WMG80 / WMG120
Wireless Media Gateway
User Guide
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Table of Contents
Product Registration..................................................................................................... i
For Your Records......................................................................................................... i
Chapter 1: Overview
Typical Setup................................................................................................................... 2
Product Features ............................................................................................................. 3
General Requirements..................................................................................................... 4
Package Contents ........................................................................................................... 5
Safety Notice ................................................................................................................... 6
Front Panel — LEDs ....................................................................................................... 7
Back Panel — Portsꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ ꢁ
Chapter 2: Set up the Gateway
Step 1: Connect the Gateway....................................................................................... 10
Step 2: Set your PC to DHCP....................................................................................... 12
For Windows 2000 or XP ......................................................................................... 12
Step 3: Configure the Gateway.................................................................................... 15
Login ........................................................................................................................ 15
The Primary Setup tab ............................................................................................. 16
Time Zone ......................................................................................................... 16
Internet .............................................................................................................. 16
LAN ................................................................................................................... 17
Wireless ............................................................................................................. 17
Security Mode: WEP ......................................................................................... 18
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Table of Contents, continued
Step 4: Set up your network ........................................................................................ 19
The WAN tab............................................................................................................ 19
Internet Settings ................................................................................................ 20
VPN Connection ................................................................................................ 23
IPSec Policies ................................................................................................... 25
IKE Policy .......................................................................................................... 27
Manual Connection ........................................................................................... 28
The LAN tab............................................................................................................. 29
The Advanced tab.................................................................................................... 30
System Settings ................................................................................................ 30
Remote Administration ...................................................................................... 31
Routing .............................................................................................................. 31
Logging .............................................................................................................. 32
MAC Clone ........................................................................................................ 34
DNS Proxy ......................................................................................................... 34
Dynamic DNS .................................................................................................... 35
Service Timeout ................................................................................................ 35
IP Reassembly Configuration ............................................................................ 36
Monitor .............................................................................................................. 36
The Security tab....................................................................................................... 37
Corporate Outbound/Inbound ............................................................................ 37
Self policy .......................................................................................................... 39
Filtering .............................................................................................................. 40
The Utilities tab ........................................................................................................ 48
Save Settings vs Logout .................................................................................... 48
Factory Default .................................................................................................. 49
Upload/backup Configuration ............................................................................ 49
Restart Router ................................................................................................... 50
Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................. 51
Upgrade Media Server Application .................................................................... 52
Update Media Server Host Name ..................................................................... 53
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Table of Contents, continued
The WLAN tab.......................................................................................................... 54
Wireless LAN Basic Settings ............................................................................. 54
Chapter 3: File Management
Transfer content to your Gateway hard drive ................................................................ 55
Method 1: Networking Companion CD.................................................................... 55
Alternate Method 2: Network Share........................................................................ 56
Alternate Method 3: Open Internet Browser............................................................ 57
Chapter 4: Set Up the Print Server
Step 1: Access the Internet........................................................................................... 58
Step 2: Install printer driver........................................................................................... 58
Step 3: Connect a USB printer ..................................................................................... 58
Step 4: Turn PC on....................................................................................................... 59
Step 5: Set up the print server...................................................................................... 60
Step 6: Test printer connection..................................................................................... 63
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting & Maintenance
Getting Help Checklist ................................................................................................... 64
Troubleshooting Solutions ............................................................................................. 65
Customer Support.......................................................................................................... 69
Maintenance Instructions............................................................................................... 70
Firmware Updates.................................................................................................... 70
Software Updates..................................................................................................... 70
Cleaning Instructions................................................................................................ 70
Regulatory Information .................................................................................................. 71
FCC Interference Statement .................................................................................... 71
Class B Regulations................................................................................................. 71
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Table of Contents, continued
Appendix
Specifications................................................................................................................. 75
Limited Warranty............................................................................................................ 76
Glossary......................................................................................................................... 78
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Chapter 1: Overview
Congratulations on purchasing the ViewSonic WMG80 / WMG120
Wireless Media Gateway print server and hard drive! The
ViewSonic WMG80 / WMG120 Gateway gives you the freedom to
enjoy all your digital media entertainment - TV, movies, music,
gaming, Internet access, digital pictures, and more - from any
location in your home. The Gateway easily connects to your
networked media adapters and then functions as your in-home
networked media storage device. It features a hard drive to store
digital media entertainment. Two USB ports and the internal print
server provide support for USB printers and additional external
storage devices. Set up is quick and easy with the included set up
instructions.
Important: If you are using the WMA to see pictures, the pictures
have to be JPEG format that are stored on the WMG hard drive. The
WMA can support other formats (JPEG, PNG, GIF) when stored on
your PC hard drive. For more information, see the chapter on File
Management to transfer content from your PC to the Gateway hard
drive.
In this user guide, “Gateway” refers to both models, WMG80 and
WMG120.
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Typical Setup
A typical setup for the Gateway shown below starts on the next page.
Game
Console
WMA100
Media Adapter
Basic Setup
Internet
TV
Projector
WMG80/WMG120
Media Gateway
Modem
USB
Adapter
PC
PC Wired
Laptop
PC Card
USB Printer
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Product Features
Access photos, video, music and more on demand
Store the family’s media content on the Gateway for the whole family to
access. When the Gateway is combined with a ViewSonic Wireless
Media Adapter, you can extend your digital entertainment to any TV or
stereo in your home with friends and family in your living room, bedroom,
office or media room.
Robust security keeps your data secure
NAT and SPI firewall ensure your networked data is safe from Internet
intruders. Wireless security includes 64-bit/128-bit WEP, WPA and MAC
address filtering.
Create a wireless network for your home or office
Create a local area network (LAN) and share a single high-speed
broadband connection, files, printers and other peripherals between all
your computers.
Support for USB printers and external devices
Includes two USB ports for external printers and additional storage
connectivity.
Super-fast sharing of content to your network devices
Zero waiting time. Transfer data with the 802.11g wireless connectivity for
up to five times the speed of 802.11b wireless networks. Enjoy your
video, music and pictures almost instantly with the 54Mbps signaling rate.
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General Requirements
• Personal Computer or notebook.
• Broadband modem (DSL, cable), or ISP 5.0 or newer.
• Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape navigator to view and
use the Gateway web-based configuration screens.
• Available AC power outlet.
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Package Contents
Check to make sure all of the items shown below are included in
the package.
WMG80 / WMG120 Gateway
Quick Start Guide
Networking Companion CD
Power Cord and Adapter
Ethernet LAN Cable
(6 feet)
For information on optional accessories and products, go to
www.viewsonic.com.
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Safety Notice
To ensure safe operation, following these simply rules:
• Place device in a safe, secure location.
• Read the user guide thoroughly before installing the device.
• The device should only be repaired by authorized and qualified
personnel. Do not try to open or repair the device yourself as
this voids the warranty.
• Do not place the device in a damp, wet, or humid location like a
bathroom.
• Do not expose the device to direct sunlight or other heat
sources. The housing and electronic components may be
damaged by direct sunlight or heat sources.
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Front Panel — LEDs
STATUS
Solid Green: unit is ready.
Blinking Green: HDD is in
Standby mode but the
Gateway is still operating
fully.
Link/Act LEDs
LAN port(s) 1, 2, 3, 4
Solid Green: LED
indicates there is a
connection to LAN port 1,
2, 3, &/or 4 on the back of
the Gateway.
POWER
ON: Solid Blue indicates
the hard drive is running.
WAN
Cable or DSL modem
Solid Green: there is a
connection.
Blinking Green: data is
transferring.
10/100 LEDs
10Mbps
LAN port(s) 1, 2, 3, 4
Active connection: LED OFF
Blinking Green: data is
transferring.
WLAN
Solid Green: Wireless
LAN is working.
USB LED
Solid green: USB on
indicates that an external
USB device is connected to
either USB port 1 and/or 2.
100Mbps – 1, 2, 3, 4
Blinking Green: data is
transferring.
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Back Panel — Ports
Antennas
USB ports (2)
POWER-IN jack to
AC power wall outlet
or power strip with
surge protection
WAN port to cable or DSL modem
RESET: (1) To restart the Gateway, press
and hold RESET for one second (the
STATUS LED turns off), release RESET
quickly, or (2) to return the settings back to
the factory default settings, press and hold
for 6 seconds, then release.
LAN (Ethernet) ports 1, 2, 3, 4.
10/100 Mbps. Connect up to four PCs. LEDs on the front of
the Gateway indicate which LAN port(s) are active.
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Chapter 2: Set up the Gateway
This chapter shows how to set up the ViewSonic® Gateway. For
the most Basic Setup, see the Wireless Media Quick Start Guide.
For more detailed information, see this user guide. This chapter
has the following steps:
LAN port
LAN port
WLAN port
Step 1: Connect the Gateway. Details start on the next page.
Step 2: Setup your PC to the DHCP setting.
Step 3: Configure the Gateway.
Step 4: Set up your network.
IMPORTANT: To transfer content from your PC to the Gateway
hard drive, see Chapter 3 File Management in this guide.
Ethernet cable
Ethernet cable
DSL
or cab
le
mode
m
Additional
computer
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Step 1: Connect the Gateway
(1) Before connecting the Gateway, make sure you have all the
setup information that your Internet Service Provider (ISP)
requires.
(2)Make sure that all network hardware is turned off, including the
Gateway, computer(s), and cable or DSL modem.
(3)Connect the Ethernet cable from one of the LAN ports on the
Gateway to the Ethernet port on your computer. Optional:
connect another Ethernet cable from another LAN port on the
Gateway to an additional computer or network device. You can
also connect another Ethernet cable from the WAN port on the
Gateway to your cable or DSL modem.
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(4)Connect the AC Power Adapter to the Power Jack on the back
of the Gateway. Attach the AC Power Adapter to the Power
Cord. Connect the Power Cord to an AC Wall Outlet or a power
strip with surge protection.
Bac
k of
Gat
eway
AC
Wall
Out
let
Pow
er Ja
ck
AC P
owe
r Adap
ter to
Pow
er Co
rd
PO
WER
ON =
Blue
LED
Othe
r LED
s are
green
The blue POWER light on the front turns on. The Gateway is
ready to configure when the green STATUS light turns on.
Fron
t of
Ga
tewa
y
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Step 2: Set your PC to DHCP
Verify that your computer is set to DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol) to obtain an IP address automatically as
follows: (may be already set to DHCP by default.)
For Windows 2000 or XP
(1) Click the Windows® Start button > Control Panel > Network
and Internet Connections > Local Area Connection. The
Local Area Connection Status screen appears as shown on
the right.
(2)From the General tab (usually appears selected by default),
click Properties. The Local Area Connection Properties
screen appears in the next step.
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(3)Check the box next to Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) if it isn’t
already checked by default. Highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/
IP) if it isn’t already highlighted automatically. Click Properties.
The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties screen appears as
shown in the next step.
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(4)Select Obtain an IP address automatically. Click OK > OK >
Close to complete the PC configuration.
(5)Restart your PC if prompted.
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Step 3: Configure the Gateway
You only need to configure the Gateway once on any computer
that is already set up using the Web-based utility screens shown on
the next few pages. Default settings in the table on the right may be
helpful during the configuration process.
Basic Settings
Default
Internet Configuration Type
Automatic
Configuration-DHCP
Wireless Media Gateway IP 192.168.1.1
Address
Wireless Media Gateway
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
Open your web browser. In the Address field, enter
Gateway Password
DHCP Settings
DHCP Server
admin (lowercase)
http://192.168.1.1 and press Enter. A login window appears
like the one shown on the right.
Enable
192.168.1.10
50
DHCP Starting IP Address
ATTENTION! Notice forward slashes (//) are
used here! In another place in this guide, you
will be asked to use back slashes (\\).
Number of DHCP Client
Users
2.4GHz Wireless Setting
SSID
viewsonic
1
Login
User name: leave blank.
Channel
WEP (Encryption)
Disable
Password: enter the default password admin in all lowercase
letters. Later on, we recommend changing the default to your
own password for added security using the Advanced Settings
tab.
Click OK. The Primary Setup screen appears as shown in the
next step.
admin
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The Primary Setup tab
Enter the fields in the Primary Setup screen that are
required by your ISP.
Time Zone (Primary Setup)
Select the time zone you are in and check Enable
Daylight Saving Time if this applies.
Internet (Primary Setup)
Host Name: change if required by your ISP. Otherwise,
leave this field as is.
Connection Type: if required by your ISP. Otherwise,
leave this field as is. Click the down arrow for a drop-
down menu with several Connection Types. IMPORTANT!
The Primary Setup screen displays different features
depending on which Internet Connection Type you
select. Select one of the following:
• Dynamic IP Setting - DHCP (Automatic Configuration).
If you are connecting through DHCP or a dynamic IP
address from your ISP, keep this default setting.
• Static IP Address. If your ISP assigns you a Static IP
Address, select Static IP Address. More fields appear
below Connection Type. Enter the Internet IP Address,
Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and enter at least one
DNS address.
• PPPoE (for some DSL). If you are connecting through
PPPoE, select PPPoE from the drop-down menu.
Complete the User Name and Password fields.
Returns to Primary Setup
Continued......
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LAN (Primary Setup)
IP Address: The default is Gateway IP Setting. No change is
necessary.
Subnet Mask: The default is Gateway IP Setting. No change
is necessary.
Wireless (Primary Setup)
Mode: click the down arrow field for the drop-down menu
with a list of wireless networking modes. Select one of the
following modes based on your environment setting:
• 11b+g: If you have 802.11b and 802.11g devices in your
network, then keep the default setting, 11b+g.
• 11g Only: Default for optimal performance. If you have
802.11g devices, select 11g Only. This will give you the
best wireless performance.
Channel: change as needed (recommended) especially if
you experience interference with other wireless routers in the
vicinity.
SSID: the default “viewsonic” is automatically entered. No
change is necessary.
Security: select one.
Disable > click Apply > press Logout to close the
screen.
Wireless LAN Configuration
screen shown on the next page.
Enable > click Configure Security. The Wireless LAN
Configuration screen appears as shown on the next
page. Security Mode defaults to WEP.
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Security Mode: WEP
Wired Equivalent Protection.
Security Mode: select WEP Encryption
WEP Encryption: click the down arrow for more options: select
64bits/10 hex digits or 128 bits/26 hex digits.
Default Transmit Key: Select Key 1 from the pull down menu.
If you selected the 64bit option, enter 10 hex in Key 1 field.
IMPORTANT! For 64bits, enter 10 hex . . . can be
0123456789abcdef in Key 1, 2, 3, or 4 fields. Be sure to write
down that key for later configuration on the client side.
For 128bits/26 hex: For 64bits, enter 26 hex . . . can be
0123456789abcdef in Key 1, 2, 3, or 4 fields. Be sure to write
down that key for later configuration on the client side.
You’re done with the basic setup! Go to Step 4: Set up your
network.
For more information, see the Troubleshooting section in this user
guide. If you still need help, contact ViewSonic Customer
Support. See the Customer Support table in the Appendix of this
guide for contact information.
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Step4: Set up your network
To initialize the WMG, search for Wireless Router with default SSID
“xxxx”. Set your laptop or PC to obtain an IP address
automatically. The default setting IP for WLAN router is
192.168.5.1. Launch your browser to connect to the WLAN router.
The “Home” page appears showing your Wireless Cable/DSL
router information and current status.
The WAN tab
To configure your network, from the Advanced Setup tab > select
the WAN tab shown on the right. To connect to the Internet, click
Setup Wizard from the pull-down menu, or, to setup your WAN
connection manually, select Connection. The Setup Wizard
screen appears as shown on the next page.
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Internet Settings
Setup Wizard
From the Setup Wizard shown on the right > select Internet
Settings (recommended) for PPPoE or Ethernet > click Next. The
Internet Connection screen appears shown below.
Select the type of WAN connection you have:
• WAN Ethernet for cable modem. The WAN Ethernet
Configuration screen appears as shown on the next page.
• WAN PPPoE for DSL. Click Next.
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DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). If you want other
users in this network to recognize this device, on the screen shown
on the right, enter the DHCP Client Host Name > click DHCP
Client Information. The DHCP Client Dynamic Interface screen
appears as shown below with information only. Or,
If you are using Static IP to connect to the WAN, in the RIP
Configuration section > select Disable > Submit. The WAN
Ethernet Information screen appears as shown on the next page.
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Click Return.
To use PPPoE as your WAN connection
From the Primary Setup tab > Advanced Setup > WAN tab >
Setup Wizard > Internet Settings > Next > WAN PPoE > Next >
enter the information on the screen shown on the right as required
by your ISP to complete the connection. To confirm your PPPoE
setting, click Submit, or Clear to reset.
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VPN Connection
1 To set up a VPN (Virtual Private Network) connection to your
ISP, click the WAN tab > select Setup Wizard > select Creating
a VPN Connection. The VPN Connection screen appears.
2 Select the type of of Internet Connection you have: PPTP
Client or IPSec > click Next.
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1 To complete the VPN connection have all the information that
your service provider requires. Click Submit to accept the
changes. The VPN POLICIES screen appears.
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2 Select one of the two types of VPN POLICIES: IPSec or IKE.
IPSec Policies
IPSec Policies are a set of crypto map associated with a VPN
connection. IPSec can provide data integrity and security. It can be
used to protect one or more data flows between a pair of hosts,
between a pair of security gateways or between a security gateway
and a host.
Click Manual tab to set up the IPSec Policies manually. The
Manual screen appears as shown on the next page.
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IPSec:
A framework of open standards that provides data
confidentiality, data integrity, and data authentication between
peers. IPSec provides these security services at the IP Layer.
IPSec uses IKE to handle negotiation of protocols and
algorithms based on local policy and to generate the encryption
and authentication keys to be used by IPSec.
Policy Name:
Name the filtering rule whose traffic is protected by IPSec.
Status:
Select “DISABLE” or “ENABLE.”
Source IP address:
Select the source IP address to be filtered.
Source Port:
Select the source service port to be filtered.
Destination IP Address:
Select the destination IP address to be filtered.
Destination Port:
Select the destination application service port to be filtered.
Protocol:
Select the protocol fields for the application.
Click Add.
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IKE Policy
IKE (Internet Key Exchange) is a key management protocol
standard used in conjunction with IPSec and other standards.
IKE provides authentication of the IPSec peers, negotiates
IPSec keys, and negotiates IPSec security associations.
Policy Name
Naming the filtering rule whose traffic is protected by IPSec IKE
management
Source IP address:
Specify the source IP address to be filtered.
Source Port:
Specify the source service port to be filtered.
Destination IP Address:
Specify the destination IP address to be filtered.
Destination Port:
Specify the destination application service port to be filtered.
Protocol:
Specify the protocol fields for the service application.
Click Submit or Reset.
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Manual Connection
From the screen shown on the right, click the WAN tab for the pull-
down menu > click Setup Wizard (the Setup Wizard screen
appears) > select Internet Settings > Next (the Internet
Connection screen appears as shown) > select the type of
Internet connection that you have > Next.
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The LAN tab
Select the LAN tab > select LAN Setting. The LAN Ethernet
Configuration screen provides the basic setup for the LAN port of
the WMG.
LAN Ethernet Configuration
1 Enter the IP address and subnet mask for the device.
2 Select Enable DHCP Server for LAN client PCs to obtain IP
address automatically.
3 If DHCP Server is enabled, enter the gateway for clients,
usually the same for LAN IP Address.
4 Enter the DNS IP address to enable WMG to forward DNS
requests from client to WAN.
5 Enter the Lease Duration time: the default is 43200 seconds.
This gives you a limited time to designate the IP address. When
the Lease Duration ends, the IP address is available to clients.
Click Submit or Reset.
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The Advanced tab
To set up the system information and enable the administrator to
log the information, monitor the traffic flow and other advanced
settings, select the Advanced tab > System Settings.
System Settings
To change the password for the WMG and to establish the Admin
Session Timeout, select the Advanced tab > System Settings.
The default session timeout is 30 minutes.
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Remote Administration
By default, only users on the intra-net can browse the built-in Web
pages to perform administration tasks. The Remote Administration
feature enables you to perform administrative tasks from a remote
host.
This section shows how to set up the privilege of remote
management through Web. Administrator can allow login and/or
ping service through WAN side. You can also manage the device
anywhere.
Routing
In this section, you can view and change the Routing Table of
WMG. All the updated routing table and RIP Records are listed in
this menu.
Static routing allows all packets are forwarded via a fixed path. To
add a static route, click AddRoute:
1 Indicate the routing interface.
2 Fill in the destination IP address and its subnet mask.
3 Fill in the gateway IP address, mostly will be the router IP.
4 To Save or Cancel Changes, Click Submit when you finish
changing the settings. Click Cancel to return to the previous
unsaved settings.
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Logging
Your Administrator can track the information on WMG by recording
all the login information. The Administrator can also set the type,
time, and level of information that he wants to record and send. The
log can be delivered to the administrator by SMTP service by
email.
General Log Email: all the log information will be recorded and
sent within the log time assigned.
Alert Log Email: only the alert message will be recorded and sent
within the log time assigned.
Click the Log Message Types on the upper right hand corner to
pick the types of information from the screen shown on the next
page that you want recorded.
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Two types of logs include the following:
Alert Log
• Syn Flooding
• Ping of Death
• IP Spoofing
• Unauthorized Login
• Win Nuke
• IP Option Attacks
General Log
• System Error Messages
• Deny Policies
• Allow Policies
• Content Filtering
• Data Inspection
• General Attack
• Unavailable Policies
• Authorize Login
• Configuration Changes
• Access Statistics
• Allow VPN Messages
• Verbose
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MAC Clone
Clone MAC Address can modify the WAN MAC address to other. It
is not recommended that you change the default MAC address
unless required by your ISP.
DNS Proxy
Enter a DNS Server Address if you wish to use the one provided by
your ISP. DNS stands for Domain Name System. It translates
domain names into IP address.
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Dynamic DNS
User can enable or disable the automatic update service for DNS.
Fill in the required field to use the Dynamic Domain Name Service
feature (DDNS). It is a method to keep domain names linked to
changing IP address. In this way, changing IP address will not
interfere with network connectivity.
Service Timeout
You can configure WMG to cut the internet connection after it has
been inactive for a specified period of time. If our internet
connection has been terminated due to inactivity, connect on
demand enables the router to automatically re-establish your
connection as soon as you attempt to access the internet again. In
the Default Service timeouts field, enter the number of seconds you
want to have elapsed before your internet connection terminates.
After you enter the corresponding value for these fields, press
Modify to set the Timeout configuration.
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IP Reassembly Configuration
Fragmentation: breaking a packet into smaller units when
transmitting over a network medium that cannot support the
original size of the packet.
Monitor
User can see the log data in this section.
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The Security tab
This section shows how to secure your Local network as well as
the wireless network.
Corporate Outbound/Inbound
In the Security function setting, you can choose the direction of the
traffic flow you want to filter. You can see all the filtering rules in
order at this page. You can always move the rule order to higher
priority by clicking up and down arrow on the upper right hand side.
Outbound: it will filter the traffic comes from internal (Corporate
inside)
Inbound: it will filter the traffic come from remote site (ISP or other
VPN partner)
Click Add to put in more security rules. In the Place Rule column,
you can directly insert the rule into the right order without clicking
the up and down arrow.
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After you click Add to insert new security rule, the Internet Access
Policy Configuration menu appears. Fill in the necessary
information to complete the rule.
Source IP: Select Other if to restrict a certain user (IP address)
access right.
Source Port: The source port here indicates the service port
number for the application, such as Telnet, HTTP and so on.
Destination IP: Select Other if to restrict the service from a
particular remote server.
Destination Port This port number specifies the service required
to the remote server. The port number here is the virtual
connection point through which a computer uses a specific
application on a server.
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Self policy
You can pick the pre-setting rule to enhance the security policy.
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Filtering
WMG allows user to setup all sort of combination in Filtering
function. This section shows you the details of controlling the
network environment.
Filters are the mechanism that directs the diverted traffic to the
required detection rules. The WMG enables the user to set its
preferred filter configurations and thus design a variety of
possibilities for customized traffic direction and service detection
mechanisms.
IN WMG, the filtering mechanisms allow user to set the rule by
single user (by host name and IP address) or a group of users.
User filtering
You can set the user who has the right to access WMG by
assigning a password. Click ADD to add a new rule to the modules.
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User group filtering
IP Address filtering
IP Address Filtering allows you to select certain IP addresses are
able to pass through the WMG or not. In IP Address Screen, you
could see the list of all setting you have made. If you wish to add
more IP listed, select “Add” to specify more IP.
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Service filtering
Service Filtering allows you to select what types of packets are
able to pass through the WMG. In Service Screen, you could see
the list of all pre-set services. If to add more services, select “Add”
to specify more services.
To define a service, first determine which port number or range of
number is used by the application. Common applications are
defined by IETF. Service numbers for other applications are
typically chosen from the range of 1024 to 65535 by the authors of
the application.
Type in the Service Name you wish to call, the assign the
corresponding service port either by single and range type. If you
know that application uses either TCP or UDP, select the
appropriate protocol. Click “Add” to add more service rule. All the
service rules will appear on the Access Control, Inbound/Outbound
policy menu, the destination port selection.
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Schedule
The WMG allows you to specify when to enforce the security rules.
The schedule menu is shown below: Click “Add” to create a new
schedule.
Window Name: Name your scheduling rule.
Working Date: Specify the date
Working Hours: Specify the active working hours by indicate the
open hour and minutes to closed hour and minutes.
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MAC address filter
In the MAC Address Filter screen, you can insert the MAC address
you want to control. WMG allows you to filter 5 MAC addresses.
When you finish, remember to mark the Enable Filtering box to
enable this function.
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Parental Control
Parental Control provides more control your network. It provides
you with web content filtering options. Once you get into this menu,
you can see the lists of Application Name and protecting action. To
delete a particular rule, check the box and click “Delete” to erase
the rule from the setting. To add a new rule to this control page,
click “Add” to get into web control configuration.
The WMG allows you to restrict access based on Web application,
such as Proxy service/ Java/ ActiveX, and URL extension. If you
want to record all the denied operation, check the box to enable
Log on Denied Operations.
1 Click the Security tab for the pull-down menu.
2 Select Parental Control. The Web screen appears as shown
on the right.
website here
3 Click Add. The Configure Web Control screen on the right
appears. Type a URL website in one of the fields.
4 Click Submit. The WEB screen appears.
5 Select Gamble or Porn.
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NAT (Network Address Translation)
NAT is a function allows several networked PCs to share an
Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be
statically or dynamically assigned by your Service Provider. Click
“Add” to add more rule to NAT Configuration.
The WMG accomplishes this address sharing by translating the
internal LAN IP addresses to public unique address/addresses on
the Internet. The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private
addresses or registered addresses. In NAT type, you can choose
Many-to-one or Many-to-many. In Many-to-one configuration, it
translates multiple LAN IP addresses to one single public address
on Internet. In Many-to-many configuration, it translates multiple
LAN IP addresses to a range of public addresses. This will be
used when your service provider provide you a range of IP
addresses.
DMZ
A DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) is a buffer zone between the Internet,
and your private networks. It can be a public network typically
used for Web, FTP and E-Mail servers that are accessed by
external clients on the Internet. Separating these public access
server with your private network provide higher security for your
network.
A DMZ Host is a computer that has all external Internet traffic
forwarded to it. This allows a computer to be exposed to
unrestricted two-way communication. This feature should be used
only when necessary, since it is not protected by any security rules
of the firewall.
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Firewall Attacks
Firewall is a security measures that protect the resources of the
local network from intruders. First, click either Enable or Disable
to activate or deactivate the Firewall Rule. Click SUBMIT to accept
the setting.
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The Utilities tab
This section describes the following Utilities and then gives
instructions for downloading content from the Internet to your WMG
hard drive:
• Save Settings
• Factory Default
• Upload/Backup Configuration
• Restart Router
• Firmware Upgrade
Save Settings vs Logout
To create a saved file of the current configuration settings of the
WMG, select the Utilities tab > Save Settings > click “Yes”
Logout saves your settings
automatically. A screen
appears > click Logout.
Or, click Logout at the top of the screen.
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Factory Default
To return the WMG settings back to the factory defaults, select the
Utilities tab > Factory Default > click Yes.
Upload/backup Configuration
You could save the completely-configure setting by clicking “yes”.
WMG will save the current configuration to the location you select.
If you ever lose your settings or your settings are changed and the
WMG stops functioning properly, click “Browse” to locate the saved
settings file you created and then click “upload” to restore the
saved settings.
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Restart Router
If the WMG stops responding, highlight the Utilities tab > click
Restart router to reboot.
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Firmware Upgrade
Firmware Upgrade improves the performance of your WMG
(Wireless Media Gateway).
To download newer software
1 Periodically check the ViewSonic support site
www.viewsonic.com/support for updates to software and
then download to your local PC hard drive.
2 Login to the WMG web-based utility: http://192.168.1.1
3 Select the Advanced Setup tab. From the Utilities menu
shown on the right, click Firmware Upgrade.
4 On the next screen, click Browse. Go to the folder where you
downloaded in step 1 the latest firmware file from the
ViewSonic support site.
5 A typical file extension for firmware upgrades is .azt. Highlight
the .azt file > click Open > click Upload > wait about 10 minutes
for the file to upload.
6 A message appears asking you to reboot > click Yes to reboot.
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Upgrade Media Server Application
Upgrade Media Server Application for file management and to
allow your WMA (Wireless Media Adapter) to see and stream the
content from your WMG (Wireless Media Gateway). Check the
ViewSonic support site www.viewsonic.com/support
periodically for updates to software and then download to your local
PC hard drive.
To download newer software
1 Login to the WMG web-based utility: http://192.168.1.1
2 Select the Advanced Setup tab.
3 From the Utilities menu shown on the right, click Update
Media Server Application.
4 Click Browse > go to the folder where you downloaded the
latest Media Server file from the ViewSonic support site in the
previous step. A typical file extension for firmware upgrades is
.tar.
5 Highlight the .tar file > click Open > click Upload > wait about
10 minutes. A message appears asking you to reboot > click
Yes to reboot.
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Update Media Server Host Name
To change the name of your WMG (Hostname)
1 From the Utilities menu, click Update Media Server
Hostname as shown on the right.
2 In the Hostname field shown on the right, enter a name of your
choosing; any name – Vacation, Graduation, Gateway, etc.
3 Click Submit > click Yes to reboot for the new hostname to take
effect.
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The WLAN tab
Wireless LAN Basic Settings
This section shows you how to configure the Access Point
function of the WMG. Select the WLAN tab.
ESSID
The Extended Service Set Identification is a thirty-two character
(maximum) alphanumeric key identifying the wireless local area
network.
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy is a data encryption protocol for
802.11b wireless networks. All wireless nodes and access
points on the network are configured with a 64-bit or 128-bit
Shared Key for data encryption.
KEY
A string of bits used to encrypt or decrypt data, or to compute
message digests.
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Chapter 3: File Management
Transfer content to your Gateway
hard drive
To download (transfer) files (content) from your PC to the Gateway
(WMG) hard drive, do one of the following three methods: (details
start at the bottom of this page)
• Method 1: The Networking Companion CD that came in the
package (recommended), or
• Alternate Method 2: Network Share, or
• Alternate Method 3: Internet Explorer Browser
Method 1: Networking Companion CD
1 Recommended. Make sure your PC is connected to the WMG.
2 Put the Networking Companion CD into your disk drive. The
ViewSonic Main Menu appears on-screen automatically as
shown on the right. Click the button next to Wireless Media
Gateway.
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3 Select Setup WMG. Two new shortcuts appear on the desktop
that are links to the WMG hard drive; one is a WMG folder for
WMG Media and one is for the WMG USB. Click EXIT. Double-
click WMG Media. An Explore Window appears with three
folders for three type of media as shown on the right: music,
pictures, videos. If not, then make sure you are connected to
the WMG.
4 Drag and drop, or copy and paste, the content from your PC
into one of the folders.
Alternate Method 2: Network Share
1 Use Method 2 if Method 1 does not work. Right-click Windows
Start >choose Explore. A window appears like the one shown
on the right.
2 Expand the drive to show the sub-folders as shown on the right.
3 Double-click on the media on ‘192.168.1.1\samba ide share’
folder.
4 Double-click one of the three media sub-folders.
5 Drag and drop, or copy and paste, from your PC to the WMG
hard drive folder.
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Alternate Method 3: Open Internet Browser
1 Use this method if Method 1 and 2 do not work. Open your
Internet Explorer Browser. An Internet window appears.
2 In the Address line, type http:\\192.168.1.1 and press Enter. A
window like the one shown on the right appears. Double-click
Samba ide share. Three media folders appear.
ATTENTION! Notice forward slashes (//) are
used here! In another place in this guide, you
will be asked to use back slashes (\\).
3 Double-click one of the three folders.
4 Drag and drop, or copy and paste, from your PC to the WMG
hard drive folder.
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Chapter 4: Set Up the Print Server
Step 1: Access the Internet
Make sure you can access the Internet through the Gateway as
shown in the Basic Setup section of this guide.
Step 2: Install printer driver
USB port
IMPORTANT! Install the printer driver for your printer on your
computer. See the user guide that came with your printer.
Step 3: Connect a USB printer
Connect a USB printer to the Gateway USB port and turn the USB
printer on.
USB printer
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Step 4: Turn PC on
With a PC connected to the Gateway as shown in the Basic Setup
section of this guide, turn the PC on. Wait for the USB LED on the
front of the Gateway to light up to a steady green as shown on the
right.
USB LED
A steady green USB LED light
turns on when an external
USB device is connected to
either USB port 1 and/or 2.
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Step 5: Set up the print server
1 Right-click the Windows Start button > select My Network
Places. An Explorer Window appears with an Address line.
2 In the Address line, type “\\192.168.1.1” Press ENTER.
Another screen appears with a folder called Printers and
Faxes listed beside an icon.
\\192.168.1.1
ATTENTION! Notice back slashes (\\) are
used here! In another place in this guide, you
will be asked to use forward slashes (//).
3 Double-click Printers and Faxes. A screen appears with “lp”
beside an icon which stands for “local printer.” Right click on “lp”
> select “Connect.” Wait for a message.
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4 Click Yes. Another screen appears.
5 Click OK. The Add Printer Wizard screen appears.
6 Select the printer Manufacturer from the list of Manufacturers.
The USB print server currently support most HP USB printers
and a few other brands such as Epson and Cannon. Check the
ViewSonic website for additional printers supported.
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7 Select a model from the list of Printers. Click OK.
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Step 6: Test printer connection
1 Click the Windows Start button > select and open Printer and
Faxes.
2 Right-click on “lp on VIEWSONIC” > select Properties >
click Print Test Page. A message appears as shown on the
right.
3 Verify that the page printed ok >Click OK. Close Windows.
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Chapter 5: Troubleshooting & Maintenance
This chapter provides possible solutions to problems you may
encounter while operating your Gateway and maintenance
instructions.
Getting Help Checklist
• Getting Help Checklist (shown on the right)
1 Read the Troubleshooting section in this
• Troubleshooting Solutions
chapter.
• Customer Support contact information
2 Read the Table of Contents at the front of
this user guide and look for the topic you
need help with.
• Maintenance instructions
- Firmware Updates
3
Contact ViewSonic Customer Suport
(contact information is listed in this chapter.)
- Software Updates
- Cleaning Instructions
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Troubleshooting Solutions
1 If you are using a cable or DSL modem and are having
problems connecting to the Internet, do the following:
• Turn off your cable or DSL modem, PC, and the
Gateway.
• Turn on your modem and wait a few minutes until the
modem has established a connection with your ISP.
• Turn on the Gateway.
• Turn on your PC and attempt to connect to the Internet.
For most users, the Gateway’s default values should be
satisfactory. Some users may need to enter additional
information in order to connect to the Internet through
their ISP or broadband (cable or DSL) carrier. For
example, some cable providers require a specific MAC
address for connection to the Internet. To learn more
about this, click the Advanced Settings tab and then
the MAC Address Clone tab.
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2 My Wireless Media Gateway Access Point Gateway
will not turn on. No LED’s light up.
• The power is not connected.
• Connect the power adapter to your AP and plug it into
the power outlet.
IMPORTANT! Only use the power adapter that came
with your Wireless Media Gateway. Using any other
adapter may damage your Wireless Media Gateway.
3 LAN Connection Problems I can’t access my
Gateway.
• Make sure your Gateway is powered on.
• Check network connections.
• The computer you are using does not have a
compatible IP Address. Be sure that the IP Address
used on your computer is set to the same subnet as the
Gateway. For example, if the Gateway is set to
192.168.1.1, change the IP address of your computer to
192.168.1.15 or another unique IP Address that
corresponds to the 192.168.1.X subnet.
• Press Reset on the back of the Gateway to revert to the
default settings.
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4 I can’t connect to other computers on my LAN.
• The IP Addresses of the computers are not set correctly.
Make sure that each computer has a unique IP Address. If
using DHCP through the AP Gateway, makes sure that
each computer is enable DHCP function and restart the
computer.
• Network cables are not connected properly. Make sure that
the Link LED is on. If it is not, try a different network cable.
• Windows network settings are not set correctly. Check
each computer for correct network settings.
5 I can’t access the Gateway from a wireless network card.
• Out of range. Make sure that your computer is within range
and free from any strong electrical devices that may cause
interference.
• IP Address is not set correctly. Make sure that the Mode,
SSID, Channel and encryption settings are set the same on
each wireless adapter.
• Check your IP Address to make sure that it is compatible
with the Gateway.
• Do not attempt to use the Gateway in a metal closet or other
enclosed area that prevents the antenna from sending and
receiving signals.
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6 I forgot my password. What do I do?
• Press and hold Reset on the back of the Gateway for 6-10
seconds. The Gateway then resets to factory defaults.
Reconfigure your Gateway all over again.
7 Why does the Gateway take a long time to boot and
get ready to use?
• The Wireless Media Gateway supports lots of features and
functions that requires it to load file server and drivers to
function appropriately. Therefore,it would need approximately
one minute to fully load all of these modules and drivers. In
order to provide optimal performance like streaming video,
print server, file server, the Gateway must load all of these
modules and drivers.
• If is recommended you do not cancel a large file transfer or
power off/on the Gateway. This might cause corruption on the
HDD. Wait until the process (file transfer) is complete.
8 How do I transfer content from my PC to the Gateway hard
drive?
See the Utilities section in this guide.
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Customer Support
Before contacting Customer Support,
check the Troubleshooting table on the
previous page for possible solutions to
any setup problems you have.
NOTE: For Customer Support or
product service you will need to provide
the product’s serial number (on the
back of the unit).
.
Country/Region
United States
Canada
Website
T = Telephone
(with email address)
F = FAX
www.viewsonic.com/support
T: (800) 688-6688
F: (909) 468-1202
T: (886) 463-4775
www.viewsonic.com/support
F: (909) 468-1202
The websites shown above will provide
the most current email addresses for
your Customer Support queries.
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Maintenance Instructions
Firmware Updates
• To ensure optimal Gateway performance, follow the
instructions in the Firmware Upgrade section of Chapter 4 on
Advanced Web Management Settings. Check the
ViewSonic website periodically for the most recent firmware.
• Follow the recommended HDD disk cleanup process.
Software Updates
To ensure optimal Gateway performance, check the ViewSonic website
periodically for the most recent software.
Cleaning Instructions
• CAUTION! Make sure the power cord is unplugged before
wiping the unit with a wet or damp cloth. Never spray or pour
any liquid directly onto the Gateway
.
• To ensure proper ventilation, wipe the Gateway clean of dust
especially around the vents and the in/out connections on a
regular basis.
• Use a clean, soft, lint-free cloth to remove dust and other
particles.
• If still not clean, apply a small amount of non-ammonia, non-
alcohol based glass cleaner onto a clean, soft, lint-free cloth,
and wipe the Gateway
.
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Regulatory Information
FCC Interference Statement
FCC (Federal Communication Commission) Interference
Statement
Class B Regulations
USA
This equipment complies with the limits for a class B digital
device as specified in Part 15 of FCC Rules which provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential area. This equipment generates and uses radio
frequency energy, and if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. In the unlikely event that there is interference to
radio or television reception (which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on), the user is encouraged to
try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
• Reorienting or relocating the receiving antenna (radio
or television).
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• Relocating the equipment with respect to the receiver.
• Consult your dealer or an experienced radio/television
technician.
• Any changes or modifications to the equipment not
expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the
user’s authority to operate this equipment.
• Use of a shielded interface cable is required to comply
with the Class B limits of Part 15 of FCC rules.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This
device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this
device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly
approved by the party responsible for compliance could void
the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
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Canada
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for
radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the
interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital
Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of
Communications.
Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits
radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de
Classe B prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur:
“Appareils Numériques,” NMB-003 édictée par le ministère
des Communications.
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Appendix
This Appendix has the following information:
• Specifications
• Limited Warranty
• Glossary
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Specifications
WLAN Standards
IEEE 802.11g
54, 48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9, 6 Mbps
11, 5.5, 2, 1 Mbps
IEEE 802.11b
Ports
WAN
LAN
USB
1
4
2
Windows®, 2000, XP Professional, XP Home
Pentium 200 Mhz or faster processor, 64 MB RAM recommended, CD-ROM drive
Compatibility
Operating Systems
Min. Sys. Req.
System Board Memory
Hard Drive
Flash
16 MB
64 MB
SDRAM
WMG80
WMG120
80 GB
120 GB
Antenna
Two external antennas
LED Status
LEDs
Power, Standby, WAN, WLAN, USB, Ethernet & Wireless Link/Activity
Networking Interface
Ethernet
Wireless
IEEE 802.3 10-base T, IEEE 802.3u 100-base T
IEEE 802.11g (2.4Ghz-OFDM)
Channels
1-11 United States, Canada
Output Power
100 mW e.i.r.p or Max 20 dBm e.i.r.p
*
Up to 100 meters indoors
Up to 400 meters indoors
Coverage Area
Wireless Security
64/128 bit WEP Encryption, (Windows XP SP1 and Windows 2000 SP4 only), and
MAC address filtering
Regulatory/Certifications
Integrated VPN Pass-thru
Physical Dimensions
FCC, IC, UL
Gateway supports VPN (L2TP and IPSec) traffic
Product with HDD
76 mm (H) x 148 mm (D) x 180 mm (W)
2.99” (H) x 5.83” (D) x 7.08” (W)
Weight
Net
Gross
2.5 lbs. (1.1 kg)
4.8 lbs. (2.2 kg)
* Performance varies depending on environment.
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Limited Warranty
Wireless Media Gateway Products
What the warranty covers:
ViewSonic® warrants its Gateway products to be free from defects in material and workmanship
during the warranty period. If a ViewSonic Gateway product proves to be defective in material or
workmanship during the warranty period, ViewSonic will, at its sole option, repair or replace the
product with a like product. Replacement product or parts may include remanufactured or
refurbished parts or components.
VIEWSONIC AND ITS SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
ANY SOFTWARE THAT MAY BE INCLUDED WITH THIS PRODUCT IS PROVIDED FREE OF
CHARGE AND ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING
WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES THAT IT IS FREE OF DEFECTS, MERCHANTABLE,
FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGING, OR COMPATIBLE WITH ANY OTHER
SOFTWARE. FOR YOUR SPECIFIC RIGHTS AND DUTIES, PLEASE SEE THE END-USER
LICENSE AGREEMENT (EULA) CONTAINED WITHIN THE SOFTWARE FOR YOUR PRODUCT.
How long the warranty is effective:
ViewSonic Gateway products are warranted for one (1) year for all parts and one (1) year for all
labor from the date of the first consumer purchase.
Who the warranty protects:
This warranty is valid only for the first consumer purchaser.
What the warranty does not cover:
1. Software
2. Any product on which the serial number has been defaced, modified or removed.
3. Damage, deterioration or malfunction resulting from:
a. Accident, misuse, neglect, fire, water, lightning, or other acts of nature, unauthorized
product modification, or failure to follow instructions supplied with the product.
b. Repair or attempted repair by anyone not authorized by ViewSonic.
c. Damage to or loss of any programs, data or removable storage media.
d. Software or data loss occurring during repair or replacement.
e. Any damage of the product due to shipment.
f. Removal or installation of the product.
g. Causes external to the product, such as electrical power fluctuations or failure.
h. Use of supplies or parts not meeting ViewSonic’s specifications.
i. Normal wear and tear.
j. Any other cause which does not relate to a product defect.
4. Removal, installation, and set-up service charges.
(Page 1 of 2)
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How to get service:
1. For information about receiving service under warranty, contact ViewSonic Customer
Support. You will need to provide your product’s serial number.
2. To obtain service under warranty, you will be required to provide (a) the original dated sales
slip, (b) your name, (c) your address, (d) a description of the problem, and (e) the serial
number of the product.
3. Take or ship the product freight prepaid in the original container to an authorized ViewSonic
service center or ViewSonic.
4. For additional information or the name of the nearest ViewSonic service center, contact
ViewSonic.
Limitation of implied warranties:
THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE
DESCRIPTION CONTAINED HEREIN INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Exclusion of damages:
VIEWSONIC’S LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO THE COST OF REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF
THE PRODUCT. VIEWSONIC SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR:
1. DAMAGE TO OTHER PROPERTY CAUSED BY ANY DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT,
DAMAGES BASED UPON INCONVENIENCE, LOSS OF USE OF THE PRODUCT, LOSS
OF DATA, LOSS OF TIME, LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY,
LOSS OF GOODWILL, INTERFERENCE WITH BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS, OR
OTHER COMMERCIAL LOSS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
2. ANY OTHER DAMAGES, WHETHER INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR
OTHERWISE.
3. ANY CLAIM AGAINST THE CUSTOMER BY ANY OTHER PARTY.
Effect of state law:
This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from
state to state. Some states do not allow limitations on implied warranties and/or do not allow the
exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations and exclusions may
not apply to you.
ViewSonic Gateway Products Warranty (V1.0)
Release Date: June 3, 2004
(Page 2 of 2)
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Glossary
10BaseT. An IEEE standard (802.3) for operating 10 Mbps
Ethernet networks (LANs) with twisted pair cabling and a wiring
hub.
802.11 standard. 802.11 or IEEE 802.11 is a type of radio
technology used for wireless local area networks (WLANs). It is a
standard that has been developed by the IEEE (Institute of
Electrical and Electronic Engineers), http://standards.ieee.org. The
IEEE is an international organization that develops standards for
hundreds of electronic and electrical technologies. The
organization uses a series of numbers, like the Dewey Decimal
system in libraries, to differentiate between the various technology
families.
The 802 subgroup (of the IEEE) develops standards for local and
wide area networks with the 802.11 section reviewing and creating
standards for wireless local area networks.
802.11 is composed of several standards operating in different
radio frequencies: 802.11b is a standard for wireless LANs
operating in the 2.4 GHz spectrum with a bandwidth of 11 Mbps;
802.11a is a different standard for wireless LANs, and pertains to
systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency range with a bandwidth
of 54 Mbps. Another standard, 802.11g, is for WLANS operating in
the 2.4 GHz frequency but with a bandwidth of 54 Mbps.
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802.11a. An IEEE specification for wireless networking that
operates in the 5 GHz frequency range (5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz)
with a maximum 54 Mbps data transfer rate. The 5 GHz frequency
band is not as crowded as the 2.4 GHz frequency, because the
802.11a specification offers more radio channels than the 802.11b.
These additional channels can help avoid radio and microwave
interference.
802.11b. International standard for wireless networking that
operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency range (2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz)
and provides a throughput of up to 11 Mbps. This is a very
commonly used frequency. Microwave ovens, cordless phones,
medical and scientific equipment, as well as Bluetooth devices, all
work within the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
802.11g. Similar to 802.11b, but this standard provides a
throughput of up to 54 Mbps. It also operates in the 2.4 GHz
frequency band but uses a different radio technology in order to
boost overall bandwidth.
Access point. A wireless LAN transceiver or “gateway” that can
connect a wired LAN to one or many wireless devices. Access
points can also bridge to each other. There are various types of
access points and base stations used in both wireless and wired
networks. These include bridges, hubs, switches, and Gateways.
The differences between them are not always precise, because
certain capabilities associated with one can also be added to
another. For example, a Gateway can do bridging, and a hub may
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also be a switch. But they are all involved in making sure data is
transferred from one location to another.
A bridge connects devices that all use the same kind of protocol. A
Gateway can connect networks that use differing protocols. It also
reads the addresses included in the packets and routes them to the
appropriate computer station, working with any other Gateway in
the network to choose the best path to send the packets on. A
wireless hub or access point adds a few capabilities such as
roaming and provides a network connection to a variety of clients,
but it does not allocate bandwidth. A switch is a hub that has extra
intelligence: It can read the address of a packet and send it to the
appropriate computer station. A wireless gateway is an access
point that provides additional capabilities such as NAT routing,
DHCP, firewalls, security, etc.
Ad-Hoc mode. A client setting that provides independent peer-to-
peer connectivity in a wireless LAN. An alternative set-up is one
where PCs communicate with each other through an AP.
Applet. An application or utility program that is designed to do a
very specific and limited task.
Backbone. The central part of a large network that links two or
more subnetworks and is the primary path for data transmission for
a large business or corporation. A network can have a wired
backbone or a wireless backbone.
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Bandwidth. The amount of transmission capacity that is available
on a network at any point in time. Available bandwidth depends on
several variables such as the rate of data transmission speed
between networked devices, network overhead, number of users,
and the type of device used to connect PCs to a network. It is
similar to a pipeline in that capacity is determined by size: the wider
the pipe, the more water can flow through it; the more bandwidth a
network provides, the more data can flow through it. Standard
802.11b provides a bandwidth of 11 Mbps; 802.11a and 802.11g
provide a bandwidth of 54 Mbps.
Bits per second (bps). A measure of data transmission speed
over communication lines based on the number of bits that can be
sent or received per second. Bits per second—bps—is often
confused with bytes per second—Bps. While "bits" is a measure of
transmission speed, "bytes" is a measure of storage capability. 8
bits make a byte, so if a wireless network is operating at a
bandwidth of 11 megabits per second (11 Mbps or 11 Mbits/sec), it
is sending data at 1.375 megabytes per second (1.375 MBps).
Bluetooth wireless technology. A technology specification for
linking portable computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and
mobile phones for short-range transmission of voice and data
across a global radio frequency band without the need for cables or
wires. Bluetooth is a frequency-hopping technology in the 2.4 GHz
frequency spectrum, with a range of 30 feet.
Bridge. A product that connects a local area network (LAN) to
another local area network that uses the same protocol (for
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example, wireless, Ethernet or token ring). Wireless bridges are
commonly used to link buildings in campuses.
Broadband. A comparatively fast Internet connection. Services
such as ISDN, cable modem, DSL and satellite are all considered
broadband as compared to dial-up Internet access. There is no
official speed definition of broadband but services of 100Kbps and
above are commonly thought of as broadband.
Bus adapter. A special adapter card that installs in a PC’s PCI or
ISA slot and enables the use of PC Card radios in desktop
computers. Some companies offer one-piece PCI or ISA Card
radios that install directly into an open PC or ISA slot.
Cable modem. A kind of converter used to connect a computer to
a cable TV service that provides Internet access. Most cable
modems have an Ethernet out-cable that then attaches to the
user's ‘ gateway.
Client. Any computer connected to a network that requests
services (files, print capability) from another member of the
network.
Client devices. Clients are end users. Wi-Fi client devices include
PC Cards that slide into laptop computers, mini-PCI modules
embedded in laptop computers and mobile computing devices, as
well as USB radios and PCI/ISA bus Wi-Fi radios. Client devices
usually communicate with hub devices like access points and
gateways.
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Collision avoidance. A network node characteristic for proactively
detecting that it can transmit a signal without risking a collision.
Crossover cable. A special cable used for networking two
computers without the use of a hub. Crossover cables may also be
required for connecting a cable or DSL modem to a wireless
gateway or access point. Instead of the signals transferring in
parallel paths from one set of plugs to another, the signals
"crossover." If an eight-wire cable was being used, for instance, the
signal would start on pin one at one end of the cable and end up on
pin eight at the other end. They "cross-over" from one side to the
other.
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CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Avoidance). The principle medium access method employed by
IEEE 802.11 WLANs. It is a "listen before talk": method of
minimizing (but not eliminating) collisions caused by simultaneous
transmission by multiple radios. IEEE 802.11 states collision
avoidance method rather than collision detection must be used,
because the standard employs half duplex radios—radios capable
of transmission or reception—but not both simultaneously. Unlike
conventional wired Ethernet nodes, a WLAN station cannot detect
a collision while transmitting. If a collision occurs, the transmitting
station will not receive an ACKnowledge packet from the intended
receive station. For this reason, ACK packets have a higher priority
than all other network traffic. After completion of a data
transmission, the receive station will begin transmission of the ACK
packet before any other node can begin transmitting a new data
packet. All other stations must wait a longer pseudo randomized
period of time before transmitting. If an ACK packet is not received,
the transmitting station will wait for a subsequent opportunity to
retry transmission.
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection). A
method of managing traffic and reducing noise on an Ethernet
network. A network device transmits data after detecting that a
channel is available. However, if two devices transmit data
simultaneously, the sending devices detect a collision and
retransmit after a random time delay.
DC power module. Modules that convert AC power to DC.
Depending on manufacturer and product, these modules can range
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from typical "wall wart" transformers that plug into a wall socket and
provide DC power via a tiny plug to larger, enterprise-level Power
Over Ethernet systems that inject DC power into the Ethernet
cables connecting access points.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). A utility that enables
a server to dynamically assign IP addresses from a predefined list
and limit their time of use so that they can be reassigned. Without
DHCP, an IT Manager would have to manually enter in all the IP
addresses of all the computers on the network. When DHCP is
used, whenever a computer logs onto the network, it automatically
gets an IP address assigned to it.
Dial-up. A communication connection via the standard telephone
network, or Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS).
Diversity antenna - A type of antenna system that uses two
antennas to maximize reception and transmission quality and
reduce interference.
DNS (Domain Name System, or Service, or Server). A program
that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database
maintained on a collection of Internet servers. The program works
behind the scenes to facilitate surfing the Web with alpha versus
numeric addresses. A DNS server converts a name like
mywebsite.com to a series of numbers like 107.22.55.26. Every
website has its own specific IP address on the Internet.
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DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines). Various technology protocols for
high-speed data, voice and video transmission over ordinary
twisted-pair copper POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) telephone
wires.
Encryption key. An alphanumeric (letters and/or numbers) series
that enables data to be encrypted and then decrypted so it can be
safely shared among members of a network. WEP uses an
encryption key that automatically encrypts outgoing wireless data.
On the receiving side, the same encryption key enables the
computer to automatically decrypt the information so it can be read.
ESSID (Extended Service Set ID). The identifying name of an
802.11 wireless network. When you specify your correct ESSID in
your client setup you ensure that you connect to your wireless
network rather than another network in range. (See SSID.) The
ESSID can be called by different terms, such as Network Name,
Preferred Network, SSID or Wireless LAN Service Area.
Ethernet. International standard networking technology for wired
implementations. Basic 10BaseT networks offer a bandwidth of
about 10 Mbps. Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) and Gigabit Ethernet
(1000 Mbps) are becoming popular.
Firewall. A system that secures a network and prevents access by
unauthorized users. Firewalls can be software, hardware or a
combination of both. Firewalls can prevent unrestricted access into
a network, as well as restrict data from flowing out of a network.
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Gateway. In the wireless world, a gateway is an access point with
additional software capabilities such as providing NAT and DHCP.
Gateways may also provide VPN support, roaming, firewalls,
various levels of security, etc.
HotSpot. A place where you can access Wi-Fi service. This can be
for free or for a fee. HotSpots can be inside a coffeeshop, airport
lounge, train station, convention center, hotel or any other public
meeting area. Corporations and campuses are also implementing
HotSpots to provide wireless Internet access to their visitors and
guests. In some parts of the world, HotSpots are known as
CoolSpots.
Hub. A multiport device used to connect PCs to a network via
Ethernet cabling or via WiFi. Wired hubs can have numerous ports
and can transmit data at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to
multigigabyte speeds per second. A hub transmits packets it
receives to all the connected ports. A small wired hub may only
connect four computers; a large hub can connect 48 or more.
Wireless hubs can connect hundreds.
HZ (Hertz). The international unit for measuring frequency,
equivalent to the older unit of cycles per second. One megahertz
(MHz) is one million hertz. One gigahertz (GHz) is one billion hertz.
The standard US electrical power frequency is 60 Hz, the AM
broadcast radio frequency band is 535—1605 kHz, the FM
broadcast radio frequency band is 88—108 MHz, and wireless
802.11b LANs operate at 2.4 GHz.
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IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), New York,
www.ieee.org. A membership organization that includes engineers,
scientists and students in electronics and allied fields. It has more
than 300,000 members and is involved with setting standards for
computers and communications.
IEEE802.11. A set of specifications for LANs from The Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Most wired networks
conform to 802.3, the specification for CSMA/CD based Ethernet
networks or 802.5, the specification for token ring networks. 802.11
defines the standard for wireless LANs encompassing three
incompatible (non-interoperable) technologies: Frequency Hopping
Spread Spectrum (FHSS), Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
(DSSS) and Infrared. WECA’s focus is on 802.11b, an 11 Mbps
high-rate DSSS standard for wireless networks.
Infrastructure mode. A client setting providing connectivity to an
AP. As compared to Ad-Hoc mode, whereby PCs communicate
directly with each other, clients set in Infrastructure Mode all pass
data through a central AP. The AP not only mediates wireless
network traffic in the immediate neighborhood, but also provides
communication with the wired network. See Ad-Hoc and AP.
Internet appliance. A computer that is intended primarily for
Internet access, is simple to set up and usually does not support
installation of third-party software. These computers generally offer
customized web browsing, touch-screen navigation, e-mail
services, entertainment and personal information management
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applications. An Internet appliance can be Wi-Fi enabled or it can
be connected via a cable to the local network.
IP (telephony). Technology that supports voice, data and video
transmission via IP-based LANs, WANs, and the Internet. This
includes VoIP (Voice over IP).
IP address. A 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver
of information that is sent across the Internet. An IP address has
two parts: an identifier of a particular network on the Internet and
an identifier of the particular device (which can be a server or a
workstation) within that network.
IPX-SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange-Sequenced Packet
Exchange). IPX is a networking protocol used by the Novell
NetWare operating systems. Like UDP/IP, IPX is a datagram
protocol used for connectionless communications. Higher-level
protocols, such as SPX and NCP, are used for additional error
recovery services. SPX is a transport layer protocol (layer 4 of the
OSI Model) used in Novell Netware networks. The SPX layer sits
on top of the IPX layer (layer 3) and provides connection-oriented
services between two nodes on the network. SPX is used primarily
by client/server applications. Whereas the IPX protocol is similar to
IP, SPX is similar to TCP. Together, therefore, IPX-SPX provides
connection services similar to TCP/IP.
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture). A type of internal computer
bus that allows the addition of card-based components like
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modems and network adapters. ISA has been replaced by PCI and
is not very common anymore.
ISO Network Model (International Standards Organization). A
network model developed by the ISO that consists of seven
different levels, or layers. By standardizing these layers, and the
interfaces in between, different portions of a given protocol can be
modified or changed as technologies advance or systems
requirements are altered. The seven layers are:
• Physical
• Data Link
• Network
• Transport
• Session
• Presentation
• Application
The IEEE 802.11 Standard encompasses the physical layer (PHY)
and the lower portion of the data link layer. The lower portion of the
data link layer is often referred to as the Medium Access Controller
(MAC) sublayer.
ISS (Internet Security Services). A special software application that
allows all PCs on a network access to the Internet simultaneously
through a single connection and Internet Service Provider (ISP)
account.
LAN (Local Area Network). A system of connecting PCs and other
devices within the same physical proximity for sharing resources
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such as an Internet connections, printers, files and drives. When
Wi-Fi is used to connect the devices, the system is known as a
wireless LAN or WLAN.
MAC (Medium Access Controller). Every wireless 802.11 device
has its own specific MAC address hard-coded into it. This unique
identifier can be used to provide security for wireless networks.
When a network uses a MAC table, only the 802.11 radios that
have had their MAC addresses added to that network’s MAC table
will be able to get onto the network.
Mapping. Assigning a PC to a shared drive or printer port on a
network.
NAT (Network Address Translation). A network capability that
enables a houseful of computers to dynamically share a single
incoming IP address from a dial-up, cable or xDSL connection.
NAT takes the single incoming IP address and creates new IP
address for each client computer on the network. NAT provides a
type of firewall by hiding internal IP addresses.
Network name. Identifies the wireless network for all the shared
components. During the installation process for most wireless
networks, enter the network name or SSID. Different network
names are used when setting up your individual computer, wired
network or workgroup.
NIC (Network Interface Card). An expansion board you insert into a
computer so the computer can be connected to a network. A NIC is
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a type of PC adapter card that either works without wires (Wi-Fi) or
attaches to a network cable to provide two-way communication
between the computer and network devices such as a hub or
switch. Most office wired NICs operate at 10 Mbps (Ethernet), 100
Mbps (Fast Ethernet) or 10/100 Mbps dual speed. High-speed
Gigabit and 10 Gigabit NIC cards are also available. See PC Card.
PC Card. A removable, credit-card-sized memory or I/O device
that fits into a Type 2 PCMCIA standard slot, PC Cards are used
primarily in PCs, portable computers, PDAs and laptops. PC Card
peripherals include Wi-Fi cards, memory cards, modems, NICs,
hard drives, etc.
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect). A high-performance I/O
computer bus used internally on most computers. Other bus types
include ISA and AGP. PCIs and other computer buses enable the
addition of internal cards that provide services and features not
supported by the motherboard or other connectors.
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International
Association). Expansion cards now referred to as “PC Cards” were
originally called “PCMCIA Cards” because they met the standards
created by the PCMCIA.
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Peer-to-peer network. A wireless or wired computer network that
has no server or central hub or Gateway. All the networked PCs
are equally able to act as a network server or client, and each client
computer can talk to all the other wireless computers without
having to go through an access point or hub. However, since there
is no central base station to monitor traffic or provide Internet
access, the various signals can collide with each other, reducing
overall performance.
PHY (Physical Layer). The lowest layer within the OSI Network
Model. It deals primarily with transmission of the raw bit stream
over the PHYsical transport medium. In the case of wireless LANs,
the transport medium is free space. The PHY defines parameters
such as data rates, modulation method, signaling parameters,
transmitter/receiver synchronization, etc. Within an actual radio
implementation, the PHY corresponds to the radio front end and
baseband signal processing sections.
Proxy server. Used in larger companies and organizations to
improve network operations and security, a proxy server is able to
prevent direct communication between two or more networks. The
proxy server forwards allowable data requests to remote servers
and/or responds to data requests directly from stored remote
server data.
Range. How far will your wireless network stretch? Most Wi-Fi
systems will provide a range of a hundred feet or more. Depending
on the environment and the type of antenna used, Wi-Fi signals
can have a range of up to mile.
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Residential gateway. A wireless device that connects multiple
PCs, peripherals and the Internet on a home network. Most Wi-Fi
residential gateways provide DHCP and NAT as well.
RJ-45. Standard connectors used in Ethernet networks. Even
though they look very similar to standard RJ-11 telephone
connectors, RJ-45 connectors can have up to eight wires, whereas
telephone connectors have only four.
Roaming. Moving seamlessly from one AP coverage area to
another with no loss in connectivity.
Router. A device that forwards data packets from one local area
network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) to another. Based on
routing tables and routing protocols, routers can read the network
address in each transmitted frame and make a decision on how to
send it via the most efficient route based on traffic load, line costs,
speed, bad connections, etc.
Server. A computer that provides its resources to other computers
and devices on a network. These include print servers, Internet
servers and data servers. A server can also be combined with a
hub or router.
SSID (Service Set Identifier). A 32-character unique identifier
attached to the header of packets sent over a WLAN that acts as a
password when a mobile device tries to connect to the BSS. (Also
called ESSID.) The SSID differentiates one WLAN from another, so
all access points and all devices attempting to connect to a specific
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WLAN must use the same SSID. A device will not be permitted to
join the BSS unless it can provide the unique SSID. Because an
SSID can be sniffed in plain text from a packet, it does not supply
any security to the network. An SSID is also referred to as a
Network Name because essentially it is a name that identifies a
wireless network.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). Commonly used encryption scheme
used by many online retail and banking sites to protect the financial
integrity of transactions. When an SSL session begins, the server
sends its public key to the browser. The browser then sends a
randomly generated secret key back to the server in order to have
a secret key exchange for that session.
Subnetwork or Subnet. Found in larger networks, these smaller
networks are used to simplify addressing between numerous
computers. Subnets connect to the central network through a
Gateway, hub or gateway. Each individual wireless LAN will
probably use the same subnet for all the local computers it talks to.
Switch. A type of hub that efficiently controls the way multiple
devices use the same network so that each can operate at optimal
performance. A switch acts as a networks traffic cop: rather than
transmitting all the packets it receives to all ports as a hub does, a
switch transmits packets to only the receiving port.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). A protocol used along with
the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of individual units
(called packets) between computers over the Internet. While IP
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takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data, TCP takes
care of keeping track of the packets that a message is divided into
for efficient routing through the Internet. For example, when a web
page is downloaded from a web server, the TCP program layer in
that server divides the file into packets, numbers the packets, and
then forwards them individually to the IP program layer. Although
each packet has the same destination IP address, it may get routed
differently through the network. At the other end, TCP reassembles
the individual packets and waits until they have all arrived to
forward them as a single file.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).The
underlying technology behind the Internet and communications
between computers in a network. The first part, TCP, is the
transport part, which matches the size of the messages on either
end and guarantees that the correct message has been received.
The IP part is the user’s computer address on a network. Every
computer in a TCP/IP network has its own IP address that is either
dynamically assigned at startup or permanently assigned. All TCP/
IP messages contain the address of the destination network as well
as the address of the destination station. This enables TCP/IP
messages to be transmitted to multiple networks (subnets) within
an organization or worldwide.
UPnP. A networking architecture that provides compatibility among
networking equipment, software and peripherals of the 400+
vendors that are part of the Universal Plug and Play Forum. UPnP
works with wired or wireless networks and can be supported on
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any operating system. UPnP boasts device-driver independence
and zero-configuration networking.
USB (Universal Serial Bus). A high-speed bidirectional serial
connection between a PC and a peripheral that transmits data at
the rate of 12 megabits per second.
VoIP (VoiceOver Internet Protocol). Voice transmission using
Internet Protocol to create digital packets distributed over the
Internet. VoIP can be less expensive than voice transmission using
standard analog packets over POTS (Plain Old Telephone
Service).
VPN (Virtual Private Network). A type of technology designed to
increase the security of information transferred over the Internet.
VPN can work with either wired or wireless networks, as well as
with dial-up connections over POTS. VPN creates a private
encrypted tunnel from the end user’s computer, through the local
wireless network, through the Internet, all the way to the corporate
servers and database.
WAN (Wireless Area Network). A communication system of
connecting PCs and other computing devices across a large local,
regional, national or international geographic area. Also used to
distinguish between phone-based data networks and Wi-Fi. Phone
networks are considered WANs and Wi-Fi networks are considered
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).
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WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy). Basic wireless security provided
by Wi-Fi. In some instances, WEP may be all a home or small-
business user needs to protect wireless data. WEP is available in
40-bit (also called 64-bit), or in 108-bit (also called 128-bit)
encryption modes. As 108-bit encryption provides a longer
algorithm that takes longer to decode, it can provide better security
than basic 40-bit (64-bit) encryption.
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network). Also referred to as LAN. A
type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio waves
rather than wires to communicate between nodes.
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