Freescale Semiconductor Computer Hardware S08 User Manual
LED Lighting Control Using the  
MC9S08AW60  
Designer Reference Manual  
S08  
Microcontrollers  
DRM093  
Rev. 1  
07/2007  
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LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60  
Designer Reference Manual  
by: Dennis Lui, Ernest Chan  
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.  
Hong Kong  
To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web is the  
most current. Your printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information  
available, refer to:  
http://www.freescale.com  
The following revision history table summarizes changes contained in this document. For your  
convenience, the page number designators have been linked to the appropriate location.  
Revision History  
Revision  
Level  
Page  
Number(s)  
Date  
Description  
03/2006  
07/2007  
0
1
Initial release  
N/A  
N/A  
Overall edits for grammar, spelling, structure, and style.  
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Table of Contents  
Chapter 1  
Introduction  
1.1  
1.2  
1.3  
1.4  
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
MC9S08AW60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
Chapter 2  
Hardware Description  
2.1  
2.2  
2.3  
2.4  
2.5  
2.6  
2.7  
2.8  
2.9  
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
DEMO9S08AW60LED Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
DEMO9S08AW60LED Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
Development Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
Reset Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
RS-232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
User Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
2.9.1 Pushbutton Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
2.9.2 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
2.9.3 ADC Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
2.9.4 Other I/O Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
LED Driving Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  
LED Driver Design Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19  
2.11.1 RGB LED Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19  
2.11.2 Current Sense Resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  
2.11.3 Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  
Chapter 3  
2.10  
2.11  
Firmware Description  
3.1  
3.2  
3.3  
3.4  
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  
PC Control Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  
Standalone Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26  
Firmware Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
Chapter 4  
Demo Setup  
4.1  
4.2  
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
Hardware and Software Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
4.2.1 Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
4.2.2 PC Software Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
Demo Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
4.3  
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Table of Contents  
4.3.1 Demo 1 - Demonstration Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
4.3.2 Demo 2 - Preset Colors Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
4.3.3 Demo 3 - Auto White Balance Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
4.3.4 Demo 4 - PWM Output Frequency Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
4.3.5 Demo 5 - Full Manual Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
Program the MCU Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33  
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33  
Appendix A  
4.4  
4.5  
Schematics  
Appendix B  
Bill of Materials  
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Chapter 1  
Introduction  
1.1 Introduction  
This manual describes a reference design of a multi-color LED lighting control solution by using the  
MC9S08AW60 Microcontroller.  
Using a microcontroller (MCU) to control the red/green/blue (RGB) color LEDs increases system flexibility  
and functionality for the next generation of lighting applications, architectural/entertainment lighting or  
LCD backlighting, that require a smart and adaptive control methodology to ensure optimized color space  
rendering for various display contents, excellent color contrast for realistic display scene and a consistent  
color setting in manufacturing. In many cases, these new applications are controlled by a central control  
unit that requires a connectivity interface that can be implemented at a low cost using MCU-based lighting  
controller.  
A compact light-box with more than a million display colors is implemented to demonstrate the  
advantages of using MCU to control RGB color LEDs with different luminosity settings. The average  
current through each color LED is controlled by an individual PWM signal generated from MCU and the  
LED luminosity is almost in linear relationship with the pulse width of the driving PWM signal. The final  
display color is determined on the mix of light emitted by RGB LEDs, so one of the simple methods to set  
the light source in different color is changing the RGB PWM duty cycles equal to the corresponding mixing  
ratio required for a particular color. In addition, a serial control protocol with user interface is also  
developed as a communication link to control and monitor system parameters through a personal  
computer.  
All hardware schematic diagrams and firmware source codes are available as reference materials.  
1.2 Features  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Apply for architectural/entertainment lighting or LCD backlighting applications  
Exceptional color mixing  
Pre-set or dynamic RGB colors  
High resolution on dimming control  
Automatic white balance tracking on dimming  
Flexible connectivity interface  
User friendly control menu  
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Introduction  
1.3 System Overview  
A block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 1-1.  
Power Supply & Regulator  
DC/DC  
Converter  
AW60  
RGB  
PWM  
Red LEDs  
Button Switch  
Detection  
KBI  
SCI  
PWM  
ADC  
Green LEDs  
Blue LEDs  
To PC  
RS232  
Interface  
I/O Control  
GPIO Port  
Figure 1-1 . System Block Diagram  
1.4 MC9S08AW60  
The MC9S08AW60, MC9S08AW48, MC9S08AW32, and MC9S08AW16 are members of the low-cost,  
high-performance HCS08 family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). All MCUs in the family use the  
enhanced HCS08 core and are available with a variety of modules, memory sizes, memory types, and  
package types. Refer to Table 1-1 for memory sizes and package types.  
Table 1-2 summarizes the peripheral availability per package type for the devices available in the  
MC9S08AW60/48/32/16 series.  
Table 1-1. Devices in the MC9S08AW60/48/32/16 Series  
Device  
Flash  
63,280  
49,152  
32,768  
16,384  
RAM  
2048  
1024  
Package  
MC9S08AW60  
MC9S08AW48  
MC9S08AW32  
MC9S08AW16  
64 QFP  
64 LQFP  
48 QFN  
44 LQFP  
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MC9S08AW60  
Table 1-2. Peripherals Available per Package Type  
Package Options  
Feature  
ADC  
64-Pin  
16-CH  
Yes  
48-Pin  
8-CH  
Yes  
Yes  
7
44-Pin  
8-CH  
Yes  
Yes  
6
IIC  
IRQ  
Yes  
KBI1  
8
SCI1  
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
4-CH  
No  
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
4-CH  
No  
SCI2  
Yes  
SPI1  
Yes  
TPM1  
TPM1CLK  
TPM2  
TPM2CLK  
I/O Pins  
6-CH  
Yes  
2-CH  
Yes  
2-CH  
No  
2-CH  
No  
54  
38  
34  
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Introduction  
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Chapter 2  
Hardware Description  
2.1 Introduction  
The system consists of a MCU control board and a LED driving board. The MCU control board,  
DEMO9S08AW60LED, is one of the demonstration boards for the Freescale MC9S08AW60. This board  
allows easier developmet of code for LED control applications, architectural/entertainment lighting or LCD  
backlighting. The on-board serial interface allows you to control and monitor the system status via the  
RS232 serial port connection. The separated LED light-box with driving circuitries is also available as a  
whole demo kit to demonstrate how to do the color mixing and see the visual effects on changing different  
type of parameter settings.  
RGB LED Driving Board  
Figure 2-1. Light-Box Demo  
AW60 Control Board  
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Hardware Description  
2.2 DEMO9S08AW60LED Features  
•
MC9S08AW60 CPU  
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
44 pin LQFP package  
20 MHz Internal Bus Frequency  
60 Kbytes of on-chip in-circuit programmable FLASH  
2 Kbytes of on-chip RAM  
8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter  
Two SCI modules  
SPI module  
I2C module  
6-pin keyboard interrupt (KBI) module  
34 general-purpose input/output (I/O) pins  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
External power jack for DC power supply (+12 VDC)  
Four pushbutton user switches  
Four LEDs connected to I/O port  
Master reset switch  
RGB PWM output port  
Optical sensor input port  
On-board RS-232 serial port  
100mm x 80mm board size  
2.3 DEMO9S08AW60LED Layout  
Figure 2-2. DEMO9S08AW60LED Top Side  
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Development Support  
2.4 Development Support  
Application development and debug for the MC9S08AW60 is supported through a 6-pin BDM header  
(CON8). The pinout is as follows:  
Table 2-1. BDM Connector (CON8) Pinout  
BKGD  
NC  
1
3
5
2
4
6
GND  
RESET  
NC  
V
DD  
2.5 Power  
The DEMO9S08AW60LED is powered externally through the barrel connector CON2. This connector is  
a 2.5 mm, center positive connector. Voltage supplied through this connector should be positive 12 volts  
DC. This is also the supply voltage for the LED light box.  
The DEMO9S08AW60LED can be run with VDD set to 5 or 3 volts. To run the board at 3V, move jumper  
JP1 to the 1-2, 3V position.  
LED D5 turns green to let you know that power has been correctly applied to the board.  
2.6 Reset Switch  
The reset switch (SW5) provides a way to apply a reset to the MCU. The reset switch is connected directly  
to the RESET signal of the MCU. A 10 kΩ pullup resistor to VDD on the RESET signal allows for normal  
operation. When the reset switch is pressed, the RESET signal is grounded and the MCU recognizes a  
reset.  
2.7 Clock Source  
An on-board 16 MHz crystal (X1) is connected between the XTAL and EXTAL pins of the MCU. This offers  
flexibility on clock source selection. Refer to the MC9S08AW60 data sheet for details on how to use the  
internal clock generation (ICG) module to generate the system clocks for the MCU.  
2.8 RS-232  
An RS-232 translator provides RS-232 communication on COM connector P2. This connector is a 9-pin  
Dsub right angle connector. TXD and RXD signals are routed from the MCU to the RS-232 transceiver.  
Table 2-2 . RS-232 Connections  
MCU Port  
PTE0/TXD1  
PTE1/RXD1  
COM Signal  
TXD OUT  
RXD IN  
I/O Port Connector  
P2-2  
P2-3  
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Hardware Description  
2.9 User Options  
The DEMO9S08AW60LED includes various input and output devices to assist in application  
development. These devices include four pushbutton switches, four LEDs, and an operational amplifier  
with RC filter connected at each ADC input channel for signal amplification and filtering.  
2.9.1 Pushbutton Switches  
Four pushbutton switches provide momentary active low input for user applications. The table below  
describes the pushbutton switch connections.  
Table 2-3. Pushbutton Switches (SW1-SW4) Connections  
Switch  
SW1  
SW2  
SW3  
SW4  
MCU Port  
PTG0/KBI0  
PTG1/KBI1  
PTG2/KBI2  
PTG3/KBI3  
2.9.2 LED Indicators  
Four green LED indicators (D1-D4) are provided to assist during code development. The LEDs are active  
low and illuminated when a logic low signal is driven from the MCU port pin. Two of the LEDs are  
connected to port A, and the other two are connected to Port C. The connections are described below:  
Table 2-4. LEDs (D1-D4) Connections  
LED  
D1  
MCU Port  
PTA0  
D2  
PTA1  
D3  
PTC2  
D4  
PTC4  
2.9.3 ADC Interface  
Eight operational amplifiers are provided to assist users in developing applications with feedback control  
signals. For examples, the signal generated by an optical sensor in LED backlight system should be  
scaled to a level matched with the ADC input range without any saturation. Each operational amplifier can  
be configured as an inverting or non-inverting amplifier with variable gain setting by different resistor  
connections. A RC filter is also connected at each output for noise filtering.  
NOTE  
The maximum operational amplifier output voltage should be limited to the  
VDD voltage applied to MCU to prevent any damage on input port.  
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User Options  
2.9.4 Other I/O Connectors  
One user assignable and eight pre-defined I/O connectors are available to help users connect the board  
into their target system.  
Table 2-5. IIC Port  
CON5  
Signal Name  
Remarks  
Install a zero ohm resistor in the R14 footprint to  
Pin 1  
NC  
connect V  
DD  
Connected to MCU PTC0/SCL1  
10 kΩ pullup to V  
Pin 2  
SCL  
DD  
Connected to MCU PTC1/SDA1  
Pin 3  
Pin 4  
SDA  
10 kΩ pullup to V  
DD  
GND  
—
Table 2-6. SCI Port  
CON6  
Signal Name  
Remarks  
Install a zero ohm resistor in the R15 footprint to  
Pin 1  
NC  
connect V  
DD  
Pin 2  
Pin 3  
Pin 4  
SCI_TX  
SCI_RX  
GND  
Connected to MCU PTE0/TXD1  
Connected to MCU PTE1/RXD1  
—
Table 2-7. SPI Port  
CON7  
Signal Name  
Remarks  
Install a zero ohm resistor in the R16 footprint to  
Pin 1  
NC  
connect V  
DD  
Pin 2  
Pin 3  
Pin 4  
Pin 5  
Pin 6  
GND  
—
SPI_SS  
Connected to MCU PTE4/SS1  
Connected to MCU PTE5/MISO1  
Connected to MCU PTE6/MOSI1  
Connected to MCU PTE7/SPSCK1  
SPI_MISO  
SPI_MOSI  
SPI_SCK  
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Hardware Description  
Table 2-8. PWM Port  
CON4  
Pin 1  
Pin 2  
Pin 3  
Pin 4  
Signal Name  
Remarks  
PWM R  
PWM G  
PWM B  
GND  
Connected to MCU PTF0/TPM1CH2  
Connected to MCU PTF1/TPM1CH3  
Connected to MCU PTE2/TPM1CH0  
—
Table 2-9. LED Light Box Interface  
CON3  
Signal Name  
12V  
Remarks  
12V power for LED light box  
Pin 1 & 2  
Pin 3 & 4  
Pin 5  
GND  
—
PWM R  
PWM G  
PWM B  
Connected to MCU PTF0/TPM1CH2  
Connected to MCU PTF1/TPM1CH3  
Connected to MCU PTE2/TPM1CH0  
Pin 6  
Pin 7  
Connected to MCU PTC3/TXD2  
Reserved pin for DC to DC converter ON/OFF  
control  
Pin 8  
DCDC_EN  
NC  
Pin 9 & 10  
—
Table 2-10. Sensor Interface Type A  
CON10  
Pin 1  
Signal Name  
Remarks  
Sensor supply voltage  
5V  
Pin 2  
GND  
—
Sensor input (Blue), Connected to MCU  
PTB2/ADP2 through operational amplifier U5B  
Pin 3  
Pin 4  
SEN_IN_B  
SEN_IN_G  
Sensor input (Green), Connected to MCU  
PTB1/ADP1 through operational amplifier U5A  
Sensor input (Red), Connected to MCU  
PTB0/ADP0 through operational amplifier U5D  
Pin 5  
Pin 6  
SEN_IN_R  
NC  
—
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User Options  
Table 2-11. Sensor Interface Type H  
CON11  
Pin 1  
Pin 2  
Pin 3  
Pin 4  
Signal Name  
Remarks  
Sensor reference voltage  
3V  
5V  
Sensor supply voltage  
GND  
NC  
—
—
Sensor input (Green), Connected to MCU  
PTB1/ADP1 through operational amplifier U5A  
Pin 5  
Pin 6  
SEN_IN_G  
SEN_IN_R  
Sensor input (Red), Connected to MCU  
PTB0/ADP0 through operational amplifier U5D  
Sensor input (Blue), Connected to MCU  
PTB2/ADP2 through operational amplifier U5B  
Pin 7  
Pin 8  
SEN_IN_B  
NC  
—
NOTE  
Connectors Type A and H share the same connection, so either one of the  
sensor interfaces can be used for sensor input.  
Table 2-12. Temperature Sensor Input  
CON12  
Pin 1  
Signal Name  
SEN_IN_T  
GND  
Remarks  
10 kΩ pullup to V , Connected to MCU  
PTB3/ADP3 through operational amplifier U5C  
DD  
Pin 2  
—
Table 2-13. User Assignable Input  
CON13  
Signal Name  
Remarks  
Connected to MCU PTD0/ADP8 through  
operational amplifier U6D  
Pin 1  
FB_IN_R  
Connected to MCU PTD1/ADP9 through  
operational amplifier U6A  
Pin 2  
Pin 3  
Pin 4  
FB_IN_G  
FB_IN_B  
Connected to MCU PTD2/ADP10 through  
operational amplifier U6B  
Connected to MCU PTD3/ADP11 through  
operational amplifier U6C  
FB_IN_PW  
Connected to MCU PTC3/TXD2 and connector  
CON3 pin 8  
Pin 5  
Pin 6  
DCDC_EN  
DCDC_ER  
Connected to MCU PTC5/RXD2  
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Hardware Description  
Table 2-13. User Assignable Input (Continued)  
CON13  
Pin 7  
Signal Name  
DCDC_CTL1  
DCDC_CTL2  
DCDC_CTL3  
GND  
Remarks  
Connected to MCU PTF4/TPM2CH0  
Connected to MCU PTF5/TPM2CH1  
Connected to MCU PTE3/TPM1CH1  
—
Pin 8  
Pin 9  
Pin 10  
2.10 LED Driving Board  
In general, LEDs have a nonlinear I-V behavior and current limitation is required to prevent the power  
dissipation to exceed a maximum limit. Therefore, the ideal source for LED driving is a constant current  
source. A linear type LED driver is used in this reference design and the block diagram is shown in  
Figure 2-4. The major advantage of linear driver is fast turn ON and OFF response times to support high  
frequency PWM dimming method and wide range control on dimming level. An integrated DC-to-DC  
boost converter (MC34063) generates the high voltage required for LED driving in series and is shared  
with RGB channels, but the drawback is the power loss on R channel is higher than G or B channels.  
Individual DC-to-DC block should be used for each channel in power sensitive applications.  
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LED Driver Design Procedures  
Vout = 30V  
Vin = 12V  
DC-to-DC  
Boost  
Converter  
(MC34063)  
R-Channel  
PWM  
Driver R  
G-Channel  
PWM  
ILED = 50mA  
Driver G  
VREF  
Driver B  
B-Channel  
PWM  
Rs  
Figure 2-3. DC-to-DC Boost Converter and Linear LED Driver  
Eight pieces of 3-in-1 RGB LED chips connected in series are used to form the multi-color light source.  
The LED chips are arranged in 2 x 4 format and each RGB LED string is driven by a separated constant  
current source. The average current through each RGB LED is controlled by an individual PWM signal  
generated from MCU. The final output color is determined by the mix of light emitted by RGB LEDs that  
are almost in linear relationship with PWM pulse width. An optical diffuser film should be placed on top of  
the display window for color mixing and brightness uniformity enhancement.  
2.11 LED Driver Design Procedures  
This section presents guidelines for selecting external components for DC-to-DC boost converter and  
linear drivers.  
2.11.1 RGB LED Chip  
The system is designed to drive eight pieces of RGB LED chips connected in a series. Assume the LED  
current for each color is 50mA and forward voltage is 2.3V for red LED and 3.3V for green and blue LEDs.  
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Hardware Description  
2.11.2 Current Sense Resistor  
The value of the current sense resistor RS is determined by two factors: power dissipation on RS and the  
reference level VREF for operational amplifier non-inverting input. Smaller RS reduces power dissipation,  
but the detection of a feedback signal in operational amplifier is more difficult.  
The voltage VRS across the current sense resistor RS is directly proportional to the current ILED through  
LED. In closed-loop condition, VRS is equal to the reference level VREF, so the LED current ILED is equal  
to the reference voltage VREF divided by the current sense resistor RS.  
Setting VREF to 1V and RS equals 20Ω, the LED current ILED is equal to 50mA.  
Power dissipation on RS is around 50mW, I2R = (50mA)2 × 20Ω, which is reasonable compared to total  
LED power.  
2.11.3 Boost Converter  
The switching regulator MC34063 from On Semiconductor is a monolithic circuit containing the primary  
functions required for DC-to-DC converters. It can be incorporated in boost converter application with  
minimum number of external components.  
Boost Converter Calculations:  
Output voltage VOUT > (VLED x 8) + VRS + VDROP (set maximum linear drop to 2 V)  
Output current Iout > 50 mA x 3  
Set Vin = 12 V, Vout = 30 V, and Iout = 175 mA  
Refer to equations in Figure 2-4 to calculate the values for inductor and other external components.  
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LED Driver Design Procedures  
Figure 2-4. Equations for Boost Converter  
Vsat = Saturation voltage of the output switch.  
VF = Forward voltage drop of the output rectifier.  
Vin - Nominal input voltage.  
V
out - Desired output voltage.  
Iout - Desired output current.  
min - Minimum desired output switching frequency.  
ripple(pp) - Desired peak-to-peak output ripple voltage.  
For further information, refer to On Semiconductor’s datasheet.  
f
V
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Hardware Description  
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Chapter 3  
Firmware Description  
3.1 Introduction  
The MCU firmware in this LED lighting control design is responsible for:  
•
•
•
Controlling timer channels for the RGB LED color PWM output  
Communicating with the host PC for receiving command and data input/output  
Operating as a standalone LED box through on board buttons  
Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 shows the firmware flow. The LED box can operate in PC control operation  
mode or standalone operation mode.  
Initialization  
No  
PC Control Mode  
Operation?  
*Standalone demo box  
without PC control  
Yes  
Display control menu through  
SCI  
Enable I/O for PCB button  
detection  
No  
Any PCB button  
pressed?  
Valid command from PC?  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
Process commands and adjust PWM  
output  
Adjust PWM output according to button  
event  
Figure 3-1. Firmware Flow: Main Program  
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Firmware Description  
PWM value input to one channel  
Auto White balance?  
Yes  
No  
Prompt for green channel PWM input and calculate the  
two remaining channels’ PWM values according to  
existing color temperature  
Get the other two channel  
values from user input  
Adjust PWM width in next PWM cycle  
Figure 3-2. Firmware Flow: PWM Adjustment  
3.2 PC Control Mode  
Every time the MCU is powered up, the firmware detects the status of SW1. The LED lighting control box  
is operated in PC control mode if SW1 is not being pressed.  
In this mode, you control the LED output through the host PC. The MCU uses the serial communication  
interface (SCI) module to communicate to the COM port of the host PC.  
After entering this mode, the MCU sends out a number of string characters to the PC COM port. These  
strings are the contents of the user interface menu displayed in the PC screen. This user interface menu  
guides you on how to control the LED box by different function keys. The MCU also sends out existing  
PWM control parameters to the host for display. For examples, parameters such as existing RGB PWM  
output values, white balance mode, and PWM frequency are displayed. Figure 3-3 shows the PC screen  
for the user control menu.  
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PC Control Mode  
Figure 3-3. User Interface Menu  
When the MCU receives a control command or PWM input data from the PC, the firmware interprets the  
information to take the corresponding actions. It may update the output PWM values in next PWM duty  
or delivery of the corresponding LED control parameter back to the PC. Three timer channels in the  
timer 1 module are configured to edge-aligned PWM operation mode. This generates the PWM signals  
for the RGB color channels.  
By the proper control of the RGB channel PWM, the LED box can provide different lighting effects.  
If you select the white balance mode to AUTO, the LED output gives a white color output. The firmware  
retains control of the RGB PWM ratio based on the preset white color. You can adjust the output  
brightness by pressing the + or − key in the host PC keyboard. Alternatively, you can input a green  
channel PWM value and the firmware calculates the blue and red PWM values to give the resultant  
intensity.  
A demonstration display feature is available. After enabling this feature, the firmware adjusts RGB PWM  
so the light box switches among different preset colors, delivery fade in and fade out lighting effects, etc.  
You can also set the PWM to different frequencies. At a lower PWM frequency, such as 30 Hz, the flicking  
phenomenon is more noticeable. This phenomenon can be minimized or removed by setting the PWM  
frequency to a higher value.  
There are examples at the end of this section showing how to control the LED box through the host PC.  
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Firmware Description  
3.3 Standalone Mode  
When the LED box is powered up with SW1 being pressed, it enters standalone mode. When compared  
to the PC control mode, this standalone mode can act as a quick and simple demo that does not require  
a host PC. The control of the LED light box can be done through the onboard buttons. However, the PC  
control mode can have more control on the PWM output.  
The functions of the buttons are as follows:  
•
SW6 (IRQ): Demonstration Display Enable/Disable  
If SW6 is pressed, the LED box enters the demonstration display state where certain preset colors  
display sequentially with some other lighting effects. The demonstration mode can be exit by  
pressing SW6 again.  
•
•
SW1: Preset Colors Toggle  
Whenever SW1 has been pressed and released, the LED box toggles to another preset color. The  
LED1 lights up while LED2 turns off.  
SW2: Auto White Balance Control  
If SW2 has been pressed, the LED box turns to auto white balance state and give a white color.  
The small on board LED2 lights up while LED1 turns off, indicating an auto white balance state.  
There are two preset white color with different color temperatures available for selection. To swap  
between different preset color temperatures, press the SW2 button once more. The auto white  
balance state can be turn off by pressing SW1.  
•
•
•
SW3: Decrease Brightness  
The output brightness increases if SW3 has been pressed.  
SW4: Increase Brightness  
The output brightness decreases if SW4 has been pressed.  
SW1+SW2: PWM Frequency Selection  
The Output PWM Frequency can be changed with following steps:  
1. Press and hold SW1  
2. Press SW2  
3. Release SW2  
4. Release SW1  
After performing the above action, the output PWM frequency can be changed. There are three  
preset settings available, 30 Hz, 120 Hz, and 600 Hz. For examples, after changing from 30 Hz to  
120 Hz using above steps, it can set the PWM to 600 Hz by applying the above steps again.  
NOTE  
The output brightness is changed after changing the frequency. As the  
PWM output values remain the same, a change in PWM frequency modifies  
the PWM duty as well.  
The PWM frequency selection steps above are invalid if the LED box is  
running at demonstration display state. In addition, the PWM frequency is  
changed to the default value of 120 Hz after the demonstration display state  
has been exited by pressing SW6.  
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Firmware Files  
3.4 Firmware Files  
Below is a list of the C files in the firmware  
Main.c  
•
Programs entry point and determination of operation mode, i.e. PC control mode or standalone  
operation mode  
•
•
System initialization  
Common functions used in different firmware modules  
Menu.c  
•
•
Takes care of high level user interface communication with the PC host.  
Interprets the received PC commands or data and initiate the corresponding action. The user  
interface menu contents can be modified or edited in this file.  
SCI.c  
•
Takes care of low level SCI hardware for communication between the PC. Functions that  
accessing the SCI registers are included in this file.  
•
String management for input and output functions used in the Menu.c  
ISR.c  
•
•
•
•
•
•
Interrupt services routines for different hardware modules  
Timer 1 is used for the PWM channels for the three RGB output color  
Timer 2 is used for generating a periodical interrupt that used in the demonstration display feature  
IRQ interrupts for enabling or disabling of demonstration display in the standalone operation mode.  
KBI interrupts for on board buttons detection  
Functions for generating certain display effects are included in this file  
Keyinput.c  
•
For operation of standalone mode without the host PC  
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Chapter 4  
Demo Setup  
4.1 Introduction  
This section shows how to connect the DEMO9S08AW60LED board to your PC, run the demo program,  
and how to program the board with the source code. The source code can be download from the  
Freescale website.  
4.2 Hardware and Software Setup  
The DEMO9S08AW60LED is shipped with the demo program stored in on-chip flash memory. Use  
Figure 2-2 as a guide to do the setup.  
4.2.1 Hardware Setup  
1. Check the jumper setting and make sure jumper JP1 on DEMO9S08AW60LED board is set to the  
5V (2-3) position.  
2. Connect the 2x5 pin ribbon flat cable at LED light box to connector CON3 on  
DEMO9S08AW60LED board.  
3. Connect a serial cable to the PC or notebook and then to the DEMO9S08AW60LED board.  
4. Power up the demo through the DC jack connector CON1 on DEMO9S08AW60LED board. The  
supply voltage is 12V DC and LED D5 should be on.  
5. Press SW5 to reset the MCU. The LED light box demo enters PC control mode. (Make sure SW1  
is not pressed during reset.)  
4.2.2 PC Software Setup  
1. Open up a terminal window from within Windows XP by clicking on Start → All Programs →  
Accessories → Communications → HyperTerminal  
2. Give your terminal connection a name (such as AW60_Control) and click the OK button.  
3. In the Connect using pulldown, select the COM port you connected your serial cable to, and click  
the OK button.  
4. In the Port Settings window, click the OK button after entering the following settings:  
Bits per second: 9600  
Data bits: 8  
Parity: None  
Stop bits: 1  
Flow control: None  
5. Make sure Echo typed characters locally is NOT selected under the ASCII Setup pop-up menu,  
see Figure 4-1.  
6. After configuring HyperTerminal, the LED Control Menu screen appears as shown in Figure 4-2.  
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Demo Setup  
Figure 4-1. Echo Typed Characters Setting  
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Demo Examples  
Figure 4-2. LED Control Menu  
NOTE  
Make sure the HyperTerminal window is selected all the time by moving the  
mouse pointer inside the window and clicking the left mouse button (the top  
color bar of the terminal window is then blue instead of grey). Otherwise, no  
function key command is sent to the LED lightbox.  
4.3 Demo Examples  
Several examples are given here on showing how to use the LED box under the PC control.  
4.3.1 Demo 1 - Demonstration Display  
1. Press the reset button SW5 on DEMO9S08AW60LED board. The LED control menu screen  
appears (Figure 4-2).  
2. Press letter D in the PC keyboard to enter demonstration display operation.  
3. In this display state, the LED light box switches among different colors automatically and delivers  
other lighting effects.  
NOTE  
Press any other key to exit demonstration display. Press D to enter  
demonstration display again.  
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Demo Setup  
4.3.2 Demo 2 - Preset Colors Display  
1. Press the tab key in the PC keyboard.  
2. The output is switched to another preset color after the tab key has been pressed each time.  
NOTE  
You can adjust the output color any time through the control menu.  
4.3.3 Demo 3 - Auto White Balance Control  
1. Press F until PWM frequency is set to 120 Hz.  
2. Press W to toggle to AUTO white balance control.  
3. Type 2000 at line of input green. The green PWM output value should then show 2000.  
4. The red and blue PWM values are adjusted automatically to keep the output at the existing color  
temperature.  
Note:  
Pressing T can change the output to another preset color temperature.  
Pressing the + or − key can gradually increase or decrease the output  
intensity. Use the + or − keys from the main keyboard area instead of those  
near the NUM lock key pad.  
Max PWM input range is decreased if setting to a higher PWM frequency.  
4.3.4 Demo 4 - PWM Output Frequency Control  
1. Press W to toggle the output to AUTO mode.  
2. Pressing F can switch the PWM output among different preset frequencies.  
3. The flicking phenomenon is more significant at the lower frequency such as at 30 Hz. The flicking  
can be removed by setting PWM to higher frequencies.  
NOTE  
The output brightness is changed after changing the frequency. As the  
PWM output values remain the same, a change in PWM frequency modifies  
the PWM duty as well.  
As the frequency increases, the max allowable PWM input range  
decreases because the PWM value for 100% on-duty becomes smaller.  
4.3.5 Demo 5 - Full Manual Control  
1. Press F until PWM frequency change to 120Hz  
2. Press W to toggle the output to MANUAL mode.  
3. Press R to switch to manual red channel input.  
4. Type 2000 at the Input red line.  
5. Press G to switch to manual green channel input.  
6. Type 0000 at the Input green line.  
7. Press B to switch to manual blue channel input.  
8. Type 2000 at the input blue line.  
9. The output color is purple. You can repeat the steps with different PWM values for different output  
colors and intensities.  
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Program the MCU Flash  
NOTE  
Max PWM input range is decreased when setting to a higher PWM  
frequency. With the same PWM values, increasing frequency (i.e. shorter  
period) increases brightness because the PWM on-duty increases.  
When typing HEX PWM input values, use only capital letters for the input  
of A–F.  
4.4 Program the MCU Flash  
The DEMO9S08AW60LED board allows you to program the MCU flash and debug applications via the  
BDM connection.  
1. Download the source code file from Freescale web site, save it to your PC, and extract the files to  
a working directory on your machine.  
2. Open CodeWarrior HC(S)08 v5.1 and open the LED_box.mcp project file.  
3. Open main.c in the sources folder by clicking the plus sign next to the sources folder and then  
double clicking on main.c. This is the application code.  
4. Connect the BDM cable from your development tools to the DEMO9S08AW60LED board (CON8).  
5. Connect a serial cable to the PC and then to the DEMO9S08AW60LED board.  
6. Power up the demo through the DC jack connector CON1 on DEMO9S08AW60LED board.  
7. Open up a terminal window from within Windows XP by clicking on Start → All Programs →  
Accessories → Communications → HyperTerminal  
8. Give your terminal connection a name (such as AW60_Control) and click the OK button.  
9. In the Connect using pulldown, select the COM port you connected your serial cable to, and click  
the OK button.  
10. In the Port Settings window, click the OK button after entering the following settings:  
Bits per second: 9600  
Data bits: 8  
Parity: None  
Stop bits: 1  
Flow control: None.  
11. In the Freescale CodeWarrior window, click on Debug under Project in the menu bar or press F5.  
The True-Time Simulator and Real-Time Debugger interface window appears.  
12. When the ICD Connection Assistant appears, click the Connect button.  
13. When the Erase and Program Flash window appears, click the yes button.  
14. The CPROGHCS08 Programmer window should close after the MCU flash is programmed. To run  
the source code, click on Start/Continue under Run in the menu bar or click the green arrow.  
4.5 Troubleshooting  
1. VDD LED does not turn on  
Make sure jumper JP1 is set to the 5V (2-3) position.  
2. The light box does not display any color  
Make sure the 2x5 pin ribbon flat cable at LED light box is installed properly to the  
DEMO9S08AW60LED board.  
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Demo Setup  
Repeat the PC software setup procedures again.  
3. Control menu contents are not correct  
Make sure the COM port selection is correct.  
Check the Port Settings again and make sure the configurations are correct.  
4. User input does not be detected correctly  
Make sure the HyperTerminal Window is being selected all the time.  
When typing HEX PWM input values, use ONLY CAPITAL letter for the input of A–F.  
Use the + or − keys from the main keyboard area instead of those near the NUM lock key pad.  
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Appendix A  
Schematics  
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Appendix B  
Bill of Materials  
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Table 4-1 BOM for AW60 Control Board  
Part Description  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
Quantity Value  
Designators  
R1 R3-7  
R2  
510  
820  
6
1
R8 R9 R11 R14-16 R28 R30 R34 R36 R40  
R42 R46 R48 R52 R54 R58 R60 R64 R66  
SMD RESISTOR  
open  
10K  
R70 R72 R74-76  
R32 R12 R37-38 R17-18 R43-44 R49-50  
R22 R55-56 R61-62 R25-26 R67-68 R13  
R73 R31  
R35 R23 R59 R24 R47 R65 R20 R41 R71  
R21 R29 R10 R53  
R19  
R69 R27 R63 R51 R57 R39 R45 R33  
C4 C6-8 C12-14 C16 C22 C27  
C3  
C9-10  
25  
22  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
0
1M  
68K  
100nF  
NO_POP  
22pF  
1nF  
1uF  
13  
1
8
10  
1
2
1
16  
3
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD CER CAPACITOR  
SMD CER CAPACITOR  
SMD CER CAPACITOR  
SMD CER CAPACITOR  
SMD TAN CAP  
C33  
C18-20 C15 C23-25 C17 C28-32 C34-36  
C11 C21 C26  
SMD TAN CAP  
10uF  
SMD TAN CAP  
47uF  
C2  
1
ECAP  
ECAP  
100uF (25V)  
22uF (50V)  
C5  
C1  
1
1
2.54mm HEADER  
2x3 Pin (2.54mm Pitch)  
2x5 Pin (2.54mm Pitch with  
polarity)  
CON8  
1
2.54mm HEADER  
CON3  
1
2.5mm CONNECTOR BASE  
JUMPER  
1x2 Pin (2.5mm Pitch) NO_POP  
3 PIN (2.5mm Pitch) Short 2-3  
1x2 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)  
1x4 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)  
1x6 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)  
1x6 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)  
1x8 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)  
CON1  
JP1  
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2mm CONNECTOR BASE  
2mm CONNECTOR BASE  
2mm CONNECTOR BASE  
2mm CONNECTOR BASE  
2mm CONNECTOR BASE  
CON12  
CON4-6  
CON7  
CON10  
CON11  
2mm CONNECTOR BASE  
DB9 HORIZ FEMALE PCB  
CONNECTOR  
DC JACK CONNECTOR  
SMD TACT SW  
Plastic POST  
Crystal  
LED  
FUSE  
QUAD OP AMP  
SERIAL PORT  
DRIVER/RECEIVER  
ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE  
REGULATOR  
1x10 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity) CON13  
DB9 HORIZ FEMALE PCB  
1
CONNECTOR  
P2  
1
1
6
4
1
5
1
2
12V DC JACK  
5mm x 5mm  
3-4mm Height  
16MHz (3.5mm Height)  
SMD GREEN  
CON2  
SW1-6  
H1-4  
X1  
D1-5  
F1  
SMD FUSE 1A  
LM324 (SO14 Package)  
U5-6  
MAX3232CUE TSSOP16  
U4  
1
LM317 (D2PAK)  
LM7805 (D2PAK)  
MC9S08AW60CFGE (LQFP44)  
U1  
U2  
U3  
1
1
1
5 VOLT REGULATOR  
MCU  
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Table 4-2 BOM for LED Driving Board  
Part Description  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
Quantity Value  
Designators  
R1-2 R10-12  
R6  
R7  
R8  
R9  
R3 R14  
R5  
0
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
52K  
2K2  
0.22  
180  
open  
510  
1K5  
510  
R13  
R4  
R15 R17-18 R22 R24-25 R29  
R31-32  
R19 R26 R33  
R27-28 R21 R20 R34-35  
R30 R16 R23  
R36-R39  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD RESISTOR  
SMD CER CAPACITOR  
SMD CER CAPACITOR  
SMD CER CAPACITOR  
High Volt SMD CER  
CAPACITOR  
10K  
3K9  
1K  
20  
39  
9
3
6
3
4
4
1
3
100nF  
560pF  
10nF  
C2 C7-8 C11  
C3  
C12-14  
100nF (50V)  
10uF  
100uF (50V)  
SMD 200uH (1A)  
SMD GREEN  
C6  
1
3
2
1
1
SMD TAN CAP  
ECAP  
INDUCTOR Coil  
LED  
C1 C9-10  
C4-5  
L1  
D1  
N-CHANNEL MOSFET  
N-CHANNEL MOSFET  
ZVN2106G (8A, 60V, SOT223)  
Q1 Q4 Q7  
3
3
MMBF0201NL (300mA, 20V, SOT-23) Q6 Q3 Q9  
P-CHANNEL MOSFET  
SMD SCHOTTKY DIODE  
QUAD OP AMP  
NTR0202PL (400mA, 20V, SOT-23)  
MBRS140 (1A,40V, SMB)  
LM324M (SO14 Package)  
Q2 Q5 Q8  
D2  
U3  
3
1
1
ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE  
REGULATOR  
DC-TO-DC CONVERTER  
OSRAM LED  
LM317M (D2PAK)  
MC34063A SO8  
RGB LED (6-Pin SMD)  
U1  
U2  
U4-11  
1
1
8
with a 70mmx 40mm display  
window and mount on the PCB  
Plastic Box  
SCREW  
100mm x 60mm (Black Color)  
Use Plastic Box 's screw  
Board  
H1-4  
1
4
PLASTIC POST  
3M Diffuser Film  
3-4mm Height (Paste on bottom side)  
4
2
Paste 2 sheets under the  
100mm x 60mm (Ref number: 3635-70) plastic box cover  
2x5 pin flat ribbon cable, 20cm length  
FLAT RIBBON CABLE  
(2.54mm pitch, one end soldering type) CON1  
1
LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1  
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DRM093  
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