®
Model 187 & 189
True RMS Multimeter
Users Manual
August 2000, Rev.2, 6/02
© 2000, 2002 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
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Chapter
1
Title
Page
Before You Start .......................................................................................................... 1-1
Safety Information.......................................................................................................... 1-1
Contacting Fluke............................................................................................................ 1-1
Symbols......................................................................................................................... 1-4
2
Getting Acquainted...................................................................................................... 2-1
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 2-1
Turning the Meter On..................................................................................................... 2-1
Battery Considerations .................................................................................................. 2-2
Automatic Power Off................................................................................................. 2-2
Automatic Backlight Off............................................................................................. 2-3
Low Battery Indication............................................................................................... 2-3
Rotary Switch................................................................................................................. 2-4
Pushbuttons................................................................................................................... 2-5
i
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Selecting the Range....................................................................................................... 2-10
Understanding the Display............................................................................................. 2-10
Primary Display ......................................................................................................... 2-10
Secondary Display..................................................................................................... 2-11
Bar Graph.................................................................................................................. 2-11
Using the Input Terminals .............................................................................................. 2-17
Using Display Hold......................................................................................................... 2-18
Using AutoHOLD............................................................................................................ 2-19
Using MIN MAX.............................................................................................................. 2-19
Using FAST MN MX....................................................................................................... 2-21
Using HOLD with MIN MAX or FAST MN MX............................................................ 2-22
Using Relative Mode (REL)............................................................................................ 2-22
3
Making Measurements................................................................................................. 3-1
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3-1
Measuring Voltage ......................................................................................................... 3-1
Measuring AC Voltage............................................................................................... 3-2
dB Measurements in AC Volts Functions.................................................................. 3-3
Measuring DC Voltage .............................................................................................. 3-4
Both AC and DC Voltage Measurements.................................................................. 3-4
Measuring Resistance.................................................................................................... 3-6
Testing for Continuity ..................................................................................................... 3-8
Using Conductance for High Resistance Tests.............................................................. 3-9
Measuring Capacitance.................................................................................................. 3-12
Testing Diodes ............................................................................................................... 3-13
Measuring Temperature................................................................................................. 3-15
Measuring Current ......................................................................................................... 3-16
Input Alert™ Feature................................................................................................. 3-17
ii
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Measuring AC Current .............................................................................................. 3-18
Measuring DC Current.............................................................................................. 3-20
Measuring Frequency.................................................................................................... 3-22
Measuring Duty Cycle.................................................................................................... 3-23
Measuring Pulse Width.................................................................................................. 3-25
4
Using Memory & Communications Features ............................................................ 4-1
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 4-1
Types of Memory........................................................................................................... 4-1
Saved Readings Memory.......................................................................................... 4-1
Logged Readings Memory........................................................................................ 4-1
Storing Saved Readings................................................................................................ 4-2
Starting Logging ............................................................................................................ 4-2
Stopping Logging........................................................................................................... 4-2
Viewing Memory Data.................................................................................................... 4-3
Clearing Memory ........................................................................................................... 4-5
Using Communications (187 and 189) .......................................................................... 4-5
5
Changing the Default Settings ................................................................................... 5-1
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 5-1
Selecting Setup Options................................................................................................ 5-1
Adjusting the Temperature Offset.................................................................................. 5-4
Selecting Display Resolution (3 1/2 or 4 1/2 Digits)...................................................... 5-6
Setting the Power Off Timeout....................................................................................... 5-6
Setting the 24-Hour Clock.............................................................................................. 5-7
Setting the Line (Main) Frequency................................................................................. 5-7
Returning to Factory Defaults........................................................................................ 5-8
Saving Setup Options.................................................................................................... 5-8
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
6
Maintenance ................................................................................................................. 6-1
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6-1
General Maintenance..................................................................................................... 6-1
Testing the Fuses........................................................................................................... 6-1
Replacing the Batteries.................................................................................................. 6-3
Replacing the Fuses ...................................................................................................... 6-5
User-Replaceable Parts................................................................................................. 6-5
In Case of Difficulty ........................................................................................................ 6-5
7
Specifications............................................................................................................... 7-1
Safety and Compliances ................................................................................................ 7-1
Physical Specifications................................................................................................... 7-2
Feature Summary........................................................................................................... 7-3
Basic Specifications ....................................................................................................... 7-4
Detailed Accuracy Specifications ................................................................................... 7-5
Frequency Counter Sensitivity ....................................................................................... 7-11
Burden Voltage (A, mA, µA)........................................................................................... 7-11
Input Characteristics....................................................................................................... 7-12
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List of Tables
Table
Title
Page
1-1. Safety Information................................................................................................................. 1-2
1-2. International Electrical Symbols............................................................................................ 1-4
2-1. Rotary Switch Selections ...................................................................................................... 2-6
2-2. Pushbuttons.......................................................................................................................... 2-8
2-3. Display Features................................................................................................................... 2-13
3-1. Current Measurement........................................................................................................... 3-16
4-1. View Display ......................................................................................................................... 4-4
5-1. Function Specific Setup Selections....................................................................................... 5-2
5-2. Common Setup Selections ................................................................................................... 5-3
6-1. User-Replaceable Parts........................................................................................................ 6-6
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
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Figure
Title
Page
2-1. AC Volts Display................................................................................................................... 2-2
2-2. Rotary Switch........................................................................................................................ 2-4
2-3. Pushbuttons.......................................................................................................................... 2-5
2-4. Display Features................................................................................................................... 2-12
2-5. Input Terminals..................................................................................................................... 2-17
2-6. Display Hold and AutoHOLD ................................................................................................ 2-18
2-7. Min Max Avg ......................................................................................................................... 2-21
2-8. Relative Mode....................................................................................................................... 2-22
3-1. AC Voltage Measurement..................................................................................................... 3-2
3-2. dBm Display.......................................................................................................................... 3-3
3-3. AC and DC Display............................................................................................................... 3-5
3-4. DC Voltage Measurement..................................................................................................... 3-6
3-5. Resistance Measurement ..................................................................................................... 3-7
3-6. Continuity Test...................................................................................................................... 3-10
3-7. Conductance Measurement.................................................................................................. 3-11
3-8. Capacitance Measurement................................................................................................... 3-13
3-9. Diode Test ............................................................................................................................ 3-14
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
3-10. Temperature Measurement................................................................................................... 3-15
3-11. AC Current Measurement...................................................................................................... 3-19
3-12. DC Current Measurement ..................................................................................................... 3-21
3-13. Functions Allowing Frequency Measurement........................................................................ 3-22
3-14. Hz Display ............................................................................................................................. 3-23
3-15. Duty Cycle Measurements .................................................................................................... 3-24
3-16. Duty Cycle Display ................................................................................................................ 3-25
3-17. Pulse Width Measurements................................................................................................... 3-26
3-18. Pulse Width Display .............................................................................................................. 3-27
4-1. View Display.......................................................................................................................... 4-4
5-1. Adjusting Temperature Offset ............................................................................................... 5-5
6-1. Testing the Current Fuses..................................................................................................... 6-2
6-2. Battery and Fuse Replacement............................................................................................. 6-4
viii
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Chapter 1
Before You Start
Safety Information
Contacting Fluke
The Fluke Model 187 and Model 189 True RMS
Multimeters (hereafter referred to as the “meter”) comply
with:
To order accessories, receive assistance, or locate the
nearest Fluke distributor or Service Center, call:
USA: 1-888-99-FLUKE (1-888-993-5853)
Canada: 1-800-36-FLUKE (1-800-363-5853)
Europe: +31 402-678-200
Japan: +81-3-3434-0181
Singapore: +65-738-5655
•
•
•
•
•
•
EN61010.1:1993
ANSI/ISA S82.01-1994
CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-92
1000V Overvoltage Category III, Pollution Degree 2
600V Overvoltage Category IV, Pollution Degree 2
UL 3111-1
Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-5500
Address correspondence to:
Use the meter only as specified in this manual. Otherwise,
the protection provided by the meter may be impaired.
Refer to safety information in Table 1-1.
Fluke Corporation
P.O. Box 9090,
Everett, WA 98206-9090
USA
Fluke Europe B.V.
P.O. Box 1186,
5602 BD Eindhoven
The Netherlands
A Warning identifies conditions and actions that pose
hazards to the user. A Caution identifies conditions and
actions that may damage the meter or the equipment
under test.
Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.fluke.com
1-1
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Table 1-1. Safety Information
WWarning
To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury, follow these guidelines:
•
•
•
•
Do not use the meter if it is damaged. Before you use the meter, inspect the case. Look for cracks or
missing plastic. Pay particular attention to the insulation surrounding the connectors.
Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation or exposed metal. Check the test leads for continuity.
Replace damaged test leads before you use the meter.
If this product is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the
equipment may be impaired.
Do not use the meter if it operates abnormally. Protection may be impaired. When in doubt, have the
meter serviced.
•
•
Do not operate the meter around explosive gas, vapor, or dust.
Do not apply more than the rated voltage, as marked on the meter, between terminals or between any
terminal and earth ground.
•
•
Before use, verify the meter’s operation by measuring a known voltage.
When measuring current, turn off circuit power before connecting the meter in the circuit. Remember
to place the meter in series with the circuit.
•
•
When servicing the meter, use only specified replacement parts.
Use caution when working above 30 V ac rms, 42 V peak, or 60 V dc. Such voltages pose a shock
hazard.
•
Avoid working alone.
1-2
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Before You Start
Safety Information
1
Table 1-1. Safety Information (cont.)
WWarning
•
•
When using the probes, keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the probes.
Connect the common test lead before you connect the live test lead. When you disconnect test leads,
disconnect the live test lead first.
•
•
•
Remove test leads from the meter before you open the battery door.
Do not operate the meter with the battery door or portions of the cover removed or loosened.
To avoid false readings, which could lead to possible electric shock or personal injury, replace the
batteries as soon as the low battery indicator (M) appears.
•
•
Use only type AA batteries, properly installed in the meter case, to power the meter.
To avoid the potential for fire or electrical shock, do not connect the thermocouples to electrically live
circuits.
Caution
To avoid possible damage to the meter or to the equipment under test, follow these guidelines:
•
Disconnect circuit power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors before testing resistance,
continuity, diodes, or capacitance.
•
•
Use the proper terminals, function, and range for your measurements.
Before measuring current, check the meter’s fuses and turn power OFF to the circuit before
connecting the meter to the circuit.
1-3
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Symbols
Symbols used on the meter and in this manual are
explained in Table 1-2.
Table 1-2. International Electrical Symbols
AC (Alternating Current)
DC (Direct Current)
AC and DC
Earth ground
Fuse
Double insulated
Battery
Important information
Complies with European Union directives
Complies with relevant Canadian
Standards Association directives
Inspected and licensed by TÜV Product
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
Services.
1-4
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Chapter 2
Getting Acquainted
Introduction
Turning the Meter On
Although this manual describes the operation of both
Models 187 and 189, all illustrations and examples
assume use of Model 189. Additional capabilities with
Model 189 are discussed in Chapter 4. These capabilities
include the following:
To turn the meter on, turn the rotary switch from OFF to
any switch setting.
The ac volts function (shown in Figure 2-1) is assumed in
the following discussion. You do not need connections to
the input terminals at this time.
•
An enhanced memory function that features an
additional position (VIEW MEM) on the rotary switch.
If you want a view of the full display (all segments
illuminated), press and hold Qwhile turning the meter
on. Release the button when you are done viewing the full
display.
•
•
•
Logging
Save
Memory
2-1
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Automatic Power Off
The display blanks and the meter goes into a “sleep”
mode if you have not changed the rotary switch position or
pressed a button for a set period. While in Sleep mode,
pressing any button turns the meter on. The meter then
returns to the display for the function selected with the
rotary switch; all previously activated button features
(HOLD, Hz, etc.) are discarded.
tc031f.eps
Figure 2-1. AC Volts Display
The automatic power off is preset to 15 minutes. From the
Setup menu (see Chapter 5), you can specify a maximum
period of 23 hours, 59 minutes. If you set the period to 0,
the meter remains on until you turn the rotary switch to
OFF or the batteries become too weak.
Battery Considerations
The meter uses four AA alkaline batteries. The following
paragraphs describe several techniques used to conserve
battery power.
Automatic power off does not occur if the meter is in MIN
MAX, FAST MN MX, AutoHOLD, or LOGGING
(Model 189) mode.
2-2
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Getting Acquainted
Battery Considerations
2
Automatic Backlight Off
Low Battery Indication
Press Tto select the backlight level (low, high, or off.) In
low or high, the backlight turns off automatically after a
given period. This period is also preset to 15 minutes and
can be set to a maximum of 99 minutes from the setup
menu. If the period is set to 0, the backlight is on
indefinitely and can only be turned off by pressing Tor
turning the meter off.
A constant battery icon ( B) in the upper left corner of
the display notifies you that the batteries are low and
should be replaced.
WWarning
To avoid false readings, which could lead to
possible electric shock or personal injury,
replace the batteries as soon as the battery
icon ( B) appears.
Note
See Chapter 5 for power off and backlight off
setup information.
A flashing battery icon means that battery failure is
imminent. The backlight cannot be used in this condition.
MIN MAX and FAST MN MX features turn off. For Model
189, logging and communications also cease.
2-3
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
The rotary switch is shown in Figure 2-2. Each position is
described in Table 2-1.
Rotary Switch
Turn the meter on by selecting any measurement function
(identified with white letters around the rotary switch). The
meter presents a standard display for that function (range,
measurement units, modifiers, etc.) The display may also
be influenced by some of the choices made in Setup.
nS
F
C
mV
Use the blue button to select any rotary switch alternate
function (labeled in blue letters). You can also use other
buttons to choose modifiers for the selected function.
ac+dc
A
V
mA
ac+dc
When you turn the rotary switch from one function to
another, a display for the new function appears. Button
choices made in one function do not carry over into
another function.
A
mV
dB
A
V
mA
With Model 189, a VIEW MEM switch position is available;
refer to Chapter 4 for more information.
dB
ac+dc
OFF
A
ac+dc
VIEW MEM
CLEAR MEM
tc012f.eps
Figure 2-2. Rotary Switch
2-4
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Getting Acquainted
Pushbuttons
2
Pushbuttons
LOGGING
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
YES
NO
The buttons activate features that augment the function
selected with the rotary switch. The buttons are shown in
Figure 2-3 and described in Table 2-2.
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
Use the blue button ( %) to access functions labeled in
blue for some of the rotary switch positions. Table 2-1
defines all blue button functions.
ms
Hz %
RANGE
SETUP
Use the yellow button ( O) followed by other buttons
to access additional features. These features appear in
yellow above the appropriate keys. Table 2-2 defines
yellow button features. This manual identifies the yellow
button feature in parentheses following the button
sequence . For example, activating the FAST MN MX
mode appears as OM(FAST MN MX).
tc013f.eps
Figure 2-3. Pushbuttons
The following yellow button features are not available on
Model 187: (YES), (NO), (LOGGING), and (SAVE).
2-5
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Table 2-1. Rotary Switch Selections
Position
Rotary Switch Function
%Blue Key Function
dB over AC, AC over dB
AC voltage measurement from 0 V to 1000.0 V
AC millivolt measurement from 0 mV to 3000.0 mV
DC voltage measurement from 0 V to 1000.0 V
DC millivolt measurement from 0 mV to 3000.0 mV
\
dB over AC, AC over dB
,
$
m
j
AC over DC (AC in primary display, DC in secondary
display), DC over AC, ac+dc
AC over DC (AC in primary display, DC in secondary
display), DC over AC, ac+dc
Resistance measurement from 0 Ω to 500.0 MΩ
Continuity test
Conductance measurement from 0 nS to 50.00 nS
Diode test
Capacitance measurement from 0.001 nF to 50 mF
z
Temperature measurement
Toggles between °C and °F.
w
2-6
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Getting Acquainted
Pushbuttons
2
Table 2-1. Rotary Switch Positions (cont.)
Rotary Switch Function
%Blue Key Function
Position
AC current measurements from 0 mA to 20.000 A
AC current measurements from 0 µA to 5000.0 µA
DC current measurements from 0 mA to 20.000 A
DC current measurements from 0 µA to 5000.0 µA
none
I
none
=
K
AC over DC (AC in primary display, DC in secondary
display), DC over AC, ac+dc
AC over DC (AC in primary display, DC in secondary
display), DC over AC, ac+dc
x
VIEW
MEM
(Model 189 only.) Access data held in the meter’s
memory. See Chapter 4 for more information.
CLEAR MEM. See Chapter 4 for more information.
2-7
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Table 2-2. Pushbuttons
Yellow Button
Function
Button
Description
Description
Note
Press Oto access “Yellow Button Functions.” The Obox and the 24-hour clock appear in the lower corners
of the display and the primary display freezes, allowing time to press a second button.
T
l
Press to turn backlight on or off. Also, in Setup, use
SETUP
Press to access Setup selections.
Press to store a Setup selection and
proceed to the next selection.
the arrow function (l) to select the previous digit or O T
item in a list.
Q
M
Press to freeze the displayed value. Press again to
release the display.
AutoHOLD
Press to begin AutoHOLD; the last
stable reading is displayed.
OQ
Press to start retaining min, max, and average values.
FAST MN MX
Press to start FAST MN MX mode,
where min and max values for short
duration events are stored.
Press successively to display max, min, and average OM
values. Press ON(CANCEL) to stop.
D
Press to store the present reading as an offset
LOGGING
Press to start and stop Logging
(Model 189). Press O+ N
(CANCEL) to stop.
reference; subsequent readings show only the relative OD
difference from this value. Press again to show the
difference as a percentage of the reference.
2-8
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Getting Acquainted
Pushbuttons
2
Table 2-2. Pushbuttons (cont.)
Yellow Button
Button
Description
Function
Description
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In Setup, increment a digit .
(none)
In counter functions, select positive pulse slope.
In ohms continuity, select beep on open.
In VIEW MEM, see Chapter 4 (Model 189).
In Setup, decrement a digit .
In counter functions, select negative pulse slope.
In ohms continuity, select beep on short.
In VIEW MEM, see Chapter 4 (Model 189).
[
]
(none)
R
N
Exit AUTO and enter MANUAL ranging. In MANUAL,
select next input range. Press ON
(CANCEL) to return to AUTO.
SAVE
Press to save present reading
(Model 189)
OR
Successively press for frequency, duty cycle, and
pulse width.
CANCEL
CANCEL any %(blue key) function
ON
and all other button features.
%
s
The blue button. Press to access blue functions on
the rotary switch. In Setup, use arrow function ( s) to
select the next digit or item in a list.
(none)
2-9
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Selecting the Range
Understanding the Display
Press Rto select either a fixed range or the
Display features are shown in Figure 2-4 and described in
Table 2-3. Major display features are described in the
following paragraphs.
autorange feature.
Note
Note
You cannot use Rin conductance, diode
test, and temperature functions or with the REL,
MIN MAX, and FAST MN MX features. These
selections all use a specific fixed range.
You can show all display segments (as shown in
Figure 2-4) by pressing Qwhile turning the
meter on. Release Qto turn off the full
display.
Autoranging (AUTO lighted in the display) always comes
on initially when you select a new function. In autorange,
the meter selects the lowest input range possible,
ensuring that the reading appears with the highest
available precision (resolution).
Primary Display
The primary display usually shows the present reading for
the rotary switch function. For most of these functions, the
primary display can be set to show 4 or 5 digits. See
Chapter 5 for more information about display digits.
If AUTO is already on, press Rto enter MANUAL
ranging in the present range. You can then select the next
manual range each time you press R. Return to
autoranging by pressing ON(CANCEL).
Other uses for this display are:
•
•
AutoHOLD: most recent held reading.
MIN MAX: maximum, minimum, or average value.
2-10
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Getting Acquainted
Understanding the Display
2
•
•
dB (in ac volts functions): the dBm or dBV value.
Bar Graph
The bar graph provides an analog indication of the
REL: the difference between the present reading and
a stored reference reading.
measured input. For most measurement functions, the bar
graph updates 40 times per second. Since this response
is much faster than the digital display, the bar graph is
useful for making peak and null adjustments and for
observing rapidly changing inputs. The bar graph is not
available in temperature, capacitance, ac over dc, dc over
ac, and ac+dc functions.
•
•
•
Setup: various messages (see Chapter 5).
Overload conditions: OL displayed.
Error conditions.
Secondary Display
The secondary display often shows the present reading
when the primary display shows some other feature (MIN
MAX, REL ∆, etc.)
When multiple features are active, the secondary display
shows one of the values. For example, Hz could appear in
the secondary display while dB appears in the primary
display.
2-11
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Getting Acquainted
Understanding the Display
2
Table 2-3. Display Features
Description
Number
Feature
ꢀ ~
ꢁ
Continuity test function is selected.
Bar Graph.
In normal operation 0 (zero) is on the left. In Relative %, 0 is in the center, negative
values are to the left and positive to the right.
The polarity indicator left of the bar graph shows the polarity of the input. Both polarity
indicators appear in REL% mode.
The arrow right of the bar graph indicates an overload condition.
Both arrows appear (without bar graph) when you can use T(l) and %(s) to select
settings in the setup mode.
ꢂ p
ꢃ e
ꢄ
Percent difference in Relative mode is being displayed in the primary display. The
reference value is shown in the secondary display
Relative (REL ∆) mode is active. The primary display has been modified by the
reference value shown in the secondary display.
Indicates negative readings. In Relative mode, this sign indicates that the present input
is less than the stored reference.
-
ꢅ Z
>30 V ac and/or dc may be present at the input terminals.
ꢆ B
Low battery. If flashing, battery failure is imminent, and logging and backlight are
disabled.
WWarning
To avoid false readings, which could lead to possible electric shock or personal
injury, replace the battery as soon as the low battery indicator appears.
2-13
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Table 2-3. Display Features (cont.)
Description
Number
Feature
ꢇ
FAST MN MX mode is enabled. ( OM)
Minimum reading displayed.
FAST
MIN
Maximum reading displayed.
MAX
AVG
Average reading displayed.
ꢈ ;
ꢉ g
ꢊ gS
ꢋ
Readings are being recorded in memory (Model 189 only.) ( O+ D)
The meter is in Hold mode. ( Q)
AutoHOLD is active. ( O+ Q)
Primary Display (4-1/2 digit)
8.8.8.8.8
0L
Overload input.
ꢌ
Measurement Units
V, mV
V: Volts. The unit of voltage.
mV: Millivolt. 1 x 10-3 or 0.001 volts.
dBm, dBV
For ac volts functions, reading is shown in decibels of power above or below 1 mW
(dBm) or decibels of voltage above or below 1 V (dBV).
2-14
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Getting Acquainted
Understanding the Display
2
Table 2-3. Display Features (cont.)
Description
Number
Feature
ꢌ
AC+DC
For dc volts and dc amps functions, reading represents the rms total of ac and dc
measurements.
e, ke Me,
Ω: Ohm. The unit of resistance.
kΩ: Kilohm. 1 x 103 or 1000 ohms.
MΩ: Megohm. 1 x 106 or 1,000,000 ohms.
nS
S: Siemens. The unit of conductance.
nS: Nanosiemens. 1 x 10-9 or 0.000000001 Siemens.
nF, µF, mF
F: Farad. The unit of capacitance.
nF: Nanofarad. 1 x 10-9 or 0.000000001 farads.
µF: Microfarad. 1 x 10-6 or 0.000001 farads.
mF: Millifarad. 1 X 10 -3or 0.001 farads.
°C ,°F
Degrees Celsius (default) or Fahrenheit.
A, mA, µA
A: Amperes (amps). The unit of current.
mA: Milliamp. 1 x 10-3 or 0.001 amperes.
µA: Microamp. 1 x 10-6 or 0.000001 amperes.
Hz, kHz, MHz
Hz: Hertz. The unit of frequency.
kHz: Kilohertz. 1 x 103 or 1000 hertz.
MHz: Megahertz. 1 x 106 or 1,000,000 hertz.
2-15
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Table 2-3. Display Features (cont.)
Description
Number
Feature
51000
AUTO
ꢍ
Range. Digits display range in use.
MANUAL
ꢎ
Time Display. Used with HOLD, AutoHOLD, MIN MAX, FAST MN MX (SAVE, and
LOGGING Model 189).
fMS88:88
Elapsed Time Display (fon): shown in minutes:seconds to maximum of 59:59 - used if
time since Min, Max, or Logging started is less than 60 minutes. Always used for Min,
Max, Avg. Displays hours:minutes after 1 hour.
24-hour Display (foff): shown in hours:minutes to maximum of 23:59. For setting the
24-hour clock, refer to Chapter 5.
HM88:88
ꢏ
ꢐ
Secondary Display
8.8.8.8
MEM
Memory Index Display (Model 189). Also used for dBm reference resistance.
q1888 qappears when you can use [and ]to increment or decrement
settings.
2-16
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Getting Acquainted
Using the Input Terminals
2
Using the Input Terminals
All functions except current use the *and
COM inputs. Current functions use the inputs shown
below:
mA
A
A
COM
V
• Ior Kfunction: Use A and COM inputs from 400
mA to 20 A. Use mA/µA and COM for inputs ≤ 400
mA.
• =or xfunction: Use mA/µA and COM for inputs ≤
5000.0 µA.
If a test lead is plugged into the mA/µA or A terminal, but
the rotary switch is not correctly set to one of the current
measuring positions, the Input Alert™ beeper warns you
by making a chirping sound and the primary display shows
"LEAd5". This warning is intended to stop you from
attempting to measure voltage, continuity, resistance,
capacitance, or diode values when the leads are plugged
into a current terminal.
tc014f.eps
Figure 2-5. Input Terminals
Figure 2-5 shows the input terminals.
2-17
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Users Manual
Using Display Hold
AutoHOLD
Press Qto enter the Display Hold mode and freeze
the present reading and its time stamp. New readings now
appear in the secondary display. See Figure 2-6. To exit
Display Hold mode, press Qagain.
Note
The bar graph and secondary display may show
different units in Capacitance and Ohms due to
Autoranging.
tc040f.eps
In the MIN MAX mode, Display Hold functions like a
toggle, interrupting and resuming the MIN MAX
operations.
Figure 2-6. Display Hold and AutoHOLD
With Model 189, you cannot use Display Hold while
logging data. Model 189 allows you to save the frozen
reading to memory by pressing OR(SAVE).
2-18
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Getting Acquainted
Using AutoHOLD
2
Using AutoHOLD
WWarning
Using MIN MAX
The MIN MAX mode stores minimum (MIN) and maximum
(MAX) input values. When the input goes below the stored
minimum value or above the stored maximum value, the
meter beeps and stores the new value. MIN MAX mode
also calculates an average (AVG) of all readings taken
since the mode was activated.
AutoHOLD mode does not capture unstable
or noisy readings. Do not use AutoHOLD
mode to determine that circuits are without
power.
To enter AutoHOLD, press OQ(AutoHOLD).
AutoHOLD mode freezes the present reading and its time
stamp. New readings now appear in the secondary
display. See Figure 2-6. When the meter detects a new,
stable reading (>4% change from last stable reading), it
beeps and displays the new reading in the primary
display. You can also force a primary display update by
pressing Q.
Press Mto enter the MIN MAX mode. The maximum
(MAX) reading is displayed first.
Each subsequent press of Msteps through the
minimum (MIN), average (AVG), and back to the
maximum reading.
In the MIN MAX mode, the secondary display continues to
show the present measurement value.
If you remove the test leads (open the input), the meter
retains the last frozen primary display.
The time elapsed since the MIN MAX mode was entered
is shown in the bottom right corner of each type of display.
See Figure 2-7.
You cannot use AutoHOLD when MIN MAX is active. With
Model 189, you cannot initiate AutoHOLD while logging
data, but you can initiate logging when AutoHOLD is
active.
To exit AutoHOLD mode, press OQ(AutoHOLD)
again.
2-19
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Users Manual
To exit MIN MAX mode, press ON(CANCEL) or
turn the rotary switch to a different position. Also, MIN
MAX mode turns off automatically when a flashing B
(low battery condition) occurs.
Note
Minimum, maximum, and average values stored
in the MIN MAX mode are lost when the meter is
turned off.
The MIN MAX mode can be used to capture intermittent
readings, store maximum readings while you are away, or
store readings while you are operating the equipment
under test and cannot watch the meter. The average
reading is useful for smoothing out unstable inputs,
calculating power consumption, or estimating the percent
of time a circuit is active.
The MIN MAX mode is appropriate for storing signal
events that last 50 ms or longer in most measurement
functions. Signal events must be 500 ms or longer in the
following functions: continuity, conductance, capacitance,
temperature, Hz, duty cycle, and pulse width.
2-20
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Getting Acquainted
Using FAST MN MX
2
Using FAST MN MX
FAST MN MX can capture transient signal events as short
as 250 µs, but with decreased accuracy; only 3-1/2 display
digits are allowed.
Activate FAST MN MX by pressing OM. As with
regular MIN MAX, you can then press Mto cycle
through maximum, minimum, and average primary
displays. The meter beeps for any new minimum or
maximum value. Exit FAST MN MX by pressing
ON(CANCEL) or by turning the rotary switch.
A low battery condition (flashing B) disables FAST MN
MX.
In ac measurement functions, MAX and MIN values are
peak values, AVG is the rms value. This provides the
necessary information in one display for calculation of
Crest Factor (peak/rms).
Due to longer required response times, you cannot use
FAST MN MX in the following functions: ohms, diode test,
conductance, continuity, capacitance, temperature, ac
over dc, ac+dc, Hz, duty cycle, and pulse width.
tc033f.eps
Figure 2-7. Min Max Avg
2-21
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Users Manual
•
•
Press Da second time to enter the REL% mode
and display the difference as ± 10 % of the reference
reading.
Using HOLD with MIN MAX or FAST MN MX
You can enable the HOLD mode when in the MIN MAX
mode is by pressing Q.
In REL%, e% appears on the display.
No further minimum, maximum, or average updates occur
while the HOLD mode is enabled.
Press Da third time to exit the Relative Mode.
Exit HOLD mode by pressing Qa second time.
Using Relative Mode (REL)
Selecting Relative mode (D) causes the meter to zero
the display and store the present reading as a reference
for subsequent measurements.
•
Press Donce to select the Relative Mode. (The
meter enters manual range when you enter the
Relative Mode.)
The reference appears in the secondary display. The
difference between the reference and a new
measurement appears in the primary display. See
Figure 2-8.
tc039f.eps
Figure 2-8. Relative Mode
2-22
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Chapter 3
Making Measurements
Ranges available in volts functions are:
Introduction
Chapter 3 explains how to make measurements. Most
measurement functions can be selected by using the
rotary switch.
• \ $
5.0000 V, 50.000 V, 500.00 V, 1000.0 V
•
,m
50.000 mV, 500.00 mV, and 5000.0 mV
White letters or symbols identify primary functions; blue
letters or symbols identify alternative functions. Press the
blue button to access these alternate functions.
Readings in the 5000.0 mV range overload (0L) near
3000 mV ac or dc. The 5000.0 mV range overlaps the
5.0000 V range to provide direct reading display for
Fluke accessories that have a millivolt output with limits
scaled by 1000. For example, the Fluke 80i-1000
Current Clamp provides 1 mV ac per amp measured up
to 1000 amps.
Frequency-related functions can be selected (Hz, duty
cycle, and pulse width) when the rotary switch is in any
volts or amps position.
Measuring Voltage
Voltage is the difference in electrical potential between
two points. The polarity of ac (alternating current) voltage
varies over time, while the polarity of dc (direct current)
voltage is constant over time.
3-1
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Users Manual
When measuring voltage, the meter acts like a 10 MΩ
(10,000,000 Ω) impedance in parallel with the circuit. This
loading effect can cause measurement errors in high-
impedance circuits. In most cases, the error is negligible
(0.1% or less) if the circuit impedance is 10 kΩ (10,000 Ω)
or less.
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
Measuring AC Voltage
The meter presents ac voltage values as rms (root mean
square) readings. The rms value is the equivalent dc
voltage that would produce the same amount of heat in a
resistance as the measured voltage. Your meter features
true rms readings, which are accurate for sinewaves and
other wave forms (with no dc offset) such as square
waves, triangle waves, and staircase waves. For ac with
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
SETUP
nS
F
C
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
A
mA
A
dB
V
A
dB
V
mA
ac+dc
Switch
Box
A
OFF
ac+dc
dc offset, use
$
.
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
A
COM
V
Set up the meter to measure ac volts as shown in
Figure 3-1.
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
All pushbutton features are available in this function. The
blue button ( %) accesses decibel dBm or dBV)
measurements, discussed next in this chapter.
ach001f.eps
Figure 3-1. AC Voltage Measurement
3-2
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Making Measurements
Measuring Voltage
3
dB Measurements in AC Volts Functions
The two ac volts functions allow you to display readings as
deviations in dB (decibels) above or below an established
level.
Set up dB measurements with the following procedure:
1. Make an ac volts measurement to be used as a
reference point.
2. Press %to select dB. The dBm (or dBV) value
appears in the primary display and the ac volts
reading appears in the secondary display. A typical
dB display appears in Figure 3-2.
tc032f.eps
Figure 3-2. dBm Display
Normally, dB is measured as dBm, which is a measure of
decibels relative to 1 milliwatt. The meter assumes a
resistance of 600 Ω in making this calculation. This
resistance can be set for any value from 1 to 1999 Ω,
using the meter’s setup capabilities (see Chapter 5.)
When set to other than 600 Ω the dBm reference
resistance appears in the Index Display. (See Figure 2-4,
item 17.)
3. Press %again to switch the ac volts and dB
readings. Press %a third time to turn dB off.
Note
If dBm is displayed, check that the reference
resistance value closely matches the impedance
of the system being measured.
3-3
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Users Manual
dB is calculated with the following formula:
Measuring DC Voltage
Set up the meter for dc voltage measurement as shown in
Figure 3-4. All pushbutton features are available for a
standard dc volts reading.
Vx
dB = 20*log10
Vr
Both AC and DC Voltage Measurements
•
•
For dBm, Vr is the voltage across the reference
resistance at 1 mW. For example, Vr would be
0.7746 V with a 600 Ω reference resistance.
When a dc volts function is selected, the meter can
display ac and dc components of a signal separately or
the combined ac + dc (rms) value.
For dBV, the reference voltage (Vr) is 1 V.
To select separate ac and dc signal components:
•
Press %once to display ac voltage in the primary
display and dc voltage in the secondary display (ac
over dc).
•
•
Press %a second time to reverse the displays (dc
over ac).
Press %a third time to display the ac + dc rms value
in the primary display. (FAST MN MX is unavailable in
this state.)
•
Press %a fourth time to return to the normal dc volts
display.
Figure 3-3 shows some typical displays.
3-4
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Making Measurements
Measuring Voltage
3
AC over DC
DC over AC
AC + DC
tc024f.eps
Figure 3-3. AC and DC Display
When the meter shows ac over dc or dc over ac, the
following other pushbutton functions are not available:
•
•
•
•
•
•
AutoHOLD ( OQ)
MIN MAX ( M)
FAST MN MX ( OM)
Hz ( N)
Relative ( D)
LOGGING (OD)
3-5
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Users Manual
Measuring Resistance
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
Caution
To avoid possible damage to the meter or to
the equipment under test, disconnect circuit
power and discharge all high-voltage
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
capacitors before measuring resistance.
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
Resistance is an opposition to current flow. The unit of
resistance is the ohm (Ω). The meter measures resistance
by sending a small current through the circuit.
SETUP
nS
F
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
C
ac+dc V
A
mA
A
A
ac+dc
dB
V
mA
The meter’s resistance ranges are 500.00 Ω, 5.0000 kΩ,
50.000 kΩ, 500.00 kΩ, 5.0000 MΩ, 30.000 MΩ, and
500.0 MΩ.
A
OFF
ac+dc
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
To measure resistance, set up the meter as shown in
Figure 3-5.
All pushbutton functions are available with resistance
measurements. The blue key cycles to continuity and
conductance measurement, which are described later in
this chapter.
+
Note
In the Ohms Mode, a negative sign (-) on the
display indicates the presence of voltage. This
will cause reading errors.
ach002f.eps
Figure 3-4. DC Voltage Measurement
3-6
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Making Measurements
Measuring Resistance
3
In-Circuit Resistance Measurements
Isolating a Potentiometer
Circuit Power
OFF
1
2
3
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
Disconnect
2
1
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
3
CANCEL
SAVE
nS
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
SETUP
nS
Isolating a Resistor
F
C
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
A
mA
A
A
ac+dc
dB
V
mA
A
OFF
ac+dc
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
Disconnect
ach004f.eps
Figure 3-5. Resistance Measurement
3-7
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Users Manual
Testing for Continuity
Keep the following in mind when measuring resistance:
Caution
•
•
Because the meter’s test current flows through all
possible paths between the probe tips, the measured
value of a resistor in a circuit is often different from
the resistor’s rated value.
To avoid possible damage to the meter or to
the equipment under test, disconnect circuit
power and discharge all high-voltage
capacitors before testing for continuity.
The test leads can add 0.1 Ω to 0.2 Ω of error to
resistance measurements. To test the leads, touch
the probe tips together and read the resistance of the
leads. If necessary, you can press Dto
automatically subtract this value.
Continuity is the presence of a complete path for current
flow. The continuity test features a beeper that sounds if a
circuit is complete. The beeper allows you to perform
quick continuity tests without having to watch the display.
The resistance function can produce enough voltage to
forward-bias silicon diode or transistor junctions, causing
them to conduct. To avoid this, do not use the 30 MΩ or
500 MΩ ranges for in-circuit resistance measurements.
The continuity function detects intermittent opens and
shorts lasting as little as 1 millisecond (0.001 second).
These brief contacts cause the meter to emit a short beep.
To select continuity, turn the rotary switch to resistance
position, then press the blue button once. The continuity
symbol (~) appears in the display. Continuity uses
manual ranging only; autoranging is not available. Refer to
Figure 3-6 for continuity testing setup instructions.
3-8
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Making Measurements
Using Conductance for High Resistance Tests
3
Continuity testing provides you with both a visual
indication of the state encountered (usually near 0
resistance for a short or OL for an open) and an audible
beep when the input is low.
Using Conductance for High Resistance
Tests
Conductance, the inverse of resistance, is the ability of a
circuit to pass current. High values of conductance
correspond to low values of resistance.
In continuity, a short means a measured value less than
5% of full scale. You can raise this threshold by manually
selecting a higher range.
The unit of conductance is the Siemens (S). The meter’s
50 nS range measures conductance in nanosiemens
(1 nS = 0.000000001 Siemens). Because such small
amounts of conductance correspond to extremely high
resistance, the nS range lets you determine the resistance
of components up to 100,000 MΩ, or 100,000,000,000 Ω
(1 nS = 1,000 MΩ).
You can select whether the beeper comes on for open or
short conditions, as follows:
•
•
Press [to enable the beeper for opens.
Press ]to enable the beeper for shorts.
To measure conductance, set up the meter as shown in
Figure 3-7; then press the blue key until the nS indicator
appears on the display.
The Hz ( N) and FAST MN MX ( OM)
functions are not available when continuity is selected. All
other pushbutton functions are available. The blue key
cycles among resistance, continuity, and conductance.
With conductance measurements, the following
pushbutton operations cannot be used:
•
•
•
Frequency ( N)
FAST MN MX ( OM)
Manual ranging ( R)
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
For in-circuit tests, turn circuit power off.
Press
for beep
on open
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
2
Press
for beep
on short
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
nS
CANCEL
SAVE
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
Hz
%
RANGE
SETUP
SETUP
nS
nS
F
OFF
(open)
F
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
C
C
A
A
mA
mA
OFF
(open)
A
A
1
A
A
dB
V
dB
V
mA
mA
ac+dc
ac+dc
Press to
select “
A
A
OFF
OFF
ac+dc
ac+dc
.”
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
mA
A
A
COM
V
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
ON
(closed)
ON
(closed)
ach003f.eps
Figure 3-6. Continuity Test
3-10
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Making Measurements
Using Conductance for High Resistance Tests
3
The following are some tips for measuring conductance:
•
High-resistance readings are susceptible to electrical
noise. Use averaging to smooth out most noisy
readings; press Muntil AVG appears in the
display.
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
•
There is normally a residual conductance reading with
the test leads open. To ensure accurate readings,
press Dwith the test leads open to subtract the
residual value.
nS
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
SETUP
nS
F
C
Press twice to
select nS.
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
A
mA
A
A
ac+dc
dB
V
mA
A
OFF
ac+dc
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
ach023f.eps
Figure 3-7. Conductance Measurement
3-11
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
To measure capacitance, set up the meter as shown in
Figure 3-8. The blue key toggles the selection between
capacitance and diode test.
Measuring Capacitance
Caution
To avoid possible damage to the meter or to
the equipment under test, disconnect circuit
power and discharge all high-voltage
capacitors before measuring capacitance.
Use the dc voltage function to confirm that
the capacitor is discharged.
While measuring capacitance, the following pushbutton
functions are not available:
•
•
Frequency ( N)
FAST MN MX ( OM)
The following are some tips for measuring capacitance:
Capacitance is the ability of a component to store an
electrical charge. The unit of capacitance is the farad (F).
Most capacitors are in the nanofarad (nF) to microfarad
(µF) range.
•
To speed up measurements of similar values, press
Rto manually select the proper range.
•
To improve the measurement accuracy of small value
capacitors, press Dwith the test leads open to
subtract the residual capacitance of the meter and
leads.
The meter measures capacitance by charging the
capacitor with a known current for a known period of time,
measuring the resulting voltage, then calculating the
capacitance. Capacitors larger than 100 µF take several
seconds to charge. The capacitor charge can be up to
3 V.
The meter’s capacitance ranges are 1 nF, 10 nF, 100 nF,
1 µF, 10 µF, 100 µF, 1 mF, 10 mF, and 50 mF.
3-12
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Making Measurements
Testing Diodes
3
Testing Diodes
Caution
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
To avoid possible damage to the meter or to
the equipment under test, disconnect circuit
power and discharge all high-voltage
capacitors before testing diodes.
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
Use the diode test to check diodes, transistors, silicon
controlled rectifiers (SCRs), and other semiconductor
devices. The test sends a current through a
semiconductor junction, then measures the junction’s
voltage drop. A typical junction drops 0.5 V to 0.8 V. In
diode test, the beeper is active. It beeps briefly for a
normal junction and is on continuously if a short is
detected.
SETUP
nS
F
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
C
A
mA
A
A
dB
V
mA
ac+dc
A
OFF
ac+dc
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
To test a diode out of a circuit, set up the meter as shown
in Figure 3-9.
+
+
In a circuit, a similar diode should still indicate a forward-
bias reading of 0.5 V to 0.8 V; however, the reverse-bias
reading can vary depending on the resistance of other
pathways between the probe tips.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
The blue key toggles between diode test and capacitance.
Since diode test uses a fixed range, Rcannot be
used.
ach005f.eps
Figure 3-8. Capacitance Measurement
3-13
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Typical
Reading
LOGGING MULTIMETER
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
189
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
Hz
%
RANGE
SETUP
SETUP
nS
nS
Forward Bias
Reverse Bias
F
C
F
C
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
ac+dcmV
A
A
mA
mA
V
ac+dc
A
A
dBmV
Press for
Diode Test
+
+
A
A
dB
V
dB
V
mA
mA
ac+dc
ac+dc
A
A
OFF
OFF
ac+dc
ac+dc
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
mA
A
A
COM
V
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
400mA
FUSED
ach006f.eps
Figure 3-9. Diode Test
3-14
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Making Measurements
Measuring Temperature
3
Measuring Temperature
To measure temperature, set up the meter as shown in
Figure 3-10. The meter begins temperature measurement
in the degree units last used (Celsius °C or Fahrenheit °F).
Once you have selected the temperature function, you can
change units by pressing the blue button. The meter
remembers the units selected until they are changed.
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
C
F
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
F
C
SETUP
The primary display shows either the temperature or the
message ‘0PEn’ (for an open thermocouple condition).
Shorting the input will display the temperature at the meter
terminals.
nS
F
C
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
A
mA
A
A
dB
V
mA
ac+dc
A
OFF
ac+dc
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
The secondary display shows any non-zero temperature
offset. This offset is established as a calibrating value
during setup. Refer to Chapter 5 for additional information.
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
The following pushbuttons cannot be used when taking
temperature measurements:
•
•
•
Frequency ( N)
Vent
or
Pipe
80AK
FAST MN MX ( OM)
Ranging ( R)
80PK-1 Type K
Thermocouple
Probe
WWarning
ach010f.eps
To avoid the potential for fire or electrical
shock, do not connect the thermocouples to
electrically live circuits.
Figure 3-10. Temperature Measurement
3-15
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To measure ac or dc current, proceed as follows:
Measuring Current
1. Turn off power to the circuit. Discharge all high-
WWarning
voltage capacitors.
Never attempt an in-circuit current
2. Insert the black lead into the COM terminal. Insert the
red lead in an input appropriate for the measurement
range as shown in Table 3-1.
measurement where the open-circuit potential
to earth is greater than 1000 V. You may
damage the meter or be injured if the fuse
blows during such a measurement.
Note
Caution
To avoid blowing the meter’s 440 mA fuse, use
the mA/µA terminal only if you are sure the
current is less than 400 mA.
To avoid possible damage to the meter or to
the equipment under test, check the meter’s
fuses before measuring current. Use the
proper terminals, function, and range for your
measurement. Never place the probes across
(in parallel with) any circuit or component
when the leads are plugged into the current
terminals.
Table 3-1. Current Measurement
Rotary Switch Input
Ranges
5.0000 A
I or K
= or x
!
10.000 A (reading flashes at
10 A, overloads (0L) at 20 A)
50.000 mA
Current is the flow of electrons through a conductor. To
measure current, you must open the circuit under test,
then place the meter in series with the circuit.
#
#
500.00 mA
500.00 µA
5000.0 µA
3-16
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Making Measurements
Measuring Current
3
3. If you are using the A terminal, set the rotary switch to
mA/A. If you are using the mA/µA terminal, set the
rotary switch to µA for currents below 5000 µA
(5 mA), or mA/A for currents above 5000 µA.
Input Alert™ Feature
If a test lead is plugged into the mA/µA or A terminal, but
the rotary switch is not correctly set to one of the current
measuring positions, the beeper warns you by making a
chirping sound and the display shows "LEAd5".
4. Open the circuit path to be tested. Touch the red
probe to the more positive side of the break; touch
the black probe to the more negative side of the
break. Reversing the leads will produce a negative
reading, but will not damage the meter.
This Input Alert warning is intended to stop you from
attempting to measure voltage, continuity, resistance,
capacitance, or diode values when the leads are plugged
into a current terminal.
5. Turn on power to the circuit; then read the display. Be
sure to note the unit given at the right side of the
display (µA, mA, or A).
Placing the probes across (in parallel with) a powered
circuit when a lead is plugged into a current terminal can
damage the circuit you are testing and blow the meter’s
fuse. This can happen because the resistance through the
meter’s current terminals is very low, so the meter acts like
a short circuit.
6. Turn off power to the circuit and discharge all high-
voltage capacitors. Remove the meter and restore the
circuit to normal operation.
Note
The beeper may sound in the presence of high
electical noise, such as that found near Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM) motor drives.
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The following are some tips for measuring current:
Measuring AC Current
To measure ac current, set up the meter as shown in
Figure 3-11.
•
If the display shows LEAd5and you are sure the
meter is set up correctly, test the meter’s fuses as
described under "Testing the Fuses" in Chapter 6.
The blue pushbutton cannot be used with ac current
measurement. All other pushbutton features can be used.
•
A current meter drops a small voltage across itself,
which might affect circuit operation. You can calculate
this burden voltage using the values listed in Chapter
7 under Burden Voltage (A, mA, µA).
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Making Measurements
Measuring Current
3
LOGGING MULTIMETER
LOGGING MULTIMETER
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
189
189
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
CANCEL
SAVE
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
ms
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
Hz
%
RANGE
Hz
%
RANGE
SETUP
SETUP
SETUP
nS
nS
nS
F
C
F
C
F
C
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
ac+dcmV
ac+dcmV
A
A
A
A
A
mA
mA
V
V
mA
V
ac+dc
ac+dc
mA
mA
A
A
A
dBmV
dBmV
A
A
ac+dc
A
ac+dc
A
dB
V
dB
V
dB
V
mA
mA
mA
ac+dc
A
A
A
OFF
OFF
OFF
ac+dc
ac+dc
ac+dc
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
VIEW
CLEAR MEM
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
mA
A
mA
A
A
COM
V
A
COM
V
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
10A MAX
FUSED
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
CAT
1000V
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
400mA
FUSED
400mA
FUSED
ach008f.eps
Figure 3-11. AC Current Measurement
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•
•
Press %a third time to display the ac + dc rms value
in the primary display. (FAST MN MX is unavailable in
this state.)
Measuring DC Current
To measure dc current, set up the meter as shown in
Figure 3-12.
Press %a fourth time to return to the normal dc
You can view separate dc and ac amps signal
components.
display.
•
Press %once to display ac current in the primary
display and dc current in the secondary display
(ac over dc).
•
Press %a second time to reverse the displays (dc
over ac).
In either of these states, the following pushbutton
functions are not available:
Display hold ( Q).
AutoHOLD ( OQ)
MIN MAX ( M)
FAST MN MX ( OM)
Hz ( N)
Relative ( D)
LOGGING and SAVE (Model 189)
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Making Measurements
Measuring Current
3
Total current to circuit
Circuit Power:
OFF to connect meter.
ON for measurement.
OFF to disconnect meter.
LOGGING MULTIMETER
189
AutoHOLD
FAST MN MX
LOGGING
YES
NO
HOLD
MIN MAX
REL
CANCEL
SAVE
ms
Hz
%
RANGE
Current through one component
SETUP
nS
F
C
ac+dcmV
ac+dc V
dBmV
A
mA
A
ac+dc
A
mA
A
dB
V
mA
ac+dc
A
OFF
ac+dc
TEMPERATURE
mA
A
A
COM
V
10A MAX
FUSED
CAT
1000V
400mA
FUSED
ach007f.eps
Figure 3-12. DC Current Measurement
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Measuring Frequency
nS
Frequency is the number of cycles a signal completes
each second. The meter measures the frequency of a
voltage or current signal by counting the number of times
the signal crosses a threshold level each second.
F
C
mV
ac+dc
A
V
mA
Figure 3-13 highlights the function selections that allow
frequency measurement.
ac+dc
A
mV
To measure frequency, select an appropriate function,
connect the meter signal source, and press N.
dB
A
The meter autoranges to one of four frequency ranges:
500.00 Hz, 5.0000 kHz, 50.000 kHz, and 999.99 kHz.
Figure 3-14 shows a typical frequency display.
V
mA
dB
ac+dc
OFF
A
ac+dc
VIEW MEM
CLEAR MEM
tc021f.eps
Figure 3-13. Functions Allowing Frequency
Measurement
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Making Measurements
Measuring Duty Cycle
3
The following are some tips for measuring frequency:
•
If a reading shows as 0 Hz or is unstable, the input
signal may be below or near the trigger level. You can
usually correct these problems by selecting a lower
range, which increases the sensitivity of the meter.
•
If a reading seems to be a multiple of what you
expect, the input signal may be distorted. Distortion
can cause multiple triggerings of the frequency
counter. Selecting a higher voltage range might solve
this problem by decreasing the sensitivity of the
meter. In general, the lowest frequency displayed is
the correct one.
tc026f.eps
Figure 3-14. Hz Display
The meter beeps to indicate when a particular pushbutton
is not allowed when measuring frequency. The following
are some general rules.
Measuring Duty Cycle
Duty cycle (or duty factor) is the percentage of time a
signal is above or below a trigger level during one cycle
(Figure 3-15).
•
Relative ( D), Hold ( Q), and MIN MAX
( M)can be used.
The duty cycle mode is optimized for measuring the on or
off time of logic and switching signals. Systems such as
electronic fuel injection systems and switching power
supplies are controlled by pulses of varying width, which
can be checked by measuring duty cycle.
•
FAST MN MX ( OM) cannot be used.
3-23
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Measures Positive Pulse
+Slope
Trigger Point
-Slope
Trigger Point
30% Above
Trigger
Point
100%
Measures Negative Pulse
-Slope
+Slope
Trigger Point
Trigger Point
70% Below
Trigger Point
100%
tc009f.eps
Figure 3-15. Duty Cycle Measurements
3-24
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Making Measurements
Measuring Pulse Width
3
input range will often measure better than the AUTO-
selected input range.
To measure duty cycle, set up the meter to measure
frequency; then press Na second time. You can
select the level the meter uses by pressing [to
trigger on the positive slope or ]to trigger on the
negative slope. A typical duty cycle display is shown in
Figure 3-16.
If a duty cycle reading is unstable, press Muntil the
AVG annunciator comes on and the average reading
appears in the secondary display.
Measuring Pulse Width
The pulse width function allows you to measure the
amount of time a signal is high or low within a given
period. See Figure 3-17. The measured waveform must
be periodic; its pattern must repeat at equal time intervals.
tc027f.eps
Figure 3-16. Duty Cycle Display
For 5 V logic signals, use the 5 V dc range. For 12 V
switching signals in automobiles, use the 50 V dc range.
For sine waves, use the lowest ac or dc range that does
not result in multiple triggering. A manually-selected lower
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Users Manual
Start and Stop on Positive Slope
+Slope
Trigger Point
Pulse
Width
1
Period =
Frequency
Start and Stop on Negative Slope
-Slope
Trigger Point
Pulse Width
Period
tc020f.eps
Figure 3-17. Pulse Width Measurements
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Making Measurements
Measuring Pulse Width
3
The meter measures pulse width in the 500.00 or
1000.0 ms ranges.
To measure pulse width, set up the meter to measure
frequency; then press Ntwo more times. As with the
duty cycle function, you can select which level the meter
uses by pressing [to trigger on the positive slope or
]to trigger on the negative slope. A typical pulse
width display is shown in Figure 3-18.
You can improve pulse width stability by selecting the
averaging feature. Press Muntil “AVG” appears in the
display.
tc028f.eps
Figure 3-18. Pulse Width Display
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Chapter 4
Using Memory & Communications Features
Logged Readings Memory
Introduction
The logging interval (Log Int) can be set using the meter
or FlukeView Forms. You can view the average reading
for each logging interval on the meter’s display. A
scheduled logging interval may contain stable and
unstable logged readings. Unstable logged readings
represent unstable events as defined by the AutoHOLD
function. See the Specifications.
Chapter 4 shows you how to use memory and
communication features available on the meters.
Note
Memory, Logging, and Save features apply to the
189 only.
Types of Memory
The meter has two types of memory data: saved readings
and logged readings.
To provide more detailed logging information, the meter
also stores the high, low, and average value for each set
of stable and unstable logged readings. You can only
access these logged readings using FlukeView Forms.
Saved Readings Memory
Some of the logged readings can only be accessed using
a PC running the FlukeView Forms software. FlukeView
Forms displays the data in graphical or tabular form,
prints, and stores the data.
Saved readings include primary and secondary readings
and functions, the time stamp, and display icons
representing various features in effect.
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Storing Saved Readings
Starting Logging
To add the current displayed reading to the saved
readings memory, press OR(SAVE).
To begin logging, press OD(LOGGING).
;is shown on the display. The logging interval is
• 5AVEdappears briefly to confirm the operation and
preset to 15 minutes.
the index number display increments by one.
To change the logging interval, see “Selecting Setup
Options” in Chapter 5. The logging interval can be as high
as 99 minutes or as low as 1 second. There is enough
meter memory for at least 288 intervals (3 days of 15-
minute intervals.) Use FlukeView Forms to store additional
logging data in your PC's memory.
• FULLappears if no room is available in the saved
readings memory (after 100 saves).
Saved readings can be viewed later as originally
displayed. Actual primary and secondary readings and
functions, the time stamp, and display icons are all stored
in stored readings memory. (The meter does not save the
bar graph.) For example, if the original reading was in
volts ac function with the dB modifier selected, the saved
reading will contain the saved dB value.
Note
The meter allows interval logging to begin only if
logged readings memory is empty. Refer to the
“Clearing Memory” discussion below.
Stopping Logging
Logging stops when one of the following occurs:
•
•
•
•
You press ON(CANCEL).
A flashing low battery condition (B) occurs.
Logged readings memory becomes full.
You change the rotary switch position.
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Using Memory & Communications Features
Viewing Memory Data
4
3. The primary display shows memory data. Refer to
Figure 4-1 for an explanation of the VIEW MEM
display.
Viewing Memory Data
Use the following procedure to view memory data:
Note
4. If the primary display data is a logged reading, ;
appears in the display. You can switch between the
two types of memory data.
Viewing memory data involves turning the rotary
switch from its current function. Selections are
not retained when you turn the switch. To return
the meter to this function after viewing memory
data, note the function and the enabled
Press R(SAVE) for saved reading.
Press D(LOGGING) for logged reading
selections before you turn the rotary switch.
To view more detailed logged reading information,
1. Disconnect the input leads at the measurement
source.
use FlukeView Forms software.
5. The index (lower left corner of the display) identifies
the displayed memory data by number. You can view
additional memory data by pressing [and ].
WWarning
To avoid electric shock, disconnect the test
leads at the measurement source prior to
viewing memory data.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to switch between the two types
of memory data.
2. Turn the rotary switch to the VIEW MEM position.
7. To exit viewing memory, turn the rotary switch to any
other position. Remember that the meter returns to
the default selections for the new function position.
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Users Manual
Table 4-1. View Display
No.
Item
Description
ꢀ
qarrow
Denotes use of [or ]
to select higher or lower index
numbers.
3
icons.
2
ꢀ
ꢀ
Zsymbol
Hazardous voltage could be
present at inputs.
;
Identifies that the average of a
logging interval is displayed.
When off, a saved reading is
displayed.
4
ꢀ
ꢀ
Memory
data
Shows logged readings or
secondary readings.
6
1
7
5
Time
display
Indicates a time stamp (foff) or
elapsed time (fon) display.
ꢀ
ꢀ
MEM
On during View memory.
Index
number
Identifies the data entry being
viewed.
tc035f.eps
Figure 4-1. View Display
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Using Memory & Communications Features
Clearing Memory
4
If you attempt to save a meter reading when saved
Clearing Memory
readings memory is full, FULLappears in the display. You
must use the VIEW MEM function to clear saved readings
memory before proceeding.
You can clear memory in two ways.
•
First, If the rotary switch is in the VIEW MEM position,
you can press the blue button (%) to activate the
CLEAR MEM function. CLr.?appears in the display.
Using Communications (187 and 189)
When using a PC-to-meter IR (infrared) communication
link, refer to the FlukeView Forms Installation Guide or the
on-line help.
You are then prompted to press [(YES) to clear
the type of memory presently in use or ](NO) to
stop the clear procedure. The display defines the type
of memory to be cleared, as:
You can use the IR communication link and FlukeView
Forms software to transfer the contents of a meter’s
memory to a PC.
;to clear logged readings memory.
MEM to clear saved readings memory.
Note
•
A second clearing procedure is required when you try
to start logging and the logged readings memory is
not empty.
The 187 and 189 will log in real time mode to a
connected computer running FlukeView Forms.
In addition, the 189 allows the user to log to
internal memory and connect to the computer
later for download.
CLr.?appears in the display. To clear the logged
readings memory and begin logging new data, Press
[(YES).
FlukeView Forms allows you to place the data into
standard (default) or customized forms. The forms can
display the data in table and graph form, as well as view
user comments. You can use these forms to satisfy ISO-
9000 and other documentation requirements.
To decline the clearing operation and not begin
logging, press ](NO).
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Users Manual
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Chapter 5
Changing the Default Settings
In the Setup mode, each press of OT(SETUP)
saves changes to the last selection and steps to the next
option.
Introduction
The meter allows you to change the default operating
configuration of the meter by changing setup options
made at the factory.
Each setup option appears in the primary display in the
sequence shown in Tables 5-1 and 5-2.
Many of these setup options affect general meter
operations and are active in all functions. Others are
limited to one function or group of functions.
The options in Table 5-1 are available only when the
preconditions are met. The options in Table 5-2 are
available for all functions. (When measuring dc volts, none
of the preconditions in Table 5-1 are required, and only
the selections shown in Table 5-2 will appear.)
These settings are stored and can be changed in the
Setup mode using the procedure described in this
chapter.
To exit the Setup mode, Press ON(CANCEL).
Be sure to save your last selection by pressing OT
first.)
Selecting Setup Options
To enter the Setup mode, turn the meter on and press
OT(SETUP).
5-1
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Table 5-1. Function Specific Setup Selections
Option Choices (
Selection
Precondition
)
Factory Default
000.0 °C
or
Temperature ( w)
Temperature 000.0° to ±100.0°C(180.0°F) - Use qto 000.0°C(or °F)
selected.
offset adjust
increment or decrement digit.
000.0 °F
Use
to select digit. Selected digit
flashes.
LInt
Model 189 only.
Log interval
MM:SS - Use qto increment or
15:00
decrement minute or second values.
Use
to select minute or seconds.
Selected values flash.
dbrEF
dbrEF
AC volts (\or
,) selected.
dB type
dBm or dBV (m or V flashing) - Use
to select.
dBV
AC volts (\or
,) and dBm
selected.
dBm reference
0001 Ω to 1999 Ω - Use qto increment
0600 Ω
or decrement digit.
Use
to select digit.
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Changing the Default Settings
Selecting Setup Options
5
Table 5-2. Common Setup Selections
Choices
Selection
bEEP
Option
Factory Default
yE5
Beeper
yE5or no(flashing) Use
8888(4) or 88888(5) Use
to select.
to select.
8888
Display digits
88888
bLoFF
Backlight time out
MM:SS - Use qto increment or decrement minute or
15:00
second values.
Use
to select minutes or seconds. Selected values
flash. Setting value to 00:00 disables timeout.
Pr0FF
Hour
Power off time out
24-hour clock
HH:MM - Use qto increment or decrement hour or minute 00:15
values.
Use
to select hours or minutes. Selected values flash.
HH:MM - Use qto increment or decrement hour or minute 00:00
values.
Use
to select hours or minutes. Selected values flash.
50-60
Fcty
Line/Main frequency 60or 50(flashing) - Use
Restore factory defaults yE5or no(flashing) - Use
to select.
to select.
60
no
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Users Manual
Select and edit setup options as follows:
Adjusting the Temperature Offset
•
•
Turn the rotary switch to a measurement function:
If the meter is in a temperature measurement function,
use the following procedure to set an offset for your
temperature probe:
Press OTto advance to the next setup option
and save the present selection.
1. Turn the rotary switch to temperature (w).
•
•
Press [to increase or ]to decrease a value.
2. Connect the temperature probe and probe adapter to
Press T(l) to go back to the previous digit or
the
&
and V inputs on the meter.
selection.
3. Place the temperature probe and an accurate
thermometer in a lag bath (i.e., a container with an
isothermal liquid).
•
•
•
Press %( s) to advance to the next digit or
selection.
Any digit or selection being changed flashes when
active.
4. Press OTto enter the Setup mode and
temperature adjust.
Press ON(CANCEL) to exit Setup. (Be sure
to save your last selection by pressing OTfirst.)
The primary display shows the measured value for the
temperature probe. This value is already adjusted by any
previously stored offset (shown in the secondary display.)
See Figure 5-1.
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Changing the Default Settings
Adjusting the Temperature Offset
5
If necessary, adjust the temperature offset until the
temperature on the primary display matches the
temperature indicated by the lag bath thermometer.
1. Press %( s) to advance to the next digit and press
T(l) to go back to the previous digit.
2. Press [or ]to increase or decrease the digit
value.
3. Save changes by pressing OT.
4. Press ONto exit Setup.
tc041f.eps
Figure 5-1. Adjusting Temperature Offset
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Selecting Display Resolution
(3 1/2 or 4 1/2 Digits)
Setting the Power Off Timeout
1. Press OTuntil Pr0FFappears in the display.
For most functions, you can choose whether the meter
displays the reading in 3-1/2 or 4-1/2 digits.
The present power off time in hours and minutes
appears as four digits in the lower right corner of the
display. The maximum timeout setting is 23 hours and
59 minutes. The minimum setting (00:00) disables the
power off timeout.
•
The 3-1/2 digit setting provides lower resolution with
faster response time.
•
The 4-1/2 digit setting provides greater resolution with
slower response time. The 4-1/2 digit display is
available with all functions except continuity,
conductance, capacitance, and FAST MN MX.
2. Press %(to advance) or T(to go back) between
digits.
3. With the desired digit selected (flashing), press [
(to increment) or ](to decrement) the value.
To select the display resolution:
4. When you have set the digits as desired, press
OTto save the settings and proceed to the next
setup selection.
1. Press O, then Tuntil 8888(for 3-1/2 digits) or
88888(for 4-1/2 digits) appears in the display.
2. To change the selection, press T(l) or %( s).
3. Press O, then Tto save the selection and
proceed to the next setup selection.
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Changing the Default Settings
Setting the 24-Hour Clock
5
3. Press %( s) to advance to the minute setting; the
Setting the 24-Hour Clock
minute digits begin flashing.
The meter uses 24-hour clock readings as time stamps
during HOLD, AutoHOLD, MIN MAX, FAST MN MX,
SAVE, and LOGGING operations.
4. Press [or ]to increase or decrease the
minute value.
5. Press OTto store the selection and proceed to
Hours and minutes to a maximum of 23:59 can be set.
the next selection.
Note
Setting the Line (Main) Frequency
The meter uses elapsed time for all MIN MAX
readings. Elapsed time is expressed in minutes
and seconds to a maximum of 59:59 and then
changes to hours and minutes.
Although the meter operates on battery power only, it is
important to specify the frequency (50 or 60 Hz) of the line
(main) power. This allows the meter to filter out related
noise.
To change the 24-hour clock:
To change the line (main) frequency:
1. Press OTuntil Hourappears in the display and
the hour digits in the lower right corner of the display
begin flashing.
1. Press OTuntil 50-60appears in the display.
2. Press Tor %to change the selection to the correct
2. Press [or ]to increase or decrease the
frequency.
hour value.
3. Press OTto store the selection and proceed to
the next selection.
5-7
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Returning to Factory Defaults
Saving Setup Options
Your meter comes with the setup options preset at the
factory. These factory settings are shown in Tables 5-1
and 5-2. You can always return to these settings as
follows:
At each setup option, store your choice and advance to
the next option by pressing OT.
If you are storing the last option, this also exits the setup
mode.
1. Press OTuntil Fctyappears in the display.
2. Press %to select yE5; press Tto select no.
To exit the Setup mode without saving the present option,
press ON(CANCEL).
If you select yE5, all setup options revert to the
factory defaults; you cannot specify individual
choices.
Selections that were previously saved with OTare
retained.
3. Press OTto exit the setup procedure and
activate your selection.
If you selected yE5in step 2, all factory settings are
restored.
If you selected no, selections made in the Setup
mode become active.
5-8
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Chapter 6
Maintenance
3. Soak a new swab with alcohol. Work the swab around
in each terminal.
Introduction
This chapter describes basic operator maintenance. For
calibration and performance test information, order the
187 & 189 Service Manual, PN 1584337.
Testing the Fuses
Before measuring current, test the appropriate fuse as
shown in Figure 6-1. If the tests give readings other than
those shown, have the meter serviced.
General Maintenance
Periodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and mild
detergent. Do not use abrasives or solvents.
WWarning
To avoid electrical shock or personal injury,
remove the test leads and any input signals
before replacing the battery or fuses. To
prevent damage or injury, install ONLY
specified replacement fuses with the
amperage, voltage, and speed ratings shown
in Chapter 7.
Dirt or moisture in the terminals can affect readings and
can falsely activate the Input Alert feature. Clean the
terminals as follows:
1. Turn the meter off and remove all test leads.
2. Shake out any dirt that may be in the terminals.
6-1
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Replace F2 if "
displayed
or
"
Replace F1 if "
displayed
or
"
1
8
9
1
8
9
LOGGING MULTIMETER
LOGGING MULTIMETER
A
A
u
u
toHOLD
toHOLD
H
O
H
O
F
AST MN MX
L
D
F
L
D
AST MN MX
M
IN
M
IN
M
M
LOGGING
A
X
LOGGING
A
X
R
E
L
R
CANCEL
CANCEL
E
L
YES
YES
H
z
H
z
%
m
s
%
m
s
SETUP
SETUP
SA
SA
VE
VE
R
R
A
N
A
N
G
E
G
E
NO
NO
n
S
n
S
a
a
c
c
+
+
d
c
d
c
mV
mV
a
a
c
c
+
d
c
+
d
c
V
V
F
d
B
F
d
B
mV
mV
C
C
A
A
d
d
B
mA
B
V
mA
A
V
A
O
O
F
F
F
F
A
A
mA
d
c
mA
d
a
a
c
+
c
+
c
A
A
A
A
a
c
+
d
c
a
c
+
d
c
V
R
V
IE
W
IE
W
M
C
L
C
L
E
A
E
A
A
A
R
mA
mA
M
E
M
E
M
m
A
m
A
A
A
10A
FU
10A
FU
M
M
ED
A
AX
S
TEMPERATURE
S
TEMPERATURE
C
C
O
O
M
M
400m
FU
ED
400m
FU
A
A
S
S
V
E
V
D
C
C
A
T
0
0
A
T
V
1
0
1
0
0
0
V
ach038f.eps
Figure 6-1. Testing the Current Fuses
6-2
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Maintenance
Replacing the Batteries
6
Replace the batteries as follows (refer to Figure 6-2):
Replacing the Batteries
1. Turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test
leads from the terminals.
Replace the batteries with four AA batteries (NEDA I5A or
IEC LR6).
2. Remove the battery door by using a standard-blade
screwdriver to turn the battery door screws one-
quarter turn counterclockwise.
WWarning
To avoid false readings, which could lead to
possible electric shock or personal injury,
replace the batteries as soon as the battery
indicator (B) appears.
3. Replace the batteries and the battery door. Secure
the door by turning the screws one-quarter turn
clockwise.
6-3
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Maintenance
Replacing the Fuses
6
Replacing the Fuses
W Warning
User-Replaceable Parts
User-replaceable parts are listed in Table 6-1. These parts
can be ordered by contacting Fluke. See “How to Contact
Fluke" in Chapter 1.
To avoid electrical shock or damage to the
meter, only use replacement fuses specified
in Table 6-1.
In Case of Difficulty
Referring to Figure 6-2, examine or replace the meter’s
fuses as follows:
If the meter does not seem to work properly:
1. Examine the case for damage. If damage is detected,
1. Turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test
leads from the terminals.
contact Fluke. See “Contacting Fluke” in Chapter 1.
2. Check and replace (as needed) the batteries, fuses,
and test leads.
2. Remove the battery acccess door by using a
standard-blade screwdriver to turn the battery door
screws one-quarter turn counterclockwise.
3. Review this manual to verify correct operation.
4. If the meter still does not work, pack it securely and
forward it, postage paid, to the location provided by
the appropriate Fluke contact. Include a description of
the problem. Fluke assumes no responsibility for
damage in transit.
3. Remove either fuse by gently prying one end loose,
then sliding the fuse out of its bracket.
4. Install ONLY specified replacement fuses with the
amperage, voltage, and speed ratings shown in
Chapter 7.
A meter under warranty will be repaired or replaced (at
Fluke’s option) and returned at no charge. See the
registration card for warranty terms.
5. Reinstall the battery door. Secure the door by turning
the screws one-quarter turn clockwise.
6-5
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Table 6-1. User-Replaceable Parts
Reference Designators
Description
Part Number
Qty
Access Door, Battery / Fuse
Tilt-Stand
MP14
666446
659026
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
4
1
1
1
5
1
MP8
Accessory Mount
MP9
658424
WFuse, 0.44 A (44/100 A, 440 mA), 1000 V, FAST
WFuse, 11 A,1000 V FAST
Battery, 1.5 V, 0-15 mA, AA Alkaline
Fasteners, Battery / Fuse Access Door
Screws, Phillip-Head
F1
943121
F2
803293
H8, H9, H10, H11
H12, H13
H4, H5, H6, H7
MP38
376756
948609
832246
AC70A Alligator Clip (Black)
AC70A Alligator Clip (Red)
TL71 Right-Angle Test Lead Set
Getting Started Manual
738047
MP39
738120
MP34
802980
(TM1-TM5)
(TM6)
(see footnote)
1576992
CD-ROM (Contains Users Manual)
Getting Started Manual PNs: English=1547486; French, German, Italian, Dutch=1555282; Danish, Finnish, Norwegian,
Swedish=1555307; French, Spanish, Portuguese=1555294; Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Korean, Japanese,Thai=1555282
6-6
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Chapter 7
Specifications
Safety and Compliances
Maximum voltage between any terminal and earth
ground.
1000 V dc or rms ac
Compliances - DUAL RATINGS
Complies with IEC 1010-1 to 1000 V Overvoltage Category III,
Pollution Degree 2; and IEC 664-1 to 600 V Overvoltage Category
IV, Pollution Degree 2 *
Certifications (Iisted and pending)
CSA per standard CSA/CAN C22.2 No. 1010.1-92
UL per standard UL 3111 TÜV per standard EN 61010 Part 1-1993
Surge Protection
8 kV peak per IEC 1010.1-92
Fuse Protection for mA or µA inputs
Fuse Protection for A input
Markings
0.44 A (44/100 A, 440 mA), 1000 V FAST Fuse
11 A, 1000 V FAST Fuse
,
,UL, TÜV and
* OVERVOLTAGE (Installation) Categories refer to the level of Impulse Withstand Voltage protection provided at the specified
Pollution Degree.
•
•
Overvoltage Category III equipment is equipment in fixed installations. Examples include switch gear and polyphase motors.
Overvoltage Category IV equipment is equipment for use at the origin of the installation. Examples include electricity meter
and primary over-current protection equipment.
7-1
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Physical Specifications
Display (LCD)
Digital: 50000/5000 counts primary display,
5000 counts secondary display;
updates 4/second.
Analog: 51 segments, updates 40/second.
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Temperature Coefficient
Relative Humidity
− 20 °C to + 55 °C
− 40 °C to + 60 °C
0.05 x (specified accuracy) / °C (<18 °C or >28 °C)
0 % to 90 % (0 °C to 35 °C)
0 % to 70 % (35 °C to 55 °C)
Altitude
Operating: 0-2000 meters per EN61010 CAT III, 1000 V; CAT IV, 600 V
0-3000 meters per EN61010 CAT II, 1000 V; EN61010 CAT III, 600 V;
CAT IV, 300 V
Storage: 10000 meters
Battery Type
Battery Life
4 AA Alkaline, NEDA 15A or LR6
72 Hours typical (with backlight off)
Shock Vibration
Per MIL-T-PRF 28800 for Class II instruments
Susceptibility and Emissions: Commercial Limits per EN61326-1
Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC)
Size
10.0 cm x 20.3 cm x 5.0 cm (3.94 in x 8.00 in x 1.97 in)
(Not Including Accessory Mount)
Weight
545 grams (1.2 lbs.)
Lifetime
Warranty
Calibration Interval
1 year
7-2
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Specifications
Feature Summary
7
Feature Summary
Feature
Description
Dual Digital Displays
Primary:
50,000 counts
Secondary: 5,000 count
Analog Bar Graph
Bar graph: 51 segments, updates 40 times/second
Bright white backlight for clear readings in poorly lighted areas
Meter automatically selects best range - instantly
Choices for AC only, AC and DC dual display, or AC+DC readings
User selectable impedance references for dBm
Holds readings on display
Backlight with 2 brightness levels
Fast Autorange
AC+DC true rms, ac rms specified to 100 kHz
dBm, dBV
AutoHOLD
Continuity / Open test
Beeper sounds for resistance readings below threshold, or to
indicate a momentary open circuit
Fast Bar Graph
51 segments for peaking and nulling
Duty cycle / Pulse width
MIN MAX Mode
Measure signal on or off time in % or milliseconds
Record maximum, minimum, and average values.
24-hour clock for MAX or MIN, elapsed time for AVG.
FAST MN MX with 24-hour time stamp
Closed-Case Calibration
FAST MN MX captures peaks to 250 µsec.
No internal adjustments needed
Battery / Fuse Access Door
Hi-Impact Overmolded Case
Battery or fuse replaceable without voiding calibration
Protective holster features
7-3
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Basic Specifications
Function
Ranges/Description
DC Voltage
0 to 1000 V
AC Voltage, true RMS
Basic Accuracy
2.5 mV to 1000 V – 100 kHz bandwidth
DC voltage: 0.025 %
AC voltage: 0.4 %
DC Current
0 to 10 A (20 A for 30 seconds)
25 µA to 10 A (20 A for 30 seconds)
0 to 500 MΩ
AC Current, true RMS
Resistance
Conductance
Capacitance
Diode Test
0 to 500 nS
0.001 nF to 50 mF
3.1 V
Temperature
Frequency
−200 °C to 1350 °C (−328 °F to 2462 °F)
0.5 Hz to 1000 kHz
LOGGING Intervals
(Model 189 only)
At least 288 intervals may be stored. Up to 707 unstable event values (see AutoHold)
are automatically added to LOGGING memory for viewing only through optional PC
software. Additional intervals will be logged up to 995 if the signal is stable.
SAVE Readings
(Model 189 only)
Up to 100 readings may be saved by the user in a memory separate from LOGGING
memory. These readings may be viewed using VIEW MEM.
7-4
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Specifications
Detailed Accuracy Specifications
7
Detailed Accuracy Specifications
Accuracy is specified for a period of one year after calibration, at 18 °C to 28 °C (64 °F to 82 °F), with relative humidity to 90
%. Accuracy specifications are given as:
± ( [ % of reading ] + [ number of least significant digits ] )
AC mV, AC V, AC µA, AC mA, and AC A specifications are ac coupled, true rms and are valid from 5 % of range to
100 % of range. AC crest factor can be up to 3.0 at full-scale, 6.0 at half-scale except the 3000 mV and 1000 V ranges
where it is 1.5 at full scale, 3.0 at half-scale.
Accuracy
Function
AC mV 1, 2
Range
Resolution
0.001 mV
0.01 mV
0.1 mV
45 Hz-1 kHz 20-45 Hz
1 kHz-10 kHz 10 kHz-20 kHz 20 kHz-100 kHz
50.000 mV
500.00 mV
3000.0 mV
5.0000 V
50.000 V
500.00 V
1000.0 V
−52 to −6
−6 to +34
+34 to +60
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.1 dB
2 % + 80
2 % + 80
2 % + 80
2 % + 80
2 % + 80
2 % + 80
2 % + 80
0.2 dB
5 % + 40
5 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.4 % + 40
0.5 dB
5.5 % + 40
5.5 % + 40
1.5 % + 40
1.5 % + 40
1.5 % + 40
Not specified
Not specified
0.5 dB
15 % + 40
8 % + 40
8 % + 40
8 % + 40
8 % + 40
Not specified
Not specified
1.4 dB
AC V1, 2
0.0001 V
0.001 V
0.01 V
0.1 V
dBV
0.01 dB
0.01 dB
0.01 dB
0.1 dB
0.2 dB
0.1 dB
0.2 dB
0.8 dB
0.1 dB
0.2 dB
0.1 dB
Not specified
Not specified
1. For the 5,000 count mode, divide the number of least significant digits (counts) by 10.
2. A residual reading of 8 to 180 digits with leads shorted, will not affect stated accuracy above 5 % of range.
7-5
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Accuracy
1-20 kHz
Function
Range
Resolution
0.01 µA
45-1 kHz
0.75 % + 20
0.75 % + 5
0.75 % + 20
0.75 % + 5
1.5 % + 20
1.5 % + 5
20-45 Hz
1 % + 20
1% + 5
20 kHz-100 kHz
6 % + 40
AC µA
500.00 µA
5,000.0 µA
50.000 mA
400.00 mA
5.0000 A
0.75 % + 20
0.75 % + 10
0.75 % + 20
1.5 % + 10
6 % + 40
0.1 µA
2 % + 40
AC mA
AC A
0.001 mA
0.01 mA
0.0001 A
0.001 A
1% + 20
1% + 5
9 % + 40
4 % + 40
1.5% + 20
1.5% + 5
Not specified
Not specified
10.000 A 1
5 % + 10
1. 10 A continuous up to 35 °C, less than 10 minutes 35 °C to 55 °C. 20 A overload for 30 seconds maximum.
7-6
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Specifications
Detailed Accuracy Specifications
7
Accuracy
DC
Accuracy Dual Display AC or AC+DC 3
Function
Range
Resolution
0.001 mV
0.01 mV
0.1 mV
20 - 45 Hz
45 Hz - 1 kHz
1 kHz- 20 kHz
DC mV
50.000 mV
500.00 mV
3000.0 mV
5.0000 V
0.1% + 20
2 % + 80
0.5 % + 40
6 % + 40
2 % + 40
0.03 % + 2
0.025 % + 5
0.025 % + 10 2
0.03 % + 3 2
0.1 % + 2 2
0.1 % + 2 2
0.25 % + 20
0.25 % + 2
0.15 % + 10
0.15 % + 2
0.5 %+ 10
DC V
0.0001 V
0.001 V
0.01 V
50.000 V
500.00 V
Not specified
Not specified
2 % + 40
1000.0 V
0.1 V
DC µA
DC mA
DC A
500.00 µA
5,000.0 µA
50.000 mA
400.00 mA
5.0000 A
0.01 µA
0.1 µA
1 % + 20
1 % + 10
1 % + 20
1 % + 10
2 % + 20
1.5 % + 10
1.0 % + 20
0.75 % + 10
0.75 % + 20
1 % + 10
2 % + 40
0.001 mA
0.01 mA
0.0001 A
0.001 A
2 % + 40
3 % + 40
2 % + 20
6 % + 40
10.000 A 1
0.5 %+ 2
1.5 % + 10
5 % + 10
1. 10 A continuous up to 35 °C, less than 10 minutes 35 °C to 55 °C. 20 A overload for 30 seconds maximum.
2. 20 counts in dual display DC or AC+DC.
3. See AC conversions notes for AC mV and V
7-7
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Function
Range
500.00 Ω
Resolution
0.01 Ω
Accuracy
0.05 % + 10 3
0.05 % + 2
0.05 % + 2
0.05 % + 2
0.15 % + 4 2
1.0 % + 4 2
3.0 % + 2 4
3.0% + 2 4
Resistance 1
5.0000 kΩ
0.0001 kΩ
0.001 kΩ
0.01 kΩ
50.000 kΩ
500.00 kΩ
5.0000 MΩ
0.0001 MΩ
0.001 MΩ
0.1 MΩ
5.000 MΩ up to 32.000 MΩ
32.0 MΩ up to 50.0 MΩ
50.0 MΩ up to 100.0 MΩ
100.0 MΩ up to 500.0 MΩ
50.00 nS
0.1 MΩ
0.1 MΩ
10.0 % + 24
Conductance
0.01 nS
1 % + 10
1. For the 5,000 count mode, divide the number of least significant digits (counts) by 10.
2. For relative humidity greater than 70 %, resistance accuracy is 0.5 % over 1 MΩ and 2.5 % over 10 MΩ.
3. Using relative mode (REL ∆) to zero residual reading.
4. To ensure stated accuracy, switch to conductance mode and verify that the open circuit reading is less than 0.10 nS.
7-8
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Specifications
Detailed Accuracy Specifications
7
Function
Capacitance 2
Ranges
Resolution
Accuracy
1.000 nF
0.001 nF
2% + 5
10.00 nF
100.0 nF
1.000 µF
10.00 µF
100.0 µF
1,000 µF
10.0 mF
50.00 mF
3.1000 V
0.01 nF
0.1 nF
1 % + 5
0.001 µF
0.01 µF
0.1 µF
1 µF
0.01 mF
0.01 mF 3
0.0001 V
3 % + 10
2 % + 20
Diode Test 1
1. For the 5,000 count mode, divide the number of least significant digits (counts) by 10.
2. For film capacitor or better, using Relative mode (REL ∆) to zero residual on 1.000 nF and 10.00 nF ranges.
3. Least significant digit not active above 10 mF.
7-9
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Function
Range
500.00 Hz
Resolution
Accuracy
Frequency
0.01 Hz 1
0.0001 kHz
0.001 kHz
0.01 kHz
0.01 %
± (0.0050 % + 1)
5.0000 kHz
50.000 kHz
999.99 kHz
Duty Cycle
10.00% to 90.00 %
499.99 ms
± ((voltage range/input voltage) X 300 counts) 5,6
± (3 % X (voltage range/input voltage) + 1 count)5,6
Pulse Width
0.01 ms
0.1 ms
999.9 ms
Temperature
−200 to +1350 °C
−328 to +2462 °F
0.1 °C
± ( 1% of reading + 1 °C) 2,3
± ( 1% of reading + 1.8 °F) 2,3
0.1 °F
MIN MAX AVG
Response: 100 ms to 80 %
Specified accuracy ± 12 counts for changes > 200 ms
in duration. (± 40 counts in AC for changes > 350 ms
and inputs > 25 % of range)
FAST MN MX
250 µs 4
Specified accuracy ±100 counts up to 5,000 count (full
range) reading. For higher peak readings (to 20,000
counts), specified accuracy ± 2% of reading.
1. Reading will be 0.00 for signals below 0.5 Hz.
2. Accuracy specification is relative to the user-adjustable temperature offset, and assumes ambient temperature stable to ± 1 °C.
3. For ambient temperature changes of ± 5 °C, rated accuracy applies after 1 hour.
4. For repetitive peaks; 2.5 ms for single events. Use DC function settings below 20 Hz. 50 mV range not specified.
5. Frequency greater than 5 Hz, except for VDC, 500 mVDC and 3000 mVDC functions; 0.5 Hz to 1 kHz. Signals centered around
trigger levels.
6. Range/input ratios also apply to current functions. 500 counts or 5 % for 10 A ranges.
7-10
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Specifications
Frequency Counter Sensitivity
7
Frequency Counter Sensitivity
Approximate VAC Sensitivity
(RMS Sine Wave)1
15 Hz to
100 kHz 2
Approximate VDC
VDC
500 kHz 2
10 mV
Input Range
50 mV
500 mV
3000 mV
5 V
50 V
500 V
1000 V
VAC Bandwidth 3
Trigger Levels 1
Bandwidth 3
5 mV
1 MHz
1 MHz
800 kHz
950 kHz
1 MHz
-5 mV & 5 mV
5 mV & 65 mV
140 mV & 200 mV
1.4 V & 2.0 V
0.5 V & 6.5 V
5 V & 65 V
1 MHz
1 MHz
90 kHz
14 kHz
> 400 kHz
> 400 kHz
> 400 kHz
20 mV
500 mV
0.5 V
5 V
20 mV
2000 mV
2.0 V
5.0 V
20 V
20 V
1 MHz
> 400 kHz
100 V
100 V
5 V & 65 V
. 1. Maximum input = 10 x Range (1000 V max). Noise at low frequencies and amplitudes may affect accuracy.
2. Useable at reduced sensitivity to 0.5 Hz and 1000 kHz.
. 3. Typical frequency bandwidth with full scale (or maximum 2 X 107 V-Hz product) RMS sine wave.
Burden Voltage (A, mA, µA)
Function
mA - µA
Range
Burden Voltage (typical)
500.00 µA
5,000 µA
50.000 mA
400.00 mA
5.0000 A
10.000 A
102 µV / µA
102 µV / µA
1.8 mV / mA
1.8 mV / mA
0.04 V / A
A
0.04 V / A
7-11
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Model 187 & 189
Users Manual
Input Characteristics
Function
Input Impedance (Nominal)
Volts, mV
10 MΩ, < 100 pF
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
Normal Mode Rejection
DC Volts, mV
AC Volts, mV
>100 dB at dc, 50 Hz or 60 Hz ±0.1%
> 90 dB dc to 60 Hz
>90 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz ± 0.1%
Full-Scale Voltage
Open Circuit Test Voltage
To 5 MΩ
30 MΩ + nS
3.1 V
Ohms
< 5 V
< 5 V
500 mV
Diode Test
3.1000 V
Typical Short-Circuit Current
500 Ω
1 mA
5 kΩ
50 kΩ
10 µA
500 kΩ
1 µA
5 MΩ
30 MΩ
0.1 µA
Ohms
100 µA
0.1 µA
Diode Test
1 mA typical
7-12
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