Centrifugal
Water Chillers
Model CVGF
Water-Cooled Hermetic Centrifugal
Refrigeration Capacities From
400 to 1000Tons (1400 kW-3510 kW)
50 and 60 Hz
September 2004
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Contents
Introduction
2
4
Features and Benefits
Application Considerations
General Data
9
10
12
13
17
19
23
Jobsite Connections
Controls
Physical Dimensions
Mechanical Specifications
Conversion Table
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Features and
Benefits
Applications
• Comfort cooling
• Industrial process cooling
Standard CVGF Features
The following features are provided as
standard with allTrane Model CVGF
chillers:
• Hermetic two-stage centrifugal
compressor-motor assembly with
integral lubrication system and
economizer cycle
Environmental Features and
Benefits
Improved Efficiency:
• High Efficiency: 0.55 kW/Ton at ARI
conditions
• Motor cooling vented to economizer
cycle, efficiency advantage
• HFC-134 optimized inlet guide vanes
and impellers for improved cycle
efficiency using computational fluid
dynamics
Patents
• Polygon drive for refrigeration
compressor impellers
• Centrifugal compressor sump
demister
• Evaporator and condenser assembly
• Prewired instrument and control
panel
• Internal oil filter
• Thermosiphonic oil cooler
• Compressor height and alignment
adjustment
• Oil charge
• Integral oil heaters
• Oil return using hot gas for motive
force
• Centrifugal impeller assembly
• Internal oil filter
Reduced Emissions:
• Isolation pads
• Over 30 percent joint reduction in
compressor/motor assembly
compared to previous designs
• Patented integral heaters imbedded
into the compressor casting, no seals
no leaks
• Wiring and oil system interconnection
to main control panel
• Advance motor protection
•Two-stage gear drive with
economized cycle for high efficiency
and high reliability
• Liquid cooled hermetic induction
motor; the motor operates at lower
temperatures for longer motor life
Orifice System
• Simplified orifice system with
improved part load performance
down to 20 percent part load
• Beaded flat gasket technology instead
of O-rings, lower susceptibility to
developing leaks
• Minimal NPT pipe threads on chiller
system, SAE O-ring boss fitting, lower
leak potential
• Oil sump internal to compressor/
motor assembly with internal pump/
motor; eliminates vent and drain
lines, leak prevention
• Patented internal oil filter prevents
leaks and contamination from pipes;
filter is isolated and easily replaced
• Advanced evaporator design
minimizes the refrigerant charge; a
reduced charge reduces the exposure
to the environment in the event of a
catastrophic charge loss
Advanced Heat Transfer Surfaces
• Evaporator and condenser tubes use
the latest heat transfer surfaces
• Less refrigerant needed due to
advanced patented evaporator design
Optional Features
• Unit and remote wye-delta mounted
starters
Compact Size
• Unit mounted, floor mounted, and
wall mounted solid state starters.
• Across-the-line, Primary Reactor, and
AutoTransformer Remote mounted
starter for medium/high voltage
• Marine waterboxes for evaporator
and condenser
• Factory-applied thermal insulation
• One-inch deflection spring isolators
for vibration-sensitive installations
• Refrigerant available from a local
distributor
• Designed with the retrofit and
replacement market in mind
• The 400 to 500 NTON sizes can fit
through most double-width doors
• Small footprint of the CVGF chiller
saves valuable equipment room
space
Simple Installation
• Simplified piping; the only water
piping required is for the evaporator
and condenser
Additional Features and
Benefits
• Building automation systems (BAS)
Interface
• Factory testing
• Simple power connection
• Unit mounted starter eliminates
additional jobsite labor requirements
• Patented polygon attachment instead
of a keyed shaft, self-balancing
• Easy to replace motor terminals
• Motor/stator assembly is easily
removed; speed assembly can be
removed independent of the high-
speed assembly
• Rolling element bearings
• Hydrodynamic bearings
• Advanced evaporator design:
no eliminator necessary with an
advanced suction baffle design
• All metric fasteners
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Features and
Benefits
DynaView receives information from
and communicates information to the
other devices on the chiller’s
communications link. DynaView
performs the Leaving ChilledWater
Temperature and Limit Control
algorithms, arbitrating capacity against
any operating limit against which the
chiller may find itself working.
DynaView can be connected to the
service tool using a standard 9-pin
male, 9-pin female RS-232 serial cable.
The serial connection is located at the
bottom of the DynaView panel behind
a sliding door.
Microprocessor Controls with
CH530
DynaView Operator Interface
DynaView™ is the unit-mounted control
panel and also serves as the main
processor and operator interface. It has
a touch-sensitive overlay on a 1/4
VGA display.
• Auto/Stop commands
• Status (all subsystems)
DynaView presents information through
an intuitive, tabbed- navigation system.
Alternate languages can be downloaded
to the control panel, which can hold
English plus two other languages at
one time.
• Setpoint adjustment
(daily user points)
• 10 active diagnostics
• Mode overrides
• ASHRAE chiller log
Touch sensitive screen provides information
and navigation at the same time
Change setpoints and settings with touch
screen commands
Displays chiller status and operating points.
Touch for more information
lf diagnostic exists, an alarm indicator will
appear. Press for detail.
Auto / Stop
Contrast Control
Extensive diagnostics customized to the
chillar type installed-centrifugal, helical
rotary, or absorption
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Features and
Benefits
TechView is designed to run on a
customer’s laptop, which connects to
DynaView with a serial cable.
DynaView’s serial port is located
behind a sliding door on the bottom of
the DynaView enclosure. It uses a
standard 9-pin male and 9-pin female
RS-232 cable.
Serviceability
TechView™
PreviousTrane chiller controllers
included a user interface that presented
all chiller data necessary for both daily
tasks and service or maintenance tasks.
The amount of information presented
on a limited display made a number of
tasks difficult. A service technician’s
ability to assess and resolve chiller
problems was hampered by the limited
presentation of multiple pieces of
chiller information.
All chiller status, machine configuration
settings, customizable limits, and up to
60 active or historic diagnostics are
displayed through the service-tool
software interface. Any PC that meets
the system requirements may
download the service interface
software and DynaView updates from
Hardware requirements forTechView:
• Pentium II, III, or higher processor
• 128 MB RAM
• 1024 x 768 resolution
• CD-ROM
TheTracer chiller controller adds a level
of sophistication better served by a PC
application that improves service
technician effectiveness and minimizes
chiller downtime. The Tracer chiller
controller provides a user interface and
main processor, DynaView, that is
intended to serve only typical daily
tasks. The portable, PC-based service
tool software,TechView, supports
service and maintenance tasks.
• 56K modem
• 9-pin RS232 serial connection
• Windows® 95, 98, 2000
TheTracer chiller controller will be
gradually applied to allTrane chillers.
TechView will then serve as a common
interface to allTrane chillers, and will
customize itself based on the
properties of the chiller with which it is
communicating. Thus, the service
technician learns only one service
interface.
The panel bus is easy to troubleshoot,
using LED verification of sensors. Only
the defective device is replaced.
Captive screws ensure that the
appropriate mounting hardware is
available.TechView can communicate
with individual devices or groups of
devices.
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Features and
Benefits
• Time of day scheduling: allows the
end user to define the occupancy
period, i.e. time of the day, holiday
periods and exception schedules.
Feedforward Adaptive
Control
TheTracer chiller controller allows the
system designer to explore energy
saving strategies and allows the
centrifugal chiller to be used in ways
that were never thought possible.
Building Automation and
Chiller Plant Control
For a preprogrammable and flexible
building automation and chiller plant
control,Trane has developed theTracer
Summit™. It can control the operation
of the complete installation: chillers,
pumps, cooling towers, isolating
valves, air handlers and terminal units.
Trane can undertake full responsibility
for an optimized automation and
energy management for the entire
chiller plant.
• Optimization of the start/stop time of
the installation: based on the
programmed schedule of occupancy
and on the historical record of the
behavior of the temperatures,
calculates the optimal time of start
and stop of the installation to get the
best compromise between energy
savings and comfort of the occupants.
Feedforward Adaptive Control
Feedforward is an open-loop,
predictive control strategy designed to
anticipate and compensate for load
changes. It uses evaporator entering-
water temperature as an indication of
load change. This allows the controller
to respond faster and maintain stable
leaving-water temperatures.
• Soft loading: the soft loading function
minimizes the number of chillers that
are operated to satisfy the building
morning pull down, thus preventing
an overshoot of the actual capacity
required. Unnecessary starts are
avoided and the peak current demand
is lowered.
The main functions are:
• Chiller sequencing: equalizes the
number of running hours of the
chillers. Different control strategies are
available depending on the
Soft Loading
The chiller controller uses soft loading
except during manual operation. Large
adjustments due to load or setpoint
changes are made gradually,
configuration of the installation.
• Control of the auxiliaries: includes
input/output modules to control the
operation of the various auxiliary
equipments (water pumps, valves,
cooling towers, etc.)
preventing the compressor from
cycling unnecessarily. It does this by
internally filtering the setpoints to avoid
reaching the differential-to-stop or the
current limit. Soft loading applies to the
leaving chilled-water temperature and
current-limit setpoints.
Multi-Objective Limit Arbitration
There are many objectives that the
controller must meet, but it cannot
satisfy more than one objective at a
time.Typically, the controller’s primary
objective is to maintain the evaporator
leaving-water temperature.
Whenever the controller senses that it
can no longer meet its primary
objective without triggering a
protective shutdown, it focuses on the
most critical secondary objective.
When the secondary objective is no
longer critical, the controller reverts to
its primary objective.
Fast Restart
While the inlet guide vanes are closing,
the controller will allow the centrifugal
chiller to restart and going to a
postlube operational mode. If the
chiller shuts down on a nonlatching
diagnostic, the diagnostic has 30–60
seconds to clear itself and initiate a fast
restart. This includes momentary
power losses.
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Features and
Benefits
• Communication capabilities: several
communication levels are provided:
— local, through a PC workstation
keyboard. Summit can be
Integrated Comfort™ System (ICS)
The onboardTracer chiller controller is
designed to be able to communicate
with a wide range of building
automation systems.To take full
advantage of the capabilities of the
chiller, incorporate your chiller into a
Tracer Summit building automation
system.
programmed to send messages to
local or remote workstations and
or a pager in the following cases:
— Analog parameter exceeding a
programmed value.
— Maintenance warning.
But the benefits do not stop at the
chiller plant. AtTrane, we realize that all
energy used in your cooling system is
important. That is why we worked
closely with other equipment
manufacturers to predict the energy
required by the entire system. We
used this information to create
— Component failure alarm.
— Critical alarm messages. In this
latter case, the message is
displayed until the operator
acknowledges the receipt of the
information. From the remote
station it is also possible to access
and modify the chiller plant’s
control parameters.
patented control logic for optimizing
the HVAC system efficiency.
• Remote communication through a
modem: As an option, a modem can
be connected to communicate the
plant operation parameters through
voice grade phone lines.
The building owner’s challenge is to tie
components and applications expertise
into a single reliable system that
provides maximum comfort, control
and efficiency.Trane’s Integrated
Comfort™ systems (ICS) are a concept
that combines system components,
controls and engineering applications
expertise into a single, logical and
efficient system. These advanced
controls are fully commissioned and
available on every piece ofTrane
equipment, from the largest chiller to
the smallest VAV box. As a
The remote terminal is a PC
workstation equipped with a modem
and software to display the remote
plant parameters.
Chiller-Tower Optimization
Tracer Summit™ chiller-tower
optimization extends Adaptive Control™
to the rest of the chiller plant. Chiller-
tower optimization is a unique control
algorithm for managing the chiller and
cooling-tower subsystem. It considers
the chiller load and real-time ambient
conditions, then optimizes the tower
setpoint temperature to maximize the
efficiency of the subsystem.
manufacturer, onlyTrane offers this
universe of equipment, controls and
factory installation and verification.
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Features and
Benefits
The length of the resultant vector V is
proportional to the kinetic energy
available for conversion to static
pressure in the volute. Consequently,
for a given compressor,Vt is fixed and
Vr varies with the cooling load. With the
chiller unloading, the pressure
differential between evaporator and
condenser decreases. The compressor
matches the new load and the lower
“head” by closing the inlet guide
vanes.
Two-Stage Compressor
Widens the Application
Range
Why Centrifugal Compressors Surge
Centrifugal compressors produce their
pressure differential (head) by
converting the kinetic energy of the gas
leaving the impeller into static
pressure. The velocity of this gas is the
result of two components:
•The radial velocity component Vr,
which is directly proportional to the
refrigerant gas flow Q.
• The tangential velocity component Vt,
which is a function of both impeller
diameter D and the rotational speed
rpm.
This reduces the gas flow it draws in
and modifies its direction. Component
Vr decreases accordingly, the vector
diagram shifts and at some point, the
balance of forces breaks down.
As pressurized gas rushes backwards
through the impeller, the pressure in
the gas passages falls, allowing the
compressor to restore the balance of
forces. If the process repeats itself, the
compressor is said to surge.
1 -Vr = f (Q)
2 - Vt = f (D, RPM)
3 - V = Resultant
4 - RPM
5 - D
6 - Q
Two-Stage Compressors Surge Less
and Later
1 - Load Line
2 - Surge Line
3 - A
To produce the same head as a single-
stage compressor, two-stage machines
use two small diameter impellers.
Component Vt is the same as on each
stage, thoughVr is the same as on a
single-stage compressor.This results in
a better balance of forces at low loads
and produces a machine with a wider
unloading capability.
4 - B
5 - 40%
6 - 90° Vanes
7 - 100%
8 - Compressor Head
9 - Refrigerant Gas Flow
InTrane centrifugal chillers, gas
prerotation vanes ahead of the
compression stage improve impeller
aerodynamic efficiency, resulting in
smoother unloading and reducing
power consumption.
Typical single-stage compressor
performance curve
The curves show that two-stage
compressors surge less and later than
single-stage machines. Intersection
point B, when the load line meets the
surge area, corresponds to a higher
part load for the single-stage
compressor than would be the case
with a two-stage compressor.Two
stage machines, therefore, have a
wider range of applications.
1 - Load Line
2 - Surge Line
3 - A
4 - B
5 - 20%
6 - 90°
7 - 80°
8 - 70° Vanes
9 - 100%
10 - Compressor Head
11 - Refrigerant Gas Flow
Typical two-stage compressor
performance curve
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Application
Considerations
Water Flow
Condenser Water Limitations
Today’s technology challenges ARI’s
traditional design of three gpm per ton
through the condenser. Reduced
condenser flows are a simple and
effective way to reduce both first and
operating costs for the entire chiller
plant. This design strategy will require
more effort from the chiller. But pump
and tower savings will typically offset
any penalty.This is especially true
when the plant is partially loaded or
condenser relief is available.
Temperature
Trane centrifugal chillers start and
operate over a range of load conditions
with controlled water temperatures.
Reducing the condenser water
temperature is an effective method of
lowering the chiller power input.
However, the effect of lowering the
condenser water temperature may
cause an increase in system power
consumption.
In many applicationsTrane centrifugal
chillers can start and operate without
control of the condenser water
In new systems, the benefits can
include dramatic savings with:
• Size and cost for condenser lines and
valves
• Size and cost of the cooling tower.
• Size and cost of the water pumps.
• Pump energy (30 to 35% reduction).
•Tower fan energy(30 to 35%
reduction).
temperature. However, for optimum
system power consumption, and for
any applications with multiple chillers,
control of the condenser water circuit is
recommended. Integrated control of
the chillers, pumps and towers is easily
accomplished withTrane’s CH530 and/
orTracer system.
Replacement chiller plants can reap
even greater benefits from low flow
condensers. Because the water lines
and tower are already in place, reduced
flows would offer a tremendous energy
advantage.Theoretically, a 2 GPM/ton
design applied to a system that
originally used 3 GPM/ton would offer
a 70% reduction in pump energy. At the
same time, the original tower would
require a nozzle change but would then
be able to produce about two degrees
colder condenser water than before.
These two benefits would again
Chillers are designed to ARI conditions
of 29.4°C (85°F), butTrane centrifugal
chillers can operate to a five psig
pressure differential between the
condenser and evaporator at any
steady state load without oil loss, oil
return, motor cooling, refrigerant hang-
up problems. And this differential can
equate to safe minimum entering
condenser water temperatures at or
below 12.8°C (55°F), dependent on a
variety of factors such as load, leaving
evaporator temperature and
typically offset any extra effort required
by the chiller.
component combinations. Start-up
below this differential is possible as
well, especially with CH530 soft start
features
Contact your localTrane Sales Office
for information regarding optimum
condenser water temperatures and
flow rates for a specific application.
Water Pumps
Avoid specifying or using 3600 rpm
condenser and chilled water pumps.
Such pumps may operate with
objectionable noises and vibrations. In
addition, a low frequency beat may
occur due to the slight difference in
operating rpm between water pumps
and centrifugal motors. Where noise
and vibration-free operation are
important, The Trane Company
encourages the use of 1750 rpm
pumps.
Water Treatment
The use of untreated or improperly
treated water in a chiller may result in
scaling, erosion, corrosion, algae or
slime. It is recommended that the
services of a qualified water treatment
specialist be used to determine what
treatment, if any, is advisable.The
Trane Company assumes no
responsibility for the results of
untreated, or improperly treated water.
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General
Data
Table GD-1 – Model CVGF Description
Model
CVGF
Nominal Cooling Capacity
NTON
400
500
500
650
800
1000
Heat Exchanger Size
Evaporator
Condenser
EVSZ
CDSZ
500
500
500
500
700
700
700
700
1000
1000
1000
1000
Heat Exchanger Bundles
Evaporator
EVBS
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
D = Extra Large
D = Extra Large
Condenser
CDBS
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
A = Small
B = Medium
C = Large
D = Extra Large
D = Extra Large
Heat Exchanger Tube
Evaporator
EVTM
IE25 - 0.635 mm W 25.4 mm Internally Enhanced
(IE25 - 0.025” W 1.00” Internally Enhanced)
TE25 - 0.635 mm W19 mm Internally Enhanced
(TE25 - 0.025” W 0.75” Internally Enhanced)
Condenser
CDTM
IE28 - 0.711 mm W 25.4 mm Internally Enhanced
(IE28 - 0.028” W 1.00” Internally Enhanced)
TE28 - 0.711 mm W 19 mm Internally Enhanced
(TE28 - 0.028” W 0.75” Internally Enhanced)
Evap/Cond Working Pressure
bar
10
psi
150
Evap/Cond Water Connection
Victaulic Connection
Flanged Adaptor (English Unit)
Flanged Adaptor (SI Unit)
Agency Approvals (Chiller)
Motor Volt/Hz
UL-CUL Listed/ASME
CE Approval/PED (European Code)
380/400/415/3300/6600Volts – 50 Hz
380/460/575/3300/4160Volts – 60 Hz
Starter*
Unit Mounted
Wye-Delta, Solid-State Inside the Delta
Remote Mounted
Wye-Delta, Solid-State Inside the Delta, *Across-the-line, *Primary Reactor, *AutoTransformer
*Medium Voltage (3300, 4160, 6600) StarterTypes - Full Voltage (X-Line), Primary Reactor, AutoTransformer
Table GD-2 – Weight
Without Starter
With Starter
Operating Shipping
Shell Size
Evaporator
Operating
Shipping
Model
CVGF
CVGF
CVGF
CVGF
CVGF
Compressor
400 - 500
500
Condenser
500
700
700
1000
1000
lbs
kgs
lbs
kgs
8916
11609
12267
16160
16531
lbs
kgs
lbs
kgs
500
700
700
1000
1000
22391
29438
30889
41646
42462
10157
13353
14011
18891
19261
19656
25593
27044
35627
36443
23336
30383
31765
42522
43407
10585
13782
14409
19288
19689
20601
26538
27920
36503
37388
9345
12038
12665
16558
16959
650
800
1000
**Note:Values represent estimate maximum unit weights including shells withTECU tubes, max bundles, 2 pass evaporator and condenser, 150 psig non-
marine waterboxes, and compressors with the largest, low voltage motors for each family.
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General 50 and 60 Hz SI Units
Data and (English Units)
Table GD-3 – Evaporator and Condenser Flow rates
(Minimum and Maximum, liters per second, gallons per minute)
High Efficiency Shells - 0.75 inch (19 mm) Int. Enhanced CuTube:
Condenser:
Nominal Shell
Bundle Size
Number of Passes
Min Flow lps (gpm)
500
Small
2
500
Medium
2
500
Large
2
700
Small
2
700
Medium
2
700
Large
2
1000
Small
2
1000
Medium
2
1000
Large
2
74 (1176)
272 (4311)
1000
Extra Large
2
77 (1213)
280 (4447)
31 (487)
34 (542)
37 (586)
42 (668)
47 (744)
52 (816)
59 (938)
67 (1056)
Max Flow lps (gpm) 113 (1786) 125 (1987) 136 (2148) 155 (2450) 172 (2727) 189 (2993) 217 (3441) 244 (3874)
Evaporator:
Nominal Shell
Bundle Size
Number of Passes
500
Small
2
500
Medium
2
500
Large
2
700
Small
2
700
Medium
2
700
Large
2
1000
Small
2
1000
Medium
2
1000
Large
2
1000
Extra Large
2
Min Flow lps (gpm) 26 (407)
Max Flow lps (gpm) 94 (1493)
Evaporator:
29 (458)
32 (511)
36 (566)
40 (628)
44 (698)
52 (822)
58 (921)
64 (1021)
236 (3745)
72 (1136)
263 (4165)
106 (1680) 118 (1873) 131 (2077) 145 (2304) 161 (2559) 190 (3013) 213 (3377)
Nominal Shell
Bundle Size
Number of Passes
500
Small
3
500
Medium
3
500
Large
3
700
Small
3
700
Medium
3
700
Large
3
1000
Small
3
1000
Medium
3
1000
Large
3
1000
Extra Large
3
Min Flow lps (gpm) 17 (271)
Max Flow lps (gpm) 63 (995)
19 (305)
71 (1120)
21 (340)
79 (1248)
24 (378)
87 (1385)
26 (419)
97 (1536)
29 (465)
35 (548)
39 (614)
43 (681)
158 (2497)
48 (757)
175 (2777)
108 (1706) 127 (2009) 142 (2251)
Standard Efficiency Shells - 1.00 inch (25.4 mm) Int. Enhanced CuTube:
Condenser:
Nominal Shell
Bundle Size
Number of Passes
500
Small
2
500
Medium
2
500
Large
2
700
Small
2
700
Medium
2
700
Large
2
1000
Small
2
1000
Medium
2
1000
Large
2
1000
Extra Large
2
Min Flow lps (gpm) 31 (499)
35 (557)
38 (606)
43 (682)
48 (764)
53 (838)
58 (925)
64 (1020)
75 (1172)
276 (4372)
83 (1307)
302 (4792)
Max Flow lps (gpm) 115 (1831) 129 (2041) 140 (2221) 158 (2501) 177 (2801) 194 (3071) 214 (3391) 236 (3741)
Evaporator:
Nominal Shell
Bundle Size
Number of Passes
500
Small
2
500
Medium
2
500
Large
2
700
Small
2
700
Medium
2
700
Large
2
1000
Small
2
1000
Medium
2
1000
Large
2
1000
Extra Large
2
Min Flow lps (gpm) 28 (447)
Max Flow lps (gpm) 103 (1638) 115 (1818)
31 (496)
35 (550)
39 (625)
45 (706)
49 (784)
49 (781)
57 (896)
63 (1003)
232 (3678)
70 (1115)
258 (4090)
127 (2018) 145 (2293) 163 (2589)
181 (2874) 181 (2864) 207 (3287)
Evaporator:
Nominal Shell
Bundle Size
Number of Passes
Min Flow lps (gpm)
Max Flow lps (gpm) 69 (1092)
500
Small
3
500
Medium
3
21 (330)
76 (1212)
500
Large
3
23 (367)
85 (1346)
700
Small
3
26 (417)
96 (1529)
700
Medium
3
700
Large
3
1000
Small
3
1000
Medium
3
1000
Large
3
42 (669)
15 (2452)
1000
Extra Large
3
47 (744)
172 (2726)
19 (298)
30 (471)
33 (523)
33 ((521)
38 (598)
109 (1726) 121 (1916) 120 (1909) 138 (2191)
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Jobsite
Connections
Figure J-1 — Electric Connections
Supply and Motor Lead
Terminal Lugs (Field-Supplied)
Wiring and Connections
Copper conductors only should be
connected to the compressor motor
due to the possibility of galvanic
corrosion as a result of moisture if
aluminum conductors are used.
Copper conductors are recommended
for supply leads in the starter panel.
Connection Pad
Suggested starter panel line and load
side lug sizes (when lugs are provided)
are noted in the starter submittals.
These submitted lug sizes should be
carefully reviewed for compatibility
with conductor sizes specified by the
electrical engineer or contractor. If they
are not compatible, the electrical
engineer or contractor should specify
the required lug sizes for the particular
application. Ground lugs are provided
in the motor terminal box and starter
panel. The motor terminals are
Motor
Terminal
Stud
3/8” Bolt
Shipment and Assembly
All style hermetic centrifugal units ship
as a factory assembled, factory tested
package, ready to rig into place on
factory supplied isolation pads.
supplied with connection pads which
will accommodate bus bars or
standard terminal lugs (crimp type
recommended).Terminal lugs are field-
supplied. These connection pads
provide additional surface area to
minimize improper electrical
connections. Also, a 3/8-inch bolt is
provided on all connection pads for
mounting the lugs. Figure J-1 illustrates
the connection between the motor
connection pads and the terminal lugs.
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Standard Features
Controls
Motor Control and Compressor
Protection
Standard Features
Field Connection
Chilled-Water Reset
Chilled-water reset reduces energy
consumption during periods of the
year when heating loads are high and
cooling loads are reduced. It is based
on return chilled-water temperature.
Resetting the chilled-water temperature
reduces the amount of work that the
compressor must do by increasing the
evaporator refrigerant pressure. This
increased evaporator pressure reduces
the pressure differential the
This includes all functions that start,
run, and stop the motor.The starter
module provides the interface and
control ofY-delta, across-the-line,
primary reactor, autotransformer, and
solid-state starters. The motor control
also provides protection to both the
motor and the compressor.
The field-connected elements are
involved in physically turning the chiller
on or off. This involves ensuring that
the chiller is not in an emergency or
external stop condition, starting the
pumps, and verifying that flow has
been established. The optional, factory-
supplied flow switch or a
PhaseVoltage Sensors – 3 phase
Includes factory-installed potential
transformers in the starter for
monitoring and displaying phase
voltage and provides over/
undervoltage protection. DynaView,
TechView andTracer Summit display
the following:
customer-supplied differential-
pressure switch can be used to prove
flow.
compressor must generate while in the
heat recovery mode. Chilled-water
reset is also used in combination with
the hot-water control. By resetting the
chilled-water temperature upward, the
compressor can generate a higher
condenser pressure, resulting in higher
leaving hot-water temperatures.
Heat Exchanger Control
Fundamental internal variables that are
necessary to control the chiller are
gathered and acted upon by the heat
exchanger control function.
• Compressor phase voltage
(a-b, b-c, c-a)
• Kilowatts
• Power factor (uncorrected)
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Optional
Features
Controls
condenser pressure rises too high, the
controller’s Adaptive Control logic
limits the loading of the chiller to
prevent the chiller from shutting down
on a safety limit. These limits may
prevent the chiller from reaching the
load requested by the Base Loading
signal.
maintain the setpoint. Heating is the
primary mission and cooling is a waste
product or a secondary mission.
This technique provides application
flexibility, especially in multiple-chiller
plants in conjunction with undersized
heating plants.
Extended Operation Package
Select the extended-operation package
for chillers that require external, hot
water control, and/or base-loading
capabilities. This package also includes
a 4-20 mA or 0-10 Vdc analog input for
a refrigerant monitor.
• External base-loading control input
• External base-loading setpoint
• External hot-water control input
• Refrigerant monitor input
The chiller needs only one condenser
for hot-water control, whereas Heat
Recovery uses a secondary condenser.
An alternative and less radical
approach to Base Loading indirectly
controls chiller capacity. Artificially
load the chiller by setting the chilled-
water setpoint lower than it is capable
of achieving.Then, modify the chiller’s
load by adjusting the current-limit
setpoint. This approach provides
greater safety and control stability
because it leaves the chilled-water
temperature-control logic in effect.
The chilled-water temperature control
responds more quickly to dramatic
system changes and limits chiller
loading prior to reaching an Adaptive
Control limit.
Refrigerant Monitor
The Extended Operation package
allows for a refrigerant monitor to send
a 4-20 mA signal to the DynaView
display. It can be calibrated to
Base-Loading Control
This feature allows an external
controller to directly modulate the
capacity of the chiller. It is typically used
in applications where virtually infinite
sources of evaporator load and
condenser capacity are available and it
is desirable to control the loading of the
chiller.Two examples are industrial
process applications and cogeneration
plants. Industrial process applications
might use this feature to impose a
specific load on the facility’s electrical
system. Cogeneration plants might use
this feature to balance the system’s
heating, cooling, and electrical
correspond to either 0-100 ppm or 0-
1,000 ppm concentration levels.
The concentration level is displayed at
DynaView, but the chiller will not take
any action based on the input from the
refrigerant monitor.
Alternatively, a refrigerant monitor can
be connected toTracer Summit, which
has the ability to increase ventilation in
the equipment room in response to
high refrigerant concentrations.
Hot-Water Control
This feature allows an external
controller to enable/disable and
modulate the hot-water control mode.
Occasionally, centrifugal chillers are
used to provide heating as a primary
mission. In this case the external
controller or operator would select a
hot-water temperature setpoint and the
chiller capacity would be modulated to
generation.
All chiller safeties and Adaptive Control
functions are in full effect when Base
Loading is enabled. If the chiller
approaches full current, the evaporator
temperature drops too low, or the
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Standard
Protections
Controls
Tracer™ Chiller Controller
Evaporator Limit Protection
Low Differential Oil-Pressure
Protection
Oil pressure is indicative of oil flow and
active oil-pump operation. A significant
drop in oil pressure indicates a failure
of the oil pump, oil leakage, or other
blockage in the oil-circuit.
Evaporator Limit is a control algorithm
that prevents the chiller tripping on its
low refrigerant-temperature cutout. The
machine may run up to the limit but
not trip. Under these conditions the
intended chilled-water setpoint may
not be met, but the chiller will do as
much as it can. The chiller will deliver
as much cold water as possible even
under adverse conditions.
The chiller controller uses proportional-
integral-derivative (PID) control for all
limits—there is no dead band. This
removes oscillation above and below
setpoints and extends the capabilities
of the chiller.
The differential pressure during oil
pump, compressor prelube mode
should not fall below 12 psid. A failure
on this parameter generates a shutdown
diagnostic. When the compressor is
running, a diagnostic is issued when
the differential pressure is lost.
Some of the standard protection
features of the chiller controller are
described in this section. There are
additional protection features not listed
here.
Low Evaporator-Water Temperature
Low evaporator-water temperature
protection, also known as Freeze Stat
protection, avoids water freezing in the
evaporator by immediately shutting
down the chiller and attempting to
operate the chilled-water pump. This
protection is somewhat redundant with
the Evaporator Limit protection, and
prevents freezing in the event of
High Condenser-Pressure Protection
The chiller controller’s condenser limit
keeps the condenser pressure under a
specified maximum pressure. The
chiller runs all the way up to 100
percent of the setpoint before reducing
capacity using its adaptive control
mode.
Phase-Unbalance Protection
Phase-unbalance protection is based
on an average of the three phase-
current inputs. The ultimate
phase-unbalance trip point is 30
percent. In addition, the RLA of the
motor is derated by resetting the active
current-limit setpoint based on the
current unbalance. The RLA derate
protection can be disabled in the field-
startup menu.
extreme errors in the evaporator-
refrigerant temperature sensor.
Starter-Contactor Failure Protection
The chiller will protect itself from a
starter failure that prevents the
compressor motor from disconnecting
from the line to the limits of its
capabilities.
The cutout setting should be based on
the percentage of antifreeze used in the
customer’s water loop.The chiller’s
operation and maintenance
documentation provides the necessary
information for percent antifreeze and
suggests leaving-water temperature-
cutout settings for a given chilled-water
temperature setpoint.
The following derates apply when the
phase-unbalance limit is enabled:
The controller starts and stops the
chiller through the starter. If the starter
malfunctions and does not disconnect
the compressor motor from the line
when requested, the controller will
recognize the fault and attempt to
protect the chiller by operating the
evaporator-and condenser-water
pumps and attempting to unload the
compressor.
10% unbalance = 100% RLA derate
15% unbalance = 90% RLA derate
20% unbalance = 85% RLA derate
25% unbalance = 80% RLA derate
30% unbalance = Shutdown
Oil-Temperature Protection
Phase-Loss Protection
Low oil temperature when the oil
pump and/or compressor are running
may be an indication of refrigerant
diluting the oil. If the oil temperature is
at or below the low oil-temperature
setpoint, the compressor is shut down
on a latching diagnostic and cannot be
started. The diagnostic is reported at
the user interface. The oil heaters are
energized in an attempt to raise the oil
temperature above the low oil-
The controller will shut down the chiller
if any of the three phase currents
feeding the motor drop below 10
percent RLA. The shutdown will result
in a latching phase-loss diagnostic. The
time to trip is 1 second at minimum, 3
seconds maximum.
Loss of Water-Flow Protection
The chiller controller has an input that
will accept a contact closure from a
proof-of-flow device such as a flow
switch or pressure switch. Customer
wiring diagrams also suggest that the
flow switch be wired in series with the
cooling-water (condenser-water) pump
starter’s auxiliary contacts. When this
input does not prove flow within a
fixed time during the transition from
Stop to Auto modes of the chiller, or if
the flow is lost while the chiller is in the
Auto mode of operation, the chiller will
be inhibited from running by a
Phase Reversal/Rotation Protection
The controller detects reverse phase
rotation and provides a latching
diagnostic when it is detected. The time
to trip is 0.7 seconds. Phase-rotation
protection can be disabled inTechView.
temperature setpoint.
High oil-temperature protection is
used to avoid overheating the oil and
the bearings.
nonlatching diagnostic.
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Standard
Protections
Controls
Momentary Power Loss and
The chiller may shut down under the
following conditions:
Surge Detection Protection
Distribution Fault Protection
Surge detection is based on current
fluctuations in one of three phases. The
default detection criterion is two
occurrences of RMS current change of
30 percent within 0.8 seconds in 60 + 10
percent seconds. With theTracer
chiller controller, the detection criterion
is adjustable.
Three-phase momentary power loss
(MPL) detection gives the chiller
• Line-voltage sags of 1.5 or more line
cycles for voltage dips of 30 percent
or more
improved performance through many
different power anomalies. MPLs of 2.5
cycles or longer will be detected and
cause the unit to shut down. The unit
will be disconnected from the line
within 6 line cycles of detection. If
enabled, MPL protection will be active
any time the compressor is running.
MPL is not active on reduced-voltage
starters from the initial start signal
through transition. The MPL diagnostic
is an automatic reset diagnostic. MPL
protection can be disabled inTechView.
• Control-voltage sags of 3 or more line
cycles for voltage dips of 40 percent
or more
• Third-order or higher harmonic
content on the line
Overvoltage and Undervoltage
Protection
The unit will be shut down with an
automatic reset if the line voltage is
below or above 10 percent of nominal.
Current Overload Protection
The control panel will monitor the
current drawn by each line of the motor
and shut the chiller off when the
highest of the three line currents
exceeds the trip curve. A manual reset
diagnostic describing the failure will be
displayed. The current overload
Must trip = 15 percent of nominal.
Time to trip = minimum of 1 minute, 10
seconds and maximum of 5 minutes,
20 seconds. Overvoltage and
undervoltage protection can be
disabled using TechView.
An MPL has occurred when the motor
no longer consumes power. An MPL
may be caused by any drop or sag in
the voltage that results in a change in
the direction of power flow. Different
operating conditions, motor loads,
motor size, inlet guide vane (IGV)
position, etc. may result in different
levels at which this may occur. It is
difficult to define an exact voltage sag
or voltage level at which a particular
motor will no longer consume power,
but we are able to make some general
statements concerning MPL protection:
protection does not prohibit the chiller
from reaching its full-load amperage.
Power Factor and kW Measurement
Three-phase measurement of kW and
unadjusted power factor yields higher
accuracy during power imbalance
conditions than with CH530.
The chiller protects itself from damage
due to current overload during starting
and running modes, but is allowed to
reach full-load amps.
High Motor-Winding Temperature
Protection
Short-Cycling Protection
Short-cycling protection is based on a
start-to-start time. This method uses a
straight start-to-start timer to determine
when to allow the next start.
This function monitors the motor
temperature and terminates chiller
operation when the temperature is
excessive. The controller monitors each
of the three winding-temperature
sensors any time the controller is
powered up, and displays each of the
temperatures at the service menu.
Immediately prior to start, and while
running, the controller will generate a
latching diagnostic if the winding
temperature exceeds 265 5°F
(129.4 2.8°C).
The chiller will remain running under
the following conditions:
A ’Restart Inhibit Start-to-StartTime’
setpoint is used to set the desired start-
to-start time. There is no ’free’ start on
a power up at DynaView.The real-time
clock is used to determine when the
next start will be allowed, based on the
previous start.
• Line-voltage sag of 1.5 line cycles or
less for any voltage magnitude sag
• Control-voltage sags of less than 3
line cycles for any magnitude sag
• Control-voltage sags of 40 percent or
less for any amount of time
When the start is inhibited by the
restart-inhibit function, the time
remaining is displayed along with the
restart-inhibit mode.
• Second-order or lower harmonic
content on the line
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Physical
Dimensions
50 and 60 Hz SI
(English Units)
Figure PD-1 – Model CVGF Cooling Only
With Unit Mounted Starter
Figure PD-2 – Model CVGF Cooling Only Without Unit
Mounted Starter (for Remote Mounted Starter)
914 mm (36”)
RECOMMENDED
CLEARANCE
914 mm (36”)
RECOMMENDED
CLEARANCE
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
WIDTH
WIDTH
457 mm (18')
RECOMMENDED
CLEARANCE
LENGTH
Dimensions – SI Units (English Units)
Clearance
Tube Pull
Unit Dimensions
With Unit Mounted Starters
Unit Dimensions
Without Unit Mounted Starters
Width
Comp.
400-500
Shell Size
500
CL1
CL2
Length
Height
Width
4235 mm
(13’ 10 3/4”)
4235 mm
(13’ 10 3/4”)
4235 mm
(13’ 10 3/4”)
4235 mm
(13’ 10 3/4”)
1118 mm
4083 mm
(13’ 4 3/4”)
4083 mm
(13’ 4 3/4”)
4083 mm
(13’ 4 3/4”)
4083 mm
(13’ 4 3/4”)
2094 mm
1984 mm
(6’ 6 1/8”)
2038 mm
(6’ 8 1/4”)
2083 mm
(6’ 10”)
1929 mm
(3’ 8”)
(6’ 101/2”)
(6’ 3 15/16”)
500
700
700
1850 mm
(3’ 11”)
1850 mm
(3’ 11”)
1219 mm
(4’)
2200 mm
1988 mm
(7’ 2 5/8”)
(6’ 6 1/4”)
650
2270 mm
2076 mm
(7’ 5 3/8”)
(6’ 9 3/4”)
800-1000
1000
2521 mm
2305 mm
2257 mm
(8’3 1/4”)
(7’6 3/4”)
(7’ 4 7/8”)
CL1 at either end of machine and is required for tube pull clearance.
CL2 is always at the opposite end of machine from CL1 and is for water box plus clearance.
– Recommended clearance (D1) for machine with unit mounted starter is 914 mm (36”)
– Recommended clearance (D2) for machine without unit mounted starter is 1219 mm (38”)
Unit length is not included for the waterbox.
See page 19 for waterbox dimension
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Physical
Dimensions
Model CVGF Water Connection Pipe Size
Shell Size
700
Metric Pipe Size (mm) DN
500
Water Passes
1000
Evaporator
2 Pass
3 Pass
DN 200 (8”)
DN 200 (8”)
DN 250 (10”)
DN 200 (8”)
DN 300 (12”)
DN 250 (10”)
Condenser
2 Pass
DN 250 (10”)
DN 300 (12”)
DN 350 (14”)
EvaporatorWater Box Length — SI (English)
Length
mm (in)
No.
Shell
500
Pressure
Evap.
NMAR
NMAR
NMAR
NMAR
NMAR
NMAR
Passes
Supply
Return
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
2
3
2
3
2
3
371 (14.61)
371 (14.61)
489 (19.25)
438 (17.24)
581 (22.87)
530 (20.87)
156 (6.14)
371 (14.61)
235 (9.25)
438 (17.24)
276 (10.87)
530 (20.87)
700
1000
CondenserWater Box Length — SI (English)
Length
No.
mm (in)
Shell
500
Pressure
Evap.
NMAR
NMAR
NMAR
NMAR
NMAR
NMAR
Passes
Supply
Return
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
10 bar (150 psig)
2
2
2
2
2
2
483 (19.02)
438 (17.24)
581 (22.87)
524 (20.63)
654 (25.75)
632 (24.88)
200 (7.87)
222 (8.74)
213 (8.39)
235 (9.25)
232 (9.13)
276 (10.87)
700
1000
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Mechanical
Specifications
with steel tube sheets welded to each
end. Intermediate tube support sheets
positioned along the shell axis prevent
relative tube motion. Individually
replaceable externally finned and
internally grooved 19 mm (¾ in.) and
25.4 mm (1.0 in.) nominal diameter
seamless copper tubes are
TheTrane CVGF packaged centrifugal
water chillers using HFC-134a
refrigerant consist of a hermetic two
stage, gear-drive centrifugal
compressor, evaporator, condenser,
interstage economizer, unit-mounted
microprocessor based control panel
and compressor motor starter.The
chiller is completely factory assembled.
Motor
The motor is a hermetic, liquid
refrigerant cooled, two-pole, low-slip
squirrel cage induction motor. A radial
hydrodynamic bearing and duplex
angular contact ball bearings support
the rotor assembly. Winding-
embedded sensors provide positive
thermal protection.
mechanically expanded into tube
sheets.
Compressor
Lubrication System
Two or three pass water boxes rated at
10.5 bar (150 psi) is standard. Grooved
pipe stubs for Victaulic couplings are
standard; flanged connections are
optionally available. The waterside is
hydrostatically tested at 1.5 times
maximum working pressure.
Two-stage centrifugal compressor with
high-strength aluminum alloy fully
shrouded impellers. The impellers are
tested at 25 percent over design
operating speed. The rotating
assembly is dynamically balanced for
vibration of less than 5.1 mm/s (0.2 ips
peak velocities) at nominal operating
speeds. The control system affords
100 - 20 percent capacity modulation
by electrically actuated guide vanes
upstream of each impeller.
The lubrication system consists of an
internal oil sump with heaters, positive
displacement oil pump, brazed plate
condenser-cooled oil cooler, and oil
distillation/return line.
Economizer/Orifice
The economizer consists of a carbon
steel shell with internal components
designed to prevent liquid carryover to
the compressor. Liquid refrigerant is
admitted through a single calibrated
orifice (no moving parts) which
maintains a pressure differential
between condenser and economizer.
Liquid refrigerant is admitted to the
evaporator through a single calibrated
orifice (no moving parts) which
maintains a pressure differential
between the economizer and the
evaporator.
Drive Train
The drive train consists of helical bull
and pinion gears. Gear tooth surfaces
are case hardened and precision
ground. The one-piece impeller shaft is
supported by hydrodynamic thrust and
radial bearings.
Condenser
The condenser is designed, tested and
stamped in accordance with the ASME
Boiler and PressureVessel Code or PED
(European Code) for a refrigerant side
working pressure of 15.2 bars (220
psig). It consists of a carbon steel shell
with steel tube sheets welded to each
end. Individually replaceable, externally
finned and internally grooved 19 mm
(¾ in.) and 25.4 mm (1.0 in.) nominal
diameter seamless copper tubes are
mechanically expanded into the tube
sheets.
Evaporator
The evaporator is designed, tested and
stamped in accordance with ASME
Boiler and PressureVessel Code or PED
(European Code) for refrigerant side
working pressure of 15.2 bars (220
psig). It consists of a carbon steel shell
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Mechanical
Specifications
Welded steel two pass water boxes are
bolted to the tube sheets. Water
The microcomputer control system
processes the leaving evaporator fluid
temperature sensor signal to satisfy the
system requirements across the entire
load range.
The service tool provides advanced
troubleshooting and access to
connections are steel pipe stubs
sophisticated configuration settings not
needed during operation of the chiller.
Any PC that meets the installation
requirements may be loaded with the
service tool software via download
grooved for Victaulic couplings; flanged
connections are optionally available.
Maximum waterside working pressure
of 10.5 bars (150 psi) is standard. The
waterside is hydrostatically tested at 1.5
times maximum working pressure.
The controller will load and unload the
chiller via control of the stepper- motor/
actuator which drives the inlet guide
vanes open and closed. The load range
can be limited either by a control limit
function such as motor current, low
evaporator temperature or high
condenser pressure limit or by an inlet
guide vane limit (whichever comes
first). It will also control the evaporator
and condenser pumps to insure proper
chiller operation.
Unit mounted display is capable of
displaying chiller parameters in IP or SI
units, and language in English and any
2 downloadable and/or locally
translated languages.
Unit Control Panel
TheTracer™ CH.530 is a
microprocessor-based chiller controller
that provides complete stand alone
system control for water-cooled
centrifugals. It is a factory-mounted
packaged and tested on the CVGF unit.
All controls necessary for the safe and
reliable operation of the chiller are
provided including oil management,
interface to the starter, and three phase
motor overload protection. It also
includes comprehensive status and
diagnostic monitoring controls. A
control power transformer included in
the starter panel powers the control
system.
Compressor Motor Starter
Unit-mounted starters can either be a
star-delta or solid state in NEMA1 type
enclosure wired to compressor motor
up to 952 RLA at 380~480 volts (star-
delta), 900 RLA at 481~600Volts
(star-delta), and 1472 RLA at 380~600
volts (solid-state).
Status and 10 active diagnostics are
communicated to the operator via
display with a tabbed navigation
system. Setpoints are entered through
the touch-sensitive screen. Countdown
timer displays remaining time(s) during
wait states and time out periods.
Nonvolatile memory saves unit set-up
information during power loss without
the need for batteries. Password
protection is provided to secure the
operator interface. PC-based service
tool software displays the last 60 active
or 60 historic diagnostics, indicating the
time, date of occurrence, and system
parameters at the time of the diagnostic.
Remote-mounted starters can either be
star-delta or solid state for low voltage.
Across-the-line, primary reactor, or
auto transformer for medium and high
voltage. All in a NEMA 1 type enclosure
up to 1402 RLA at 380~600 volts (star-
delta), 1472 RLA at 380~600 volts
(solid-state), and 360 RLA at 3300~6600
volts (x-line, primary reactor, and auto-
transformer).
The microprocessor controller is
compatible with reduced voltage or full
voltage electro-mechanical starters,
and solid state starter. Starter for
Europe with the CE mark is available.
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Mechanical
Specifications
Unit-mounted or remote-mounted
starters for Europe (CE mark) will be
star-delta, solid-state, across-the-line,
primary reactor, and auto transformer
only in a IP 20 enclosure.
Isolation Pads
all low temperature surfaces including
the evaporator, water boxes and
suction elbow. Insulation material is 19
mm (¾ in.) Armaflex II or equal
(thermal conductivity = 0.04 W/m·°C;
0.3 Btu·in/h·ft²·°F). The oil sump is
insulated with 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) and
13 mm (½ in.) insulation respectively.
Molded neoprene isolation pads are
supplied with each chiller for
placement under all support points.
Spring isolators are optionally
available.
A steel panel door with optional
mechanical interlock disconnects the
system when the door is opened
(required for CE listing). The panel also
contains three-phase current
transformer for overload protection,
and an oil pump starter with overloads.
The starter is factory mounted and
wired to the compressor motor and the
control panel. The CVGF chiller/starter
assembly is factory tested.
Refrigerant and Oil Charge
A full charge of oil is supplied with each
unit.The oil ships in the unit’s sump
and the refrigerant ships directly to the
jobsite from refrigerant suppliers.
Rigging
Evaporator and condenser tube sheets
provide rigging support points. A
rigging diagram is affixed to the chiller.
Painting
All painted CVGF surfaces are coated
with two coats of air-dry beige primer-
finisher prior to shipment.
Quality
The La Crosse chiller manufacturing
facility is ISO 9001.
Insulation
Optional remote mounted
electromechanical starters are
available.
The chiller can be ordered with or
without factory applied insulation.
Factory supplied insulation is applied to
CTV-PRC001-GB
2 2
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Conversion
Table
To Convert From:
Length
Feet (ft)
To:
Mulgpiy By:
To Convert From:
Energy and Power and Capaclty
British Thermal Units (BTUH) KilowattIkW)
British Thermal Units (BTU) KCalorie (Kcal)
To:
Multiply By:
meters (m)
millimeters (mm)
0.30481
25.4
0.000293
0.252
Inches (In)
Arca
Tons (refrig. effect)
Tons (refrig. effect)
Horsepower
Pressure
Feet of water (ftH2O)
Inches of water (inH2O)
Kilowatt (refrig. effect)
Kilocalories per hour (Kcal/hr) 3024
Kilowatt(kW)
3.516
Square Feet (ft2)
Square Inches (In2)
Volume
square meters (m2)
0.093
645.2
square millimeters (mm2)
0.7457
Cubic Feet (ft3)
Cubic Inches (In3)
Gallons (gal)
Cubic meters (m2)
Cubic mm (mm3)
litres (l)
0.0283
16387
3.785
Pascals (PA)
Pascals (PA)
2990
249
Pounds per square inch (PSI) Pascals (PA)
PSI
689
Gallons (gal)
cubic meters (m3)
0.003785
Bar or KG/CM2
6.895 x 10-2
Flow
Weight
Ounches (oz)
Pounds (lbs)
Cubic feet/min (cfm)
Cubic Feet/min (cfm)
Gallons/minute (GPM)
Gallons/minute (GPM)
Velocrty
cubic meters/second (m3/s)
cubic meters/hr (m3/hr)
cubic meters/hr (m3/hr)
Iitres/second (Vs)
0.000472
1.69884
0.2271
Kilograms (kg)
Kilograms (Kg)
0.02835
0.4536
Fouling factors for heat exchanges
0.06308
0.00075 ft2 °F hr/BTU
0.00025 ft2 °F hr/BTU
= 0.132 m2 K/kM
= 0.044 m2 K/kW
Feet per minute (ft/m)
Feet per second (ft/s)
meters per second (m/s)
meters per second (m/s)
0.00508
0.3048
Temperature - Centigrade (°C) Versus Fahrenheit (°F)
Note: The center columns of numbers, referred to as BASE TEMP, is the temperature in either degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or Centigrade (°C), whichever is desired
to convert into the other. If degrees Centrigrade is given, read degrees Fahrenheit to the right. If degrees Fahrenheit is given, read degrees Centigrade to the left.
Temperature
°C C or F
Temperature
C or F
Temperature
C or F
Temperature
°C C or F °F
Temperature
°C C or F
°F
°F
+ 41.0
°C
°F
°C
°F
- 40.0 - 40 - 40.0
- 39.4 - 39 - 38.2
- 38.9 - 38 - 36.4
- 38.3 - 37 - 34.6
- 15.0
- 14.4
- 13.9
- 13.3
- 12.8
+ 5
+ 10.0 + 50 + 122.0
+ 10.6 + 51 + 123.8
+ 11.1 + 52 + 125.6
+ 11.7 + 53 + 127.4
+ 12.2 + 54 + 129.2
+ 35.0 + 95 + 203.0
+ 35.6 + 96 + 204.8
+ 36.1 + 97 + 206.6
+ 36.7 + 98 + 208.4
+ 37.2 + 99 + 210.2
+ 60.0 + 140 + 284.0
+ 60.6 + 141 + 285.8
+ 61.1 + 142 + 287.6
+ 61.7 + 143 + 289.4
+ 62.2 + 144 + 291.2
+ 6 + 42.8
+ 7 + 44.6
+ 8 + 46.4
+ 9 + 48.2
- 37.8
- 36 - 32.8
- 37.2
- 35 - 31.0
- 12.2 + 10 + 50.0
- 11.7 + 11 + 51.8
- 11.1 + 12 + 53.6
- 10.6 + 13 + 55.4
- 10.0 + 14 + 57.2
+ 12.8 + 55 + 131.0
+ 13.3 + 56 + 132.8
+ 13.9 + 57 + 134.6
+ 14.4 + 58 + 136.4
+ 15.0 + 59 + 138.2
+ 37.8 + 100 + 212.0
+ 38.3 + 101 + 213.8
+ 38.9 + 102 + 215.6
+ 39.4 + 103 + 217.4
+ 40.0 + 104 + 219.2
+ 62.8 + 145 + 293.0
+ 63.3 + 146 + 294.8
+ 63.9 + 147 + 296.6
+ 64.4 + 148 + 298.4
+ 65.0 + 149 + 300.2
- 36.7 - 34 - 29.2
- 36.1 - 33
- 27.4
- 35.6 - 32 - 25.6
- 35.0 - 31 - 23.8
- 34.4 - 30 - 22.0
- 33.9 - 29 - 20.2
- 33.3 - 28 - 18.4
- 32.8 - 27 - 16.6
- 32.2 - 26 - 14.8
- 9.4
- 8.9
- 8.3
- 7.8
- 7.2
+ 15 + 59.0
+ 16 + 60.8
+ 17 + 62.6
+ 18 + 64.4
+ 19 + 66.2
+ 15.6 + 60 + 140.0
+ 16.1 + 61 + 141.8
+ 16.7 + 62 + 143.6
+ 17.2 + 63 + 145.4
+ 17.8 + 64 + 147.2
+ 40.6 + 105 + 221.0
+ 41.1 + 106 + 222.8
+ 41.7 + 107 + 224.6
+ 42.2 + 108 + 226,4
+ 42.8 + 109 + 228.2
+ 65.6 + 150 + 302.0
+ 66.1 + 151 + 303.8
+ 66.7 + 152 + 305.6
+ 67.2 + 153 + 307.4
+ 67.8 + 154 + 309.2
- 31.7 - 25 - 13.0
- 6.7
- 6.1
- 5.5
- 5.0
- 4.4
+ 20 + 68.0
+ 21 + 69.8
+ 22 + 71.6
+ 23 + 734
+ 24 + 75.2
+ 18.3 + 65 + 149.0
+ 18.9 + 66 + 150.8
+ 19.4 + 67 + 152.6
+ 20.0 + 68 + 154.4
+ 20.6 + 69 + 156.2
+ 43.3 + 110 + 230.0
+ 43.9 + 111 + 231.8
+ 44.4 + 112 + 233.6
+ 45.0 + 113 + 235.4
+ 45.6 + 114 + 237.2
+ 68.3 + 155 + 311.0
+ 68.9 + 156 + 312.8
+ 69.4 + 157 + 314.6
+ 70.0 + 158 + 316.4
+ 70.6 + 159 + 318.2
- 31.1 - 24
- 30.6 - 23
- 30.0 - 22
- 29.4 - 21
- 11.2
- 9.4
- 7.6
- 5.8
- 28.9 - 20
- 4.0
- 2.2
- 0.4
+ 1.4
+ 3.2
- 3.9
- 3.3
- 2.8
- 2.2
- 1.7
+ 25 + 77.0
+ 26 + 78.8
+ 27 + 80.6
+ 29 + 82.4
+ 29 + 84.2
+ 21.1 + 70 + 158.0
+ 21.7 + 71 + 159.8
+ 22.2 + 72 + 161.6
+ 22.8 + 73 + 163.4
+ 23.3 + 74 + 165.2
+ 46.1 + 115 + 239.0
+ 46.7 + 116 + 240.8
+ 47.2 + 117 + 242.6
+ 47.8 + 118 + 244.4
+ 48.3 + 119 + 246.2
+ 71.1 + 160 + 320.0
+ 71.7 + 161 + 321.8
+ 72.2 + 162 + 323.6
+ 72.8 + 163 + 325.4
+ 73.3 + 164 + 327.2
- 28.3 - 19
- 27.8
- 27.2
- 18
- 17
- 26.7 - 16
- 26.1 - 15
- 25.6 - 14
- 25.0 - 13
+ 5.0
+ 6.8
+ 8.6
- 1.1
- 0.6
0.0
+ 30 + 86.0
+ 31 + 87.8
+ 32 + 89.6
+ 23.9 + 75 + 167.0
+ 24.4 + 76 + 168.8
+ 25.0 + 77 + 170.6
+ 25.6 + 78 + 172.4
+ 26.1 + 79 + 174.2
+ 48.9 + 120 + 248.0
+ 49.4 + 121 + 249.8
+ 50.0 + 122 + 251.6
+ 50.6 + 123 + 253.4
+ 51.1 + 124 + 255.2
+ 73.9 + 165 + 329.0
+ 74.4 + 166 + 330.8
+ 75.0 + 167 + 332.6
+ 75.6 + 168 + 334.4
+ 76.1 + 169 + 336.2
- 24.4 - 12 + 10.4
+ 0.6 + 33 + 91.4
- 23.9 - 11 + 12.2
+ 1.1 + 34 + 93.2
- 23.3 - 10 + 14.0
+ 1.7 + 35 + 95.0
+ 2.2 + 36 + 96.8
+ 2.8 + 37 + 98.6
+ 3.3 + 38 + 100.4
+ 3.9 + 39 + 102.2
+ 26.7 + 80 + 176.0
+ 27.2 + 81 + 177.8
+ 27.8 + 82 + 179.6
+ 28.3 + 83 + 181.4
+ 28.9 + 84 + 183.2
+ 51.7 + 125 + 257.0
+ 52.2 + 126 + 258.8
+ 52.8 + 127 + 260.6
+ 53.3 + 128 + 262.4
+ 53.9 + 129 + 264.2
+ 76.7 + 170 + 338.0
+ 77.2 + 171 + 339.8
+ 77.8 + 172 + 341.6
+ 78.3 + 173 + 343.4
+ 78.9 + 174 + 345.2
- 22.8
- 22.2
- 21.7
- 21.1
- 9
- 8
- 7
- 6
+ 15.8
+ 17.6
+ 19.4
+ 21.2
- 20.6
- 20.0
- 19.4
- 18.9
- 18.3
- 5
- 4
- 3
- 2
- 1
+ 23.0
+ 24.8
+ 26.6
+ 28.4
+ 30.2
+ 4.4 + 40 + 104.0
+ 5.0 + 41 + 105.8
+ 5.5 + 42 + 107.6
+ 6.1 + 43 + 109.4
+ 6.7 + 44 + 111.2
+ 29.4 + 85 + 185.0
+ 30.0 + 86 + 186.8
+ 30.6 + 87 + 188.6
+ 31.1 + 88 + 199.4
+ 31.7 + 89 + 192.2
+ 54.4 + 130 + 266.0
+ 55.0 + 131 + 267.8
+ 55.6 + 132 + 269.6
+ 56.1 + 133 + 271.4
+ 56.7 + 134 + 273.2
+ 79.4 + 175 + 347.0
+ 80.0 + 176 + 348.8
+ 80.6 + 177 + 350.6
+ 81.1 + 178 + 352.4
+ 81.7 + 179 + 354.2
- 17.8
- 17.2
- 16.7
- 16.1
- 15.6
0
+ 32.0
+ 7.2
+ 7.8
+ 45 + 113.0
+ 32.2 + 90 + 194.0
+ 32.8 + 91 + 195.8
+ 33.3 + 92 + 197.6
+ 33.9 + 93 + 199.4
+ 34.4 + 94 + 201.2
+ 57.2 + 135 + 275.0
+ 57.8 + 136 + 276.8
+ 58.3 + 137 + 278.6
+ 58.9 + 138 + 280.4
+ 59.4 + 139 + 282.2
+ 82.2 + 180 + 356.0
+ 82.8 + 181 + 357.8
+ 83.3 + 182 + 359.8
+ 83.9 + 183 + 361,4
+ 84.4 + 184 + 363.2
+ 1 + 33.8
+ 46 + 114.8
+ 8.3 + 47 + 116.6
+ 8.9 + 48 + 118.4
+ 9.4 + 49 + 120.2
+ 2 + 35.6
+ 3
+ 37.4
+ 4 + 39.2
FOR INTERPOLATION INTHE ABOVE TABLE USE:
BASETEMPERATURE (°F or °C)
DEGREES CENTIGRADE:
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT:
1
2
3
1.67
5.4
4
2.22
7.2
5
2.78
9.0
6
3.33
10.8
7
3.89
12.6
8
4.44
14.4
9
5.00
16.2
10
5.56
18.0
0.56
1.8
1.11
3.6
CTV-PRC001-GB
2 3
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Literature Order Number
File Number
CTV-PRC001-GB
PL-RF-CTV-000-PRC001-0904
CTV-PRC001-GB 103
Europe
Supersedes
Literature Stocking Location
Trane has a policy of continuous product and product data improvement and reserves the right to change
design and specifications without notice. Only qualified technicians should perform the installation and
servicing of equipment referred to in this publication.
For more information, contact your local district
office or e-mail us at [email protected]
American Standard Europe BVBA
Registered Office: 1789 Chaussée deWavre, 1160 Brussels - Belgium
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