EmbeddedDNA ®
CPU-1461
User’s Manual
Rev. 1.0
Jul. 2005
COPYRIGHT 1994-2005 Eurotech S.p.A. All Rights Reserved.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
3
Conventions
The following table lists conventions that are used throughout this guide.
Icon
Notice Type
Description
Important features or
instructions
Information note
Information to alert you to
potential damage to a program,
system or device or potential
personal injury
Warning
Environmental safety
When disposing the equipment, we suggest separating all of its components when possible, and
disposing of them in accordance with local waste disposal legislations.
Be sure to dispose of used batteries as required by local waste disposal legislation. Never throw
batteries into a fire (risk of explosion) or household garbage can.
Contents
Chapter 1 Product Overview ...................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2 Jumper Description ................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 3 Connectors Description .......................................................................................................... 11
Connectors Layout....................................................................................................................................... 12
The Eurotech Multifunction Adapter...................................................................................................... 16
VGA Section.......................................................................................................................................... 17
J7 for USB 2.0 (Ports 5 and 6)..................................................................................................................... 19
J9 Auxiliary Power Connector...................................................................................................................... 20
J16 for USB 2.0 (Ports 1to 4)....................................................................................................................... 23
6
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Chapter 4 The Set-up Program................................................................................................................. 27
Primary and Secondary ATAPI Page.................................................................................................... 36
PCI Advanced Page.............................................................................................................................. 39
Chapter 5 Watch Dog Timer ..................................................................................................................... 43
Use the System BIOS INT 52h functions.............................................................................................. 44
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 1 Product Overview
The CPU-1461 is a reliable Celeron PC/104-Plus embedded module with 6 fast USB 2.0 ports
For a complete list of related accessories, as well as latest BIOS and drivers, please go to our web site:
In the following paragraphs you will find a description of the CPU-1461characteristics.
8
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Product Definition
Architecture:
Processor:
PC/104-Plus 2.0 compliant
PentiumIII® 800MHz, 256KB L2 cache, 133MHz PSB
Intel® 815E
Chipset:
Memory:
256MB SDRAM soldered on board
WinCE®, VxWorks®, Linux®, QNX®
1MB Flash EPROM
Operating Systems:
BIOS Flash:
Interfaces:
IDE Controller UltraDMA
2x Serial: 1 RS232, 1 RS232/422/485
2x USB 1.1
6x USB 2.0
Ethernet (10/100 Mbps)
VGA Video Controller
Auxiliary Power
AC97
Keyboard and Mouse
PC/104-Plus (PCI)
Bus:
PC/104 (ISA)
Watchdog:
2-255 sec./min.
Power Supply:
+5V DC
10
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Jumper Layout and Configuration
Figure 1 shows the jumper layout of the CPU-1461.
The jumpers are indicated as JP followed by the jumper's number.
JP3
JP2
JP1
Figure 1. Jumpers on the CPU-1461 module
Three 2-pin jumpers (JP1, JP2 & JP3) are located on the module. They can be set as follows:
¾
¾
Pins connected together (which will be indicated as ‘Closed’)
Pins not connected (which will be indicated as ‘Open’)
Table 1 gives a quick cross-reference for them.
Table 1.
Jumper Functions
Jumper #
JP1
Type
Function
Default
IDE LED
Pin 1 (-): cathode LED
Pin 2 (+): anode LED
2 pin
jumper
Open
2 pin
jumper
JP2
JP3
Reserved
Reserved
Open
Open
2 pin
jumper
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
13
Table 2 lists the name of the connectors with their function:
Table 2.
Connector Functions
Qty of pins Format Pitch (mm)
Connector
J1-J2
J3
Function
-
-
-
ISA BUS (Bottom Side Only)
PCI BUS (Bottom Side Only)
Multifunction, VGA
-
-
-
18
44
8
9x2
22x2
8x1
6x2
10x2
8x2
9x2
8x1
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.54
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
J4
J5
IDE/DOM
J7
USB 2.0 (Ports 5 and 6)
Aux. power
12
20
16
18
8
J9
J14
J16
J17
J20
USB 1.1 (Ports 1 and 2), AUDIO CODEC
USB 2.0 (Ports 1..4)
Serial Ports 1and 2
Fast Ethernet (10/100Mbps)
How to connect the CPU-1461 to other PC/104 & PC/104-Plus devices:
the stack assembly
The ISA and PCI Bus connectors of the CPU-1461 are located on the bottom side of the module only, and
are designed to allow the connection on the top position of the stack formed by other PC/104 and/or PC/104-
Plus devices.
We recommend you to follow the procedure below ensuring that stacking of the modules does not damage
connectors or electronics parts.
Always use appropriate antistatic precautions when handling boards
1. Turn off all power to the PC/104 computer and its peripheral devices.
2. Select and install standoffs to properly position the module on the PC/104 stack.
3. Remove the module from its antistatic bag.
4. Check that keying pins in the bus connector are properly positioned.
5. Check the stacking order; make sure an XT bus card are not placed between two AT bus cards as
this will interrupt the AT bus signals.
6. Hold the module by its edges and orient it so that the bus connector pins line up with the matching
connector on the stack.
7. Using even pressure press the module onto the PC/104 stack.
14
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Figure 3 shows a module stack with the CPU-1461 on the top of two PC/104-Plus modules.
If standard PC/104 modules are used in the stack, they must be the lowest modules because they will
normally not include the PCI bus. An adapter module must be used.
CPU-1461
Carrier Module
Figure 3.
The Module Stack
Do not force the module onto the stack! Wiggling the module or applying too much pressure
may damage it. If the module does not readily press into place, remove it, check for bent pins
or out-of-place keying pins, and try again.
J4 for Multifunction and VGA
This connector enables the connection of a speaker, keyboard, mouse, battery and VGA monitor to the CPU-
1461.
J4
Multifunction, VGA
Figure 4. J4 Connector Layout
The connector implements the following functions:
¾
MULTIFUNCTION SECTION (from pin 1 to pin 9)
ƒ
ƒ
Keyboard
PS/2 Mouse
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
15
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
System reset
External battery
Speaker
Power button
¾
VGA monitor (from pin 10 to pin 18)
Table 3 shows the connector pin out.
Table 3.
J4 Multifunction/VGA connector
PIN
1
SIGNAL
SIGNAL
PIN FUNCTION
2
VDD_SRV
(+5V)
GND_SRV
3
5
KBDAT
MSDAT
KBCLK
MSCLK
SPKR
4
6
MULTIF.
7
BAT_IN
8
9
RES_PB_IN
HSYNC
GND_VGA
VSYNC
10
12
11
13
15
17
RED_VGA
DDC1_SCL
GNDA_VGA
GREEN_VGA 14
VGA
DDC0_SDA
BLUE_VGA
16
18
Multifunction Connector Section
This section of the connector implements the following functions:
ƒ Keyboard
An AT compatible keyboard can be connected to the module through connector J4. Table 4 lists the
pin-out of connector J4.
Table 4.Keyboard connector table
Pin #
Signal
GND
Function
1
2
3
4
Ground signal
Power supply
Keyboard data
Keyboard clock
+5V
KBDAT
KBCLK
ƒ
Mouse Connector Section
A PS/2 compatible mouse can be connected to the J4 connector. Table 5 shows the pin-out for the
mouse
Table 5.
J4 for Mouse connector
Pin # Signal
Function
Ground signal
Power supply
Mouse data
Mouse clock
1
2
5
6
GND
+5V
MSDAT
MSCLK
16
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
ƒ
ƒ
System reset
The connection of the multifunction connector pin 9 to ground performs a hardware reset of the
module. It is possible to use an external push-button (normally open) to manually reset the system.
The reset signal is “de-bounced” on the board.
External Battery
Pin 7 of the multifunction connector allows the connection of an external backup battery.
If you connect a battery, then the voltage must be between 3.0V and 3.9V.
This battery is used when the system is powered down to preserve the Real Time Clock data.
The typical battery consumption with the module off is 7uA.
ƒ
Speaker
A transistor that supplies 0.1W to an external speaker controls these outputs. A transistor amplifier
buffers the speaker signal. Use a small general-purpose 2” or 3” permanent magnet speaker with an
8Ω voice coil. The audio output is based on two signals: one come from the output of Timer 2, and
the other come from I/O port 61h compliant with the AT Standard.
The Eurotech Multifunction Adapter
The Eurotech Multifunction Adapter simplifies the connection of mouse and keyboard with two PS/2
connectors, a speaker, battery and a reset pushbutton.
Battery
Speaker
J6
J1
J5
J4
To Multif. Conn.
Of CPU Board
(Mouse sign.)
To Multif. Conn.
of CPU Board
Not
used
Power Led
Spkr Led
J3
J2
S1
Reset
Pushbutton
Mouse
Keyboard
Figure 5.
Multifunction Adapter (both sides)
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
17
9
BATT_IN (to J4 PIN 7)
Table 6.
J4 To CPU J4 Connector
PIN #
1
SIGNAL
SPKR (to J4 PIN 8)
+5V (to J4 PIN 2)
Table 7.
J6 To CPU J4 Connector (Mouse
signals)
2-8
3
4-10
5
RES_PB_IN (to J4 PIN 9)
N.C.
PIN #
SIGNAL
1
2
3
4
+5V (to J4 PIN 2)
MSCLK (to J4 PIN 6)
GND. (to J4 PIN 1)
MSDAT (to J4 PIN 5)
KBDAT (to J4 PIN 3)
KBCLK (to J4 PIN 4)
GND (to J4 PIN 1)
6
7
VGA Section
The CPU-1461 integrates a high-performance 2D graphics accelerator
Supported CRT-VGA Video Resolutions
Table 8 shows supported CRT Display Modes1
Table 8.
Partial list of Display Modes Supported
Bits Per Pixel (frequency in Hz)
Resolution
640x480
8-bitIndexed
16-bit
70
24-bit
70
320x200
320x240
352x480
352x576
400x300
512x384
640x400
640x480
720x480
720x576
800x600
1024x768
1152x864
1280x720
1280x960
1280x1024
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85
75, 85
75, 85
75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85
60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85
60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 75, 85
60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85 60, 70, 72, 75, 85
18
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
J5 IDE Connector
The CPU-1461 module provides an interface for up to two Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) hard disk
drives on connector J5.
J5
IDE/DOM
Figure 6. J5 Connector layout
To install the hard disk, perform the following operations:
¾
Hardware installation. Connect the hard disk to the module using a data cable, and then connect the
hard disk to the power supply according to the device’s specifications. Make sure that pin 1 of connector
J5 and pin 1 of the drive or drives are correctly connected. Pin 1 of the interface cable is usually
indicated by a stripe along the edge of the cable. If two hard disks need to be connected, they must be
configured for common operation (i.e. master/slave or cable select connection).
¾
¾
IDE BIOS Setup. The hard disk parameters can be configured using the Setup program. If the hard disk
is connected to the module without setup configuration or with a wrong setup configuration, a time-out of
a few minutes occurs.
Software initialization for specific operating systems. Refer to the OS documentation.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
19
J7 for USB 2.0 (Ports 5 and 6)
J7 is used for USB 2.0, ports 5 & 6. Each port can supply up to 2A
J7
USB 5, 6
Figure 7. J7 Connector Layout
Table 9.
PIN#
J7 Connector pin out
SIGNAL
FUNCTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
VDD_USB5
USB5-
USB 5
USB5+
GND_USB_5
VDD_USB_6
USB6-
USB 6
USB6+
GND_USB_6
Note: To establish a USB connection, no transceiver is required.
20
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
J9 Auxiliary Power Connector
J9 is an auxiliary power connector and can be used to power the module as an alternative to the PC/104-
Plus bus.
J9
Auxiliary
Power
Figure 8.
J9 Connector layout
Table 10 shows the pin out for J9.
Table 10. J9 Auxiliary Power Connector
PIN # SIGNAL SIGNAL PIN #
1
3
GND
N.C.
-5V
VDD
+12v
2
4
5
-12V
6
7
GND
N.C.
VDD
8
9
PWRBTN#
+5VSB(1) PSON#(2)
10
12
11
(1) +5VSB: +5 Volts-Always from the ATX Power supply
(2) PSON#: Power-On command to ATX Power supply
Power button (input)
If the soft power management is enabled, a low signal in this pin turns the system on or off.
Note. The VSB (Volt Stand-By) voltage is useful for Power management applications only.
Note. The +12VDC and -5VDC voltages are neither used nor generated by the CPU-1461 module:
they are only conveyed on the PC/104-Plus bus (connector J1) and can be used by other
devices or modules that are stacked onto the CPU module.
WARNING! IMPROPER CONNECTION OF THE POWER SUPPLY WILL RESULT IN SERIOUS
DAMAGE TO THE MODULE.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
21
J14 for USB 1.1 (Ports 7 and 8) and Audio-CODEC
J14 is used for USB 1.1, ports 7 & 8 and the Audio CODEC.
J14
1
2
Figure 9. J14 Connector Layout
It implements the following functions:
¾
¾
¾
CODEC Audio port
USB 1.1 port 7
USB 1.1 port 8
Table 11 shows the J14 connector pin out.
Table 11. J14 Connector pin out
PIN #
SIGNAL
SPKR
SDOUT
GND
SIGNAL
SDIN1
PIN #
PORT
1
3
5
7
9
2
4
CDC_EN#
GND
Audio
Codec
6
SDIN0
RST
BITCLK
SYNC
8
10
USB Over
Current1#
11
GND
12
13
15
17
19
USB7-
USB7+
GND
USB8-
USB8+
VDD
14
16
18
20
USB
7, 8
GND
VDD
The Eurotech USB & AC97-Audio Codec Adapter
Before using a USB and/or an Audio Device, the Eurotech USB/AC97-Audio Codec Adapter must be
connected to the CPU board. The connection between the Eurotech adapter and the CPU board is
established by a cable set provided with the adapter.
Figure 10 shows this adaptor.
22
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
SpkPhone IN/OUT
Aux IN
To J14
CPU Board
Connector
Aux IN
CD IN
Figure 10.
USB/AC97-AudioCODEC Adapter
Table 12 shows the adapter connectors description.
Table 12. USB/AC97-AudioCODEC Connectors
Connector#
Function
USB0
J1
J2
USB1
J3
Microphone IN
Line IN
J4
J5
Speaker OUT
Line OUT
CD IN
J6
J7
J8
Aux IN
J9
Aux IN
J10
J11
Speakerphone IN/OUT
To CPU Board Connector (J4)
This adapter is composed of 2 functional sections:
¾
USB section, with 2 USB ports which are EMI protected and filtered, and can also supply power to the
peripheral device connected (5V, 500mA);
¾
Audio section, which is equipped with the LM4549 National, an AC97 compliant I.C. The AC97
architecture separates the analog and digital functions of the PC audio system allowing both for system
design flexibility and increased performance. The LM4549 is an Audio CODEC for PC systems, which is
fully PC98 compliant and performs the analog intensive functions of the AC97 Rev2.1 architecture. Using
18-bit Sigma-Delta A/D’s and D/A’s, the LM4549 provides 90dB of Dynamic Range.
The Audio section of this board provides 4 stereo inputs, 1 microphone input, 1 stereo line input, 1 stereo
earphone output (200mW) and 1 speakerphone.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
23
J16 for USB 2.0 (Ports 1to 4)
J16 implements USB 2.0 ports 1, 2, 3 and 4. Each port can supply current according to the following scheme:
The total amount of power available for use is 2A distributed between the four ports
WARNING: The total amount of power must not exceed 2 Amperes
J16
Figure 11.
J16 Connector Layout
Table 13. J16 Connector pinout
PIN #
1
SIGNAL
VDD
SIGNAL
GND
PIN #
2
3
USB4-
USB4+
GND
4
5
VDD_USB 3, 4
USB3-
6
7
USB3+
GND
8
9
VDD
10
12
14
16
11
13
15
USB2-
USB2+
GND
VDD
USB1-
USB1+
24
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
J17 for SERIAL1 and SERIAL2
J17 is used for Serial ports 1 and 2.
J17
Figure 12.
J17 Connector Layout
Table 14 shows the connector pin out.
Table 14. J17 Connector pin out
PIN # SIGNAL
SIGNAL PIN #
FUNCTION
1
3
DCD1
DSR1
RTS1
CTS1
RI1
2
4
RX1
TX1
Serial 1
5
6
7
DTR1
GND
DSR2
RTS2
CTS2
RI2
8
9
DCD2
RX2
10
12
14
16
18
11
13
15
17
TX2
Serial 2
DTR2
GND
26
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
The Eurotech Ethernet Transceiver
To establish an Ethernet connection an Ethernet Transceiver must be used. Eurotech supplies a Transceiver
that can be placed between the J20 connector of the CPU board and the network cable.
To CPU Board
RJ45 Connector
NetConnector
Figure 14.
The Eurotech Ethernet Adapter
The green led is fixed, and signals the correct connection of the module. The yellow led blinks when there is
activity (data IN/OUT) on the net connection.
With RJ45 connectors, only twisted pair cables can be used.
Important Note. Connection to a 100BASE-TX hub for 100 Mbps operation requires the use of
Cat.5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) cable or Cat.5 Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) cable. The
maximum length between the 100BASE-TX hub and the adapter is 100 meters. Connection to a
10BASE-T hub for 10 Mbps operation requires a Cat.3, 4 or 5 UTP cable or Cat.5 STP cable. The
preferred maximum cable length between the CPU module and the Ethernet adapter is 10 cm
(4”)
.
Chapter 4 The Set-up Program
This chapter explains how to use and modify the setup options. These options allow configuring properly the
CPU board.
Note. The Setup Program can be improved to match the technical requirements.
To enter in the Setup Program reboot or switch-on your module and then press the “F2” key.
After waiting a few seconds the main menu will appear.
The Main menu of the set-up program shows a list of options that are available. A highlight illustrates which
option is currently selected.
28
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Use the cursor arrow keys to move the highlight to other options.
When an option (i.e.: General) is highlighted, it is possible to execute it by pressing the “Enter” key.
A table of items will be displayed on the right side of the screen.
Now it is possible to select among several items (i.e.: Time, Date, Floppy Disk 1,… ) using the arrow keys
and the “Enter” key. When an item is highlighted, it is possible to change its value by pressing the “PageUp”
and “PageDown” keys. Time and Date items are set using the keys “PageUp” and “PageDown” and the
keys from “0” to “9”; press “Enter” to confirm. To correct errors press the “BackSpace” key.
Press the “ESC” key to return to the items of the Main menu.
Select “Quit” to exit from the Setup program.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
29
The follow screen will be displayed:
Select with the “ENTER” key the first option “Save data to Flash” to store the parameters into the EEPROM.
Select Discard changes to leave unaltered the previous stored parameters.
30
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
The Set-up pages
The Set-up Program is composed of several pages. They are listed below:
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
General
Devices
Communications
Primary ATAPI
Secondary ATAPI
Advanced
PCI Advanced
ISA Bus
Error Handling
General Page
This page contain settings for the following devices:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Time
Date (for the Real Time Clock)
Floppy Disk 1(*)
Floppy Disk 2(*)
Keyboard
Quick Boot
Boot Try Sequence
(*) The CPU-1461 Module can perform Floppy Disk 1 and 2 options only if used together with an Add-on
module where floppy disk ports are available.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
31
Time
The time is displayed in standard format: hh mm ss (hours - minutes - seconds).
Date
The date is display in standard format: MMM DD YYYY (month - day - year).
Floppy disks
The floppy disks are numbered starting from one and the BIOS maps these drivers starting form the letter “A”.
Note: when the boot sequence starts from floppy disk number one (DOS letter “A”), any device selected as
floppy disk 1 can be a bootable disk. Obviously this device must represent a real bootable disk, with a proper
boot sector and containing a valid O.S.
All the floppy disks can be configured with the same options. The CPU-1461 Module can perform floppy disk
options only if used together with an Add-on module where floppy disk ports are available:
Option
Description
No floppy disk selected
Note
None
360 KB
1.2 MB
720 KB
1.44 MB
Floppy disk 5 ¼ - size 360 Kbytes
Floppy disk 5 ¼ - size 1.2 Mbytes
Floppy disk 3 ½ - size 720 Kbytes
Floppy disk 3 ½ - size 1.44 Mbytes
On-board Flash EEPROM
Common used size
Always available on all boards
Integrated SSD
Keyboard
If the keyboard is not really necessary in the system, you can disable it. In this way the system can bootstrap
without error.
Option
Not Present
Present
Description
Keyboard presence ignored
BIOS look for keyboard
Note
Useful for embedded systems
Quick Boot
With quick boot enabled, the system takes less than 5 seconds for a bootstrapping. This improvement is
obtained to the disadvantage of BIOS tests (the setup must be correct and the peripheral must be connected
to the module and ready at the boot); in particular the following test are skipped:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
System memory pattern test
Keyboard detection
Floppy disk presence (seek test)
RTC time test
Option
Disabled
Enabled
Description
Normal BIOS test are used
Reduce set of BIOS test are used
Note
32
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Boot Try Sequence
The Boot Try Sequence allows exchanging the boot disk order among Floppy Disk 1, Hard Disk 1, CD-ROM
and NET.
Option
FD1 / HD1 / NET
NET / FD1 / HD1
HD1 / FD1 / NET
Description
Bootstrap order: FD1, HD1, NET
Bootstrap order: NET, FD1, HD1
Bootstrap order: HD1, FD1, NET
Note
CD-ROM / FD1 / HD1 Bootstrap order: CD-ROM, FD1, HD1
Devices Page
This page controls all the on-board system-devices; in particular:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Floppy Disk Controller
Primary EIDE
Secondary EIDE
Video Controller
AC97 Controllers
Network
PS/2 Mouse
Bridge MAC Address
Floppy Controller
The Floppy controller can be enabled or disabled
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
33
Primary and secondary EIDE
This option enables or disables the on-board EIDE hard disk controllers. For example, if an external hard
disk controller needs to be used, the internal one must be disabled.
Option
Disabled
Enabled
Description
Disable the on-board hard disk controller
Enable the on-board hard disk controller
Note
An external controller can be used
Video Controller
The on-board Video Controller can be automatically disabled if another one is found in the system; otherwise
the on-board video controller can be forced anyway, even if another controller is present.
Option
Description
Note
Replace with Add-On if any
Always use Integrated
If an external controller is found, it is used
In any case the on-board controller in used
AC97 Controller
The on board AC97 controller can be enabled or disabled
Network
In PCI system the user can manually enables or disables the on-board network adapter.
Option
Description
Note
Disabled
Enabled Device only
Enabled device and Firmware
Disable the on-board network controller
Enable the on-board network controller
Enable the on-board network controller
and the Firmware in order to allow the boot
from network
PS/2 Mouse
If not used, the PS/2 mouse can be disabled. In this way the interrupt IRQ 12, normally reserved for mouse,
is free for PCI bus or other devices.
•
Note: the interrupt reserved for mouse is fixed (IRQ 12); it is displayed for information only.
Option
Description
Note
Disabled
Enabled
Disable the on-board mouse controller
Enable the on-board mouse controller
Bridge MAC Address
This option allows configuring the hexadecimal values of the Bridge MAC Address.
34
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Communications Page
This page concerns all the on-board communication interfaces:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Serial Port1
•
•
Mode
VP2000 and VT100
Serial Port2
•
•
Mode
VP2000 and VT100
Parallel Port
•
•
Mode
VP2000 and VT100
Serial Ports 1 and 2
Serial Port 1 is RS232 only. Serial Port 2 is RS232/422/485.
Serial Port Address (the same options for both Serial Ports)
Option
Description
Disable the serial port
Note
Disabled
3F8h
2F8h
3E8h
2E8h
Serial Port address selected at 3F8h
Serial Port address selected at 2F8h
Serial Port address selected at 3E8h
Serial Port address selected at 3E8h
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
35
•
•
Note: not all consecutive IRQ numbers from 3 to 15 can be used; to help the selection, the Setup
program displays legal IRQ numbers only.
Note: the IRQ is shared: the ports can use the same IRQ number.
VP2000 and VT100
With this option the user can enable or disable the VP2000 and VT100 functionality serial ports.
Parallel Port
Parallel Port Address
Option
Description
Disable the serial port
Parallel Port address selected at 378h
Parallel Port address selected at 278h
Note
Note
Disabled
0378h
0278h
Parallel Port IRQ Number
Option
Description
No IRQ selected for the Parallel Port
IRQ 3 selected
None
3
4
IRQ 4 selected
...
12
...
IRQ 12 selected
•
Note: not all consecutive IRQ numbers from 3 to 12 can be used; to help the selection, the Setup
program displays legal IRQ numbers only.
Parallel DMA Channel
Option
Description
No DMA selected for the Parallel Port
DMA Channel 0 selected
Note
None
0
1
3
DMA Channel 1 selected
DMA Channel 3 selected
Parallel Port Mode
The user, according the parallel device connected to the interface, can choose The Parallel Port Mode. The
default mode is Bidirectional.
Option
Description
Standard mono-directional printer interface
Bi-directional printer interface
EPP and SPP mode
Note
Printer
Bi-directional
PP FIFO
ECP
ECP mode
EPP
VP2000
EPP mode
With this option the user can enable or disable the VP2000 functionality on the parallel port.
36
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Primary and Secondary ATAPI Page
This option concerns mass storage devices using a standard EIDE interface.
The CPU board has two EIDE controllers, so the ATAPI Units can be separated in two parts: ATAPI Primary
and ATAPI Secondary. In any case the options are the same.
•
•
Note: ATAPI (or EIDE) devices can be both hard disks and CD_ROM devices or, sometimes, storage
tape-units.
Note: each EIDE interface supports two peripherals, called master unit and slave unit. Remember to
select as master unit a bootable disk (containing any valid O.S.).
ATAPI unit type
Option
Description
Note
None
Auto
LBA
CHS
CD-ROM
Other
No unit selected
Unit auto-detection
LBA unit selected
CHS unit selected
CD-ROM unit selected
Other unit selected
•
•
Note: when the Auto feature is selected, the BIOS ignores any other data (like Mode, Cyls, Head, etc.).
Use this option for the most of hard disks or other ATAPI devices.
Note: LBA and CHS are two different types of ATAPI units addressing mode. The first one is normally
used with modern hard disks, from 512 Kbytes to above 8 Gbytes in size. For both modes, the user
should know the physical hard-disk structure in terms of Cylinders, Heads and Sectors. For easy use of
any kind of disk, the Auto option is preferable.
•
Note: to speed-up the bootstrap select the option None for unused ATAPI devices.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
37
PIO Mode
PIO is a special data-transfer system between two or more EIDE devices, where all the data pass through
the processor. There are five transfer rates, called PIO mode n (with n=0..4). If the Auto (autodetect) option
is disabled, the PIO mode must be specified.
Option
Description
Transfer Rate of 3.3 MBps
Transfer Rate of 5.2 MBps
Transfer Rate of 8.3 MBps
Transfer Rate of 11.1 MBps
Transfer Rate of 16.6 MBps
Note
PIO-0
PIO-1
PIO-2
PIO-3
PIO-4
Translation Mode
Modern hard-disks have more cylinders than maximum number of cylinders permitted by DOS, so,
theoretically, a DOS machine couldn’t use a modern big-sized hard disk. This problem is solved using a
special addressing mechanism. This “mechanism” is called translation. The most common translation
method are LBA (Logical Block Addressing) and ECHS (Enhanced Cylinders - Heads - Sectors).
Option
Description
Note
LBA
ECHS
LBA translation
Extended CHS translation
Cylinders
Number of hard-disk cylinders (normally written on the disk label). If the auto-detection is used (suggested
method!), the cylinders value is ignored by the BIOS.
Option
Description
Number of cylinders
Note
0..65536
Heads
Number of hard-disk heads (normally written on the disk label). If the auto-detection is used (suggested
method!), the heads value is ignored by the BIOS.
Option
Description
Number of heads
Note
0..64
Sect/Tr
Number of sectors per track (normally written on the disk label). If the auto-detection is used (suggested
method!), the sectors value is ignored by the BIOS.
Option
Description
Note
0..255
Number of sectors per track
Size (MB)
This is the hard-disk size, in Mbytes, calculated by the BIOS, using either the autodetect method or the user
hand-written values (for cylinders, heads and sectors).
•
Note: the size cannot be changed directly by the user.
38
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Detect Now
Using the Detect Now option, the user can start manually the hard-disk autodetect procedure and see
immediately the result, as well as the size (in Mbytes), in terms of cylinders, heads and sectors numbers.
Advanced page
This page allow the configuration of:
•
•
•
Legacy PnP Support
Watch Dog start at boot
Watch Dog Timeout
Legacy PnP Support can be enabled or disabled.
The watch Dog starts at Boot and, if enabled, when the selected timeout expires, resets the CPU.
Watch Dog starts at Boot
Option
Description
Watch Dog disabled
Note
Disabled
Minutes
Seconds
Watch Dog unit of measurement: Minutes
Watch Dog unit of measurement: Seconds
Watch Dog timeout (>=2)
Option
Description
Note
2
…
255
The Watch Dog timeout can range from 2 up
to 255
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
39
PCI Advanced Page
This page can be used to specify some advanced PCI options like:
ƒ
ƒ
ISA IRQ
Latency Time (both for CPU and devices)
ISA IRQ
This option makes possible any assignment between an ISA IRQ (for the Interrupt Controller) and the four
PCI IRQ lines A, B, C and D. Obviously not all the assignments are legal, but the Setup programs shows
only the available ISA interrupts.
Option
Description
Note
9
Routes PCI INT_n (n = A, B, C or D) to ISA IRQ 9
Routes PCI INT_n (n = A, B, C or D) to ISA IRQ 10
Routes PCI INT_n (n = A, B, C or D) to ISA IRQ 11
Routes PCI INT_n (n = A, B, C or D) to ISA IRQ 12
The IRQ# can be shared
The IRQ# can be shared
The IRQ# can be shared
The IRQ# can be shared
10
11
12
•
Note: the ISA IRQ number can be shared among the PCI IRQ lines A, B, C and D.
Latency Time (Devices)
This Latency Time is the maximum time, expressed in clock cycle unit, that a generic PCI Device (like PCI
bus master) can hold the control of the PCI bus. The default value, generally, is 32.
Option
Description
Note
0..255
Latency time expressed in clock cycle units
40
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
ISA Bus
This page allows configuring for the I/O spaces and the memory address windows:
Error Handling Page
Generally, in a normal desktop BIOS, when an error is encountered by the POST sequence, the bootstrap
stops and waits for a reboot. For example, a simple keyboard absence represents an irrecoverable error.
This can be a serious problem in embedded systems. Using the Error Handling page, the user can decide to
ignore one or more of errors that could be encountered during the boot.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
41
Error on Keyboard
The user can decide for himself if a keyboard error must stop the boot process or not.
Option
Ignore
Prompt User
Description
Note
The keyboard error is ignored
When a keyboard error occurs, the system stops and waits for the user
Error on Video
The user can decide for himself if a video error must stop the boot process or not.
Option
Ignore
Prompt User
Description
Note
Note
Note
Note
The video error is ignored
When a video error occurs, the system stops and waits for the user
Error on Floppy Disks
The user can decide for himself if a floppy disks error must stop the boot process or not.
Option
Ignore
Prompt User
Description
The floppy disks error is ignored
When a floppy disks error occurs, the system stops and waits for the user
Error on Fixed Disks
The user can decide for himself if a floppy disks error must stop the boot process or not.
Option
Ignore
Prompt User
Description
The fixed disks error is ignored
When a fixed disks error occurs, the system stops and waits for the user
Error on Real Time Clock
The user can decide for himself if a Real Time Clock (RTC) error must stop the boot process or not.
Option
Ignore
Prompt User
Description
The RTC error is ignored
When a RTC error occurs, the system stops and waits for the user
44
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
What is a Watch Dog?
The Watch Dog is a hardware countdown timer (2-255 sec./min.) that can be used to automatically restart the
system in case of system or program execution failure.
Once enabled the Watch Dog must be refreshed (reloaded with the starting timeout value) by the application
software before the timeout expires.
If the program execution stops, the application software will not refresh the Watch Dog anymore. A hardware
reset will be generated when the timeout expires.
The Watch Dog is implemented using the National PC87364 SPIO Watch Dog feature.
How to use the Watch Dog
To enable, disable and refresh the Watch Dog you can:
•
•
Use the System BIOS INT52h functions.
Directly access Watch Dog I/O mapped registers.
Use the System BIOS INT 52h functions
This method can be used only with operating systems that preserve BIOS functions after boot (like DOS).
Watch Dog timeout is fixed at 2 seconds.
How to turn the Watch Dog ON
Make a call to INT52h with AH=00Ch. The Watch Dog will be enabled to a fixed timeout of 2 seconds. Then
the Watch Dog must be periodically (before 2 seconds) refreshed to avoid a hardware reset.
Assembler code example:
MOV AH,00Ch
INT
052h
How to refresh Watch Dog
Make a call to INT52h with AH=00Eh. The Watch Dog counter will be reloaded with a fixed timeout of 2
seconds.
Assembler code example:
MOV AH,00Eh
INT
052h
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
45
How to turn the Watch Dog OFF
Make a call to INT52h with AH=00Dh. The Watch Dog will be disabled. Then the Watch Dog doesn’t need to
be periodically refreshed anymore.
Assembler code example:
MOV AH,00Dh
INT
052h
Directly accessing Watch Dog I/O mapped registers
This method must be used when the operating system you are using doesn’t allow you to use the System
BIOS calls, or when you need a different timeout than 2 seconds.
The following assembler code examples explain how to handle the Super I/O (SPIO) National PC87364
Watch Dog:
IO_SPIO_WDT_BASE EQU 7030h ; National PC87364 SPIO Watch Dog
Use the following code to Enable Watch Dog :
; Configure Watch Dog Mask Register ...
MOV DX,IO_SPIO_WDT_BASE+00001h
IN AL,DX
; Mask Register
AND AL,11110000b
OUT DX,AL
; No IRQs refresh
; Set Time Unit ...
MOV DX,IO_SPIO_WDT_BASE+002h
IN AL,DX
; Status Register
AND AL,NOT 10000100b
OUT DX,AL
; Clear Time Unit
; Update Register
; Watch Dog in minutes now
IFDEF TIME_IN_SECONDS
; Add this code to set Watch Dog in seconds …
OR
AL,10000000b
; Set Seconds 1st step
; Update Register
OUT DX,AL
OR
OUT DX,AL
AL,00000100b
; Set Seconds 2nd step
; Update Register
ENDIF
; Set Timeout ...
46
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
MOV DX,IO_SPIO_WDT_BASE
MOV AL,DesideredTimeout
OUT DX,AL
; Timeout Period Register
; 2..255 seconds/minutes
Use following code to refresh the Watch Dog :
; Reload original Timeout...
MOV DX,IO_SPIO_WDT_BASE
MOV AL,DesideredTimeout
OUT DX,AL
; 2..255 seconds/minutes
Use the following code to disable the Watch Dog (no additional refresh required):
; Set Timeout to 0 Seconds ...
MOV DX,IO_SPIO_WDT_BASE
MOV AL,0
; Timeout Period Register
OUT DX,AL
•
Note: for further information about the Watch Dog programming, refer to “PC87364 128-Pin LPC
SuperI/O” manual by National Semiconductor.
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
Many problems that you may encounter with your CPU are due to common errors like bad (cable)
connections or misaligned pins.
Warning! Inserting the connectors backwards or misaligning pins may be result in serious
damage for the (CPU) modules connected in the Development Kit!
This chapter will help you get your system operating properly.
It contains:
¾
¾
¾
¾
Common problems and solutions
Troubleshooting a PC/104 system
How to obtain technical support
How to return a product
48
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Common Problems and Solutions
The following table lists some of the common problems that you may encounter using your CPU module, and
suggests possible solutions. If you have problems with your CPU module, please review this table before
contacting technical support.
Table 16. Common problems and solutions
CPU Module doesn’t work
No power or wrong polarity
Check for correct power on PC/104 bus connectors
Defective or misconnected device
on bus
Check for misaligned bus connectors, remove other cards from stack
Cable connected backwards
Verify all cables are connected properly
Troubleshooting a PC/104 System
If you have reviewed the preceding table and still cannot isolate the problem with your CPU module, please
try the following troubleshooting steps. Even if the resulting information does not help you find the problem, it
will be very helpful if you contact technical support.
¾
Simplify the system. Remove items one at a time and see if one particular item seems to cause the
problem.
¾
Swap components. Try replacing items in the system one-at-a-time with similar items.
Technical/Sales Assistance
If you have a technical question, please call Eurotech Customer Support Service at one of the numbers
below, or e-mail our technical support team at:
¾
¾
¾
Phone: +39.0433.485.411
Fax: +39.0433.485.499
If you have a sales question, please contact your local Eurotech Sales Representative or the Regional Sales
Office for your area.
Current information is available at the Eurotech website, located at:
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
49
Manuals, application notes, patches, drivers and BIOS can be found at:
Returning For Service
Before returning any of Eurotech's products, you must call Eurotech Technical Support at +39.0433.485.411
or fill in and send (by Fax: +39.0433.485.499 or e-mail: [email protected]) the “Repair Order Module”
to obtain a Returned Material Authorization (RMA) number. The Module will be returned to you with the RMA
number for enclosure with the returned products.
Note. You must have the RMA number in order to return any product for any reason!
The following information is needed to expedite the shipment of a replacement to you:
¾
¾
¾
¾
Your company name and address for invoice
Shipping address and phone number
Product I.D. number
The name of a technically qualified individual at your company familiar with the mode of failure on the
module
¾
A detailed description of the problem and of the current configuration including OS and software loaded.
If the unit is out of warranty, service is available at a pre-established service charge. Contact Eurotech for
pricing and please supply a purchase order number for invoicing the repair. Pack the module in an anti-static
material and ship it in a sturdy cardboard box with enough packing material to adequately cushion it.
Warning! Any product returned to Eurotech improperly packed will immediately void the warranty for
that particular product!
Repair Order Module
For order repair or replacement of a defective Eurotech product. Please fill in this document.
Don’t write anything into the space to the left. Your Return Material Authorization
number will be assigned by Eurotech Technical Support
RMA:
Company Name:
Division:
Contact Name:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Product name or
model:
Serial Number:
O.S. Used:
Problem description
In accordance with the Limited warranty on this product, Eurotech or its representative will, at its option,
determine whether the defective product will be repaired or replaced. If the warranty has expired, or if the
product does not qualify for warranty service, you will be billed for a service fee.
Notes:
54
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
A.1 Electrical and Environmental Specifications
The following section provides tables and illustrations showing the electrical, mechanical and environmental
specifications.
You will find:
¾
Operating Characteristics
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Electrical operating characteristics
Backup Battery characteristics
Operating temperature Range
¾
¾
Absolute maximum ratings
MTBF
Operating Characteristics
Electrical Operating Characteristics
Recommended power supply: VDD= +5V (with tolerance +/-5%)
Power consumption: 13.0 W typical (Pentium III 800MHz, 256MB).
Battery current draw (board off without any device on the SSD): 7 μA.
Note. This module is not warranted against damage caused by overheating due to improper or
insufficient cooling or airflow.
Backup Battery Characteristics
There is no configuration data saved by the BIOS into the CMOS Real Time Clock. Therefore, the CPU
module does not need a battery, except in the case of applications needing to retrain the date and time at
power-off.
Battery Voltage:
VBAT= 3.6V (range = 3V to 3.9V)
Note. Setup data is stored into the BIOS Flash EPROM; it is therefore impossible to lose the setup
data due to a lack of backup-battery supply.
Operating Temperature Range
For proper operation of the module, the ambient air temperature must remain inside this range:
0°C to +50°C (+32°F to +122°F).
The +50°C test was made at a constant temperature in a climatic chamber.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
55
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table 17. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Vcc: 0.00 to 7.00V
Supply Voltage:
Storage Temperature Range:
Non-Condensing Relative Humidity:
-50°C to +85°C (-58°F to +185°F)
<95% at 40°C (+104°F)
This module is available also in Extended Temperature Ranges.
Warning! Stressing the device beyond the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent
damage. These are stress ratings only. Operation beyond the “Operating Conditions” is not
recommended. Extended exposure beyond the “Operating Conditions” may affect device
reliability.
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures)
Hours: 555000
Condition: GB-25
A.2 Mechanical Dimensions
The CPU-1461 mechanical dimensions are shown in the following picture:
¾
Dimensions: 90 X 96 mm (3.6”X3.8”);
Height 18.6 mm (0.7”), pins and components on the bottom side not included
6.4
42.0
16.0
13.6
5.1
2.0
HEATSINK
5.5
2.0
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.3
? 6.4 PAD
? 3.2 HOLE
11.0
18.6
2.0
2.0
2.0
16.0
14.0
18.0
5.1
4.9
8.0
95.9
5.5
Dimensions are in millimeters
Figure 15.
CPU-1461 Board dimensions
Note: For further information about the mechanical dimensions of ISA and PCI buses please
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
57
USB Audio Codec Dimensions
In the following picture are shown the USB Audio Codec mechanical dimensions:
95.3
91.3
22.0
10.9
4.0
1.5
3.1
14.9
13.1
13.1
75.6
82.6
91.2
Dimensions are in millimeters
13.1
Figure 16.
USB Audio Codec Dimensions
Ethernet Adapter Dimensions
In the following picture are shown the Ethernet Adapter mechanical dimensions:
49.0
43.4
3.0
Dimensions are in millimeters
Figure 17.
Ethernet Adapter Dimensions
58
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
Multifunction Adapter Dimensions
In the following picture are shown the Multifunction Adapter mechanical dimensions:
4.0
4.0
62.0
3.2
12.0
Battery
J6
J1
J5
J4
14.0
12.0
14.0
3.0
33.5
8.0
8.0
12.0
3.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
4.0
70.0
Dimensions are in millimeters
Figure 18. Multifunction Adapter Dimensions
A.3 Safety Summary
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and
repair of this equipment. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this
manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the equipment. Eurotech SpA
assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
The safety precautions listed below represent warnings of certain dangers of which Eurotech is aware. You,
as the user of the product, should follow these warnings and all other safety precautions necessary for the
safe operation of the equipment in your operating environment.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
59
Ground the Instrument
To minimize shock hazard, the equipment chassis and enclosure must be connected to an electrical ground.
The equipment is supplied with a three-conductor ac power cable; the power cable must be plugged into an
approved three-contact electrical outlet, with the grounding wire (green) firmly connected to an electrical
ground (safety ground) at the power outlet. The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet
International Electro technical Commission QEC) safety standards.
Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere
Do not operate the equipment in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical
equipment in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating personnel must not remove equipment covers. Only Factory Authorized Service Personnel or
other qualified maintenance personnel may remove equipment covers for internal subassembly or
component replacement or any internal adjustment. Do not replace components with power cable connected.
Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may exist even with the power cable removed. To avoid
injuries, always disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them.
Use Caution When Exposing or Handling the CRT
Breakage of the Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) causes a high-velocity scattering of glass fragments (implosion).
To prevent CRT implosion, avoid rough handling or jarring of the equipment. Only qualified maintenance
personnel using approved safety mask and gloves should do handling of the CRT.
Do Not Substitute Parts or Modify Equipment
Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform any
unauthorized modification of the equipment. Contact Eurotech technical staff or your local representative for
service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.
Observe Dangerous Procedure Warnings
Warnings, such as the example below, precede potentially dangerous procedures throughout this manual.
Instructions contained in the warnings must be followed. You should also employ all other safety precautions,
which you deem necessary for the operation of the equipment in your operating environment.
Flammability
All Eurotech printed circuit boards (PCB) are manufactured by UL recognized manufacturers and have a
flammability rating of UL-V0.
EMI Caution
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate electromagnetic energy. It may cause or be susceptible to
electromagnetic interference (EMI) if not installed and used in a cabinet with adequate EMI protection.
CE Notice
This product complies with the EMC Directive (89/336/EEC). Compliance with this directive implies
conformity to the following European Norms:
¾
¾
EN55022 (CISPR 22) Radio Frequency Interference
EN50082-1 (IEC801-2, IEC801-3, IEC801-4) Electromagnetic Immunity
60
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
The product also fulfills EN60950 (product safety), which is essentially the requirement for the Low Voltage
Directive (73/23/EEC). This product was tested in a representative system to show compliance with the
above-mentioned requirements. A proper installation in a CE-marked system will maintain the required
EMC/safety performance.
Disclaimer of Warranty
THIS MANUAL IS PROVIDED ’AS IS’ WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The laws of some states and countries do not allow the
disclaimer of express or implied warranties in certain transactions; therefore, this statement may not apply to
you. As such, the above warranty disclaimer shall only apply to the extent permitted by law.
Notice
While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this document, Eurotech S.p.A.
assumes no liability resulting from any omissions in this document, or from the use of the information
contained therein. It is not warranted that the contents of this publication or any accompanying source code
examples, whether individually or as one or more groups, will meet your requirements or that the publication
or the accompanying source code examples are error-free. This publication could include technical
inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Eurotech reserves the right to revise this document and to change its contents at any time without obligation
to notify any person of such revision or changes. Any reference to a licensed program in this publication is
not intended to state or imply that you can use only that licensed program. You can use any functionally
equivalent program instead. No part of this material may be reproduced or copied in any tangible medium, or
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, radio, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or facsimile, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Eurotech S.p.A.
Reliability
Eurotech has taken extra care of product design in order to ensure reliability. The two major ways in which
reliability is achieved are:
¾
The product is designed in top-down fashion, utilizing the latest in hardware and software
techniques, so unwanted side effects and unclean interactions between parts of the system are
eliminated.
¾
Eurotech tests each board by exercising its functions, burns it in under power, and retests it to
ensure that the infant mortality phase is passed before the product is shipped.
Life Support Policy
Eurotech products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems
without the express written approval of the president of Eurotech S.p.A.
Glossary
A
ATA
Advanced Technology Attachment, is a disk drive implementation integrating the controller on the disk drive.
There are several versions of ATA:
ƒ
ƒ
ATA: Known also as IDE, supports one or two hard drives, a 16-bit interface and PIO modes 0, 1
and 2.
ATA-2: Supports faster PIO modes (3 and 4) and multiword DMA modes (1 and 2). Also supports
Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and block transfers. ATA-2 is marketed as Fast ATA and Enhanced
IDE (EIDE).
ƒ
ƒ
ATA-3: Minor revision to ATA-2.
Ultra-ATA: Also called Ultra-DMA, ATA-33, and DMA-33, supports multiword DMA mode 3 running
at 33 MBps.
ƒ
ATA/66: A new version of ATA, that will double ATA throughput to 66 MBps
ATAPI
Short for AT Attachment Packet Interface, an extension to EIDE that enables the interface to support CD-
ROM players
B
BIOS
Basic I/O system. A set of routines that works closely with the hardware to support the transfer of information
between elements of the system, such as memory, disks, and the monitor. Although critical to performance,
the BIOS is usually invisible to the end user; however, programmers can access it.
62
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
C
CELLULAR
Refers to communications systems where a geographic region is divided into sectors, called cells.
CPU
CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the heart (computational and control unit) of a computer.
This device interprets and executes instructions.
D
DMA
The Direct Memory Access is a technique for transferring data from the memory to a device. Data doesn’t
pass through the CPU.
DEVICE
It is any circuit performing a specific function.
E
ECP
Extended Capabilities Port. An asynchronous, 8-bit–wide parallel channel defined by IEEE 1284-1944 that
provides PC-to-peripheral and peripheral-to-PC data transfers.
EEPROM
EEPROM (also known as E2PROM) stands for Electronic Erasable Programmable ROM.
This type of memory can be re-programmed by electronic signals.
EPROM
EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable ROM.
This type of memory can only be erased by ultra-violet (UV) light.
ETHERNET
It is a type of Local Area Network (LAN) architecture. Ethernet supports data transfer rates of 10Mbps.
A newer version of Ethernet, called Fast Ethernet (or 100Base-T), supports data transfer rates of 100 Mbps.
And the newest version, Gigabit Ethernet supports data rates of 1 Gbit (1000 megabits) per second.
F
FDC
Floppy Disk Controller. A special-purpose chip and associated circuitry that directs and controls reading from
and writing to a computer’s disk drive.
FIFO
First in/first out. A method for processing a queue in which items are removed in the same order in which
they were added.
Flash ROM
Flash ROM (like EEPROM) can be re-programmed by electronic signals. Usually a Flash ROM has a
capacity of 1MB.Into this memory usually resides BIOS and other useful programs or instructions.
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
63
G
GPS
Global Positioning System is a worldwide satellite navigational system formed by satellites orbiting the earth
and their corresponding receivers on the earth.
GSM
Global System for Mobile communications, is one of the leading digital cellular systems, and uses
narrowband Time Division Multiple Access that allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency.
H
HDC
Hard Disk Controller is a special-purpose chip and circuitry that directs and controls reading from and writing
to a computer’s disk drive.
I
IDE
Integrated Device Electronics is a disk drive interface where the controller electronics reside on the drive
itself. This allows elimination of the need for a separate adapter card.
IEEE
IEEE stands for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pronounced “I-triple-E.” Founded in 1963,
IEEE is an organization composed of engineers, scientists, and students. IEEE is best known for developing
standards for the computer and electronics industry.
I/O
I/O (Input/output). Two of the three activities that characterize a computer (input, processing, and output).
Refers to the complementary tasks of gathering data for the microprocessor to work with and making the
results available to the user through a device such as the display, disk drive, or printer.
IRQ
IRQ (Interrupt ReQuest). A method by which a device can request to be serviced by the device’s software
driver. The system board uses a PIC to monitor the priority of the requests from all devices. When a request
occurs, a microprocessor suspends the current operation and gives control to the device driver associated
with the interrupt.
ISA
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) is an 8-bit / 16-bit bus that provides a buffered interface from devices on
expansion cards to the PC internal bus.
L
LAN
LAN (Local Area Network). A group of computers and other devices spanned over a relatively limited area
(i.e. a single building).
LBA
LBA (Logical Block Address). A unit of data supplied or requested by a host computer.
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PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
M
MIDI
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). An industry-standard connection for computer control of musical
instruments and devices. A hardware and data standard for communicating between hardware. Most
references involve only the data standard, which is a byte stream used for controlling musical instruments
and storing the output of such instruments.
MPEG
MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group). Refers to one of several standard video-compression schemes. A
CODEC for squeezing full-screen, VHS-quality digital video into a small data stream so that it can be played
from a CD-ROM drive.
N
NDIS
NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification). The interface for network drivers used in Windows and
Windows NT operating systems. NDIS provides a common mechanism by which any given NDIS-compatible
transport driver can communicate with any NDIS-compatible network adapter driver. Moreover, it provides for
multiple transports to work over multiple network adapters by supporting multiplexing between transports and
drivers.
NMI
NMI (Nonmaskable Interrupt). An interrupt that cannot be overruled by another service request. A hardware
interrupt is called nonmaskable if it cannot be masked by the processor interrupt flag.
NTSC
NTSC (National Television System Committee) of the Electronics Industries Association (EIA). The
standards-setting body for television and video in the United States. Sponsor of the NTSC standard for
encoding colour, a coding system compatible with black-and-white signals and the first system used for
colour broadcasting in the United States. The broadcast standard for the United States and Japan. See also
PAL format and SECAM.
O
OEM
OEM stands for Original Equipment Manufacturer. This acronym is used primarily to refer to PC systems
manufacturers.
P
PCI
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is a standard high-performance, 32-bit / 64-bit bus, designed to be
used with devices that have high bandwidth requirements.
PCMCIA
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association). Sometimes used to refer to a
controller for a type of expansion card documented in the PCMCIA standards.
PIO
The Programmed Input/Output is a method of transferring data over the IDE interface. The other way is the
Direct Memory Access (DMA)
PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
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R
RAM
RAM (Random Access Memory). Semiconductor-based memory that can be read-from and written-to by the
microprocessor or other hardware devices.
ROM
ROM stands for Read Only Memory. This memory can only be read-from but not written-to.
S
SCSI
SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. It is an I/O bus designed as a method for connecting
several classes of peripherals to a host system without requiring modifications to generic hardware and
software.
SECAM
SECAM (Sequential Couleur a Memoire; Sequential Colour with Memory). The television standard for France,
Russia, and most of Eastern Europe. As with PAL, SECAM is based on a 50-Hz power system, but it uses a
different encoding process and displays 819 horizontal lines per frame at a scan rate of 25 frames per
second (50 fields per second). See also NTSC and PAL format.
SMBus
SMBus (System Management Bus). A two-wire interface based on the I²C protocol. The SMBus is a low-
speed bus that provides positive addressing for devices, as well as bus arbitration.
SSD
SSD stands for Solid State Disk (i.e. Disk on Chip, Disk on Module, Flash ROM,).
In fact this is not a real disk but a silicon support memory without mechanical parts that are in movement.
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access is a technology for delivering digital wireless service using time division
multiplexing, that is a type of multiplexing combining data streams by assigning each stream a different time
slot in a set.
U
UART
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter), is a module composed of a circuit that contains both
the receiving and transmitting circuits required for asynchronous serial communication.
USB
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a 4-pin bi-directional, isochronous, dynamically attachable serial peripheral bus
that is capable of cascading low/medium speed peripherals (less than 10 Mbit/s)
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PC/104-Plus – CPU-1461 Module
V
VGA
VGA Video graphics array. A video adapter that supports 640 × 480-pixel colour resolution. A video display
standard for boot devices under Windows operating systems.
W
WAN
WAN stands for a wide-area network and it is a system of LANs (in geographically separated areas)
connected together via telephone lines and/or radio waves.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
Ampere
Advanced Power Management
AT Attachment
ATA Packet Interface
Basic I/O System
Direct Memory Access
Disk On Chip
LCD
LPT
LVD
MB
Mbps
MHZ
NIDS
NTSC
OEM
PAL
PCI
Liquid Crystal Display
Line Printer
Low Voltage Differential
Megabyte
Megabits per second
APM
ATA
ATAPI
BIOS
DMA
DOC
DOM
ECC
ECP
FDC
FDD
HDC
HDD
IDE
Megahertz
Network Driver Interface Specification
National Television System Committee
Original Equipment Manufacturer
Phase Alternation Line
Peripheral Component Interconnect
Disk On Module
Error Correction Code
Enhanced Capabilities Port
Floppy Disk Drive Controller
Floppy Disk Drive
Hard Disk Drive controller
Hard Disk Drive
Integrated Device Electronics
Institute for Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc.
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association
PIC
PIO
POST
RAM
Programmable Interrupt Controller
Programmed I/O
Power-On Self Test
IEEE
Random Access Memory
I/O
Input/Output
RAMDAC RAM digital-to-analog converter
IP
Internet Protocol
Interrupt Request
Industry Standard Architecture
Kilobyte
SCSI
SMBus
TCP/IP
Small Computer System Interface
System Management Bus
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
IRQ
ISA
KB
Kbps
KHz
LAN
LBA
Kilobits per Second
Kilohertz
Local Area Network
Logical Block Addressing
USB
V
W
Universal Serial Bus
Volt
Watt
WAN
Wide Area Network
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