Freescale Semiconductor Computer Hardware S08 User Manual

LED Lighting Control Using the

MC9S08AW60

Designer Reference Manual

S08

Microcontrollers

DRM093

Rev. 1

07/2007

freescale.com

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60

Designer Reference Manual

by: Dennis Lui, Ernest Chan

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Hong Kong

To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web is the

most current. Your printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information

available, refer to:

http://www.freescale.com

The following revision history table summarizes changes contained in this document. For your

convenience, the page number designators have been linked to the appropriate location.

Revision History

Revision

Level

Page

Number(s)

Date

Description

03/2006

07/2007

Initial release

N/A

Overall edits for grammar, spelling, structure, and style.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Revision History

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

MC9S08AW60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Chapter 2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

DEMO9S08AW60LED Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

DEMO9S08AW60LED Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Development Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Reset Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

RS-232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

User Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.9.1 Pushbutton Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.9.2 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.9.3 ADC Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.9.4 Other I/O Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

LED Driving Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

LED Driver Design Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.11.1 RGB LED Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.11.2 Current Sense Resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.11.3 Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Chapter 3

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

PC Control Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Standalone Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Firmware Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Chapter 4

Demo Setup

4.1

4.2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Hardware and Software Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.2.1 Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.2.2 PC Software Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Demo Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.3

LED Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Table of Contents

4.3.1 Demo 1 - Demonstration Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.3.2 Demo 2 - Preset Colors Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.3.3 Demo 3 - Auto White Balance Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.3.4 Demo 4 - PWM Output Frequency Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.3.5 Demo 5 - Full Manual Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Program the MCU Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Appendix A

Appendix B

LED Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction

This manual describes a reference design of a multi-color LED lighting control solution by using the

MC9S08AW60 Microcontroller.

Using a microcontroller (MCU) to control the red/green/blue (RGB) color LEDs increases system flexibility

and functionality for the next generation of lighting applications, architectural/entertainment lighting or

LCD backlighting, that require a smart and adaptive control methodology to ensure optimized color space

rendering for various display contents, excellent color contrast for realistic display scene and a consistent

color setting in manufacturing. In many cases, these new applications are controlled by a central control

unit that requires a connectivity interface that can be implemented at a low cost using MCU-based lighting

controller.

A compact light-box with more than a million display colors is implemented to demonstrate the

advantages of using MCU to control RGB color LEDs with different luminosity settings. The average

current through each color LED is controlled by an individual PWM signal generated from MCU and the

LED luminosity is almost in linear relationship with the pulse width of the driving PWM signal. The final

display color is determined on the mix of light emitted by RGB LEDs, so one of the simple methods to set

the light source in different color is changing the RGB PWM duty cycles equal to the corresponding mixing

ratio required for a particular color. In addition, a serial control protocol with user interface is also

developed as a communication link to control and monitor system parameters through a personal

computer.

All hardware schematic diagrams and firmware source codes are available as reference materials.

1.2 Features

•

Apply for architectural/entertainment lighting or LCD backlighting applications

Exceptional color mixing

Pre-set or dynamic RGB colors

High resolution on dimming control

Automatic white balance tracking on dimming

Flexible connectivity interface

User friendly control menu

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Introduction

1.3 System Overview

A block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 1-1.

Power Supply & Regulator

DC/DC

Converter

AW60

RGB

PWM

Red LEDs

Button Switch

Detection

KBI

SCI

PWM

ADC

Green LEDs

Blue LEDs

To PC

RS232

Interface

I/O Control

GPIO Port

Figure 1-1 . System Block Diagram

1.4 MC9S08AW60

The MC9S08AW60, MC9S08AW48, MC9S08AW32, and MC9S08AW16 are members of the low-cost,

high-performance HCS08 family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). All MCUs in the family use the

enhanced HCS08 core and are available with a variety of modules, memory sizes, memory types, and

package types. Refer to Table 1-1 for memory sizes and package types.

Table 1-2 summarizes the peripheral availability per package type for the devices available in the

MC9S08AW60/48/32/16 series.

Table 1-1. Devices in the MC9S08AW60/48/32/16 Series

Device

Flash

63,280

49,152

32,768

16,384

RAM

2048

1024

Package

MC9S08AW60

MC9S08AW48

MC9S08AW32

MC9S08AW16

64 QFP

64 LQFP

48 QFN

44 LQFP

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

MC9S08AW60

Table 1-2. Peripherals Available per Package Type

Package Options

Feature

ADC

64-Pin

16-CH

Yes

48-Pin

8-CH

Yes

44-Pin

8-CH

Yes

IIC

IRQ

Yes

KBI1

SCI1

Yes

4-CH

Yes

4-CH

SCI2

Yes

SPI1

Yes

TPM1

TPM1CLK

TPM2

TPM2CLK

I/O Pins

6-CH

Yes

2-CH

Yes

2-CH

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Introduction

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Chapter 2

Hardware Description

2.1 Introduction

The system consists of a MCU control board and a LED driving board. The MCU control board,

DEMO9S08AW60LED, is one of the demonstration boards for the Freescale MC9S08AW60. This board

allows easier developmet of code for LED control applications, architectural/entertainment lighting or LCD

backlighting. The on-board serial interface allows you to control and monitor the system status via the

RS232 serial port connection. The separated LED light-box with driving circuitries is also available as a

whole demo kit to demonstrate how to do the color mixing and see the visual effects on changing different

type of parameter settings.

RGB LED Driving Board

Figure 2-1. Light-Box Demo

AW60 Control Board

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Hardware Description

2.2 DEMO9S08AW60LED Features

•

MC9S08AW60 CPU

–

44 pin LQFP package

20 MHz Internal Bus Frequency

60 Kbytes of on-chip in-circuit programmable FLASH

2 Kbytes of on-chip RAM

8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter

Two SCI modules

SPI module

I²C module

6-pin keyboard interrupt (KBI) module

34 general-purpose input/output (I/O) pins

•

External power jack for DC power supply (+12 VDC)

Four pushbutton user switches

Four LEDs connected to I/O port

Master reset switch

RGB PWM output port

Optical sensor input port

On-board RS-232 serial port

100mm x 80mm board size

2.3 DEMO9S08AW60LED Layout

Figure 2-2. DEMO9S08AW60LED Top Side

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Development Support

2.4 Development Support

Application development and debug for the MC9S08AW60 is supported through a 6-pin BDM header

(CON8). The pinout is as follows:

Table 2-1. BDM Connector (CON8) Pinout

BKGD

GND

RESET

2.5 Power

The DEMO9S08AW60LED is powered externally through the barrel connector CON2. This connector is

a 2.5 mm, center positive connector. Voltage supplied through this connector should be positive 12 volts

DC. This is also the supply voltage for the LED light box.

The DEMO9S08AW60LED can be run with V_DDset to 5 or 3 volts. To run the board at 3V, move jumper

JP1 to the 1-2, 3V position.

LED D5 turns green to let you know that power has been correctly applied to the board.

2.6 Reset Switch

The reset switch (SW5) provides a way to apply a reset to the MCU. The reset switch is connected directly

to the RESET signal of the MCU. A 10 kΩ pullup resistor to V_DDon the RESET signal allows for normal

operation. When the reset switch is pressed, the RESET signal is grounded and the MCU recognizes a

reset.

2.7 Clock Source

An on-board 16 MHz crystal (X1) is connected between the XTAL and EXTAL pins of the MCU. This offers

flexibility on clock source selection. Refer to the MC9S08AW60 data sheet for details on how to use the

internal clock generation (ICG) module to generate the system clocks for the MCU.

2.8 RS-232

An RS-232 translator provides RS-232 communication on COM connector P2. This connector is a 9-pin

Dsub right angle connector. TXD and RXD signals are routed from the MCU to the RS-232 transceiver.

Table 2-2 . RS-232 Connections

MCU Port

PTE0/TXD1

PTE1/RXD1

COM Signal

TXD OUT

RXD IN

I/O Port Connector

P2-2

P2-3

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Hardware Description

2.9 User Options

The DEMO9S08AW60LED includes various input and output devices to assist in application

development. These devices include four pushbutton switches, four LEDs, and an operational amplifier

with RC filter connected at each ADC input channel for signal amplification and filtering.

2.9.1 Pushbutton Switches

Four pushbutton switches provide momentary active low input for user applications. The table below

describes the pushbutton switch connections.

Table 2-3. Pushbutton Switches (SW1-SW4) Connections

Switch

SW1

SW2

SW3

SW4

MCU Port

PTG0/KBI0

PTG1/KBI1

PTG2/KBI2

PTG3/KBI3

2.9.2 LED Indicators

Four green LED indicators (D1-D4) are provided to assist during code development. The LEDs are active

low and illuminated when a logic low signal is driven from the MCU port pin. Two of the LEDs are

connected to port A, and the other two are connected to Port C. The connections are described below:

Table 2-4. LEDs (D1-D4) Connections

LED

MCU Port

PTA0

PTA1

PTC2

PTC4

2.9.3 ADC Interface

Eight operational amplifiers are provided to assist users in developing applications with feedback control

signals. For examples, the signal generated by an optical sensor in LED backlight system should be

scaled to a level matched with the ADC input range without any saturation. Each operational amplifier can

be configured as an inverting or non-inverting amplifier with variable gain setting by different resistor

connections. A RC filter is also connected at each output for noise filtering.

NOTE

The maximum operational amplifier output voltage should be limited to the

V_DDvoltage applied to MCU to prevent any damage on input port.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

User Options

2.9.4 Other I/O Connectors

One user assignable and eight pre-defined I/O connectors are available to help users connect the board

into their target system.

Table 2-5. IIC Port

CON5

Signal Name

Remarks

Install a zero ohm resistor in the R14 footprint to

Pin 1

connect V

Connected to MCU PTC0/SCL1

10 kΩ pullup to V

Pin 2

SCL

Connected to MCU PTC1/SDA1

Pin 3

Pin 4

SDA

10 kΩ pullup to V

GND

—

Table 2-6. SCI Port

CON6

Signal Name

Remarks

Install a zero ohm resistor in the R15 footprint to

Pin 1

connect V

Pin 2

Pin 3

Pin 4

SCI_TX

SCI_RX

GND

Connected to MCU PTE0/TXD1

Connected to MCU PTE1/RXD1

—

Table 2-7. SPI Port

CON7

Signal Name

Remarks

Install a zero ohm resistor in the R16 footprint to

Pin 1

connect V

Pin 2

Pin 3

Pin 4

Pin 5

Pin 6

GND

—

SPI_SS

Connected to MCU PTE4/SS1

Connected to MCU PTE5/MISO1

Connected to MCU PTE6/MOSI1

Connected to MCU PTE7/SPSCK1

SPI_MISO

SPI_MOSI

SPI_SCK

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Hardware Description

Table 2-8. PWM Port

CON4

Pin 1

Pin 2

Pin 3

Pin 4

Signal Name

Remarks

PWM R

PWM G

PWM B

GND

Connected to MCU PTF0/TPM1CH2

Connected to MCU PTF1/TPM1CH3

Connected to MCU PTE2/TPM1CH0

—

Table 2-9. LED Light Box Interface

CON3

Signal Name

12V

Remarks

12V power for LED light box

Pin 1 & 2

Pin 3 & 4

Pin 5

GND

—

PWM R

PWM G

PWM B

Connected to MCU PTF0/TPM1CH2

Connected to MCU PTF1/TPM1CH3

Connected to MCU PTE2/TPM1CH0

Pin 6

Pin 7

Connected to MCU PTC3/TXD2

Reserved pin for DC to DC converter ON/OFF

control

Pin 8

DCDC_EN

Pin 9 & 10

—

Table 2-10. Sensor Interface Type A

CON10

Pin 1

Signal Name

Remarks

Sensor supply voltage

Pin 2

GND

—

Sensor input (Blue), Connected to MCU

PTB2/ADP2 through operational amplifier U5B

Pin 3

Pin 4

SEN_IN_B

SEN_IN_G

Sensor input (Green), Connected to MCU

PTB1/ADP1 through operational amplifier U5A

Sensor input (Red), Connected to MCU

PTB0/ADP0 through operational amplifier U5D

Pin 5

Pin 6

SEN_IN_R

—

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

User Options

Table 2-11. Sensor Interface Type H

CON11

Pin 1

Pin 2

Pin 3

Pin 4

Signal Name

Remarks

Sensor reference voltage

Sensor supply voltage

GND

—

Sensor input (Green), Connected to MCU

PTB1/ADP1 through operational amplifier U5A

Pin 5

Pin 6

SEN_IN_G

SEN_IN_R

Sensor input (Red), Connected to MCU

PTB0/ADP0 through operational amplifier U5D

Sensor input (Blue), Connected to MCU

PTB2/ADP2 through operational amplifier U5B

Pin 7

Pin 8

SEN_IN_B

—

NOTE

Connectors Type A and H share the same connection, so either one of the

sensor interfaces can be used for sensor input.

Table 2-12. Temperature Sensor Input

CON12

Pin 1

Signal Name

SEN_IN_T

GND

Remarks

10 kΩ pullup to V , Connected to MCU

PTB3/ADP3 through operational amplifier U5C

Pin 2

—

Table 2-13. User Assignable Input

CON13

Signal Name

Remarks

Connected to MCU PTD0/ADP8 through

operational amplifier U6D

Pin 1

FB_IN_R

Connected to MCU PTD1/ADP9 through

operational amplifier U6A

Pin 2

Pin 3

Pin 4

FB_IN_G

FB_IN_B

Connected to MCU PTD2/ADP10 through

operational amplifier U6B

Connected to MCU PTD3/ADP11 through

operational amplifier U6C

FB_IN_PW

Connected to MCU PTC3/TXD2 and connector

CON3 pin 8

Pin 5

Pin 6

DCDC_EN

DCDC_ER

Connected to MCU PTC5/RXD2

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Hardware Description

Table 2-13. User Assignable Input (Continued)

CON13

Pin 7

Signal Name

DCDC_CTL1

DCDC_CTL2

DCDC_CTL3

GND

Remarks

Connected to MCU PTF4/TPM2CH0

Connected to MCU PTF5/TPM2CH1

Connected to MCU PTE3/TPM1CH1

—

Pin 8

Pin 9

Pin 10

2.10 LED Driving Board

In general, LEDs have a nonlinear I-V behavior and current limitation is required to prevent the power

dissipation to exceed a maximum limit. Therefore, the ideal source for LED driving is a constant current

source. A linear type LED driver is used in this reference design and the block diagram is shown in

Figure 2-4. The major advantage of linear driver is fast turn ON and OFF response times to support high

frequency PWM dimming method and wide range control on dimming level. An integrated DC-to-DC

boost converter (MC34063) generates the high voltage required for LED driving in series and is shared

with RGB channels, but the drawback is the power loss on R channel is higher than G or B channels.

Individual DC-to-DC block should be used for each channel in power sensitive applications.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

LED Driver Design Procedures

Vout = 30V

Vin = 12V

DC-to-DC

Boost

Converter

(MC34063)

R-Channel

PWM

Driver R

G-Channel

PWM

I_LED= 50mA

Driver G

V_REF

Driver B

B-Channel

PWM

Figure 2-3. DC-to-DC Boost Converter and Linear LED Driver

Eight pieces of 3-in-1 RGB LED chips connected in series are used to form the multi-color light source.

The LED chips are arranged in 2 x 4 format and each RGB LED string is driven by a separated constant

current source. The average current through each RGB LED is controlled by an individual PWM signal

generated from MCU. The final output color is determined by the mix of light emitted by RGB LEDs that

are almost in linear relationship with PWM pulse width. An optical diffuser film should be placed on top of

the display window for color mixing and brightness uniformity enhancement.

2.11 LED Driver Design Procedures

This section presents guidelines for selecting external components for DC-to-DC boost converter and

linear drivers.

2.11.1 RGB LED Chip

The system is designed to drive eight pieces of RGB LED chips connected in a series. Assume the LED

current for each color is 50mA and forward voltage is 2.3V for red LED and 3.3V for green and blue LEDs.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Hardware Description

2.11.2 Current Sense Resistor

The value of the current sense resistor R_Sis determined by two factors: power dissipation on R_Sand the

reference level V_REFfor operational amplifier non-inverting input. Smaller R_Sreduces power dissipation,

but the detection of a feedback signal in operational amplifier is more difficult.

The voltage V_RSacross the current sense resistor R_Sis directly proportional to the current I_LEDthrough

LED. In closed-loop condition, V_RSis equal to the reference level V_REF, so the LED current I_LEDis equal

to the reference voltage V_REFdivided by the current sense resistor R_S.

Setting V_REFto 1V and R_Sequals 20Ω, the LED current I_LEDis equal to 50mA.

Power dissipation on R_Sis around 50mW, I²R = (50mA)²× 20Ω, which is reasonable compared to total

LED power.

2.11.3 Boost Converter

The switching regulator MC34063 from On Semiconductor is a monolithic circuit containing the primary

functions required for DC-to-DC converters. It can be incorporated in boost converter application with

minimum number of external components.

Boost Converter Calculations:

Output voltage V_OUT> (V_LEDx 8) + V_RS+ V_DROP(set maximum linear drop to 2 V)

Output current Iout > 50 mA x 3

Set V_in= 12 V, V_out= 30 V, and I_out= 175 mA

Refer to equations in Figure 2-4 to calculate the values for inductor and other external components.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

LED Driver Design Procedures

Figure 2-4. Equations for Boost Converter

V_sat= Saturation voltage of the output switch.

V_F= Forward voltage drop of the output rectifier.

V_in- Nominal input voltage.

_out- Desired output voltage.

I_out- Desired output current.

_min- Minimum desired output switching frequency.

_ripple(pp)- Desired peak-to-peak output ripple voltage.

For further information, refer to On Semiconductor’s datasheet.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Hardware Description

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Chapter 3

Firmware Description

3.1 Introduction

The MCU firmware in this LED lighting control design is responsible for:

•

Controlling timer channels for the RGB LED color PWM output

Communicating with the host PC for receiving command and data input/output

Operating as a standalone LED box through on board buttons

Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 shows the firmware flow. The LED box can operate in PC control operation

mode or standalone operation mode.

Initialization

PC Control Mode

Operation?

*Standalone demo box

without PC control

Yes

Display control menu through

SCI

Enable I/O for PCB button

detection

Any PCB button

pressed?

Valid command from PC?

Yes

Process commands and adjust PWM

output

Adjust PWM output according to button

event

Figure 3-1. Firmware Flow: Main Program

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Firmware Description

PWM value input to one channel

Auto White balance?

Yes

Prompt for green channel PWM input and calculate the

two remaining channels’ PWM values according to

existing color temperature

Get the other two channel

values from user input

Adjust PWM width in next PWM cycle

Figure 3-2. Firmware Flow: PWM Adjustment

3.2 PC Control Mode

Every time the MCU is powered up, the firmware detects the status of SW1. The LED lighting control box

is operated in PC control mode if SW1 is not being pressed.

In this mode, you control the LED output through the host PC. The MCU uses the serial communication

interface (SCI) module to communicate to the COM port of the host PC.

After entering this mode, the MCU sends out a number of string characters to the PC COM port. These

strings are the contents of the user interface menu displayed in the PC screen. This user interface menu

guides you on how to control the LED box by different function keys. The MCU also sends out existing

PWM control parameters to the host for display. For examples, parameters such as existing RGB PWM

output values, white balance mode, and PWM frequency are displayed. Figure 3-3 shows the PC screen

for the user control menu.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

PC Control Mode

Figure 3-3. User Interface Menu

When the MCU receives a control command or PWM input data from the PC, the firmware interprets the

information to take the corresponding actions. It may update the output PWM values in next PWM duty

or delivery of the corresponding LED control parameter back to the PC. Three timer channels in the

timer 1 module are configured to edge-aligned PWM operation mode. This generates the PWM signals

for the RGB color channels.

By the proper control of the RGB channel PWM, the LED box can provide different lighting effects.

If you select the white balance mode to AUTO, the LED output gives a white color output. The firmware

retains control of the RGB PWM ratio based on the preset white color. You can adjust the output

brightness by pressing the + or − key in the host PC keyboard. Alternatively, you can input a green

channel PWM value and the firmware calculates the blue and red PWM values to give the resultant

intensity.

A demonstration display feature is available. After enabling this feature, the firmware adjusts RGB PWM

so the light box switches among different preset colors, delivery fade in and fade out lighting effects, etc.

You can also set the PWM to different frequencies. At a lower PWM frequency, such as 30 Hz, the flicking

phenomenon is more noticeable. This phenomenon can be minimized or removed by setting the PWM

frequency to a higher value.

There are examples at the end of this section showing how to control the LED box through the host PC.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Firmware Description

3.3 Standalone Mode

When the LED box is powered up with SW1 being pressed, it enters standalone mode. When compared

to the PC control mode, this standalone mode can act as a quick and simple demo that does not require

a host PC. The control of the LED light box can be done through the onboard buttons. However, the PC

control mode can have more control on the PWM output.

The functions of the buttons are as follows:

•

SW6 (IRQ): Demonstration Display Enable/Disable

If SW6 is pressed, the LED box enters the demonstration display state where certain preset colors

display sequentially with some other lighting effects. The demonstration mode can be exit by

pressing SW6 again.

•

SW1: Preset Colors Toggle

Whenever SW1 has been pressed and released, the LED box toggles to another preset color. The

LED1 lights up while LED2 turns off.

SW2: Auto White Balance Control

If SW2 has been pressed, the LED box turns to auto white balance state and give a white color.

The small on board LED2 lights up while LED1 turns off, indicating an auto white balance state.

There are two preset white color with different color temperatures available for selection. To swap

between different preset color temperatures, press the SW2 button once more. The auto white

balance state can be turn off by pressing SW1.

•

SW3: Decrease Brightness

The output brightness increases if SW3 has been pressed.

SW4: Increase Brightness

The output brightness decreases if SW4 has been pressed.

SW1+SW2: PWM Frequency Selection

The Output PWM Frequency can be changed with following steps:

1. Press and hold SW1

2. Press SW2

3. Release SW2

4. Release SW1

After performing the above action, the output PWM frequency can be changed. There are three

preset settings available, 30 Hz, 120 Hz, and 600 Hz. For examples, after changing from 30 Hz to

120 Hz using above steps, it can set the PWM to 600 Hz by applying the above steps again.

NOTE

The output brightness is changed after changing the frequency. As the

PWM output values remain the same, a change in PWM frequency modifies

the PWM duty as well.

The PWM frequency selection steps above are invalid if the LED box is

running at demonstration display state. In addition, the PWM frequency is

changed to the default value of 120 Hz after the demonstration display state

has been exited by pressing SW6.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Firmware Files

3.4 Firmware Files

Below is a list of the C files in the firmware

Main.c

•

Programs entry point and determination of operation mode, i.e. PC control mode or standalone

operation mode

•

System initialization

Common functions used in different firmware modules

Menu.c

•

Takes care of high level user interface communication with the PC host.

Interprets the received PC commands or data and initiate the corresponding action. The user

interface menu contents can be modified or edited in this file.

SCI.c

•

Takes care of low level SCI hardware for communication between the PC. Functions that

accessing the SCI registers are included in this file.

•

String management for input and output functions used in the Menu.c

ISR.c

•

Interrupt services routines for different hardware modules

Timer 1 is used for the PWM channels for the three RGB output color

Timer 2 is used for generating a periodical interrupt that used in the demonstration display feature

IRQ interrupts for enabling or disabling of demonstration display in the standalone operation mode.

KBI interrupts for on board buttons detection

Functions for generating certain display effects are included in this file

Keyinput.c

•

For operation of standalone mode without the host PC

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Firmware Description

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Chapter 4

Demo Setup

4.1 Introduction

This section shows how to connect the DEMO9S08AW60LED board to your PC, run the demo program,

and how to program the board with the source code. The source code can be download from the

Freescale website.

4.2 Hardware and Software Setup

The DEMO9S08AW60LED is shipped with the demo program stored in on-chip flash memory. Use

Figure 2-2 as a guide to do the setup.

4.2.1 Hardware Setup

1. Check the jumper setting and make sure jumper JP1 on DEMO9S08AW60LED board is set to the

5V (2-3) position.

2. Connect the 2x5 pin ribbon flat cable at LED light box to connector CON3 on

DEMO9S08AW60LED board.

3. Connect a serial cable to the PC or notebook and then to the DEMO9S08AW60LED board.

4. Power up the demo through the DC jack connector CON1 on DEMO9S08AW60LED board. The

supply voltage is 12V DC and LED D5 should be on.

5. Press SW5 to reset the MCU. The LED light box demo enters PC control mode. (Make sure SW1

is not pressed during reset.)

4.2.2 PC Software Setup

1. Open up a terminal window from within Windows XP by clicking on Start → All Programs →

Accessories → Communications → HyperTerminal

2. Give your terminal connection a name (such as AW60_Control) and click the OK button.

3. In the Connect using pulldown, select the COM port you connected your serial cable to, and click

the OK button.

4. In the Port Settings window, click the OK button after entering the following settings:

Bits per second: 9600

Data bits: 8

Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow control: None

5. Make sure Echo typed characters locally is NOT selected under the ASCII Setup pop-up menu,

see Figure 4-1.

6. After configuring HyperTerminal, the LED Control Menu screen appears as shown in Figure 4-2.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Demo Setup

Figure 4-1. Echo Typed Characters Setting

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Demo Examples

Figure 4-2. LED Control Menu

NOTE

Make sure the HyperTerminal window is selected all the time by moving the

mouse pointer inside the window and clicking the left mouse button (the top

color bar of the terminal window is then blue instead of grey). Otherwise, no

function key command is sent to the LED lightbox.

4.3 Demo Examples

Several examples are given here on showing how to use the LED box under the PC control.

4.3.1 Demo 1 - Demonstration Display

1. Press the reset button SW5 on DEMO9S08AW60LED board. The LED control menu screen

appears (Figure 4-2).

2. Press letter D in the PC keyboard to enter demonstration display operation.

3. In this display state, the LED light box switches among different colors automatically and delivers

other lighting effects.

NOTE

Press any other key to exit demonstration display. Press D to enter

demonstration display again.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Demo Setup

4.3.2 Demo 2 - Preset Colors Display

1. Press the tab key in the PC keyboard.

2. The output is switched to another preset color after the tab key has been pressed each time.

NOTE

You can adjust the output color any time through the control menu.

4.3.3 Demo 3 - Auto White Balance Control

1. Press F until PWM frequency is set to 120 Hz.

2. Press W to toggle to AUTO white balance control.

3. Type 2000 at line of input green. The green PWM output value should then show 2000.

4. The red and blue PWM values are adjusted automatically to keep the output at the existing color

temperature.

Note:

Pressing T can change the output to another preset color temperature.

Pressing the + or − key can gradually increase or decrease the output

intensity. Use the + or − keys from the main keyboard area instead of those

near the NUM lock key pad.

Max PWM input range is decreased if setting to a higher PWM frequency.

4.3.4 Demo 4 - PWM Output Frequency Control

1. Press W to toggle the output to AUTO mode.

2. Pressing F can switch the PWM output among different preset frequencies.

3. The flicking phenomenon is more significant at the lower frequency such as at 30 Hz. The flicking

can be removed by setting PWM to higher frequencies.

NOTE

The output brightness is changed after changing the frequency. As the

PWM output values remain the same, a change in PWM frequency modifies

the PWM duty as well.

As the frequency increases, the max allowable PWM input range

decreases because the PWM value for 100% on-duty becomes smaller.

4.3.5 Demo 5 - Full Manual Control

1. Press F until PWM frequency change to 120Hz

2. Press W to toggle the output to MANUAL mode.

3. Press R to switch to manual red channel input.

4. Type 2000 at the Input red line.

5. Press G to switch to manual green channel input.

6. Type 0000 at the Input green line.

7. Press B to switch to manual blue channel input.

8. Type 2000 at the input blue line.

9. The output color is purple. You can repeat the steps with different PWM values for different output

colors and intensities.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Program the MCU Flash

NOTE

Max PWM input range is decreased when setting to a higher PWM

frequency. With the same PWM values, increasing frequency (i.e. shorter

period) increases brightness because the PWM on-duty increases.

When typing HEX PWM input values, use only capital letters for the input

of A–F.

4.4 Program the MCU Flash

The DEMO9S08AW60LED board allows you to program the MCU flash and debug applications via the

BDM connection.

1. Download the source code file from Freescale web site, save it to your PC, and extract the files to

a working directory on your machine.

2. Open CodeWarrior HC(S)08 v5.1 and open the LED_box.mcp project file.

3. Open main.c in the sources folder by clicking the plus sign next to the sources folder and then

double clicking on main.c. This is the application code.

4. Connect the BDM cable from your development tools to the DEMO9S08AW60LED board (CON8).

5. Connect a serial cable to the PC and then to the DEMO9S08AW60LED board.

6. Power up the demo through the DC jack connector CON1 on DEMO9S08AW60LED board.

7. Open up a terminal window from within Windows XP by clicking on Start → All Programs →

Accessories → Communications → HyperTerminal

8. Give your terminal connection a name (such as AW60_Control) and click the OK button.

9. In the Connect using pulldown, select the COM port you connected your serial cable to, and click

the OK button.

10. In the Port Settings window, click the OK button after entering the following settings:

Bits per second: 9600

Data bits: 8

Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow control: None.

11. In the Freescale CodeWarrior window, click on Debug under Project in the menu bar or press F5.

The True-Time Simulator and Real-Time Debugger interface window appears.

12. When the ICD Connection Assistant appears, click the Connect button.

13. When the Erase and Program Flash window appears, click the yes button.

14. The CPROGHCS08 Programmer window should close after the MCU flash is programmed. To run

the source code, click on Start/Continue under Run in the menu bar or click the green arrow.

4.5 Troubleshooting

1. V_DDLED does not turn on

Make sure jumper JP1 is set to the 5V (2-3) position.

2. The light box does not display any color

Make sure the 2x5 pin ribbon flat cable at LED light box is installed properly to the

DEMO9S08AW60LED board.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Demo Setup

Repeat the PC software setup procedures again.

3. Control menu contents are not correct

Make sure the COM port selection is correct.

Check the Port Settings again and make sure the configurations are correct.

4. User input does not be detected correctly

Make sure the HyperTerminal Window is being selected all the time.

When typing HEX PWM input values, use ONLY CAPITAL letter for the input of A–F.

Use the + or − keys from the main keyboard area instead of those near the NUM lock key pad.

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Appendix A

Schematics

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Appendix B

Bill of Materials

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Table 4-1 BOM for AW60 Control Board

Part Description

SMD RESISTOR

Quantity Value

Designators

R1 R3-7

510

820

R8 R9 R11 R14-16 R28 R30 R34 R36 R40

R42 R46 R48 R52 R54 R58 R60 R64 R66

SMD RESISTOR

open

10K

R70 R72 R74-76

R32 R12 R37-38 R17-18 R43-44 R49-50

R22 R55-56 R61-62 R25-26 R67-68 R13

R73 R31

R35 R23 R59 R24 R47 R65 R20 R41 R71

R21 R29 R10 R53

R19

R69 R27 R63 R51 R57 R39 R45 R33

C4 C6-8 C12-14 C16 C22 C27

C9-10

SMD RESISTOR

68K

100nF

NO_POP

22pF

1nF

1uF

SMD RESISTOR

SMD CER CAPACITOR

SMD TAN CAP

C33

C18-20 C15 C23-25 C17 C28-32 C34-36

C11 C21 C26

SMD TAN CAP

10uF

SMD TAN CAP

47uF

ECAP

100uF (25V)

22uF (50V)

2.54mm HEADER

2x3 Pin (2.54mm Pitch)

2x5 Pin (2.54mm Pitch with

polarity)

CON8

2.54mm HEADER

CON3

2.5mm CONNECTOR BASE

JUMPER

1x2 Pin (2.5mm Pitch) NO_POP

3 PIN (2.5mm Pitch) Short 2-3

1x2 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)

1x4 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)

1x6 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)

1x8 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity)

CON1

JP1

2mm CONNECTOR BASE

CON12

CON4-6

CON7

CON10

CON11

2mm CONNECTOR BASE

DB9 HORIZ FEMALE PCB

CONNECTOR

DC JACK CONNECTOR

SMD TACT SW

Plastic POST

Crystal

LED

FUSE

QUAD OP AMP

SERIAL PORT

DRIVER/RECEIVER

ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE

REGULATOR

1x10 Pin (2mm Pitch with polarity) CON13

DB9 HORIZ FEMALE PCB

CONNECTOR

12V DC JACK

5mm x 5mm

3-4mm Height

16MHz (3.5mm Height)

SMD GREEN

CON2

SW1-6

H1-4

D1-5

SMD FUSE 1A

LM324 (SO14 Package)

U5-6

MAX3232CUE TSSOP16

LM317 (D2PAK)

LM7805 (D2PAK)

MC9S08AW60CFGE (LQFP44)

5 VOLT REGULATOR

MCU

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

Table 4-2 BOM for LED Driving Board

Part Description

SMD RESISTOR

Quantity Value

Designators

R1-2 R10-12

R3 R14

52K

2K2

0.22

180

open

510

1K5

510

R13

R15 R17-18 R22 R24-25 R29

R31-32

R19 R26 R33

R27-28 R21 R20 R34-35

R30 R16 R23

R36-R39

SMD RESISTOR

SMD CER CAPACITOR

High Volt SMD CER

CAPACITOR

10K

3K9

100nF

560pF

10nF

C2 C7-8 C11

C12-14

100nF (50V)

10uF

100uF (50V)

SMD 200uH (1A)

SMD GREEN

SMD TAN CAP

ECAP

INDUCTOR Coil

LED

C1 C9-10

C4-5

N-CHANNEL MOSFET

ZVN2106G (8A, 60V, SOT223)

Q1 Q4 Q7

MMBF0201NL (300mA, 20V, SOT-23) Q6 Q3 Q9

P-CHANNEL MOSFET

SMD SCHOTTKY DIODE

QUAD OP AMP

NTR0202PL (400mA, 20V, SOT-23)

MBRS140 (1A,40V, SMB)

LM324M (SO14 Package)

Q2 Q5 Q8

ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE

REGULATOR

DC-TO-DC CONVERTER

OSRAM LED

LM317M (D2PAK)

MC34063A SO8

RGB LED (6-Pin SMD)

U4-11

with a 70mmx 40mm display

window and mount on the PCB

Plastic Box

SCREW

100mm x 60mm (Black Color)

Use Plastic Box 's screw

Board

H1-4

PLASTIC POST

3M Diffuser Film

3-4mm Height (Paste on bottom side)

Paste 2 sheets under the

100mm x 60mm (Ref number: 3635-70) plastic box cover

2x5 pin flat ribbon cable, 20cm length

FLAT RIBBON CABLE

(2.54mm pitch, one end soldering type) CON1

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

LED Lighting Control using the MC9S08AW60, Rev. 1

Freescale Semiconductor

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DRM093

Rev. 1, 07/2007

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