Airlink101 Network Router APO1000 User Manual

Wireless G 2.4GHz 500mW Outdoor AP

Model: APO1000/APO1010

User’s Manual

V.1.0

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4.3.5 Backup / Restore and Reset to Factory ..................................................................................................69

4.3.6 Firmware Upgrade......................................................................................................................................70

4.3.7 Network Utility .............................................................................................................................................71

4.3.8 Reboot..........................................................................................................................................................72

4.4 SYSTEM STATUS ....................................................................................................................................................73

4.4.1 System Overview........................................................................................................................................73

4.4.2 WDS Link Status.........................................................................................................................................75

4.4.3 Extra Information ........................................................................................................................................76

4.4.4 Event Log.....................................................................................................................................................78

CHAPTER 5. CPE MODE CONFIGURATION..........................................................................................................79

5.1 EXTERNAL NETWORK CONNECTION .....................................................................................................................79

5.1.1 Network Requirement................................................................................................................................79

5.1.2 Configure WAN Setup................................................................................................................................81

5.1.3 Configure DDNS Setup..............................................................................................................................84

5.1.4 Configure LAN IP........................................................................................................................................85

5.2 ACCESS POINT ASSOCIATION................................................................................................................................87

5.2.1 Wireless General Setup.............................................................................................................................87

5.2.2 Wireless Advanced Setup .........................................................................................................................90

5.2.3 Site Survey ..................................................................................................................................................93

5.3 SYSTEM MANAGEMENT.........................................................................................................................................94

5.3.1 Configure Management.............................................................................................................................94

5.3.2 Configure System Time .............................................................................................................................96

5.3.3 Configure UPnP..........................................................................................................................................97

5.3.4 Configure SNMP Setup .............................................................................................................................98

5.3.5 Backup / Restore and Reset to Factory ................................................................................................ 100

5.3.6 Firmware Upgrade.................................................................................................................................... 101

5.3.7 Network Utility ........................................................................................................................................... 102

5.3.8 Reboot........................................................................................................................................................ 103

5.4 ACCESS CONTROL LIST....................................................................................................................................... 104

5.4.1 IP Filter Setup............................................................................................................................................ 104

5.4.2 MAC Filter Setup ...................................................................................................................................... 106

5.5 RESOURCE SHARING .......................................................................................................................................... 107

5.5.1 DMZ............................................................................................................................................................ 107

5.5.2 Virtual Server (Port Forwarding)............................................................................................................. 108

5.6 SYSTEM STATUS .................................................................................................................................................. 110

5.6.1 System Overview...................................................................................................................................... 110

5.6.2 DHCP Clients ............................................................................................................................................ 113

5.6.3 Extra Info.................................................................................................................................................... 114

5.6.4 Event Log................................................................................................................................................... 116

CHAPTER 6. CLIENT BRIDGE + UNIVERSAL REPEATER CONFIGURATION ............................................ 117

6.1 EXTERNAL NETWORK CONNECTION ................................................................................................................... 117

6.1.1 Network Requirement.............................................................................................................................. 117

6.1.2 Configure LAN IP...................................................................................................................................... 118

6.2 ACCESS POINT ASSOCIATION.............................................................................................................................. 120

6.2.1 Configure Wireless General Setting ...................................................................................................... 120

6.2.2 Wireless Advanced Setup ....................................................................................................................... 122

6.2.3 Site Survey ................................................................................................................................................ 125

6.3 WIRELESS LAN NETWORK CREATION................................................................................................................ 126

6.3.1 AP Setup.................................................................................................................................................... 126

6.3.2 MAC Filter Setup ...................................................................................................................................... 132

6.4 SYSTEM MANAGEMENT....................................................................................................................................... 133

6.4.1 Configure Management........................................................................................................................... 133

6.4.2 Configure System Time ........................................................................................................................... 135

6.4.3 Configure UPnP........................................................................................................................................ 136

6.4.4 Configure SNMP Setup ........................................................................................................................... 137

6.4.5 Backup / Restore and Reset to Factory ................................................................................................ 139

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6.4.6 Firmware Upgrade.................................................................................................................................... 140

6.4.7 Network Utility ........................................................................................................................................... 141

6.4.8 Reboot........................................................................................................................................................ 142

6.5 SYSTEM STATUS .................................................................................................................................................. 143

6.5.1 System Overview...................................................................................................................................... 143

6.5.2 Associated Clients Status........................................................................................................................ 146

6.5.3 DHCP Clients ............................................................................................................................................ 147

6.5.4 Extra Information ...................................................................................................................................... 148

6.5.5 Event Log................................................................................................................................................... 150

CHAPTER 7. COMMAND LINE INTERFACE(CLI) ............................................................................................... 151

7.1 ACCESSING THE CLI WITH TELNET ..................................................................................................................... 151

7.2 USING THE CLI.................................................................................................................................................... 152

APPENDIX A. WINDOWS TCP/IP SETTINGS..................................................................................................... 154

APPENDIX B. WEB GUI VALID CHARACTERS ................................................................................................ 156

APPENDIX C. NETWORK MANAGER PRIVILEGES ........................................................................................ 160

APPENDIX D. ENABLING UPNP IN WINDOWS XP.......................................................................................... 161

TECHNICAL SUPPORT............................................................................................................................................. 163

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Chapter 1. System Overview

1.1 Introduction

The 802.11 b/g compliant Airlink101® APO1000/APO1010 is an outdoor wireless access point that can be used for five

different purposes in three different modes. In the AP mode, it can be deployed either as traditional fixed wireless Access

Point(AP), or combination of AP and WDS(AP+WDS). In the WDS mode, it’s only used to expand or bridge Ethernet networks

and deployed as a main base, relay based or remote base station. In the CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) mode, it

connects to Wireless Internet Service Provider’s (WISP) outdoor network via wireless WAN gateway to access to Internet. In

the Client Bridge + Universal Repeater mode, it connects to Wireless Internet Service Provider’s (WISP) outdoor network via

wireless or wired bridge to access to Internet

The die-cast sealed APO1000/APO1010 is compact in size and compliant with IP68 weatherproof standard. It comes with a

mounting kit to mount on pole or wall. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor usage with its 500mW output power, which is

higher than a typical indoor AP (100mW).

Features:

1. Access Point : It can be deployed as a traditional fixed wireless Access Point

2. Repeater: To expand wireless service by repeating prior AP

3. WDS : It can be used to expand Ethernet network via wireless WDS Link

4. AP+WDS: Not only to extend Ethernet network, but also provide wireless access to the expanded network

5. CPE (Customer Premises Equipment): It is a wireless gateway with NAT and DHCP Server functions to connects to

Wireless Internet Service Provider's (WISP)

6. Client Bridge + Universal Repeater : It is a wireless repeater or bridge to connects to Wireless Internet Service

Provider's (WISP)

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1.2 System Concept

The APO1000/APO1010 is not only designed and used as traditional outdoor AP, but also with rich features tailored for WISP

applications. The two-level management capability and access control ease WISP and owners to maintain and manage

wireless network in a more controllable fashion. Main applications are listed as follows with illustration:

1. Wireless CPE for Multi Dwelling Unit/Multi Tenant Unit (MDU/MTU) complexes including apartments, dormitories, and

office complexes.

2. Outdoor Access Point for school campuses, enterprise campuses, or manufacture plants.

3. Indoor Access Point for hotels, factories, or warehouses where industrial grade devices are preferred.

4. Public hotspot operation for café, parks, convention centers, shopping malls, or airports.

5. Wireless coverage for indoor and outdoor grounds in private resorts, home yards, or gulf course communities.

APO1000/

APO1010

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1.3 Applications in Wireless Network

APO1000/APO1010 is a multiple mode system which can be configured either as a wireless gateway or an access point as

desired. It also can be used as WDS link for Ethernet network expansion. This section depicts different applications in AP

Mode, WDS Mode, and CPE Mode and Client Bridge + Universal Repeater Mode.

„

Configuration in AP Mode (including Access Point + WDS)

An access point can be either a main, relay or remote base station. A main base station is typically connected to a wired

network via the Ethernet port. A relay base station relays data between main base stations and relay stations or remote

base stations with clients. A remote base station is the end point to accept connections from wireless clients and pass

data upwards to a network wirelessly.

Example 1 : Access Point without WDS

It can be deployed as a tradition fixed wireless Access Point

APO1000/APO1010

Example 2 : Access Point with WDS

It can be deployed as a tradition fixed wireless Access Point and provides WDS link to expand network

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APO1000/APO1010

„

Configuration in WDS Mode (Pure WDS)

An access point can be either a main, relay or remote base station. A main base station is typically connected to a wired

network via the Ethernet port. A relay base station relays data between main base stations and relay stations or remote

base stations with clients. A remote base station is the end point to accept connections from wireless clients and pass

data upwards to a network wirelessly. In this mode, it can support single or multiple WDS links and no wireless clients

can associate with it though.

Example 1 : Point-to-Point

APO1000/APO1010

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APO1000/APO1010

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Example 2 : Point-to-Multi-Point

APO1000/APO1010

Example 3 : Multi-Point Repeating bridge

APO1000/APO1010

„

Configuration in CPE Mode

It can be used as an Outdoor Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to receive wireless signal over last mile application,

helping WISPs deliver wireless broadband Internet service to residents and business customers. In the CPE mode,

APO1000/APO1010 is a gateway enabled with NAT and DHCP Server functions. The wired clients connected to

APO1000/APO1010 are in different subnet from those connected to Main Base Station, and, in CPE mode, it does not

accept wireless association from wireless clients.

APO1000/APO1010

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„

Configuration in Client Bridge + Universal Repeater Mode

It can be used as an Client Bridge + Universal Repeater to receive wireless signal over last mile applications, helping

WISPs deliver wireless broadband Internet service to new residential and business customers. In this mode,

APO1000/APO1010 is enabled with DHCP Server functions. The wired clients of APO1000/APO1010 are in the same

subnet from Main Base Station and it accepts wireless connections from client devices.

APO1000/APO1010

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1.4 Product Benefit

„

500mW at 2.4Ghz Output Power

Topology : Point to Point ; Point to Multi Point

Operation Modes :

Access Point Mode : Pure Access Point Function and Access Point /Bridge(WDS) Function

WDS Mode

CPE Mode (Router Client )

Client Bridge + Universal Repeater Mode

„

Security with WEP, WPA/WPA2-PSK, and WPA/WPA2-RADIUS

Over load current protection

Integrated Power over Ethernet (PoE)

8 Multiple B-SSID capability

Business-class security and central management

Weather-Proof Housing

VLAN tag over WDS

Client Isolation through Layer 2 VLAN technology

Two administrator accounts for manager authorities

APO1000/APO1010 outdoor high power WiFi Bridge is the point of connection to Wireless Outdoor Network for service

provider deploying last mile services to business or residential broadband subscribers.. Network administrators can create

multiple subscriber service tier using per-subscriber rate limiting features, and manage centrally. APO1000/APO1010 outdoor

bridge utilizes a 500mW output Tx Power to connect to the WiFi mesh or WDS infrastructure and provides the subscriber with

an Ethernet connection for a local access.

APO1000/APO1010 outdoor high power Bridge supports four operational modes, the AP mode, the WDS mode, the CPE

mode and the Client Bridge + Universal Repeater mode, respectively with built-in remote management features.

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1.5 Specification

„

Wireless Architecture Mode

AP Mode

Pure AP Mode

•

It can be deployed as a tradition fixed wireless Access Point

It allow wireless clients or Stations(STA ) to access

AP/WDS Mode

This enables the wireless interconnection of Access Point in an IEEE802.11 network .and accept wireless

clients at the same time

WDS Mode

•

This enables the wireless interconnection of Access Point in an IEEE802.11 network.

It allows a wireless network to be expanded using multiple access point without the need for a wired backbone

to link them.

This also be referred to as repeater mode.

It can’t allow wireless clients or Stations (STA) to associate.

CPE Mode

WiFi connection as WAN , in CPE mode , the device run as DHCP server to assign IP address to clients out of a

private IP address pool behind a NAT

Client Bridge + Universal RepeaterMode

A wireless repeater and bridge with DHCP server enabled, clients on the same subnet as host AP(Primary

Router).

6. Networking

Support Static IP, Dynamic IP(DHCP Client) and PPPoE on WiFi WAN Connection

Support PPTP/L2TP/IP Sec Pass Through

PPPoE Reconnect – Always On , On demand, Manual

MAC Cloning

DHCP Server

802.3 Bridging

Masquerading (NAT)

Proxy DNS

Dynamic DNS

NTP Client

Virtual DMZ

Virtual Server (IP / Port Forwarding)

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Support MAC Filter

Support IP Filter

Bandwidth traffic Shaping

7. Wireless Feature

Transmission power control : 9 Levels

Channel selection : Manual or Auto

No of associated clients per AP : 32

Setting for max no associated clients : Yes

No. of ESSID (Virtual AP) : 8

No. of Max. WDS setting : 8

Preamble setting : Short/ Long

Setting for 802.11b/g mix, 802.11b only or 802.11g only

Setting for transmission speed

Dynamic Wireless re-transmission

IEEE802.11f IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol), hand over users to another AP

IEEE 802.11i Preauth (PMKSA Cache )

IEEE 802.11h -Transmission Power Control

IEEE 802.11d -Multi country roaming

„

Authentication/ Encryption (Wireless Security)

Layer 2 User Isolation

Blocks client to client discovery within a specified VLAN

WEP 64/ 128/ 152 Bits

EAP-TLS + Dynamic WEP

EAP-TTLS + Dynamic WEP

PEAP/ MS-PEAP+Dynamic WEP

WPA (PSK +TKIP)

WPA (802.1x certification + TKIP)

802.11i WPA2 (PSK + CCMP/ AES)

802.11i WPA2 (802.1x certification + CCMP/ AES)

Setting for TKIP/ CCMP/ AES key’s refreshing period

Hidden ESSID support

Setting for “Deny ANY “ connection request

MAC Address filtering (MAC ACL)

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No. of registered RADIUS servers : 2

VLAN assignment on BSSID

Support VLAN tag over WDS

„

Quality of Service

DiffServ/ ToS

IEEE802.1p/ CoS

IEEE 802.1Q Tag VLAN priority control

IEEE802.11e WMM

„

System Administration

Intuitive Web Management Interface

Password Protected Access

Firmware upgrade via Web

Reset to Factory Defaults

Profiles Configuration Backup and Restore

Two administrator accounts

Remote Link Test

Full Statistics and Status Reporting

SNMP Traps to a list of IP Address

NTP Time Synchronization

Even Log

Support SNMP v1,v2c, v3

Support MIB II

CLI access via Telnet and SSH

Administrative Access : HTTP/ HTTPS

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play)

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Chapter 2. Basic Installation

2.1 Hardware Installation

2.1.1 Package Contents

The standard package contents of APO1000/APO1010:

„

APO1000/APO1010

x 1

Quick Installation Guide

CD-ROM (with User Manual and QIG)

PSE with AC Cable

Mounting Kit

It is highly recommended to use all the supplies in the package instead of substituting any components by other

suppliers to guarantee best performance.

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2.1.2 Panel Function Descriptions

¾ APO1000

Front Panel

Rear Panel

1. Reset Button :

System reboot button press until LED flashed and release for system reboot or for reset

to factory default press, LED flashes keep pressing until LED becomes static

2. Power :

Red LED ON indicates power on, and OFF indicates power off

Yellow LED ON indicates Low Signal (CPE Mode)

3. Signal Strength :

4. Signal Strength :

5. Signal Strength :

6. WLAN :

Green LED ON indicates Normal Signal (CPE Mode) or (WDS Mode only)

Green LED ON indicates High Signal (CPE Mode) or (AP Mode only)

Green LED BLINKING indicates Wireless ON, and BLINKING quickly indicates Wireless

Transmit quickly.

7. Ethernet :

Green LED ON indicates connection, OFF indicates no connection

8. PoE Connector :

For connecting to PSE

9. N-Type Connector :

For connecting to N-Type antenna

In CPE Mode, the LED 3 ON indicates the signal Low ( Signal <= 10 RSSI); the LED 3 and 4 ON indicate the

signal Normal (10 < Signal <=40 RSSI); the LED 3, 4 and 5 ON indicate the signal High ( Signal > 40 ).

Only LED 4 ON indicates the operating mode is WDS Mode; only LED 5 ON indicates the operating mode is

AP Mode.

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¾ APO1010

Front Panel

Rear Panel

1. Reset Button :

System reboot button press until LED flashed and release for system reboot or for reset

to factory default press, LED flashes keep pressing until LED becomes static

2. Power :

Red LED ON indicates power on, and OFF indicates power off

Yellow LED ON indicates Low Signal (CPE Mode)

3. Signal Strength :

4. Signal Strength :

5. Signal Strength :

6. WLAN :

Green LED ON indicates Normal Signal (CPE Mode) or (WDS Mode only)

Green LED ON indicates High Signal (CPE Mode) or (AP Mode only)

Green LED BLINKING indicates Wireless ON, and BLINKING quickly indicates Wireless

Transmit quickly.

7. Ethernet :

Green LED ON indicates connection, OFF indicates no connection

For connecting to PSE

8. PoE Connector :

In CPE Mode, the LED 3 ON indicates the signal Low ( Signal <= 10 RSSI); the LED 3 and 4 ON indicate the

signal Normal (10 < Signal <=40 RSSI); the LED 3, 4 and 5 ON indicate the signal High ( Signal > 40 ).

Only LED 4 ON indicates the operating mode is WDS Mode; only LED 5 ON indicates the operating mode is

AP Mode.

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2.1.3 Hardware Installation Steps

Please follow the steps mentioned below to install the hardware of APO1000/APO1010:

¾ APO1000

Front Panel

Rear Panel

Connect N-type antenna to the N-type connector on the rear panel.

Connect Power Injector to the PoE connector on the front panel.

Connect an Ethernet cable to the Power Injector and the other end to a computer.

Source power to Power Injector in order to supply power to APO1000.

¾ APO1010

Front Panel

Rear Panel

Connect Power Injector to the PoE connector on the front panel.

Connect an Ethernet cable to the Power Injector and the other end to a computer.

Source power to Power Injector in order to supply power to APO1010.

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2.2 Web Management Interface Instructions

APO1000/APO1010 supports web-based configuration. Upon the completion of hardware installation, APO1000/APO1010

can be configured through a COMPUTER by using its web browser such as Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.

1. Default IP Address : 192.168.2.254

2. Default IP Netmask : 255.255.255.0

3. Default User Name and Password :

The default user name and password for both root manager account and admin manager account are as follows:

Client Bridge +

Universal Repeater Mode

Mode

CPE Mode

AP Mode

WDS Mode

Root

Admin

Root

Account

Root

Account

Management Account

Account Account Account

User Name

Password

root

admin

root

default

Step

„

IP Segment Set-up for Administrator's Computer

Set the IP segment of the administrator's computer to be in the same range as APO1000/APO1010 for accessing the

system. Do not duplicate the IP Address used here with IP Address of APO1000/APO1010 or any other device within the

network

Example of Segment :

The valid range is 1 ~ 254 and 192.168.2.254 shall be avoided because it is already assigned to APO1000/APO1010.

192.168.2.10 is used in the example below.

IP Address : 192.168.2.10

IP Netmask : 255.255.255.0

„

Launch Web Browser

Launch web browser to access the web management interface of system by entering the default IP Address,

http://192.168.2.254, in the URL field, and then press Enter.

System Login

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The network manager Login Page then appears.

Enter “root” for user name and “default” for password, and then click OK to login to the system; the root manager

account is used as an example here.

„

System Overview page will appear after successful login.

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Chapter 3. AP Mode Configuration

When AP mode is chosen, the system can be configured as an Access Point. This section provides detailed explanation for

users to configure in the AP mode with help of illustrations. In the AP mode, functions listed in the table below are also

available from the Web-based GUI interface.

Option

System

Wireless

Utilities

Status

Operating Mode

General Settings

Profiles Settings

System Overview

LAN

Advanced Settings

Virtual AP

Firmware Upgrade

Network Utility

Reboot

Clients

Management

Time Server

WDS List

Extra Info

Event Log

Functions

WDS Setup

SNMP

UPNP

Table 3-1: AP Mode Functions

3.1 External Network Connection

3.1.1 Network Requirement

Normally, APO1000/APO1010 connects to a wired LAN and provides a wireless connection point to associate with wireless

client as shown in Figure 3-1. Then, Wireless clients could access to LAN or Internet by associating themselves with

APO1000/APO1010 set in AP mode.

APO1000/APO1010

Figure 3-1 Access Point on a Wired LAN Configuration

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3.1.2 Configure LAN IP

Here are the instructions to setup the local IP Address and Netmask.

Please click on System -> LAN and follow the below setting.

„

Mode : Check either “Static IP” or “Dynamic IP” button as desired to set up the system IP of LAN port .

Static IP : The administrator can manually setup the LAN IP address when static IP is preferred.

IP Address : The IP address of the LAN port; default IP address is 192.168.1.254

IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the LAN port; default Netmask is 255.255.255.0

IP Gateway : The default gateway of the LAN port; default Gateway is 192.168.1.1

Dynamic IP : This configuration type is applicable when the APO1000/APO1010 is connected to a network with

presence of a DHCP server. All related IP information will be provided by the DHCP server automatically.

Hostname : The Hostname of the LAN port

„

DNS : Check either “No Default DNS Server” or “Specify DNS Server IP” button as desired to set up the system DNS.

Primary : The IP address of the primary DNS server.

Secondary : The IP address of the secondary DNS server.

802.1d Spanning Tree

The spanning tree network protocol provides a loop free topology for a bridged LAN between LAN interface and 8 WDS

interfaces from wds0 to wds7. The Spanning Tree Protocol, which is also referred to as STP, is defined in the IEEE

Standard 802.1d.

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APO1000/APO1010

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

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3.2 Wireless LAN Network Creation

The network manager can configure related wireless settings, General Settings, Advanced Settings, Virtual AP(VAP)

Setting, Security Settings, and MAC Filter Settings.

3.2.1 Wireless General Setup

The administrator can change the data transmission, channel and output power settings for the system. Please click on

Wireless -> General Setup and follow the below setting.

„

MAC address : The MAC address of the Wireless interface is displayed here.

„

Band Mode : Select an appropriate wireless band; bands available are 801.11b, 802.11g and 802.11b+802.11g.

Transmit Rate Control : Select the desired rate from the drop-down list; the options are auto or ranging from 1 to

54Mbps for the 802.11g and 802.11b/g modes, or 1 to 11Mbps for the 802.11b mode.

„

Country : Select the desired Country code from the drop-down list; the options are US, ETSI or Japan.

Channel : The channel range will be changed by selecting different country code. The channel range from 1 to 11 for US

country code, or 1 to 13 for ETSI country code, or 1 to 14 for JP country code.

„

Tx Power : You can adjust the output power of the system to get the appropriate coverage for your wireless network.

Select the LEVEL 1 to LEVEL 9 that you need for your environment. If you are not sure from which setting to choose,

then use the default LEVEL 9 setting.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes. The items in this page are for AP's RF

general settings and will be applied to all VAPs.

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3.2.2 Wireless Advanced Setup

To achieve optimal wireless performance, it is necessary to tweak advance setting per requirements properly, not necessary

higher the better or lower.

The administrator can change the RTS threshold and fragmentation threshold settings for the system. Please click on

Wireless -> Advanced Setup and follow the below setting.

„

Slot Time : Slot time is in the range of 1~1489 and set in unit of microsecond. The default value is 20 microsecond.

Slot time is the amount of time a device waits after a collision before retransmitting a packet. Reducing the slot time

decreases the overall back-off, which increases throughput. Back-off, which is a multiple of the slot time, is the random

length of time a station waits before sending a packet on the LAN. For a sender and receiver own right of the channel the

shorter slot time help manage shorter wait time to re-transmit from collision because of hidden wireless clients or other

causes. When collision sources can be removed sooner and other senders attempting to send are listening the

channel(CSMA/CA) the owner of the channel should continue ownership and finish their transmission and release the

channel. Then, following ownership of the channel will be sooner for the new pair due to shorter slot time. However, when

long duration of existing collision sources and shorter slot time exist the owners might experience subsequent collisions.

When adjustment to longer slot time can’t improve performance then RTS/CTS could supplement and help improve

performance.

„

ACK Timeout : ACK timeout is in the range of 1~372 and set in unit of microsecond. The default value is 48

microsecond.

All data transmission in 802.11b/g request an “Acknowledgement” (ACK) send by receiving radio. The transmitter will

resend the original packet if correspondent ACK failed to arrive within specific time interval, also refer to as “ACK

Timeout”.

ACK Timeout is adjustable due to the fact that distance between two radio links may vary in different deployment. ACK

Timeout makes significant influence in performance of long distance radio link. If ACK Timeout is set too short, transmitter

will start to “Resend” packet before ACK is received, and throughputs become low due to excessively high re-

transmission.

ACK Timeout is best determined by distance between the radios, data rate of average environment. The Timeout value is

calculated based on round-trip time of packet with a little tolerance, So, if experiencing re-transmissions or poor

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performance the ACK Timeout could be made longer to accommodate.

RTS/CTS

Adjustment of RTS Threshold can be done to turn on RTS. CTS Timeout will take effect only when RTS is turned on.

Unlike wired Ethernet, radio transmission may begin with a RTS (Request to Send) frame, and receiver responds with a CTS

(Clear to Send) frame. The RTS/CTS mechanism is called Channel Cleaning, all stations that received CTS will back off for

certain period of time, multiple of the slot time.

Each CTS packet has a NAV (Network Allocation Vector) number n, the channel is reserved for sender and receiver for

additional n-millisecond. The NAV guarantees the channel is free of interference in next n-millisecond. The last packet of ACK

will set NAV to zero, indicated that connection is done and free the channel to others.

„

CTS Timeout : CTS Timeout is in the range of 1~744 and set in unit of microsecond. The default value is 48

microsecond.

CTS Timeout will take effect only when RTS is turned on. Adjustment of RTS Threshold can be done to turn on RTS.

When hidden wireless stations are present in the wireless network RTS can be considered to turn on to minimize

collisions and increase performance. Ensure CTS timeout is long enough to avoid frequent re-transmission of RTS.

Slot Time and ACK/CTS Timeout settings for long distance links. It is important to tweak settings to achieve the

optimal result based on requirement.

„

RSSI Threshold : RSSI Threshold is in the range of -128~127.The default value is 24.

RSSI is defined as Received Signal Strength Indication, when the received signal strength from peer is below this

threshold, the peer will be consider as disconnected. Set the threshold higher will make roaming happen earlier, set lower

will allow weak signal peer to connect. In normal situation, the longer distance the lower signal strength will be sensed

between peers people could consider to lower RSSI threshold to have bigger coverage from the AP or AP client

perspective. If it doesn’t work well then people could consider to jack up RSSI threshold to have stable smaller coverage

and leave AP clients in longer distance to associate with closer AP.

„

Beacon Interval : Beacon Interval is in the range of 1~5000 and set in unit of millisecond. The default value is 100

msec.

Access Point (AP) in IEEE 802.11 will send out a special approximated 50-byte frame, called “Beacon”. Beacon is

broadcast to all the stations, provides the basic information of AP such as SSID, channel, encryption keys, signal

strength, time stamp, support data rate.

All the radio stations received beacon recognizes the existence of such AP, and may proceed next actions if the

information from AP matches the requirement. Beacon is sent on a periodic basis, the time interval can be adjusted.

By increasing the beacon interval, you can reduce the number of beacons and associated overhead, but that will likely

delay the association and roaming process because stations scanning for available access points may miss the beacons.

You can decrease the beacon interval, which increases the rate of beacons. This will make the association and roaming

process very responsive; however, the network will incur additional overhead and throughput will go down.

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„

DTIM Interval : The DTIM interval is in the range of 1~15. The default is 15.

DTIM is defined as Delivery Traffic Indication Message. It is used to notify the wireless stations, which support power

saving mode, when to wake up to receive multicast frame. DTIM is necessary and critical in wireless environment as a

mechanism to fulfill power-saving synchronization.

A DTIM interval is a count of the number of beacon frames that must occur before the access point sends the buffered

multicast frames. For instance, if DTIM Interval is set to 3, then the Wi-Fi clients will expect to receive a multicast frame

after receiving three Beacon frame. The higher DTIM interval will help power saving and possibly decrease wireless

throughput in multicast applications.

Fragment Threshold : The Fragment Threshold is in the range of 256~2346 byte. The default is 2346 byte.

Each Wi-Fi packet can be divided into smaller packets, marked with a sequential fragment number and re-assemble in

the receiving ends. The purpose is to make a short frame, instead of long frame, transmitting by radio in a heavy noisy

environment. Because of sending smaller frames, corruptions are much less likely to occur. The pros is obvious, the cons

is the overhead for transmission. So, in a clean environment, higher fragment threshold can be an option to increase

throughput.

Fragmentation will be triggered by setting the Fragment Threshold, usually in Byte-length. Only when the frame size is

over the Threshold, fragmentation will take place automatically.

RTS Threshold : RTS Threshold is in the range of 1~2346 byte. The default is 2346 byte.

The main purpose of enabling RTS by changing RTS threshold is to reduce possible collisions due to hidden wireless

clients. RTS in AP will be enabled automatically if the packet size is larger than the Threshold value. By default, RTS is

disabled in a normal environment supports non-jumbo frames.

„

Short Preamble : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to use Long 128-bit Preamble Synchronization field.

The preamble is used to signal "here is a train of data coming" to the receiver. The short preamble provides 72-bit

Synchronization field to improve WLAN transmission efficiency with less overhead.

Tx Burst : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to deactivate Tx Burst.

With TX burst enabled, AP will send many packets in a burst, without collision detection and RTS/CTS for each packet.

TX Burst have better throughput but cause interference with other APs in channel.

802.11g Protection Mode : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to deactivate 802.11g Protection Mode.

Protection mode use RTS/CTS to prevent interference with other APs and 802.11b peers, and disabling it will save

transmission time used by RTS/CTS. RTS/CTS threshold is effective only when 802.11g protection mode is made

enable.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes. The items in this page are for AP's RF

advanced settings and will be applied to all VAPs.

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3.2.3 Create Virtual AP(VAP)

The APO1000/APO1010 support broadcasting multiple SSIDs, allowing the creation of Virtual Access Points, partitioning a

single physical access point into 8 logical access points, each of which can have a different set of security, VLAN tag(ID) and

network settings. Figure 3-2 shows multiple SSIDs with different security type and VLAN settings.

APO1000/APO1010

Figure 3-2 Multiple SSIDs with different Security Type and VLAN Tag

3.2.3.1 Virtual AP Overview

The administrator can view all of the Virtual AP's settings via this page.

Please click on Wireless -> Virtual AP Setup and the Virtual AP Overview Page appears.

„

VAP : Indicate the system's available Virtual AP

ESSID : Indicate the ESSID of the respective Virtual AP

Status : Indicate the Status of the respective Virtual AP. The VAP0 always On

Security Type : Indicate an used security type of the respective Virtual AP

MAC Filter : Indicate an used MAC filter of the respective Virtual AP

MAC Filter Setup : Click “Setup” button to configure Virtual AP's MAC filter.

VAP Edit : Click “Edit” button to configure Virtual AP's settings, including security type.

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3.2.3.2 Virtual AP Setup

For each Virtual AP, administrators can configure SSID, VLAN ID(Tag), SSID broadcasting, Maximum number of client

associations, security type settings.

Click Edit button on the VAP Edit column, and then a Virtual AP setup page appears.

„

ESSID : Extended Service Set ID, When clients are browsing for available wireless networks, this is the SSID that will

appear in the list. ESSID will determine the service type available to AP clients associated with the specified VAP.

Enable VAP : By default, it’s “Disable” for VAP1 ~ VAP7. The VAP0 always enabled.

Select “Enable” to activate VAP or click “Disable” to deactivate this function

Hidden SSID : By default, it’s “Disable”.

„

Enable this option to stop the SSID broadcast in your network. When disabled, people could easily obtain the SSID

information with the site survey software and get access to the network if security is not turned on. When enabled,

network security is enhanced. It’s suggested to enable it after AP security settings are archived and setting of AP clients

could make to associate to it.

„

Client Isolation : By default, it’s “Disable”.

Select “Enable”, all clients will be isolated from each other, which means they can’t reach each other.

WMM : By default, it’s “Disable”.

Select “Enable”, then packets with WMM QoS will take higher priority.

WMM prioritizes traffic according to four Access Categories (AC) - voice, video, best effort, and background. However, it

does not provide guaranteed throughput. Packets with QoS header including Diffserv/IP ToS and 802.1p will be mapped

into 4 Access Categories of WMM, packets without QoS header will be assigned to the Best Effort queue. Please refer to

the table below for mapping from 802.1p and ToS mapping to WMM:

Data Transmitted

Clients to AP

802.1P

Queue

Priority

Description

ToS Priority

High throughput. Bulk data that requires maximum

throughput and is not time-sensitive is sent to this queue

(FTP data, for example).

0x08

1, 2

AC_BK

Background.

Low

0x20

Medium throughput and delay. Most traditional IP data is

sent to this queue

AC_BE

AC_VI

Best Effort

Video

0, 3

Medium

High

0x28

4, 5

Minimum delay. Time-sensitive video data is automatically

sent to this queue

0xa0

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0x30

0xe0

0x88

0xb8

Time-sensitive data like VoIP and streaming media are

automatically sent to this queue

AC_VO

Voice

6, 7

High

„

IAPP Support : By default, it’s “Disable”.

Inter Access-Point Protocol is designed to enforce unique association throughout an ESS(Extended Service Set) and to

enforce secure exchange of station's security context between current access point (AP) and new AP during hand off

period.

IAPP supported only for WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK, WPA-Enterprise/WPA2-Enterprise and 802.1X security type.

„

Maximum Clients : The default value is 32. You can enter the number of wireless clients that can associate to a

particular SSID. When the number of client is set to 5, only 5 clients at most are allowed to connect to this VAP.

VLAN ID(Tag) : By default, it’s selected “Disable”.

This system supports tagged Virtual LAN(VLAN). A valid number of 0 to 4094 can be entered after it’s enabled. If your

network utilize VLANs you could tie a VLAN ID to a specific SSID, and packets from/to wireless clients belonging to that

SSID will be tagged with that VLAN ID. This enables security of wireless applications by applying VLAN ID.

„

Security Type : Select the desired security type from the drop-down list; the options are Disable, WEP, WPA-PSK,

WPA2-PSK, WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Enterprise and WEP 802.1X.

Disable : Data are unencrypted during transmission when this option is selected.

WEP : Wired Equivalent Privacy(WEP) is a data encryption mechanism based on a 64-bit, 128-bit or 152-bit shared

key.

Key Length : The available options are 64 bits, 128 bits or 152 bits.

WEP auth Method : Enable the desired option among Open system and Shared.

Key Index : key index is used to designate the WEP key during data transmission. 4 different WEP keys can be

entered at the same time, but only one is chosen.

WEP Key # : Enter HEX or ASCII format WEP key value; the system supports up to 4 sets of WEP keys.

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Key Length

64-bit

Hex

ASCII

10 characters

26 characters

32 characters

5 characters

13 characters

16 characters

128-bit

152-bit

WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK : WPA or WPA2 Algorithms enable the system to access the network by using the WPA-PSK

protected access.

Cipher Suite : By default, it is TKIP. Select either AES or TKIP cipher suites

Group Key Update Period : By default, it is 600 seconds. This time interval for rekeying GTK,

broadcast/multicast encryption keys, in seconds. Entering the time-length is required.

Master Key Update Period : By default, it is 83400 seconds. This time interval for rekeying GMK, master key to

generate GTKs, in seconds. Enter the time-length required.

Key Type : Select either ASCII or HEX format for the Pre-shared Key.

Pre-shared Key : Enter the pre-shared key; the format shall go with the selected key type.

Pre-shared key can be entered with either a 256-bit secret in 64 HEX digits format, or 8 to 63 ASCII characters.

WPA-Enterprise/WPA2-Enterprise: The RADIUS authentication and encryption will apply if either one is selected.

WPA General Settings :

•

Cipher Suite : By default, it is TKIP. Select either AES or TKIP cipher suites

Group Key Update Period : By default, it’s 600 seconds. This time interval for rekeying GTK,

broadcast/multicast encryption keys, in seconds. Entering the time-length is required.

•

Master Key Update Period : By default, it’s 83400 seconds. This time interval for rekeying GMK, master

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key to generate GTKs, in seconds. Enter the time-length required.

•

EAP Reauth Period :; By default, it’s 3600 seconds; 0 second is to disable EAP Re-authentication.

Main and secondary Authentication RADIUS Server Settings :

•

Authentication Server : Enter the IP address of the Authentication RADIUS server.

Port : By default, it’s 1812. The port number used to communicate with RADIUS server.

Shared secret : A secret key used between system and RADIUS server. Supports 1 to 64 characters.

Accounting Server : Enable or Disable accounting features in RADIUS server.

Main or Secondary Accounting RADIUS Server Settings :

•

Accounting Server : Enter the IP address of the Accounting RADIUS server.

Port : By default, it’s 1813. The port number used to communicate with RADIUS server.

Shared Secret : A secret key used between system and Accounting RADIUS server. Supports 1 to 64

characters.

WEP 802.1X : When WEP 802.1x Authentication is enabled, please refer to the following Dynamic WEP and

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RADIUS settings to complete configuration.

Dynamic WEP Settings :

•

P Key length : The available options are 64 bits or 128 bits. The system will automatically generate WEP

encryption keys.

•

WEP Key Update Period : By default, it’s 300 seconds; 0 not to rekey.

EAP Reauth Period : By default, it’s 3600 seconds; 0 second is to disable EAP Re-authentication.

Main and Secondary Authentication RADIUS Server Settings :

•

Authentication Server : Enter the IP address of the Authentication RADIUS server.

Port : By default, it’s 1812. The port number used to communicate with RADIUS server.

Shared secret : A secret key used between system and RADIUS server. Supports 1 to 64 characters.

Accounting Server : Enable or Disable accounting features in RADIUS server.

Main and secondary Accounting RADIUS Server Settings :

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•

Accounting Server : Enter the IP address of the Accounting RADIUS server.

Port : By default, it’s 1813. The port number used to communicate with RADIUS server.

Shared Secret : A secret key used between system and Accounting RADIUS server. Supports 1 to 64

characters.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

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3.2.4 MAC Filter Setup

Continued from the 3.2.3.1 Virtual AP Overview section, Click Setup button on the MAC Filter Setup column, and then a

Virtual AP MAC Filter setup page appears. The administrator can allow or reject clients to access each Virtual AP.

„

MAC Filter Setup : By default, it’s “Disable”. Options are Disabled, Only Deny List MAC or Only Allow List MAC.

Click Save button to save your change.

Two ways to set the MAC filter rules :

Only Allow List MAC.

The wireless clients in the MAC Filter List will be allowed to access to Access Point; All others will be denied.

Only Deny List MAC.

The wireless clients in the MAC Filter List will be denied to access to Access Point; All others will be allowed.

„

MAC Address : Enter MAC address (e.g. aa:bb:cc:00:00:0a) and click “Add” button, then the MAC address should

display in the MAC Filter List.

There are a maximum of 20 clients allowed in this MAC Filter List. The MAC addresses of the wireless clients can be added

and removed to the list using the Add and Delete buttons.

Click Reboot button to activate your changes

MAC Access Control is the weakest security approach. WPA or WPA2 security method is highly recommended.

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3.3 Wireless Network Expansion

The administrator could create WDS Links to expand wireless network. When WDS is enabled, access point functions as a

wireless bridge and is able to communicate with other access points via WDS links. A WDS link is bidirectional and both

side must support WDS. Access points know each other by MAC Address. In other words, each access point needs

to include MAC address of its peer. Ensure all access points are configured with the same channel and own same

security type settings.

Figure 3-3 shows Point to Multiple Points with different VLAN settings

APO1000/APO1010

Figure 3-3 Point to Multiple Points with different VLAN Tag

Please click on Wireless -> WDS Setup and follow the below setting.

Note that VLAN ID in the WDS MAC List setting will only be tagged to egress packets on the wired Ethernet port.

Ensure to match VLAN ID used on the network of the peer. WDS link won’t carry tags at all.

„

WMM : By default, it’s “Disable”.

Select “Enable”, then packets with WMM QoS will take higher priority.

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WMM prioritizes traffic according to four Access Categories (AC) - voice, video, best effort, and background. However, it

does not provide guaranteed throughput. Packets with QoS header including Diffserv/IP ToS and 802.1p will be mapped

into 4 Access Categories of WMM, packets without QoS header will be assigned to the Best Effort queue. Please refer to

the table below for mapping from 802.1p and ToS mapping to WMM:

Data Transmitted

Clients to AP

802.1P

Queue

Priority

Description

ToS Priority

High throughput. Bulk data that requires maximum

throughput and is not time-sensitive is sent to this queue

(FTP data, for example).

0x08

1, 2

AC_BK

Background.

Low

0x20

Medium throughput and delay. Most traditional IP data is

sent to this queue

AC_BE

AC_VI

Best Effort

Video

0, 3

Medium

High

0x28

4, 5

Minimum delay. Time-sensitive video data is automatically

sent to this queue

0xa0

0x30

0xe0

0x88

Time-sensitive data like VoIP and streaming media are

automatically sent to this queue

AC_VO

Voice

6, 7

High

0xb8

„

Security Type : Option is “Disabled”, “WEP” or “AES” from drop-down list. Needs the same type to build WDS links.

Security type takes effect when WDS is enabled.

WEP Key : Enter HEX or ASCII WEP key at different length as shown below. This system supports up to 4 sets of

WEP keys.

Key Length : The available options are 64 bits, 128 bits or 152 bits.

WEP auth Method : Enable the desired option among Open system and Shared.

Key Index : key index is used to designate the WEP key during data transmission. 4 different WEP keys can be

entered at the same time, but only one is chosen.

WEP Key # : Enter HEX or ASCII format WEP key value; the system supports up to 4 sets of WEP keys.

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Key Length

Hex

ASCII

64-bit

10 characters

26 characters

32 characters

5 characters

13 characters

16 characters

128-bit

152-bit

Î AES Key : Enter 32 HEX characters AES key.

„

WDS MAC List

Enable : Click Enable to create WDS link.

WDS Peer's MAC Address : Enter the MAC address of WDS peer.

VLAN ID : By default, it’s disabled(space) with no VLAN ID. When desired, this system supports tagged VLAN from

0 to 4094.

Description : Description of WDS link.

The WDS link needs to be set at same Channel and with same Security Type.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

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3.4 System Management

3.4.1 Configure Management

Administrator could specify geographical location of the system via instructions in this page. Administrator could also enter

new Root and Admin passwords and allow multiple login methods.

Please click System -> Management and follow the below settings.

„

System Information

System Name : Enter a desired name or use the default one.

Description : Provide description of the system.

Location : Enter geographical location information of the system. It helps administrator to locate the system easier.

The system supports two management accounts, root and admin. The network manager is assigned with full administrative

privileges, when logging in as root user, to manage the system in all aspects. While logging in as an admin user, only subset

of privileges is granted such as basic maintenance. For example, root user can change passwords for both root and admin

account, and admin user can only manage its own. For more information about covered privileges for these two accounts,

please refer to Appendix C. Network manager Privileges.

„

Root Password : Log in as a root user and is allowed to change its own, plus admin user’s password.

New Password : Enter a new password if desired

Check New Password : Enter the same new password again to check.

„

Admin Password : Log in as a admin user and is allowed to change its own,

New Password : Enter a new password if desired

Check New Password : Enter the same new password again to check.

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„

Admin Login Methods : Only root user can enable or disable system login methods and change services port.

Enable HTTP : Check to select HTTP Service.

HTTP Port : The default is 80 and the range is between 1 ~ 65535.

Enable Telnet : Check to select Telnet Service

Telnet Port : The default is 23 and the range is between 1 ~ 65535.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

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3.4.2 Configure System Time

System time can be configured via this page, and manual setting or via a NTP server is supported.

Please click on System -> Time Server and follow the below setting.

„

Local Time : Display the current system time.

NTP Client : To synchronize the system time with NTP server.

Enable : Check to select NTP client.

Default NTP Server : Select the NTP Server from the drop-down list.

Time Zone : Select a desired time zone from the drop-down list.

Daylight saving time : Enable or disable Daylight saving.

If the system time from NTS server seems incorrect, please verify your network settings, like default Gateway

and DNS settings

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

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3.4.3 Configure UPnP

Universal Plug and Play(UPnP) is an architecture to enable pervasive peer-to-peer network connectivity between PCs,

intelligent devices and appliances when UPnP is supported. UPnP works on TCP/IP network to enable UPnP devices to

connect and access to each other, very well adopted in home networking environment.

„

UPnP : By default, it’s “Disable”. Select “Enable” or “Disable” of UPnP Service.

Click Save button to save changes and click Reboot button to activate changes

For UPnP to work in Windows XP, the “APO1000” or “APO1010”must be available in “My Network Places”.

If these devices are not available, you should verify that the correct components and services are loaded in Windows XP.

Please refer to Appendix D. Using UPnP on Windows XP

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3.4.4 Configure SNMP Setup

SNMP is an application-layer protocol that provides a message format for communication between SNMP manager and

agent. By enabling SNMP function, the administrator can obtain the system information remotely.

Please click on System -> SNMP Setup and follow the below setting.

„

SNMP v2c Enable: Check to enable SNMP v2c.

ro community : Set a community string to authorize read-only access.

rw community : Set a community string to authorize read/write access.

„

SNMP v3 Enable: Check to enable SNMP v3.

SNMPv3 supports the highest level SNMP security.

SNMP ro user : Set a community string to authorize read-only access.

SNMP ro password : Set a password to authorize read-only access.

SNMP rw user : Set a community string to authorize read/write access.

SNMP rw password : Set a password to authorize read/write access.

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„

SNMP Trap : Events such as cold start, interface up & down, and association & disassociation will report to an assigned

server.

Community : Set a community string required by the remote host computer that will receive trap messages or

notices send by the system.

IP : Enter the IP addresses of the remote hosts to receive trap messages.

Click Save button to save changes and click Reboot button to activate.

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3.4.5 Backup / Restore and Reset to Factory

Backup current configuration, restore prior configuration or reset back to factory default configuration can be executed via this

page.

Please click on Utilities -> Profile Setting and follow the below setting.

„

Save Settings To PC : Click Save button to save the current configuration to a local disk.

„

Load Settings from PC : Click Browse button to locate a configuration file to restore, and then click Upload button to

upload.

Reset To Factory Default : Click Default button to reset back to the factory default settings and expect Successful

loading message. Then, click Reboot button to activate.

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3.4.6 Firmware Upgrade

Firmware is the main software image that system needs to respond to requests and to manage real time operations.

Firmware upgrades are sometimes required to include new features or bugs fix. It takes around 8 minutes to upgrade due to

complexity of firmware. To upgrade system firmware, click Browse button to locate the new firmware, and then click Upgrade

button to upgrade.

1. To prevent data loss during firmware upgrade, please back up current settings before proceeding

2. Do not interrupt during firmware upgrade including power on/off as this may damage system.

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3.4.7 Network Utility

The administrator can diagnose network connectivity via the PING utility.

Please click on Utilities -> Network Utility and follow the below setting.

„

Ping : This utility will help ping other devices on the network to verify connectivity. Ping utility, using ICMP packets,

detects connectivity and latency between two network nodes. As result of that, packet loss and latency time are available

in the Result field while running the PING test.

Destination IP/Domain : Enter desired domain name, i.e. www.google.com, or IP address of the destination, and

click ping button to proceed. The ping result will be shown in the Result field.

Count : By default, it’s 5 and the range is from 1 to 50. It indicates number of connectivity test.

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3.4.8 Reboot

This function allows user to restart system with existing or most current settings when changes are made. Click Reboot

button to proceed and take around three minutes to complete.

A reminder will be available for remaining time to complete. If power cycle is necessary, please wait till completion of the

reboot process.

The System Overview page appears upon the completion of reboot.

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3.5 System Status

This section breaks down into subsections of System Overview, Associated Clients Status, WDS Link Status, Extra

Information and Event Log.

3.5.1 System Overview

Display detailed information of System, Network, LAN and Wireless in the System Overview page.

„

System : Display information of the system.

System Name : The name of the system.

Operating Mode : The mode currently in service.

Location : Deployed geographical location.

Description : A description of the system.

Firmware Version : The current installed firmware version.

Firmware Date : The build time of installed firmware.

Device Time : The current time of the system.

System Up Time : The time period that system has been in service since last reboot.

„

Network Information : Display information of the Network.

Mode : Supports Static or Dynamic modes on the LAN interface.

IP Address : The management IP of system. By default, it’s 192.168.10.100.

IP Netmask : The network mask. By default, it’s 255.255.255.0.

IP Gateway : The gateway IP address and by default, it’s 192.168.10.1.

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Primary DNS : The primary DNS server in service.

Secondary DNS : The secondary DNS server in service.

„

LAN Information : Display total received and transmitted statistics on the LAN interface.

MAC Address : The MAC address of the LAN port.

Receive bytes : The total received packets in bytes on the LAN port.

Receive packets : The total received packets of the LAN port.

Transmit bytes : The total transmitted packets in bytes of the LAN port.

Transmit packets : The total transmitted packets of the LAN port.

„

Wireless VAP Information : Display total received and transmitted statistics on available Virtual AP.

MAC Address : The MAC address of the Wireless port. Different MAC address on each Virtual AP

Receive bytes :The total received packets in bytes on the Wireless port.

Receive packets : The total received packets on the Wireless port.

Transmit bytes : The total transmitted packets in bytes on the Wireless port.

Transmit packets : The total transmitted packets on the Wireless port.

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3.5.2 Associated Clients Status

It displays ESSID, on/off Status, Security Type, total number of wireless clients associated with all Virtual AP.

„

VAP Information : Highlights key VAP information.

VAP : Available VAP from VAP0 to VAP7.

ESSID : Display name of ESSID for each VAP.

Status : On/Off

Security Type : Display chosen security type; WEP, WPA/WPA2-PSK, WPA/WPA2-Enterprise.

Clients : Display total number of wireless connections for each VAP.

„

VAP Clients : Display all associated clients on each Virtual AP.

MAC Address : MAC address of associated clients.

RSSI : RSSI of from associated clients..

Last TX Time : Last inactive time period in seconds for a wireless connection.

Disconnect : Click “Delete” button to manually disconnect a wireless client in a Virtual AP.

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3.5.3 WDS Link Status

On/Off Status, peers MAC Address, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Last TX Time for each WDS are available.

„

WDS : Maximum supported WDS links.

Status : On/Off.

MAC Address : Display MAC address of WDS peer.

RSSI : Indicate the RSSI of WDS links.

Last TX Time : Last inactive time period in seconds on WDS links.

If display “0” RSSI, you need to check WDS configuration. Things to verify are MAC Address, Channel and

Security type. Also, adjust antenna angle and Tx Power. If display unexpected RSSI, In a long distance

application, you might need to adjust Slot time, ACK/CTS timeout, and/or RTS threshold.

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3.5.4 Extra Information

Users could pull out information such as Route table, ARP table, MAC table, Bridge table or STP available in the drop-down

list from system. The “Refresh” button is used to retrieve latest table information.

„

Route table information : Select “Route table information” on the drop-down list to display route table.

APO1000/APO1010 could be used as a L2 or L3 device. It doesn’t support dynamic routing protocols such as RIP or

OSPF. Static routes to specific hosts, networks or default gateway are set up automatically according to the IP

configuration of system's interfaces. When used as a L2 device, it could switch packets and, as L3 device, it’s capable of

being a gateway to route packets inward and outward.

„

ARP table Information : Select “ARP Table Information” on the drop-down list to display ARP table.

ARP associates each IP address to a unique hardware address (MAC) of a device. It is important to have a unique IP

address as final destination to switch packets to.

„

Bridge table information : Select “Bridge Table information” on the drop-down list to display bridge table.

Bridge table will show Bridge ID and STP's Status on the each Ethernet bridge and its attached interfaces, the Bridge

Port should be attached to some interfaces (e.g. eth0, ath0~ath7 and ath0.wds0~ath0.wds7).

„

Bridge MAC information : Select “Bridge MACs Information” on the drop-down list to display MAC table.

This table displays local MAC addresses associated with wired or wireless interfaces, but also remember non-local MAC

addresses learned from wired or wireless interfaces.

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Ageing timers will be reset when existing MAC addresses in table are learned again or added when new MAC addresses

are seen from wired or wireless interfaces as well. When time runs out for a particular entry, it will be pruned from the

table. In that situation, switching packet to that particular MAC address will be dropped.

„

Bridge STP Information : Select “Bridge STP Information” on the drop-down list to display a list of bridge STP

information.

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3.5.5 Event Log

The Event log displays system events when system is up and running. Also, it becomes very useful as a troubleshooting tool

when issues are experienced in system.

„

Time: The date and time when the event occurred.

Facility: It helps users to identify source of events such “System” or “User”

Severity: Severity level that a specific event is associated such as “info”, “error”, “warning”, etc.

Message: Description of the event.

Click Refresh button to renew the log, or click Clear button to clear all the record.

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Chapter 4. WDS Mode Configuration

Please refer to illustrations of the section 1.3 for possible applications in the WDS mode. This section provides detailed

explanation for users to configure in the WDS mode with help of illustrations. In the WDS mode, functions listed in the table

below are also available from the Web-based GUI interface.

Option

System

Wireless

Utilities

Status

Operating Mode

General Settings

Management

System Overview

LAN

Advanced Settings

WDS Setup

Profiles Settings

WDS Status

Extra Info

Functions

Time Server

Firmware Upgrade

SNMP

UPnP

Network Utility

Reboot

Event Log

Table 4-1: WDS Mode Functions

4.1 External Network Connection

4.1.1 Network Requirement

You could expand your Ethernet network via WDS link. In this mode, the APO1000/APO1010 connects directly to a wired

LAN, and wirelessly bridges to a remote access point via a WDS link as shown in Figure 4-1. In the mode, it can’t associate

with any wireless clients.

APO1000/APO1010

4-1 Point to Point Configuration

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4.1.2 Configure LAN IP

Here are the instructions for how to setup the local IP Address and Netmask.

Please click on System -> LAN and follow the below setting.

Mode : Check either “Static IP” or “Dynamic IP” button as desired to set up the system IP of LAN port .

Static IP : The administrator can manually setup the LAN IP address when static IP is available/ preferred.

IP Address : The IP address of the LAN port; default IP address is 192.168.10.100

IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the LAN port; default Netmask is 255.255.255.0

IP Gateway : The default gateway of the LAN port; default Gateway is 192.168.10.1

Dynamic IP : This configuration type is applicable when the APO1000/APO1010 is connected to a network with the

presence of a DHCP server; all related IP information will be provided by the DHCP server automatically.

Hostname : The Hostname of the LAN port

„

DNS : Check either “No Default DNS Server” or “Specify DNS Server IP” button as desired to set up the system DNS.

Primary : The IP address of the primary DNS server.

Secondary : The IP address of the secondary DNS server.

802.1d Spanning Tree

The spanning tree network protocol provides a loop free topology for a bridged LAN between LAN interface and 8 WDS

interfaces from wds0 to wds7. The Spanning Tree Protocol, which is also referred to as STP, is defined in the IEEE

Standard 802.1d.

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APO1000/APO1010

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

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4.2 Wireless Network Expansion

The network manager can configure related wireless settings, General Settings, Advanced Settings, Virtual AP Setting

and Security Settings.

4.2.1 Wireless General Setup

The administrator can change the data transmission, channel and output power settings for the system. Please click on

Wireless -> General Setup and follow the below setting.

„

MAC address : The MAC address of the Wireless interface is displayed here.

„

Band Mode : Select an appropriate wireless band; bands available are 801.11b, 802.11g and 802.11b+802.11g.

Transmit Rate Control : Select the desired rate from the drop-down list; the options are auto or ranging from 1 to

54Mbps for 802.11g and 802.11b/g modes, or 1 to 11Mbps for 802.11b mode.

„

Country : Select the desired Country code from the drop-down list; the options are US, ETSI or Japan.

Channel : The channel range will be changed by selecting different country code. The channel range from 1 to 11 for US

country code, or 1 to 13 for ETSI country code, or 1 to 14 for JP country code.

The Channel 14 for Japan only used on IEEE802.11b only

„

Tx Power : You can adjust the output power of the system to get the appropriate coverage for your wireless network.

Select the LEVEL 1 to LEVEL 9 you needed for your environment. If you are not sure of which setting to choose, then

keep the default setting, LEVEL 9.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes. The items in this page are for AP's RF

general settings and will be applied to all WDS links.

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4.2.2 Wireless Advanced Setup