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ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module
Installation and User's Guide
Document Number: 17-00616-3
Printed March 1996
Model Number: 6416SW
3Com Corporation
118 Turnpike Road
Southborough, MA 01772-1886
U.S.A.
(508) 460-8900
FAX: (508) 460-8950
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This is to certify that the (6416SW) is shielded against radio interference in
accordance with the provisions of Vfg 243/1991.
The German Postal Services have been advised that this equipment is
being placed on the market and that they have been given the right to
inspect the series for compliance with regulations.
Compliance with applicable regulations depends on the use of shielded
cables. The user is reponsible for procuring the appropriate cables.
VCCI Class 1 Compliance
This equipment is in the 1st Class category (information equipment to be
used in commercial and/or industrial areas) and conforms to the standards
set by the Voluntary Control Council For Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio
interference in commercial and/or industrial areas.
Consequently, when used in a residential area or in an adjacent area
thereto, radio interference may be caused to radio and TV receivers, etc.
Read the instructions for correct handling.
iii
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Fiber Cable Classification
Use this equipment only with fiber cable classified by Underwriters
Laboratories as to fire and smoke characteristics in accordance with
section 770-2(b) and Section 725-2(b) of the National Electrical Code.
UK General Approval Statement
The ONline System Concentrator and the ONcore Switching Hub are
manufactured to the International Safety Standard EN 60950 and as such
are approved in the UK under the General Approval number
NS/G/12345/J/100003 for indirect connection to the public
telecommunication network.
Disclaimer
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by 3Com Corporation. 3Com
Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in
this document.
Copyright Statement
1995, 1996 by 3Com Corporation. All rights reserved. The information
contained herein is the exclusive and confidential property of 3Com
Corporation. No part of this manual may be disclosed or reproduced in
whole or in part without permission from 3Com Corporation.
Trademarks
Because of the nature of this material, numerous hardware and software
products are mentioned by name. In most, if not all cases, these product
names are claimed as trademarks by the companies that manufacture the
products. It is not our intent to claim these names or trademarks as our
own.
ONdemand and TriChannel are trademarks, and 3Com, CELLplex, and
ONcore registered trademarks, of 3Com Corporation.
iv ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module: Installation and User's Guide
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The following terms are trademarks or service marks of the IBM
Corporation in the United States or other countries: AIX, AIXwindows, IBM,
NetView for AIX, Nways and RISC System 6000.
XNS is a trademark and Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox
Corporation.
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vi ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module: Installation and User's Guide
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Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction to ATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
3Com ONcore ATM Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
ATM Backplane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
ATM Switch/Control Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
ATM Subsystem Traffic Management
ATM Subsystem Chassis Management
Benefits of Using ATM in the ONcore Hub
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
LAN Emulation Client (LEC)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Chapter 2. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Before You Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Unpacking the Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Installing the 6416SW Module
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Verifying Normal 6416SW Operation
Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Meaning of the LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
ATM Reset Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
RS-232 Console Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
RS-232 Auxiliary Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Chapter 3. ATM Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
ATM Campus Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Network Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Network Interfaces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Defining the ATM Address of the 6416SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Setting-Up ATM Trunk Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Using Static Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Trunks Within a Single Cluster/Subnetwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Trunks Between Subnetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Example: Configuring a Connection Between User Devices
. . . 3-11
Using Permanent Virtual Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Chapter 4. Setting-Up and Using a Configuration Console . . . . 4-1
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Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Before You Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Entering 6416SW Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Keyboard Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Command Completion
Setting Up a Configuration Console in Normal (ASCII) Mode
Setting Up a Configuration Console in SLIP Mode
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
. . . . . 4-7
. . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Returning to Normal Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
SLIP Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
TELNET Sessions Via a Remote Switch
Minimum Local Configuration
Logon Procedure
Reconfiguring 6416SW Configuration Console Settings . . . . . . . . 4-15
Saving Reconfigured Configuration Console Settings
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
. . . . . . . 4-15
Automatic Modem Hangup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Chapter 5. Configuring the ATM Switch/Control Module . . . . . . 5-1
Configuration Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Setting 6416SW Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Administrator Password
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
User Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Setting the Internal Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Setting Local 6416SW Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Switch Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Service Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Console Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Console Timeout
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Setting the ATM Address of the 6416SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Connecting ATM media Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Enabling ATM Ports and Interfaces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Disabling an ATM Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Setting Up Trunks (Logical Links)
Static Routes for Other Subnetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Setting SNMP Parameters
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
IP Address and Subnetwork Mask (IP only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
LAN Emulation Client (LE only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
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Default Gateway (IP & LE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
ARP Server (IP only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Community Table (IP & LE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Alerts (IP & LE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Setting the LECS ATM Address
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
. . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Saving Configuration Settings and Logging Off
Working With Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Reverting Configuration Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Displaying Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Modifying Configuration Settings
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
. . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Fault Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Isolating and Reconnecting ATM Media Modules
Chapter 6. Network and Switch Management
. . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Managing the ATM Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
SNMP Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Accessing MIB Files
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Security Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Inband Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Uploading and Downloading Operations
Out-of-band Operations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
Chapter 7. Troubleshooting
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Phase 1: Installation and Power Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Prerequisites for ATM Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Diagnosing Problems from the ATM Media LEDs
Diagnosing Problems from the 6416SW LEDs
. . . . . . . . . . 7-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Diagnosing Problems with the Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Phase 2: Problems During ATM Configuration
Diagnosing Problems Concerning the 6416SW Console . . . . . . 7-11
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Diagnosing Problems with ATM Modules
Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
Phase 3: Problems on ATM Media Ports Without ATM Traffic
. . . 7-19
7-20
Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports Attached to ATM Devices
.
Checking ATM Address Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
Diagnosing Problems in the Hardware Configuration . . . . . . . . 7-23
Phase 4: Problems with Normal ATM Operation
. . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
Contents ix
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ONcore Cannot PING the ARP Servers and Vice-versa . . . . . . 7-25
ONcore Hub Cannot PING an ARP Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
ONcore LEC Cannot PING another Client and Vice-versa
. . . . 7-28
ARP Client Cannot PING the ARP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
Two Devices Using IP Over a PVC Cannot Ping Each Other . . . 7-30
ONcore LEC Cannot Initialize to the LES/BUS . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
Administrative Problems (Netview/SNMP/Telnet) . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
Communication Problems in an IBM LAN Emulation Environment
7-39
Other Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44
ATM Connection Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47
Using 6416SW Trap Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50
Contacting Your 3Com Service Representative
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
Troubleshooting Phase 1 and Phase 2 Problems . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
Troubleshooting Phase 3 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52
Troubleshooting Phase 4 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53
Appendix A. Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
Mechanical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
Appendix B. RS-232 Cable and Modem Requirements . . . . . . . B-1
Attaching a Console, Modem, or Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
RS-232 Cable Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
RS-232 Connector
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
9-Pin/9-Pin Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
9-Pin/25-Pin Cable
Null-Modem Interposer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
Modem Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
Modem Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
Modem Configuration
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
Appendix C. Error and Information Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Q.2931 Error Codes for Clear Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
Maintenance Codes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
IBM LAN Emulation Server Error Codes
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Appendix D. Configuring AIX for Download and Upload
Operations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
Appendix E. ONcore ATM Address Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
Network Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-3
End System Part
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-5
Appendix F. Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1
Online Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-2
E-mail Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-2
World Wide Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-2
Support from Your Network Supplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3
Support from 3Com
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5
Returning Products for Repair
Accessing the 3Com MIB and atswitch.mib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6
3Com Technical Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-1
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Figures
1-1. ATM Backplane in the 17-slot 3Com ONcore Hub
. . . . . . 1-3
1-2. Wiring Star Topology in ATM Backplane (17-slot model) . . . 1-4
2-1. Installing the 6416SW Module in an ONcore Hub . . . . . . . 2-3
2-2. ONcore Module Ejectors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2-3. Attaching a Terminal to the 6416SW RS-232 Console Port . 2-6
2-4. Front Panel of 6416SW Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
3-1. Components of an ATM Campus Network . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3-2. ATM Address Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-3. ATM Logical Links Used to Connect ATM Clusters . . . . . . 3-8
3-4. Using Static Route Mappings to Connect User Devices
Across Subnetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
4-1. Working in Remote 6416SW Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
6-1. Upgrade Operations for ATM Microcode . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
B-1. RS-232 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
B-2. Console Attachment: 9-pin to 9-pin RS-232 Cable
. . . . . . B-3
B-3. Console Attachment: 9-pin to 25-pin RS-232 Cable . . . . . . B-4
B-4. Pin Assignment: RS-232 Interposer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
B-5. Pin Assignment: RS-232 Modem Cable
. . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
B-6. Example: IBM 7855-10 Modem Configuration . . . . . . . . . B-8
E-1. NSAP Address Formats Supported in the ONcore ATM
Subsystem
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-2
Figures xiii
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Tables
1-1. ATM Connections Supported in ONcore Hubs . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1-2. Maximum PING and TELNET Message Lengths . . . . . . 1-15
2-1. Meaning of the 6416SW LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2-2. RS-232 Console Port Pin Assignments (DB9) . . . . . . . . 2-13
2-3. RS-232 Auxiliary Port Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
5-1. 6416SW Configuration Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
7-1. 6416SW Trap Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50
B-1. EIA 232 Connector-Pin Signal Assignments . . . . . . . . . . B-2
C-1. Q.2931 Error Codes for Clear Causes in ONcore-based ATM
Networks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
C-2. Maintenance Codes and Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5
C-3. IBM LAN Emulation Server Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
Tables xv
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How to Use This Guide
This guide presents information on how to install and configure the 3Com
ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module (Model Number 6414SW) in the
3Com ONcore Switching Hub. It describes how to diagnose and solve
problems associated with the operation of the 6416SW module, and
describes some of the principles of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
technology on which the 6416SW module is based.
This guide also describes how to install and configure a management
console for the 6416SW module. The ATM commands that you enter at
the console to manage the ATM subsystem in the ONcore hub are
described in the ONcore Switching Hub, CELLplex 4000 Workgroup Switch,
ATM Command Reference Guide, Document Number: 17-00866.
Who Should Use this Guide
This guide is intended for the following people at your site:
ATM network administrator
ATM network operator
Hardware installer.
How to Use this Guide
This guide contains seven chapters and six appendixes:
Chapter 1, “Introduction to ATM” gives an overview of the main
functions of the 6416SW module.
Chapter 2, “Installation” describes how to install the 6416SW module in
the ONcore hub. It also describes how to connect a console to the
6416SW module in order to perform configuration tasks.
How to Use This Guide xvii
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Chapter 3, “ATM Addressing” describes the components of an ATM
Campus network, guidelines for defining ATM addresses for the 6416SW,
how to set up trunk connections within and between networks, and how to
use Permanent Virtual Connections (PVCs). It also describes how to
connect a console to the 6416SW module in order to perform configuration
tasks.
Chapter 4, “Setting-Up and Using a Configuration Console” describes
how to set up and configure the 6416SW management console, set an
ATM address, and configure facilities for SNMP management and remote
login.
Chapter 5, “Configuring the ATM Switch/Control Module” describes
how to configure the 6416SW module after installing it in the ONcore hub.
Chapter 6, “Network and Switch Management” provides guidelines for
managing and maintaining the ATM Switch/Control.
Chapter 7, “Troubleshooting” describes how to diagnose and solve
problems associated with the installation and operation of the 6416SW
module, 6416SW console, and ATM subsystem in the ONcore hub.
Appendix A, “Technical Specifications” describes the technical
specifications for the 6416SW module.
Appendix B, “RS-232 Cable and Modem Requirements” describes the
RS-232 cable requirements and pin assignments for connecting a console
or modem to the 6416SW module's RS-232 Console port. It also describes
how to configure a modem connection.
Appendix C, “Error and Information Codes” describes the return codes
displayed for the Q.2931 protocol and Maintenance mode.
Appendix D, “Configuring AIX for Download and Upload Operations”
describes how to configure a server running AIX* for TFTP file transfers
with ATM ONcore hubs.
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Appendix E, “ONcore ATM Address Formats” describes the ATM
addressing formats.
Appendix F, “Technical Support” describes the support services
provided by 3Com Corporation.
How to Use This Guide xix
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Prerequisite Knowledge
To understand the information presented in this guide you should be
familiar with:
Features and characteristics of the 3Com ONcore Switching hub, as
described in 3Com ONcore Switching Hub Installation and Operation
Guide, 17-00362.
Principles of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology
ATM Forum UNI Specifications V3.0 and V3.1.
ATM Forum LAN Emulation Specifications V1.0.
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Conventions Used in This Guide
The following text conventions are used in this guide:
Text
Meaning
Example
Convention
Bold
Text emphasis
Selective backpressure temporarily
stops one virtual connection.
Global backpressure temporarily
stops an ATM link.
Italics
Special term
This is known as a hot swap.
Document titles
Refer to the ATM User-Network
Interface Specification - Version 3.0
for more information.
Monospace
Command syntax SET PORT slot.port ENABLE
(parameters and
variables)
User input
To display detailed information,
enter the following command:
(including
carriage return)
show port 4.2 verbose [ENTER]
System
Port display for ONcore ATM 155
messages and
screen displays
Mbps Module:
Port Type Mode
Status
---------------------------------------------
4. 2 NNI enabled UP-OKAY
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Related Documents
This section provides information on supporting documentation, including:
3Com Documents
Reference Documents
3Com Documents
The following documents provide additional information on 3Com products:
ONcore Switching Hub Installation and Operation Guide 17-00362 -
provides information on the installation, operation, and configuration of the
ONcore Switching Hub. This guide also describes the principal features of
the ONcore Fault-Tolerant Controller Module.
ONcore Distributed Management Module User's Guide 17-00370 - provides
information on the ONcore Distributed Management Module's operation,
installation, and configuration. This guide also describes the software
commands associated with the Distributed Management Module.
Distributed Management Module Commands Guide 17-00372 - describes
each management command by providing detailed information on the
command's format, use, and description.
ONcore Switching Hub/Cellplex 4000 Workgroup Switch ATM Command
Reference Guide 17-00866 - describes each ATM command by providing
detailed information on the command's format, use, and description.
For a complete list of 3Com documents, contact your 3Com representative.
xxii ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module: Installation and User's Guide
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Reference Documents
The following documents supply related background information:
Case, J., Fedor, M., Scoffstall, M., and J. Davin, The Simple Network
Management Protocol, RFC 1157, University of Tennessee at Knoxville,
Performance Systems International and the MIT Laboratory for Computer
Science, May 1990.
Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, Structure and Identification of Management
Information for TCP/IP-based internets, RFC 1155, Performance Systems
International and Hughes LAN Systems, May 1990.
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Service and Support
3Com Corporation is committed to providing our customers with a full range
of support services to provide maximum network uptime.
This section describes:
Warranty Information
Software Subscription Service
Support
Warranty Information
3Com products are covered under a limited factory warranty. This
warrranty covers defects in the hardware, software, or firmware. Hardware
and firmware is covered for one year and software is covered for 45 days.
Software Subscription Service
Software Subscription Service (SSS) is available from 3Com Corporation at
additional cost. SSS provides you with all software upgrades for a one
year period for that product. For example, if you purchase version 1.0 of a
product and you purchase SSS at that time, you will be entitled to all
software releases for that product for one year. This includes all major
releases and all minor releases.
To order SSS, call 3Com Corporation in the U.S. at 800-228-6840 or
508-490-5858 and ask for the SSS Coordinator. You can also send a FAX
to the SSS coordinator at 508-460-6195. When signing up for SSS, be
prepared to provide the following information:
Ship to address
Bill to address
Product serial numbers
Current software version
Original purchase order
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Note: You can buy SSS for less that a full year period so that all
software products have the same renewal date for your convenience.
Support
3Com Corporation supports product-related questions through the
Customer Support Organization (CSO). CSO is available Monday through
Friday from 8:30 am to 8:00 pm, Eastern Time. Technical Support
Engineers are available to help diagnose and solve customer problems.
Ensure that you have your product serial number and software revision
level (if applicable) when you call CSO.
If you have a critical problem with your 3Com product and need to return it,
call the Customer Support Organization for a Return Authorization Number
at 800-228-6840 or 508-490-5858.
3Com User Group
The 3Com User Group is a network of global users working with 3Com
toward the common goal of achieving world-class networking solutions.
To join the 3Com User Group or to receive user group information, call one
of the following:
Your local 3Com office
(800) 228-9930
(508) 460-8900 extension 3322
3Com Technical Publications
If you have comments or questions on 3Com Technical Publications
documents, please complete the reader comment form at the back of this
manual or contact the Technical Publications group at one of the following:
By fax: (508) 229-1551
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Chapter 1. Introduction to
ATM
This chapter presents an overview of the main principles and modes of operation of
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology on which the 3Com ONcore ATM
Switch/Control (6416SW) module is based. It also describes how ATM is implemented
in the 3Com ONcore Switching Hub and shows how an ONcore-based ATM campus
network can be built by interconnecting ATM subsystems.
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3Com ONcore ATM Subsystem
By interconnecting 3Com ONcore Switching hubs, you can build a private campus
network that uses ATM to provide:
The backbone structure, with possible extensions to the WAN
New LAN capability for attaching workstations and servers with dedicated bandwidth
and isochronous transmission.
ATM is implemented in the ONcore hub to permit existing LANs (such as Token-Ring)
to coexist with the new ATM technology.
In the 3Com ONcore hub, the ATM subsystem consists of the following components:
An ATM backplane for interconnecting active ATM modules installed in any of the
slots in the hub
A 2-slot ATM Switch/Contol Module (6416SW) module (two may be installed in
17-slot models)
ATM media (for example, 100 Mbps Concentration) modules.
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ATM Backplane
All data transmitted between modules in the ATM subsystem passes through the ATM
backplane. Data is switched between ATM media modules in the ATM subsystem by a
6416SW module. 6416SW modules are installed in slot positions 9 and 10 in the ATM
backplane of 10-slot models, and slot positions 9 and 10 and/or 11 and 12 in the ATM
backplane of 17-slot models. These positions are shown in Figure 1-1.
Fan Area
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
ATM
Backplane
Ring-Bus
Connectors
ShuntBus
Media
Backplane
TriChannel
Connectors
TriChannel
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Power Power Power
Power
Module Module Module Module
Controller 2
Controller 1
ac Inlets
Figure 1-1. ATM Backplane in the 17-slot 3Com ONcore Hub
Two 6416SW modules may be installed in the 17-slot models. This allows for 6416SW
redundancy (see page “ATM Switch/Control Redundancy” on page 1-13).
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The major difference between the ATM backplane and other ONcore hub LAN
backplanes is that each ATM media module has a dedicated set of connections to the
6416SW module. This set of dedicated connections constitutes a wiring star topology in
which ATM media modules are at the tips of the star and the 6416SW module is at the
center. The wiring topology used in the ATM backplane is shown in Figure 1-2.
Slot Positions for
6416SW Modules:
9 to 10 and 11 to 12
Fan Area
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Slot Positions for
ATM Media Modules:
1 to 8 and 12 to 17
ATM Bus Linking
6416SW Modules
6416SW = ATM Switch/Control
Figure 1-2. Wiring Star Topology in ATM Backplane (17-slot model)
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The main characteristics of the ATM backplane are as follows:
Modular structure
Full floating ATM media modules
Support of two 6416SW modules for reliability and redundancy (in 17-slot models)
Full coexistence with existing legacy LAN modules.
ATM media modules can be hot-swapped into any open slot. Also, you can remove an
ATM module and re-insert it into another slot without disturbing the operation of other
ATM modules and without causing a failure in ATM connections in the hub.
You can install an ATM media module in any one of slots 1 to 8 in a 10-slot model, and
of slots 1 to 8 and 12 to 17 in a 17-slot model. Slots 9, 10, and 11 (in 17-slot models)
are reserved for 6416SW modules. After installing the module, you must configure it for
operation by entering a series of commands from the 6416SW local console or from a
TELNET session. The commands are detailed in the 3Com ONcore Switching
Hub/CELLplex 4000 Workgroup Switch, ATM Command Reference Guide 17-00866,
SA33-0385 (hereafter referred to as the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM
Command Reference Guide).
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ATM Switch/Control Module
The ATM Switch/Contol Module (6416SW) module used in the ONcore hub consists of
two cards packaged into a double-slot module:
A base card (ATM Switch fabric) that switches cells from one ATM port to another
ATM port or to another output link on the same module.
ATM cell switching is carried out by means of the Switch integrated circuit, a
technology used by the ONcore switch. This single chip is a non-blocking 16-by-16
times 256 Mbps 8-bit parallel switch.
The Control Point card houses a processor where the Control program resides.
The 3Com ONcore ATM subsystem (as all ATM switching devices) requires a control
program to perform the functions associated with the establishment and management of
ATM circuits. These functions are integrated into the switching element of each
6416SW module. This allows the ONcore ATM subsystem to use a distributed control
system with the following advantages:
Each ATM module benefits from the fault-tolerant design of the 3Com ONcore
chassis.
Continued ATM network operation is ensured in case of a failure at a single point in
the network.
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The 3Com ONcore Switch imbedded Control Point provides a complete set of functions
to control an ATM campus network and to interconnect local ATM networks over ATM
wide area networks.
The Control Point supports an extensive set of ATM connections, including:
Switched (SVC) and permanent (PVC)
Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
Reserved Bandwidth (RB) and Available Bit Rate (ABR)
Note: The Available Bit Rate service will be available in future releases of the 6416SW
module.
Table 1-1. ATM Connections Supported in ONcore Hubs
Type of Virtual
Connection
Connection Connection Class
Type
Connection Mode
Virtual Path Connection
(VP)
Permanent
Reserved
Point-to-point
Bandwidth and
Available Bit Rate
Virtual Channel
Connection (VC)
Switched
Reserved
Point-to-point and
point-to-multipoint
Bandwidth and
Available Bit Rate
Virtual Channel
Connection (VC)
Permanent
Reserved
Point-to-point
Bandwidth and
Available Bit Rate
ATM control functions are fully distributed instead of being centralized. This means that
all nodes participate as peers in the control algorithms. Due to the distribution of control
functions, ONcore ATM networks provide for availability, scalability, and growth.
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Each 3Com ONcore Switch/Control provides the following functions:
Control plane:
– Support of ATM signaling (SVCs) according to ATM Forum V3.0 and V3.1
specifications.
– Switch-to-switch interface (SSI) based on an extension of the ATM Forum UNI
V3.0 as stated in the ATM Forum P-NNI framework
– Topology services and route computation based on TRS, with automatic bypass
of failed nodes and links only for SSI connections (TRS is an extension of
OSPF, Open Shortest Path First.)
– Interconnection of local ATM networks over an ATM WAN that provides a
permanent virtual path, allowing switched connections to be set up between end
systems on both sides of the WAN (VP tunneling)
– Internal SVC APIs to support node management and services over switched
ATM connections
– Support of permanent virtual path (VP) and permanent virtual channel (VC)
point-to-point connections
– Support of IP over ATM (RFC 1577) for node management and services
(Classical IP); PING message: 916 bytes maximum.
– Support of 802.3 LAN Emulation Client for node management and services
(LAN emulation). PING and TELNET messages: maximum length depends on
the maximum SDU size supported on the corresponding emulated LAN. See
Table 1-2 on page 1-15
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Management plane:
– Full SNMP support (get, getnext, set, and traps)
– MIB-II support
– IETF AToMIB
– Full Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) support at UNI and from the
network management station
– OSPF MIB support for managing topology and route computation
– 3Com extension
— Hub-specific: switch, modules and ports
— Enhanced PVC management (automatic route computation and recovery)
— Signalling (Q.2931 and SAAL) configurations and statistics
— ATM statistics
– Services for local and remote administration.
User Plane (hardware):
– ATM layer (switching)
– Support of Reserved Bandwidth (RB) connection.
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The SNMP ATM agent is a function of the Control program in the 6416SW module and
implements the ATM MIB defined in the V3.0 UNI Specification of the ATM Forum.
The AToMIB is defined by the IETF and by the 3Com extensions. It can be driven by
SNMP managers, such as IBM NetView for AIX . The 3Com ATM management
application, Transcend ONcore ATM Campus Manager, can be used by a LAN
administrator to better tune the system.
Both PVCs and SVCs are supported. The signaling is upwardly compatible with the
ATM Forum V3.0 and V3.1 UNI. Control messages are encapsulated in the SAAL
Adaptation Layer.
The ILMI (ATM Forum V3.0) is fully supported. End-systems can register their local
address to the ONcore hub and receive notification of their network address. ILMI
messages are SNMP-formatted and conveyed using the AAL5 Adaptation layer.
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ATM Subsystem Traffic Management
High-speed ATM networks support a variety of applications with different traffic and
quality of service (QOS) requirements. For example, multimedia and time critical data
applications require guaranteed levels of delay and throughput, while other applications
can tolerate variations in delay and throughput (LAN traffic). This diversity requires
different congestion management methods.
The 3Com ONcore ATM subsystem supports the ATM Reserved Bandwidth (RB)
service type of traffic.
In the Reserved Bandwidth (RB) service, an application needs to establish a traffic
contract with the network before transmitting data. The traffic contract consists of a
specified QOS class and a set of traffic descriptors. Through resource allocation, the
network either provides the desired QOS for the ATM connection or refuses the call.
For this method, the source must be accurately modelled and able to precisely describe
its traffic pattern. The allocated bandwidth is usually less than the peak rate in order to
benefit from statistical multiplexing gains which may cause congestion. A source
policing scheme ensures that the source conforms itself to the contract by means of a
"leaky bucket" rate control.
The use of selective and global backpressure for traffic management in the ATM
subsystem gives the 3Com ONcore ATM network an added value. Selective
backpressure temporarily stops one virtual connection. Global backpressure
temporarily stops an ATM link.
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ATM Subsystem Chassis Management
Management of the ATM subsystem can be achieved in two ways:
Via a Distributed Management Module (DMM) installed in the ONcore hub.
Via the 6416SW module, which contains a subset of DMM, when the ONcore hub is
only running ATM. (Check the Release Notes for the level of 6416SW code
required).
Note: If a DMM module is present, or hot-inserted, in the hub, the DMM module will
assume chassis management, and 6416SW commands entered will not be effected.
The required commands, in this case, should be entered from a DMM console, and not
the local console.
Power management of the hub is provided by the SET POWER MODE and SHOW
POWER commands. The power mode can be set so that if an additional power supply
is available, the supply is kept in reserve, to be used in the event of failure. Power
management information can be displayed to show the amount of power available, and
the amount of power consumed by the hub. In addition, the power budget, power
modes, and power information can be displayed for individual slots.
A complete inventory of the hub's contents, including fans and power supplies can be
displayed via the SHOW HUB command.
The SHOW INVENTORY command allows you to display inventory information about
the hub, including all modules, submodules, and controller module.
For more information, see the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command
Reference Guide.
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ATM Switch/Control Redundancy
By installing a second 6416SW in a 17-slot hub, a backup to the active 6416SW is
provided (check the Release Notes for the level of 6416SW and the level of code
required). If the active 6416SW fails, the standby will take over control. The active
6416SW continually updates the tables in the standby 6416SW to ensure that the
backup configuration is current, and to reduce the impact should a switch to the standby
be required. The active 6416SW checks every one second to determine if the standby
6416SW is present and up-to-date. The date and time are also updated to ensure
network time consistency in case of switch-over.
The active 6416SW also periodically requests that the standby 6416SW perform
diagnostics to ensure that it is capable of assuming control if required.
Which 6416SW is to be active can be defined by the operator in both Maintenance and
Administrator modes, via the SET ROLE or SET DEVICE ROLE command (see the
ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide for details).
This choice is considered at next reset when electing the active 6416SW. Maintenance
mode can be entered for the backup 6416SW, but this mode will be ended should the
active 6416SW fail or enter Maintenance mode.
Note: The standby 6416SW does not support Telnet. There are two console modes
available, basic dialog mode and maintenance mode.
1-13
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Benefits of Using ATM in the ONcore Hub
The use of ATM in the ONcore hub offers the following benefits:
Use of ATM in local and wide area networks, and in both private and public
networks
ATM support for multimedia applications and mixed traffic, such as voice, video,
and data
Extension of current application solutions by providing bandwidth on demand and
allowing applications to share bandwidth
Support for current and future high-bandwidth applications and protocols
Low transfer delay and support for both non-realtime and realtime applications by
providing large peak bandwidth
Coexistence of ATM with the existing LAN backplane allowing for the combined use
of shared media LANs and ATM
Integration of ATM into the ONcore hub management functions
Distributed switching across ONcore hubs for greater network reliability
Platform for providing ATM to the desktop and high media concentration
Independent of physical interface type
Simplified networking and architecture.
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LAN Emulation Client (LEC)
The 6416SW contains an integrated ‘lite’ LEC that provides basic LAN emulation client
functions for use by an SNMP agent or for Internet FTP functions. Such functions
include Netview, TELNET, and TFTP. The LEC implementation is fully ATM Forum
compliant.
The maximum length of PING and TELNET messages depends on the maximum SDU
size supported on the corresponding emulated LAN. Table 1-2 lists the correspondence
(in bytes):
Table 1-2. Maximum PING and TELNET Message Lengths
802.3 ELAN max SDU
PING/TELNET maximum length
1516
4544
9234
18190
1492
4520
9210
18166
If a connection is lost between a LEC and a LAN emulation server (LES), the LEC will
attempt to reconnect 5 times, at intervals of 5 seconds. If the connection is not
re-established, the LEC will continue attempts to reconnect, at intervals of one minute.
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1-16 ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module: Installation and User's Guide
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Chapter 2. Installation
This chapter describes how to install the 6416SW module. Before you unpack the
module, please follow the precautions in “Before You Start.”
Before You Start
Take the following precautions before unpacking the 6416SW module:
Do not remove the 6416SW module from its anti-static shielding bag until you are
ready to insert it into the ONcore hub. This avoids the possibility of having
electrostatic discharge damage static-sensitive devices in the 6416SW cards.
Always use a foot strap and grounded mat or wear a grounded static discharge
wrist strap whenever you inspect or install the 6416SW module. Or else, touch a
grounded rack or another source of ground before handling the 6416SW module.
Verify that the 6416SW module is the correct feature by matching the part number
listed on the side of the shipping carton to the part number you ordered.
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Unpacking the Module
To unpack the 6416SW module, follow these steps:
1. Remove the 6416SW module from the shipping carton.
2. Remove the 6416SW module from the anti-static bag and inspect it for damage.
Always handle the module by the faceplate being careful not to touch the internal
components.
If the module appears damaged, put it back in the anti-static bag, and put the bag
back into the shipping carton. Then contact your local 3Com dealer or 3Com
representative.
3Com suggests that you keep the shipping carton and the anti-static shielding bag
which your 6416SW module was delivered in, in case you later want to repackage the
module for storage or shipment.
3Com also suggests that you record the serial number of your 6416SW module and
other information about the modules in your ONcore hub in the Hub Planning Chart
provided in your ONcore Switching Hub Reference Library.
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Installing the 6416SW Module
To install a 6416SW module in the ONcore hub, follow these steps:
1. Install the ONcore hub in its rack or on a desktop by following the instructions in the
3Com ONcore Hub Installation Guide (17-00362).
2. Insert the 6416SW module into slots 9 and 10 (or slots 11 and 12 in A17 models) of
the hub by matching the top and bottom board guides as you slide the module
cleanly into place (by pressing evenly on the top and bottom of the faceplate). Do
not attempt to push the module all the way into the hub until you have verified that
the top and bottom module ejectors are OPEN (see Figure 2-2 on page 2-4.)
3. Make sure that the module is plugged into the connectors on the ATM backplane.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 1112 13 14 15 1617
Slots
1
1
2
2
3
4
3
4
P
O
R
T
1
P
O
R
T
1
P
O
R
T
2
P
O
R
T
2
ACTIVE
STBY
ERROR
RUNNI
P
O
R
T
3
P
O
R
T
3
NG
P
O
R
T
4
P
O
R
T
4
MAINT
RESET
A
T
RESET
M
RS-232
CON
SOLE
RS-232
AUXI
LIA
RY
WRONG
SLOT
A-SCPS
W
Figure 2-1. Installing the 6416SW Module in an ONcore Hub
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4. Close the top and bottom ejectors simultaneously.
Figure 2-2. ONcore Module Ejectors
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5. Fasten the spring-loaded screws on the front panel of the module to the hub using
your fingers. Do not over-tighten.
6. (optional) Press the LED Test button on the Controller module to verify that all
LEDs are functional.
7. If you want to use a local console to configure (out-of-band) the ATM subsystem,
you must attach an ASCII-type terminal to the RS-232 Console port on the 6416SW
module. The connection can either be local or via modems.
If you use the modem cables that are delivered with the ONcore hub, you must also
use the null modem adapter supplied with the 6416SW module.
Verify that the console and modems (if used) meet the factory defaults of the
6416SW module. If they are not compatible with the factory defaults, you will not
be able to communicate with the module. The default 6416SW settings are:
9600 baud rate
8 data bits
No parity
1 stop bit.
See Chapter 4, “Setting-Up and Using a Configuration Console” on page 4-1 for
more information.
8. Attach one end of an RS-232 cable to the RS-232 Console port, the topmost
RS-232 port on the front panel of the 6416SW module. Loop the cable through the
hub cable tray (if installed) and attach the other end to the RS-232 serial port
connector on the console or personal computer.
Note: The RS-232 cable can be a maximum of 200 feet (61 meters) in length.
There are several RS-232 cable configurations available. Refer to Appendix B,
“RS-232 Cable and Modem Requirements” on page B-1 for more information on the
exact RS-232 cable that you need.
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1
2
1
2
3
4
3
4
RS-232 Console port
PORT
1
PORT
1
PORT
2
PORT
2
PORT
3
PORT
3
PORT
4
PORT
4
Figure 2-3. Attaching a Terminal to the 6416SW RS-232 Console Port
9. Attach cables to the ATM media modules and ATM user devices you want to use.
Then enter 6416SW commands from the console (as described in Chapter 5,
“Configuring the ATM Switch/Control Module” on page 5-1) to configure the ATM
subsystem.
10. Enter the SAVE ALL command from the console once you have configured all ATM
media modules. The 6416SW module saves the configuration information in
nonvolatile memory.
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Verifying Normal 6416SW Operation
After installing the 6416SW module, you can verify that it is operating properly by
checking the status of the LEDs and the message displayed on the console screen.
The position of the LEDs is shown in Figure 2-4 on page 2-9.
The RUNNING LED on the module should light (yellow).
The ACTIVE LED should light (yellow) if the 6416SW module is managing ATM
media modules.
The WRONG SLOT LED should not light.
If the module is installed properly and if the RS-232 connection is made, the
following message should display on the console screen when you press Enter:
ATM Switch/Control Module
(c) Copyright IBM Corp. 1994, 1996. All rights reserved.
Now you can enter 6416SW commands from the local console to set up your system
defaults and configure ATM media modules as explained in Chapter 5, “Configuring the
ATM Switch/Control Module” on page 5-1. If you have problems while configuring your
ATM subsystem, refer to Chapter 7, “Troubleshooting” on page 7-1.
How to perform wrap tests on ATM ports is described in the ONcore Switching
Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide.
The next section describes the front panel of the 6416SW module and the meaning of
each LED.
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Front Panel
The front panel of the 6416SW module contains:
Seven LEDs that show the operating state of the module
9-pin RS-232 Console port
9-pin RS-232 Auxiliary port (reserved for 3Com service personnel)
ATM Reset button that resets all ATM modules (6416SW and ATM media) in the
ONcore hub.
The position of these components on the front panel is shown in Figure 2-4 on
page 2-9
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Running LED
Error LED
Active LED
Standby LED
Maintenance LED
Reset LED
ATM Reset button
(resets all ATM
modules and
ATM traffic)
RS-232
CONSOLE
RS-232
Console Port
RS-232
AUXILIARY
RS-232
Auxiliary Port
Wrong Slot LED
Figure 2-4. Front Panel of 6416SW Module
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Meaning of the LEDs
Table 2-1 shows the meaning of each LED on the front panel of the 6416SW module.
Table 2-1 (Page 1 of 2). Meaning of the 6416SW LEDs
LED Name
Color
State
Meaning
Active
Yellow
OFF
6416SW module is not able to
control ATM traffic and ATM
media modules.
ON
6416SW module is able to
control ATM traffic and ATM
media modules.
Standby
(STBY)
Yellow
OFF
Either a second 6416SW module
is not installed or, if a second
6416SW is installed, it is not
active.
ON
The second 6416SW module is
installed and active.
Running
Yellow
OFF
6416SW software is not running.
The Error LED or the
Maintenance LED lights up.
ON
6416SW software is started and
running properly.
Error
Red
OFF
ON
6416SW module is functioning
properly.
6416SW module is not
operational because of an error.
See Chapter 7,
“Troubleshooting” on page 7-1.
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Table 2-1 (Page 2 of 2). Meaning of the 6416SW LEDs
LED Name
Color
State
Meaning
Maintenance
(MAINT)
Yellow
OFF
6416SW module is functioning
properly.
ON
Maintenance mode is active.
Reset
Yellow
Yellow
OFF
6416SW module is functioning
properly.
ON
6416SW and ATM media
modules in hub are being reset.
Wrong Slot
OFF
ON
Normal operation.
6416SW module is not installed
in the correct slots.
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ATM Reset Button
The ATM Reset button resets the 6416SW and all ATM media modules in the ONcore
hub. All data traffic and connections in the ATM subsystem are stopped.
Press this button when instructed after you correct an error condition. Before pressing
it, be sure to save any configuration settings entered in the current session with the
SAVE command. When you press the ATM Reset button, all unsaved settings will be
lost.
The button is recessed on the front panel to prevent it from being accidentally pressed.
To press it, use a pen or a small screwdriver to hold the button down.
Pressing the ATM Reset button has the same effect as entering the RESET
ATM_SUBSYSTEM FORCE command from the 6416SW console.
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RS-232 Console Port
The 9-pin RS-232 Console port (the topmost RS-232 port on the front panel) is a DTE
male connector (DB-9) to which a console or modem is connected in order to:
Initialize the 6416SW module at installation.
Enter 6416SW network management commands (described in the ONcore
Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide).
Download new software versions.
Table 2-2. RS-232 Console Port Pin Assignments (DB9)
Pin Number
Signal Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Carrier Detect (CD)
Receive Data (RX)
Transmit Data (TX)
Data Terminal Ready (DTR)
Signal Ground (GND)
Data Set Ready (DSR)
Request to Send (RTS)
Clear to Send (CTS)
No connection
An RTS signal is not continuously sent by the 6416SW module. If you attach a terminal
(such as an IBM 3151 or 3164) you should configure it with IPRTS (Induced Permanent
RTS) for Line Control.
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RS-232 Auxiliary Port
The 9-pin RS-232 Auxiliary serial port (the bottommost RS-232 port on the front panel)
is also a DTE male connector (DB-9).
The RS-232 Auxiliary port is reserved for 3Com service engineers. No device
should be connected to it during normal hub operation.
Table 2-3. RS-232 Auxiliary Port Pin Assignments
Pin Number
Signal Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
No connection
Receive Data (RX)
Transmit Data (TX)
No connection
Signal Ground (GND)
No connection
Request to Send (RTS)
Clear to Send (CTS)
No connection
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Chapter 3. ATM
Addressing
This chapter describes:
The components of an ATM Campus Network
Guidelines for defining an ATM Address for the ATM Switch/Control
How to set up trunk connections within and between subnetworks
How to use Permanent Virtual Connections (PVCs).
ATM Campus Networks
The purpose of an ATM network is to set up connections between ATM user devices,
the two endpoints of a connection.
3Com ATM subsystems can be interconnected in order to build a local, privately owned
and administered ATM network called an ATM Campus Network.
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Figure 3-1. Components of an ATM Campus Network
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Network Components
The various parts of the ATM address form a hierarchy of network components, as
shown in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2. ATM Address Hierarchy
For a full description of the ATM address formats supported by the 6416SW, see
Appendix E, “ONcore ATM Address Formats” on page E-1.
The terms used to describe the components of an ATM Campus Network are defined
here:
ATM Campus Network
One or more ATM subnetworks interconnected using NNI
interfaces.
This set of subnetworks is controlled by one administrative domain
and a single private owner using one network access protocol
(UNI).
An ATM Campus Network is identified by:
The first 9 bytes of the unique network prefix.
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ATM Subnetwork One or more ATM clusters interconnected using NNI interfaces.
An ATM subnetwork is identified by:
The first 9 bytes of the network prefix, which are the same for
all subnetworks in a Campus Network, plus
A 2-byte routing domain number (RDN), which is unique within
the ATM Campus Network.
ATM Cluster
One or more ATM subsystems interconnected using SSI interfaces.
An ATM Cluster is identified by:
The first 11 bytes of the network prefix, which are the same for
all clusters in an ATM subnetwork, plus
A 1-byte ATM Cluster Number (ACN), unique within the ATM
subnetwork, which ranges from 0 to 255.
ATM Subsystem The components of the ATM subsystem in the hub include:
Integrated ATM Switch/Control module functions
Devices connected to the ATM ports
ATM media modules installed
ATM interfaces: user-to-network (UNI), switch-to-switch (SSI),
network-to-network (NNI).
An ATM Subsystem is identified by:
The first 12 bytes of the network prefix, which are the same for
all subsystems in a cluster, plus
A 1-byte Hub Number (HN), unique within the ATM Cluster,
which ranges from 0 to 255.
ATM User Device An end system that encapsulates data into ATM cells and forwards
them to the ATM subsystem across a UNI interface. Examples of
ATM user devices are:
Servers and workstations equipped with ATM adapters
ATM concentrators or workstations equipped with ATM adapters
Routers with ATM adapters
LAN ATM bridges.
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An ATM User Device is identified by:
The first 13 bytes of the network prefix, which are the same for
all user devices attached to an ATM subsystem, plus
A 6-byte End System Identifier (ESI), unique within the ATM
Subsystem, plus
A 1-byte Selector field that may be used by the user device.
The 6416SW passes the network prefix of an ATM address to
attached end systems using the Interim Local Management
Interface (ILMI) protocol.
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Network Interfaces
ATM standards define three protocols used across the interfaces connecting the
components of an ATM campus network:
UNI
SSI
Defines the interface between an ATM User Device (such as a terminal,
router, bridge, server, workstation, or concentrator equipped with an ATM
adapter) and the ATM network. The ATM subsystem supports the private
UNI defined by the ATM Forum UNI Specification V3.1.
Defines the interface between two ATM switches in the same ATM Cluster.
The SSI fully supports networking functions without the need of operator
intervention, such as routing, node failure and node recovery, backup, and
topology management by the Topology Routing Service (TRS) program.
You can define multiple SSI connections between two ATM switches. The
SSI has been developed from the Public-NNI for use in 3Com ATM
subnetworks.
NNI
Defines the interface between two ATM switches belonging to different ATM
Clusters in the same subnetwork or in different subnetworks.
Operator intervention is required in order to manage networking functions
such as routing, backup, topology changes, and so on.
You can define only one NNI connection between two ATM switches.
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Defining the ATM Address of the 6416SW
A default ATM address is provided with the 6416SW. You can continue to use this
default address only if you use your 6416SW as a stand-alone ATM switch.
If you want to connect the 6416SW to other ATM subsystems, the ATM address must
be defined as follows:
AFI-RDN The first (leftmost) 11 bytes of the Network Prefix is the address of the ATM
subnetwork to which this 6416SW belongs.
If the ATM campus network is connected to a public carrier, this address is
assigned by the appropriate administrative authority.
ACN
HN
If the ATM subnetwork contains multiple ATM clusters, this byte specifies the
number of the cluster to which this 6416SW belongs.
If the ATM cluster contains multiple ATM subsystems, this byte specifies the
number of this 6416SW in the cluster.
This address is assigned to the 6416SW using the SET DEVICE ATM_ADDRESS
command, which automatically saves the ATM address and resets the ATM subsystem.
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Setting-Up ATM Trunk Connections
To configure a trunk between two ATM subnetworks or two ATM clusters in the same
subnetwork over a virtual path (VP) service provider, you must configure a logical link
between a pair of ATM ports. The ATM ports must both use a network-to-network (NNI)
interface and be on the boundary hub of each subnetwork or cluster.
Figure 3-3 shows an example of logical links between pairs of ATM clusters from a
boundary hub in each cluster.
Figure 3-3. ATM Logical Links Used to Connect ATM Clusters
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You can configure multiple logical links over the same physical port. However, you can
only configure one logical link (using one pair of ATM ports) for each ATM
cluster-to-cluster or subnetwork-to-subnetwork connection.
Using Static Routes
In an ONcore/CELLplex 4000 ATM network, you can only set a logical link to a cluster
number (ACN) that is defined within your own ATM subnetwork. In order to set up a
logical link with a remote cluster outside your own subnetwork, you must use the SET
STATIC_ROUTE command to assign an ACN to the network prefix of the boundary hub
of each remote cluster to which you want to link. The SET LOGICAL_LINK command
then will be able to set up a connection to this logical hub using its assigned ACN.
Trunks Within a Single Cluster/Subnetwork
To define a logical link between switches within the same cluster or subnetwork, use the
SET LOGICAL_LINK command to set the following parameters for each port in each
switch:
Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) number
ATM cluster number (ACN) for the remote switch
Bandwidth available on the virtual path
Signalling role for Q.2931 protocol.
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Trunks Between Subnetworks
In order to define a logical link between switches in different subnetworks, you must
also use the SET STATIC_ROUTE command to associate the address of the boundary
hub in the remote cluster with a locally defined ACN.
The SET LOGICAL_LINK command then uses this ACN to establish the logical link with
the remote cluster.
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Example: Configuring a Connection Between User Devices
When configuring a connection between two ATM user devices attached to different
subnetworks (for example, between Workstation D and Workstation E in Figure 3-4 on
page 3-12), you must:
Configure the route between the clusters in the first subnetwork; for example,
between Clusters A and B in subnetwork Y.
Configure the route between the clusters in both subnetworks; for example, from
Cluster B in subnetwork Y to Cluster C in subnetwork X.
To configure the route from Workstation D to Workstation E, you would start from hub
F, the entry point to Cluster A in subnetwork Y:
1. From hub F, enter the SET STATIC_ROUTE command with the ACN for Cluster C.
2. From hub G (boundary hub), enter the SET LOGICAL_LINK command with the
ACN for Cluster C.
3. From hub H (the entry point in Cluster B), enter the SET STATIC_ROUTE
command with the ACN for Cluster C.
4. From hub H (which is also a boundary hub), enter the SET LOGICAL_LINK
command with the ACN for Cluster C.
The ATM address of Workstation E is known in Cluster C by the updates received
at each ATM switch by the Topology Routing Service (TRS).
To configure the route for communication in the opposite direction, from Workstation E
to Workstation D, you would start from Hub J, the entry point to Cluster C in subnetwork
X:
1. From hub J, enter the SET STATIC_ROUTE command with the ACN for Cluster A.
2. From hub I (boundary hub), enter the SET LOGICAL_LINK command with the ACN
for Cluster A.
3. From hub H (entry point), enter the SET STATIC_ROUTE command with the ACN
for Cluster A.
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4. From hub H (boundary hub), enter the SET LOGICAL_LINK command with the
ACN for Cluster A.
The ATM address of Workstation D is known in Cluster A by the TRS updates.
Figure 3-4. Using Static Route Mappings to Connect User Devices
Across Subnetworks
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Using Permanent Virtual Connections
Permanent virtual connections (PVCs) for virtual channel and virtual path connections
are created via the SET PVC command. See the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000
ATM Command Reference Guide for details.
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Chapter 4. Setting-Up and
Using a Configuration
Console
This chapter describes:
How to enter commands and get help on the 6416SW configuration console
How to set up the 6416SW configuration console in Normal (ASCII) mode
How to set up the 6416SW configuration console via a SLIP protocol connection
How to access the 6416SW from a remote console via TELNET
How to reconfigure configuration console settings.
Overview
The commands for configuring the 6416SW are entered using a configuration console
(ASCII terminal or workstation) connected to the console port. The console can
communicate in one of two ways:
Normal (ASCII) mode
In normal mode, commands are entered directly from the configuration
console.
See “Setting Up a Configuration Console in Normal (ASCII) Mode” on
page 4-7 for instructions on connecting a configuration console to the
6416SW in Normal mode.
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SLIP mode
In SLIP mode, commands are entered via a TELNET session between an IP
workstation and the 6416SW.
If your workstation supports TFTP, it can also be used as a TFTP server to
perform DOWNLOAD and UPLOAD operations between your workstation
and the ONcore. (See “Uploading and Downloading Operations” on
page 6-5.)
Note: If no activity takes place for a period of 20 minutes, the console is
automatically returned to normal mode.
This method requires an initial connection in Normal mode to set up the IP
addresses and change the port protocol.
See “Setting Up a Configuration Console in SLIP Mode” on page 4-8 for
instructions on connecting a configuration console to the 6416SW in SLIP
mode.
After the switch has been initially configured, it is also possible to configure and manage
the switch:
From a remote TELNET sessions, as described in “TELNET Sessions Via a
Remote Switch” on page 4-12.
Using an SNMP management application, as described in Chapter 6, “Network and
Switch Management” on page 6-1.
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Before You Start
The following section describes keystrokes and the command syntax to use to enter
6416SW commands from a configuration console. For a complete description of all
6416SW configuration commands, see the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM
Command Reference Guide.
Entering 6416SW Commands
By entering commands at the prompt on the 6416SW configuration console, you can
configure various functions of the 6416SW. The management prompt appears as
follows:
ONcoreATM>
6416SW commands are not case-sensitive. The system interprets ABC(uppercase) the
same as abc(lowercase).
The values you enter for certain command parameters are, however, case-sensitive
and must be typed exactly as shown in the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM
Command Reference Guide. For example, if you enter RWTRAPand rwtrapfor the
com_nameparameter in two separate SET COMMUNITY commands, you will create two
different community names.
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Keyboard Functions
When entering 6416SW commands the following keyboard functions are available:
Keystroke
BS or Backspace
Enter
Function
Moves the cursor one space backward and deletes the character.
Runs the command or prompts you to enter missing parameters.
Types the complete 6416SW command.
Space bar
Ctrl + C
Cancels the command that is currently running and returns you to
a blank command line.
Ctrl + R
Retypes the last command you entered on the command line.
The last 10 commands you entered can be retyped in this way.
Ctrl + L
?
Types the currently edited command on the next line.
Displays a list of available commands.
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Getting Help
To get help on available 6416SW commands, type ? on the command line and press
Enter. For example, to see what commands start with the word SAVE, you would enter:
ONcoreATM> save ?
[ENTER]
The following response is displayed:
Possible completions:
alert
all
community
device
lan_emul
module_port
static_route
terminal
tftp
If you logged on as the system administrator, you can enter ? to display a list of all
active 6416SW commands. An example is shown here:
ONcoreATM> ?
[ENTER]
clear
download
dump
logout
maintain
ping
reset
revert
save
set
swap
telnet
upload
wrap
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Command Completion
The 6416SW management command line accepts abbreviated command input with a
facility called command completion. Command completion lets you enter a command
and its parameters by typing the minimum number of characters to uniquely identify the
command or a parameter.
For example, to enter the SAVE command, you only need to type SAand press the
space bar:
ONcoreATM> sa
The system automatically fills in the rest of the command:
ONcoreATM> save
To enter a parameter, such as COMMUNITY, with the SAVE command, you can type the
first few letters (for example, COMM) and press the space bar:
ONcoreATM> save comm
The rest of the parameter is automatically entered:
ONcoreATM> save community
If you enter an insufficient number of letters (for example, only Sor C) for the system to
determine the command or parameter (for example, Set, Show, Saveand so on), the
word is not completed and you are prompted to enter the rest of the command. The
system also prompts you if you forget to enter a mandatory parameter.
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Setting Up a Configuration Console in Normal
(ASCII) Mode
The following procedure sets up the configuration console in Normal mode and logs you
on as the system administrator with full access to all 6416SW commands:
1. Connect an ASCII-type terminal to the RS-232 console port on the front panel of the
6416SW.
2. In the terminal’s user guide, locate the procedure for setting parameters for baud
rate, data bits, parity, and stop bits.
3. Configure these configuration console settings to the values used by the 6416SW
so that the configuration console and the 6416SW can communicate. The
factory-set default settings for the 6416SW are as follows:
Baud rate
Data bits
Parity
9600
8
None
1
Stop bits
4. Press Enter. The following message is displayed:
ATM Switch/Control Module
(c) Copyright IBM Corp. 1994, 1996. All rights reserved.
Password:
5. As no factory password is provided for administration first Logon, press Enter.
Welcome to system administrator service on ONcore.
ONcoreATM>
You can now proceed to configure the 6416SW, as described in Chapter 5,
“Configuring the ATM Switch/Control Module” on page 5-1.
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Setting Up a Configuration Console in SLIP Mode
The procedure that follows sets up the configuration console in SLIP mode and logs you
on as the system administrator with full access to all 6416SW commands.
Note: A typical workstation includes two serial ports (COM1, COM2):
One dedicated to an ASCII-terminal emulator,
The other dedicated to an IP stack and supported via the SLIP protocol.
Both ports are needed for this procedure.
1. Connect your workstation to the RS-232 console port on the front panel of the
6416SW from the ‘ASCII-terminal’ serial port.
2. Configure the terminal in Normal mode and logon as administrator as described in
“Setting Up a Configuration Console in Normal (ASCII) Mode” on page 4-7.
3. If a data transmission rate other than 9600 is required, use the SET TERMINAL
BAUD command to configure a data transmission rate.
ONcoreATM> set terminal baud 192
[ENTER]
4. Set the local IP address (6416SW) and remote IP address (workstation) for the
SLIP protocol using the SET TERMINAL SLIP_ADDRESSES command.
ONcoreATM> set terminal slip_addresses
Enter local ip address : 9.1 .86.139
Enter remote ip address : 9.1 .86.138
ONcoreATM>
[ENTER]
[ENTER]
[ENTER]
5. Switch the configuration console port operating mode to SLIP using the SET
TERMINAL CONSOLE_PORT_PROTOCOL command.
ONcoreATM> set terminal console_port_protocol slip
[ENTER]
6. Unplug the cable from the ‘ASCII-terminal’ serial port and plug it into the ‘IP-stack’
serial port of your workstation.
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7. Configure the IP stack SLIP with the IP address of the 6416SW and verify the
6416SW-to-workstation connectivity by issuing a PING request.
C:\ping 9.1 .86.138
[ENTER]
8. Start a TELNET session to the 6416SW.
ONcoreATM> telnet 9.1 .86.139
[ENTER]
9. Logon as administrator. The Welcome screen is displayed:
Password:
Welcome to system administrator service on ONcore.
ONcoreATM>
You can now proceed to configure the 6416SW, as described in Chapter 5,
“Configuring the ATM Switch/Control Module” on page 5-1.
Returning to Normal Mode
To switch the configuration console port back to Normal mode, use the SET TERMINAL
CONSOLE_PORT_PROTOCOL command.
ONcoreATM> set terminal console_port_protocol normal
[ENTER]
Note: An 6416SW RESET restores the configuration console port to NORMAL
operating mode.
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SLIP Support
The SLIP function is supported on:
TCP/IP for AIX version 3.2.5
TCP/IP V2.1.2 for IBM DOS V7 (no TFTP support)
TCP/IP V2.0 for OS/2 V3 (WARP)
ChameleonNFS V4.0 for Windows
Using TCP/IP for AIX version 3.2.5
1. Enter smitty mkinet
2. Enter serial line INTERNET Network Interface
3. Configure the local and remote IP addresses
4. The mask is not required
5. Do not fill in the baud rate and the dial string
6. PING the IP address of the remote 6416SW.
Using TCP/IP V2.1.2 for IBM DOS V7 (no TFTP support)
1. Use Customcommand, then SLIP interface
2. Select SL and enable the interface
3. Select COM1 and 9600 modem speed
4. Configure the local and remote IP addresses
5. The mask is not required
6. PING the IP address of the remote 6416SW.
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Using TCP/IP V2.0 for OS/2 V3 (WARP)
1. Configure the SLIP connection using the TCPIPCFG icon then SLIP.
2. Enable the SLIP interface on the correct COMM port.
3. Keep VJ compression off and use 1000 as MTU size.
4. Configure the local and remote IP addresses.
5. The mask is not required.
6. Configure FTFP server using TCPIPCFG icon thru AUTOSTART. This is required
in the FTFP server for 6416SW download and upload operations.
7. Set terminal speed with the mode com1command.
8. PING the IP address of the remote 6416SW.
Using ChameleonNFS V4.0 or V4.1 for Windows
1. Configure the SLIP connection using the Custom icon under ChameleonNFS
2. Select COM1 and no flow control PORT option
3. Do not select a modem under the Modem option
4. Configure the local and remote IP addresses
5. The mask is not required.
6. Enter the appropriate hostname in the services/host table.
7. Use the TELNET icon under ChameleonNFS to connect to terminal dialog via
VT220 emulation.
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TELNET Sessions Via a Remote Switch
The 6416SW’s remote login feature allows you to log on to an 6416SW from a remote
configuration console or network workstation that supports the TELNET protocol.
You can remotely log on to only one 6416SW at a time.
Minimum Local Configuration
Before you can log on to the 6416SW from a remote switch, you must perform a
minimum configuration using a configuration console (in either Normal or SLIP mode).
The minimum configuration that is required depends on the type of subnetwork you will
use for the TELNET session:
Classical IP
Set the ATM address of the 6416SW
Enable the port that connects to the ARP server
Get the ATM address of the ARP server
Set the ARP server ATM address in the 6416SW
Set the IP address of the 6416SW
Enable the port that will be used for the TELNET session.
LAN Emulation
Set the ATM address of the 6416SW
Start the LEC.
These steps are described in Chapter 5, “Configuring the ATM Switch/Control Module”
on page 5-1.
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Logon Procedure
You specify the 6416SW by entering its IP address with the TELNET command:
C:\ telnet 123.94.2 2.9
[ENTER]
Once you are connected to the remote switch, you must log on by entering the correct
password. Afterwards all the commands you enter are run on the remote module as if
entered from a local 6416SW session.
To log off from a TELNET session, enter the LOGOUT command. The LOGOUT
command disconnects the TELNET connection and reconnects you to the local 6416SW
accessed through your configuration console. The following message is displayed with
the local management prompt:
ATM2 logout
Bye
[ENTER]
Remote session completed
C:\
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Figure 4-1 shows an example of an 6416SW remote login. Note that once you are
connected to 6416SW A, you can remotely log on and manage the 6416SW modules in
either hub B or hub C.
Note: The TELNET protocol is not routable.
Hub C
Hub B
Hub A
RS-232
Modem
Console Port
of a
Modem
6416SW Module
Figure 4-1. Working in Remote 6416SW Sessions
You can set a timeout period for a remote 6416SW by entering the SET TERMINAL
TIMEOUT command. When this value is exceeded, the system automatically logs you
off the remote 6416SW session and returns you to your local session.
Although any unsaved configuration changes are still active, they will be lost the next
time you reset or reboot the remote 6416SW. To save these changes, you must
re-establish the remote session and enter the SAVE command.
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Reconfiguring 6416SW Configuration Console
Settings
Carry out the procedures in this section only if you need to connect another
device (besides the 6416SW configuration console) to the 6416SW, and if the
other device runs at a slower baud rate, uses a different parity, or has a different
data bit value than the 6416SW's pre-configured factory settings.
For example, if you want to connect a 4800 baud modem to the 6416SW to remotely
manage the hub, you must change the factory-set default baud rate from 9600 to 4800.
To do so, you would enter the following command:
ONcoreATM> set terminal baud 48
[ENTER]
See the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide for
information on the SET TERMINAL commands that allow you to reconfigure
configuration console settings.
Saving Reconfigured Configuration Console Settings
After you use the SET TERMINAL command to reset the baud rate, the parity, or the
data bit value for the 6416SW, the change is activated immediately and you lose
communication with the configuration console. The new configuration console setting is
not, however, permanently saved.
In order to save the configuration console parameters that you reconfigure with the SET
command, you must connect the new configuration console to the 6416SW, log on, and
enter the SAVE TERMINAL command. Once saved in this way, the new configuration
console settings remain stored in memory after you log off and in case of a power
failure.
For more information on how to reconfigure and save configuration console settings,
see the sections describing the SET TERMINAL commands in the ONcore Switching
Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide.
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Automatic Modem Hangup
If you use a modem to connect to the 6416SW, you can use the SET TERMINAL
HANGUP command to automatically hang up the modem connection when you log off
the 6416SW. If you do not hang up the modem connection, an unauthorized user can
pick up your open session and work in it.
The following command shows what to enter to automatically hang up the modem after
you log off the 6416SW. The command is set by default to disableso that the modem
does not automatically hang up.
ONcoreATM> set terminal hangup enable [ENTER]
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Chapter 5. Configuring the
ATM Switch/Control
Module
This chapter describes:
How to enter the commands needed to configure the 6416SW module
How to save, modify and revert configuration settings
How to use 6416SW commands for fault management.
Before beginning the procedures listed below, make sure that:
1. You have installed the 6416SW module correctly (see Chapter 2, “Installation” on
page 2-1)
2. You have set up a configuration console and logged on as administrator (see
Chapter 4, “Setting-Up and Using a Configuration Console” on page 4-1).
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Configuration Summary
To configure the 6416SW, follow the steps listed below. Each of these steps is
described in a subsequent section of this chapter.
1. Set the 6416SW user and administrator passwords.
2. Set the internal clock.
3. Set the local 6416SW parameters such as:
Switch name
Switch location
Service contact information
Console prompt
Console timeout
4. Define the ATM address of the 6416SW. This resets the ATM subsystem.
5. Enable the ports that will be used, and define their interface type type (UNI, SSI, or
NNI).
6. If you will connect the ONcore to one or more clusters or subnetworks in an
&agenatrm.-based network, you must create trunks (logical links) to the other ATM
switches in the network.
If the switches you will connect to are outside the local subnetwork, you must also
define static routes to those switches.
7. Enable the ATM media modules that are installed in the hub.
8. If you want to use SNMP to manage the 6416SW, configure the SNMP parameters.
The parameters you configure depend on the type of subnetwork you will use for
network management:
Classical IP
LAN Emulation
Note: You may select only one of the subnetworks to be used for the Default
Gateway.
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9. If you want external LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS) support, configure
the LECS ATM address or fixed PVC, depending on the configuration requirements
of the LECS and external LECs (workstations, bridges, and so on).
10. Save all the configuration settings for the 6416SW.
Some of these procedures are mandatory; others are recommended. They are
summarized in Table 5-1 on page 5-4. For a detailed description of each 6416SW
configuration command, see the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command
Reference Guide.
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Table 5-1 (Page 1 of 2). 6416SW Configuration Commands
Procedure
6416SW Command
Priority
Set user and
administrator
passwords
SET DEVICE PASSWORD
Mandatory
Set the internal clock
Set 6416SW name
Set hub location
SET CLOCK
Recommended
Recommended
Recommended
Recommended
Optional
SET DEVICE NAME
SET DEVICE LOCATION
SET DEVICE CONTACT
SET TERMINAL PROMPT
Set contact information
Set 6416SW console
prompt
Set console timeout
value
SET TERMINAL TIME_OUT
SET DEVICE ATM_ADDRESS
SET MODULE
Optional
Set 6416SW ATM
address
Mandatory
Mandatory
Mandatory
Connect ATM media
modules
Enable ports and set
ATM interfaces
SET PORT
Set up trunks between
switches within a
subnetwork
SET LOGICAL_LINK
Mandatory to
link to other
ATM switches
Define static routes for
switches in other
subnetworks
SET STATIC_ROUTE
Mandatory to
link to ATM
switches in
another
subnetwork
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Table 5-1 (Page 2 of 2). 6416SW Configuration Commands
Procedure
6416SW Command
Priority
Set SNMP parameters
- Classical IP
SET DEVICE IP_ADDRESS
SET DEVICE DEFAULT_GATEWAY
SET DEVICE ARP_SERVER
SET COMMUNITY
Mandatory to
manage the
6416SW from a
Classical IP
subnetwork
SET ALERT
Set SNMP parameters
- LAN emulation
SET DEVICE
Mandatory to
manage the
6416SW from
an 802.3 LAN
Emulation
LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT
SET DEVICE DEFAULT_GATEWAY
SET COMMUNITY
SET ALERT
subnetwork
Set LECS ATM
address
SET LAN_EMUL
Optional
CONFIGURATION_SERVER
Save your
SAVE ALL
Mandatory
configuration settings
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Setting 6416SW Passwords
It is necessary to set two levels of 6416SW passwords:
Administrator password that provides access to all 6416SW commands with
read-write (configuration) access
User password that provides access to a subset of 6416SW commands including
most SHOW commands, PING and TELNET.
See the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide for
more information on access to 6416SW commands.
Administrator Password
1. At the console prompt, type the SET DEVICE PASSWORD ADMINISTRATOR
command:
ONcoreATM> set device password administrator
Then press Enter.
2. In the next three fields displayed, enter your current password and the new
password (up to fifteen characters) twice as shown below. For security purposes,
the values you enter are not displayed on the screen.
Enter current administrator password: {old password}
New password:
Re-enter password:
{new password}
{new password}
Then press Enter. You are prompted when your password is accepted:
Password changed.
3. To save your new password, type the SAVE DEVICE or the SAVE ALL command:
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ONcoreATM> save device
Then press Enter.
You will need to enter the new administrator password the next time you log on to the
6416SW. Note that you have only ten seconds to enter a password when the
Password prompt is displayed. If you do not enter a password, a Timeout message is
displayed. To redisplay the Password prompt and start again, press Enter.
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User Passwords
1. Log on to 6416SW using the administrator password.
2. At the management prompt, type the SET DEVICE PASSWORD USER command:
ONcoreATM> set device password user
Then press Enter.
3. In the next three fields displayed, enter the administrator password and the new
user password (up to fifteen characters) twice as shown here:
Enter current administrator password: {admin password}
New password:
Re-enter password:
{new user password}
{new user password}
Then press Enter. You are prompted when the password is accepted:
Password changed.
4. To save your new user password, type the SAVE DEVICE or the SAVE ALL
command:
ONcoreATM> save device
Then press Enter.
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Setting the Internal Clock
You need to set the 6416SW's 24-hour internal clock only once, when you install the
6416SW. When you set the internal clock, you establish a starting time, date, and day.
To set the internal clock, enter the SET CLOCK command and specify the time and
date parameters. Then press Enter.
For example, the following command sets the internal clock to 4:44 p.m. on September
30, 1996:
ONcoreATM> set clock 16:44 1996/ 9/3
[ENTER]
The 6416SW internal clock uses its own battery and functions even when the 6416SW
fails to operate.
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Setting Local 6416SW Parameters
The 6416SW is pre-configured with default settings that may need to be changed before
you can use the switch. To modify these 6416SW parameters, you must log on using
the system administrator password. Then use the SET command to change the values
for any of the following:
6416SW name
Contact name and location
Console prompt
Console timeout value.
A brief description of each parameter is given in the following sections. For more
detailed information, see the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command
Reference Guide.
Switch Name
In order to simplify the command parameters you need to enter to perform certain ATM
tasks, you can assign a unique name to each 6416SW. You can then use this name
instead of the IP address to identify the 6416SW.
To set a unique name for the 6416SW, enter the SET DEVICE NAME command and
press Enter.
ONcoreATM> set device name [6416SW name]
[ENTER]
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Service Contact Information
After installing and logging on to the 6416SW, you should enter the location of the
6416SW and the name of the appropriate person to contact in case of a failure in the
ATM subsystem or with the 6416SW
To do so, enter the following commands:
SET DEVICE LOCATION to specify where the 6416SW is installed
SET DEVICE CONTACT to specify the name of the service personnel to contact.
Console Prompt
3Com also recommends that you customize the prompt used by each 6416SW console.
This helps you to easily recognize the 6416SW to which you are connected when you
are logged on to a remote switch.
The default prompt is:
ONcoreATM>
Suggestion: To make it easier to recognize the 6416SW by its command prompt, set
the prompt to the name of the 6416SW used in the SET DEVICE NAME command.
See the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide for
more information.
To customize the 6416SW management prompt, use the SET TERMINAL PROMPT
command.
ONcoreATM>set terminal prompt ATM2
ATM2>
[ENTER]
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Console Timeout
The TERMINAL TIMEOUT parameter is a safety precaution that lets you specify how
long you can remain logged on to the 6416SW console without entering any data from
the keyboard. This prevents unauthorized users from accessing the 6416SW if you
forget to log off the system. If no keystroke is entered for the time period specified by
SET TERMINAL TIMEOUT, the system automatically logs you off.
The default value for SET TERMINAL TIMEOUT is . This means that no timeout
period is set and that you cannot be automatically logged off from the system.
To specify a timeout value (in minutes), use the SET TERMINAL TIMEOUT command.
ONcoreATM>set terminal timeout 2
[ENTER]
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Setting the ATM Address of the 6416SW
A default ATM address is provided with the 6416SW. You can use this default address
only for a stand-alone (isolated) 6416SW. For all other 6416SW configurations, a new
ATM address must be defined. See “Defining the ATM Address of the 6416SW” on
page 3-7 for more information.
To set the ATM address for the 6416SW, you use the SET DEVICE ATM_ADDRESS
command:
ONcoreATM> set device atm_address
[ENTER]
ONcoreATM>Enter ATM address: 39.11.FF.22.99.99.99. . . . . 1.49.11.11.11.11.
11.11.49 [ENTER]
The SET DEVICE ATM_ADDRESS command automatically saves the new address and
resets the ATM subsystem.
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Connecting ATM media Modules
After setting the ATM address, you must connect the ATM media modules to the
network. This is necessary because the factory default setting isolates them from
receiving network traffic.
To connect an ATM media module, you use the SET MODULE command:
ONcoreATM> set module 3 connected
[ENTER]
Afterwards, you can enable individual ports on the module and configure an ATM
interface for each port. This requires the SET PORT command and is described in the
next section, “Enabling ATM Ports and Interfaces” on page 5-15.
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Enabling ATM Ports and Interfaces
Before you can use the devices attached to the ATM media ports in the 6416SW, you
must enable each port and configure the type of interface used by the port to receive
and transmit ATM data. For example, to enable port 2 (‘slot’ 1) as a UNI port:
ONcoreATM> set port 1.2 enable uni
[ENTER]
You can set a port to any of the ATM interfaces:
User-to-Network (UNI)
Switch-to-Switch (SSI)
Network-to-Network (NNI).
See “Network Interfaces” on page 3-6 for more information on ATM network interfaces.
Disabling an ATM Port
You could use the SET PORT command to disable an ATM port that is connected to a
failing device as follows:
ONcoreATM> set port 1.2 disable
[ENTER]
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Setting Up Trunks (Logical Links)
To connect the 6416SW to another ATM switch, you must create a trunk using the SET
LOGICAL_LINK command.
See “Setting-Up ATM Trunk Connections” on page 3-8 for a description of the strategy
for setting up trunk links in an ATM network.
The ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide also gives
an example of the SET LOGICAL_LINK command.
Static Routes for Other Subnetworks
If a switch to which you want to connect resides in another ATM subnetwork, you must
also assign a local ATM cluster number (ACN) to the static route for that subnetwork.
The ACN you assign is used in the SET LOGICAL_LINK command to establish the
logical link between the two subnetworks.
For example, to map the static route ‘45337741531200010204’ to ACN 3:
ONcoreATM> set static_route 453377415312 1 2 4 3
[ENTER]
The static route you enter with the SET STATIC_ROUTE command can be up to 19
bytes.
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Setting SNMP Parameters
Carry out the procedures in this section only if you want to manage your ATM
subsystem from an SNMP workstation.
If you want to manage the ATM subsystem in the 6416SW from an SNMP workstation,
you may access the 6416SW through either a Classical IP subnetwork or a LAN
Emulation subnetwork.
The steps required to set the SNMP parameters depend on the type of subnetwork you
will use:
Classical IP over ATM subnetwork (IP)
Set Set IP Address and Subnetwork Mask
Set Default Gateway
Set ARP server
Set Community Table
Set Alerts
802.3 LAN Emulation over ATM subnetwork (LE)
Set LAN Emulation Client parameters (including IP Address and
Subnetwork Mask)
Set Default Gateway
Set Community Table
Set Alerts
These steps are described in the following sections.
Note: Although it is expensive, nothing prevents you from using both subnetworks at
the same time, each subnetwork being independent from the other (no communication
between them). In the latter case an ARP server and an 802.3 LES are required. A
single subnetwork must be chosen for the Default Gateway.
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IP Address and Subnetwork Mask (IP only)
In order for SNMP to run properly, every device in the network must have a unique IP
address and subnetwork mask. In a classical IP subnetwork, you must use the SET
DEVICE IP_ADDRESS command to assign a unique IP address and subnetwork mask
to the 6416SW
For example, the following command sets a unique IP address for a Classical IP over
ATM subnetwork on the 6416SW and a subnetwork mask for an ATM class C device:
ONcoreATM> set device ip_address atm 195.44.45.48 FF.FF.FF.
[ENTER]
The subnetwork mask is specific for each type of Internet class. In general, the
subnetwork mask is the group of common characters to the left of the IP address.
(These characters are also called the network ID.) The host address is the group of
unique characters to the right of the IP address.
The following command sets the subnetwork mask for an ATM class B device:
ONcoreATM> set device ip_address atm 195.44.45.48 FF.FF. .
[ENTER]
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LAN Emulation Client (LE only)
In order for SNMP to run properly, every device in the network must have a unique IP
address and subnetwork mask. In a LAN emulation subnetwork, you must use the SET
DEVICE LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT command to assign a unique IP address and
subnetwork mask to the 6416SW.
To configure the LEC, use the SET DEVICE LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT with the
following parameters:
LAN type
IP address
Subnetwork Mask
Individual MAC address
Associated LES ATM address
Notes:
1. The MAC address must be in a 802.3 format. Local and universal administrated
MAC addresses are supported.
2. The associated LES ATM address is the address of a LES monitoring the 802.3
emulated LAN. The LES must be a LE Forum compliant LES, connected to an
ONcore hub.
3. The LEC does not support a LECS connection.
4. The maximum frame size and emulated LAN name are provided by the associated
LES.
5. The SET DEVICE LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT command automatically starts the
LEC.
6. No command to stop the LEC is available.
For example, to configure the LEC with IP address 9.100.20.55:
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ONcoreATM>set device lan_emulation_client eth ip_address 9.1 .2 .55
[ENTER]
Client starting.
ONcoreATM>
After the ethparameter, the other parameters may be entered in any order.
The first time the SET DEVICE LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT ETH is used, you must
configure all four parameters before saving the configuration settings (no default values
are provided). Once the configuration settings have been saved, it is possible to change
only one parameter at a time using the SET DEVICE LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT
command.
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Default Gateway (IP & LE)
The default gateway is the IP address of the gateway that will receive and forward
packets whose addresses are unknown to the ATM subnetwork. The default gateway is
useful when sending 6416SW alert packets to a management workstation that is on a
different network and is accessible via a router.
For example, the following command defines the gateway with the address
195.44.45.26as the default gateway:
ONcoreATM> set device default_gateway 195.44.45.26
[ENTER]
ARP Server (IP only)
The ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) server is used in a classical IP over ATM
network to map IP addresses to ATM addresses. This is necessary to permit
communication between an ATM network and SNMP stations in a Classical IP
subnetwork.
The following command defines the ATM address for an ARP server:
ONcoreATM> set device arp_server 39.11.FF.22.99.99.99. . . . . 1.49.11.11.11.
11.11.11.49
[ENTER]
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Community Table (IP & LE)
The Community table defines which SNMP stations in the network can access
information from the 6416SW, and which station(s) will receive a trap from the 6416SW
when the detects an error.
To create an entry in the Community table, you use the SET COMMUNITY command.
For example, the following command specifies that a community name called ATMMGMT
with an IP address of 195.44.45.244has read-write access to the 6416SW:
ONcoreATM> set community ATMMGMT 195.44.45.244 read_write
[ENTER]
The community name parameter is case-sensitive. Be sure, therefore, to enter the
community name in uppercase or lowercase letters exactly as you want it to appear. To
display a list of existing community names, use the SHOW COMMUNITY command.
Alerts (IP & LE)
To enable or disable the function for sending alerts via SNMP traps to the 6416SW
local console and network management stations, you use the SET ALERT command.
See the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide. for
information on the different types of alerts you can enable and disable with this
command.
For example, the following command enables an alert to be sent when a configuration
change is made to the hub:
ONcoreATM> set alert change trap
[ENTER]
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Setting the LECS ATM Address
To set the ATM address of the LAN emulation configuration server (LECS) enter the
SET LAN_EMUL CONFIGURATION_SERVER command. This is to support LECs
which get their associated LES ATM address from a LECS. LECs have three possible
ways to establish a connection to the LECS:
During ILMI, the LEC gets the unicast ATM address that is available from the ILMI
MIB (atmSrvcATMAddress). LECS ATM addresses can be defined to be returned
to the LEC during ILMI exchange. These LECS ATM addresses must be defined in
all ATM switches that deal with LECs requesting the LECS ATM address from the
ILMI MIB.
The LEC connects to the LECS using the well known address. You can define an
LECS ATM address to be substituted by the well known address. This address
must be defined in all ATM switches that are dealing with LEC connection requests
referring to the well known address.
The LEC connects to the LECS using a fixed PVC with vpi.vciequal to 0.17.
When defining a PVC for virtual channel connection (VCC), the allowed range for
VCI values includes the value 17.
ONcoreATM>set lan_emul configuration_server active_wka|inactive_wka
ONcoreATM>Enter ATM address: 39.99.99.99.99.99.99. . .99.99. 1. 2. .8 . 5.A9.
92.9F.
[ENTER]
Entry set.
ONcoreATM>
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ACTIVE_WKA The LECS address table is to contain an ATM address to be
substituted to the well known address (WKA). There can be only one
ACTIVE_WKA entry in the LECS table. The ATM address you specify
will be the one selected to be substituted with the WKA (WKA active).
If an ACTIVE_WKA entry already exists in the LECS address table, it
will no longer be used as the WKA substitution address. If the
ACTIVE_WKA option is used, the latest LECS address entry
configured with ACTIVE_WKA is used to route the LECS setup to the
LECS WKA.
INACTIVE_WKA The LECS address table is to contain an ATM address which must not
be substituted for the well known address.
atm_address
The ATM address of an ATM Forum compliant LAN Emulation
Configuration Server.
Note: Any LECS ATM address configured by this command (either with ACTIVE_WKA
or INTACTIVE_WKA) is stored in the ILMI MIB 'atmSrvcATMAddress' fields and so may
be returned to LECs issuing get ILMI commands on 'atmSrvcATMAddress' fields.
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Saving Configuration Settings and Logging Off
Use the SAVE command to save the last configuration changes made to any of the
following parameters:
Alert
All
Community
Device
LAN_emul
Module_port
Static_route
Terminal
TFTP.
When you make changes with the SET command, they are activated immediately but
are not saved permanently. You must use the SAVE command in order to permanently
store the new parameter values. When the 6416SW is reset, only the parameter values
that have been permanently saved are loaded.
By entering the SAVE ALL command, you save the last configuration changes made to
all ATM parameters:
ONcoreATM> save all
[ENTER]
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To save the changes made to an individual parameter, enter the parameter name in the
SAVE command. For example, if you changed the type of interface used on an ATM
port, you would save this setting as follows:
ONcoreATM> set port 1.3 enable UNI
Port set
[ENTER]
[ENTER]
ONcoreATM> save module_port
ONcoreATM>
Note that if you changed configuration settings for the DEVICE or TERMINAL, these
values are not saved using the SAVE MODULE_PORT command. To save these
settings, you must use the SAVE DEVICE and SAVE TERMINAL commands.
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When all your configuration changes are saved, log off the console by entering the
LOGOUT command and pressing Enter. The system prompts you when you are logged
off:
ONcoreATM> logout
[ENTER]
Bye
If, when logging off, you have changed 6416SW configuration parameters but forgotten
to save them, the following message appears:
ONcoreATM> logout
[ENTER]
WARNING: Save unsaved changes before logout.
The system prompt is redisplayed. You must then either save your changes (using the
SAVE command) or cancel them (using the REVERT command) before you can log off.
Note: You can log off and keep the configuration changes you last made by entering
logout force. The forceparameter allows you to keep and reuse your current
configuration settings until you reset or reboot the 6416SW. The next time you reset or
reboot, these settings are lost.
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Working With Configuration Settings
The following sections describe how to:
Revert to previously saved configuration settings
Display the current configuration settings
Modify the current configuration settings.
Reverting Configuration Changes
Use the REVERT command to restore the configuration parameters that were active at
the time of the last SAVE. Any changes made using the SET command since the last
SAVE are lost.
The REVERT command has the same options as the SAVE command:
Alert
All
Community
Device
Module_port
Static_route
Terminal
TFTP.
For example, when working remotely, you may want to change the console prompt used
in your local 6416SW session to more easily identify it.
ONcoreATM> set terminal prompt atm2:
[ENTER]
By using the REVERT TERMINAL command, you can later revert the prompt setting
back to the default:
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atm2: revert terminal
[ENTER]
Reverting terminal configuration.
ONcoreATM>
Note that when you enter the REVERT TERMINAL command, you revert all TERMINAL
parameters, such as BAUD, DATA_BITS, HANGUP, PARITY, STOP_BITS, and
TIMEOUT.
Displaying Configuration Settings
The 6416SW lets you display your currently configured settings for:
Alerts
ATM_ESI
Clock
Community
Device
LAN_emul
Logical_link
Module
Static_route
Port
PVC
Terminal
TFTP
Trace.
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To do so, use the SHOW command. For example, to view information on the status of
the ports in the hub, use the SHOW MODULE ALL command:
ONcoreATM> show module all
[ENTER]
Slot Install Connect Operation General Information
----------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Y
n
n
Y
n
n
n
n
Y
Y
n
Y
Y
Y
Y
n
n
n
n
n
Y
n
n
n
n
Y
n
n
n
Y
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Y
n
n
n
n
Y
n
n
n
Y
n
n
n
n
-
-
-
ONcore ATM 1 Mbps UNI Module
-
-
-
-
ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module
-
-
-
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
ONcore ATM 155 Mbps Module
-
-
-
-
ONcoreATM>
The following example shows the output of a SHOW MODULE n VERBOSE for a
6404M-100 module and a 6402M-155 module.
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ONcoreATM> show module 4 verbose
[ENTER]
Slot Install Connect Operation General Information
--------------------------------------------------
4
Y
Y
Y
ONcore ATM 1 Mbps Module
status: connected / hardware OK
enable / normal
P/N: F 4FFFF EC level: G 4GGG Manufacture: I 41
Operational FPGA version : 7
Backup FPGA version : 7
Type Mode
Status
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. 1:UNI enabled UP-OKAY
4. 2:UNI enabled UP-OKAY
4. 3:SSI enabled UP-OKAY
4. 4:UNI enabled UP-NO ACTIVITY
ONcoreATM> show module 2 verbose
[ENTER]
Slot Install Connect Operation General Information
--------------------------------------------------
2
Y
Y
Y
ONcore ATM 2 Ports 155 Mbps Module
status: connected / hardware OK
enable / normal
P/N: F 2FFFF EC level: G 2GGG Manufacture: I 41
Operational FPGA version : 6
Backup FPGA version : 6
Type Mode
Status
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. 1:NNI enabled UP-OKAY
2. 2:UNI enabled UP-NO ACTIVITY
ONcoreATM>
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Modifying Configuration Settings
Using the SET command, you can change the configuration settings for any of the
following parameters:
Alert
ATM_ESI
Clock
Community
Device
LAN_emul
Logical_link
Module
Static_route
Port
PVC
Terminal
TFTP
Trace.
Important: Remember that (except for SET CLOCK, ATM_ESI, PVC, TRACE, and
LAN_EMUL CONFIGURATION_SERVER) the changes you make with the SET
command are not saved permanently in nonvolatile memory. To do so, you must use
the SAVE command before logging off. See “Saving Configuration Settings and
Logging Off” on page 5-25 for more information.
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Isolating and Reconnecting ATM Media Modules
Use the SET MODULE command to:
Isolate and reconnect ATM media modules to the ATM network.
Enable and disable ATM media modules that are connected to the network.
When you isolate an ATM media module from the network, it remains in Reset mode
and no activity takes place on it. Its current configuration settings cannot be accessed
by the network. In order to use the module for ATM data transmission, you must
reconnect it to the network and enable it.
Fault Management
The 6416SW fault management function allows the administrator to report information
on ATM media modules and ports.
For example, to display the status of all ATM ports in the 6416SW, you enter:
ONcoreATM> show port all
Port display for module ONcore ATM 1 Mbps UNI Module
Port Type Mode Status
[ENTER]
--------------------------------------
4. 1 UNI disabled UP-OKAY
4. 2 NNI enabled UP-OKAY
4. 3 UNI disabled UP-NO ACTIVITY
4. 4 UNI disabled UP-OKAY
----- more -----
Port display for module ONcore ATM 1 Mbps UNI Module
Port Type Mode
Status
--------------------------------------
12. 1 NNI enabled UP-OKAY
12. 2 UNI enabled UP-NOT IN SERVICE
12. 3 SSI disabled UP-NO ACTIVITY
12. 4 SSI disabled UP-OKAY
ONcoreATM>
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As another example, to display the complete status of ATM port 10, enter:
ONcoreATM> show port 1.1 verbose
[ENTER]
1.1 :SSI enabled UP-OKAY
SSI Bandwidth
Connector
Media
: 25
: RJ45
: none
kbps
kbps
Remote device is active
IX status
Port speed
ONcoreATM>
: IX OK
: 25
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Chapter 6. Network and
Switch Management
This chapter gives an overview of the management options for the ONcore hub:
The three methods for managing the ATM Switch/Control
Guidelines for SNMP network management
Procedures for uploading and downloading operations.
Managing the ATM Subsystem
You can manage the ATM subsystem in any of the following ways:
From an ASCII terminal with a character-based, command-line interface that is
directly connected to the RS-232 Console port on a 6416SW.
This is an inexpensive solution well-suited for a workgroup installation.
Remote login from 6416SW consoles via TELNET. Management traffic flows via
the network. You can start only one remote session on a 6416SW.
This is ideal for small and medium installations with remote occasional monitoring.
From a network management station running Transcend ONcore ATM Campus
Manager or another network management application that supports SNMP protocols
and the ONcore SNMP-compliant Management Information Base (MIB) extensions.
This is suited for medium and large installations with remote permanent monitoring.
For information on the SNMP functions supported, see “SNMP Support” on
page 6-2. For instructions on how to access the Internet library to view the
available MIB commands, see “Accessing MIB Files” on page 6-3.
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SNMP Support
In a campus environment managed by the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP), the 6416SW module acts as an SNMP agent allowing you to configure all ATM
modules in the hub using SNMP.
6416SW software contains a community table with up to ten IP addresses. Each IP
address has one of the following access attributes assigned:
Read-only
Read-write
Read-trap
Trap
All (read-write and trap).
The 6416SW module sends alerts to the IP addresses in the community table that have
either trap, read-trap, or allassigned. The 6416SW and ATM media modules can be
configured via SNMP from stations whose IP addresses have either read-writeor all
assigned. The 6416SW module can be monitored from stations whose IP addresses
have read-write, read-trap, read-only, or allassigned.
After the IP address of an SNMP station is entered in the 6416SW community table, the
6416SW module can send SNMP alarms and alerts to the SNMP station.
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Accessing MIB Files
For information on the commands that can be used to manage the ATM subsystem
from SNMP via a 6416SW module, refer to the Management Information Base (MIB)
documents for ATM.
MIB documents are available over Internet and intended to help you with
Configuration and Performance management. MIBs are stored in files on an
anonymous FTP server. The MIB files are regularly updated.
How to access the MIB files on Internet is described on page F-6.
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Security Control
To prevent unauthorized access to an ATM subsystem, the 6416SW module provides
two password levels to protect against network tampering and unauthorized access to
the 6416SW console.
The administrator password allows full use of all 6416SW commands; the user
password allows use of a limited set of 6416SW commands that does not let you
change configuration settings. See the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM
Command Reference Guide for more information.
The ports of an ATM media module are disconnected the first time you install the
module in a ONcore hub. This is an additional security feature to prevent unauthorized
access to the ATM subsystem. You must then enable the ATM ports using 6416SW
commands. All other ATM functions are set to their default values.
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Uploading and Downloading Operations
The picocode or microcode for your 6416SW and ATM media modules can be
upgraded by inband, manual, and out-of-band operations. Data such as error logs,
traces, and dumps can also be uploaded to the host. These operations are shown in
Figure 6-1.
For more information on the commands used to start these operations, see the ONcore
Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide.
Microcode Upgrade
ATM network
FPGA Upgrade
administrators
perform inband
operations.
Dumps, Traces,
and Error Log
Server
TFTP
IP over ATM or LAN Emulation
100/155 Mbps
ONcore ATM Hub
Dumps, Traces, Error Log
Microcode Upgrade
FPGA Upgrade
SLIP/TFTP
RS-232
Modem
Workstation
WAN
RS-232
Modem
Printer
Workstation
Workstation
ATM network administrators
perform out-of-band operations.
Figure 6-1. Upgrade Operations for ATM Microcode
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Inband Operations
To upgrade ATM microcode, ATM network administrators perform inband operations
from a server connected to a ONcore hub, using a workstation connected to the
6416SW module as the 6416SW console. After locating the directory where the
microcode updates are stored, log on using the administrator password and perform
one of the following operations:
Upgrade 6416SW microcode.
Upgrade hardware picocode in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) of the
6416SW and ATM media modules.
Upgrading 6416SW Microcode
To upgrade 6416SW microcode, enter the following 6416SW commands:
1. SET TFTP SERVER_IP_ADDRESS (to define the server where the microcode is
stored)
2. SET TFTP FILE_NAME (to define the path name of the file on the server)
3. SET TFTP FILE_TYPE (to specify boot or operational microcode)
4. DOWNLOAD INBAND (to load the 6416SW microcode).
5. SWAP MICROCODE (to reboot the 6416SW module with the new code).
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Upgrading FPGA Picocode in ATM Modules
To upgrade hardware picocode in the FPGA of 6416SW and ATM media modules,
enter the following commands at the directory prompt:
1. SET TFTP SERVER_IP_ADDRESS (to define the server where the picocode is
stored)
2. SET TFTP FILE_NAME (to define the file on the server)
3. SET TFTP FILE_TYPE (to specify FPGA)
4. SET TFTP TARGET_MODULE (to specify the slot number of the 6416SW or ATM
media module)
5. DOWNLOAD INBAND (to load new hardware picocode)
6. SWAP FPGA_PICOCODE (to change the picocode in the module). This causes an
automatic reset of the ATM subsystem.
Uploading Dumps
To upload a dump to the host, enter the following 6416SW commands at the directory
prompt:
1. DUMP TRS (to take a dump of the topology of the network)
2. SET TFTP SERVER_IP_ADDRESS (to define the server connected to the 6416SW
module)
3. SET TFTP FILE_NAME (to define the path name of the file on the host)
4. SET TFTP FILE_TYPE (to specify a dump)
5. UPLOAD INBAND (to upload the dump).
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Uploading Traces
To upload a trace log to the host, enter the following 6416SW commands at the
directory prompt:
1. SET TRACE (to enable and disable trace recording)
2. SET TFTP SERVER_IP_ADDRESS (to define the server connected to the 6416SW
module)
3. SET TFTP FILE_NAME (to define the path name of the file on the host)
4. SET TFTP FILE_TYPE (to specify the trace type)
5. UPLOAD INBAND (to upload the trace).
Uploading the Error Log
To upload the error log to the host, enter the following 6416SW commands at the
directory prompt:
1. SET TFTP SERVER_IP_ADDRESS (to define the server connected to the 6416SW
module)
2. SET TFTP FILE_NAME (to define the path name of the file on the host)
3. SET TFTP FILE_TYPE (to specify the error log)
4. UPLOAD INBAND (to upload the error log).
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Out-of-band Operations
ATM network administrators can upgrade 6416SW microcode (but not ATM media
modules) using an out-of-band operation with an RS-232 plug. To do this, you must
attach a workstation with an emulated VT100 protocol to the 6416SW module.
After locating the directory where the microcode updates are stored, use the workstation
as the 6416SW console. Log on using the administrator password and enter the
following commands:
1. MAINTAIN (to activate Maintenance mode)
2. DOWNLOAD OUT_OF_BAND (to specify boot or operational code and to load it in
the flash EEPROM of the 6416SW module).
Start the file transfer in the workstation using the Xmodem protocol. The transfer
takes approximately 6 minutes for the boot code, 22 minutes for the operational
code, at 9600 bps (the time is halved if the transfer is done at 19200). bps).
If you enter DOWNLOAD OUT_OF_BAND BOOT, you automatically quit
Maintenance mode and activate the new BOOT microcode.
3. BOOT (to restore normal operation), if you did not enter DOWNLOAD
OUT_OF_BAND BOOT in Step 2.
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Chapter 7.
Troubleshooting
This chapter describes how to diagnose and solve problems associated with the
installation and operation of the 6416SW and ATM media modules. Troubleshooting
operations are described according to the phase in which they are necessary.
Phase 1
Phase 2
Problems that occur during installation, after turning ON the hub, and after
resetting the ATM subsystem. This phase ends when the 6416SW
ACTIVE LED lights ON (yellow).
Problems that occur from when the ACTIVE LED lights ON (yellow) to
when all the configuration tasks described in Chapter 5, “Configuring the
ATM Switch/Control Module” on page 5-1 are complete. No ATM devices
are connected to the ports. This phase ends when the status of all ATM
media ports is NO ACTIVITY.
Phase 3
Phase 4
Problems that occur from when the ATM subsystem is successfully
configured and the 6416SW console is attached to when all ATM devices
are connected to ATM media ports in the hub. There is still no ATM traffic
in the network. This phase ends when the status of all ATM media ports
is OKAYand ATM traffic begins.
Problems that occur after all ATM devices are successfully attached to
ATM media ports and ATM traffic is started in the network. The problems
in this phase concern interruptions to the normal operation of the network.
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Phase 1: Installation and Power Problems
This section describes the troubleshooting operations for problems that occur after you
turn ON the ONcore hub and wait for the 6416SW ACTIVE LED to light ON (yellow).
“Verifying Normal 6416SW Operation” on page 2-7 describes the other LED conditions.
Phase 1 problems concern the installation tasks described in Chapter 2, “Installation”
on page 2-1 and are divided as follows:
Prerequisites for diagnosing normal operation of the ATM subsystem.
Problems indicated by the ATM media LEDs
Problems indicated by the 6416SW LEDs
Power supply problems.
After solving Phase 1 problems, the 6416SW ACTIVE LED lights ON (yellow). A yellow
ACTIVE LED indicates that the 6416SW module is ready to control the ATM subsystem
and that you can begin configuring the ATM subsystem in the ONcore hub as described
in Chapter 5, “Configuring the ATM Switch/Control Module” on page 5-1.
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Prerequisites for ATM Troubleshooting
In order to determine the cause of a problem during installation of 6416SW and ATM
media modules or after turning ON the hub:
The correct microcode must be installed.
6416SW LEDs must function properly.
6416SW and ATM media modules must be plugged into the hub.
To ensure that these conditions are satisfied, follow these steps:
1. From the Distributed Management Module (DMM), enter show module 18.1 verbose
and verify that the level of the Fault-Tolerant Controller (RCTL) code is at least
v1.01. If it is not, the hub slots in which ATM media modules are installed may not
receive power.
2. Make sure that the 6416SW and ATM media modules are properly inserted in their
slots and are plugged into the connectors in the ATM backplane of the hub.
3. Verify that all 6416SW and ATM media LEDs are functioning properly by pressing
the LED Test button on the Fault-Tolerant Controller (RCTL) module. If one or
more LEDs on a 6416SW or ATM media module do not light ON, replace the
module(s).
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Diagnosing Problems from the ATM Media LEDs
The following section details problems that can occur with ATM media modules.
WRONG SLOT LED is ON.
Explanation: Either the ATM backplane is not installed in the ONcore or the ATM
media module has been inserted in an incorrect slot.
Steps to Take:
1. Check that the backplane is installed (in the upper part of the ONcore).
2. Check that the ATM media module has not been inserted in an incorrect slot (slot 9,
10, or 11), which is reserved for ATM Switch/Control modules.
No LED is ON.
Explanation: This is the default behavior when you install an ATM media module that
has never been used; the ports are disabled so no light is on. If this is not the case,
follow the steps below.
Steps to Take:
1. Check that the module is connected to the backplane correctly. Unplug the module,
then plug it back in carefully. When you feel that the module is almost inserted, use
the levers to push it in completely. (see Figure 2-2 on page 2-4.)
2. If the ports are not enabled, check that the module is working correctly by issuing
the SHOW MODULE and SHOW PORT commands.
3. Check that the power budget has not been exceeded. Before adding a power
supply, check that this is the real cause, by issuing the SHOW POWER BUDGET
command. If a DMM module is installed, this command must be issued from the
DMM console. If necessary, add a power supply.
Refer to the 3Com ONcore Hub Installation and Operation Guide (17-00362) to see
if there is a problem associated with the power budget.
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4. Check that the power of the slot has not been disabled. Issue the command
SHOW POWER SLOT ALL to determine if that is the real cause. If this is the
cause, issue the SET POWER SLOT n ENABLE command. If a DMM module is
installed, this command must be issued from the DMM console.
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Diagnosing Problems from the 6416SW LEDs
After installing the 6416SW module, the following should occur when you turn ON the
ONcore hub:
All seven LEDs on the front panel light (ON) and then turn OFF, except for the
RUNNING LED.
The RUNNING LED stays lit (yellow).
After 7 seconds, the ACTIVE LED lights up and stays lit (yellow).
If the diagnostics are disabled, the ACTIVE LED lights up immediately and stays lit.
Some of the common problems that may arise with the 6416SW module after you turn
on the ONcore hub and the actions to take to solve them are shown below. If you find
that the ACTIVE LED still does not light ON after diagnosing these possible problems,
continue troubleshooting with “Diagnosing Problems with the Power Supply” on
page 7-9.
WRONG SLOT LED is ON.
Steps to Take:
1. 6416SW module is inserted in the wrong slot. Re-insert it in slots 9 and 10 or in
slots 11 and 12.
Note: Slots 11-12 on 17 slot models are used by the backup 6416SW. To use
them, make sure that slots 9 and 10 have a 6416SW installed.
After turning ON the hub, no LED stays lit except for the WRONG SLOT LED
which lights (ON) and then turns OFF.
Steps to Take:
1. Refer to the 3Com ONcore Switching Hub Installation and Operation Guide
(17-00362) to see if there is a problem associated with the power budget.
2. Refer to the Power Management chapter in the 3Com ONcore Distributed
Management Module User's Guide (17-00370).
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Power is ON but the RUNNING LED does not light (yellow).
Steps to Take:
1. Press the TEST LED button on the power supply module to verify that the
RUNNING LED is not burned out.
2. Verify that the 6416SW module has been installed correctly by following the
installation procedure in Chapter 2, “Installation” on page 2-1.
3. Press the ATM Reset button on the 6416SW module.
4. If the RUNNING LED still does not light, call your 3Com dealer or your 3Com
representative.
ERROR LED lit (red) to indicate a severe error.
Steps to Take:
1. Press the TEST LED button on the power supply module to verify that the
RUNNING LED is not burned out.
2. Verify that the 6416SW module has been installed correctly by following the
installation procedure in Chapter 2, “Installation” on page 2-1.
3. Press the ATM Reset button on the 6416SW module.
4. If the ERROR LED remains lit, call your 3Com dealer or your 3Com representative.
ACTIVE LED is not lit.
Steps to Take:
1. If the diagnostics are enabled and running, wait at least 7 seconds.
2. See if the 6416SW module is installed in slots 11 and 12. If it is, re-insert it in slots
9 and 10.
3. Press the TEST LED button on the power supply module to verify that the ACTIVE
LED is not burned out.
4. Verify that the 6416SW module has been installed correctly by following the
installation procedure in Chapter 2, “Installation” on page 2-1.
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5. Press the ATM Reset button on the 6416SW module.
6. If the ACTIVE LED still does not light, call your 3Com dealer or your 3Com
representative.
MAINT LED is lit and you have not entered the MAINTAIN command.
Steps to Take:
1. Make sure that the console cable is plugged into the topmost RS-232 port on the
front panel of the 6416SW module.
2. Enter the BOOT command.
MAINT LED is lit, ONcore stays in Maintenance Mode.
Steps to Take:
1. The 6416SW is badly plugged. Replug the 6416SW. When you feel that the
module is almost inserted, use the levers to push it in completely. (see Figure 2-2
on page 2-4.)
2. A pin is bent on one of the 6416SW connectors. Check the rear of the 6416SW.
3. A backplane pin is bent. Check the backplane.
4. Hardware failure on the board. Record the error code of the prompt in the
Maintenance Mode (for example, >>0020>, then refer to “Maintenance Codes” on
page C-5.
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Diagnosing Problems with the Power Supply
If, during installation or after turning ON the hub, you suspect that power is not reaching
all ATM modules in the hub, see if the problem is caused by one of the conditions
described below. If you cannot solve the problem and if the 6416SW ACTIVE LED
does not light ON, contact an 3Com service representative before configuring the ATM
subsystem.
There is a power supply failure due to poor power prioritization (configured with
the SET POWER command from the Distributed Management Module).
Steps to Take:
1. Refer to the 3Com ONcore Hub Installation and Operation Guide (17-00362).
An ATM module is not in service.
Steps to Take:
1. Use the SHOW PORT command to verify that the module's status is hardware KO
and failure.
2. Replace the module.
The power load capacity has been set to a higher value than the power supply
capability.
Steps to Take:
1. Refer to the 3Com ONcore Hub Installation and Operation Guide (17-00362).
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Phase 2: Problems During ATM Configuration
The problems in this phase occur after you turn ON the ONcore hub and the 6416SW
ACTIVE LED lights ON (yellow). This indicates that the 6416SW module is ready to
control the ATM subsystem.
Phase 2 problems concern the configuration tasks described in Chapter 5, “Configuring
the ATM Switch/Control Module” on page 5-1 and are divided as follows:
Problems concerning the operation of the 6416SW console
Problems concerning the configuration of 6416SW and ATM media modules
Problems concerning the configuration of ATM media ports.
After you solve Phase 2 problems, the status of all ATM media ports (as displayed with
the SHOW PORT command) should be NO ACTIVITY. There are still no ATM devices or
external wrap plugs attached to the ports.
If you cannot solve a Phase 2 problem and if the status of an ATM media port does not
change to NO ACTIVITY, contact an 3Com service representative before attaching an
ATM device.
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Diagnosing Problems Concerning the 6416SW Console
The following section describes the problems that may arise after attaching the local
console to the 6416SW module through the RS-232 Console port. If you find that the
problem does not concern the 6416SW console, continue troubleshooting with
“Diagnosing Problems with ATM Modules” on page 7-14.
No prompt appears on your console screen when you press ENTER.
Steps to Take:
1. Check that the RS-232 cable meets the specifications described in Appendix B,
“RS-232 Cable and Modem Requirements” on page B-1.
2. Check that the RS-232 cable is securely plugged into the 6416SW module and the
console in the correct ports.
3. The terminal parameters do not match the ONcore communications parameters.
Use Telnet to modify the terminal parameters, using the SET TERMINAL
command.
Use the SHOW DEVICE command to check the 6416SW IP address and
subnet mask, and the SET DEVICE IP_ADDRESS command to change them,
provided that the ARP-server address has already been set in the 6416SW. If
you have a DMM module installed, the above commands must be entered from
the DMM console.
4. Try using the default settings on the terminal (the default parameters are: 9600
bauds, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity). If this does not work, try different settings
until you find the right configuration.
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Characters appear on the screen but they are not legible.
Steps to Take:
1. Make sure that the attached console is an ASCII terminal.
2. Check the terminal parameters, especially the baud-rate, parity, and data bits. The
default parameters are: 9600 bauds, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity. If these
values do not work, try different settings until you find the right configuration.
3. Replace the ASCII terminal.
You cannot enter commands reserved for the ATM network administrator, or the
SET commands do not work.
Steps to Take:
1. Make sure that you are logged on as the administrator.
After you enter the first part of a 6416SW command and press the space bar, the
rest of the command is not automatically filled in.
Steps to Take:
1. Enter more letters in the command in order to distinguish it from other commands
that are written similarly. Then press the space bar again.
Random characters are lost.
Steps to Take:
1. Set the flow control on the console to XON/XOFF.
Some characters are lost when you are connected to the 6416SW module through
a modem.
Steps to Take:
1. Make sure that the STOP_BITS parameter on the console is set to 1.
7-12 ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module: Installation and User's Guide
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The passwords do not work or you forgot a password.
Steps to Take:
1. Enter forceat the password prompt. Then press the ATM Reset button on the
front panel of the 6416SW module within 3 seconds. This will reboot the 6416SW
to the factory default settings.
When you turn ON the hub, your last configuration settings are not loaded. A
different configuration is activated.
Steps to Take:
1. Re-enter the configuration settings and save them using the SAVE command.
The >> prompt appears on the screen and you have not entered the MAINTAIN
command.
Steps to Take:
1. The 6416SW module is running in maintenance mode. To return to normal
operation mode, enter the BOOT command. This resets the ATM subsystem.
The >>abcd>> prompt appears, where a,b,c,d are 4 hexadecimal digits.
Steps to Take:
1. The 6416SW entered maintenance mode because of an error, which is indicated by
the error-code prompt. Refer to “Maintenance Codes” on page C-5 for the meaning
of the code, and take the corrective steps required.
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Diagnosing Problems with ATM Modules
If the cause of a Phase 2 problem is not due to the 6416SW console connection, make
sure that all ATM modules are operational by following these steps:
1. Enter the SHOW MODULE ALL command as described in the ONcore Switching
Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide.
2. Check that each module is installed, connected, and functioning properly. Normal
operation is indicated when Yappears in the Install, Connect, and Operation
columns for all slot numbers except the row where <extension> appears. In the
row for this slot, normal operation is indicated by Yin the Installcolumn and nin
the Connectand Operationcolumns.
3. If nappears for Install, make sure that the module is properly plugged into the
backplane connectors in the hub.
If nappears for Connect, use the SET MODULE command to reconnect the module
for ATM traffic.
If nappears for Operation, the module, slot, or backplane may be faulty. Insert the
module into other slots to see if the slot or backplane is the cause.
If the problem persists, enter the SHOW MODULE VERBOSE command to display
more detailed information on the module's status.
4. If the status of the module in the SHOW MODULE VERBOSE screen is hardware
KOand permanent failure, reset the module. If the problem persists and if the
module's status does not change to hardware okayand normal, replace the module.
If the module's status continues as under recoveryfor a long time, reset the
module. If the problem persists, replace the module.
7-14 ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module: Installation and User's Guide
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Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports
If all ATM modules are operational (connected, hardware okay, and normaldisplayed
with SHOW MODULE VERBOSE), the cause of the problem may be due to an
inoperational ATM port. To see if the ATM ports on a given module are functioning
correctly, use the SHOW MODULE and SHOW PORT commands to display port status.
Any of the following types of port status may appear:
Unknown
Error
No Activity
Not In Service
Okay
Okay PVC-Only.
The problem associated with each port status (except for Okay) and the action to take
to solve it are described below.
Status: Unknown
Explanation: Port status is not available because port is not reachable.
Steps to Take:
1. Use the SHOW MODULE command to check if the ATM media module is
connected to the 6416SW module.
2. If the ATM media module is not connected, use the SET MODULE command to set
the networkparameter to connected.
If the module is connected, reset it using the RESET MODULE command.
3. The FPGA of the module is not compatible with the FPGA or microcode of the
6416SW. Check the prerequisites in the release Note..
4. If the problem persists, replace the ATM media module.
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Status: Error
Explanation: An internal error is detected on the port.
Steps to Take:
1. Reset the ATM media module using the RESET MODULE command.
2. If the problem persists, replace the ATM media module.
Status: No Activity
Explanation: No physical layer activity is detected (either there is no cable/fiber
attached, or there is no signal on the Receive cable/fiber.
Steps to Take:
1. See if the port is enabled by entering the SHOW PORT command.
2. If the port is not enabled, use the SET PORT command to set the modeparameter
to enable. li.If the port is enabled, make sure that the remote device is operational
and that its adapter is securely plugged in.
3. Make sure that the fiber/cable is securely plugged on the hub.
4. Enter the WRAP command to perform a wrap test.
5. If the wrap test result is KO, the problem is associated with the hub.
6. For SC-type connectors, check that the receive and transmit cables/fibers are not
swapped.
7. For SSI ports, make sure that you are using UTP/STP (ATM standard) cables to
interconnect between ONcore/4412SW switches.
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Status: Not In Service (UNI port)
Explanation: Physical layer activity is detected (there is a receive signal on the
Receive fiber/cable) but the remote device is not responding to ILMI polling.
Steps to Take:
1. See if the port is enabled by entering the SHOW PORT command.
2. If the port is not enabled, use the SET PORT command to set the modeparameter
to enable.
3. If the port is enabled, make sure that the remote device is operational and that its
adapter is securely plugged in.
4. Make sure that the fiber/cable is securely plugged on the hub.
5. Enter the WRAP command to perform a wrap test.
6. If the wrap test result is KO, the problem is associated with the hub.
7. The peer device does not support ILMI. Change the UNI port configuration to
suppress ILMI.
8. A PVC with VPI=0 is or was defined on that port. Release the PVC and
disable/enable the port.
9. The transmit wire/fiber of the cable is defective. Replace the cable.
10. The UNI port is defined with ILMI enabled, but the workstation connected to it has a
device driver that does not support the LECS well-known ATM address, and an
LECS address in defined in your ONcore
Check that you have an LECS address configured in your ONcore with the
command SHOW LAN_EMUL CONFIGURATION_SERVER command. If there
should not be any LECS address defined, clear it with the CLEAR LAN_EMUL
CONFIGURATION_SERVER ALL command.
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Status: Not in Service (SSI Port)
Steps to Take:
1. Use the command SHOW PORT slot.port VERBOSE command to determine the
problem.
2. There may be a problem of bandwidth availability on the module.
Spread the SSI ports over several modules.
If, after trying to solve the problem, the status of ATM media ports does not change to
OKAY, perform the Wrap test as described in the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000
ATM Command Reference Guide. If you find that the module is faulty, replace it. For
assistance, contact your 3Com service representative.
7-18 ONcore ATM Switch/Control Module: Installation and User's Guide
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Phase 3: Problems on ATM Media Ports Without
ATM Traffic
The problems in this phase occur after the status of all ATM media ports is NO ACTIVITY
and ATM devices have been attached to ATM media ports. No ATM traffic is started in
the hub.
Phase 3 problems occur because one or more ATM media ports are not functioning
properly. The aim of the troubleshooting operations in this phase is to:
Change the status of all ATM media ports to OKAY(as shown with the SHOW PORT
command) so that ATM traffic can be started in the hub.
Correct errors in ATM address registration between ATM media ports and attached
ATM devices, unless a device is operating in PVC mode.
Phase 3 problems are divided as follows:
Problems concerning ATM media ports that are attached to ATM devices
Problems with ATM address registration
Problems concerning the hardware environment.
If you cannot solve the problem and if ATM media port status does not change to OKAY,
contact an 3Com service representative before starting ATM traffic.
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Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports Attached to ATM Devices
After you attach ATM devices to ATM media ports, the status of the ports may still not
change to OKAY(ready for ATM traffic). To diagnose this type of Phase 3 problem,
follow these steps:
1. Use the SHOW PORT VERBOSE command (described in the ONcore Switching
Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide) to display the status of each
port.
2. If the status of an SSI or UNI port is NOT IN SERVICE:
Refer to “Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports” on page 7-15.
Make sure that the attached ATM device is operating properly (for example, the
daemon is running).
Check the ATM address registration as described in “Checking ATM Address
Registration” on page 7-22.
Perform the the Wrap test as described in the WRAP EXTERNAL command in
the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide If
the test results show that the port status is KO, replace the module.
3. If the status of a port is NO ACTIVITYand if a Turboways* 100Mbps workstation is
attached to the port, make sure that the device is correctly installed:
Refer to “Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports” on page 7-15.
Make sure that the adapter is securely plugged into the port.
Make sure that the cable is securely plugged into the adapter.
Make sure that the device driver is correctly installed by de-installing it and
re-installing a new one.
4. If the status of a UNI port is Okay PVC-Only, make sure that the ATM address of the
attached device supports the ATM address registration of the UNI port.
Important: When a port's status is Okay PVC-Only, only PVC connections are
supported.
If the UNI port is attached to another hub or switch, you may prefer to define the
port as an SSI or NNI port, to be able to establish SVCs.
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For SSI ports, the bandwidth allocated must be the same at both ends of the trunk.
5. If the status of an SSI port is ACN mismatch, make sure that the hub belongs to the
same ATM cluster as the attached device. Enter the SHOW DEVICE command to
check the configured ATM address.
6. If the status of an SSI port is Misconfigured, make sure that the device is attached
to an SSI port.
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Checking ATM Address Registration
If you suspect that a Phase 3 problem is due to faulty ATM address registration
between a ONcore hub and an attached ATM device, follow these steps:
1. Enter the SHOW PORT command to make sure that the ATM media port is
configured with a UNI interface. If not, enter the SET PORT command and specify
unifor the interface parameter.
2. Make sure that the attached device supports the ATM network prefix used by the
ONcore hub.
To display the network prefix, enter the SHOW DEVICE command and note the
leftmost thirteen bytes of the hub's ATM address. (See Appendix E, “ONcore ATM
Address Formats” on page E-1 for more information.)
Check the ATM network prefix supported by the device. If it is different from the
prefix set for the hub, use the SET DEVICE ATM_ADDRESS command to change
the hub's ATM address so that its network prefix is the same as the network prefix
used by the ATM device. Be sure to reconfigure the ATM address of other ONcore
hubs that are also attached to the hub.
3. Make sure that the device supports ATM address registration. To check whether
the device registered its ATM address, use the command SHOW ATM_ESI. If, for
example, the port on the ATM device is configured as Okay PVC-Only, the device
supports only PVC connections.
4. Make sure that the device is not using a protocol for ATM address registration that
is incompatible with the protocol used by the ONcore hub.
5. Contact your 3Com service representative.
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Diagnosing Problems in the Hardware Configuration
If you suspect that a Phase 3 problem is due to a problem in your hardware
configuration (for example, using a LAN Emulation server, ONsemble ATM 25 Mbps
Concentrator, 25Mbps client, and so on), check the following:
If the attached device is an ONsemble ATM 25 Mbps Concentrator, enter the
SHOW PORT command to see if the port's status is OKAY. If the status is not OKAY,
follow the steps in “Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports” on page 7-15.
If a trap or error message is displayed on the client when you start the ONcore hub,
enter the SHOW PORT command to make sure that the ATM media port's status is
OKAY. If the status is not OKAY, restart the client.
If the port's status does not change to OKAY, run a trace by entering the SET
TRACE and UPLOAD INBAND commands. Then contact your 3Com service
representative.
Use the MIB browser or the ATM Campus Manager for AIX Version 1 to make sure
that the client addresses are configured in the ONcore hub's ATM address table.
If the ATM media port's status does not change to OKAY, contact your 3Com service
representative.
If the attached device is a LAN Emulation server (LES), make sure that it is
installed and running properly, and that:
– The status of the port that connects the LES to the ONcore hub is OKAY.
– The LES is configured with the ATM network prefix used by the ONcore hub.
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Phase 4: Problems with Normal ATM Operation
The problems in this phase occur after ATM traffic is started in the network between
ATM devices attached to ATM media ports. The ATM port status is OKAY.
Important: Problems in the normal operation of your ATM subnetwork may occur
when the maximum number of virtual connections (VCs) allowed on a ONcore hub or
an individual ATM media module is exceeded. The maximum number of virtual
connections supported is as follows:
3000 per ONcore hub
992 per ATM media module (with up to 992 VCs per ATM media port).
The aim of the troubleshooting operations in Phase 4 is to restore normal operation to
the network so that ATM traffic can continue.
If you cannot solve the problem after performing the troubleshooting operations
described in this section, contact your 3Com service representative.
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ONcore Cannot PING the ARP Servers and Vice-versa
Use the SHOW DEVICE command and look at the Q2931 cause:
Cause Code: 31
Explanation: The IP address of the hub is not in the same IP subnet as the ARP
server.
Steps to Take:
1. Change the IP address or IP subnet mask of the ONcore hub.
Cause Code: 1
Explanation: A wrong ARP server address was entered with the SET DEVICE
ARP_SERVER command, or the port of the ARP server is NOT IN SERVICE or NO
ACTIVITY status.
Steps to Take:
1. Check that the port attached to the ARP server is OKAY, then check that the ATM
address shown by the ARP server is exactly the same as the one entered in the
ONcore hub (by entering the SHOW DEVICE command).
Cause Code: 3
Steps to Take: If the ARP server is in the same cluster (SSI links):
1. An SSI port has not enough bandwidth. Having several SSI ports on the module
may reach the bandwidth limit.
Spread the SSI ports over several modules.
2. The ATM address of an ONcore hub located on the PING path has been changed.
Disable the SSI link and re-enable it.
If the above does not solve the problem, take a TRS dump (with the DUMP TRS
command), and contact your 3Com representative.
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Cause Code: 3
Steps to Take: If the ARP-server is in another cluster (NNI links):
1. The NNI network-side/user-side definition rules have not been applied.
Check that one side of the NNI link is defined as user, and that the other side is
defined as network.
2. No logical-link has been defined for the NNI port.
Define the logical link, using the SET LOGICAL_LINK command.
3. The peer logical links do not match (bad vpi match, bad cluster match, bad
bandwidth match).
Check that the logical links on both sides do match, and if necessary, clear those
logical links are re-define them.
4. No static route has been defined, if the ONcore and the ARP-server are in different
ATM subnetworks.
Define the static routes using the SET STATIC_ROUTE command.
5. A static route was badly configured.
Check the static routes, using the SHOW STATIC_ROUTE command.
6. The VP-tunnel is defective.
Ask your VP-tunnel provider to test it.
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ONcore Hub Cannot PING an ARP Client
Steps to Take: Check if the ONcore hub can ping the ARP server. If not, then see
“ONcore Cannot PING the ARP Servers and Vice-versa” on page 7-25. If it can ping
the server:
1. The port of the ARP client is not OKAY.
Check that the port of that ARP client is enabled. If it is enabled, and not OKAY,
then the problem comes from the ARP client or from the cable attached to it.
2. The ARP client is not registered in the ARP server.
Check that the ARP client has TCP/IP running, and that the address configured for
its ARP server is correct.
3. If the ONcore hub and the ARP client are not in the same IP subnet, there may be
a Gateway definition problem.
Check the Default Gateway addresses in both machines. In general, they
correspond to one common gateway.
4. The SVC between the ONcore hub and the ARP client cannot be established.
Check the Clear-Log Table in the Transcend ONcore ATM Campus Manager ATM
(ATMC) to see the cause of the failure.
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ONcore LEC Cannot PING another Client and Vice-versa
Steps to Take:
1. Check that the port of the LEC is enabled. If it is enabled, and not OKAY, then the
problem comes from the LEC or from the cable attached to it.
2. The LEC does not support the same Ethernet type as the ONcore LEC.
Check that the LEC is emulating IEEE 802.3
Ethernet frames.
3. If the ONcore LEC and the other LEC are not in the same IP subnet, there may be
a Gateway definition problem.
Check the Default Gateway addresses in both machines. In general, they
correspond to one common gateway.
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ARP Client Cannot PING the ARP Server
Steps to Take:
1. The IP address of the client is not in the same subnet as the ARP server.
Re-define the IP address of the ARP client so that it is in the same subnet as the
ARP server IP address.
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Two Devices Using IP Over a PVC Cannot Ping Each Other
Steps to Take:
1. If the PVC is not active, make sure that the PVC is 'in-service' from ATMC or
'active' (from the terminal). If not, then try to re-enable that PVC.
2. The hardware connections may be failing, in which case replug the cables attached
to the devices.
3. If the source and destination IP addresses are not in the same IP subnet, check
both IP addresses. Change them so that they belong to the same IP subnet.
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ONcore LEC Cannot Initialize to the LES/BUS
Use the SHOW DEVICE command and look at the subnet lan emulationstatus
message:
Abnormal Termination: LES connection cleared. ATM Forum cause
xx:
The LEC automatically tries to reconnect to the LES/BUS when the connection is lost. It
will try to reconnect every 5 seconds, 5 times, and thereafter every 1 minute.
Cause Code: 1
Explanation: A wrong LES address was entered using the SET DEVICE
LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT command (les_atm_addressparameter), or the port
attached to the LES is not in service.
Steps to Take:
1. Check is the port status is UP-OKAY(via the SHOW PORT command), then check
that the LES ATM address is exactly the same as the one entered in the ONcore.
Cause Code: 3
Steps to Take:
If the LE server is in the same cluster (SSI links):
1. An SSI port has not enough bandwidth. Having several SSI ports on the
module may reach the bandwidth limit. Spread the SSI ports over several
modules.
2. The ATM address of an ONcore hub located on the PING path has been
changed.
Disable the SSI link and re-enable it.
If the above does not solve the problem, take a TRS dump (with the DUMP TRS
command), and contact your 3Com representative.
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If the LE server is in another cluster (NNI links):
1. The NNI network-side/user-side definition rules have not been applied.
Check that one side of the NNI link is defined as user, and that the other side is
defined as network.
2. No logical-link has been defined for the NNI port.
Define the logical link, using the SET LOGICAL_LINK command.
3. The peer logical links do not match (bad vpi, cluster, or bandwidth match).
Check that the logical links on both sides do match, and if necessary, clear
those logical links are re-define them.
4. No static route has been defined, if the ONcore hub and the LE server are in
different ATM subnetworks.
Define the static routes using the SET STATIC_ROUTE command.
5. A static route was badly configured.
Check the static routes, using the SHOW STATIC_ROUTE command.
6. The VP-tunnel is defective.
Ask your VP-tunnel provider to test it.
Cause Codes: 16/31
Explanation: The connection has been voluntarily rejected the LE server. The reason
depends on LE server implementation.
Cause Codes: 18/102
Explanation: The LE server is present, but not started.
Cause Code: 47
Explanation: There may be a lack resources on the LE server side preventing
connection to it.
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LAN Emulation JOIN failed. ATM Forum LE status xx:
When this message occurs, the LEC is stopped. To restart the LEC, enter the SET
DEVICE LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT ETH command (the additional parameters will
automatically retain their previous values). For more information, see the ONcore
Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide.
Cause Cod: 1
Explanation: The LE version for the LEC is not compatible with the LES/BUS version.
Cause Code: 2
Explanation: The ONcore LEC parameters are incompatible with the LES/BUS. For
example, the emulated LAN type of the ONcore LEC (IEEE 802.3) does not correspond
to that of the LES.
Steps to Take:
1. Change the LES ATM address to reach a LES with the same LAN type (IEEE
802.3).
Cause Code: 4
Explanation: The same MAC address is already registered to the LES.
Steps to Take:
1. Change the ONcore hub MAC address (with the SET DEVICE
LAN_EMULATION_CLIENT command), or deregister the LEC with the same MAC
address from the LES.
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Administrative Problems (Netview/SNMP/Telnet)
This section details problems occuring during the administration of your ONcore hub
(PING,Telnet,TFTP,SNMP/ATMC).
PING: Your ONcore hub cannnot ping your management station.
Steps to Take:
1. Since all the management services are running over IP, you have to ensure that
your ONcore hub can ping the destination station where you will run either Telnet,
the TFTP daemon (TFTP server), or the SNMP manager (ATMC). If the ping fails,
see previous sections on ping failures in Classical IP or LAN emulation networks.
Telnet: You cannot Telnet to your ONcore hub from your management station.
Steps to Take:
1. If the ping does not work, see previous sections on ping failures.
2. Someone is already logged on the ONcore hub by another Telnet session. It is not
possible to have more than one Telnet session per ONcore hub.
To know from which station the other Telnet session is active, use the ATMC SVC
Tracking tool to determine at least which SVCs are connected to the internal port of
the ONcore hub (interface 1). You will then know the ATM addresses of the remote
ends, as well as the ONcore hub ports to which they are connected to.
Note: It is recommended to set the Terminal Timeout parameter to a non-zero
value, to force Telnet sessions to close themselves after some inactivity.
TFTP: Upload fails from your ONcore hub
Explanation: The upload can be done either from the terminal console (console or
Telnet) or from the SNMP Manager (ATMC or MIB Browser).
Before performing any upload, make sure that the machine hosting the TFTP server can
ping the ONcore hub.
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When an upload fails, an error code is returned. That error code can be different
between the terminal dialog and the ATMC/MIB browser, which is why both return
codes are documented.
Note: When the upload fails from the terminal dialog (console or Telnet), check the
return code by using the SHOW TFTP command.
Steps to Take:
1. Messages: Error/generic error..Host Access Violation...Access Rights
Violation/access-rights-violation...File already exists/file-already exits..
The file that you want to upload already exists on the target machine, and is
read-only.
Change the attributes of the file on the target machine or change the name of
the file to be uploaded.
You are trying to upload to a directory that is not uploadable by TFTP.
If your target host runs AIX or Unix, use the directory /tmp, or configure the file
/etc/tftpaccess.ctl with lines beginning with 'allow:'. (check the documentation of
the daemon/server TFTPD. If you use another operating system (OS/2 or
others), configure the TFTP daemon on that system to accept uploads in the
desired directory.
You are trying to upload a file that can only be downloaded (operational code,
boot code, or FPGA picocode).
Check the file type of the file to be uploaded.
2. Messages: Cannot connect to Host/no-response-from-host.
Check that you can ping the host from the ONcore hub. If the ping fails, see
the previous sections on ping failures.
3. Message: Connection lost/connection-lost.
The SVC connection between the ONcore hub and the host has been cleared
during the file transfer. Retry the upload. Look at all the Clear Tables of all
intermediate ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000s that are on the path between your
ONcore hub and the host. To do that, use the ATMC Control Panel (Statistics)
and choose 'node' and 'Call-Logging' for all the intermediate ONcore
hub/CELLplex 4000s.
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4. Message: File not found/file-not-found.
You tried to upload without specifying the name of the file to be uploaded.
Specify the name of the file.
5. Message: File too big/file-too-big.
There is no space left on the server. Check that space is made available before
retrying the upload.
TFTP: Download Inband fails from your ONcore hub
Explanation: The download inband can be done either from the terminal console
(console or Telnet) or from the SNMP Manager (ATMC or MIB Browser).
Before performing any download, make sure that the machine hosting the TFTP server
can ping the ONcore hub.
When an download fails, an error code is returned. That error code can be different
between the terminal dialog and the ATMC/MIB browser, which is why both return
codes are documented.
Note: When the download fails from the terminal dialog (console or Telnet), check the
return code by using the SHOW TFTP command.
1. Messages: Error/generic error..Host Access Violation...Access Rights
Violation/access-rights-violation...File already exists/file-already exits..
The file that you want to download does not have read permission for TFTP.
Change the attributes of the file on the host.
You are trying to download to a directory that is not downloadable by TFTP.
If your source host runs AIX or Unix, use the directory /tmp, or configure the file
/etc/tftpaccess.ctl with lines beginning with 'allow:'. (check the documentation of
the daemon/server TFTPD. If you use another operating system (OS/2 or
others), configure the TFTP daemon on that system to accept downloads in the
desired directory.
You are trying to download a file that can only be uploaded (traces, error-log,
dumps).
Check the file type of the file to be downloaded.
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2. Message: Cannot connect to Host/no-repsonse-from-host.
Check that you can ping the host from the ONcore hub. If the ping fails, see
the previous sections on ping failures.
3. Message: Connection lost/connection-lost.
The SVC connection between the ONcore hub and the host has been cleared
during the file transfer. Retry the download. Look at all the Clear Tables of all
intermediate ONcore hub/4412SWs that are on the path between your ONcore
and the host. To do that, use the ATMC Control Panel (Statistics) and choose
'node' and 'Call-Logging' for all the intermediate ONcore hub/4412SWs.
4. Message: File not found/file-not-found.
You tried to download without specifying the name of the file to be downloaded.
Specify the name of the file.
You tried to download a file that does not exist on the host. Check that you
have not misspelled the name (blank spaces are treated as normal characters).
5. Message: File too big/file-too-big.
You tried to download an operational code to the boot sector of the ONcore.
Check the filetype for the download, and check the file name of the file to be
downloaded.
6. Messages: Bad file header/Cannot interpret file/invalid-file-header.
You tried to download a file that is not downloadable. If the source file name is
correct, and it was obtained by FTP, it might have been transferred in ASCII
mode instead of binary. Check the size of your downloadable file, and compare
it with the theoretical size provided by your 3Com Service. If the size is correct,
contact your 3Com representative.
7. Message: Checksum Error/Packet error/checksum-error.
there has been a problem during the transfer.
Download the file again.
A byte is corrupted in the source file.
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either get a new source (re-install the source file from your installation
package), or, if it fails again, contact your 3Com Service or 3Com
representative.
8. Message: Flash memory failure/hardware-error.
Try to download several times. If it always fails, contact your 3Com
representative.
9. Message: Target Blade Mismatch.
You tried to download FPGA picocode that is incompatible with the target
module number. Check the type of module (6404M-100, 6402M etc.) and the
TFTP parameter.
ATM hub cannot restart after a download inband operation is performed and
TFTP-supported services are operational.
Steps to Take:
1. Use the DOWNLOAD OUT_OF_BAND command to load the microcode that was
previously active. Then restart the hub.
2. If the hub still does not start, replace the 6416SW module in the hub.
3. Contact your 3Com service representative.
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Communication Problems in an IBM LAN Emulation Environment
This section details the problems that may occur during the setup of the IBM LAN
emulation environment. Such an environment may include concentrators (ONsemble
ATM Workgroup Concentrator) and bridges (4404B), the external IBM LAN Emulation
Server (LES), workstations (WS), ATM Workgroup Switches (4412SW), and the ONcore
hubs.
A workstation/bridge cannot connect to another workstation/bridge.
Steps to Take:
1. Using the LES monitor, check in the list of registered end stations that both
workstation/bridge addresses are present. If you do not know the ATM addresses of
your workstation bridge, use the ATMC Interface Configuration panel for the ports
attached to your workstation/bridge. If both addresses are registered in the LES,
then proceed to point 2).
If one workstation/bridge address is missing, then use the Call Status History
provided by the LES monitor to get the Q2931 cause of the failing call. The missing
station/bridge has probably a wrong LES ATM address defined in its configuration.
Check the missing station's configuration.
2. Both workstation/bridges are registered to the LES, but one cannot call the other
one, because the LES is not available any more (port disabled, or not-in-service).
The LES does not tell you that it has lost its address, because it only tells that once
the connection to the ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000 is returned.
Check that the LES cable is well plugged, then check that the LES port is enabled.
If it stays enabled and not-in-service, then the LES is faulty. Contact your 3Com
representative for investigation, or re-boot the LES.
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LES Monitor Statistics: Default Vccs counter oscillating, too few registered
workstations.
Steps to Take:
Explanation: The workstation knows its ATM address, but that address has been
de-registered at the Switch/Control-point level. This happens when the workstation is
behind a concentrator (ONsemble ATM Workgroup Concentrator) that has been
disconnected from the switch for a short time.
Note: You can check whether the station is registered in the ONcore by using the
command SHOW ATM_ESI.
1. Wait a few minutes for the new registration to take place.
Clear Table: a lot of SVCs were cleared with Clause 31.
Explanation:
A high-bandwidth (100 Mbps or 155 Mbps) workstation or bridge has tried to call a
low-bandwidth workstation (25 Mbps). The call was rejected by the low-bandwidth
workstation because the bandwidth specified in the Q2931 parameters (even for a
UBR call) was too large. This is normal.
The source or bridge retried to call the destination station with a lower
bandwidth/bit-rate successfully. No action required.
Some ATM stations cannot talk to LAN stations behind PARALLEL bridges.
Explanation:
The 4404B bridge has a limitation of 256 ATM connections. One would think that
multiplying the number of 4404B bridges (in parallel) would multiply the number of
available connections. Doing so will lead to the problem that only 256 stations can
immediately establish connections with the bridges.
In a configuration with parallel 4404B bridges (bridges registered to the same LAN
Emulation Server, and connected to the same LAN), there may be collisions in
terms of connections. Indeed, when an ATM station calls a LAN station behind the
4404B bridges, each 4404B bridge will respond by establishing a connection to the
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originating ATM station. In a network where the number of ATM stations exceeds
256, which is the maximum number of SVCs per 4404B, some stations will not be
able to connect until the bridges clear their SVCs that are unused (aging out
process).
Steps to Take:
1. Wait up to 4 minutes (aging time on the 4404B bridge), or avoid parallel bridging.
LES Monitor: after 3 minutes, the workstation is de-registered from the LES (valid
only for IBM proprietary LAN emulation).
Explanation: The workstation did not send the re-registration message within 3
minutes.
Steps to Take:
1. Ensure that the port for the workstation is connected properly.
2. Ensure that the cable between the ONcore and the workstation is connected
properly.
3. Shutdown, then power off the workstation and restart.
If the problem persists, contact your workstation/adapter supplier.
In a multi Token-ring bridges configuration, a Token-ring bridge cannot register to
the LES. (valid only for IBM proprietary LAN emulation).
Explanation: Different ring numbers are assigned to the ATM ports of two bridges
connected to the same LES.
Steps to Take:
1. Check the ring numbers of the ATM ports of all the bridges attached to the same
LES; these numbers should be equal. Change them if necessary.
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LES Monitor: Bridge is on General Multicast Tree, but not on Bridge Multicast
Tree. (valid only for IBM proprietary LAN emulation).
Explanation: The bridge did not send its route descriptors to the LES.
Steps to Take:
1. The bridge is faulty. Contact your 3Com representative.
At workstation reboot: the ATM adapter initialization failed.
Explanation: The switch or concentrator port attached to the workstation is not
enabled, or is not a UNI port.
Steps to Take:
1. From the console, or from the SNMP Manager (ATMC), enable the corresponding
port as a UNI port.
A station cannot register to an LES located behind a WAN (VP-tunnel).
Explanation:
Some of the connections through the VP tunnel work, but not all, especially the
ADD_PARTY to put the stations on the LES Multicast Tree. The ONcore
hub/CELLplex 4000 error-log is full of messages like 'Invalid Message Length'.
The WAN (public network providing the VP-tunnel) uses the VCI=5 for its own
purposes, and there is a conflict with the ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000 which also
uses VCI=5 (ATM-Forum Signalling VCI).
Steps to Take:
1. Ask your public network provider if they use the VCI=5. If necessary, put an ATM
device between the WAN and the ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000 to do the translation
of Signalling VCI to a value other than 5.
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No Traffic in a Client Environment.
Steps to Take:
1. Make sure that each LES client does not have more than 12 virtual connections.
Problems between two LAN-emulated stations, or between a LAN-emulated
station and a LAN station located behind a bridge (valid only for IBM proprietary
LAN emulation).
Steps to Take:
1. For performance problems, first consider the frame sizes defined at the workstation
level and at the bridge level.
2. For connection problems, first consider the Transcend ONcore ATM Campus
Manager and LAN emulation server, which can provide you with a lot of information
through the LES monitor.
if you know neither the emulated MAC addresses of the stations nor the ATM
addresses of these stations, use the ATMC Interface Configuration panel to get
their ATM addresses.
Once you know either the ATM addresses or emulated MAC addresses of the
stations, look at the Registered End-systems window of the LES monitor and
check that your stations are registered.
Once you know which station is NOT registered, record its ATM address and
look at the Call Status History window of the LES monitor. You should find a
recorded call from that ATM address that failed for a certain 'cause X, reason Y'.
The cause Xshows you the Q2931 cause of the failure. Refer to “Q.2931 Error
Codes for Clear Causes” on page C-2.
If you not find any call from that ATM address, that station has not been able to
reach the LES. Use the ATMC Statistics Control Panel to open the Clear Table
of the ONcore/4412SW directly attached to the failing station (select 'Node' and
'Call Logging'). That table should have entries with a source ATM address being
the one of the failing station. You will get a Q2931 cause of the failure. Refer
to “Q.2931 Error Codes for Clear Causes” on page C-2.
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Other Problems
Cannot create a PVC between two ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000s located in
different clusters.
Explanation:
This is normal. The ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000 does not allow the creation of
PVCs over network-to-network (NNI) links.
You have created two different PVCs, each one ending at the NNI port.
Note: Make sure that the VPI used by the PVC on the NNI port corresponds to the
one of the logical link defined on that port.
ATM server/token-ring client's applications fail: frames are lost. Token-ring clients
located behind a Token-ring/ATM bridge can connect to an ATM server, but the
applications/sessions keep failing, while clients connected directly to ATM have
no problems.
Explanation: The frame size on the ATM server is larger than the maximum frame
size allowed by the bridge.
Steps to Take:
1. Change the MAX_FRAME_SIZE on the ATM server to the maximum value allowed
by the bridge (8281 max frame size should be 8939 bytes).
Note: You may have to change the MAXDATARCV parameter of the OS/2
token-ring NETBIOS clients to 4168 in the PROTOCOL.INI file.
ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000 Terminal/Telnet very slow or Ping to ONcore
hub/CELLplex 4000 very slow.
Explanation: The ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000 is congested by Signalling Calls.
Steps to Take:
1. If you cannot be in front of the ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000, perform a remote login
using Telnet. First make sure that the trace is not active, then disable the ports one
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at a time until the Telnet session gives a normal response time. The last port that
you disabled should be the one through which the congesting calls were coming.
2. If you can be in front on the ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000, log on to the console,
make sure that the trace is not active, then if the ATM switch is an ONcore, look at
the traffic LEDs and disable the for which the traffic LED is constantly lit. If your
ATM switch is a CELLplex 4000, disable the high-bandwidth port.
When there is congestion, it is often due to the failure of a major ATM component (ARP
server, LAN emulation server, switch down, public network down, file server down). You
have to determine which of these ATM components failed.
Problems of ATM connections/performance through a WAN (VP tunnel).
Steps to Take:
1. Check the Switch configurations at both sides:
check that the VPI corresponds to the VPI provided by your network provider.
check that the bandwidth is lower or equal to the Maximum Peak Rate
negotiated with your network provider.
The actual bandwidth used by your media modules is the maximum one (155 Mbps
for a 6402M module, 100 Mbps for a 6404M-100 module etc.), even if a lower value
is specified with the SET_LOGICAL_LINK command.
check that one NNI port on one side is defined as 'network-side' and that the
NNI port on the other side is defined as 'user-side'.
if you are using single mode 6402M modules, you probably have to define the
clocking as external, using the SET PORT command (the clock is usually
provided by the WAN). In addition, if you have a CELLplex 4000 or an ONcore
hub with a microcode version greater than 2.0, you have to specify the type of
network (SONET or SDH) at the end of the SET PORT command.
2. If the previous steps did not help, then you require an ATM Analyzer for the
following tests:
Hardware wrap test through the WAN up to the media module, install the ATM
Analyzer at one side of the WAN, and the ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000 at the
other. Disable your NNI port, and enter the command WRAP slot.port
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REPLY_MODE ENABLE. Your NNI port is now redirecting Received Cells to
the transmit side. Now, from the ATM Analyzer, generate traffic on the VCI=5,
and compare the outgoing cells with the incoming cells. If some cells are lost or
corrupted, contact your public network provider. When you are finished, enter
the command WRAP slot.port REPLY_MODE DISABLE.
Hardware wrap test through the WAN up to the media module, install the ATM
Analyzer at one side of the WAN, and the ONcore hub/CELLplex 4000 at the
other. Enable your NNI port, and create a PVC from the VCI=x to a VCI=y on
the same port, using the command SET PVC. Check that the PVC is active
using the command SHOW PVC ALL. Now, from your ATM Analyzer, generate
traffic on the VCI=x, and compare it with the received cells on the VCI=y. If
some cells are lost or corrupted, contact your 3Com representative.
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ATM Connection Problems
No Connection between Two ATM Hub in the Same Cluster
Steps to Take:
1. Use the SHOW PORT command to:
Make sure that the ATM media port at each end of the connection is configured
with an SSI interface. If not, use the SET PORT command and specify SSIas
the interface parameter.
Make sure that the the status of each port is OKAY. If not, follow the procedure
described in “Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports Attached to ATM Devices”
on page 7-20.
2. Make sure that the bandwidth specified is the same at both ends of the trunk.
3. Contact your 3Com service representative.
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No Connection Between Two ATM Clusters in the Same Subnetwork
Steps to Take:
1. Use the SHOW PORT command to:
Make sure that the ATM media port at each end of the connection is configured
with an NNI interface. If not, use the SET PORT command and specify NNIas
the interface parameter.
Make sure that the status of each port is OKAY. If not, follow the procedure
described in “Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports Attached to ATM Devices”
on page 7-20.
2. Use the SHOW DEVICE command to:
Make sure that the ATM address of each hub is configured with the same
Routing Domain number (RDN).
Make sure that each boundary hub is configured with a different ATM Cluster
number (ACN).
3. Use the SHOW LOGICAL_LINK command to make sure that the logical link settings
of the ATM media port on each boundary hub are correctly configured.
4. Contact your 3Com service representative.
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No Connection Between Two ATM Subnetworks
Steps to Take:
1. Use the SHOW PORT command to:
Make sure that the ATM media port at each end of the connection is configured
with an NNI interface. If not, use the SET PORT command and specify NNIas
the interface parameter.
Make sure that the status of each port is OKAY. If not, follow the procedure
described in “Diagnosing Problems with ATM Ports Attached to ATM Devices”
on page 7-20.
2. Use the SHOW LOGICAL_LINK command to make sure that the logical link settings
of the ATM media port on each boundary hub are correctly configured.
3. Use the SHOW DEVICE command to make sure that the network prefixes and
logical ATM cluster number are correctly configured for the boundary hub in each
subnetwork.
4. If the connection is over a VP service provider, refer to your contract with the VP
service provider to make sure that certain settings (for example, VP identifier) are
correct.
5. Contact your 3Com service representative.
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Using 6416SW Trap Messages
A trap message is sent to the 6416SW local console when a configuration change is
made or when an error occurs in the ATM subsystem.
For example, if an ATM module is removed from a ONcore hub, a message describing
this change is sent to the console. A sample message is shown here:
Change trap on module 2
The first field in the trap message is described in Table 7-1. The other fields of
information that can appear are self-explanatory and depend on the type of trap
received.
Table 7-1. 6416SW Trap Messages
Field
Contents
Enterprise Specific Trap
One of the following messages appears:
Configuration Change in System
Configuration Change in Module X
Configuration Change in Port X.Y
Hello
Authenticity Failure from
Manager X
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Contacting Your 3Com Service Representative
To get technical help to solve installation and operation problems with the ATM
subsystem in a ONcore hub, call your local 3Com Customer Support center.
Depending on the phase in which the problem occurs, an 3Com service engineer will
ask you to write down all or parts of the information listed in the following sections.
Troubleshooting Phase 1 and Phase 2 Problems
To troubleshoot Phase 1 and Phase 2 problems, an 3Com service engineer needs the
following information:
Types and slot numbers of all modules installed in the hub, displayed by entering
the SHOW MODULE ALL VERBOSE command (if possible).
ONcore hub information configured using Distributed Management Module (DMM)
commands and displayed by entering the SHOW DEVICE, SHOW HUB, SHOW
MODULE ALL, and SHOW MODULE VERBOSE commands (if possible).
ONcore hub information configured using 6416SW commands and displayed by
entering the SHOW DEVICE, SHOW HUB (if DMM module not installed), SHOW
MODULE ALL, SHOW MODULE VERBOSE, and SHOW PORT ALL commands (if
possible).
Type and characteristics of each ATM device attached to the hub.
ON/OFF condition and color of the LEDs on each module installed in the hub.
Last 6416SW commands entered from the local console
Error log information uploaded to the host by entering the UPLOAD command. In
order to upload the error log, you must use a TFTP file server in IP over ATM or
LAN emulation mode. See the ONcore Switching Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM
Command Reference Guide for more information.
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Troubleshooting Phase 3 Problems
To troubleshoot Phase 3 problems, an 3Com service engineer needs the information
listed in this section. In order to record trace information, follow these steps:
1. Use a TFTP file server in IP over ATM or LAN emulation mode.
2. Reproduce the problem and activate the trace by entering set trace main_trace
onor set trace trs_trace on, as requested by the 3Com service engineer.
3. Stop the trace by entering the SET TRACE command and specifying off.
For more information on the SET TRACE command, see the ONcore Switching
Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide.
Types and slot numbers of all modules installed in the hub, displayed by the SHOW
MODULE ALL VERBOSE command.
ONcore hub information configured using Distributed Management Module (DMM)
commands and displayed by entering the SHOW DEVICE, SHOW HUB, SHOW
MODULE ALL, and SHOW MODULE VERBOSE commands.
ONcore hub information configured using 6416SW commands and displayed by
entering the SHOW DEVICE, SHOW HUB (if DMM module not installed), SHOW
MODULE ALL, SHOW MODULE VERBOSE, and SHOW PORT ALL commands.
Type and characteristics of each ATM device attached to the hub.
ON/OFF condition and color of the LEDs on each module installed in the hub.
Last 6416SW commands entered from the local console.
Error log information uploaded to the host by entering the UPLOAD command.
Trace information uploaded to the host by entering the UPLOAD command.
Q.2931 error code for the clear cause in the SVC.
For more information on the UPLOAD command, see the ONcore Switching
Hub/CELLplex 4000 ATM Command Reference Guide.
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Troubleshooting Phase 4 Problems
To troubleshoot Phase 4 problems, an 3Com service engineer needs the information
listed in this section. Note that in order to record trace information, perform dumps, and
upload the error log, you must use a TFTP file server in IP over ATM or LAN emulation
mode.
For information on how to record trace information, see “Troubleshooting Phase 3
Problems” on page 7-52. For information on how to upload the trace or error log file,
see “Uploading and Downloading Operations” on page 6-5.
Types and slot numbers of all modules installed in the hub, displayed by the SHOW
MODULE ALL VERBOSE command.
ONcore hub information configured using Distributed Management Module (DMM)
commands and displayed by entering the SHOW DEVICE, SHOW HUB, SHOW
MODULE ALL, and SHOW MODULE VERBOSE commands.
ONcore hub information configured using 6416SW commands and displayed by
entering the SHOW ATM_ESI, SHOW DEVICE, SHOW HUB (if DMM module not
installed), SHOW LAN_EMUL CONFIGURATION_SERVER, SHOW
LOGICAL_LINK, SHOW MODULE ALL, SHOW MODULE VERBOSE, SHOW
PORT ALL VERBOSE, and SHOW STATIC_ROUTE commands.
Type and characteristics of each ATM device attached to the hub
ON/OFF condition and color of the LEDs on each module installed in the hub.
Last 6416SW commands entered from the local console.
Error log information uploaded to the host by entering the UPLOAD command.
Trace information uploaded to the host by entering the UPLOAD command
Dump information uploaded to the host by entering the UPLOAD command
The following reports generated from ONdemand ATM Campus Manager
Version 1:
– atmSvcTable from the atmSw MIB
– atmSvcClearTable from the atmSw MIB
– interfaceTable from the atmSw MIB
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– atmfAtmAddressTable from the ILMI MIB
Q.2931 error code for the clear cause in the SVC.
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Appendix A. Technical
Specifications
General Specifications
Connectors
One RS-232 DB-9 connector (topmost on front panel) for
Console port connections.
One RS-232 DB-9 connector (bottommost on front panel) for
Auxiliary port connections.
Processors
Memory
MC 68EC040 and MC 68EN360 used in companion mode.
32 Kbytes nonvolatile RAM
256 Kbytes static RAM
4 Mbytes Flash EEPROM (eight modules of 512 Kbytes
each)
8 Mbytes Dynamic RAM (two modules of 4 Mbytes) or
16 Mbytes Dynamic RAM (two modules of 8 Mbytes).
Special circuits
Modem support
ATM dedicated chip sets
Realtime clock with 32 Kbytes NVRAM.
For 100% Hayes-compatible modems
Baud rates up to 19.2 Kb supported.
Packet switched module 16 ports
DATA_IN: 8 bits; DATA_OUT: 8 bits.
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Electrical Specifications
Power consumption
45W @ +5V
3.5W @ +12V
Fuses
Two 1A (+12V) for the Switch/Control cards (one for each
card).
Two 7A (+5V) for the Switch/Control cards (one for each
card).
Environmental Specifications
Operating Temperature 0° to 50° C (32° to 122° F)
Humidity
BTU/hr
Less than 95% (non-condensing)
55.
Mechanical Specifications
Dimensions
Weight
2.0 in. (5 cm) W x 10.7 in. (27 cm) L x 15.2 in. (38.5 cm) H
5.3 lbs. (2.3 kg)
In hub
Each 6416SW occupies two dedicated slots (9-10 for primary
module, 11-12 for backup module).
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Appendix B. RS-232 Cable
and Modem Requirements
This appendix describes:
How to attach a console, modem, or server to the 6416SW module
RS-232 cable pin assignments used for connecting a console, modem, or server to
the 6416SW module.
Requirements for using a modem with the 6416SW module.
Attaching a Console, Modem, or Server
When attaching a console, modem, or server to the 6416SW module, use the RS-232
cable and the two adapters provided in the package provided with the ONcore hub and
follow these steps:
1. Plug one end of the RS-232 cable into the 9-pin Console port (the topmost RS-232
port) on the front panel of the 6416SW module. For the exact position of the
Console port, see Figure 2-4 on page 2-9.
2. Plug the other (9-pin or 25-pin) end of the cable into the appropriate port on the
device.
“RS-232 Cable Requirements” on page B-2 describes the pin assignments for console,
modem, and server attachments.
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RS-232 Cable Requirements
RS-232 Connector
The RS-232 connector is the 9-pin female connector on the 6416SW that attaches to an
EIA 232 cable. Table B-1 lists the signal name associated with each pin on this
connector, and Figure B-1 shows how the pins are numbered.
Table B-1. EIA 232 Connector-Pin Signal Assignments
Pin Number
Signal Name
DCD
SIN
Description
Data Carrier Detect
Receive data
Transmit data
Data terminal ready
0 volt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SOUT
DTR
—
DSR
RTS
Data set ready
Request to send
Clear to send
—
CTS
—
5
4
3
1
2
9
8
7
6
Figure B-1. RS-232 Connector
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9-Pin/9-Pin Cable
Figure B-2 shows the pin assignments for the 9-pin to 9-pin RS-232 cable used to
attach a console to the 6416SW Console port:
Console
6416SW 9-pin
Console port
9-pin Port
1 CD
CD1
RD2
2 RD
TD 3
3 TD
DTR 4
4 DTR
5 GND
6 DSR
7 RTS
GND 5
DSR 6
RTS 7
CTS 8
8 CTS
9
9
NOT USED
Figure B-2. Console Attachment: 9-pin to 9-pin RS-232 Cable
Note: CD (Carrier Detect) is a synonym for RLSD (Receive Line Signal Detect).
CTS (Clear To Send) is a synonym for RFS (Ready For Sending).
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9-Pin/25-Pin Cable
Figure B-3 shows the pin assignments for the 9-pin to 25-pin RS-232 cable used to
attach a console to the 6416SW Console port.
Console
25-pin Port
A-CPSW 9-pin
Console port
2 TD
RD 2
TD 3
3 RD
5 CTS
4 RTS
8 CD
RTS 7
CTS 8
DTR 4
DSR 6
CD 1
6 DSR
20 DTR
7 GND
GND 5
Figure B-3. Console Attachment: 9-pin to 25-pin RS-232 Cable
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Null-Modem Interposer
Figure B-4 shows the pin assignment of the interposer (null modem) used for a console
attachment. The RS-232 interposer is shipped with the ONcore hub.
Figure B-4. Pin Assignment: RS-232 Interposer
After attaching a console to the 6416SW RS-232 Console port, make sure that the
console is set up for asynchronous serial communication.
B-5
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Modem Attachment
Figure B-5 shows the pin assignment for the RS-232 cable used to attach a modem to
the 6416SW Console port.
Male
(Modem)
Female
(6416SW Console Port)
14
1
9
6
5
25
13
1
Pin
5
Pin
7
0 Volt
Received Data
Clear to Send
2
3
Transmitted Data
3
2
8
5
Request to Send
DTR
7
4
4
20
8
Carrier Detector
Data Set Ready
1
6
6
Figure B-5. Pin Assignment: RS-232 Modem Cable
After connecting a modem to the to the Console port, configure the modem by following
the procedure in “Modem Requirements” on page B-7.
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Modem Requirements
The 6416SW module supports the use of dial-in modems with the following
requirements:
The modem must be 100% Hayes-compatible.
Any valid baud rate (300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200) may be used. 2400 and
9600 are recommended.
The modem must be set to Dumb/Auto Answer mode.
Modem Configuration
To configure a modem, enter the following commands from the console to which the
modem is attached:
1. Type at&Fand press Enter (to restore the factory default settings).
2. Type at&d and press Enter (to ignore changes in DTR status).
If you have enabled automatic modem hangup with the SET TERMINAL HANGUP
ENABLE command and want to keep this setting, enter at&d2and press Enter.
This sets the DTR parameter so that hangup remains enabled when DTR switches
from ON to OFF.
3. Type ats =1and press Enter (to auto-answer on the first ring).
4. Type ats ?and press Enter (to verify the auto-answer if 001 is returned).
5. Type atq1and press Enter (to ignore the result codes).
6. Type at&Wand press Enter (to save the configuration changes).
7. Type at&Yand press Enter (to define the configuration as the new default).
8. Set the modem to Dumb mode (with command recognition disabled) by following
the instructions in the modem's user guide.
An example of an IBM 7855-10 modem configuration is shown in Figure B-6 on
page B-8.
B-7
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DTE Interface
Data Type
Idle/Data ASYNC Async Format.8N1 XmitClock 7855
Async DTE Speed DTS Speed..TELCO Connect Char.YES
Async Data Path Direct Path...NO
Escape Sequence Asynchronous <ESC>...YES <ESC>... 43 <ESC>(/5 )... 5
Signals 7855 to DTE
RFS(1 6)
RLSD(1 9)
DSR(1 7)PSN
RFS On....ALWAYS
RLSD On...ALWAYS
DSR On....ALWAYS
DTR(1 8)Drop
Break Signals
Polling...NO DTR Off...V24 DTR Delay...
From DTE...QUICK From Telco.QUICK
Commands,Results
Async Characters <CR>......... 13 <LF>... 1
<BS>... 8
Async.Cmd Echo
Async Speed Msg Rate used..TELCO
Cmd Echo......ON
Messages
ECL Message
Messages.....OFF
Messages.....OFF
DataFlow Control
To stop DTE
7855 using...RFS
DTE using...NONE
Flow Pass.....NO
To stop 7855
Char Pass-thru
Telco Interface
PSN Telco Speed PSN bps..96
TC
TC
LL Telco Speed
LL bps...96
Type of Network Network......PSN
DataFlow Control Telco Flow....NO
Adaptation
PSN
Dialing
Dial Mode...TONE
Dial Delays
Calling Tone
Call Process
Calling Timer
Answering
Attachment
Disconnect
From TELCO line Disconnect RLSD CD loss(/1 ). 15
To TELCO line
Inactivity
First Delay.. 7 Other Delay.. 1
Call Tone....V25
Detect.......ALL
Call Abort... 6
Auto Answer..YES Rings........ 2
PSN Level..FIXED Guard Tone..18
Call End..REMOTE
On Hook......YES No Data(min). 3
General
LL
Receiver
Echo Adapt....NO Receiver Setup.
Preemphasis....2
Transmitter
Modem to Modem
Handshake...BELL Fast Train...NO
Receiver
Transmitter
LL RLSD dBm..-43
LL Signal....DTR - - - - - - - - -
Automatic Change
Retrain
Retrain....SHORT Trigger (dBm)..6
Speed Change
Allow 72
Fall Back
Fall Forward
bps
72
bps......NO
FallBack......NO
Fall Forward..NO
Change Timing For FF and SNBU Check Line...YES Check(x5min). 24
LL Change to PSN SNBU.........NO
User Interface
ECL Control
ECL Start.ACCEPT Accepted.CONNECT
Compression...YES Block Size...64 Protocol..NORMAL
Starting
Operating
Figure B-6. Example: IBM 7855-10 Modem Configuration
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Appendix C. Error and
Information Codes
This appendix contains explanations of the error and information codes displayed for the
Q.2931 protocol, the codes issued from Maintenance Mode, and the IBM LAN
Emulation Server error codes.
C-1
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Q.2931 Error Codes for Clear Causes
Table C-1 lists the error codes from the Q.2931 protocol for clear causes generated by
ONcore hubs and other ATM devices in an ONcore-based ATM network. For a detailed
explanation of each cause, see the ATM User-Network Interface Specification - Version
3.0 and Version 3.1.
The decimal and hexadecimal values of the codes are both given below. The terminal
dialog issues the codes in hexadecimal format.
Table C-1 (Page 1 of 3). Q.2931 Error Codes for Clear Causes in
ONcore-based ATM Networks
Error Code
(decimal)
Error Code
(hex)
Meaning of Clear Cause
1*
0x01*
0x02
0x03*
0x0A*
0x10
0x11
0x12*
0x15
0x16
0x1B*
0x1C
ATM address not defined/assigned.
There is no route to the transit network.
There is no route to the destination.
VPI/VCI is unacceptable.
2
3*
10*
16
17
18*
21
22
27*
28
Normal clearing (UNI 3.1)
User is busy.
No user is responding.
Call has been rejected.
ATM address has changed.
Destination is out of order.
Invalid ATM address format (address
incomplete).
30*
31*
0x1E*
0x1F*
Response to STATUS ENQUIRY.
Normal, unspecified (UNI 3.0)
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Table C-1 (Page 2 of 3). Q.2931 Error Codes for Clear Causes in
ONcore-based ATM Networks
Error Code
(decimal)
Error Code
(hex)
Meaning of Clear Cause
35*
36
0x23*
0x24
Requested VPI/VCI is unavailable.
VPI/VCI assignment failed (on user side)
(UNI 3.1).
37
0x25
User cell rate not available (UNI 3.1).
Network is out of order.
38*
41*
43
0x26*
0x29*
0x2B
0x2D*
0x2F*
0x31*
0x33*
0x39
Temporary failure.
Access information has been discarded.
No VPI/VCI is available.
45*
47*
49*
51*
57
Resource is unavailable, unspecified.
Quality of Service is unavailable.
User cell rate is not available (UNI 3.0).
Bearer capability is not authorized.
Bearer capability is not available.
58
0x3A
0x3F*
63*
Service or option is not available,
unspecified.
65
0x41
Bearer capability is not implemented.
73*
0x49*
Unsupported combination of traffic
parameters.
81*
82
0x51*
0x52
0x58
Invalid call reference value.
Identified channel does not exist.
Incompatible destination.
88
C-3
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Table C-1 (Page 3 of 3). Q.2931 Error Codes for Clear Causes in
ONcore-based ATM Networks
Error Code
(decimal)
Error Code
(hex)
Meaning of Clear Cause
89*
91
0x59*
0x5B
Invalid end-point reference.
Invalid transit network selection.
92*
0x5C*
Too many pending add-party
requirements.
93*
96*
97*
0x5D*
0x60*
0x61*
AAL parameters cannot be supported.
Mandatory information element is missing.
Message type does not exist or is not
implemented.
99*
0x63*
Information element does not exist or is
not implemented.
100*
101*
102*
104*
111*
0x64*
0x65*
0x66*
0x68*
0x6F*
Invalid information element contents.
Message is not compatible with call state.
Expiry of recovery on timer.
Incorrect message length.
Protocol error, unspecified.
Note: Q.2931 codes generated by the ONcore hub are shown with an asterisk (*).
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Maintenance Codes
The following table explains the prompts that can be displayed in Maintenance Mode.
Table C-2. Maintenance Codes and Meanings
Code
Meaning
>>0020>>
>>0021>>
The NVRAM diagnostics failed, the battery may be low.
Bad checksum, the loading or de-compression of the operational code
failed.
>>0023>>
>>0030>>
After 3 retries, the 6416SW FPGAs did not initialize properly.
The initialization or the diagnostics failed for the switch, the SPU
(Switch Processing Unit), or the serial link.
>>0031>>
The ATM wrap test from the control-point board to the switch board
failed.
>>0032>>
>>0033>>
>>0034>>
The initialization of the operational code was halted due to insufficient
memory.
>>00BA>>
Maintenance mode is running with the backup daemon.
C-5
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IBM LAN Emulation Server Error Codes
Table C-3. IBM LAN Emulation Server Error Codes
Error Code
Meaning
1
2
3
4
Network cause
Internal cause
Memory exhausted
Network is down
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Appendix D. Configuring
AIX for Download and
Upload Operations
If you are uploading or downloading ATM software to or from a server running AIX, you
must first configure AIX for the TFTP file transfer before entering the DOWNLOAD
INBAND or UPLOAD command. To do so, follow these steps:
1. Log on as a root user.
2. Edit the /etc/inetd.conf file that is stored on AIX and make sure that the TFTP line
is not commented out.
3. Start the TFTP subserver by entering the following commands in this order:
smit
Processes & Subsystems
Subservers
Start a Subserver
4. From the list displayed, select TFTP by entering the command:
startsrc -t'tftp'
D-1
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Appendix E. ONcore ATM
Address Formats
The ONcore ATM subsystem supports the addressing scheme defined by the ATM
Forum for addressing end-points in private ATM networks. The scheme is modeled
after the format of the OSI Network Service Access Point (NSAP) as specified in
ISO-8348 (CCITT X.213).
As shown in Figure E-1 on page E-2, the 6416SW supports the three initial domain
identifier (IDI) formats specified by the ATM Forum:
DCC (Data Country Code)
E.164 (Specific Integrated Service Digital Network Number).
ICD (International Code Designator)
Each of the three ATM address formats is 20 bytes long and consists of two main parts:
Network Prefix (13 bytes)
End System Part (7 bytes).
E-1
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Figure E-1. NSAP Address Formats Supported in the ONcore ATM
Subsystem
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Network Prefix
The fields that make up the Network Prefix part of an ATM address include:
AFI
The one-byte AFI identifies the authority allocating the portion of the address
that follows. It defines the structure of the NSAP format. The AFI values
accepted by the ONcore ATM subsystem are as follows:
39 (ATM format of the Domain-Specific Part)
45 (ATM format of the E.164 Initial Domain Identifier)
47 (ATM format of the International Code Designator).
DCC
DFI
AA
Data Country Code (2 bytes)
Specifies the country in which the address is registered. The codes are
given in ISO-3166.
This value is handled as a bit mask and is not checked by the ATM
subsystem.
Domain-specific Format Identifier (1 byte)
Specifies the structure, semantics, and administrative requirements for the
remainder of the address.
This value is handled as a bit mask and is not checked by the ATM
subsystem.
Administrative Authority (3 bytes)
Identifies the organizational entity that allocates addresses for the remainder
of the domain-specific part.
This value is handled as a bit mask and is not checked by the ATM
subsystem.
E-3
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E.164
E.164 IDI (8 bytes)
Specifies the international addressing format used by B-ISDN public
transport providers and is up to 15 digits long (BCD syntax). This field is
padded with leading '0000' semi-bytes to reach the maximum length. A
closing semi-byte '1111' is used to obtain an integral number of bytes.
This code is handled as a bit mask and is not checked by the ATM
subsystem.
ICD
International Code Designator (2 bytes)
Identifies an international organization. Values and codes (BCD syntax) are
assigned by the ISO-6523 registration authority.
This code is handled as a bit mask and is not checked by the ATM
subsystem.
Reserved 2 bytes set to binary zero.
RDN
Routing Domain Number (2 bytes)
Specifies a domain that is unique within one of the following:
E.164
DCC/DFI/AA
ICD/DFI/AA
and that allows for the same addressing scheme and administrative authority
to be used.
Area
Area (2 bytes)
Specifies an area unique within a routing domain for the purpose of
hierarchical routing and efficient use of resources based on topological
significance.
In an ONcore ATM subsystem, this value consists of two 1-byte subfields:
ACN
HN
The ATM Cluster Number
The Hub Number
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End System Part
The fields that make up the End System part of an ATM address are:
ESI
End System Identifier (6 bytes)
Identifies an end system unique within an area or within any larger
addressing structure such as the IEEE MAC address space. Not used for
routing within the ATM network.
SEL
SELector (1 byte)
Has local significance only within the end system.
E-5
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Appendix F. Technical
Support
3Com provides easy access to technical support information through a variety of
services. This appendix describes the following services:
Online Technical Support
Support from Your Network Supplier
Support from 3Com
Returning Products for Repair
Accessing the 3Com MIB
3Com Technical Publications
F-1
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Online Technical Support
3Com offers worldwide product support through the following online systems:
E-mail Technical Support
World Wide Web Site
E-mail Technical Support
You can contact the Integrated Systems Division (formerly Chipcom) on the Internet for
World Wide Web Site
You can access the latest networking information on the 3Com World Wide Web site by
entering our URL into your Internet browser:
http://www.3com.com/
This service features news and information about 3Com products, customer service and
support, the 3Com latest news releases, selected articles from 3TECH , the 3Com
award-winning technical journal, and more.
You can contact the Integrated Systems Division on the World Wide Web by entering
our URL into your Internet browser:
http://www.3com.com/
There are links between both WWW pages to view information from all 3Com divisions.
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Support from Your Network Supplier
If additional assistance is required, contact your network supplier. Many suppliers are
authorized 3Com partners who are qualified to provide a variety of services, including
network planning, installation, hardware maintenance, application training, and support
services.
When you contact your network supplier for assistance, have the following information
ready:
Diagnostic error messages
A list of system hardware and software, including revision levels
Details about recent configuration changes, if applicable
If you are unable to contact your network supplier, see the following section on how to
contact 3Com.
F-3
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Support from 3Com
If you are unable to receive support from your network supplier, technical support
contracts are available from 3Com.
For direct access to customer service for Integrated Systems Division products in:
U.S.A. and Canada - call (800) 724-2447
Asia Pacific - call (508) 787-5151
Europe - refer to the table below. For European countries not listed, call
31 30 60 299 00.
Country
Telephone Number
Country
Telephone Number
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
0800 71429
800 17309
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
06 0227788
800 11376
0800 113153
05 917959
900 983125
020 795482
0800 966197
800 876-3266
Sweden
U.K.
0130 821502
1 800 553117
1678 79489
U.S.
For access to customer service for all 3Com products, call (800) 876-3266.
You can also contact the Integrated Systems Division (ISD) on the Internet by using the
e-mail address [email protected].
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Returning Products for Repair
A product sent directly to 3Com for repair must first be assigned a Return Materials
Authorization (RMA) number. A product sent to 3Com without an RMA number will be
returned to the sender unopened, at the sender's expense.
To obtain an RMA number for Integrated Systems Division products (formerly Chipcom),
use the following numbers.
Country
Telephone Number
Fax Number
U.S. and Canada
Europe
(800) 724-2447
(44) (1442) 275860
(508) 787-5296
(508) 787-3400
No Fax
Asia Pacific
(508) 787-3400
F-5
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Accessing the 3Com MIB and atswitch.mib
The 3Com Management Information Base (MIB) for the Integrated Systems Division
describes commands that enable you to manage 3Com SNMP-based products. The
MIB is available over the Internet on an anonymous FTP server. Updates to these
MIBs are released as new 3Com products are introduced.
To access Internet versions:
1. FTP to ftp.3com.com(192.156.136.12).
2. Enter the login name anonymous.
3. Enter your full Internet e-mail address as the password (for example,
jdoe@company.com).
4. Change to the mib or schema directory using the cd /pub/3com-mibscommand.
5. To view the 3Com MIB, OID, or schema entries, enter the ls -lcommand.
To pause the display, press [CTRL-S].
To continue the display, press [CTRL-Q].
6. Copy the MIB, OID, or schema files to your current directory using the appropriate
command (for example, get atswitch.mib).
7. To exit the FTP session, invoke the quitcommand.
3Com Technical Publications
If you have comments or questions on 3Com Integrated Systems Division Technical
Publications documents, please contact the Technical Publications group at one of the
following:
On the Internet: [email protected]
By fax: (508) 229-1551.
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Index
6416SW module (continued)
remote login 4-12
Numerics
6416SW module
resetting 2-12
accessing MIB files 6-3
alerts 5-22
reverting configuration 5-28
RS-232 ports 2-13, 2-14
saving configuration 5-25
service personnel 5-11
slot positions 1-5, 2-3
SNMP support 6-2
ATM address 5-13
ATM connections 1-7
ATM Reset button 2-12
base card functions 1-6
cabling B-2
status displayed by LEDs 2-10
timing out 4-14
clock 5-9
configuration 5-1, 5-32
connectors A-1
troubleshooting 7-1
unpacking 2-2
console, attaching 2-5, 6-1
default settings 5-10
dimensions A-2
upgrading microcode 6-6
weight A-2
displaying configuration 5-29
distributed control functions 1-7
gateway configuration 5-21
inband upgrade 6-6
installation 2-1, 2-3
IP address 5-18
A
ABR
See Available Bit Rate
access rights for SNMP stations 5-22
Active LED 2-7, 2-10
address registration, hub-to-device 7-22
addressing in ONcore ATM subsystem E-1
administrator
LEDS on front panel 2-8
location 5-11
memory A-1
commands 4-5
modems 4-15, 4-16, A-1, B-7
naming 5-10
password 5-6, 6-4
AFI formats supported E-2
AIX
normal operation 2-7
out-of-band upgrade 6-9
passwords 5-6, 6-4
power consumption A-2
processors A-1
configuring for TFTP D-1
alerts 5-22
Area field E-4
reconfiguring 4-15
Index X-1
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ARP client 7-27, 7-29
commands (continued)
ARP server 5-18, 5-21, 7-25, 7-29
ATM Forum specifications 1-8
Auxiliary port 2-14
SET DEVICE 5-32
SET DEVICE ARP_SERVER 5-21
SET DEVICE ATM_ADDRESS 5-13
SET DEVICE COMMUNITY 5-22
SET DEVICE CONTACT 5-11
SET DEVICE
Available Bit Rate 1-7, 1-9
B
DEFAULT_GATEWAY 5-21
SET DEVICE IP_ADDRESS 5-18
SET DEVICE LOCATION 5-11
SET DEVICE NAME 5-10
SET DEVICE PASSWORD 5-6, 5-8
SET LOGICAL_LINK 3-8, 5-16
SET MODULE 5-32, 5-33
SET PORT 5-15, 5-32
SET STATIC_ROUTE 5-16
SET TERMINAL HANGUP 4-16
SET TERMINAL PROMPT 5-11
SET TERMINAL TIMEOUT 5-12
SHOW MODULE 5-29
SHOW PORT 5-29
backplane in ATM subsystem 1-3
baud rate, configuring 4-7, 4-15
best effort data transmission 1-11
boot software 6-6
boundary hub 3-8, 5-16
C
cabling 2-5
console attachment B-2
for RS-232 ports B-2
modem attachment B-6
campus network 3-1, 3-3, 3-4, 5-15, 5-16
cells used in data transmission 1-3
changing configuration settings 5-32
classical IP over ATM networks 1-8, 5-18
clear causes from ONcore hubs C-2
clock 5-9
TELNET 4-12
using command completion 4-6
community
setting access rights 5-22
configuration
cluster number (ACN) 3-4, E-4
clusters 3-4, 3-6, 3-8, 5-15, 5-16
command completion 4-6
commands
6416SW 4-1
ATM media modules 5-33
ports 5-15
SNMP parameters 5-17
troubleshooting 7-10
entering from configuration console 4-3
getting help 4-5
configuration console
keystroke functions 4-4
RESET ATM_SUBSYSTEM 2-12
REVERT 5-28
configuration 4-7, 4-15
remote 6416SW sessions 4-12
connections
SAVE 5-25
point-to-multipoint 1-7, 3-13
point-to-point 1-7, 3-13
SAVE ALL 2-6
SET ALERT 5-22
SET CLOCK 5-9
Index X-2
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console
attaching to RS-232 port B-1
E
enabling
ATM media modules 5-14, 5-33
cabling B-2
configuration 4-7, 5-32
default settings 2-5, 4-7
displaying configuration 5-29
entering 6416SW commands 4-3
installation message 2-7
logging off 5-12, 5-26
ATM ports 5-15
entering 6416SW commands 4-3
Error LED 2-10
error log
uploading to host 6-8
modem configuration B-7
RS-232 port attachment 2-5, 2-13
sending alerts 5-22
F
force parameter 5-26
FPGA 6-7
setting prompt 5-11
setting timeout 5-12
SNMP traps 7-50
G
troubleshooting 7-11
gateway, configuring 5-21
used for network management 6-1
Console port 2-5, 2-13
global backpressure in ATM traffic 1-11
H
D
hanging up modems 4-16
hardware, troubleshooting 7-23
help on 6416SW commands 4-5
hot plugging ATM modules 1-4
hub number (HN) E-4
data bits, configuring 4-7, 4-15
disabling
ATM media modules 5-33
ATM ports 5-15
displaying
6416SW configuration 5-29
ATM media module configuration 5-29
ATM port configuration 5-29
DOWNLOAD INBAND command D-1
download operations
6416SW microcode 6-6
configuring AIX for TFTP D-1
DOWNLOAD OUT_OF_BAND
command D-1
I
IDI formats supported E-1
IETF AToMIB 1-9
ILMI protocol 1-9
inband operations 6-6
initializing 6416SW module 2-13
installation 2-1, 2-3, 2-7, 7-2
interfaces 3-6, 5-15
IP address, configuring 5-18
dumps
uploading to host 6-7
Index X-3
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isolated mode 5-33
modifying configuration settings 5-32
K
N
keystroke functions for 6416SW
commands 4-4
naming 6416SW 5-10
NetView for AIX 1-9
network service access point (NSAP) E-1,
E-2
L
network-to-network interface 3-6, 3-8,
5-15, 5-16
LANs, interconnecting via ONcore ATM
hub 1-2
NNI
LE client 7-28
See network-to-network interface
notices, electronic emissions ii
Nways Campus Manager - ATM 6-1
LE server 7-31
LEDs
error conditions 7-4, 7-6
module and port status 2-10
normal 6416SW operation 2-7, 7-6
on front panel 2-8
O
operational software 6-6
out-of-band operations 6-9
location of 6416SW 5-11
logging off 4-12, 4-14, 5-26
logging on 4-12, 5-11, 5-12
logical links 5-16
P
parity, configuring 4-7, 4-15
passwords 5-6, 6-4
configuring 3-8, 5-16
permanent virtual connections (PVCs) 1-7,
1-9, 3-13
M
Maintenance LED 2-10
managing ATM subsystems 5-17, 6-1
mapping NSAP prefix to ACN
number 5-16
picocode, upgrading 6-6
pin assignments
RS-232 auxiliary port 2-14
RS-232 console port 2-13
PING command 7-25, 7-27, 7-28, 7-29,
7-30, 7-31
MIB support 1-9, 6-3
microcode
upgrading 6-5, 6-9
modems 4-15, 4-16
attaching to RS-232 port B-1
cabling B-6
plug, used in out-of-band operations 6-9
point-to-multipoint connections 1-7, 3-13
point-to-point connections 1-7, 3-13
ports
configuration B-7
Auxiliary port 2-14
requirements B-7
configuration 5-32
configuring ATM interface 5-15
Index X-4
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ports (continued)
RS-232 plug 6-9
RS-232 ports
configuring logical links 3-8, 5-16
Console port 2-13
Auxiliary 2-14
displaying configuration 5-29
status displayed by LEDs 2-10
troubleshooting 7-15, 7-19, 7-20
using NNI interface 3-8, 5-16
power supply problems 7-2, 7-9
problem determination
cabling B-2
Console 2-13
pin assignments 2-13, 2-14
Running LED 2-7, 2-10
S
See troubleshooting
SAAL protocol 1-9
prompt, configuring 5-11
SAVE ALL command 2-6
SAVE command 5-25
saving configuration settings 5-25
security 5-6, 6-4
Q
Q.2931
error codes C-2
protocol 1-9
selective backpressure in ATM traffic 1-11
servers
quality of service (QOS) 1-11
attaching to RS-232 port B-1
cabling B-2
SET ALERT command 5-22
SET CLOCK command 5-9
SET DEVICE ARP_SERVER
command 5-21
R
RB
See Reserved Bandwidth
RDN number 3-4
SET DEVICE ATM_ADDRESS
command 5-13
remote login via TELNET 4-12, 6-1
Reserved Bandwidth 1-7, 1-9, 1-11
RESET ATM_SUBSYSTEM
command 2-12
SET DEVICE command 5-32
SET DEVICE COMMUNITY
command 5-22
Reset button 2-12
SET DEVICE CONTACT command 5-11
SET DEVICE DEFAULT_GATEWAY
command 5-21
Reset LED 2-10
resetting
ATM subsystem 2-12
REVERT command 5-28
reverting changes made with SET 5-28
routing domain (RD) 3-4
RS-232
SET DEVICE IP_ADDRESS
command 5-18
SET DEVICE LOCATION command 5-11
SET DEVICE NAME command 5-10
SET DEVICE PASSWORD command 5-6,
5-8
connector pin numbers B-2
connector pin signal names B-2
Index X-5
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SET LOGICAL_LINK command 3-8, 5-16
SET MODULE command 5-32, 5-33
SET PORT command 5-15, 5-32
SET STATIC_ROUTE command 5-16
SET TERMINAL HANGUP command 4-16
SET TERMINAL PROMPT command 5-11
SET TERMINAL TIME_OUT
command 5-12
subnetworks 3-4, 3-6, 3-8, 5-15, 5-16
subsystem, ATM in ATM Workgroup
Switch 3-3
subsystem, ATM in ONcore hub 1-2
switch-to-switch interface 1-8, 3-6, 5-15
switched virtual connections (SVCs) 1-7,
1-9
switching
SHOW MODULE command 5-29
SHOW PORT command 5-29
slot positions for 6416SW module 1-5
slot positions in hub 2-3
SMIT facility 7-25, 7-27, 7-28, 7-29, 7-31
SNMP
ATM cells 1-6
over ATM backplane 1-3
T
technical specifications A-1
TELNET command 4-12
TELNET protocol 6-1
timeout, configuring 4-7, 4-14, 5-12
traces
access rights 5-22
ARP server 5-21
community table 5-22
default gateway 5-21
uploading to host 6-8
traffic management in ATM
subsystem 1-11
functions supported 1-9, 6-2
IP address 5-18
managing ATM subsystem 5-17, 6-1,
7-50
traps
error conditions 7-50
on console 7-50
subnetwork mask 5-18
traps 5-22
troubleshooting 7-1
address registration 7-22
ATM connections 7-47, 7-48, 7-49
ATM modules 7-14
ATM ports 7-15, 7-19, 7-20
ATM services 7-34
configuration 7-10
software upgrades 6-5
specifications
electrical A-2
environmental A-2
general A-1
mechanical A-2
SSI
console problems 7-11
contacting 3Com service
engineers 5-11, 7-51
from 6416SW LEDs 7-6
from ATM media LEDs 7-4
hardware 7-23
See switch-to-switch interface
Standby LED 2-10
static routes, configuring 3-11
stop bits, configuring 4-7
subnetwork mask, configuring 5-18
installation 7-2
Index X-6
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troubleshooting (continued)
LAN emulation 7-39
other problems 7-44
ping operation 7-25, 7-27, 7-28, 7-29,
7-31
power supply 7-9
using RS-232 ports 2-14
using trap messages 7-50
U
UNI
See user-to-network interface
unpacking 2-2
upgrading
6416SW microcode 2-13, 6-6
FPGA picocode 6-7
UPLOAD command D-1
upload operations
configuring AIX for TFTP D-1
dumps 6-7
error log 6-8
traces 6-8
user devices 3-3, 3-6
user password 5-8, 6-4
user-to-network interface 3-6, 5-15
V
virtual path service provider 3-8
W
WANs, used in ATM 1-8
wiring star topology 1-4
Wrong Slot LED 2-7, 2-10
Index X-7
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