RF Link Technology Network Card NL6000 User Guide

NL6000

Wireless Modem

NL6000 User Manual

Rev 1.1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Product Overview ....................................................................................................... 6

1.1. Features ............................................................................................................. 7

2. Regulatory Information ............................................................................................... 9

3. Specifications ............................................................................................................ 11

4. Hardware Installation and Operationꢀ«......................................................................... 13

4.1. Parts Descriptionꢀ«............................................................................................... 13

4.2. Power Connectionsꢀ«......................................................................................... 13

4.3. Serial Port«........................................................................................................ 13

4.4. Antenna Connection«........................................................................................ 15

4.5. LEDsꢀ«............................................................................................................... 15

4.6. Operation«......................................................................................................... 15

4.7. Technical Supportꢀ«........................................................................................... 16

5. Software Configuration«............................................................................................. 16

5.1. Prerequisites....................................................................................................... 16

5.2. Preparationꢀ«...................................................................................................... 16

5.3. Unique Data Requirements for a Base Stationꢀ«............................................... 17

5.4. Source and Destination Addressingꢀ«................................................................. 17

5.5. Behavior of Repeater Units«............................................................................. 18

5.6. Packet Data Options«....................................................................................... 21

5.6.1. Transmission Modeꢀ«............................................................................ 23

5.6.2. Maximum Packet Size«........................................................................ 24

5.6.3. Over-the-Air Data Rates«..................................................................... 24

5.6.4. Acknowledgementsꢀ«............................................................................ 24

5.6.5. Carrier Sense Multiple Accessꢀ«........................................................... 25

5.7. Serial Connection to an I/O Deviceꢀ«................................................................. 25

5.7.1. Basic Serial Parametersꢀ«...................................................................... 25

5.7.2. Flow Control«........................................................................................ 25

5.7.3. DCD Mode«........................................................................................... 26

5.7.4. Pre- and Post-Data DCD Timeꢀ«............................................................. 26

5.8. Planning the RF Channel ................................................................................... 26

5.9. Factory Default Parameters............................................................................... 26

6. Procedures ................................................................................................................. 27

6.1. General Procedures ........................................................................................... 28

Entering Programming Mode«.......................................................................... 28

Setting the Program Modeꢀ«.............................................................................. 28

Saving Configuration Changes to Flash Memory«............................................ 28

Saving Configuration Changes Temporarilyꢀ«.................................................... 28

Reverting to the Prior Configurationꢀ«............................................................... 28

Returning to the Previous Menuꢀ«..................................................................... 29

Displaying the Configuration Summary Windowꢀ«............................................. 29

6.2. Radio Network Setupꢀ«...................................................................................... 30

Setting the Unit Typeꢀ«....................................................................................... 30

Setting the Unit ID (MYID)«............................................................................... 30

Setting the Target Unit ID (TOID)........................................................................ 30

Setting the Active Channelꢀ«.............................................................................. 30

Setting the Receive Frequency«........................................................................ 30

Setting the Transmit Frequencyꢀ«....................................................................... 30

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6.3. Serial Connection Setup«.................................................................................. 31

Setting the Baud Rate......................................................................................... 31

Setting the Data Bitsꢀ«....................................................................................... 31

Setting the Stop Bits«........................................................................................ 31

Setting the Transmit Character Timeout«.......................................................... 31

Setting the Flow Control Option«....................................................................... 31

Setting the DCD Mode«..................................................................................... 31

Setting the Pre-Data DCD Timeꢀ«....................................................................... 32

Setting the Post-Data DCD Time«..................................................................... 32

6.4. Data Setup.......................................................................................................... 32

Setting the Maximum Packet Sizeꢀ«................................................................... 32

Setting the Packet Mode«.................................................................................. 32

Setting the Data Rateꢀ«...................................................................................... 33

Setting the Request ACKs Optionꢀ«................................................................... 33

Setting the Contention Optionꢀ«......................................................................... 33

Setting the Max Retries Option«........................................................................ 33

6.5. Repeater Setup ................................................................................................... 34

Selecting the Repeater Entry to Editꢀ«............................................................... 34

Setting the Repeater Trigger«............................................................................ 34

Setting the Repeater Trigger ID«......................................................................... 35

Setting the Repeater Transmit Channelꢀ«.......................................................... 35

Setting the Repeater Transmit Delayꢀ«.............................................................. 35

6.6. File Managementꢀ«............................................................................................ 35

Downloading a Software Upgrade«................................................................... 35

Saving Parameters to Diskꢀ«.............................................................................. 36

Restoring Parameters from Diskꢀ«....................................................................... 36

Restoring Default Parametersꢀ«......................................................................... 37

7. Menu Quick Referenceꢀ«............................................................................................. 38

7.1. Main Menu«....................................................................................................... 38

7.2. Summary Windowꢀ«........................................................................................... 38

7.3. Serial Menuꢀ«..................................................................................................... 39

7.4. DCD232 Sub-Menu............................................................................................ 39

7.5. Network Menu«.................................................................................................. 40

7.6. Repeater Sub-Menu .......................................................................................... 40

7.7. Radio Menu«..................................................................................................... 41

7.8. Diagnostics Menu«............................................................................................ 41

7.9. Save/Restore Parameters Menu......................................................................... 42

8. Other Considerations ................................................................................................... 43

8.1. Duty Cycleꢀ«....................................................................................................... 45

8.2. Troubleshootingꢀ«............................................................................................... 43

8.2.1. Use a Good Antenna«........................................................................... 43

8.2.2. Three-wire Interfaceꢀ«............................................................................. 43

8.2.3. Hardware Flow Controlꢀ««..................................................................... 43

8.2.4. Use a Fully-Wired RS-232 Cable«......................................................... 44

8.2.5. Use a Slower Baud Rate«..................................................................... 44

8.2.6. Use a Faster Baud Rate«...................................................................... 44

8.2.7. Unit Does Not Enter Programming Mode«............................................ 44

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Appendix A ± Diagnosing and Correcting Performance Problems«.................................... 45

Setting the Power Value............................................................................................... 45

Setting the Frequency Trim (includes setting Power)«............................................... 45

Setting the Deviation and Balance«............................................................................ 46

Setting the Receive Gain.............................................................................................. 47

Appendix B - Factory Default Parameters«........................................................................ 49

Index ................................................................................................................................... 50

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1. Product Overview

The RF Neulink NL6000 is an integrated radio modem that provides reliable bi-

directional RS-232 data transmissions on a land mobile radio channel. Configurable

RS-232, radio, and packet data parameters provide the NL6000 with the flexibility

necessary for use in both simple and complex networks.

In its simplest configuration, the NL6000 transmits wireless data from one modem to

another to send instructions and receive a response. In many cases, the factory-

configured default parameters make the unit ready to use after just setting two address

IDs. Figure 1 shows a simple system to transmit data between two terminals.

Figure 1: Use the NL6000 in a Simple Configuration

In a more sophisticated configuration, the NL6000 provides wireless communication

between multiple units in a network. A unit configured as a base station can transmit

instructions to multiple remote units and collect responses from those remotes for

analysis and management reporting. Configuration of multiple units is a simple task

using the menu-driven user interface. Figure 2 shows a system for maintaining the

water level for a number of water tanks.

Figure 2: Use the NL6000 in a Multi-Unit Network

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The NL6000¶s powerful and efficient packet communications protocol provides a solution to

many of the problems affecting conventional wireless data networks. Bursts of noise, RF

interference, inter-modulation, overload, and signal fade can corrupt and interrupt radio data

links. The NL6000 eliminates these problems through the use of advanced technologies

including sophisticated forward error correction technology.

The NL6000 can transmit in any of the following frequency ranges:

VHF 136 ± 162 MHz

VHF 148 ± 174 MHz

VHF 216 ± 235 MHz

UHF 400 ± 420 MHz

UHF 450 ± 470 MHz

1.1. Features

The following list highlights the primary features of the NL6000:

Product Reliability

Data Reliability

RF Data Rate

The NL6000 makes extensive use of Digital Signal

Processing (DSP) technology resulting in outstanding

performance under adverse environmental conditions.

Advanced signaling end error control technologies

provide exceptional performance under poor channel

conditions.

The NL6000 can transmit or receive at over-the-air rates

of 12,000 bps within narrowband or 22,050 bps within

wideband channels.

Protocol Flexibility

The NL6000 provides three data transmission modes

resulting in peak system performance for a wide range of

data communication scenarios.

Easy Use Interface

An easy to follow menu-based user interface makes

configuring the NL6000 a simple task.

Base Station Configuration

The NL6000 can be configured as a remote or a base

station. A remote transmits data to a specific unit or group

of units. A base station transmits data to multiple units or

groups.

Repeater Configuration

In areas where you lack a reliable path, you can

configure an NL6000 unit as a repeater to reach a

hidden unit. This feature can fill in RF blind spots or

extend the usable range of the system¶s desired

coverage area.

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Single and Multi- Point

Addressing

An NL6000 can be configured to transmit to a single unit,

a group of units, or to broadcast to all units within range.

Acknowledgement

Auto-Transmit

The NL6000 can be configured to request an

acknowledgement (ACK) from the destination modem

with each transmission. If it does not receive an ACK,

the unit can retransmit a specified number of times.

The NL6000 will automatically trigger transmission of data

over the RF link: The NL6000 will wait for characters to

arrive via the serial port in order to completely fill a

packet size as defined under Network/Max Packet Size

before transmitting. The typical default setting for TX

CHAR TIMEOUT is 100 and MAX PACKET SIZE is 300.

This will give you a reasonable response time between

serial data arrival and transmitting data. The MAX

PACKET SIZE should be set based on your applications

typical maximum packet size.

Configuration Templates

The NL6000 software allows you to save a configuration

as a template and download the parameters in that

template to other units that share the same configuration.

This saves time when configuring a large network. Care

should be taken in maintaining the Diagnostics

configuration settings. These settings are normally

factory set using radio test equipment and are unique to

each NL6000 radio

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2. Regulatory Information

Notice

It is the responsibility of the user of this equipment to obtain the proper FCC license

to operate this product on the desired channel of operation.

FCC Part 15

This product complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations (Code of

Federal Regulations 47CFR Part 15). It may not be modified without the expressed

consent of RF Neulink. Modification of this product could void the user¶s

authorization to use the product.

FCC Part 90

The NL6000 has been type accepted for operation by the FCC in accordance with

Part 90 of the FCC rules (47CFR Part 90). See the label on the unit for the specific

FCC ID and any other certification designations.

FCC Part 101

The NL6000 has been type accepted for operation by the FCC in accordance with

Part 101 of the FCC rules (47CFR Part 101). See the label on the unit for the

specific FCC ID and any other certification designations.

406.0 to 406.1 MHz Operation

The frequency band from 406.0 to 406.1 MHz is reserved for use by distress

beacons. As such, the NL6000 should not be programmed to transmit on any

frequency within this band. Caution should be used when programming frequencies

into the NL6000 to eliminate the possibility of NL6000 users interfering with rescue

operations on this band.

Safety Warning

In order to ensure the safe operation of this radio equipment, the following practices

should be observed.

DO NOT operate radio equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an

explosive atmosphere.

DO NOT operate any radio transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure

and any open connectors are properly terminated.

DO NOT allow the antenna to come close to, or touch, the eyes, face, or any

exposed body parts while the radio is transmitting.

DO NOT operate the radio unless it has been installed and inspected by a

qualified radio technician.

DO NOT let children operate transmitter equipment.

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3. Specifications

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Dimensions

DC voltage input

3.0 in L x 2.6 in W x 1.6 in H

Nominal 10-15 VDC

-30° C to +60° C

65,525

12,000 bps or 22,050 bps

1200 bps, 2400 bps, 4800 bps,

9600 bps, 19.2 kbps, 28.8 kbps,

38.4 kbps

Operating temperature

Number of Channels

Number of ID codes

Over-the-air (Tx) data rate

Serial port baud rates

RF input/output connector

Data interface

SMA-F

9-pin (DB9)

Serial interface

RS-232 async

Simplex or Half Duplex

PLL synthesizer

Mode of operation

Frequency control

Error control

3 data transmission modes provide

progressively increasing error correction strength

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UHF RADIO

SPECIFICATIONS

Model Numbers

NL6000

Transmission frequencies

450-470 MHz & 400-420 MHz

Current Drain at 12 V:

0.2 amps

IDLE radio channel

Receive

0.2 amps

1.0 amps

1.2 amps

1.6 amps

1.9 amps

2.2 amps

2.6 amps

3.1 amps

Transmit: 0.5 watts

Transmit: 1.0 watts

Transmit: 2.0 watts

Transmit: 3.0 watts

Transmit: 4.0 watts

Transmit: 5.0 watts

Transmit: 6.0 watts

Transmitter:

RF power

1 to 6 watts

Modulation

4-FSK with spectral precoder

1.5 ppm

Frequency stability

Channel spacing

Channel step size

Duty cycle

12.5 kHz (narrow), 25 kHz (wide)

6.25 kHz UHF

5% to 75%, depending upon

voltage, power level, and ambient

temperature

50 ohms

RF load impedance

Receiver:

Sensitivity (95% reliability, 500 user

data bytes per packet)

Basic Telemetry Mode ±109 dBm

Enhanced Telemetry Mode ±115

dBm

Mobile Data Mode ±115 dBm

Selectivity

60dB min (narrow), 70dB min (wide)

Intermodulation

RF input impedance

70dB min

50 ohms

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VHF RADIO

SPECIFICATIONS

Model Numbers

NL6000-VHF (148-174 MHz)

NL6000-VHF1 (136-162 MHz)

136-162 MHz, 148-174 MHz

Transmission frequencies

Current Drain at 12 V:

0.2 amps

IDLE radio channel

Receive

0.2 amps

1.0 amps

1.3 amps

1.7 amps

2.1 amps

2.4 amps

2.6 amps

2.8 amps

Transmit: 0.5 watts

Transmit: 1.0 watts

Transmit: 2.0 watts

Transmit: 3.0 watts

Transmit: 4.0 watts

Transmit: 5.0 watts

Transmit: 6.0 watts

Transmitter:

RF power

1 to 6 watts

Modulation

4-FSK with spectral pre-coder

1.5 ppm

Frequency stability

Channel spacing

Channel step size

Duty cycle

12.5 kHz (narrow), 25 kHz (wide)

2.5 kHz VHF

5% to 75%, depending upon voltage,

power level, and ambient temperature

50 ohms

RF load impedance

Receiver:

Sensitivity (95% reliability, 500 user

data bytes per packet)

Basic Telemetry Mode ±106 dBm

Enhanced Telemetry Mode ±112 dBm

Mobile Data Mode ±112 dBm

Selectivity

60dB min (narrow), 70dB min (wide)

Intermodulation

RF input impedance

70dB min

50 ohms

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4. Hardware Installation and Operation

4.1. Parts Description

Figure 3: Parts Description of the NL6000

Part #

(1)

(2)

Description

Antenna Connector

USB Port (used by factory)

Tx/Rx LED

(3)

(4)

(5)

Power Connector

Pwr/USB LED

(6)

Serial Port (DB9 Connector)

4.2.

4.3.

Power Connections

Connect a 12 VDC power supply to the power connector to provide power

to the NL6000.

Note: If you want to use an external power amplifier, contact the RF

Neulink sales department.

Serial Port

The serial port on the NL6000 is a 9 pin female connector.

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The NL6000 is a Data Communications Equipment (DCE) device. Other

equipment that can connect to the NL6000 via the serial port fall into one of

the following categories:

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment (computers, mainframes,

terminals)

DCE

Data Communications Equipment (modems, printers,

other peripherals)

Connect a DTE device to the DB9 connector with a 9-pin male connector

wired one-for-one as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

Figure 4: DTE to DCE Connection

DTE, 9 Pin Male on Computer DCE, 9 Pin Female on NL6000

Figure 5: Male and Female Connectors with Numbered Pins

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Connect a DCE device to the DB9 connector with a ³null modem´ cable wired

as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: DTE to DTE Connection

4.4.

4.5.

Antenna Connection

You must connect a suitable antenna to the RF antenna connection. This

antenna is used for both transmitting and receiving over-the-air

messages.

Caution: Do not operate the radio modem without an antenna.

LEDs

Table 1 interprets the two LEDs on the NL6000.

LED

Color

Meaning

Tx/Rx

Red

Transmitting

Green

Receiving a signal on the active channel.

None

Not receiving or transmitting

Powered on

Pwr

Amber Blinking

None

Powered off

Table 1: NL6000 LEDs

Note: If the Rx LED is continuously green, this means an open squelch or

interference problem exists that will inhibit transmissions.

4.6. Operation

It is the responsibility of the user to obtain the proper FCC license to operate this

product on the desired channel of operation.

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The NL6000 comes factory-configured for the broadcast mode of operation and

tuned and tested on the default frequency of 464.550 MHz (UHF), 154.6000 MHz

(VHF) and 221.5 MHz for the 216-235 MHz band.

The NL6000 operates automatically after you properly install the physical units and

configure the software parameters. In most networks with more than two units, you

must set the MYID and TOID parameters before operation. Sections 5 and 6 discuss

the available software parameters and the procedures for setting them.

4.7. Technical Support

Telephone support is available Monday through Friday, 7:00 am to 4:00 pm Pacific

Time at (858) 549-6340.

5. Software Configuration

5.1.

Prerequisites

To configure the NL6000, you must connect a computer to the RS232

port and run a terminal emulator such as HyperTerminal or ProComm.

5.2.

Preparation

Plan the network before configuring the parameters that control each

individual unit. The network plan must address the following

questions:

· What is the location of each unit in the network?

· Which units are remotes and base stations?

· Does the network require any repeaters?

· How many frequencies are available?

· Which transmission mode should be used?

You can configure the NL6000 as a remote or a base station. A remote

is limited to transmitting data to a pre-programmed destination. A base

station can transmit data to any remote using a destination ID specified

in the data string it receives from the serial port. See Section 5.3 for

additional detail on the data requirements for a base station.

Assign each NL6000 with a unique address (MYID). If the unit is a

remote, you also assign a destination address (TOID). The destination

address can be specific to a single unit or can include wildcards for

transmitting to a group of units. If the unit is a base station, the

software determines the TOID from the received data string. See

Section 5.4 for examples of addressing and wildcards.

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If a reliable path does not exist between a remote unit and a base

station, you can configure one or more NL6000 units as a repeater to

reach the hidden unit. The repeater can work with both simplex and half

duplex networks. See Section 5.5 for additional detail on the unique

behavior of a repeater unit.

You can select from three radio channel transmission modes that provide

increasing levels of error control. By evaluating the signal strength and

path between two modems, you can select a transmission mode that

results in the best performance. See Section 5.6 for a description of each

transmission mode.

5.3.

Unique Data Requirements for a Base Station

When configured as a base station, there are specific requirements for the

data strings sent through the NL6000¶s serial port. Because a base station

is the central point of a network, it must be able to selectively transmit to

any remote. To provide for selective destinations, each data string coming

into the serial port must begin with a colon (:) followed by four ASCII

characters that specify the destination TOID. The data string must

immediately follow the ASCII characters with no pause between them as

in the example:

:ABCD[user data]

5.4.

Source and Destination Addressing

Specify a unique identification number for each NL6000 unit in the

network plan. This number, the MYID, references the source of the data

packet. The TOID is the destination address for the packet, so the TOID is

the MYID of the unit for which the data is intended. Both the MYID and

TOID are a hexadecimal value from 0000 to FFFF. Figure 7 illustrates

point-to-point addressing.

Figure 7: Point-to-Point Addressing

Use the FF character as a wildcard to designate a group of destination

units. For example, a TOID may be FF56 or 42FF. A packet sent with a

TOID of FF56 is a match to destination units with a MYID of 1256 and

8856. A packet sent with a TOID of 12FF is a match to destination units

with a MYID of 1277 and 1219. A TOID of FFFF is a broadcast to all units.

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Figure 8 shows the use of a wildcard (12FF) to transmit data to multiple

units within range of Unit #1 that have a MYID starting with ³12´

Figure 8: Addressing with Wildcards

Figure 9 shows the use of a wildcard (FFFF) to broadcast data to all units

within range of Unit #1.

Figure 9: Using Wildcards to Broadcast

5.5.

Behavior of Repeater Units

When configured as a repeater, the unit listens for packets that qualify for

repeating ± in addition to its normal functions. A unit qualifies a packet for

repeating based upon the TOID or MYID value associated with the

packet. The trigger for repeating a packet from a base station to a remote

is the value in the packet¶s TOID field. The trigger for repeating a packet

from a remote to a base station is the value in the packet¶s MYID field.

You can establish up to eight triggers for each repeater unit.

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Consider the following example of a repeater (MYID3000) configured to

repeat packets transmitted from a base station (MYID2000) to a hidden

remote (MYID4203). Unit MYID3000 is configured with a repeater entry

that has a Trigger = TOID and ID = 4203. This entry tells unit MYID3000

to listen for packets that have a destination address of TOID4203. If the

repeater receives a packet matching the criteria, it immediately repeats

the packet. Figure 10 illustrates this scenario.

Figure 10: Repeat from a Base to a Remote

Consider the following example of a repeater (MYID3000) configured to

repeat packets transmitted from a hidden remote (TOID4201) to a base

station (TOID2000). Unit MYID3000 is configured with a repeater entry that

has a Trigger = MYID and ID = 4201. This entry tells unit MYID3000 to

listen for packets that have a source address of MYID4201. If the repeater

receives a packet matching the criteria, it immediately repeats the packet.

Figure 11 illustrates this scenario.

Figure 11: Repeat from a Remote to a Base Station

Because MYID and TOID values may use wildcards, it is possible to set up

a single repeater entry that will repeat all packets destined to a group of

hidden remotes. In Figure 12, a repeater entry with a Trigger = TOID and ID

= 42FF repeats any packet with a destination matching TOID42FF.

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Figure 12: Repeat to Multiple Remotes using Wildcard

Likewise, it is possible to set up a single repeater entry that will repeat

packets received from any member of a group of hidden remotes. In Figure

13, a repeater entry with a Trigger = MYID and ID = 42FF repeats any

packet received from the group of remotes matching MYID42FF.

Figure 13: Repeat from Multiple Remotes using Wildcard

If you plan to use more than one frequency in your network, frequency

planning is important when you use repeaters. Repeaters, like any other

unit, have only one receive frequency. It is important that all units

transmitting data to a repeater transmit on the repeater¶s receive

frequency (F_A), as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14: Sample Frequency Plan for a Repeater

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In Figure 14, the repeater unit listens on F_Afor transmissions from both the

base station and the remote. The example shows a half-duplex channel

between the repeater and base station (F_Aand F_B) and a simplex channel

between the repeater and remote (F_Aonly).

If the network plan requires more than one repeater unit to reach the hidden

remote, you can specify a Transmit Delay (msec) to stagger the

transmissions from each repeater. Figure 15 shows a sample network with

two repeaters. Each repeater trigger entry has its own transmit delay.

Figure 15: Sample Network with Two Repeaters

In a scenario with two repeaters, such as Figure 15, determine how to

set the Transmit Delay based upon the following conditions:

Is it possible that both repeaters may hear the same transmission?

Is it possible for the ultimate destination to hear the transmission

of both repeaters?

If either these conditions is false, you may set Transmit Delay for

both repeaters to zero (0).

If both of these conditions are true, you should set Transmit Delay on one

repeater to a larger value, such as 0080 msec, and you must enable Carrier

Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). See Section 5.6.5 for more information about

CSMA. In this case, the delay must be large enough so the delayed repeater

recognizes that the other repeater has started transmitting.

5.6.

Packet Data Options

5.6.1. Transmission Mode

The NL6000 supports the following three packet transmission modes:

Basic Telemetry mode

Enhanced Telemetry mode

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Mobile Data mode

Table 2 summarizes the characteristics of each transmission mode

Basic Telemetry Enhanced Telemetry Mobile Data

Mode

Spectral Pre-coding Yes

Mode

Yes

Mode

Yes

Randomization

CRC

Yes

FEC

Interleaving

Table 2: Transmission Mode Characteristics

To select the best transmission mode for a unit, consider the following

factors:

Signal strength between the unit and its destination unit(s)

Reliability of the path between the unit and its destination unit(s)

Noise, RF interference, and fading expected on the radio channel

Movement of the unit or movement of its surroundings

Each transmission mode is designed to provide a different level of error

control. The level of error control influences the optimum packet size that will

produce the desired throughput. Use the scenarios on the next page to help

determine which Transmission Mode and Maximum Packet Size is best for a

unit.

Note: If you are not sure which mode to use, use Enhanced Telemetry

mode.

You can configure the transmission mode and packet size parameters

differently for each unit in the network. All transmission modes share a

common mode field as part of the packet. This field allows the receiving

modem to determine the mode prior to decoding a received message.

Scenario #1

Description: You have above average signal strength and a reliable path

between the radio modem units. You do not expect noise bursts, RF

interference, or signal fading to corrupt the radio data link.

Best Choice: Basic Telemetry Mode

Because you have a clean channel, use the mode that uses the least

overhead for each packet. Basic Telemetry mode uses error detection only, so

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it contains the least amount of overhead and the highest percentage of user

data in each packet. Basic Telemetry mode provides the highest throughput

on a clean channel.

However, if there is a transmission error, you will lose the entire packet.

Therefore, when using Basic Telemetry mode, use a smaller Maximum Packet

Size so that you lose very little user data if an error does occur. In this

situation, smaller packets have a better chance of getting through.

Why not use Enhanced Telemetry Mode or Mobile Data Mode for this

scenario? If the channel is clean and the signal is strong, there is no need to

use a mode that reduces the percentage of user data in each packet.

Scenario #2

Description: You have average signal strength or a less reliable path

between the radio modem units. You expect occasional corruption on the

radio data link from noise bursts, RF interference, or signal fading.

Best Choice: Enhanced Telemetry Mode

Because you expect the channel to have occasional corruption, use Enhanced

Telemetry mode. In addition to error detection, Enhanced Telemetry mode

uses Reed-Solomon forward error correction for increased transmission

reliability. This mode requires more overhead than Basic Telemetry mode and

lowers the percentage of user data in each packet.

However, because you are less likely to lose data with Enhanced Telemetry

mode than with Basic Telemetry mode, you can use a larger Maximum Packet

Size. A larger packet size can compensate for the lower percentage of user

data in each packet and provide good throughput on an occasionally corrupt

channel.

Why not use Basic Telemetry Mode for this scenario? Basic Telemetry

mode is not useful when you expect a corrupt channel because a single

transmission error will cause a packet failure. Lost packets will degrade

throughput. Basic Telemetry mode cannot recover data errors, so throughput

would be poor.

Why not use Mobile Data Mode for this scenario? Mobile Data mode

requires that the interleaver be filled for each packet. If the data packets are

smaller than the interleaver size, throughput will suffer because the interleaver

is ³filled´ prior to transmission. Since fading is not a big issue in this scenario,

the interleaver is not necessary.

Scenario #3

Description: You have fluctuating signal strength and a less reliable path

between the radio modem units. You expect noise bursts, RF interference, or

signal fading to corrupt the radio data link. The remote unit is moving, or it is

located in an area where the surroundings are moving, such as a busy street.

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Best Choice: Mobile Data Mode

Because you expect a corrupt channel, use the mode that has the greatest

amount of error control. Mobile Data mode includes three types of error

control, Reed-Solomon forward error correction, error detection, and a block

interleaver. This mode provides for maximum transmission reliability on a

corrupt channel. Since the packet size is large, any data added to the packet

to fill the interleaver is insignificant.

Because you are more likely to recover from transmission errors with Mobile

Data mode, you can use a large Maximum Packet Size. A larger packet size

can compensate for the lower percentage of user data in each packet and

provide good throughput on a corrupt channel.

Why not use Basic Telemetry Mode for this scenario? Basic Telemetry

mode is not useful when you expect a corrupt channel because it uses error

detection only. Basic Telemetry mode cannot recover data errors, so

throughput would be poor.

Why not use Enhanced Telemetry Mode for this scenario? Enhanced

Telemetry mode provides error correction, but if both the signal strength and

path are poor, you might need to reduce the Maximum Packet Size to

increase reliability. With Mobile Data mode you can increase the Maximum

Packet Size and get better throughput on a very corrupt channel.

5.6.2. Maximum Packet Size

The NL6000 transmits a data packet on the radio channel when the amount of

data in the input buffer is equal to the Maximum Packet Size or when there is

a timeout on the serial port. The maximum packet size is the largest amount of

user data in one RF packet.

5.6.3. Over-the-Air Data Rates

The NL6000 supports two over the air data rates: 12,000 bps or 22,050 bps.

Select the data rate you want to use depending upon the bandwidth you

occupy and your license.

5.6.4. Acknowledgements

The NL6000 can request an acknowledgement (ACK) from the destination

modem with each transmission. If this option is enabled, the unit will

retransmit a packet up to a specified number of times if it does not receive an

ACK. If it does not receive an ACK after the final retry, the unit will transmit the

next packet. You specify the desired maximum number of retries with the Max

Retries option.

Note: When acting as a repeater, the unit never generates an ACK. ACKs

are end-to-end and do not affect the repeater unit.

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5.6.5. Carrier Sense Multiple Access

If a unit¶s transmit and receive frequencies are the same, it may be helpful to

enable Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). This option does not allow

transmission of a packet until the channel is free of contention.

5.7.

Serial Connection to an I/O Device

5.7.1. Basic Serial Parameters

The NL6000 can receive data strings from a variety of I/O devices through its

RS232 serial port. Configure the NL6000 serial port parameters based upon

how the I/O device will send data to the unit. The following is a list of the basic

serial parameters you must configure:

Baud rate ± This parameter is the data rate between the I/O device and

the NL6000 modem. Set the baud rate to the rate of the I/O device.

Data bits ± This parameter is the number of bits the I/O device sends in a

byte. The options available are 7 or 8. The NL6000 does not use parity

bits.

Stop bits ± This parameter is the number of bits used for the end of a

byte. The options available are 1 or 2.

Transmit Character Timeout ± The NL6000 transmits a data packet on

the radio channel when there is a timeout on the serial port equal to this

value or when the amount of data in the input buffer is equal to the

Maximum Packet Size.

5.7.2. Flow Control

Prior to configuration of the NL6000, determine if you want to use flow control

to prevent the serial device or modem from overflowing its buffer. If flow

control is desired, two types are available ± RTS/CTS and XON/XOFF. With

RTS/CTS, the modem monitors the RTS signal to determine when to send

data to the serial device. In addition, the modem asserts CTS when the

modem is ready to accept data from the serial device. RTS/CTS is the

preferred method of flow control, but it requires separate lines for RTS and

CTS. If you cannot use hardware flow control, you may use the XON/XOFF

software option for flow control. This option may only be used for ASCII data

and requires the use of special characters to identify when it is OK to send/

receive data to/from the serial device.

5.7.3. DCD Mode

The DCD Mode parameter identifies how the I/O device interprets the current

state of the modem using the DCD line between the device and the modem. If

the mode is set to Enable, the modem asserts the DCD line when it is

receiving data over-the-air. If the mode is set to Disable, the modem asserts

the line when it is in a normal operating state and negates the line when it is in

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a programming state. If the mode is set to DCD 232, certain I/O devices can

µwake up¶ when the DCD signal is asserted and turn off when the signal is

negated.

5.7.4. Pre- and Post-Data DCD Time

Two additional parameters, Pre-Data DCD Time and Post-Data DCD Time,

must be set when using the DCD 232 option. The pre-data time value sets the

number of milliseconds it takes for the device to wake up after the modem

asserts the line. The post-data time value sets the number of milliseconds it

takes for the device to turn off after the modem negates the line. These

settings ensure the modem does not transmit data unless the device is ready.

Figure 16 illustrates the pre- and post-DCD time periods.

Figure 16: Pre- and Post-DCD Time

5.8.

Planning the RF Channel

For each unit in the network plan, you must specify the active channel as well

as receive and transmit frequencies used on that channel. Determine these

radio parameters as part of your network plan.

Each NL6000 unit arrives from the factory tuned and tested on the default

frequency appropriate for that unit. Retuning requires that a qualified radio

technician use the procedures in Appendix A ± Diagnosing and Correcting

Performance Problems.

5.9.

Factory Default Parameters

Appendix B provides a list of the default parameters set for each NL6000 unit

at the factory. It also provides a blank column for you to record any custom

values you want to set.

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6. Procedures

This section includes step-by-step procedures for configuring all the parameters that

control the operation of the NL6000. The procedures are grouped into the following

categories:

General Procedures

Radio Network Setup

Serial Connection Setup

Data Setup

Repeater Setup

File Management

Configuration of the NL6000 parameters is easy using the menu-driven user

interface. When you enter programming mode using the terminal emulator, a Main

Menu appears. The procedures in this section assume you always begin at the Main

Menu. The Main Menu appears as in Figure 17.

Figure 17: NL6000 Main Menu

In most procedures, you must enter at least one submenu to perform a task. The

following text is an example of a step that leads you to the correct submenu option:

³Select Network ä Unit Type”

This example means that from the Main Menu, you must select the Network option

and then select the Unit Type option from the submenu that appears. Throughout

this section, the arrow (ä) directs you through a series of submenu options.

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6.1. General Procedures

Entering Programming Mode

Perform this procedure when you need to reset any of the existing

configuration parameters for the NL6000.

Note: If the Programming Mode is Disabled, you must perform

this procedure within five seconds of powering on the unit.

1. Open HyperTerminal or Procomm.

2. Type …//

The Main Menu opens.

Setting the Program Mode

The Program Mode parameter determines when the operator can enter

programming mode from operational mode.

1. Select Serial ä Program Mode.

2. Select from the following options:

1-Disabled Enter programming mode within five seconds of power-on.

Select this option under normal operating conditions to

prevent accidental resetting of parameters.

2-Enabled Enter programming mode whenever you type the key

sequence …// . There must be a pause before and after the

sequence. Select this option during factory configuration or

during initial configuration of a unit.

Saving Configuration Changes to Flash Memory

Select E - Exit from the Main Menu to save the updated parameter settings to

the unit¶s flash memory. The unit immediately begins using the new

configuration.

Saving Configuration Changes Temporarily

Select C - Continue from the Main Menu to temporarily save the updated

settings for the current operating session. The configuration is not saved to

flash memory. You can revert to the prior configuration by cycling power to the

unit.

Reverting to the Prior Configuration

Select R - Restart from the Main Menu to ignore the changes you made and

revert back to the prior configuration.

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Returning to the Previous Menu

Press the ESC key at any time to return to the previous menu. The changes

you made up to that point are saved until you leave the Main Menu using

Exit, Continue, or Restart.

Displaying the Configuration Summary Window

Select 1 - Summary from the Main Menu. The summary window appears as in

Figure 18.

Figure 18: Summary Window

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6.2. Radio Network Setup

Setting the Unit Type

1. Select Network ä Unit Type.

2. Select from the following options:

1-Base

Configure as a base station. This unit type receives

the TOID from the data packet received through the

serial port.

2-Remote Configure as a remote. This unit type receives the

TOID from its configuration.

Setting the Unit ID (MYID)

1. Select Network ä MYID.

2. Enter a unique identification for the unit. The value must be a

hexadecimal value between 0001 and FFFE. For more information about

addressing and wildcards, refer to Section 5.4.

Setting the Target Unit ID (TOID)

You only need to set this parameter if the Unit Type is Remote. The system

ignores this parameter if the Unit Type is Base.

1. Select Network ä TOID.

2. Enter the destination address for packets from this unit. The destination

address is the MYID of the unit for which the data is intended. The value

must be a hexadecimal value in the range 0000 ± FFFF. For more

information about addressing and wildcards, refer to Section 5.4.

Setting the Active Channel

1. Select Radio ä Select Active Channel.

2. Enter the channel assignment for this unit. The value must be a number

in the range 01 ± 64.

Setting the Receive Frequency

1. Select Radio ä Receive Frequency for Active Channel.

2. Enter the receive frequency for the active radio channel in MHz. The

value must be a number in the format nnn.nnnn.

Setting the Transmit Frequency

1. Select Radio ä Transmit Frequency for Active Channel.

2. Enter the transmit frequency for the active radio channel in MHz. The

value must be a number in the format nnn.nnnn.

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6.3 Serial Connection Setup

Setting the Baud Rate

1. Select Serial ä Baud Rate.

2. Select a baud rate for the connection between the modem and I/O device.

The options range from 1200 to 38400.

Setting the Data Bits

1. Select Serial Data Bits.

2. Select the number of data bits per byte sent from the I/O device. The

options are 7 or 8 bits per byte.

Setting the Stop Bits

1. Select Serial ä Stop Bits.

2. Select the number of number of bits used to designate the end of a

byte. The options are 1 or 2 bits.

Setting the Transmit Character Timeout

1. Select Serial ä Transmit Character Timeout.

2. Enter the expected pause between data strings through the serial port.

The value must be in the range 10 ± 9999 milliseconds.

Setting the Flow Control Option

1. Select Serial ä Flow Control.

2. Select from the following options:

1-None

Do not use flow control.

2-RTS/CTS Monitor the Ready To Send (RTS) signal to determine

when to send data to the serial device and assert CTS to

tell the serial device when it can send data to the

modem.

3-XON/XOFF Use special ASCII characters to determine when to

send/receive data to/from the serial device.

Setting the DCD Mode

1. Select Serial ä DCD Mode.

2. Select from the following options:

1-Enable

In this mode the modem asserts the DCD line when it is

receiving data over-the-air.

2-Disable

In this mode the modem asserts the line when it is in a

normal operating state and negates the line when it is in a

programming state.

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3-DCD 232 In this mode, certain I/O devices can wake up when the

DCD signal is asserted and turn off when the signal is

negated. If you select this option, the DCD 232 menu

appears for you to set the Pre-Data DCD Time and Post-

Data DCD Time.

Setting the Pre-Data DCD Time

1. Select Serial DCD Mode ä Pre-Data DCD Time.

2. Enter the number of milliseconds it takes for the device to wake up after

the modem asserts the line. The value must be a 3-digit number. The

post-data time value sets the number of milliseconds it takes for the

device to turn off after the modem negates the line

Setting the Post-Data DCD Time

1. Select Serial ä DCD Mode ä Post-Data DCD Time.

2. Enter the number of milliseconds it takes for the device to turn off after the

modem negates the line. The value must be a 3-digit number.

6.4. Data Setup

Setting the Maximum Packet Size

1. Select Network ä Max Packet Size.

2. Enter the largest amount of continuous bytes of user data you expect

in a single transmission. The value must be in the range 1 ± 1023.

Note: The Packet Mode affects how much user data can be in a

packet. For Enhanced Telemetry and Mobile Data modes, the

maximum will be less than 1023 due to memory constraints. The Max

Packet Size window displays the actual value for these two modes.

Setting the Packet Mode

1. Select Network ä Packet Mode.

2. Select from the following options:

1-Basic Telemetry

This mode uses a simple Cyclic Redundancy

Check (CRC) for error detection.

2-Enhanced Telemetry This mode is similar to Basic Telemetry

mode, but it includes Reed-Solomon

forward error correction.

3-Mobile Data

This mode uses forward error correction and

a block interleaver for maximum transmission

reliability.

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Refer to Section 5.6.1 for more information about each packet mode

Setting the Data Rate

1. Select Network ä Data Rate.

2. Select the data rate you want to use depending upon the bandwidth you

occupy and your licenses. The available options are 12,000 bps and

22,050 bps.

Setting the Request ACKs Option

1. Select Network ä Request ACKs.

2. Select from the following options:

1-Enable

When the modem sends data it requests an ACK from

the destination modem. If it does not receive an ACK,

the modem will retransmit up to the number of times

you specify in the Max Retries option.

2-Disable

When the modem sends data it does not request an

ACK from the destination modem.

Setting the Contention Option

1. Select Network ä Contention.

2. Select from the following options:

1-None

Do not use contention to determine when to transmit.

2-CSMA

Enable Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) so that

transmission waits until the channel is free of contention.

This option is helpful if a unit¶s transmit and receive

frequencies are the same.

Setting the Max Retries Option

You only need to set this parameter if the Request ACKs option is enabled.

The system ignores this parameter if it is disabled.

1. Select Network ä Max Retries.

2. Enter the greatest number of times you want to retransmit if you do not

receive an ACK response. The value must be in the range 1 ± 9.

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6.5. Repeater Setup

Each NL6000 unit may have up to eight repeater entries. Each repeater

entry includes a trigger, trigger ID, transmit channel, and transmit delay

value. If a unit does not act as a repeater, do not set up any repeater

entries. For more information about setting up a repeater unit, refer to

Section 5.5

Table 3 shows how to set up the Trigger and ID values for each type of

repeater trigger.

Trigger

Field

ID Value

Use

MYID

nnnn (hex)

Used to repeat a packet from a remote to a base

station. The ID value is the MYID of the remote, or

group of remotes if using a wildcard.

TOID

nnnn (hex)

Used to repeat a packet from a base station to one or

more remotes. The ID value is the TOID of the remote,

or group of remotes if using a wildcard.

Table 3: Setup of Repeater Trigger Fields

Selecting the Repeater Entry to Edit

1. Select Network ä Repeater ä Select Repeater Entry.

2. Enter the number assigned to the repeater entry you want to set or edit.

Repeater entries are assigned a number in the range 1 ± 8. After you

select an entry number, the system displays the current parameter

settings for that repeater entry.

3. Press ESC to return to the Repeater menu where you can set any of the

four repeater parameters.

Setting the Repeater Trigger

1. Select Network ä Repeaterä Trigger.

2. Select from the following options:

1-MYID

2-TOID

Trigger the repeater function for packets addressed with a

MYID equal to the ID value. Set the trigger ID to the MYID

of the remote unit from which you want to repeat packets.

Refer to Table 3.

Trigger the repeater function for packets addressed with a

TOID equal to the trigger ID value. Set the trigger ID to the

TOID of the destination unit. Refer to Table 3.

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Setting the Repeater Trigger ID

1. Select Network ä Repeater ä ID.

2. Enter the value of the trigger ID as follows:

If the Trigger is MYID, type the MYID value of the destination

remote unit. The value must be a hexadecimal value between 0001

and FFFE.

If the Trigger is TOID, type the TOID value of the destination base

station. The value must be a hexadecimal value in the range 0001

to FFFF.

Note: An ID of 0000 and a Trigger of MYID indicates the repeater

entry is ignored.

Setting the Repeater Transmit Channel

1. Select Network ä Repeater ä Transmit Channel.

2. Enter the channel number on which the repeater transmits the repeated

data. The value must be a number in the range 01 ± 64.

Note: The transmit frequency used on this channel is the Tx Frequency you

set in the Radio menu.

Setting the Repeater Transmit Delay

1. Select Network ä Repeater ä Transmit Delay.

2. Enter the number of milliseconds you want the repeater to wait before

repeating the transmission. The value must be in the range 0000 ± 9999

milliseconds. Normally, this value is set to 0000.

6.6. File Management

Downloading a Software Upgrade

The software that runs the NL6000 is stored in flash memory. There is room in

the flash memory for two software versions. This allows you to keep the

current software version while you download a new version. If the download is

not valid, the unit can still run on the older version.

The NL6000 can determine if the new download is complete and valid. The

system uses a checksum function to determine if the download is valid. If the

download is corrupt, the system continues to use the older version. If the

download is valid, the modem switches over to use the upgrade when you

cycle power.

1. Ensure you have access to the NL6000 software upgrade files.

2. From the Main Menu select Download New Software. The Download

New Software window opens.

3. Press Y to continue with the software download. If you do not want to

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initiate the download at this time, press ESC. There is a delay while the

system erases the flash to prepare for the download.

4. When the system prompts you to send the DSP build, initiate the

download from the terminal emulator.

If you use Procomm, use the Send ASCII Text option.

If you use HyperTerminal, use the Send Text File option.

A message appears with the estimated download time. The estimate

is based upon the time it takes using Procomm. If you use

HyperTerminal, the download may take longer.

A countdown message shows the progress of the download. A

success message appears when the download is complete.

5. When the download is complete, cycle power to reset the modem.

This causes the modem to use the new software build.

6. Press ESC to continue using the Main Menu.

Saving Parameters to Disk

If you want to duplicate parameter values on several NL6000 units, you can

save the settings to disk and restore them to multiple units. Use the following

procedure to save parameter values from the unit currently attached to the

serial port.

1. Select Save/Restore Parameters ä Save Parameters to Disk.

2. Using Procomm or HyperTerminal, open the file where you want to save

the parameters.

3. Press Y to confirm that you want to save parameters. If you do not want

to save parameters at this time, press ESC.

4. Wait until the output to the terminal emulator stops. You will see a

checksum at the end.

5. Stop the text capture function on the terminal emulator and close the file.

6. Press ESC to continue using the Save/Restore Parameters menu.

Restoring Parameters from Disk

If you want to duplicate parameter values on several NL6000 units, you can

save the settings to disk and restore them to multiple units. Use the following

procedure to restore saved parameter settings to the unit currently attached to

the serial port.

1. Select Save/Restore Parameters ä Restore Parameters from Disk.

2. Using Procomm or HyperTerminal, open the file that holds the parameter

settings.

3. Press Y to confirm that you want to restore parameters. If you do not want

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to restore parameters at this time, press ESC.

When you press Y, the system erases the current parameter file in flash

memory.

4. When the system prompts you to send the parameter file, initiate the

restore using the terminal emulator.

If you use Procomm, use the Send ASCII Text option.

If you use HyperTerminal, use the Send Text File option.

A success message appears when the restore is complete.

5. When the download is complete, cycle power to let the modem start using

the new parameter settings.

6. Press ESC to continue using the Save/Restore Parameters menu.

Restoring Default Parameters

Use the following procedure to restore factory-delivered default parameter

settings to the unit currently attached to the serial port.

1. Select Save/Restore Parameters ä Restore Default Parameters. The

system prompts you to confirm that you want to restore the default

parameter settings.

2. Press Y to confirm that you want to restore the default settings. If you do

not want to restore default settings at this time, press ESC.

When you press Y, the system erases the parameter file in flash memory

and restores the default settings. A success message appears when the

restore is complete.

3. When the download is complete, cycle power to let the modem start using

the new parameter settings.

4. Press ESC to continue using the Save/Restore Parameters menu.

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7. Menu Quick Reference

7.1. Main Menu

7.2. Summary Window

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7.3. Serial Menu

7.4.

DCD RS-232 SubMenu

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7.5.

Network Menu

7.6.

Repeater SubMenu

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7.7.

Radio Menu

7.8.

Diagnostics Menu

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7.9.

Save/Restore Parameters Menu

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8. Other Considerations

8.1.

Duty Cycle

When the NL6000 transmits data, it generates heat and the case gets

warm. If the NL6000 is forced to transmit large amounts of data without a

cooling-off period, damage due to excessive temperature can result.

There are two considerations: first, limit data transmission time so that the

unit will not overheat. Second, limit the duty cycle of data transmission.

When operated in still air, the limits in Table 4 apply.

Power Output Temperature Duty Cycle Maximum Data Transmission

25° C

60° C

25° C

60° C

25° C

60° C

30%

15 Seconds

5 Seconds

20 Seconds

5 Seconds

30 Seconds

5 Seconds

50%

75%

10%

Table 4: Duty Cycle and Transmission Limits

The limits above can be increased significantly by placing heat sinks on

the unit and/or cooling with forced air.

8.2.

Troubleshooting

8.2.1. Use a Good Antenna

The antenna is the most important, but often ignored, part of the

communication system. A good antenna system will increase range,

increase throughput, and increase reliability. You can use directional gain

antennas when operating in a point-to-point configuration.

8.2.2. Three-wire Interface

When using a three-wire RS232 interface (TX, TX, GND), you must

disable RTS/CTS flow control. You may enable the XON/XOFF protocol if

software flow control is required. Refer to Section 5.7.2.

8.2.3. Hardware Flow Control

Many programs disable the use of hardware data flow control signals. If

this is the case, the RTS/CTS flow control must be disabled. To ensure

that the NL6000¶s internal data buffers do not overflow, you may use the

XON/XOFF flow control. Refer to section 5.7.2.

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8.2.4. Use a Fully-Wired RS-232 Cable

Some RS-232 cables, especially those hand-made, may not have all of

the flow control wires connected. If your application supports hardware

flow control (RTS/CTS), then ensure that the cable connecting the

NL6000 to the host device has all of the wires connected. Refer to section

4.3.

8.2.5. Use a Slower Baud Rate

If the input baud rate is higher than the over-the-air bit rate, long strings of

data are going into the serial port, and flow control is not used, the

NL6000 buffers may fill up and lose data. Lower the NL6000¶s baud rate

and the host device baud rate to as slow as practical.

8.2.6. Use a Faster Baud Rate

If system time-outs, caused by a remote site not responding fast enough,

are a problem, you may consider increasing the serial baud rate at both

ends of the radio link. High baud rates along with hardware flow control

should yield a fast, reliable system.

8.2.7. Unit Does Not Enter Programming Mode

If you forget what baud rate the NL6000 is set to, you will not be able to

get into the programming mode with the «/// command without trying all

baud rates on your terminal. Instead, if you enter three break characters

within 10 seconds on the terminal, the modem goes into programming

mode at 9600 baud. From this point you can reset the baud rate with the

Baud Rate parameter on the Serial menu.

Make sure you use a cable that connects RTS and CTS from the modem

to the computer, not just RX and TX. You need this cable connection

before trying the three break characters that enter programming mode.

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Appendix A – Diagnosing and Correcting Performance

Problems

Factory technicians use the procedures in this section for initial modem

alignment. After installation, a qualified electronic technician can use these

procedures to diagnose and correct performance problems. Only an electronic

technician with training in RF radio alignment should perform these procedures.

Always perform these procedures using calibrated test equipment. Use the

following test equipment for these procedures:

A calibrated service monitor (IFR) capable of generating and analyzing

narrow- band FM signals in the frequency band of the radio being tested.

DC power supply capable of supplying at least 1 amp of current at 10-12V DC.

A computer terminal capable of 9600 Baud wired as a DTE.

A cable to connect the modem antenna output to the connector on the IFR.

Setting the Power Value

1. Set the IFR to receive at the radio¶s transmit frequency.

2. From the terminal emulator, enter programming mode.

3. Select the active channel for the radio as follows:

Select Radio ä Select Active Channel.

Enter the active channel assignment for the radio. The value must

be a number in the range 01 ± 64.

Press ESC to return to the Main Menu.

4. Select Diagnostics ä Transmit Continuous Random Data.

5. Set the power value as follows:

Select Power from the Diagnostics menu.

While watching the power gauge, change the power value and

check the gauge to see that the power value registers correctly.

The value must be a number in the range 0 ± 1023.

6. Select None from the Diagnostics menu to stop the data transmission.

Setting the Frequency Trim (includes setting Power)

The power setting affects the frequency trim in the NL6000, so part of

setting the frequency trim is setting the power.

1. Set the IFR to receive at the radio¶s transmit frequency.

2. From the terminal emulator, enter programming mode.

3. Select the active channel for the radio as follows:

· Select Radio ä Select Active Channel.

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· Enter the active channel assignment for the radio. The value must

be a number in the range 01 ± 64.

· Press ESC to return to the Main Menu.

4. Select Diagnostics ä Transmit Continuous Random Data.

5. Set the power value as follows:

· Select Power from the Diagnostics menu.

· While watching the power gauge, change the power value and

check the gauge to see that the power value registers correctly. The

value must be a number in the range 0 ± 1023.

· Press ESC to return to the Diagnostics menu.

6. Set the frequency trim as follows:

Select Frequency Trim from the Diagnostics menu.

While watching the Frequency Error gauge on the IFR, change the

frequency trim value on the Frequency Trim window until the

needle on the gauge is centered.

7. Select None from the Diagnostics menu to stop the data transmission

Setting the Deviation and Balance

To properly set the deviation and balance, you must perform the following

procedure twice ± once near each ³edge´ of the transmit frequency band.

In this procedure, an edge is defined as approximately 2.5 MHz from one

end of the band range.

1. From the terminal emulator, enter programming mode.

2. Select one ³edge´ of the transmit frequency as follows:

Select Radio Ä Transmit Frequency for Active Channel.

Enter a frequency that is on one ³edge´ of the frequency for

the active radio channel. The value must be a number in the

format nnn.nnnn.

Press ESC to return to the Main Menu.

3. Set the IFR to receive at the transmit frequency you set in Step 2.

4. Select Diagnostics ä Transmit 100 Hz Square Wave.

5. Set the balance value as follows:

Select Balance from the Diagnostics menu.

While watching the square wave on the IFR, enter 1-Increase

Balance 0.125 dB or 2-Decrease Balance 0.125 dB until the

corners of the wave are at a 90 Û angle.

Press ESC to return to the Diagnostics menu.

6. Select None from the Diagnostics menu to stop the square wave.

7. Select Transmit Continuous Random Data from the Diagnostics

menu.

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8. Set the deviation value as follows:

Select Deviation from the Diagnostics menu.

While watching the deviation gauge on the IFR, enter 1-Increase

Deviation 0.25 dB or 2-Decrease Deviation 0.25 dB until the

deviation gauge measures 2.5 kHz for a low data rate or 4 kHz

for a high data rate.

Press Ctrl-A or Ctrl-B to save the balance and deviation

values as the first or second reference point.

Press ESC to return to the Diagnostics menu.

Select None from the Diagnostics menu to stop the data

transmission.

10. Repeat Steps 1-7 for the opposite ³edge.´

Setting the Receive Gain

Use this procedure to set the receive packets at the best level for

this modem.

1. From the terminal emulator, enter programming mode.

2. Enable the Receive Diagnostic Mode as follows:

Select Diagnostics ä Receive Diagnostic Mode.

Select 1-Enable.

Press ESC twice to return to the Main Menu.

Select Exit to save the Receive Diagnostic Mode setting and

enter operating mode.

3. Set up another modem to send data to the modem. The terminal

emulator will display the receive level correction value. Make note of

this value.

4. From the terminal emulator, enter programming mode.

5. Set the receive gain level as follows:

Select Diagnostics ä Receive Gain.

Enter the receive level correction value, using the 1-Increase Gain

0.25 dB or 2-Decrease Gain 0.25 dB options.

Press ESC twice to return to the Main Menu.

Select Exit to save the Receive Gain value and enter operating

mode.

6. Repeat steps 3-5 to ensure the receive level remains near zero

(±0.5 dB) after your correction.

7. Disable the Receive Diagnostic Mode as follows:

Select Diagnostics ä Receive Diagnostic Mode.

Select 2-Disable.

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Press ESC twice to return to the Main Menu.

Select Exit to save the Receive Diagnostic Mode setting and enter

operating mode.

Appendix B - Factory Default Parameters

The following chart lists the default values set for each parameter at the factory. Use

the last column to record any custom values you need to set.