Agilent Technologies Car Satellite TV System 83434A User Manual

Agilent 83434A

Lightwave Receiver

User’s Guide

General Safety Considerations

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publica-

tion 61010-1, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,

Control, and Laboratory Use, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The

instruction documentation contains information and warnings that must be

followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a

safe condition.

WARNING

If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by

the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a

normal condition ( in which all means for protection are intact) only.

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent 83434A from

mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with

water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean

internally.

WARNING

This is a Safety Class 1 product (provided with a protective earthing

ground incorporated in the power cord) . The mains plug shall only be

inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact.

Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the

product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional

interruption is prohibited.

WARNING

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified

personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only

with same type and ratings (5x20 mm, 1.6 A, 250 V time-delay, low

breaking capacity fuse) . The use of other fuses or materials is

prohibited.

CAUTION

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution

Degree 2 per IEC 61010-1 and 664 respectively.

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the

convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient

temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating

iii

General Safety Considerations

temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the

cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts,

then forced convection must be used.

CAUTION

Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this instrument.

Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause

instrument damage.

Do n ot connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct as

described in Chapter 4, “Specifications and Regulatory Information”. Damage

to the equipment could result.

This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage

is within the specified range.

Measurement accuracy—it’s up to you!

Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables

and accessories. The Agilent 83434A front-panel OPTICAL INPUT connector is no excep-

tion. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive

instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements.

Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the Agilent 83434A, “Fiber-Optic Connec-

tors” on page 3-8.

The Agilent 83434A—At a Glance

The Agilent 83434A 10 Gb/s lightwave receiver is designed to recover clock

data and to provide linear, non-retimed data from digitally modulated SDH/

SONET STM-64/OC-192 optical signals, as well as signals employing forward

error correction (FEC) at 10.664 Gb/s (option 106). The receiver is based on

an amplified PIN receiver to produce a linear output with AGC stabilization.

The receiver is designed to provide –16 dBm sensitivity with PRBS lengths to

2³¹–1 with BER performance of at least 1E-10.

The recovered clock can be used as a trigger input for the Agilent Infiniium

DCA to allow optical eye diagram measurements when no external clock sig-

nal is available for triggering. The recovered clock also provides the required

clock input for the error detector of the Agilent 71612B error performance

analyzer. The non-retimed data output can be used with an error detector to

measure and optimize BER. The output of the receiver is also appropriate for

eye contour and Q-factor measurements.

The Agilent 83434A can be combined with the Agilent 83433A 10 Gb/s light-

wave transmitter to create a complete optical link for system or fiber testing,

or to form a basis for substitution testing of commercial transmitters and

receivers.

Contents

General Safety Considerations iii

The Agilent 83434A —At a Glance v

1 Getting Started

2 Using the Agilent 83434A

Front-Panel Features 2-2

Rear-Panel Features 2-3

Quick Confidence Check 2-4

Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set 2-6

BER Performance V e rification 2-9

3 Reference

Accessories Supplied 3-2

Options 3-3

Replacement Parts 3-4

Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters 3-5

Power Cords 3-7

Fiber-Optic Connectors 3-8

Instrument Service 3-18

4 Specifications and Regulatory Information

Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics 4-3

Regulatory Information 4-6

Contents-1

Contents

Contents-2

Step 1. Inspect the Shipment 1-3

Step 2. Check the Fuse 1-5

Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable 1-6

Step 4. Turn on the Agilent 83434A 1-8

Step 5. Avoid costly repairs 1-9

Step 6. Learn more about our products 1-10

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

This chapter shows you how to install your lightwave receiver. After you’ve

completed this chapter, continue with Chapter 2, “Using the Agilent 83434A”.

Refer to Chapter 3, “Reference” for the following additional information:

• Tips on avoiding costly repairs by proper optical connection cleaning

techniques.

• Lists of available accessories and power cords.

• Instructions on returning your instrument to Agilent Technologies for service.

• Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices.

Chapter 4, “Specifications and Regulatory Information” contains information

on operating conditions, such as temperature.

1-2

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

Step 1. Inspect the Shipment

❍ Inspect the shipping container for damage.

❍ Inspect the instrument.

❍ Verify that you received the accessories you ordered.

Keep the shipping container and cushioning material until you have inspected

the contents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the light-

wave receiver mechanically and electrically.

The lightwave receiver is packed within a carton. Refer to “Instrument Ser-

vice” on page 3-18, for the description and part numbers of the packaging

materials. Refer to “Options” on page 3-3, for the accessories shipped with the

lightwave receiver.

If the shipping materials are in good condition, retain them for possible future

use. You may wish to ship the lightwave receiver to another location or return

it to Agilent Technologies for service. Refer to “Instrument Service” on

page 3-18.

If anything is missing or defective, or if the lightwave receiver does not pass

the verification test, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office. If

the shipment was damaged, contact the carrier, then contact the nearest Agi-

1-3

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

lent Technologies Sales Office. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s

inspection. The Agilent Sales Office will arrange for repair or replacement at

Agilent Technologies’ option without waiting for claim settlement.

Serial numbers

Agilent Technologies makes frequent improvements to its products to

enhance their performance, usability, or reliability, and to control costs. Agi-

lent service personnel have access to complete records of design changes to

each type of equipment, based on the equipment’s serial number. Whenever

you contact Agilent about your lightwave receiver, have the complete serial

number available to ensure obtaining the most complete and accurate infor-

mation possible.

A serial-number label is attached to the rear of the lightwave receiver. It con-

tains the serial number and the options installed in the lightwave receiver.

Whenever you specify the serial number or refer to it in obtaining information

about your lightwave receiver, be sure to use the complete number.

1-4

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

Step 2. Check the Fuse

1 Locate the line-input connector on the instrument’s rear panel.

2 Disconnect the line-power cable if it is connected.

3 Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to pry open the fuse holder door.

4 The fuse is housed in a small container. Insert the tip of a screwdriver on the

side of the container and gently pull outward to remove the container. A spare

fuse is stored below the line fuse.

WARNING

For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only

with same type and ratings (5×20 mm, 1.6 A, 250 V time-delay, low

breaking capacity fuse) . The use of other fuses or materials is

prohibited.

1-5

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable

CAUTION

Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this instrument.

Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause

instrument damage.

CAUTION

Do not connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct as

described in the following paragraphs. Damage to the equipment could result.

This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage

is within the specified range.

1-6

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

1 Verify that the line power meets the requirements shown in the following table.

Line Power Requirements

Power

115 VAC: 50 Watts MAX

230 VAC: 50 Watts MAX

Voltage

nominal: 115 VAC range:90–132 V

nominal:230 VACrange:98–254 V

Frequency

nominal:50 Hz/60 Hzrange:47–63 Hz

2 Connect the line-power cord to the rear-panel connector of the instrument.

3 Connect the other end of the line-power cord to the power receptacle.

Various power cables are available to connect the Agilent 83434A to ac power

outlets unique to specific geographic areas. The cable appropriate for the area

to which the Agilent 83434A is originally shipped is included with the unit. You

can order additional ac power cables for use in different geographic areas.

Refer to “Power Cords” on page 3-7.

1-7

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

Step 4. Turn on the Agilent 83434A

With the power cable inserted into the line module, turn the lightwave

receiver on by pressing the line switch. The green light-emitting diode (LED)

should light.

NOTE

The front panel LINE switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after

the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument.

If the Agilent 83434A fails to turn on properly, consider the following possibili-

ties:

❍ Is the line fuse good?

❍ Does the line socket have power?

❍ Is it plugged into the proper ac power source?

If the instrument still fails, return it to Agilent Technologies for repair. Refer to

“Instrument Service” on page 3-18

1-8

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

Step 5. Avoid costly repairs

CAUTION

Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or

damaged cables and accessories. The front-panel connectors of the

Agilent 83434A are no exception. When you use improper cleaning and

handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables,

and compromised measurements. Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to

the Agilent 83434A, refer to “Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8.

1-9

Getting Started

Setting Up the Agilent 83434A

Step 6. Learn more about our products

To learn more about Agilent Technologies products, visit our website at

http://ww w .agilent.com.

If you wish to find out more about your new lightwave receiver, use the key-

word “83434A” in your search.

1-10

Front-Panel Features 2-2

Rear-Panel Features 2-3

Quick Confidence Check 2-4

Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set 2-6

BER Performance Verification 2-9

Using the Agilent 83434A

Front-Panel Features

Figure 2-1. The Agilent 83434A front panel.

CLOCK OUT

DATA OUT

OPTICAL IN

Output is nominally 9.95328 GHz or 10.66423 GHz (option

106).

Provides an amplified, non-retimed signal corresponding to

the incoming data stream.

Maximum signal input is 0 dBm, damage level input is +7

dBm. This input accepts any of the Agilent 81000-series

connector interface adapters.

INPUT PRESENT

Indicates the presence of sufficient optical power.

2-2

Using the Agilent 83434A

Rear-Panel Features

Figure 2-2. The Agilent 83434A rear panel.

2-3

Using the Agilent 83434A

Quick Confidence Check

This procedure verifies the basic functionality of the lightwave receiver. The

following equipment is used:

• Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver

• Pattern generator

• Clock source

• Optical oscilloscope

• Optical source

Note

Before starting be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-

dures describe in “Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8.

1 Turn on the Agilent 83434A and let it warm up for 30 minutes.

2 Connect the output of the optical source (1300–1600 nm, ≥ –16 dBm,

modulated at 9953.28 Mb/s or, for option 106, 10664.23 Mb/s) to the OPTICAL

INPUT of the Agilent 83434A. The INPUT PRESENT LED should turn on.

3 Connect the CLOCK OUT and DATA OUT of the Agilent 83434A to the input of an

oscilloscope.

4 Check for clock and data waveforms.

2-4

Using the Agilent 83434A

Quick Confidence Check

If the verification check fails

If the lightwave receiver does not pass the verification check, you should

review the procedure being performed when the problem occurred. A few

minutes spent performing some simple checks may save waiting for your

instrument to be repaired. Before calling Agilent Technologies or returning

the unit for service, please make the following checks:

1 Is the line fuse good?

2 Does the line socket have power?

3 Is the unit plugged in to the proper ac power source?

4 Is the unit turned on? Verify the green light-emitting diode (LED) next to the

line switch is on, indicating that the power supply is on.

5 If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with the lightwave

receiver, are they connected properly and operating correctly?

6 Review the procedure for the test being performed when the problem

appeared. Are all the settings correct?

7 Are the connectors clean? Refer to “Cleaning Connectors” on page 3-15 for

more information about cleaning the connectors.

If the lightwave receiver still fails, you can:

Return the lightwave receiver to Agilent Technologies for repair. If the light-

wave receiver is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent Technologies

maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or

contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the lightwave receiver

is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies

maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair

after examining the unit. Refer to “Instrument Service” on page 3-18 for more

information.

WARNING

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified

personnel. To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers.

2-5

Using the Agilent 83434A

Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set

Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio

Test Set

The following procedure describes how to connect the lightwave receiver to a

bit-error-ratio test set (B ERT ). R efer to Figure 2-3 on page 2-7.

Note

Before starting, be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-

dures describe in“Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8.

2-6

Using the Agilent 83434A

Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set

Figure 2-3. Connecting the Agilent 83434A to a bit-error-ratio test system.

1 Turn the lightwave receiver on. Let it warm up for 30 minutes.

2 Turn on the BERT and the laser and let them warm up according to their

specifications.

3 Perform any calibrations indicated in the documentation for the BERT.

4 Connect a cable from the CLOCK OUT connector on the lightwave receiver to the

clock input connector of the BERT. An adapter may be necessary.

5 Connect a cable from the DATA OUT connector on the lightwave receiver to the

data input connector on the BERT. An adapter may be necessary.

6 Clean the end of the OPTICAL INPUTglass fiber on the lightwave receiver and both

ends of the glass fiber cable. Refer to “Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8 for

instructions.

7 Connect the optical connector interface to the OPTICAL INPUT. Notice the

connector interface has a small protrusion. This protrusion fits in the slot of the

OPTICAL INPUT connector.

8 Connect the cable to the receiver optical connector interface.

2-7

Using the Agilent 83434A

Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set

9 Connect the laser source to the fiber optic cable.

2-8

Using the Agilent 83434A

BER Performance Verification

This procedure verifies BER performance of the of the Agilent 83434A light-

wave receiver with the Agilent 83433A and 71612B.

The following equipment is used:

• Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver

• Agilent 83433A lightwave transmitter

• Agilent 71612B Bit Error Rate Tester

• Optical attenuator

• Optical multimeter

Note

Before starting, be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-

dures describe in “Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8.

2-9

Using the Agilent 83434A

BER Performance Verification

1 Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4. Setup to perform BER performance verification of the 83434A

2-10

Using the Agilent 83434A

BER Performance Verification

2 Set the Agilent 71612B as follows:

CLOCK OUTPUT

SIG GEN FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9953.28 MHZ

SIG GEN FREQ (for 83434 option 106) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10664.23 MHZ

DATA OUTPUT

Ext AC COUPLED

DATA AMPLITUDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 V

PATTERN

PRBS

2 ³¹–1

3 Disable WAVELENGTH ADJUST on the 83433A.

4 Turn on the 83433A laser.

5 Adjust the optical attenuator for a maximum of 0 dBm and a minimum of

–16 dbm at the output of the attenuator.

6 Set the Agilent 71612B as follows:

INPUT & EYE

0/1 THR CENTER

CLK/DATA ALIGN

GATING

RUN GATING

7 Verify that the 71612B reports zero errors.

2-11

Using the Agilent 83434A

BER Performance Verification

2-12

Accessories Supplied 3-2

Options 3-3

Replacement Parts 3-4

Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters 3-5

Power Cords 3-7

Fiber-Optic Connectors 3-8

Choosing the Right Connector 3-8

Inspecting Connectors 3-11

Cleaning Connectors 3-15

Instrument Service 3-18

Preparing the Instrument for Shipping 3-19

Agilent TechnologiesService Offices 3-21

Reference

Accessories Supplied

The Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver is shipped with:

• FC/PC connector interface on the optical input of the lightwave receiver unless

a different option was ordered. Refer to “Agilent 83434A Options” on page 3-3

for a complete list of the available connector interfaces.

• Agilen t 83434A Lightwave Receiver User’s Gu ide, Agilent part number

83434-90005.

Available

The Fiber Optics Handbook, Agilent part number 5952-9654, is an introduc-

seperately

tion and reference for fiber-optic measurements.

3-2

Reference

Options

Table 3-1. Agilent 83434A Options

Option

Description

Option 011

Diamond (HMS-10) connector interface on

the optical input of the lightwave receiver

Option 013

Option 014

Option 017

Option 106

DIN connector interface on the optical

input of the lightwave receiver

ST connector interface on the optical input

of the lightwave receiver

SC connector interface on the optical input

of the lightwave receiver

For FEC signals, substitutes clock recovery

at 10.644 GHz

3-3

Reference

Replacement Parts

Table 3-2. Replacement Parts

Description

Agilent Part Number

APC 3.5 F-to-F (connector saver)

APC 3.5 50 ohm termination

FC/PC connector interface

5061-5311

1810-0118

81000FI

3-4

Reference

Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters

Table 3-3. Front Panel Fiber-Optic Adaptes (1 of 2)

Front Panel

Fiber-Optic

Adapter

Description

Agilent Part Number

81000AI

Diamond HMS-10

81000FI

FC/PC

81000GI

81000KI

DIN

81000SI

81000VI

Biconic

81000WI

Dust Covers

FC connector

1005-0594

1005-0593

1005-0595

Diamond HMS-10 connector

DIN connector

3-5

Reference

Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters

Table 3-3. Front Panel Fiber-Optic Adaptes (2 of 2)

Front Panel

Fiber-Optic

Adapter

Description

Agilent Part Number

ST connector

SC connector

1005-0596

1005-0597

a. The FC/PC adapter is the standard adapter supplied with the instrument.

3-6

Reference

Power Cords

Length

(in/cm)

Plug Type

Cable Part No. Plug Description

Color

Country

250V

8120-1351

8120-1703

Straight *BS1363A

90°

90/228

Gray

Mint Gray

United Kingdom,

Cyprus, Nigeria, Zimba-

bwe, Singapore

250V

8120-1369

8120-0696

Straight *NZSS198/ASC

90°

79/200

87/221

Gray

Australia, New Zealand

Mint Gray

8120-1689

8120-1692

8120-2857p

Straight *CEE7-Y11

90°

Straight (Shielded)

79/200

Mint Gray

Coco Brown

East and West Europe,

Saudi Arabia, So.

Africa, India (unpolar-

ized in many nations)

125V

8120-1378

8120-1521

8120-1992

Straight *NEMA5-15P

90°

Straight (Medical) UL544

90/228

96/244

Jade Gray

Black

United States, Canada,

Mexico, Philippines,

Taiwan

250V

220V

8120-2104

8120-2296

Straight *SEV1011

1959-24507

Type 12 90°

79/200

Mint Gray

Switzerland

Denmark

8120-2956

8120-2957

Straight *DHCK107

90°

79/200

Mint Gray

250V

100V

8120-4211

8120-4600

Straight SABS164

90°

79/200

Jade Gray

Dark Gray

Republic of South

Africa

India

8120-4753

8120-4754

Straight MITI

90°

90/230

Japan

* Part number shown for plug is the industry identifier for the plug only. Number shown for cable is the Agilent

Technologies part number for the complete cable including the plug.

3-7

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

Today, advances in measurement capabilities make connectors and connec-

tion techniques more important than ever. Damage to the connectors on cali-

bration and verification devices, test ports, cables, and other devices can

degrade measurement accuracy and damage instruments. Replacing a dam-

aged connector can cost thousands of dollars, not to mention lost time! This

expense can be avoided by observing the simple precautions presented in this

book. This book also contains a brief list of tips for caring for electrical connec-

tors.

Choosing the Right Connector

A critical but often overlooked factor in making a good lightwave measure-

ment is the selection of the fiber-optic connector. The differences in connec-

tor types are mainly in the mechanical assembly that holds the ferrule in

position against another identical ferrule. Connectors also vary in the polish,

curve, and concentricity of the core within the cladding. Mating one style of

cable to another requires an adapter. Agilent Technologies offers adapters for

most instruments to allow testing with many different cables. Figure 3-1 on

page 3-9 shows the basic components of a typical connectors.

The system tolerance for reflection and insertion loss must be known when

selecting a connector from the wide variety of currently available connectors.

Some items to consider when selecting a connector are:

• How much insertion loss can be allowed?

• Will the connector need to make multiple connections? Some connectors are

better than others, and some are very poor for making repeated connections.

• What is the reflection tolerance? Can the system take reflection degradation?

• Is an instrument-grade connector with a precision core alignment required?

• Is repeatability tolerance for reflection and loss important? Do your specifica-

3-8

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

tions take repeatability uncertainty into account?

• Will a connector degrade the return loss too much, or will a fusion splice be re-

quired? For example, many DFB lasers cannot operate with reflections from

connectors. Often as much as 90 dB isolation is needed.

Figure 3-1. Basic components of a connector.

Over the last few years, the FC/PC style connector has emerged as the most

popular connector for fiber-optic applications. While not the highest perform-

ing connector, it represents a good compromise between performance, reli-

ability, and cost. If properly maintained and cleaned, this connector can

withstand many repeated connections.

However, many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most

connectors, including the FC/PC style, can deliver. These instruments cannot

tolerate connectors with the large non-concentricities of the fiber common

with ceramic style ferrules. When tighter alignment is required, Agilent

Technologies instruments typically use a connector such as the Diamond

HMS-10, which has concentric tolerances within a few tenths of a micron. Agi-

lent Technologies then uses a special universal adapter, which allows other

cable types to mate with this precision connector. See Figure 3-2.

3-9

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

Figure 3-2. Universal adapters to Diamond HMS-10.

The HMS-10 encases the fiber within a soft nickel silver (Cu/Ni/Zn) center

which is surrounded by a tough tungsten carbide casing, as shown in

Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3. Cross-section of the Diamond HMS-10 connector.

The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber

to be moved to the desired position. This process first stakes the soft nickel

silver to fix the fiber in a near-center location, then uses a post-active staking

to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0.2 µm. This process, plus the

keyed axis, allows very precise core-to-core alignments. This connector is

found on most Agilent Technologies lightwave instruments.

3-10

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

The soft core, while allowing precise centering, is also the chief liability of the

connector. The soft material is easily damaged. Care must be taken to mini-

mize excessive scratching and wear. While minor wear is not a problem if the

glass face is not affected, scratches or grit can cause the glass fiber to move

out of alignment. Also, if unkeyed connectors are used, the nickel silver can be

pushed onto the glass surface. Scratches, fiber movement, or glass contamina-

tion will cause loss of signal and increased reflections, resulting in poor return

loss.

Inspecting Connectors

Because fiber-optic connectors are susceptible to damage that is not immedi-

ately obvious to the naked eye, poor measurements result without the user

being aware. Microscopic examination and return loss measurements are the

best way to ensure good measurements. Good cleaning practices can help

ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained. With glass-to-

glass interfaces, any degradation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber, any stray

particles, or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector performance.

Where many repeat connections are required, use of a connector saver or

patch cable is recommended.

Figure 3-4 shows the end of a clean fiber-optic cable. The dark circle in the

center of the micrograph is the fiber’s 125 µm core and cladding which carries

the light. The surrounding area is the soft nickel-silver ferrule. Figure 3-5

shows a dirty fiber end from neglect or perhaps improper cleaning. Material is

smeared and ground into the end of the fiber causing light scattering and poor

reflection. Not only is the precision polish lost, but this action can grind off the

glass face and destroy the connector.

Figure 3-6 shows physical damage to the glass fiber end caused by either

repeated connections made without removing loose particles or using

improper cleaning tools. When severe, the damage of one connector end can

be transferred to another good connector endface that comes in contact with

the damaged one. Periodic checks of fiber ends, and replacing connecting

cables after many connections is a wise practice.

The cure for these problems is disciplined connector care as described in the

following list and in “Cleaning Connectors” on page 3-15.

3-11

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when

making measurements on a fiber-optic system:

• Never use metal or sharp objects to clean a connector and never scrape the

connector.

• Avoid matching gel and oils.

Figure 3-4. Clean, problem-free fiber end and ferrule.

Figure 3-5. Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning.

3-12

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

Figure 3-6. Damage from improper cleaning.

While these often work well on first insertion, they are great dirt magnets. The

oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the end of the fiber.

Also, some early gels were designed for use with the FC, non-contacting con-

nectors, using small glass spheres. When used with contacting connectors,

these glass balls can scratch and pit the fiber. If an index matching gel or oil

must be used, apply it to a freshly cleaned connector, make the measurement,

and then immediately clean it off. Never use a gel for longer-term connections

and never use it to improve a damaged connector. The gel can mask the extent

of damage and continued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the

instrument.

• When inserting a fiber-optic cable into a connector, gently insert it in as

straight a line as possible. Tipping and inserting at an angle can scrape material

off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve of connectors

made with ceramic material.

• When inserting a fiber-optic connector into a connector, make sure that the fi-

ber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter.

• Avoid over tightening connections.

Unlike common electrical connections, tighter is n ot better. The purpose of

the connector is to bring two fiber ends together. Once they touch, tightening

only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate fibers. With connec-

tors that have a convex fiber end, the end can be pushed off-axis resulting in

misalignment and excessive return loss. Many measurements are actually

improved by backing off the connector pressure. Also, if a piece of grit does

happen to get by the cleaning procedure, the tighter connection is more likely

to damage the glass. Tighten the connectors just until the two fibers touch.

3-13

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

• Keep connectors covered when not in use.

• Use fusion splices on the more permanent critical nodes. Choose the best con-

nector possible. Replace connecting cables regularly. Frequently measure the

return loss of the connector to check for degradation, and clean every connec-

tor, every time.

All connectors should be treated like the high-quality lens of a good camera.

The weak link in instrument and system reliability is often the inappropriate

use and care of the connector. Because current connectors are so easy to use,

there tends to be reduced vigilance in connector care and cleaning. It takes

only one missed cleaning for a piece of grit to permanently damage the glass

and ruin the connector.

Measuring insertion loss and return loss

Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good indica-

tion that you have good connections. Since return loss and insertion loss are

key factors in determining optical connector performance they can be used to

determine connector degradation. A smooth, polished fiber end should pro-

duce a good return-loss measurement. The quality of the polish establishes

the difference between the “PC” (physical contact) and the “Super PC” con-

nectors. Most connectors today are physical contact which make glass-to-glass

connections, therefore it is critical that the area around the glass core be clean

and free of scratches. Although the major area of a connector, excluding the

glass, may show scratches and wear, if the glass has maintained its polished

smoothness, the connector can still provide a good low level return loss con-

nection.

If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon

receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, you will be able to tell in

the future if any degradation has occurred. Typical values are less than 0.5 dB

of loss, and sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance con-

nectors. Return loss is a measure of reflection: the less reflection the better

(the larger the return loss, the smaller the reflection). The best physically

contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB, although 30 to

40 dB is more common.

3-14

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

Visual inspection of fiber ends

Visual inspection of fiber ends can be helpful. Contamination or imperfections

on the cable end face can be detected as well as cracks or chips in the fiber

itself. Use a microscope (100X to 200X magnification) to inspect the entire

end face for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the metal as well as any

other imperfections. Inspect the fiber for cracks and chips. Visible imperfec-

tions not touching the fiber core may not affect performance (unless the

imperfections keep the fibers from contacting).

WARNING

Always remove both ends of fiber-optic cables from any instrument,

system, or device before visually inspecting the fiber ends. Disable all

optical sources before disconnecting fiber-optic cables. Failure to do

so may result in permanent injury to your eyes.

Cleaning Connectors

The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiber-

optic cables and Agilent Technologies universal adapters. The initial cleaning,

using the alcohol as a solvent, gently removes any grit and oil. If a caked-on

layer of material is still present, (this can happen if the beryllium-copper sides

of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during

insertion of the cable), a second cleaning should be performed. It is not

uncommon for a cable or connector to require more than one cleaning.

CAUTION

Agilent Technologies strongly recommends that index matching compounds

not be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as

gels, may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If you

think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound

manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.

Table 3-4. Cleaning Accessories

Item

Agilent Part Number

Any commercially available denatured alcohol

Cotton swabs

—

8520-0023

9300-1223

8500-5262

Small foam swabs

Compressed dust remover (non-residue)

3-15

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

Table 3-5. Dust Caps Provided with Lightwave Instruments

Item

Agilent Part Number

Laser shutter cap

FC/PC dust cap

Biconic dust cap

DIN dust cap

08145-64521

08154-44102

08154-44105

5040-9364

HMS10/dust cap

ST dust cap

5040-9361

5040-9366

To clean a non-lensed connector

CAUTION

Do not use any type of foam swab to clean optical fiber ends. Foam swabs can

leave filmy deposits on fiber ends that can degrade performance.

1 Apply pure isopropyl alcohol to a clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain on the fiber end

after cleaning.

2 Clean the ferrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of

the fiber.

3 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

4 Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper.

Do not scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the

swab and become a gouging element.

5 Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean, dry, lint-free cotton swab or lens

paper.

6 Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using

filtered, dry, compressed air. Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the

fiber end face.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used.

3-16

Reference

Fiber-Optic Connectors

CAUTION

Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases

particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the

compressed air canister.

7 As soon as the connector is dry, connect or cover it for later use.

If the performance, after the initial cleaning, seems poor try cleaning the con-

nector again. Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance. The

second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action.

To clean an adapter

The fiber-optic input and output connectors on many Agilent Technologies

instruments employ a universal adapter such as those shown in the following

picture. These adapters allow you to connect the instrument to different types

of fiber-optic cables.

Figure 3-7. Universal adapters.

1 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a clean foam swab.

Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain after cleaning. The

foam swabs listed in this section’s introduction are small enough to fit into

adapters.

Although foam swabs can leave filmy deposits, these deposits are very thin, and

the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly out-

weighs the risk of contamination by foam swabs.

2 Clean the adapter with the foam swab.

3 Dry the inside of the adapter with a clean, dry, foam swab.

4 Blow through the adapter using filtered, dry, compressed air.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used. Do not shake, tip,

or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can

into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.

3-17

Reference

Instrument Service

Before returning your instrument for servicing, you may want to refer to the

Agilent website, www.agilent.com (quick search “83434A”). It contains appli-

cation notes and frequently asked questions (FAQ) specific to the 83434A that

may answer many of your questions.

If you continue to experience difficulties, please call the Agilent Technologies

Instrument Support Center to initiate service before returning your instru-

ment to a service office. This ensures that the repair (or calibration) can be

properly tracked and that your instrument will be returned to you as quickly

as possible. Call this number regardless of where you are located.

Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center . . . . . . . . . .1(800) 403-0801

After you have initiated service by calling the Agilent Technologies Instrument

Support Center, contact your local service office. For a list of offices, refer to

“Agilent TechnologiesService Offices” on page 3-21.

If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent

Technologies maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the

warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the

instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent

Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the

cost of the repair after examining the unit.

3-18

Reference

Instrument Service

Preparing the Instrument for Shipping

1 Write a complete description of the failure and attach it to the instrument.

Include any specific performance details related to the problem. The following

information should be returned with the instrument.

• Type of service required.

• Date instrument was returned for repair.

• Description of the problem:

• Whether problem is constant or intermittent.

• Whether instrument is temperature-sensitive.

• Whether instrument is vibration-sensitive.

• Instrument settings required to reproduce the problem.

• Performance data.

• Company name and return address.

• Name and phone number of technical contact person.

• Model number of returned instrument.

• Full serial number of returned instrument.

• List of any accessories returned with instrument.

2 Cover all front or rear-panel connectors that were originally covered when you

first received the instrument.

CAUTION

Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic

damage. Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical

contact or dust.

Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the

original materials. Never use styrene pellets as packaging material. They do not

adequately cushion the instrument or prevent it from shifting in the carton.

They may also cause instrument damage by generating static electricity.

3 Pack the instrument in the original shipping containers. Original materials are

available through any Agilent Technologies office. Or, use the following

guidelines:

• Wrap the instrument in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage

caused by electrostatic discharge.

• For instruments weighing less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, cor-

3-19

Reference

Instrument Service

rugated cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength.

• The carton must be large enough to allow approximately 7 cm (3 inches) on

all sides of the instrument for packing material, and strong enough to accom-

modate the weight of the instrument.

• Surround the equipment with approximately 7 cm (3 inches) of packing ma-

terial, to protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton. If

packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D-240 Air Cap™ from

Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, California 90001). Air Cap looks like a

plastic sheet filled with air bubbles. Use the pink (antistatic) Air Cap™ to

reduce static electricity. Wrapping the instrument several times in this ma-

terial will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.

4 Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape.

5 Mark the carton “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE”.

6 Retain copies of all shipping papers.

3-20

Reference

Instrument Service

Agilent TechnologiesService Offices

Before returning an instrument for service, call the Agilent Technologies Instrument

Support Center at 1 (800) 403-0801. If you continue to experience difficulties,

please call one of the numbers listed below.

Agilent Technologies Service Numbers (1 of 2)

Austria

01/25125-7171

32-2-778.37.71

(11) 7297-8600

86 10 6261 3819

45 99 12 88

Belgium

Brazil

China

Denmark

Dominican Republic

Finland

France

(809) 563-6350

358-10-855-2360

01.69.82.66.66

0180/524-6330

080-34 35788

Germany

India

Italy

+39 02 9212 2701

01 615 8222

Ireland

Japan

(81)-426-56-7832

82/2-3770-0400

(5) 258-4826

Korea

Mexico

Netherlands

Norway

Puerto Rico

Russia

020-547 6463

+47 22 73 57 59

(800) 403-0801

+7-095-797-3930

(34/91) 631 1213

Spain

3-21

Reference

Instrument Service

Agilent Technologies Service Numbers (2 of 2)

Sweden

08-5064 8700

Switzerland

(01) 735 7200

Taiwan

(886 2) 2-712-0404

01 344 366666

(800) 403-0801

United Kingdom

United States and Canada

3-22

Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics 4-3

Regulatory Information 4-6

Declaration of Conformity 4-7

Specifications and Regulatory

Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

This chapter lists specification and characteristics of the instrument. The dis-

tinction between these terms is described as follows:

• Specifications describe warranted performance over the temperature range

0°C to +45°C and relative humidity <95% non-condensing (unless otherwise

noted). All specifications apply after the temperature of the instrument is sta-

bilized after 30 minutes of continuous operation.

• Characteristics provide useful information by giving functional, but nonwarrant-

ed, performance parameters. Characteristics are printed in this typeface.

Calibration cycle

This instrument requires periodic verification of performance. The instrument

should have a complete verification of specifications at least once every two

years.

4-2

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics

Agilent 83434A Specifications and

Characteristics

OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS

Optical Input

Wavelength

1300 to 1600 nm

–16 to 0 dBm

, , ,

Optical input power^{a b c d}

28 dB minimum

Return loss

“Loss of optical input” alarm

threshold

–25 to –20 dBm

Maximum Safe Input Level

Optical input power^e

+7 dBm maximum

Data Output

Amplitude^{f g}

0.5 to 1.5 V pk-pk

0.10 MHz

Lower 3 dB frequency

6.5 GHz

Upper 3 dB frequency

Return loss^j

Impedance

9.5 dB minimum

50Ω

4-3

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics

Recovered Clock Output

Amplitude^h

0.5 to 1. 5 V pk-pk

Frequency

9953.26 to 9953.30 MHz; 9953.28 nominal

10664.03 to 10664.43 MHz; 10664.23 nominal

45/55% maximum; 50/50% nominal

±25.12 ps maximum

Frequency (opt. 106)

Duty cycle

Clock to data alignment^l

3 dB bandwidth^k

8 to 12 MHz; 10 MHz nominal

2 ps rms maximum

Jitter generation^g,

Return lossⁿ

Impedance

12 dB minimum

50Ω

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Temperature Range

Operating

0°C to +45°C

Storage

–40°C to +70°C

EMI Compatibility

Conducted and radiated emissions meet the

requirements of CISPR Publication 11, Class A and

immunity in compliance with IEC 61326-1

Power Requirements

Weight (characteristic)

Dimensions

100/120/220/240 V (±10%), 47 to 63 Hz

3.4 kg (7.6 lb)

102mm (4 in) height, 216 mm (8.5 in) width, 444

mm (17.5 in) depth (Agilent System II, half-width

case)

FRONT-PANEL INPUT / OUTPUT

Optical Input Connector

Diamond HMS-10/HP

Data Output Connector

APC-3.5 male

Recovered Clock Output Connector

a. Better than 1x10^-10BER when tested with the Agilent 71612B using either of two patterns: a) 2³¹–1 PRBS,

or b)100 consecutive “ones” or “zeros” on a 2³¹–1 PRBS.

^{b. Source extinction ratio}≥ 8.2 dB measured within ±10% of eye center

^{c. Applies over the temperature range 25}°C ±10°C.

d. Tested with FC/PC adapter.

e. 1310 or 1550 nm.

f. Non-inverting, non-retimed linear output with AGC stabilization.

g. For PRBS up to and including 2³¹–1.

h. AC coupled

i. Measured with a swept network analyzer at –8 dBm optical input with fixed AGC control in Tx and Rx.

j. 0.01 to 10,700 MHz.

k. Type A resonator based clock recovery.

4-4

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics

l. Falling clock edge to data transition measured with 2 ³¹–1 PRBS.

m. Integrated phase noise measurement method.

n. 9,940 to 9,960 MHz standard, 10624 to 10684 MHz (option 106).

o. Standard instrument has FC/PC adapters. Other adapters available as options.

4-5

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POL-

LUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 61010-1 and 664 respectively.

Notice for

Germany: Noise

Declaration

This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Reg-

ulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinen-

laermrerordnung –3.GSGV Deutschland).

Acoustic Noise Emission

Geraeuschemission

LpA < 70 dB

Operator position

Normal position

per ISO 7779

am Arbeitsplatz

normaler Betrieb

nach DIN 45635 t.19

4-6

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

Declaration of Conformity

4-7

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

4-8

Index

care of, 1-9

cleaning connections, 3-8

connectors, covering , 3-19

fiber optics handbook, 3-2

foam swabs, 3-15

front panel

adapters, 3-5

connector interface, 3-2

features, 2-2

ac power cables, 1-7

accessories, 3-2

adapters

fiber optic, 3-5

Agilent

sales and service offices, 3-21

fuse

values, i-iii

BER performance

verifying, 2-9

bit-error-ratio test set, 2-6

initial inspection, 1-3

input

connector, 3-8

input present indicator , 2-2

installing, 1-2

cabinet, cleaning, i-iii

calibration

cycle, 4-2

care

of cabinet, i-iii

care of fiber optics, 1-9

characteristics, 4-3

checking the fuse, 1-5

classification

product, i-iii

cleaning

line fuse, 1-5

line fuse, safety, i-iii, 1-5

line-power

cable, 1-6

cables, 3-7

input connector, 1-5

requirements, 1-7

adapters, 3-17

cabinet, i-iii

fiber-optic connections , 3-8 , 3-16

non-lensed connectors, 3-16

clock out connector, 2-2

compressed dust remover, 3-15

connector

maintenance contract, 2-5

measurement

accuracy, i-iv

care, 3-8

connector interface

front-panel, 3-2

cotton swabs, 3-15

noise declaration, 4-6

declaration of conformity, 4-7

dust caps, 3-16

optical in connector, 2-2

packaging for shipment, 3-19

parts, 3-4

fiber optics

adapters, 3-5

Index-1

Index

power cable requirements , 1-6

rear panel features, 2-3

regulatory

duration, 4-2

information, 4-6

repair options, 2-5

replacement, 3-4

replacement parts, 3-4

returning for service, 3-18

safety, i-iii

laser classification, i-iii

line fuse, i-iii, 1-5

sales and service offices, 3-21

serial numbers, 1-4

service, 3-18

options, 2-5

returning for, 3-18

shipping

procedure, 3-19

spare fuse, 1-5

specifications, 4-3

definition of terms, 4-2

swabs, 3-15

turning on the lightwave receiver, 1-8

verification test

failing, 2-5

verifying BER performance, 2-9

warranty, 2-5

Index-2

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