POWER
CRW6416SX
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CD-R/RW Drive
CRW6416SX
SERIES
POWER
CRW6416SX
OWNER’S MANUAL
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE PROCEEDING
These precautions explain how to use the device correctly and safely, thereby preventing injury to
yourself or to others. This section has been sub-divided into a WARNING section and a CAUTION
section, according to the likelihood and nature of any potential injuries or damage inflicted. They
relate to your personal safety, and also help you minimize the risk of damaging the device. Please
read these sections carefully before proceeding.
WARNING
Always follow the basic precautions listed below to avoid the possibility of serious injury or
even death from electrical shock, short-circuiting, damages, fire or other hazards. These
precautions include, but are not limited to, the following:
● Do not open the device or attempt to disassemble or modify it.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of electrical shock or fire. The device contains no user-
serviceable parts. If it appears to be malfunctioning, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.
● Do not look inside the device.
If you expose your eyes to the laser inside the device, you risk losing your vision.
● Do not insert fingers or foreign objects into the device.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of personal injury, electrical shock, damage to the device or fire.
Please take particular care if small children are present.
● Do not expose the device to rain, use it near water or in damp or wet conditions or place
containers on it containing liquids which might spill into any openings.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of electrical shock, fire or personal injury.
● Follow the Owner’s Manual carefully.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of personal injury, electrical shock, fire or damage to the unit.
Follow the correct procedure when setting up the device.
● If unusual smells, sounds or smoke emanate from the device or if liquids enter the device, switch
the computer off immediately and unplug it from the power outlet.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of electrical shock, fire or damage to the device. Return the
device immediately to the store at which it was purchased or alternatively, to the nearest Yamaha
Service Center (listed at the back of this manual).
● Make sure the computer is electrically grounded
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of electrical shock.
● When opening up the computer, always unplug the computer from the electrical outlet. Do not
touch the plug with wet hands.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of electrical shock.
● When used in a fan-cooled system, the drive should not be exposed to temperatures outside the
range 5°C ~ 40°C (41°F ~ 104°F).
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CAUTION
Always follow the basic precautions listed below to avoid the possibility of physical injury to
you or others, or damage to the instrument or other property. These precautions include, but are
not limited to, the following:
● Always unplug the computer from the electrical outlet if it will not be used for a prolonged period
of time or if there is a risk of lightning.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of electrical shock, short-circuiting or fire.
● Do not expose the device to excessive heat or vibrations or extreme cold or heat (such as in direct
sunlight or near a heater).
Otherwise, the front panel may become disfigured or the internal components may be damaged.
● Do not use the device near other electrical products such as televisions, radios or speakers.
Otherwise, this may cause interference which can affect the proper operation of those other products.
● Do not place the device in an unstable position.
Otherwise, it may accidentally fall down and be damaged or cause personal injury.
● Mount the device horizontally.
Otherwise, written data may be destroyed. Set the device up according to the instructions in the
Owner’s Manual.
● Always remove the disc from the tray before transporting the device.
Otherwise, written data may be destroyed.
● When cleaning the device, never use benzene, paint thinners, detergents or chemical-impregnated
wiping cloths. Also, do not place vinyl, plastic or rubber objects on the device.
Otherwise, the device may be damaged or its front panel may become discolored. Use a soft, dry
cloth to wipe the device.
● Do not rest your weight on or place heavy objects on the device and do not use excessive force on
the buttons, switches or connectors.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of damage to the device or personal injury.
● Do not listen to audio with headphones at high volume and for prolonged periods of time.
Otherwise, there is an increased risk of hearing loss.
● Before using the device, set the volume dial to its lowest setting.
Otherwise, sudden bursts of sound can cause hearing loss.
● Do not place the device near sources of magnetic interference, such as computer displays.
Magnetic interference can affect the operation and stability of the device.
● Have the device serviced regularly.
Otherwise, dust can build up inside the device, increasing the risk of fire or damage. For information
about servicing charges, contact the store at which the device was purchased or alternatively, the
nearest Yamaha Service Center (listed at the back of this manual). The device should be serviced
about once a year.
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■ About CD-R/RW discs
Please read the following regarding the handling of CD-R/RW discs.
1. Do not expose discs to excessive heat or vibrations or extreme cold or heat (such as in
direct sunlight or near a heater).
2. Do not touch disc surfaces.
When handling a disc, hold it by its edges.
3. Remove dust and dirt from disc surfaces.
Use air-based dust removers. The surfaces may be scratched if wiped with a dry cloth.
4. Do not write or stick labels on disc surfaces except where indicated.
5. Do not clean discs with chemicals or detergents.
6. Do not bend or drop discs.
1. The information contained in this manual is subject to
change without prior notice.
2. All trademarks contained in this manual belong to their
respective owners.
3. Yamaha does not bear any responsibility for any outcome
as a result of using this device.
4. Reproduction of this manual, either in part or in full, is
expressly forbidden.
n Electrical plugs/sockets vary according to country/region.
■ Precautions for Transportation
Before transporting the device, always place the transportation pad on the disc tray and
put the device back in its original box . If the device is transported without adequate
packing, the internal components can become damaged and cause the device to
malfunction.
■ Distributing Discs
When writing important data or preparing data for distribution to others, make sure that the
disc can be read properly before writing duplicates.
■ Copyrights
When writing to CD-R/RW, make sure that you are not infringing any copyrights. It is
illegal to copy audio CDs for non-personal use. When backing up software, please make
sure that you are not infringing any software copyrights for that product.
■ WARRANTY
YAMAHA AND SUPPLIERS ACCEPT NO LIABILITY FOR THE LOSS OF ANY DATA OR ANY
PROBLEMS CAUSED AS A RESULT. AS A PRECAUTION, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT
THE DISCS ARE TESTED AFTER THEY HAVE BEEN WRITTEN TO. FURTHERMORE,
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES DOES YAMAHA AND SUPPLIERS GUARANTEE THE
RELIABILITY OF THE MEDIA.
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Table of Contents
Setup Flowchart ..........................................................................................................................1
Windows Users ................................................................................1
Macintosh Users ..............................................................................2
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................3
Features of the CRW6416SX Drive..................................................3
System Configuration ..............................................................................................................4
Computer ........................................................................................4
Software............................................................................................5
Media................................................................................................6
Tools ................................................................................................7
Front and Rear of Unit ..............................................................................................................8
Front Panel ......................................................................................8
Rear Panel ........................................................................................9
Installation..................................................................................................................................1 0
First Steps ......................................................................................10
Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive....................................................................................1 2
Installing a SCSI Adapter Card ......................................................13
Connecting the Drive ....................................................................16
Verifying the Hardware Installlation ..............................................20
Operation ....................................................................................................................................22
Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................24
Appendix ......................................................................................................................................2 7
Writing Modes................................................................................27
About the Firmware ......................................................................29
LED Indicator Messages ................................................................30
CRW6416SX Specifications............................................................31
Index ..............................................................................................................................................33
©1999 Yamaha Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
This document may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied,
reproduced, translated, transmitted or reduced to any electronic medium of
machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Yamaha.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Unix is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories.
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective companies.
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Setup Flowchart
These flowcharts show the procedure for setting up the CRW6416SX drive. For
easy cross-referencing, the relevant pages in this manual are also given.
Windows Users
STEP
1-1
S1TEP
Obtain a SCSI adapter card
Do you have a SCSI adapter
Recommended models:
NO
card?
Adaptec AHA-2940-series (PCI)
YES
Install the SCSI adapter card
Read this manual and insert the
SCSI card into the appropriate
PCI slot on the computer.
STEP
STEP
1-2
Check that the SCSI adapter
card is recognized correctly
2
Go to Control Panel | System | Device
Manager tab. Double-click on SCSI
controllers to check that the adapter card is
recognized correctly by the computer’s OS.
Set up the CRW6416SX drive
S3TEP
S4TEP
1. Set the switches at the rear of the drive.
(P.10, 11)
2. Connect the SCSI and power cables,
then switch the drive on. (P.16-18)
Check that the CRW6416SX drive
is recognized correctly (P.20)
Go to Control Panel | System | Device
Manager tab. Double-click on CDROM
to check that the drive is recognized
correctly by the computer’s OS.
Install the CD writing software
S5TEP
S6TEP
For details about how to install the
software, refer to the documentation that
came with it.
Start using the CRW6416SX
drive!
Use the drive to create audio CDs, to
back up data on your hard disk, or for
whatever purpose suits your needs.
1
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Setup Flowchart
Macintosh Users
STEP
1-1
S1TEP
Does your Macintosh have
a built-in SCSI connector?
Obtain a SCSI adapter card
Recommended model:
NO
Adaptec PowerDomain 2930U (PCI)
YES
Install the SCSI adapter card
Read this manual and insert the
SCSI card into the appropriate
PCI slot on the computer.
Set up the CRW6416SX drive
STEP
STEP
1-2
1. Set the switches at the rear of the drive.
(P.10, 11)
2
2. Connect the SCSI and power cables,
then switch the drive on. (P.16-18)
Install the CD writing
software
For details about how to install the
software, refer to the documentation
that came with it.
S3TEP
S4TEP
S5TEP
Check that the CRW6416SX
drive is recognized correctly
Start up the CD writing software and check
that the drive is recognized correctly.
Start using the CRW6416SX
drive!
Use the drive to create audio CDs, to
back up data on your hard disk, or for
whatever purpose suits your needs.
2
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Introduction
Features of the CRW6416SX Drive
6X Speed Writing to CD-R, 4X Speed Writing to CD-RW and 16X
Speed Reading
The CRW6416SX drive can write to CD-R at 6X, 4X or 1X speed and
write/overwrite to CD-RW at 4X or 2X speed. It can also read from CD-R and
CD-ROM media at up to 16X speed.
Supports a Wide Range of CD Formats
The CRW6416SX drive can read from and write to CD-ROM in standard
ISO9660 format and to audio CD in CD-DA format. Use the drive for a wide
variety of purposes, such as backing up data, writing your own audio CDs and
creating multimedia titles (using CD Extra mode). Just choose the
writing/reading format that suits your needs. For more details, refer to page 6.
SCSI-2 (Fast SCSI) Compatible
The CRW6416SX is compatible with SCSI-2 (Fast SCSI), the second-generation
SCSI protocol for interconnecting computers and peripherals.
Windows 95/98 Plug and Play Compatible
Under Windows 95 or Windows 98, the SCSI ID number of the CRW6416SX
can be set automatically. If there is a conflict between the manually-assigned
SCSI ID of the CRW6416SX drive and the ID of another SCSI device on the same
chain, the CRW6416SX is automatically assigned a vacant SCSI ID instead.
Supports all Four CD Writing Modes
These modes are Disc-at-Once (the disc is written in a single pass without
pausing, as used for audio CDs and in premastering), Track-at-Once (data can be
written incrementally to disc one track at a time), Session-at-Once (each session
is written in a single pass without pausing), and Packet Writing (data can be
written to disc in small increments just like with a floppy or hard disk). For
more details, refer to page 27.
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System Configuration
In order to use the CRW6416SX drive, your computer system will need to meet
the following set of requirements.
Computer
The minimum system requirements for using the CRW6416SX drive are as
follows:
● Any fully PC/AT-compatible computer.
● A Pentium-class CPU running at 133MHz or faster. (200MHz or faster
recommended.)
n Macintosh users will require a 68040 or PowerPC CPU and at least 16MB of memory.
● OS: Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT4.0 with Service Pack 3/4/5.
n Macintosh users will require System 7.5.3 or above.
● A spare PCI slot for a SCSI card (if one hasn’t been installed yet).
● A SCSI card to connect SCSI devices (including the CRW6416SX) to your
computer. Make sure it has a half-pitch 50-pin D-sub external connector.
Yamaha recommends any of Adaptec’s AHA-2940-series cards (PCI slot).
n Many Apple Macintosh computers have built-in SCSI connectors. However, if your Macintosh
does not have a built-in SCSI connector, you will need to obtain a PCI bus SCSI adapter card.
(Yamaha recommends Adaptec’s PowerDomain 2930U card.)
n For details about how to install the SCSI adapter card, refer to the documentation that came with it.
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System Configuration
Software
The software requirements for using the CRW6416SX drive are as follows:
● CD writing software. This software must support the CRW6416SX drive for
writing to CD-R or CD-RW.
n For details about how to install and use the software, refer to the documentation that came
with it.
n Please verify the settings for your system setup (hardware, OS, etc.).
● When temporarily storing data on hard disk prior to writing to CD-R/RW,
you will need an extra area of 50 ~ 100MB free hard disk space in addition to
the amount used by the data itself. So when storing an image file of an audio
CD on hard disk, a 74-minute disc (which is about 740MB of data) will
require a total of 790 ~ 840MB of free hard disk space. However, this extra
area is not needed when directly backing up from CD-ROM.
n Data is written to disc much more reliably when writing from an image file, eliminating the
likelihood of errors occurring. Furthermore, this solution is ideal when making multiple
copies of discs since the original data is backed up to hard disk as an image file.
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System Configuration
Media
The CRW6416SX drive is compatible with discs which meet the following
specifications:
● CD-R discs:
Use discs that conform to the Orange Book Part 2 standards. When writing
to CD-R at 4X or 6X speed, you should use discs that have been designed for
high-speed recording.
● CD-RW discs:
Use discs that conform to the Orange Book Part 3 standards. When writing
to CD-RW at 4X speed, you should use discs that have been designed for
high-speed recording.
● Read-only discs:
You can read from any CD-ROM discs that conform to the Yellow Book
standard, and which bear the
DA (audio) discs that conform to the Red Book standards, and which bear
the logo.
logo. You can also play back any CD-
n The Orange Book standard defines how all recordable discs (including CD-R and CD-RW) are
written. Part 2 of the Orange Book standard relates to CD-R discs and Part 3, to CD-RW discs.
The standard was named after the color of the book’s pages. Similarly, the Red Book standard
relates to audio (CD-DA) discs and the Yellow Book standard relates to CD-ROM discs.
About CD-ROM
A CD-ROM disc is a compact disc containing high-density read-only data. It
has many applications, including the playback of music and video, the
archiving of data, as well as on-line documentation. The following are
descriptions of each CD-ROM format:
CD-DA: Up to 74 minutes of audio is written in 16-bit resolution at a
sampling rate of 44.1kHz.
Data CD: Up to 650 megabytes of computer data is stored in standard
ISO9660 format.
Video CD: These hold movies in which the video and audio data has been
compressed using MPEG-1 technology.
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System Configuration
Tool
Phillips Screwdriver
You will need to use this when removing the cover of your computer and
installing a SCSI adapter card.
n Make sure your screwdriver’s head is the correct size for the screws you need to remove.
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Front and Rear of Unit
Front Panel
The CRW6416SX drive’s front panel features the following:
Eject button
Press this button
when you need to
unload a disc.
Remove the disc
after the tray has
opened. (P.22)
Disc tray
Manual Eject hole
Only use this if no
other method is
available for
unloading a disc.
(P.23)
Power switch
Press this button to
power up the drive
or to turn it off.
The tray is used to
hold the disc.
It slides out from
the drive unit when
a disc needs to be
loaded or
unloaded. (P.22)
POWER
CRW6416SX
Headphone
jack
Headphone
ON/DISC LED
This LED is
READ/WRITE LED
This LED is green
when data is being
read off a disc, and
orange when data is
being written. It
volume control
Adjust this control
to set a suitable
volume level when
listening to an
You can
orange when the
drive is powered
on, and green
when the drive
contains a disc.
(P.30)
connect stereo
headphones to
this stereo mini
jack and listen
to audio CDs
loaded in the
drive.
audio CD using
the headphone
jack. Slide the
flashes on and off
intermittently when
the disc is being
knob to the left to
decrease the
accessed. (P.30)
volume and to the
right to increase it.
8
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Front and Rear of Unit
Rear Panel
The CRW6416SX drive’s rear panel features the following:
Serial number
CDR ID selector
switch
SCSI-1 & SCSI-2
This consists of 3 letters
and 7 digits. You may
need to refer to this
connectors
The drive’s SCSI ID number
is shown in the switch’s
window. Press the button
above the window to
decrement the SCSI ID
number, or the button
below the window to
increment it. (P.10)
Connect either of these to
your computer’s SCSI
adapter card using the
SCSI cable. The other
connector can be used as
a pass-through when
daisy-chaining more SCSI
devices to it. It can be left
vacant if your drive is the
last device on the SCSI
chain and is terminated.
(P.18)
number when requesting
User Support services.
-
SCSI 1
st2
SER. NO.
AC IN
-
SCSI 2
LINE OUT
CDR ID
R
L
TERMINATOR
OFF ON
1
Power connector
Connect the included
power cable here. (P.18)
TERMINATOR switch
This enables the drive’s
built-in SCSI termination.
Switch this to “ON” if your
drive is the last device on
the SCSI chain. Otherwise,
switch it to “OFF.” (P.11)
LINE OUT connectors
To listen to audio CDs with
your drive, connect these
to the line-level input (LINE
IN) of your stereo
equipment using a
standard stereo phono
cable (sold separately).
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Installation
This section gives a step-by-step guide to setting up your CRW6416SX drive.
First Steps
Before connecting your CRW6416SX drive to your computer, you need to set up
the drive using the switches located at the rear of the unit. You’ll need to set the
following:
● SCSI ID number
● Termination
1 SCSI ID number
Each of the SCSI devices connected to the computer is identified by its SCSI ID
number. You need to assign a number from “0” to “7” for each SCSI device.
Commonly, ID number “7” is reserved for the computer’s SCSI adapter card
itself. Therefore, your CRW6416SX drive can actually be assigned an ID number
from “0” to “6.” Press the top or bottom button of the SCSI ID selector switch
to decrement or increment the SCSI ID number, as shown below.
Press to decrement SCSI ID number
SCSI ID number
Press to increment SCSI ID number
n The SCSI ID number for each device on the chain must be unique. Make sure the
CRW6416SX drive’s SCSI ID number is not the same as that of any other device on the chain.
By factory default, the CRW6416SX is assigned ID number “1” but this can be changed.
n The CRW6416SX is compliant with the SCAM Level 1 protocol. This means that if there is a
conflict between the manually-assigned SCSI ID of the drive and the ID of another SCSI device
on the same chain, the CRW6416SX is automatically assigned an alternative vacant SCSI ID by
the Plug and Play component of Windows 95 or Windows 98.
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Installation
2 Termination
Terminators prevent SCSI signals from being reflected off the last device in the
chain. The SCSI terminator switch should be set to “ON” if your CRW6416SX
drive is the last device on the SCSI chain. If it is not the last device on the
chain, the TERMINATOR switch should be set to “OFF.”
Computer
Hard disk drive
(unterminated)
CRW6416SX
SCSI adapter card
Terminator ON
n By factory default, the Terminator switch is set to “ON.”
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
There are three stages to setting up your CRW6416SX drive.
● Installing a SCSI adapter card
You will need to open the casing of your computer and insert a SCSI adapter
card (sold separately) if one has not been installed already.
n You will need a Phillips screwdriver to open the casing of the computer and to secure the SCSI
adapter card in its slot.
● Connecting the drive
You will need to connect your CRW6416SX drive to your computer’s SCSI
adapter card using a SCSI cable. You will also need to connect the included
power cable between the drive and an electrical outlet.
● Verifying the Hardware Installation
Before you can begin using your CRW6416SX drive, you need to verify that it
has been installed and recognized correctly.
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
Installing a SCSI Adapter Card
1 Power down your computer and unplug it from the AC outlet.
If you proceed without doing this, you run the risk of receiving an
electric shock and/or short-circuiting and damaging components
including the CRW6416SX drive.
2 Remove the outer casing of the computer. If you need to remove screws in
the process, make sure you don’t lose them.
n The method for removing the can vary depending on the manufacturer. Refer to the
documentation that came with your computer for further details.
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
3 Touch a metal part of the computer’s chassis or power supply unit to drain
any static charge that may have built up inside your body.
Drain any static charge
You can permanently damage equipment if you touch it while there is
any static charge in your body.
4 Locate a free slot for the SCSI adapter card and use a Phillips screwdriver to
remove the screw holding the slot’s blanking plate.
Remove screw
Remove blanking plate
Free slot
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
5 Insert your SCSI adapter card into the slot using both hands. Make sure it is
seated firmly in the slot. Then secure the card by replacing the screw used
for the blanking plate.
Replace screw
Insert SCSI adapter card
6 Attach the outer casing of the computer and any screws that were removed. Then
reconnect the computer to the electrical outlet but do not power it up yet.
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
Connecting the Drive
1 Connect one end of the SCSI cable to your SCSI adapter card.
SCSI adapter card connector
Connect SCSI cable
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
The connector of your SCSI adapter card may vary. The following are the
most common types of SCSI connector:
Half-pitch 50-pin D-sub
Half-pitch 50-pin Centronics
The CRW6416SX drive requires a half-pitch 50-pin D-sub connector. You
will need to obtain a SCSI cable with connectors suitable for both your drive
and your SCSI adapter card.
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
2 Connect the other end of the SCSI cable to the rear of your CRW6416SX
drive. Either SCSI connector (marked “SCSI-1” and “SCSI-2”) may be used.
SCSI connector
Connect SCSI cable
3 Connect the D-shaped end of the included power cable to the power
connector at the rear of your CRW6416SX drive. Connect the other end of
the cable to an electrical outlet.
Power connector
Power cable
Electrical outlet
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
4 Power up your CRW6416SX drive first, then your computer.
Power ON
Always power up the devices in your SCSI chain before powering up
your computer. This will ensure that they are recognized by the
computer’s operating system.
Do not disconnect any devices in your SCSI chain while the computer is on.
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
Verifying the Hardware Installation
Windows Users
1 When the computer’s operating system is loading, your SCSI adapter card
will be recognized and you will be prompted to install the drivers for it.
Follow the on-screen instructions and choose to reboot your computer at the
end of the driver installation procedure.
n For further details about installing the drivers for your SCSI adapter card, refer to the
documentation that came with it. Also refer to the documentation that came with your
computer’s operating system.
2
After the computer’s operating system has loaded, open the Control Panel and
double-click on the System icon. Select the Device Manager tab and double-click
on CDROM. If the drive has been correctly installed, it should be listed as
shown below. Similarly, double-click on SCSI controllers and the SCSI adapter
card should be listed as shown below if it has been properly installed.
n For more information about how to use the operating system, refer to the documentation that
came with it.
n If there is a
or
mark etc. next to the icon for the CRW6416SX drive or the SCSI
adapter card, this means that it has not been installed correctly.
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Setting Up The CRW6416SX Drive
3 Double-click “YAMAHA CRW6416S” listed under CDROM, and click the
Settings tab. Check the “Sync data transfer” checkbox. With “Sync data
transfer” enabled, the data transfer between your CRW6416SX drive and
your computer is synchronized, meaning that the maximum possible data
transfer rate can be achieved.
n Refer to the documentation that came with your SCSI card for further details.
4 Install the CD writing software.
n Refer to the documentation that came with the CD writing software for further details.
Macintosh Users
To check that the CRW6416SX drive is recognized correctly, you need to install
the CD writing software. Drivers will be installed that allow your Macintosh to
correctly recognize your CRW6416SX drive.
1 When your CRW6416SX drive and computer have powered up, install the
included CD writing software.
n The installer simplifies the installation process. For details about how to install the software,
refer to the documentation that came with it.
2 Restart your computer.
3 Start your CD writing software.
4 Check that the CRW6416SX drive is recognized correctly.
n For details on how to use the software, see the documentation that came with it.
21
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Operation
This section explains how to operate the CRW6416SX drive after you have
installed it.
Loading a Disc
1
2
1 Press the Eject button on the CRW6416SX drive’s front panel.
2 Place the disc onto the tray with its label or printing facing upward.
3 Press the Eject button to close the tray.
n When a disc is loaded, the ON/DISC LED is lit up in orange first, then changes to green. For
more details, refer to page 30.
n Do not push or pull the tray using excessive force. Doing so can damage the drive or the disc.
Instead, always use the Eject button to open or close the tray.
Ejecting the Disc
1
2
1 Press the Eject button on the CRW6416SX drive’s front panel.
2 Remove the disc from the tray.
3 Press the Eject button to close the tray.
n The disc tray will not open if the computer is not switched on. Also, depending on the SCSI
adapter card settings, it may not open if the drive is busy reading a disc.
n Only remove the disc after the disc tray has opened fully. Otherwise, you risk damaging the
drive or the disc.
22
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Operation
Manually Ejecting a Disc
If the disc tray fails to open for some reason, such as a power outage, it can be
opened manually.
Manual Eject hole
You should only attempt to eject a disc manually as a last resort.
Malfunctions may occur if you do this too frequently.
1 Power down the computer and the CRW6416SX drive.
2 Find a pin-like tool with a diameter of 2mm or less to fit through the Manual
Eject hole on the drive’s front panel.
n A straightened paper clip is ideal for this purpose.
3 Push the tool gently into the Manual Eject hole until the spring-loaded
mechanism ejects the tray and disc.
23
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Troubleshooting
Please also refer to the YAMAHA CD-R/RW Drives web site for more information.
YAMAHA CD-R/RW Drives web site URL:
The drive does not power up.
● Is the drive’s power cable attached correctly?
The computer does not start up.
● Is the SCSI card installed correctly? Please read the documentation that came
with your SCSI card for details.
The CRW6416SX drive is not recognized.
● Is the drive’s power cable attached correctly, and does the drive power up? Also,
is the SCSI cable connected correctly?
If the system has started up normally, you will be able to see the CRW6416SX drive
and SCSI card listed in Control Panel | System | Device Manager tab. The drive
will be listed as “Yamaha CRW6416S” when you double-click on CDROM and the
SCSI card will be listed when you double-click on SCSI controllers. (→P. 20)
When you power up your computer, you can access the machine’s hardware SCSI
BIOS settings before Windows is loaded. You can set your computer to recognize
the SCSI card and CRW6416SX drive in the BIOS.
n
Generally, the BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) is a small program that resides on a ROM chip
on the computer’s motherboard as well as on some expansion cards. It checks the system and its
devices (such as serial ports and hard disk controllers) before loading the operating system (OS).
● Are you using the correct SCSI driver?
If the SCSI card has not been installed correctly under Windows 95/98, make sure
that you have installed the most recent drivers supplied by the SCSI card
manufacturer.
If the SCSI card has not been installed correctly under Windows NT, update to
the most recent ASPI drivers supplied by the manufacturer of the SCSI card or
the CD-writing software.
For information about the latest version of any driver, please contact the
respective hardware/software manufacturers.
● Is the SCSI adapter card recognized correctly by the operating system (OS)?
The drivers for your SCSI adapter card may be incorrect. For more details,
contact the manufacturer of your SCSI adapter card.
● Is the drive’s SCSI ID number the same as that of another device on the SCSI
chain? (→P. 10)
● Are the pins and holes on the SCSI connectors straight and not deformed?
Check the connectors.
24
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Troubleshooting
● Is the terminator on the CRW6416SX drive set correctly?
It should be set to ON only if it is the last device on the SCSI chain. Otherwise,
it should be set to OFF. (→P. 11)
● To write to CD-R/RW discs, your CD writing software must support the
CRW6416SX drive.
To find out if it does, contact the manufacturer of your CD writing software.
The disc tray does not come out.
● Is the CRW6416SX drive powered up?
● Some CD writing applications will lock the disc tray once loaded.
In which case, use the eject command from within the application. Alternatively,
read the manual that came with the application.
The disc keeps being ejected.
● Has the disc been placed on the disc tray correctly?
The drive does not operate correctly.
● Is the disc compatible with the CRW6416SX drive?
n Even if the disc is of a type compatible with the CRW6416SX drive, some varieties of discs can
still be unreadable on it.
● Is there dust on the disc tray or on the disc itself?
● Is the terminator of the last device in the SCSI chain set to “ON.” Or if it has no
built-in termination, has a terminator been attached?
● Does your computer have several different CD writing applications installed?
If you use more than one CD writing application simultaneously, the behavior of
the drive can become unpredictable.
The drive ejects or fails to read the disc, or the ON/DISC LED
remains lit in orange after the disc has been loaded (meaning that
the disc has not been recognized). (→P. 30)
● Power down the computer. Then disconnect the SCSI cable from your drive but
leave the power cable connected. Now try loading the disc.
● There may be problems with the disc itself. If the drive fails to recognize a
variety of discs including audio CDs, CD-ROMs and blank CD-R/RW discs (the
ON/DISC LED remains lit in orange after any discs have been inserted), you
should contact your nearest Yamaha dealer.
25
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Troubleshooting
Errors occur when backing up at 6X speed from a separate CD-
ROM drive to the CRW6416SX drive.
● A possible reason is that the CD-ROM drive is not suitable. Please use a
high-speed CD-ROM drive. However, for various possible reasons, you
may still encounter errors even if you are using a 32X or 42X speed CD-
ROM drive. Therefore, before writing directly at 6X speed, you should
check that it is possible to do so by choosing to test before writing.
The “Buffer Underrun” error message is displayed.
● Try the following:
• Lower the writing speed setting (e.g., from 4x speed to 2x speed).
• Create an image file of the CD on the computer’s hard disk.
• Defragment the hard disk.
• Turn hard disk power management off.
• Deactivate the Active Desktop (if you are using Internet Explorer 4 or 5).
• Disable network access.
• Close other applications (including screen savers, task schedulers, etc.).
n Errors can occur if you knock the CRW6416SX drive while it is writing to disc.
n When using packet writing on a CD-RW disc, the actual data capacity is 100MB less than that
stated on the cover of the disc. The difference in capacity is dependent on the writing mode.
26
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Appendix
Writing Modes
Disc-at-Once (DAO)
This mode is used when writing a complete disc in a single pass without
pausing. Data cannot be added later, even if the full capacity of the blank disc
has not been used.
Example: General CD-ROM
0
650MB
Data
Track 1
Any remaining space
cannot be used
Session 1
Lead-in
Lead-out
Audio
Example: Audio CD
0
650MB
Audio
Audio
Audio
Audio
Audio
Audio
Track 1 Track 2 Track 3 Track 4 Track 5 Track 6 Track 7
Any remaining space
cannot be used
Session 1
Lead-in
Lead-out
n The lead-in and lead-out areas signify the beginning and end points of a session. They are not
part of the data but contain information about the session itself. Basically, a session consists of
a lead-in, data, and a lead-out.
Track-at-Once (TAO)
This mode is used when writing data to a disc one track at a time. More tracks
can be added later if there is enough space left on the disc. This is why Track-at-
Once mode is sometimes referred to as Multisession.
0
650MB
Data
Data
Data
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Any remaining space
can be used
Session 1
Session 2
Session 3
Lead-in
Lead-out
/Lead-in
Lead-out
/Lead-in
Lead-out
n Only the first session of a multisession disc can be played back on a conventional audio CD
player. Single session discs can be played back completely.
27
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Appendix
Session-at-Once (SAO)
This mode is used when writing each session in a single pass without pausing. More
sessions can be added later if there is enough space left on the disc.
Example: CD Extra
Audio
Audio
Track 2
Audio
Data
Track 4
Track 1
Track 3
(Session 1)
(Session 2)
n With CD Extra, the audio is written in the first session and the data is written in the second.
A maximum of 99 tracks can be written.
Packet Writing
This mode is used when writing to a track of a disc using small blocks of data called
“packets,” in a manner similar to a floppy disk. This mode is useful when making small
incremental backups of data. You will need to use software which specifically supports
packet writing, such as Adaptec’s DirectCD.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Packet
Same as writing to floppy or hard disk
n Discs must be formatted before they can be used for packet writing. With CD-RW, erased data
can be overwritten until the disc is completely full.
With CD-R, the space used by the erased data cannot be reused and is “masked” so that it is
no longer visible. This can be done up to 100 times.
28
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Appendix
About the Firmware
The “firmware” is a small piece of software built into the CRW6416SX drive, and
is used to control its basic operation. Since it resides in flash memory, it can be
overwritten and updated.
To ensure the correct operation of the CRW6416SX drive, updates to the
firmware will be made available. You can find information about the most recent
firmware for the drive on YAMAHA CD-R/RW Drives web site.
URL for YAMAHA CD-R/RW Drives web site
The most recent user support information, including firmware updates, can be
found in the CD-R area of Yamaha’s web site. Please check this information
regularly.
n The firmware is completely unrelated to the CD writing application software.
Determining the firmware version of the CRW6416SX drive
(in Windows 95/98)
Go to Control Panel | System | Device Manager tab, double-click on CDROM, then
double-click on Yamaha CRW6416S.
SCSI ID number
When updating
the CRW6416SX
drive’s firmware,
you will need to
enter its SCSI ID
number. You can
check the
number here.
Macintosh Users
Use your CD writing software to check the firmware version of your
CRW6416SX drive. For details on how to use the software, see the
documentation that came with it.
29
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Appendix
LED Indicator Messages
POWER
CRW6416SX
Status
ON/DISC LED
READ/WRITE LED
Power on (reset)
Ready (no disc)
Loading disc
Ejecting disc
Ready (disc loaded)
Seeking
Preparing to write
Writing
Writing (test mode)
Reading
● Lit: Orange
Lit: Green
Blinking: Orange
Blinking: Green
—: Off
30
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Appendix
CRW6416SX Specifications
Supported Write/Read Format
CD-DA
CD-ROM
CD-ROM XA
CD-I
CD-Bridge
CD Extra
Video CD
Note) Excludes ADPCM Encode/Decode & Video
Encode/Decode functions
Writing Methods
Disc-at-Once (DAO)
Session-at-Once (SAO)
Track-at-Once (TAO)
Packet writing
Writing/Reading Speed Writing CD-R
CD-RW
1X, 4X, 6X
2X, 4X
Reading 9X-16X (max) Partial CAV
Note) • CD-DA extraction: 10X (max)
• Drive can play CD-DA at 1X speed only
• Video CD: 6X (max)
• Disc (session closed)
CD-R: 16X (max) (10X max for packet writing)
CD-RW: 6X (max) (6X max for packet writing)
• Disc (session not closed): 6X (max)
CD-R
1X, 4X, 6X Writing: Orange Book Part II Ver. 2.0-specified
WO disc
Note) When writing at 6X speed, use discs made for high
speed recording
CD-RW 2X, 4X Writing/ReWriting: Orange Book Part III Version
2.0-specified RW discs
Note) When writing at 2X speed, Orange Book Part III
Version 1.0-specified RW discs available
Data Capacity
650MB (74 min.)
550MB (63 min.)
Data Transfer Rate
1X: 150 KB/sec
2X: 300 KB/sec
4X: 600 KB/sec
6X: 900 KB/sec
10X: 1,500 KB/sec
16X: 2,400 KB/sec
Burst Transfer Rate
Data Buffer Size
5MB/sec (max) (asynchronous)
10MB/sec (max) (synchronous)
2MB (666 sectors)
Average Random Access Time
180 msec (reading)
31
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Appendix
Sector Size
2048 ~ 2352 B
512 B (read only)
Interface
SCSI-2 (Fast SCSI)
Horizontal
Installing style
Disc Loading Type
Audio Out
Tray loading
Line Out
Frequency Range: 20 ~ 20,000Hz
Output Level: 1 Vrms
Voltage Rating
100 ~ 240V AC
Current Draw
0.4 A
Power Consumption
Operating Environment
17 W
Temperature +5°C ~ +40°C
Humidity
25% ~ 80% RH (no condensation)
Dimensions
(includes projection)
Width: 170 mm
Height: 67 mm
Depth: 324 mm
Weight
2.6 kg
The CRW6416SX series complies with the following specifications
Compliance Specifications
Details
Country / Region
Category
Item
Standards
Information Technology
Equipment
USA
Safety
Electrical
UL1950
Class 1 Laser Product
Laser
21CFR1040.10
FDA Chapter 1,
Subchapter J
Class B Computing Device
EMC
Emission
Electrical
47CFR15
FCC Part 15, Subpart B
CSA C22.2 No. 950
Canada
EU
Safety
Information Technology
Equipment
ICES-003
EN60950
Class B Computing Device
EMC
Safety
Emission
Electrical
Information Technology
Equipment
EN60825
Class 1 Laser Product
Laser
EMC
Immunity
EN55024
EN61000-3-2
EN61000-3-3
Residential, Commercial and
Light Industrial Areas
Class B Equipment
Class B Equipment
Emission
Emission
EN55022
Australia
New Zealand
EMC
AS/NZ 3548
Electrical
Japan’s Legal
Requirements for Electrical
Appliances and Materials
Conform to the Technical
Standard Appendix 8
Japan
Safety
Class B Equipment
Emission
VCCI
EMC
32
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Appendix
Index
R
A
Rear Panel............................................................9
Active Desktop ..................................................26
B
BIOS ..................................................................24
Buffer Underrun ................................................26
S
SCSI driver ........................................................24
SCSI ID number ................................................10
Setup Flowchart (Macintosh Users) ....................2
Setup Flowchart (Windows Users) ......................1
C
CD-DA ................................................................6
CD-R discs ..........................................................6
CD-RW discs ......................................................6
CDR IDE selector switch......................................9
D
Data CD ..............................................................6
Device Manager..................................................20
Disc tray ..............................................................8
Disc-at-Once (DAO) ..........................................27
T
Termination........................................................11
E
V
Eject button ........................................................8
Ejecting a Disc ..................................................22
Video CD ............................................................6
F
firmware ............................................................29
Front Panel ..........................................................8
H
Headphone jack ..................................................8
Headphone volume control..................................8
L
lead-in................................................................27
lead-out..............................................................27
LED Indicator ....................................................30
LINE OUT connector ..........................................9
Loading a Disc ..................................................22
M
Manual Eject hole ..........................................8, 23
Manually Ejecting a Disc....................................23
Multisession ......................................................27
O
ON/DISC LED......................................................8
P
packet ................................................................28
Packet Writing ..................................................28
Philips Screwdriver ..............................................7
Power connector ..................................................9
Power switch........................................................8
33
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Distributors and Head Offices / Bertrieb und HauptgeschŠftsstelle
Distributeurs et si•ges sociaux / Distribuidores y Casas matrices
If you have any questions, please contact your
dealer or one of the following companies.
FRANCE
Yamaha Musique France S.A.
B.P. 70, 77312 Marne-la Vallée Cedex 2,
FRANCE
Pour plus de détails sur les produits, veuillez
vous adresser à Yamaha ou au distributeur le
plus proche figurant dans la liste suivante :
TEL: +33 1 6461 4060
FAX: +33 1 6461 4097
Bei weiteren Fragen wenden Sie sich Sitte an
Ihren Händler oder eine der folgenden Firmen.
ITALY
Yamaha Musica Italia s.p.a.
Keyboard & Multimedia Division
Viale Italia 88, 20020, Lainate (Milano) ITALY
TEL: +39 2 935771
Si tiene alguna pregunta, por favor póngase en
contacto con su distribuidor o una de las
siguientes empresas:
FAX: +39 2 9370956
JAPAN
Yamaha Corporation
Electronic Systems Division
203 Matsunokijima, Toyooka-mura, Iwata-gun,
Shizuoka-ken, 438-0192 JAPAN
TEL: +81 539 62 3125
FAX: +81 539 62 5346
SWEDEN and SCANDINAVIA
Yamaha Scandinavia AB
J A Wettergrens Gate 1, Box 300 53,
S-400 43 Gothenburg SWEDEN
TEL: +46 31 89 34 00
FAX: +46 31 45 96 07
U.S.A
Yamaha Systems Technology, Inc.
100 Century Center Court, San Jose, CA 95112
U.S.A
SPAIN and PORTUGAL
Yamaha-Hanzen Electronica
Musical, S.A.
Jorge Juan, 30, 28001
Madrid, Spain
TEL: +34 91 577 7270
FAX: +34 91 576 6235
TEL: +1 408 467 2330
FAX: +1 408 437 8791
CANADA
Yamaha Canada Music Ltd.
135 Milner Avenue, Scarborough,
Ontario M1S 3R1, CANADA
TEL: +1 416 298 1311
FAX: +1 416 292 0732
AUSTRALIA
Yamaha Music Australia
PTY., LTD.
17-33 Market Street,
South Melbourne,
Vic. 3205
Australia
TEL: +61 3 9693 5111
FAX: +61 3 9699 2332
UNITED KINGDOM, BENELUX,
GREECE, CYPRUS, TURKEY and
EGYPT
Yamaha-Kemble Music (U.K.) Ltd.
Media Technology Division
Sherbourne Drive, Tilbrook, Milton Keynes
MK7 8BL ENGLAND
SINGAPORE, MALAYSIA, INDIA,
INDONESIA and PHILIPPINES
Yamaha Systems Technology, Singapore Pte Ltd.
138 Cecil Street, #03-01A Cecil Court,
SINGAPORE 069538
TEL: +44 1 908 366700
FAX: +44 1 908 368872
TEL: +65 225 0050
FAX: +65 225 3669
GERMANY, SWITZERLAND,
AUSTRIA, EASTERN EUROPE and
RUSSIA
Yamaha EUROPA GmbH
Yamaha Systems Technology EUROPE
Siemensstrasse 22-34,
TAIWAN
Yamaha KHS Music Co., Ltd.
11F, No.150, Tun Hua North Rd.
Taipei ,Taiwan R.O.C.
D-25462 Rellingen, GERMANY
TEL: +49 4101 303 200
FAX: +49 4101 303 277
TEL: +886 2 2713 8999
FAX: +886 2 2713 8666
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