES:

Bus cycle times:

(80XXX mode): t + t

= 70 ns @ 5V, 40 ns @ 3.3 V + rise and fall time of control signals

RWD

(68XXX mode) = t

+ t

+ 1 cycle of the X1 clock @ 5 V + rise and fall time of control signals

CSC

DAT

Figure 3. Port Timing vs. Capacitive Loading at typical conditions

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

1, 2, 3, 4

AC CHARACTERISTICS (3.3 VOLT)

= 3.3 V ± 10 %, T

= –40 °C to +85 °C, unless otherwise specified.

amb

Symbol

Reset Timing (See Figure 4)

Reset pulse width

Parameter

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

100

RES

Bus Timing (See Figure 5)

A0–A3 setup time to RDN, WRN Low

*AS

*AH

*CS

*CH

*RW

*DD

*DA

*DF

*DI

A0–A3 hold time from RDN, WRN low

CEN setup time to RDN, WRN low

CEN Hold time from RDN. WRN low

WRN, RDN pulse width (Low time)

Data valid after RDN low (125pF load. See Figure 3 for smaller loads.)

RDN low to data bus active

Data bus floating after RDN or CEN high

RDN or CEN high to data bus invalid

Data bus setup time before WRN or CEN high (write cycle)

Data hold time after WRN high

*DS

*DH

*RWD

–15

5, 7

High time between read and/or write cycles

Port Timing (See Figure 9)

Port in setup time before RDN low (Read IP ports cycle)

Port in hold time after RDN high

–20

*PS

*PH

*PD

OP port valid after WRN or CEN high (OPR write cycle)

Interrupt Timing (See Figure 10)

INTRN (or OP3–OP7 when used as interrupts) negated from:

*IR

Read RxFIFO (RxRDY/FFULL interrupt)

Write TxFIFO (TxRDY interrupt)

Reset Command (delta break change interrupt)

Stop C/T command (Counter/timer interrupt)

Read IPCR (delta input port change interrupt)

Write IMR (Clear of change interrupt mask bit(s))

Clock Timing (See Figure 11)

X1/CLK high or low time

0.1

*CLK

*CTC

*RX

X1/CLK frequency (for higher speeds contact factory)

3.686

MHz

C/T Clk (IP2) high or low time (C/T external clock input)

C/T Clk (IP2) frequency (for higher speeds contact factory)

MHz

RxC high or low time (16X)

RxC Frequency (16X) (for higher speeds contact factory)

MHz

*RX

8, 9

RxC Frequency (1x)

TxC High or low time (16X)

*TX

TxC frequency (16X) (for higher speeds contact factory)

MHz

*TX

8, 9

TxC frequency (1X)

Transmitter Timing, external clock (See Figure 12)

TxD output delay from TxC low (TxC input pin)

*TXD

*TCS

Output delay from TxC output pin low to TxD data output

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

Symbol

Parameter

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Receiver Timing, external clock (See Figure 13)

RxD data setup time to RxC high

RxD data hold time from RxC high

*RXS

*RXH

68000 or Motorola bus timing (See Figures 6, 7, 8)

DACKN Low (read cycle) from X1 High

DCR

DCW

DAT

DACKN Low (write cycle) from X1 High

DACKN High impedance from CEN or IACKN High

CEN or IACKN setup time to X1 High for minimum DACKN cycle

CSC

NOTES:

1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature and voltage range.

2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs swing between 0.4 V and 3.0 V with a transition time of

5 ns maximum. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4 V and 0.8*V . All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of 0.8 V and

2.0 V and output voltages of 0.8 V and 2.0 V, as appropriate.

3. Test conditions for outputs: CL = 125 pF, except open drain outputs. Test conditions for open drain outputs: C = 125 pF,

constant current source = 2.6 mA.

4. Typical values are the average values at +25 °C and 3.3 V.

5. Timing is illustrated and referenced to the WRN and RDN Inputs. Also, CEN may be the “strobing” input. CEN and RDN (also CEN and

WRN) are ORed internally. The signal asserted last initiates the cycle and the signal negated first terminates the cycle.

6. Guaranteed by characterization of sample units.

7. If CEN is used as the “strobing” input, the parameter defines the minimum High times between one CEN and the next. The RDN signal must

be negated for t

to guarantee that any status register changes are valid.

RWD

8. Minimum frequencies are not tested but are guaranteed by design.

9. Clocks for 1X mode should maintain a 60/40 duty cycle or better.

10.Minimum DACKN time is t

= t

+ t

+ two positive edges of the X1 clock. For faster bus cycles, the 80XXX bus timing may be used

DCR

DSC

DCR

while in the 68XXX mode. It is not necessary to wait for DACKN to insure the proper operation of the SC28C91. In all cases the data will be

written to the SC28L91 on the falling edge of DACKN or the rise of CEN. The fall of CEN initializes the bus cycle. The rise of CEN ends the

bus cycle. DACKN low or CEN high completes the write cycle.

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

Block Diagram

TIMING CIRCUITS

Crystal Clock

The SC28L91 UART consists of the following seven major sections:

data bus buffer, operation control, interrupt control, timing, Rx and

Tx FIFO Buffers, input port and output port control. Refer to the

Block Diagram.

The timing block consists of a crystal oscillator, a baud rate

generator, a programmable 16-bit counter/timer, and four clock

selectors. The crystal oscillator operates directly from a crystal

connected across the X1/CLK and X2 inputs. If an external clock of

the appropriate frequency is available, it may be connected to

X1/CLK. The clock serves as the basic timing reference for the Baud

Rate Generator (BRG), the counter/timer, and other internal circuits.

A clock signal within the limits specified in the specifications section

of this data sheet must always be supplied to the UART. If an

external clock is used instead of a crystal, X1 should be driven using

a configuration similar to the one in Figure 11. X2 should be open or

driving a nominal gate load. Nominal crystal rate is 3.6864 MHz.

Rates up to 8 MHz may be used.

Data Bus Buffer

The data bus buffer provides the interface between the external and

internal data buses. It is controlled by the operation control block to

allow read and write operations to take place between the controlling

CPU and the UART.

Operation Control

The operation control logic receives operation commands from the

CPU and generates appropriate signals to internal sections to

control device operation. It contains address decoding and read and

write circuits to permit communications with the microprocessor via

the data bus.

BRG

The baud rate generator operates from the oscillator or external

clock input and is capable of generating 28 commonly used data

communications baud rates ranging from 50 to 38.4 K baud.

Programming bit 0 of MR0 to a “1” gives additional baud rates of

57.6 kB, 115.2 kB and 230.4 kB (500 kHz with X1 at 8.0 MHz).

These will be in the 16X mode. A 3.6864 MHz crystal or external

clock must be used to get the standard baud rates. The clock

outputs from the BRG are at 16X the actual baud rate. The

counter/timer can be used as a timer to produce a 16X clock for any

other baud rate by counting down the crystal clock or an external

clock. The four clock selectors allow the independent selection, for

the receiver and transmitter, of any of these baud rates or external

timing signal.

Interrupt Control

A single active-Low interrupt output (INTRN) is provided which is

activated upon the occurrence of any of eight internal events.

Associated with the interrupt system are the Interrupt Mask Register

(IMR) and the Interrupt Status Register (ISR). The IMR can be

programmed to select only certain conditions to cause INTRN to be

asserted. The ISR can be read by the CPU to determine all currently

active interrupting conditions. Outputs OP3–OP7 can be

programmed to provide discrete interrupt outputs for the transmitter,

receiver, and counter/timer. Programming the OP3 to OP7 pins as

interrupts causes their output buffers to change to an open drain

active low configuration. The OP pins may be used for DMA and

modem control as well. (See output port notes).

Counter/Timer

FIFO Configuration

The counter timer is a 16-bit programmable divider that operates in

one of three modes: counter, timer, and time out. In the timer mode it

generates a square wave. In the counter mode it generates a time

delay. In the time out mode it monitors the time between received

characters. The C/T uses the numbers loaded into the

Counter/Timer Lower Register (CTLR) and the Counter/Timer Upper

Each receiver and transmitter has a 16 byte FIFO. These FIFOs

may be configured to operate at a fill capacity of either 8 or 16 bytes.

This feature may be used if it is desired to operate the 28L91 in

close compliance to 26C92 software. The 8-byte/16-byte mode is

controlled by the MR0[3] bit. A 0 value for this bit sets the 8-bit mode

( the default); a 1 sets the 16-byte mode.

The FIFO fill interrupt level automatically follow the programming of

the MR0[3] bit. See Tables 3 and 4.

The counter/timer clock source and mode of operation (counter or

timer) is selected by the Auxiliary Control Register bits 6 to 4

(ACR[6:4]). The output of the counter/timer may be used for a baud

rate and/or may be output to the OP pins for some external function

that may be totally unrelated to data transmission. The counter/timer

also sets the counter/timer ready bit in the Interrupt Status Register

(ISR) when its output transitions from 1 to 0. A register read address

(see Table 1) is reserved to issue a start counter/timer command

and a second register read address is reserved to issue a stop

command. The value of D[7:0] is ignored. The START command

always loads the contents of CTUR, CTLR to the counting registers.

The STOP command always resets the ISR[3] bit in the interrupt

status register.

68XXX mode

When the I/M pin is connected to V (ground), the operation of the

SC28L91 switches to the bus interface compatible with the Motorola

bus interfaces. Several of the pins change their function as follows:

• IP6 becomes IACKN input

• RDN becomes DACKN

• WRN becomes R/WN

The interrupt vector is enabled and the interrupt vector will be placed

on the data bus when IACKN is asserted low. The interrupt vector

set to 0x0F on the application of RESETN.

Timer Mode

In the timer mode a symmetrical square wave is generated whose

half period is equal in time to division of the selected counter/timer

clock frequency by the 16-bit number loaded in the CTLR CTUR.

Thus, the frequency of the counter/timer output will be equal to the

counter/timer clock frequency divided by twice the value of the

CTUR CTLR. While in the timer mode the ISR bit 3 (ISR[3]) will be

set each time the counter/timer transitions from 1 to 0. (High to low)

The generation of DACKN uses two positive edges of the X1 clock

as the DACKN delay from the falling edge of CEN. If the CEN is

withdrawn before two edges of the X1 clock occur, the

generation of DACKN is terminated. Systems not strictly requiring

DACKN may use the 68XXX mode with the bus timing of the 80XXX

mode greatly decreasing the bus cycle time.

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

This continues regardless of issuance of the stop counter command.

ISR[3] is reset by the stop counter command.

ISR [3], and the interrupt. Invoking the ‘Set Timeout Mode On’

command, CRx = 0xAn, will also clear the counter ready bit and stop

the counter until the next character is received. The counter timer is

controlled with six commands: Start/Stop C/T, Read/Write

Counter/Timer lower register and Read/Write Counter/Timer upper

mode of operation. Please see the detail of the commands under the

CTLR CTUR Register descriptions.

NOTE: Reading of the CTU and CTL registers in the timer mode is

not meaningful. When the C/T is used to generate a baud rate and

the C/T is selected through the CSR then the receiver and/or

transmitter will be operating in the 16x mode. Calculation for the

number ‘n’ to program the counter timer upper and lower registers is

shown below.

Time Out Mode Caution

cńt clock rate

When operating in the special time out mode it is possible to

generate what appears to be a “false interrupt”, i.e. an interrupt

without a cause. This may result when a time-out interrupt occurs

and then, BEFORE the interrupt is serviced, another character is

received, i.e., the data stream has started again. (The interrupt

latency is longer than the pause in the data stream.) In this case,

when a new character has been receiver, the counter/timer will be

restarted by the receiver, thereby withdrawing its interrupt. If, at this

time, the interrupt service begins for the previously seen interrupt, a

read of the ISR will show the “Counter Ready” bit not set. If nothing

else is interrupting, this read of the ISR will return a x’00 character.

This action may present the appearance of a spurious interrupt.

N +

2 * 16 * Baud rate

Often this division will result in a non-integer number; 26.3 for

example. One can only program integer numbers to a digital divider.

Therefore 26 would be chosen. This gives a baud rate error of

0.3/26.3 which is 1.14%; well within the ability of the asynchronous

mode of operation.

Counter Mode

In the counter mode the counter/timer counts the value of the CTLR

CTUR down to zero and then sets the ISR[3] bit and sets the

counter/timer output from 1 to 0. It then rolls over to 65,365 and

continues counting with no further observable effect. Reading the

C/T in the counter mode outputs the present state of the C/T. If the

C/T is not stopped, a read of the C/T may result in changing data on

the data bus.

Communications

The communications channel of the SC28L91 comprises a

full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). The operating

frequency for the receiver and transmitter can be selected

independently from the baud rate generator, the counter/timer, or

from an external input. The transmitter accepts parallel data from the

CPU, converts it to a serial bit stream, inserts the appropriate start,

stop, and optional parity bits and outputs a composite serial stream

of data on the TxD output pin. The receiver accepts serial data on

the RxD pin, converts this serial input to parallel format, checks for

start bit, stop bit, parity bit (if any), or break condition and sends an

assembled character to the CPU via the receive FIFO. Three status

bits (Break Received, Framing and Parity Errors) are also FIFOed

with the data character.

Timeout Mode

The timeout mode uses the received data stream to control the

counter. The time-out mode forces the C/T into the timer mode.

Each time a received character is transferred from the shift register

to the RxFIFO, the counter is restarted. If a new character is not

received before the counter reaches zero count, the counter ready

bit is set, and an interrupt can be generated. This mode can be used

to indicate when data has been left in the Rx FIFO for more than the

programmed time limit. If the receiver has been programmed to

interrupt the CPU when the receive FIFO is full, and the message

ends before the FIFO is full, the CPU will not be interrupted for the

remaining characters in the RxFIFO.

Input Port

The inputs to this unlatched 7-bit (6-bit for 68xxx mode) port can be

read by the CPU by performing a read operation at address 0xD. A

High input results in a logic 1 while a Low input results in a logic 0.

D7 will always read as a logic 1. The pins of this port can also serve

as auxiliary inputs to certain portions of the UART logic, modem and

DMA.

By programming the C/T such that it would time out in just over one

character time, the above situation could be avoided. The processor

would be interrupted any time the data stream had stopped for more

than one character time. NOTE: This is very similar to the watch dog

timer of MR0. The difference is in the programmability of the delay

timer and that this indicates that the data stream has stopped. The

watchdog timer is more of an indicator that data is in the FIFO is not

enough to cause an interrupt. The watchdog is restarted by either a

receiver load to the RxFIFO or a system read from it.

Four change-of-state detectors are provided which are associated

with inputs IP3, IP2, IP1 and IP0. A High-to-Low or Low-to-High

transition of these inputs, lasting longer than 25–50 µs, will set the

corresponding bit in the input port change register. The bits are

cleared when the register is read by the CPU. Any change-of-state

can also be programmed to generate an interrupt to the CPU.

This mode is enabled by writing the appropriate command to the

command register. Writing an ‘0xAn’ to CR will invoke the timeout

mode for that channel. Writing a ‘Cx’ to CR will disable the timeout

mode. The timeout mode disables the regular START/STOP counter

commands and puts the C/T into counter mode under the control of

the received data stream. Each time a received character is

transferred from the shift register to the RxFIFO, the C/T is stopped

after one C/T clock, reloaded with the value in CTUR and CTLR and

then restarted on the next C/T clock. If the C/T is allowed to end the

count before a new character has been received, the counter ready

Bit, ISR[3], will be set. If IMR[3] is set, this will generate an interrupt.

Since receiving a character restarts the C/T, the receipt of a

The input port change of state detection circuitry uses a 38.4 kHz

sampling clock derived from one of the baud rate generator taps.

This results in a sampling period of slightly more than 25 µs (this

assumes that the clock input is 3.6864 MHz). The detection circuitry,

in order to guarantee that a true change in level has occurred,

requires two successive samples at the new logic level be observed.

As a consequence, the minimum duration of the signal change is

25 µs if the transition occurs “coincident with the first sample pulse”.

The 50 µs time refers to the situation in which the change-of-state is

character after the C/T has timed out will clear the counter ready bit,

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

“just missed” and the first change-of-state is not detected until 25 µs

If CTS option is enabled (MR2[4] = 1), the CTS input at IP0 or IP1

must be Low in order for the character to be transmitted. The

transmitter will check the state of the CTS input at the beginning of

the character transmitted. If it is found to be High, the transmitter will

delay the transmission of any following characters until the CTS has

returned to the low state. CTS going high during the serialization of

a character will not affect that character.

later.

Output Port

The output ports are controlled from six places: the OPCR, OPR,

MR, Command, SOPR and ROPR registers. The OPCR register

controls the source of the data for the output ports OP2 through

OP7. The data source for output ports OP0 and OP1 is controlled by

the MR and CR registers. When the OPR is the source of the data

for the output ports, the data at the ports is inverted from that in the

OPR register. The content of the OPR register is controlled by the

“Set Output Port Bits Command” and the “Reset Output Bits

Command”. These commands are at E and F, respectively. When

these commands are used, action takes place only at the bit

locations where ones exist. For example, a one in bit location 5 of

the data word used with the “Set Output Port bits” command will

result in OPR[5] being set to one. The OP5 would then be set to

The transmitter can also control the RTSN outputs, OP0 or OP1 via

MR2[5]. When this mode of operation is set, the meaning of the OP0

or OP1 signals will usually be ‘end of message’. See description of

the MR2[5] bit for more detail. This feature may be used to

automatically “turn around” a transceiver in simplex systems.

Receiver

The SC28L91 is conditioned to receive data when enabled through

the command register. The receiver looks for a High-to-Low

(mark-to-space) transition of the start bit on the RxD input pin. If a

transition is detected, the state of the RxD pin is sampled the 16X

clock for 7–1/2 clocks (16X clock mode) or at the next rising edge of

the bit time clock (1X clock mode). If RxD is sampled high, the start

bit is invalid and the search for a valid start bit begins again. If RxD

is still Low, a valid start bit is assumed and the receiver continues to

sample the input at one-bit time intervals at the theoretical center of

the bit. When the proper number of data bits and parity bit (if any)

have been assembled, and one/half stop bit has been detected the

byte is loaded to the RxFIFO. The least significant bit is received

first. The data is then transferred to the Receive FIFO and the

RxRDY bit in the SR is set to a 1. This condition can be

programmed to generate an interrupt at OP4 or OP5 and INTRN. If

the character length is less than 8 bits, the most significant unused

bits in the RxFIFO are set to zero.

zero (V ). Similarly, a one in bit position 5 of the data word

associated with the “Reset Output Ports Bits” command would set

OPR[5] to zero and, hence, the pin OP5 to a one (V ).

These pins along with the IP pins and their change of state detectors

are often used for modem and DMA control.

OPERATION

Transmitter

The SC28L91 is conditioned to transmit data when the transmitter is

enabled through the command register. The SC28L91 indicates to

the CPU that it is ready to accept a character by setting the TxRDY

bit in the status register. This condition can be programmed to

generate an interrupt request at OP6 or OP7 and INTRN. When the

transmitter is initially enabled the TxRDY and TxEMPT bits will be

set in the status register. When a character is loaded to the transmit

FIFO the TxEMPT bit will be reset. The TxEMPT will not set until: 1)

the transmit FIFO is empty and the transmit shift register has

finished transmitting the stop bit of the last character written to the

transmit FIFO, or 2) the transmitter is disabled and then re-enabled.

The TxRDY bit is set whenever the transmitter is enabled and the

TxFIFO is not full. Data is transferred from the holding register to

transmit shift register when it is idle or has completed transmission

of the previous character. Characters cannot be loaded into the

TxFIFO while the transmitter is disabled.

After the stop bit is detected, the receiver will immediately look for

the next start bit. However if a framing error occurs (a non-zero

character was received without a stop bit) and then RxD remains

low one/half bit time the receiver operates as if a new start bit was

detected. It then continues to assemble the next character.

The parity error, framing error, and overrun error (if any) are strobed

into the SR from the next byte to be read from the Rx FIFO.

If a break condition is detected (RxD is Low for the entire character

including the stop bit), a character consisting of all zeros will be

loaded into the RxFIFO and the received break bit in the SR is set to

1. The RxD input must return to high for two (2) clock edges of the

X1 crystal clock for the receiver to recognize the end of the break

condition and begin the search for a start bit.

The transmitter converts the parallel data from the CPU to a serial

bit stream on the TxD output pin. It automatically sends a start bit

followed by the programmed number of data bits, an optional parity

bit, and the programmed number of stop bits. The least significant

bit is sent first. Following the transmission of the stop bits, if a new

character is not available in the TxFIFO, the TxD output remains

High and the TxEMT bit in the Status Register (SR) will be set to 1.

Transmission resumes and the TxEMT bit is cleared when the CPU

loads a new character into the TxFIFO.

This will usually require a high time of one X1 clock period or 3 X1

edges since the clock of the controller is not synchronous to the X1

clock.

Transmitter Reset and Disable

Note the difference between transmitter disable and reset. A

transmitter reset stops transmitter action immediately, clears the

transmitter FIFO and returns the idle state. A transmitter disable

withdraws the transmitter interrupts but allows the transmitter to

continue operation until all bytes in its FIFO and shift register have

been transmitted including the final stop bits. It then returns to its

idle state.

If the transmitter is disabled it continues operating until the character

currently being transmitted and any characters in the TxFIFO,

including parity and stop bits, have been transmitted. New data

cannot be loaded to the TxFIFO when the transmitter is disabled.

When the transmitter is reset it stops sending data immediately.

Receiver FIFO

The transmitter can be forced to send a break (a continuous low

condition) by issuing a START BREAK command via the CR

transmitter reset.

The RxFIFO consists of a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) stack with a

capacity of 8 or 16 characters. Data is loaded from the receive shift

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

in the status register is set whenever one or more characters are

available to be read, and a FFULL status bit is set if all 8 or 16 stack

positions are filled with data. Either of these bits can be selected to

cause an interrupt. A read of the RxFIFO outputs the data at the top

of the FIFO. After the read cycle, the data FIFO and its associated

status bits (see below) are ‘popped’ thus emptying a FIFO position

for new data.

read. This situation may occur at the end of a transmission when the

last few characters received are not sufficient to cause an interrupt.

This counter times out after 64 bit times. It is reset each time a

character is transferred from the receiver shift register to the

RxFIFO or a read of the RxFIFO is executed.

Receiver Time-out Mode

In addition to the watch dog timer described in the receiver section,

the counter/timer may be used for a similar function. Its 16-bit

programmability allows much greater precision of time out intervals.

A disabled receiver with data in its FIFO may generate an interrupt

(see “Receiver Status Bits”, below). Its status bits remain active and

its watchdog, if enabled, will continue to operate.

The time-out mode uses the received data stream to control the

counter. Each time a received character is transferred from the shift

not received before the counter reaches zero count, the counter

ready bit is set, and an interrupt can be generated. This mode can

be used to indicate when data has been left in the RxFIFO for more

than the programmed time limit. Otherwise, if the receiver has been

programmed to interrupt the CPU when the receive FIFO is full, and

the message ends before the FIFO is full, the CPU may not know

there is data left in the FIFO. The CTU and CTL value would be

programmed for just over one character time, so that the CPU would

be interrupted as soon as it has stopped receiving continuous data.

This mode can also be used to indicate when the serial line has

been marking for longer than the programmed time limit. In this

case, the CPU has read all of the characters from the FIFO, but the

last character received has started the count. If there is no new data

during the programmed time interval, the counter ready bit will get

set, and an interrupt can be generated.

Receiver Status Bits

In addition to the data word, three status bits (parity error, framing

error, and received break) are also appended to the data character

in the FIFO. The overrun error, MR1[5], and the change of break

(ISR[2]) are not FIFOed.

The status of the Rx FIFO may be provided in two ways, as

programmed by the error mode control bit in the mode register

(MR1[5]). In the ‘character’ mode, status is provided on a

character-by-character basis; the status applies only to the

character at the top of the FIFO. In the ‘block’ mode, the status

provided in the SR for these three bits is the logical-OR of the status

for all characters coming to the top of the FIFO since the last ‘reset

error’ from the command register was issued. In either mode

reading the SR does not affect the FIFO. The FIFO is ‘popped’ only

when the RxFIFO is read. Therefore the status register should be

read prior to reading the FIFO.

If the FIFO is full when a new character is received, that character is

held in the receive shift register until a FIFO position is available. If

an additional character is received while this state exits, the

contents of the FIFO are not affected; the character previously in the

shift register is lost and the overrun error status bit (SR[4]) will be

set-upon receipt of the start bit of the new (overrunning) character.

The time-out mode is enabled by writing the appropriate command

to the command register. Writing an 0xAn to CR will invoke the

time-out mode for that channel. Writing a ‘Cx’ to CR will disable the

time-out mode. The time-out mode should only be used by one

channel at once, since it uses the C/T. CTU and CTL must be

loaded with a value greater than the normal receive character

period. The time-out mode disables the regular START/STOP

Counter commands and puts the C/T into counter mode under the

control of the received data stream. Each time a received character

is transferred from the shift register to the RxFIFO, the C/T is

stopped after 1 C/T clock, reloaded with the value in CTU and CTL

and then restarted on the next C/T clock. If the C/T is allowed to end

the count before a new character has been received, the counter

ready bit, ISR[3], will be set. If IMR[3] is set, this will generate an

interrupt. Receiving a character after the C/T has timed out will clear

the counter ready bit, ISR[3], and the interrupt. Invoking the ‘Set

Time-out Mode On’ command, CRx = ‘Ax’, will also clear the counter

ready bit and stop the counter until the next character is received.

The receiver can control the deactivation of RTS. If programmed to

operate in this mode, the RTSN output will be negated when a valid

start bit was received and the FIFO is full. When a FIFO position

becomes available, the RTSN output will be re-asserted (set low)

automatically. This feature can be used to prevent an overrun, in the

receiver, by connecting the RTSN output to the CTSN input of the

transmitting device.

If the receiver is disabled, the FIFO characters can be read.

However, no additional characters can be received until the receiver

is enabled again. If the receiver is reset, the FIFO and all of the

receiver status, and the corresponding output ports and interrupt are

reset. No additional characters can be received until the receiver is

enabled again.

Watchdog and Time Out Mode Differences

The watchdog timer is restarted each time a character is read from

or written to the Rx FIFO. It is an indicator that data is in the FIFO

that has not been read. If the Rx FIFO is empty no action occurs. In

the time out mode the C/T is stopped and restarted each time a

character is written to the Rx FIFO. From this point of view the time

out of the C/T is an indication that the data stream has stopped.

After the time out mode is invoked the timer will not start until the

first character is written to the Rx FIFO.

Receiver Reset and Disable

Receiver disable stops the receiver immediately—data being

assembled in the receiver shift register is lost. Data and status in the

FIFO is preserved and may be read. A re-enable of the receiver

after a disable will cause the receiver to begin assembling

characters at the next start bit detected.

A receiver reset will discard the present shift register date, reset the

receiver ready bit (RxRDY), clear the status of the byte at the top of

the FIFO and re-align the FIFO read/write pointers.

Time Out Mode Caution

When operating in the special time out mode, it is possible to

generate what appears to be a “false interrupt”, i.e. an interrupt

without a cause. This may result when a time-out interrupt occurs

and then, BEFORE the interrupt is serviced, another character is

received, i.e., the data stream has started again. (The interrupt

Watchdog

A ‘watchdog timer’ is associated with the receiver. Its interrupt is

enabled by MR0[7]. The purpose of this timer is to alert the control

processor that characters are in the RxFIFO which have not been

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

latency is longer than the pause in the data stream.) In this case,

when a new character has been received, the counter/timer will be

restarted by the receiver, thereby withdrawing its interrupt. If, at this

time, the interrupt service begins for the previously seen interrupt, a

read of the ISR will show the “Counter Ready” bit not set. If nothing

else is interrupting, this read of the ISR will return a x’00 character.

character if the received A/D bit is a zero (data tag). If enabled, all

received characters are transferred to the CPU via the RxFIFO. In

either case, the data bits are loaded into the data FIFO while the

A/D bit is loaded into the status FIFO position normally used for

parity error (SR[5] ). Framing error, overrun error, and break detect

operate normally whether or not the receiver is enabled.

Multi-drop Mode (9-bit or Wake-Up)

The UART is equipped with a wake up mode for multi-drop

applications. This mode is selected by programming bits MR1[4:3]or

to ‘11’. In this mode of operation, a ‘master’ station transmits an

address character followed by data characters for the addressed

‘slave’ station. The slave station(s) whose receiver(s) that are

normally disabled, examine the received data stream and ‘wakeup’

the CPU (by setting RxRDY) only upon receipt of an address

character. The CPU compares the received address to its station

address and enables the receiver if it wishes to receive the

subsequent data characters. Upon receipt of another address

character, the CPU may disable the receiver to initiate the process

again.

PROGRAMMING

The operation of the UART is programmed by writing control words

into the appropriate registers. Operational feedback is provided via

status registers which can be read by the CPU. The addressing of

the registers is described in Table 1.

The contents of certain control registers are initialized to zero on

RESET. Care should be exercised if the contents of a register are

changed during operation, since certain changes may cause

operational problems.

For example, changing the number of bits per character while the

transmitter is active may cause the transmission of an incorrect

character. In general, the contents of the MR, the CSR, and the

OPCR should only be changed while the receiver(s) and

transmitter(s) are not enabled, and certain changes to the ACR

should only be made while the C/T is stopped.

A transmitted character consists of a start bit, the programmed

number of data bits, and Address/Data (A/D) bit, and the

programmed number of stop bits. The polarity of the transmitted A/D

bit is selected by the CPU by programming bit MR1[2]. MR1[2]= 0

transmits a zero in the A/D bit position, which identifies the

corresponding data bits as data. MR1[2] = 1 transmits a one in the

A/D bit position, which identifies the corresponding data bits as an

address. The CPU should program the mode register prior to

loading the corresponding data bits into the TxFIFO.

The channel has 3 mode registers (MR0, 1, 2) which control the

basic configuration of the channel. Access to these registers is

controlled by independent MR address pointers. These pointers are

set to 0 or 1 by MR control commands in the command register

“Miscellaneous Commands”. Each time the MR registers are

accessed the MR pointer increments, stopping at MR2. It remains

pointing to MR2 until set to 0 or 1 via the miscellaneous commands

of the command register. The pointer is set to 1 on reset for

compatibility with previous Philips Semiconductors UART software.

MR1[2] = 1 transmits a one in the A/D bit position, which identifies

the corresponding data bits as an address. The CPU should

program the mode register prior to loading the corresponding data

bits into the TxFIFO.

Refer to Table 2 for register bit descriptions. The reserved registers

at addresses 0x02 and 0x0A should never be read during normal

operation since they are reserved for internal diagnostics.

In this mode, the receiver continuously looks at the received data

stream, whether it is enabled or disabled. If disabled, it sets the

RxRDY status bit and loads the character into the RxFIFO if the

received A/D bit is a one (address tag), but discards the received

Table 1. SC28L91 register addressing

Address Bits

A[3:0]

READ (RDN = 0)

WRITE (WRN = 0)

Mode Register(MR0, MR1, MR2)

Status Register(SR)

Mode Register(MR0, MR1, MR2)

Clock Select Register(CSR)

Command Register(CR)

Reserved

Rx Holding Register(RxFIFO)

Input Port Change Register (IPCR)

Interrupt Status Register (ISR)

Counter/Timer Upper (CTU)

Counter/Timer Lower (CTL)

Tx Holding Register(RxFIFO)

Aux. Control Register (ACR)

Interrupt Mask Register (IMR)

C/T Upper Preset Register (CTPU)

C/T Lower Preset Register (CTPL)

Interrupt vector (68K mode), Misc. register in Intel mode

IVR Motorola mode, Misc. register (Intel mode)

Input Port (IPR)

Interrupt vector (68K mode), Misc. register in Intel mode

IVR Motorola mode, Misc. register (Intel mode)

Output Port Configuration Register (OPCR)

Set Output Port Bits Command (SOPR)

Start Counter Command

Stop Counter Command

Reset output Port Bits Command (ROPR)

NOTE:

1. The three MR registers are accessed via the MR Pointer and Commands 0x1n and 0xBn (where n = represents receiver and transmitter enable bits)

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

(R/W = Read/Write, R = Read only, W = Write only)

Interrupt Mask Register

Counter Timer Upper Value

Counter Timer Lower Value

Counter Timer Preset Upper

Counter Timer Preset Lower

Input Port Register

Output Configuration Register

Set Output Port

Reset Output Port

IMR

CTU

CTL

CTPU

CTPL

IPR

OPCR

Bits

R/W

Mode Register

Status Register

MRn

R/W

Clock Select

Command Register

Receiver FIFO

CSR

RxFIFO

IPCR

ACR

ISR

Transmitter FIFO

Input Port Change Register

Auxiliary Control Register

Interrupt Status Register

Bits

IVR/GP

Interrupt vector or GP register

Table 2. Condensed Register bit formats

Adr Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

TEST 2

Bit 0

Name

MR0

WATCH

RxINT BIT 2

TxINT [1:0]

FIFO SIZE

BAUD RATE

EXTENDED

BAUD RATE

EXTENDED 1

DOG

MR1

MR2

RxRTS

Control

RxINT BIT 1

Error Mode

Parity Mode

Parity Type

Bits per Character

Channel Mode

TxRTS

Control

CTSN Enable Stop Bit Length

CSR

Receiver Clock, Select Code

Transmitter Clock select code,

Received

Break

Framing

Error

Parity Error

Overrun Error TxEMT

TxRDY

RxFULL

RxRDY

Channel Command codes

Read 8 bits from Rx FIFO

Write 8 bits to Tx FIFO

Disable Tx

Enable Tx

Disable Rx

Enable Rx

RxFIFO

TxFIFO

IPCR

ACR

Delta IP3

Delta IP2

Delta IP1

Delta IP0

State of IP3

Enable IP3

State of IP2

Enable IP2

State of IP1

Enable IP1

RxRDY

State of IP0

Enable IP0

TxRDY

Baud Group Counter Timer mode and clock select

ISR

Change

Ignore in ISR Reads

Counter

Ready

Change

Break

Input Port

IMR

Change

Input Port

Set to 0

Counter

Ready

Change

Break

RxRDY

TxRDY

CTU

Read 8 MSb of the BRG Timer divisor.

Write 8 MSb of the BRG Timer divisor.

Read 8 LSb of the BRG Timer divisor.

Write 8 LSb of the BRG Timer divisor.

CTPU

CTL

CTPL

IPR

State of IP

State of IP 6

State of IP 5

State of IP 4

State of IP 3

State of IP 2

State of IP1

State of IP 0

OPCR

Configure

OP7

Configure

OP6

Configure

OP5

Configure

OP4

Configure OP3

Configure OP2

Strt C/T

SOPR

Read Address E to start Counter Timer

Set OP 7 Set OP 6 Set OP 5

Read Address F to stop counter Timer

Reset OP 7 Reset OP 6 Reset OP 5

Set OP 4

Set OP 3

Set OP 2

Set OP 1

Set OP 0

Stp C/T

ROPR

Reset OP 4

Reset OP 3

Reset OP 2

Reset OP 1

Reset OP 0

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

MR0 – Mode Register 0

Mode Register 0. MR0 is accessed by setting the MR pointer to 0 via the command register command B.

Addr

MR0

Bit 7

WATCHDOG

BIT 6

RxINT BIT 2

BITS 5:4

TxINT (1:0)

BIT 3

FIFO SIZE

BIT 2

BAUD RATE

EXTENDED II

BIT 1

TEST 2

BIT 0

BAUD RATE

EXTENDED 1

0x00

0x08

0 = Disable

1 = Enable

See Tables in

MR0 descrip-

tion

See Table 4

0 = 8 byte FIFO

1 = 16 byte FIFO

0 = Normal

1 = Extend II

Set to 0

0 = Normal

1 = Extend

MR0[7]—Watchdog Control

MR0[5:4]—Tx interrupt fill level.

This bit controls the receiver watchdog timer. 0 = disable,

1 = enable. When enabled, the watch dog timer will generate a

receiver interrupt if the receiver FIFO has not been accessed within

64 bit times of the receiver 1X clock. This is used to alert the control

processor that data is in the RxFIFO that has not been read. This

situation may occur when the byte count of the last part of a

message is not large enough to generate an interrupt.

Table 4. Transmitter FIFO

Interrupt fill level MR0(3) = 0 (8 bytes)

MR0[5:4]

Interrupt Condition

8 bytes empty (Tx EMPTY)

4 or more bytes empty

6 or more bytes empty

MR0[6]—Rx Interrupt bit 2

Bit 2 of receiver FIFO interrupt level. This bit along with Bit 6 of MR1

sets the fill level of the FIFO that generates the receiver interrupt.

1 or more bytes empty (Tx RDY)

Table 4a. Transmitter FIFO

MR0[6], MR1[6] Rx Interrupt bits

Interrupt fill level MR0(3) = 1 (16 bytes)

Note that this control is split between MR0 and MR1. This is for

backward compatibility to legacy software of the SC2692 and

SCN2681 dual UART devices.

MR0[5:4]

Interrupt Condition

16 bytes empty (Tx EMPTY)

8 or more bytes empty

Table 3. Receiver FIFO

Interrupt fill level (MR0(3) = 0 (8 bytes)

12 or more bytes empty

1 or more bytes empty (Tx RDY)

MR0[6] MR1[6]

Interrupt Condition

1 or more bytes in FIFO (Rx RDY)

6 or more bytes in FIFO

4 or more bytes in FIFO

8 bytes in FIFO (Rx FULL)

For the transmitter these bits control the number of FIFO positions

empty when the transmitter will attempt to interrupt. After the reset

the transmit FIFO has 8 bytes empty. It will then attempt to interrupt

as soon as the transmitter is enabled. The default setting of the MR0

bits [5:4] condition the transmitter to attempt to interrupt only when it

is completely empty. As soon as one–byte is loaded, it is no longer

empty and hence will withdraw its interrupt request.

Table 3a. Receiver FIFO

Interrupt fill level(MR0(3)=1 (16 bytes)

MR0[6] MR1[6]

Interrupt Condition

MR0[3]—FIFO size

Selects the FIFO depth at 8 or 16 bytes. See Tables 3 and 4

1 or more bytes in FIFO (Rx RDY)

8 or more bytes in FIFO

MR0[2:0]—Baud Rate Group Selection

These bits are used to select one of the six–baud rate groups.

12 or more bytes in FIFO

16 bytes in FIFO (Rx FULL)

See Table 5 for the group organization.

• 000 Normal mode

• 001 Extended mode I

• 100 Extended mode II

For the receiver these bits control the number of FIFO positions

filled when the receiver will attempt to interrupt. After the reset the

receiver FIFO is empty. The default setting of these bits cause the

receiver to attempt to interrupt when it has one or more bytes in it.

Other combinations of MR2[2:0] should not be used.

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

MR1 – Mode Register 1

Addr

MR1

BIT 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BITS PER

BIT 0

Rx CONTROLS

RTS

RxINT

BIT 1

ERROR

MODE

PARITY MODE

PARITY TYPE

CHARACTER

0x00

0 = No

1 = Yes

0 = RxRDY

1 = FFULL

0 = Char

1 = Block

00 = With Parity

01 = Force Parity

10 = No Parity

0 = Even

1 = Odd

00 = 5

01 = 6

10 = 7

11 = 8

11 = Multi-drop Mode

NOTE:

In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by using the error reset command (command 4x) or a receiver reset.

MR1 is accessed when the MR pointer points to MR1. The pointer is

set to MR1 by RESET or by a ‘set pointer’ command applied via CR

command 0x10. After reading or writing MR1, the pointer will point to

MR2 and will not move from MR2 on subsequent MR reads or

writes.

provided on a character-by-character basis; the status applies only

to the character at the top of the FIFO. In the ‘block’ mode, the

status provided in the SR for these bits is the accumulation

(logical-OR) of the status for all characters coming to the top of the

FIFO since the last ‘reset error’ command was issued.

MR1[7]— Receiver Request–to–Send Control (Flow Control)

This bit controls the deactivation of the RTSN output (OP0) by the

receiver. This output is normally asserted by setting OPR[0] and

negated by resetting OPR[0]. Proper automatic operation of flow

control requires OPR[0] to be set to logical 1.

MR1[4:3|— Parity Mode Select

If ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ is selected a parity bit is added to the

transmitted character and the receiver performs a parity check on

incoming data MR1[4:3] = 11 selects operation in the special

multi–drop mode described in the Operation section.

MR1[7] = 1 causes RTSN to be negated (OP0 is driven to a ‘1’

[V ]) upon receipt of a valid start bit if the FIFO is full. This is the

MR1[2]— Parity Type Select

This bit selects the parity type (odd or even) if the ‘with parity’ mode

is programmed by MR1[4:3], and the polarity of the forced parity bit

if the ‘force parity’ mode is programmed. It has no effect if the ‘no

parity’ mode is programmed. In the special multi-drop mode it

selects the polarity of the A/D bit.

beginning of the reception of the ninth byte. If the FIFO is not read

before the start of the tenth or 17th byte, an overrun condition will

occur and the tenth or 17th or 17th byte will be lost. However, the bit

in OPR[0] is not reset and RTSN will be asserted again when an

empty FIFO position is available. This feature can be used for flow

control to prevent overrun in the receiver by using the RTSN output

signal to control the CTSN input of the transmitting device.

MR1[1:0]— Bits Per Character Select

This field selects the number of data bits per character to be

transmitted and received. The character length does not include the

start, parity, and stop bits.

MR1[6]—Rx Interrupt Bit 1

Bit 1 of the receiver interrupt control. See description under MR0[6].

MR1[5]— Error Mode Select

This bit selects the operating mode of the three FIFOed status bits

(FE, PE, and received break) for. In the ‘character’ mode, status is

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

MR2 – Mode Register 2

MR2 is accessed when the MR pointer points to MR2, which occurs after any access to MR1. Accesses to MR2 do not change the pointer.

ADDR

BIT 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BIT 0

CHANNEL MODE

Tx CONTROLS

RTS

CTS

ENABLE Tx

STOP BIT LENGTH

NOTE: Add 0.5 to binary codes 0–7 for 5 bit character lengths.

0x00

00 = Normal

0 = 0.563

1 = 0.625

2 = 0.688

3 = 0.750

4 = 0.813

5 = 0.875

6 = 0.938

7 = 1.000

8 = 1.563

9 = 1.625

A = 1.688

B = 1.750

C = 1.813

D = 1.875

E = 1.938

F = 2.000

01 = Auto-Echo

10 = Local loop

11 = Remote loop

0 = No

1 = Yes

NOTE:

Add 0.5 to values shown for 0–7 if channel is programmed for 5 bits/char.

MR2[7:6]— Mode Select

4. The received parity is not checked and is not regenerated for

transmission, i.e., transmitted parity is as received.

The channel of the UART can operate in one of four modes.

MR2[7:6] = 00 is the normal mode, with the transmitter and receiver

operating independently.

5. The receiver must be enabled.

6. Character framing is not checked, and the stop bits are

retransmitted as received.

MR2[7:6] = 01 places the channel in the automatic echo mode,

which automatically retransmits the received data. The following

conditions are true while in automatic echo mode:

7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start

bit is detected.

1. Received data is reclocked and retransmitted on the TxD output.

2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter.

The user must exercise care when switching into and out of the

various modes. The selected mode will be activated immediately

upon mode selection, even if this occurs in the middle of a received

or transmitted character. Likewise, if a mode is deselected the

device will switch out of the mode immediately.

3. The receiver must be enabled, but the transmitter needs not be

enabled.

4. The TxRDY and TxEMT status bits are inactive.

5. The received parity is checked, but is not regenerated for

transmission, i.e. transmitted parity bit is as received.

An exception to this occurs when switching out of auto echo or

remote loop back modes. If the de-selection occurs just after the

receiver has sampled the stop bit (indicated in auto echo by

assertion of RxRDY) and the transmitter is enabled, then the

transmitter will remain in auto echo mode until the stop bit(s) have

been re-transmitted.

6. Character framing is checked, but the stop bits are retransmitted

as received.

7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start

bit is detected.

In most situations the above is rendered transparent by other

system considerations. However recall that the stop bit sequence

may be very long compared to bus cycles. If rapid reconfiguration of

the transmitter is desired in the above conditions the controlling

system should wait for the TxEMT bit to set or issue a Tx software

reset before reconfiguration begins.

8. CPU to receiver communication continues normally, but the CPU

to transmitter link is disabled.

MR2[7:6] = 10 selects local loop back diagnostic mode. In this

mode:

1. The transmitter output is internally connected to the receiver

input.

MR2[5]— Transmitter Request–to–Send Control

This bit controls the deactivation of the RTSN output (OP0) by the

transmitter. This output is normally asserted by setting OPR[0] and

negated by resetting OPR[0]. MR2[5] = 1 caused OPR[0] to be

reset automatically one bit time after the characters in the transmit

shift register and in the TxFIFO, if any, are completely transmitted

including the programmed number of stop bits, if the transmitter is

not enabled.

2. The transmit clock is used for the receiver.

3. The TxD output is held High.

4. The RxD input is ignored.

5. The transmitter must be enabled, but the receiver need not be

enabled.

6. CPU to transmitter and receiver communications continue

normally.

This feature can be used to automatically terminate the transmission

of a message as follows (“line turnaround”):

1. Program auto–reset mode: MR2[5] = 1.

MR2[7:6] = 11 selects remote loop back diagnostic mode. In this

2. Enable transmitter.

3. Asset RTSN: OPR[0] = 1.

4. Send message.

mode:

1. Received data is reclocked and retransmitted on the TxD

out–put.

2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter.

5. Disable transmitter after the last character is loaded into the

TxFIFO.

3. Received data is not sent to the local CPU, and the error status

conditions are inactive.

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

6. The last character will be transmitted and OPR[0] will be reset

one bit time after the last stop bit, causing RTSN to be negated.

MR2[3:0]— Stop Bit Length Select

This field programs the length of the stop bit appended to the

transmitted character. Stop bit lengths of 9/16 to 1 and 1–9/16 to 2

bits, in increments of 1/16 bit, can be programmed for character

lengths of 6, 7, and 8 bits. For a character lengths of 5 bits, 1–1/16

to 2 stop bits can be programmed in increments of 1/16 bit. In all

cases, the receiver only checks for a ‘mark’ condition at the center

of the stop bit position (one half-bit time after the last data bit, or

after the parity bit if enabled is sampled).

MR2[4]— Clear-to-Send Control

If this bit is 0, CTSN has no effect on the transmitter. If this bit is a 1,

the transmitter checks the state of CTSN (IP0) the time it is ready to

send a character. If IP0 is asserted (Low), the character is

transmitted. If it is negated (High), the TxD output remains in the

marking state and the transmission is delayed until CTSN goes low.

Changes in CTSN while a character is being transmitted do not

affect the transmission of that character..

If an external 1X clock is used for the transmitter, then MR2[3] = 0

selects one stop bit and MR2[3] = 1 selects two stop bits to be

transmitted.

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

CSR CLOCK SELECT REGISTER

Addr

CSR

0x01

CSR (7:4)

CSR (3:0)

RECEIVER CLOCK SELECT

See Text and table 5

TRANSMITTER CLOCK SELECT

See Text and table 5

Table 5. Baud rate (base on a 3.6864MHz crystal clock)

MR0[0] = 0 (Normal Mode)

MR0[0] = 1 (Extended Mode I)

MR0[2] = 1 (Extended Mode II)

CSRA[7:4]

0000

0001

0010

0011

ACR[7] = 0

ACR[7] = 1

ACR[7] = 0

300

ACR[7] = 1

450

ACR[7] = 0

4,800

ACR[7] = 1

7,200

110

880

134.5

200

134.5

150

134.5

1200

134.5

900

1,076

19.2K

28.8K

57.6K

115.2K

1,050

14.4K

28.8K

57.6K

115.2K

2,000

0100

0101

0110

300

1800

600

3600

1,200

1,050

2,400

4,800

7,200

9,600

38.4K

Timer

IP4–16X

IP4–1X

1,200

2,000

2,400

4,800

1,800

9,600

19.2K

Timer

IP4–16X

IP4–1X

7200

7,200

2,000

14.4K

28.8K

1,800

57.6K

115.2K

Timer

IP4–16X

IP4–1X

0111

1,050

14.4K

28.8K

7,200

57.6K

230.4K

Timer

IP4–16X

IP4–1X

1000

1001

1010

1011

57.6K

4,800

57.6K

4,800

57.6K

9,600

14.4K

9,600

1100

38.4K

Timer

19.2K

Timer

1101

1110

IP4–16X

IP4–1X

IP4–16X

IP4–1X

1111

NOTE:

1. The receiver clock is always a 16X clock except for CSR[7:4] = 1111. CSR[3:0]— Transmitter Clock Select. This field selects the baud rate

clock for the transmitter.

The field definition is as shown in Table 5, except as follows:

CSR[3:0]

1110

1111

IP3 –16X

IP3 –1X

The transmitter clock is always a 16X clock except for CSR[3:0] = 1111.

Table 6. Bit rate generator characteristics for Crystal or Clock = 3.6864MHz

NORMAL RATE (BAUD)

ACTUAL 16X CLOCK (KHz)

ERROR (%)

0.8

1.2

110

134.5

150

1.759

2.153

2.4

–0.069

0.059

200

3.2

300

4.8

600

9.6

1050

1200

1800

2000

2400

4800

7200

9600

19.2K

38.4K

16.756

19.2

28.8

32.056

38.4

76.8

115.2

153.6

307.2

614.4

–0.260

0.175

NOTE:

Duty cycle of 16X clock is 50% ꢀ1%

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

CR—Command Register

CR is a register used to supply commands to the UART. Multiple

commands can be specified in a single write to CR as long as the

commands are non–conflicting, e.g., the ‘enable transmitter’ and

‘reset transmitter’ commands cannot be specified in a single

command word.

CR COMMAND REGISTER

Addr

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BIT 0

MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

Disable Tx

Enable Tx

Disable Rx

Enable Rx

0x02

See Text of Channel Command Register

1 = Yes

0 = No

1 = Yes

0 = No

1 = Yes

0 = No

1 = Yes

0 = No

NOTES:

Access to the miscellaneous commands should be separated by 3 X1 clock edges. A disabled transmitter cannot be loaded.

CR[7:4]—Miscellaneous Commands

1011

1100

Set MR pointer to ‘0’

Execution of the commands in the upper four bits of this register

must be separated by 3 X1 clock edges. Other reads or writes

(including writes to the lower four bits) may be inserted to achieve

this separation.

Disable Timeout Mode. This command returns control

of the C/T to the regular START/STOP counter com-

mands. It does not stop the counter, or clear any pend-

ing interrupts. After disabling the timeout mode, a ‘Stop

Counter’ command should be issued to force a reset of

the ISR[3] bit

CR[7:4]—Commands

1101

1110

Not used.

0000

0001

No command.

Reset MR pointer. Causes the MR pointer to point to

MR1.

Power Down Mode On. In this mode, the UART oscilla-

tor is stopped and all functions requiring this clock are

suspended. The execution of commands other than

disable power down mode (1111) requires a X1/CLK.

While in the power down mode, do not issue any com-

mands to the CR except the disable power down mode

command. The contents of all registers will be saved

while in this mode. It is recommended that the transmit-

ter and receiver be disabled prior to placing the UART

into power down mode.

0010

Reset receiver. Resets the receiver as if a hardware

reset had been applied. The receiver is disabled and

the FIFO is flushed.

0011

0100

Reset transmitter. Resets the transmitter as if a hard-

ware reset had been applied.

Reset error status. Clears the Received Break, Parity

Error, and Overrun Error bits in the status register

(SR[7:4]). Used in character mode to clear OE status

(although Received Break, PE and FE bits will also be

cleared) and in block mode to clear all error status after

a block of data has been received.

1111

Disable Power Down Mode. This command restarts the

oscillator. After invoking this command, wait for the os-

cillator to start up before writing further commands to

the CR.

0101

0110

Reset break change interrupt. Causes the break detect

change bit in the interrupt status register (ISR[2]) to be

cleared to zero

CR[3]—Disable Transmitter

This command terminates transmitter operation and reset the

TxRDY and TxEMT status bits. However, if a character is being

transmitted or if a character is in the TxFIFO when the transmitter is

disabled, the transmission of the character(s) is completed before

assuming the inactive state.

Start break. Forces the TxD output Low (spacing). If the

transmitter is empty the start of the break condition will

be delayed up to two bit times. If the transmitter is ac-

tive the break begins when transmission of the charac-

ter is completed. If a character is in the TxFIFO, the

start of the break will be delayed until that character, or

any other loaded subsequently are transmitted. The

transmitter must be enabled for this command to be

accepted.

CR[2]—Enable Transmitter

Enables operation of the transmitter. The TxRDY and TxEMT status

bits will be asserted if the transmitter is idle.

0111

Stop break. The TxD line will go High (marking) within

two bit times. TxD will remain High for one bit time be-

fore the next character, if any, is transmitted.

CR[1]—Disable Receiver

This command terminates operation of the receiver immediately—a

character being received will be lost. The command has no effect on

the receiver status bits or any other control registers. If the special

multi-drop mode is programmed, the receiver operates even if it is

disabled. See Operation section.

1000

1001

1010

Assert RTSN. Causes the RTSN output to be asserted

(Low).

Negate RTSN. Causes the RTSN output to be negated

(High)

Set Timeout Mode On. The receiver in this channel will

restart the C/T as the receive character is transferred

from the shift register to the RxFIFO. The C/T is placed

in the counter mode, the START/STOP counter com-

mands are disabled, the counter is stopped, and the

Counter Ready Bit, ISR[3], is reset. (See also Watch-

dog timer description in the receiver section.)

CR[0]—Enable Receiver

Enables operation of the receiver. If not in the special wakeup mode,

this also forces the receiver into the search for start–bit state.

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

SR Status Register

Addr

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BIT 0

RECEIVED

BREAK

FRAMING

ERROR

PARITY

ERROR

OVERRUN

ERROR

TxEMT

TxRDY

FFULL

RxRDY

0x01

0 = No

1 = Yes

1. These status bits are appended to the corresponding data character in the receive FIFO. A read of the status provides these bits [7:5] from

the top of the FIFO together with bits [4:0]. These bits are cleared by a “reset error status” command. In character mode they are discarded

when the corresponding data character is read from the FIFO. In block error mode, the error–reset command (command 4x or receiver

reset) must used to clear block error conditions.

SR[7]— Received Break

This bit indicates that an all zero character of the programmed

length has been received without a stop bit. Only a single FIFO

position is occupied when a break is received: further entries to the

FIFO are inhibited until the RxD line returns to the marking state for

at least one-half a bit time two successive edges of the internal or

external 1X clock. This will usually require a high time of one X1

clock period or 3 X1 edges since the clock of the controller is

not synchronous to the X1 clock.

This bit is cleared by a ‘reset error status’ command.

SR[3]— Transmitter Empty (TxEMT)

This bit will be set when the transmitter under runs, i.e., both the

TxEMT and TxRDY bits are set. This bit and TxRDY are set when

the transmitter is first enabled and at any time it is re-enabled after

either (a) reset, or (b) the transmitter has assumed the disabled

state. It is always set after transmission of the last stop bit of a

character if no character is in the THR awaiting transmission.

When this bit is set, the ‘change in break’ bit in the ISR (ISR[2]) is

set. ISR[2] is also set when the end of the break condition, as

defined above, is detected.

It is reset when the THR is loaded by the CPU, a pending

transmitter disable is executed, the transmitter is reset, or the

transmitter is disabled while in the under run condition.

The break detect circuitry can detect breaks that originate in the

middle of a received character. However, if a break begins in the

middle of a character, it must persist until at least the end of the next

character time in order for it to be detected.

SR[2]— Transmitter Ready (TxRDY)

This bit, when set, indicates that the transmit FIFO is not full and

ready to be loaded with another character. This bit is cleared when

the transmit FIFO is loaded by the CPU and there are (after this

load) no more empty locations in the FIFO. It is set when a

character is transferred to the transmit shift register. TxRDY is reset

when the transmitter is disabled and is set when the transmitter is

first enabled. Characters loaded to the TxFIFO while this bit is 0 will

be lost. This bit has different meaning from ISR[0].

This bit is reset by command 4 (0100) written to the command

SR[6]— Framing Error

This bit, when set, indicates that a stop bit was not detected (not a

logical 1) when the corresponding data character in the FIFO was

received. The stop bit check is made in the middle of the first stop bit

position.

SR[1]— FIFO Full (FFULL)

This bit is set when a character is transferred from the receive shift

become full, i.e., all eight (or 16) FIFO positions are occupied. It is

reset when the CPU reads the receive FIFO. If a character is waiting

in the receive shift register because the FIFO is full, FFULL will not

be reset when the CPU reads the receive FIFO. This bit has

different meaning from IRS when MR1 6 is programmed to a ‘1’.

SR[5]— Parity Error

This bit is set when the ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ mode is

programmed and the corresponding character in the FIFO was

received with incorrect parity.

In the special multi-drop mode the parity error bit stores the receive

A/D (Address/Data) bit.

SR[0]— Receiver Ready (RxRDY)

SR[4]— Overrun Error

This bit indicates that a character has been received and is waiting

in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set when the character is

transferred from the receive shift register to the FIFO and reset

when the CPU reads the receive FIFO, only if (after this read) there

are no more characters in the FIFO – the Rx FIFO becomes empty.

This bit, when set, indicates that one or more characters in the

received data stream have been lost. It is set upon receipt of a new

character when the FIFO is full and a character is already in the

receive shift register waiting for an empty FIFO position. When this

occurs, the character in the receive shift register (and its break

detect, parity error and framing error status, if any) is lost.

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

OPCR Output Port Configuration Register

Addr

OPCR

0x0D

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

OP5

BIT 4

OP4

BIT 3

OP3

BIT 2

OP2

BIT 1

OP1

BIT 0

OP0

OP7

OP6

0 = OPR[7]

1 = Reserved 1 = TxRDY

0 = OPR[6]

0 = OPR[5]

1 = Reserved

0 = OPR[4]

1 = RxRDY/FFULL

00 = OPR[3]

00 = OPR[2]

01 = TxC(16X)

10 = TxC(1X)

11 = RxC(1X)

01 = C/T OUTPUT

10 = Reserved

11 = Reserved

OPCR[7]—OP7 Output Select

This bit programs the OP7 output to provide one of the following:

OPCR[3:2]—OP3 Output Select

This bit programs the OP3 output to provide one of the following:

The complement of OPR[7].

reserved

00 The complement of OPR[3].

01 The counter/timer output, in which case OP3 acts as an

open-drain output. In the timer mode, this output is a square

wave at the programmed frequency. In the counter mode,

the output remains High until terminal count is reached, at

which time it goes Low. The output returns to the High state

when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command.

Note that this output is not masked by the contents of the

IMR.

OPCR[6]—OP6 Output Select

This bit programs the OP6 output to provide one of the following:

The complement of OPR[6].

The transmitter interrupt output which is the complement of

ISR[0]. When in this mode OP6 acts as an open-drain out-

put. Note that this output is not masked by the contents of

the IMR.

10 Reserved

11 Reserved

OPCR[5]—OP5 Output Select

This bit programs the OP5 output to provide one of the following:

OPCR[1:0]—OP2 Output Select

This field programs the OP2 output to provide one of the following:

The complement of OPR[5].

Reserved

00 The complement of OPR[2].

01 The 16X clock for the transmitter. This is the clock selected

by CSR[3:0], and will be a 1X clock if CSR[3:0] = 1111.

OPCR[4]—OP4 Output Select

10 The 1X clock for the transmitter, which is the clock that shifts

the transmitted data. If data is not being transmitted, a free

running 1X clock is output.

This field programs the OP4 output to provide one of the following:

The complement of OPR[4].

The receiver interrupt output which is the complement of

ISR[1]. When in this mode OP4 acts as an open-drain out-

put. Note that this output is not masked by the contents of

the IMR.

11 The 1X clock for the receiver, which is the clock that samples

the received data. If data is not being received, a free run-

ning 1X clock is output.

SOPR—Set the Output Port Bits (OPR)

SOPR[7:0]—Ones in the byte written to this register will cause the corresponding bit positions in the OPR to set to 1. Zeros have no effect. This

allows software to set individual bits with our keeping a copy of the OPR bit configuration.

Addr

SOPR

0x0E

Bit 7

OP 7

BIT 6

OP 6

BIT 5

OP 5

BIT 4

OP 4

BIT 3

OP 3

BIT 2

OP 2

BIT 1

OP 1

BIT 0

OP 0

1 = set bit

0 = no change

ROPR—Reset Output Port Bits (OPR)

ROPR[7:0]—Ones in the byte written to the ROPR will cause the corresponding bit positions in the OPR to set to 0. Zeros have no effect. This

allows software to reset individual bits with our keeping a copy of the OPR bit configuration.

Addr

ROPR

0x0F

Bit 7

OP 7

BIT 6

OP 6

BIT 5

OP 5

BIT 4

OP 4

BIT 3

OP 3

BIT 2

OP 2

BIT 1

OP 1

BIT 0

OP 0

1 = reset bit

0 = no change

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

OPR Output Port Register

The output pins (OP pins) drive the compliment of the data in this register as controlled by SOPR and ROPR.

Addr

N/A

Bit 7

OP 7

BIT 6

OP 6

BIT 5

OP 5

BIT 4

OP 4

BIT 3

OP 3

BIT 2

OP 2

BIT 1

OP 1

BIT 0

OP 0

N/A

0 = Pin High 0 = Pin High

1 = Pin Low 1 = Pin Low

0 = Pin High

1 = Pin Low

0 = Pin High

1 = Pin Low

0 = Pin High

1 = Pin Low

0 = Pin High

1 = Pin Low

0 = Pin High

1 = Pin Low

0 = Pin High

1 = Pin Low

ACR Auxiliary Control Register

Addr

ACR

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BIT 0

BRG SET

Select

Counter Timer Mode

Mode and clock sour select

Delta IP3 int Delta IP3 int Delta IP3 int Delta IP3 int

enable

0x04

0 = set 1

1 = set 2

See table 7

0 = off

1 = enabled

0 = off

1 = enabled

0 = off

1 = enabled

0 = off

1 = enabled

ACR—Auxiliary Control Register

ACR[7]—Baud Rate Generator Set Select

This bit selects one of two sets of baud rates to be generated by the

BRG (see Table 5).

Table 7. ACR 6:4 field definition

ACR

6:4

MODE

CLOCK SOURCE

The selected set of rates is available for use by the receiver and

transmitter as described in CSR. Baud rate generator characteristics

are given in Table 6.

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

Counter

External (IP2)

TxC – 1X clock of transmitter

reserved

ACR[6:4]—Counter/Timer Mode And Clock Source Select

This field selects the operating mode of the counter/timer and its

clock source as shown in Table 7

Counter

Timer

Crystal or X1/CLK clock divided by 16

External (IP2)

External (IP2) divided by 16

Crystal or external clock (X1/CLK)

ACR[3:0]—IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State Interrupt Enable

This field selects which bits of the input port change register (IPCR)

cause the input change bit in the interrupt status register (ISR [7]) to

be set. If a bit is in the ‘on’ state the setting of the corresponding bit

in the IPCR will also result in the setting of ISR [7], which results in

the generation of an interrupt output if IMR [7] = 1. If a bit is in the

‘off’ state, the setting of that bit in the IPCR has no effect on ISR [7].

Crystal or external clock (X1/CLK) divided

by 16

NOTE:

1. The timer mode generates a square wave

IPCR Input Port change Register

Addr

IPCR

0x04

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

IP 3

BIT 2

IP 2

BIT 1

IP 1

BIT 0

IP 0

Delta IP3

0 = no change 0 = no change 0 = no change 0 = no change 0 = low

1 = change 1 = change 1 = change 1 = change 1 = High

0 = low

1 = High

IPCR[7:4]—IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State

These bits are set when a change-of-state, as defined in the input

port section of this data sheet, occurs at the respective input pins.

They are cleared when the IPCR is read by the CPU. A read of the

IPCR also clears ISR [7], the input change bit in the interrupt status

an interrupt to the CPU.

IPCR[3:0]—IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State

These bits provide the current state of the respective inputs. The

information is unlatched and reflects the state of the input pins at the

time the IPCR is read.

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of the bit in the ISR

has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the IMR does not mask

the reading of the ISR – the true status will be provided regardless

of the contents of the IMR. The contents of this register are

initialized to 0x00’ when the UART is reset.

ISR—Interrupt Status Register

This register provides the status of all potential interrupt sources.

The contents of this register are masked by the Interrupt Mask

the IMR is also a ‘1’, the INTRN output will be asserted (Low). If the

ISR Interrupt Status Register

Addr

ISR

Bit 7

Bits[6:4]

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BIT 0

INPUT PORT

CHANGE

Ignore in ISR reads.

Reserved for future function

Counter

Ready

Delta

Break

RxRDY/

FFULL

TxRDY

0x05

0 = not active

1 = active

0 = not active 0 = not active 0 = not active 0 = not active

1 = active

ISR[7]—Input Port Change Status

ISR[1]—Rx Interrupt

This bit is a ‘1’ when a change–of–state has occurred at the IP0,

IP1, IP2, or IP3 inputs and that event has been selected to cause an

interrupt by the programming of ACR[3:0]. The bit is cleared when

the CPU reads the IPCR.

This bit indicates that the receiver is interrupting according to the fill

level programmed by the MR0 and MR1 registers. This bit has a

different meaning than the receiver ready/full bit in the status

ISR[6:4]—Not used, Ignore in ISR read.

ISR[0]—Tx Interrupt

This bit indicates that the transmitter is interrupting according to the

interrupt level programmed in the MR0[5:4] bits. This bit has a

different meaning than the TxRDY bit in the status register.

ISR[3]—Counter Ready.

In the counter mode, this bit is set when the counter reaches

terminal count and is reset when the counter is stopped by a stop

counter command.

IMR—Interrupt Mask Register

The programming of this register selects which bits in the ISR

causes an interrupt output. If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the

corresponding bit in the IMR is also a ‘1’ the INTRN output will be

asserted. If the corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of

the bit in the ISR has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the

IMR does not mask the programmable interrupt outputs OP3–OP7

or the reading of the ISR.

In the timer mode, this bit is set once the cycle of the generated

square wave (every other time that the counter/timer reaches zero

count). The bit is reset by a stop counter command. The command,

however, does not stop the counter/timer.

ISR[2]— Change in Break

This bit, when set, indicates that the receiver has detected the

beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset when the CPU

issues a ‘reset break change interrupt’ command.

IMR Interrupt Mask Register

Addr

IMR

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BIT 0

INPUT PORT

CHANGE

Reserved

Counter

Ready

Delta

Break

RxRDY/

FFULL

TxRDY

0x05

0 = not enabled Set to 0

1 = enabled

Set to 0

0 = not enabled 0 = not enabled 0 = not enabled 0 = not enabled

1 = enabled

IVR/GP– Interrupt Vector Register (68k mode) or General–purpose register (80XXX mode)

IVR/GP

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BIT 0

0x0C

Interrupt Vector Register (68XXX mode) or General–purpose register (80XXX mode)

This register stores the Interrupt Vector. It is initialized to 0x0F on

hardware reset and is usually changed from this value during

initialization of the SC28L91 for the 68K Mode. The contents of this

or a read of address 0xC is performed.

When not operating in the 68XXX mode, this register may be used

as a general-purpose one-byte storage register. A convenient use

may the storing a “shadow” of the contents of another SC28L91

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

CTPU and CTPL – Counter/Timer Registers

CTPU Counter Timer Preset Upper

CTPU

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

BIT 2

BIT 1

BIT 0

0x06

The lower eight (8) bits for the 16 bit counter timer preset register

CTPL Counter –Timer Preset Low

CTPL

Bit 7

BIT 6

BIT 5

BIT 4

BIT 3

0x07

The Upper eight (8) bits for the 16 bit counter timer preset register

The CTPU and CTPL hold the eight MSbs and eight Labs,

respectively, of the value to be used by the counter/timer in either

the counter or timer modes of operation. The minimum value which

may be loaded into the CTPU/CTPL registers is H‘0002’. Note that

these registers are write-only and cannot be read by the CPU.

counter are read. However, note that a subsequent start counter

command will cause the counter to begin a new count cycle using

the values in CTPU and CTPL.

When the C/T clock divided by 16 is selected, the maximum divisor

becomes 1,048,575.

In the timer mode, the C/T generates a square wave whose period is

twice the value (in C/T clock periods) of the CTPU and CTPL. The

waveform so generated is often used for a data clock. The formula

for calculating the divisor n to load to the CTPU and CTPL for a

particular 1X data clock is shown below.

Output Port Notes

The output ports are controlled from four places: the OPCR register,

the OPR register, the MR registers and the command register

(except the 2681 and 68681) The OPCR register controls the source

of the data for the output ports OP2 through OP7. The data source

for output ports OP0 and OP1 is controlled by the MR and CR

registers. When the OPR is the source of the data for the output

ports, the data at the ports is inverted from that in the OPR register.

n = (C/T Clock Frequency) divided by (2 x 16 x Baud rate desired)

Often this division will result in a non-integer number; 26.3, for

example. One can only program integer numbers in a digital divider.

Therefore 26 would be chosen. This gives a baud rate error of

0.3/26.3 which is 1.14%; well within the ability asynchronous mode

of operation.

The content of the OPR register is controlled by the “Set Output Port

Bits Command” and the “Reset Output Bits Command”. These

commands are at E and F, respectively. When these commands are

used, action takes place only at the bit locations where ones exist.

For example, a one in bit location 5 of the data word used with the

“Set Output Port Bits” command will result in OPR[5] being set to

one. The OP5 would then be set to zero (V SS ). Similarly, a one in

bit position 5 of the data word associated with the “Reset Output

Ports Bits” command would set OPR[5] to zero and, hence, the pin

The C/T will not be running until it receives an initial ‘Start Counter’

command (read at address A3–A0 = 1110). After this, while in timer

mode, the C/T will run continuously. Receipt of a start counter

command (read with A3–A0 = 1110) causes the counter to terminate

the current timing cycle and to begin a new cycle using the values in

CTPU and CTPL. If the value in CTPU and CTPL is changed, the

current half-period will not be affected, but subsequent half periods

will be affected.

OP5 to a one (V ).

The CTS, RTS, CTS Enable Tx signals

The counter ready status bit (ISR[3]) is set once each cycle of the

square wave. The bit is reset by a stop counter command (read with

A3–A0 = 0xF). The command however, does not stop the C/T. The

generated square wave is output on OP3 if it is programmed to be

the C/T output. In the counter mode, the value C/T loaded into

CTPU and CTPL by the CPU is counted down to 0. Counting begins

upon receipt of a start counter command. Upon reaching terminal

count 0x0000, the counter ready interrupt bit (ISR[3]) is set. The

counter continues counting past the terminal count until stopped by

the CPU. If OP3 is programmed to be the output of the C/T, the

output remains high until terminal count is reached, at which time it

goes low. The output returns to the High state and ISR[3] is cleared

when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command. The CPU

may change the values of CTPU and CTPL at any time, but the new

count becomes effective only on the next start counter commands. If

new values have not been loaded, the previous count values are

preserved and used for the next count cycle.

CTS (Clear To Send) is usually meant to be a signal to the

transmitter meaning that it may transmit data to the receiver. The

CTS input is on pin IP0 for Tx. The CTS signal is active low; thus, it

is called CTSN for TxRTS is usually meant to be a signal from the

receiver indicating that the receiver is ready to receive data. It is

also active low and is, thus, called RTSN for Rx. RTSN is on pin

OP0. A receiver’s RTS output will usually be connected to the CTS

input of the associated transmitter. Therefore, one could say that

RTS and CTS are different ends of the same wire!

MR2[4] is the bit that allows the transmitter to be controlled by the

CTS pin (IP0 or IP1). When this bit is set to one AND the CTS input

is driven high, the transmitter will stop sending data at the end of the

present character being serialized. It is usually the RTS output of the

receiver that will be connected to the transmitter’s CTS input. The

receiver will set RTS high when the receiver FIFO is full AND the

start bit of the ninth or 17th character is sensed. Transmission then

stops with nine or 17 valid characters in the receiver. When MR2[4]

is set to one, CTSN must be at zero for the transmitter to operate. If

MR2[4] is set to zero, the IP pin will have no effect on the operation

of the transmitter. MR1[7] is the bit that allows the receiver to control

OP0. When OP0 (or OP1) is controlled by the receiver, the meaning

of that pin will be.

In the counter mode, the current value of the upper and lower 8 bits

of the counter (CTU, CTL) may be read by the CPU. It is

recommended that the counter be stopped when reading to prevent

potential problems which may occur if a carry from the lower 8 bits

to the upper 8 bits occurs between the times that both halves of the

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

RESETN

RES

80XXX Mode

68XXX Mode

SD00696

Figure 4. Reset Timing

A0–A3

CEN

RWD

RDN

NOT

VALID

D0–D7

(READ)

FLOAT

VALID

FLOAT

RWD

WDN

D0–D7

(WRITE)

VALID

SD00087

NOTE:

Bus action in the 80XXX mode terminates on the rise of CEN, WRN, or RDN which ever one occurs first.

Figure 5. Bus Timing (80XXX mode)

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

CSC

X1/CLK

A1–A4

RWN

RWD

CSN

NOT

VALID

D0–D7

DATA VALID

DTACKN

DAH

DCR

DAT

NOTE: DACKN low requires two rising edges of X1 clock after CSN is low.

SD00687

Figure 6. Bus Timing (Read Cycle) (68XXX mode)

CSC

X1/CLK

A1–A4

RWN

RWD

CSN

D0–D7

DTACKN

DAH

DCW

DAT

NOTE: DACKN low requires two rising edges of X1 clock after CSN is low.

SD00688

Figure 7. Bus Timing (Write Cycle) (68XXX mode)

NOTE:

For Figures 6 and 7 WRN changing within the time of CEN low may cause short read or write pulses that could upset internal pointers and

registers. Bus action terminates on the rise of CEN or the fall of DACKN, which ever occurs first.

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

CSC

X1/CLK

INTRN

IACKN

D0–D7

CSD

DAL

DTACKN

DCR

DAH

DAT

NOTE: DACKN low requires two rising edges of X1 clock after CSN is low.

SD00149

Figure 8. Interrupt Cycle Timing (68XXX mode)

RDN

IP0–IP6

(a) INPUT PINS

WRN

OP0–OP7

OLD DATA

NEW DATA

(b) OUTPUT PINS

SD00135

Figure 9. Port Timing

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

WRN

INTERRUPT

+0.5V

OUTPUT

RDN

INTERRUPT

+0.5V

OUTPUT

NOTES:

1. INTRN or OP3-OP7 when used as interrupt outputs.

2. The test for open-drain outputs is intended to guarantee switching of the output transistor. Measurement of this response is referenced from the midpoint of the switching

signal, V , to a point 0.5V above V . This point represents noise margin that assures true switching has occurred. Beyond this level, the effects of external circuitry and

test environment are pronounced and can greatly affect the resultant measurement.

SD00136

Figure 10. Interrupt Timing (80xxx mode)

CLK

CTC

NOTE:

RESISTOR REQUIRED

FOR TTL INPUT.

470Ω

X1/CLK

CTCLK

RxC

CLK

TxC

CLK

CTC

X2*

*NOTE: X2 MUST BE LEFT OPEN.

SC28L91

3pF

PARASITIC CAPACITANCE

2pF

50kΩ

100kΩ

4pF

TO UART

CIRCUIT

3.6864MHz

3pF

PARASITIC CAPACITANCE

C1 = C2 ∼ 24pF FOR C = 20pF

C1 and C2 should be chosen according to the crystal manufacturer’s specification.

C1 and C2 values will include any parasitic capacitance of the wiring and X1 X2 pins.

Gain at 3.6864MHz: 9 to 13 dB

Package capacitance approximately 4pF.

SD00704

Figure 11. Clock Timing

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

1 BIT TIME

(1 OR 16 CLOCKS)

TxC

(INPUT)

TXD

TxD

TCS

TxC

(1X OUTPUT)

SD00138

Figure 12. Transmitter External Clocks

RxC

(1X INPUT)

RXH

RXS

RxD

SD00139

Figure 13. Receiver External Clock

TxD

BREAK

TRANSMITTER

ENABLED

TxRDY

(SR2)

WRN

START

BREAK

D10

STOP

BREAK

D11 WILL

NOT BE

D12

WRITTEN TO

THE TxFIFO

CTSN

(IP0)

RTSN

(OP0)

OPR(0) = 1

NOTES:

1. Timing shown for MR2[4] = 1.

2. Timing shown for MR2[5] = 1.

SD00155

Figure 14. Transmitter Timing

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

D10

D11

D12

D13

RxD

D12, D13 WILL BE LOST

DUE TO RECEIVER DISABLE.

RECEIVER

ENABLED

RxRDY

(SR0)

FFULL

(SR1)

RxRDY/

FFULL

(OP5)

RDN

STATUS DATA

STATUS DATA STATUS DATA STATUS DATA

D11 WILL BE LOST

DUE TO OVERRUN

D10

OVERRUN

(SR4)

RESET BY COMMAND

RTS

(OP0)

OPR[0] = 1

NOTES:

1. Timing shown for MR1[7] = 1.

2. Shown for OPCR[4] = 1 and MR[6] = 0.

SD00156

Figure 15. Receiver Timing

MASTER STATION

TxD

BIT 9

ADD#1

ADD#2

TRANSMITTER

ENABLED

TxRDY

(SR2)

WRN

MR1[4:3] = 11

MR1[2] = 1

ADD#1 MR1[2] = 0 D0

MR1[2] = 1 ADD#2

PERIPHERAL STATION

BIT 9

ADD#1

ADD#2

RxD

RECEIVER

ENABLED

RxRDY

(SR0)

RDN/WRN

MR1[4:3] = 11

ADD#1

STATUS DATA

ADD#2

SD00096

Figure 16. Wake-Up Mode

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

I = 2.4mA

INTRN

DACKN

+5V

125pF

I = 2.4mA V return to V for a 0 level

I = 400µA V

return to V for a 1 level

D0–D7

TxDA/B

OP0–OP7

125pF

SD00690

Figure 17. Test Conditions on Outputs

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

PLCC44: plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads

SOT187-2

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

QFP44: plastic quad flat package; 44 leads (lead length 1.3 mm); body 10 x 10 x 1.75 mm

SOT307-2

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2004 Oct 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

REVISION HISTORY

Rev

Date

Description

20041021

Product data (9397 750 13124). Supersedes Product specification of 2000 Sep 22 (9397 750 07549).

Modifications:

• AC electrical characteristics (5 V) table:

– t

(min.) changed from “15 ns” to “17 ns”.

(max.) changed from “20 ns” to “35 ns”.

(min.) changed from “10 ns” to “16 ns”.

RWD

DCR

DCW

CSC

• AC electrical characteristics (3.3 V) table:

– t (min.) changed from “25 ns” to “33 ns”.

– t (min.) changed from “25 ns” to “43 ns”.

– t

(min.) changed from “20 ns” to “27 ns”.

RWD

– t (max.) changed from “70 ns” to “75 ns”.

– t

(max.) changed from “60 ns” to “79 ns”.

(min.) changed from “30 ns” to “35 ns”.

(max.) changed from “60 ns” to “78 ns”.

IRH

CLK

TXD

DCR

DCW

CSC

(max.) changed from “25 ns” to “57 ns”.

(min.) changed from “15 ns” to “30 ns”.

20000922

Product specification (9397 750 07549). ECN 853-2219 24638 of 22 September 2000.

Supersedes data of 2000 Apr 03.

2004 Oct 21

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Philips Semiconductors

Product data sheet

3.3 V or 5.0 V Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter (UART)

SC28L91

Data sheet status

Product

status

Definitions

[1]

Level

Data sheet status

[2] [3]

Objective data sheet

Development

This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development.

Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice.

Preliminary data sheet

Product data sheet

Qualification

Production

This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be published

at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without notice, in

order to improve the design and supply the best possible product.

III

This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the

right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Relevant

changes will be communicated via a Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN).

[1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design.

[2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL

http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.

[3] For data sheets describing multiple type numbers, the highest-level product status determines the data sheet status.

Definitions

Short-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see

the relevant data sheet or data handbook.

Limitingvaluesdefinition— Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting

values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given

in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no

representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification.

Disclaimers

Life support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be

expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree

to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.

Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes in the products—including circuits, standard cells, and/or software—described

or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. When the product is in full production (status ‘Production’), relevant changes will be communicated

viaaCustomerProduct/ProcessChangeNotification(CPCN).PhilipsSemiconductorsassumesnoresponsibilityorliabilityfortheuseofanyoftheseproducts,conveys

nolicenseortitleunderanypatent, copyright, ormaskworkrighttotheseproducts, andmakesnorepresentationsorwarrantiesthattheseproductsarefreefrompatent,

Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2004

Contact information

For additional information please visit

http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.

Fax: +31 40 27 24825

Date of release: 10-04

9397 750 13124

For sales offices addresses send e-mail to:

[email protected].

Document order number:

Philips

Semiconductors

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2004 Oct 21

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