Princeton Automobile Accessories SP 5001 User Manual

15 Discovery Way, Acton, MA 01720  
Phone: (978)263-3584, Fax: (978)263-5086  
Operating Instructions  
Acton  
SP-500i  
0.500 Meter Focal Length Triple Grating  
Imaging Monochromator / Spectrograph  
500i Manual V1097.1  
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I: Brief Introduction and SP-500i Description  
Brief Introduction:  
This instruction manual is intended to assist you in set-up and operation of your new SP-500i  
monochromator/spectrograph. Even if you are an experienced user of spectroscopic equipment, we suggest  
that you follow the manual (at least initially) to insure proper setup and operation. If you have any  
questions about the information contained in this manual, please feel free to contact the Princeton  
Instruments customer service department.  
SP-500i Description:  
The SP-500i is a 500mm focal length monochromator/spectrograph. It features an  
astigmatism-corrected optical system, triple indexable gratings and triple grating turret. The  
SP-500i includes a direct digital grating scan mechanism with full wavelength scanning capabilities,  
plus built-in RS232 and IEEE488 computer interfaces.  
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II: SP-500i Specifications  
Specifications (1200g/mm Grating)  
Focal length: 500mm  
Aperture Ratio: f/6.5 (68x68mm gratings)  
Optical Design: Imaging Czerny-Turner with  
original polished aspheric mirrors  
Every SP-500i monochromator or spectrograph  
includes a triple grating turret for 1, 2, or 3 gratings,  
an imaging optical system, 32-bit microprocessor  
controlled scanning, built-in RS232 and IEEE488  
interfaces, and micrometer controlled entrance slit  
(optional second entrance slit available).  
Optical Paths: 90° standard, 180° and  
multi-port optional  
Scan Range: 0 to 1400nm mechanical  
range  
Model SP-556 Spectrograph  
Model SP-555 Monochromator  
Operating Range: 185nm to the far infrared  
with available gratings and accessories  
Resolution: 0.05nm at 435.8nm  
Dispersion: 1.7nm/mm (nominal)  
Accuracy: ±0.2nm  
Triple  
Grating  
Turret  
Triple  
Grating  
Turret  
Repeatability: ±0.05nm  
Drive Step Size: 0.0025nm (nominal)  
Focal Plane Size: 27mm wide x 14mm high  
CCD Focus Arrangement: Exclusive o-ring  
sealed sliding tube with unique 3-point focus  
stop/fine focus adjustment mechanism.  
Detector Coverage: ~42.5nm across a 1.0”  
wide focal plane (~85nm: 600g/mm grating)  
Standard Slits: Micrometer adjustable from  
Entrance  
Slit  
Entrance  
Slit  
CCD  
Port  
Optional  
Entrance  
Slit  
Exit  
Slit  
Optional  
Entrance  
Slit  
10µm to 3mm wide. Slit heights: 4 & 14mm  
Grating Mount: Triple grating turret for 1, 2,  
Includes 90° optical path, and micrometer  
adjustable entrance and exit slits.  
Includes 90° optical path, large 14mm X  
27mm focal plane, plus sliding tube CCD  
adapter with focus-stop.  
or 3 gratings.  
Interchangeable Grating Turrets: Optional  
Grating Change Time: Less than 20 seconds  
Grating Drive System: 32-bit microprocessor  
controlled direct digital scanning (DDS)  
system.  
Model SP-557  
Dual Exit Port Monochromator  
Model SP-558  
Monochromator/Spectrograph  
Scan Linearity: The SP-500i scans  
linear with respect to wavelength  
Triple  
Triple  
Motorized  
Grating  
Motorized  
Grating  
Mirror  
Mirror  
Turret  
Size:  
21” long (534mm)  
Turret  
11” wide (280mm)  
8” high (203mm)  
4.875” (123.8mm) optical axis height  
Exit  
Slit  
Entrance  
Slit  
Entrance  
Slit  
Weight: 40 lbs (18kg)  
Two  
Optional  
CCD  
Port  
Optional  
Exit  
Tested and conforms to European CE  
Standards  
Entrance  
Slits  
Entrance  
Slit  
Slit  
Includes micrometer controlled dual exit  
slits (90 & 180°), and motorized mirror for  
rapid, computer controlled exit slit selec-  
tion.  
Includes dual exit ports; one exit slit and  
one sliding tube CCD adapter with motor-  
ized mirror for rapid, computer controlled  
exit port selection.  
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III. SP-500i Setup  
Section III-A: Unpacking and Inspection  
Carefully unpack and examine the SP-500i and any accessories purchased.  
Section III-B: Connecting the SP-500i Monochromator/Spectrograph to the  
Optional Model 500-749 Remote Scan Controller or Computer  
The SP-500i is designed for operation by computer using RS232 or IEEE488, or by using the optional  
Model 500-749 Remote Scan Controller. Either method of control enables wavelength scanning  
at a pre-set linear scan rate, change of scanning speeds, grating selection, rapid GOTO wavelength  
positioning, change of grating turrets if available, and “jog” wavelength positioning. Figure 1 below shows  
the cable connections necessary for operation from a computer through the COM ports or with a GPIB  
controller card. Figure 2 below shows the cable connections necessary for operation of the SP-500i  
with the optional Model 500-749 remote scan controller. Refer to the Monochromator Control  
Software for Windows for operation with a computer. Refer to Section IV-B for details on operation with the  
Model 500-749 remote scan controller.  
SP-500i Cable Connections:  
Optional 500-749 Remote Scan Controller, RS232, or IEEE488  
SP-500i  
Computer  
FIGURE 1  
Control from Computer  
GPIB  
power  
RS232  
GPIB Controller  
COM Port*  
*COM 1  
or  
COM 2  
SP-500i  
FIGURE 2  
Control from Optional  
GPIB  
power  
RS232  
500-749 Remote Scan  
Controller  
500-749  
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Section III-C: Cables and Connections for S-500i  
Princeton Instruments offers the following computer cables as options:  
CC-499-1  
CC-499-2  
CC-499-3  
IBM PC or XT compatible  
25 pin female ( DB25S) connector to 9 pin male connector ( DB9P).  
IBM AT or compatible  
9 pin female ( DB9S) connector to 9 pin male connector ( DB9P).  
Computer terminal type  
25 pin male ( DB25S) connector to 9 pin male connector ( DB9P).  
9-pin cable for Macintosh computer  
IEEE488 cable, 4 meters long  
CC-499-4  
CC-499-5  
The cable CC-499-2 is included with the SP-500i. The other cables are optional. If none of these  
cables are compatible with your system, consult Princeton Instruments for a custom cable. If you have  
facilities for constructing a custom cable, use the RS232 pin arrangement shown in Table 1, or the  
IEEE488 pin arrangement shown in Table 2. See also Appendix B.  
Table 1: RS232 Computer Interface Pin Arrangement:  
A terminal or RS232 computer port must be set up as follows: 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 start bit,  
1 stop bit.  
Table 2: IEEE488 Computer Interface  
Pin Arrangement:  
Table 3: Power Input Pin Arrangement:  
#1  
PIN#  
DESCRIPTION  
+5V  
#2  
1
2
3
4
GND  
GND  
+24V  
#3  
#4  
5
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Section III-D: Mounting Accessories to the SP-500i Slit Assemblies  
All Acton SP accessories come with their own set of instructions for proper mounting and operation. The  
instructions below are only general information. Please refer to the individual instructions for detailed  
information.  
Accessories: The full range of Acton SP accessories mount directly to the SP-500i slit  
assemblies. A drawing of the standard slit assemblies can be found in the Appendices Section to assist you  
in mounting accessories. To mount an accessory to the slit, the general procedure is as follows:  
1.  
Place the accessory directly against the face of the slit body. Light sources normally mount  
on the entrance slit, detectors on the exit slit. Other accessories such as fiber bundles  
normally mount on the entrance slit, but are also compatible with the exit slit.  
2.  
Using four (4) 8-32 screws normally provided with the accessory, secure the accessory to the  
slit body.  
Light sources fitted with light collection/focusing optics are normally factory aligned to the standard slit.  
Section III-E: Detector Mounting Instructions: Mounting Focal Plane Detectors to  
the SP-500i Spectrograph  
The standard mounting flange for CCDs and diode arrays accommodates detectors with two different bolt  
circles. There are three (3) equally spaced #10-32 tapped holes on a 3.60” bolt circle, and three (3) equally  
spaced holes on a 3.88” bolt circle designed to accept #10-32 button head screws. A baffle is mounted in  
the array detector mounting flange to define the focal plane area. This baffle has two sets of mounting holes  
90 degrees apart which permit the mounting to be rotated 90 degrees to accept different array detectors.  
To mount an array detector to the SP-500i, use the following procedure:  
1.  
The array detector mounting flange has a sliding tube, which fits inside the front plate of the  
SP-500i.  
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2.  
Using a 1/8” allen wrench, loosen the two (2) set screws located at the top and side of the  
front plate. Gently slide the array detector mounting flange all the way out of the  
SP-500i housing. Make sure that the sliding tube and o-ring are kept clean.  
3.  
4.  
Remove the shipping cover from the sliding tube, and the spacer if not required.  
Position the array detector mounting flange against the array detector, and match the hole  
patterns. When correctly positioned, the baffle aperture orientation should match the  
detector array orientation. If it does not align properly, contact Princeton Instruments.  
5.  
6.  
Fasten the array detector mounting flange to the detector, then carefully slide this assembly  
back into the SP-500i housing.  
Tighten the #10-32 set screw on the top of the front plate first, and then tighten the one on  
the side.  
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Sect ion III-F: Slit Widt h Adju st m en t s in t h e Model 7 1 6 Bilat eral Slit s  
Th e slit width of each bilateral slit assem bly (716 type) is adju stable from 0.010 m illim eters to 3  
m illim eters (10 to 3,000 µm ) by a m icrom eter located on th e top of th e slit h ou sin g. Th e m icrom eter  
kn ob is gradu ated in 0.010 m illim eter (10 µm ) in crem en ts.  
Each clockwise revolu tion of th e m icrom eter kn ob in creases th e slit width 0.25 m illim eters (250 µm ). For  
m axim u m reprodu cibility, th e slit width sh ou ld be set in a clockwise direction (in creasin g slit width s)  
each tim e it is ch an ged. Refer to th e drawin g below.  
Th e m icrom eter kn ob sh ou ld n ot be rotated below a readin g of 0.00 or above 3.00. A m icrom eter settin g  
of less th an 0.010 m illim eters (10 µm ) sh ou ld n ot be u sed, becau se a stop is provided to preven t th e slit  
jaws from con tactin g each oth er.  
Slit Width Settin g:  
200 Microm eters (0.200m m )  
Slit Widt h Set t in g:  
1 3 8 0 Microm et ers (1 .3 8 m m )  
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Section III-F Continued:  
Interchanging Fixed Width Slit Plates in the  
Model 715 Fixed Slit Assemblies:  
If your SP-500i was purchased with the Model 715  
type fixed slit assemblies, the following procedure should be  
used in order to change slit widths. First, at least one  
additional fixed slit plate, Model 715-4-XX or 715-14-XX,  
must be available to permit changing widths in the 715 type  
slit assemblies.  
Changing Fixed Slit Plates in the 500-715-1  
and 500-715-2 Assemblies:  
1.  
2.  
Remove any accessories from the slit body.  
Using an allen wrench, loosen the two slit plate screws  
which hold the slit plate to the slit body. Remove the slit  
plate without contacting the slit blades. Store the  
removed slit plate in a clean, dry area.  
Standard Model 715 Fixed Slit  
Assembly  
NOTE: Optical Axis Position  
3.  
4.  
Place the new slit plate in the slit body and secure  
it in position using the slit plate screws. The cone  
shaped holes in the slit plate are designed to align  
the slits to the optical system.  
The slit width has now been changed.  
Fixed Width Slit Plate  
Note Orientation for Correct Installation  
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IV: SP-500i Operation  
Section IV-A: Initialization  
When power is turned ON to the SP-500i, it initializes to a wavelength of 0.0nm for grating number 1.  
If the power is switched OFF and then ON again to the SP-500i, it will re-initialize. Initialization  
gives the system a reference, or starting position to keep track of wavelength position, grating location, and  
other parameters. Alternative start-up parameters can be programmed if the factory defaults are not  
suitable (See Appendix A).  
Section IV-B: Using the Optional Model 500-749 Remote Scan Controller  
The Model 500-749 is a Remote Scan Controller (referred to as “controller” for the remainder of this manual)  
for the SP-500i Monochromator/Spectrographs. Functions include scanning of wavelengths, GOTO  
for rapidly moving the monochromator to a specific center wavelength, grating selection, and interchanging  
of grating turrets. It consists of an H-P Model HP 48G Graphics Calculator with RS232 interface, and  
Acton-written scan control software. The controller is programmed with all the instrument scan functions  
displayed as convenient menu items, with simple keystrokes enabling any of the scan  
functions to be performed.  
The controller is connected to the SP-500i through the standard RS232 port with the cable  
provided. It is designed to send commands and receive information about the specific SP-500i it is  
attached to, therefore a single controller can be used with many different instruments (one at a time,  
however). When the power is switched OFF and then ON again to the SP-500i and the controller,  
the SP-500i will re-initialize. If the controller power is switched OFF then ON again, and the  
SP-500i power is left ON, then the controller will return to the last menu selected.  
Operation of the Controller with the SP-500i:  
With the controller connected to the SP-500i, turn the power ON to both components. After the  
SP-500i initializes, the following menu should be displayed:  
SP300  
If the above menu does not appear (for example, if the controller was operated in the calculator mode),  
press the RIGHT FUNCTION KEY (), followed by the LIBRARY key, then select SP300. When the above  
menu is displayed, press the white key below the SP300 function to begin operation (see Appendices Section  
for use of the "UTILIT” functions). The following menu will be shown:  
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Main Menu  
GOTO  
SCAN  
SPEED  
GRAT  
TURR  
QUIT  
All functions of the SP-500i are accessed while the controller displays the Main Menu.  
GOTO Menu:  
Press the white key below the GOTO command. The following menu will appear (with a flashing arrow next  
to the Enter Wavelength line):  
Key in the desired wavelength (in nm) and then push the <ENTER> key (ex: 500 <ENTER>). The  
SP-500i will then race at the maximum motor speed to the selected wavelength and display this  
interim menu.  
GOTO Interim Menu  
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After the GOTO command is completed, the Main Menu will appear again showing the new center  
wavelength (in a monochromator this is the wavelength at the exit slit, in a spectrograph it is the center of  
the focal plane).  
Main Menu  
GOTO  
SCAN  
SPEED  
GRAT  
TURR  
QUIT  
SCAN Menu:  
SCAN moves the SP-500i to a desired wavelength at a pre-set scanning rate in nanometers per  
minute. To use the SCAN menu function, press the white key under the SCAN command while in the  
Main Menu. The following menu will appear (with a flashing arrow after Enter wavelength):  
SCAN Menu  
As with GOTO, key in the desired wavelength (in nm) followed by <ENTER>. The SP-500i will scan  
to the selected wavelength at the preset scanning rate. To change the scanning rate, see the SPEED  
(Scanning Rate) instructions following this section. The controller will continue to update the wavelength  
display as scanning takes place. When the scanning is complete, the controller returns to the Main Menu  
with updated information:  
Main Menu  
GOTO  
SCAN  
SPEED  
GRAT  
TURR  
QUIT  
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SPEED (Scanning Rate) Menu:  
To change the wavelength scanning speed of the SP-500i, press the white key below the SPEED  
function in the Main Menu. The following menu will be displayed (with a flashing arrow after Enter speed):  
SCAN Menu  
Key in the desired scanning speed in nm/min then press <ENTER> (ex: 200.0 <ENTER>). If you enter a  
wavelength above the maximum scanning speed for a specific grating, the SP-500i and controller  
will default to the maximum scanning speed allowed for the specific grating. The controller will return to  
the Main Menu with updated scan speed, as shown in the menu below:  
Main Menu  
GOTO  
SCAN  
SPEED  
GRAT  
TURR  
QUIT  
GRAT (Grating Change) Menu:  
Use the GRAT menu to index a desired grating into the operating position (only if there is more than one  
grating installed in your SP-500i). From the Main Menu, press the white key below the GRAT command.  
This will display a menu that shows the available gratings for the turret currently installed, with  
a dot () indicating the grating currently in operating position. For example:  
GRAT Menu  
1
2
3
QUIT  
This menu shows that Grating #1 (1200g/mm, blazed at 500nm) is in the operating position. To select  
grating #2, press the white button under the number 2 on the display. During the 20 seconds required for  
a grating change, the controller displays “Changing Grating”. When the change is complete, the dot ()  
appears next to the #2 grating. To return back to the Main Menu, press the white key below the QUIT  
function. The Main Menu will now display the new grating.  
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TURR (Turret Change) Menu:  
The SP-500i comes with a triple grating turret which accepts 1, 2 or 3 gratings. If more than 3  
gratings are required, optional interchangeable turrets are available. If your SP-500i has been  
purchased with more than one turret (up to three turrets are possible for a total of nine gratings), you must  
input the appropriate turret number using the TURR menu each time a turret is changed. For example, if  
you switch from turret #1 to turret #2, use the TURR Menu to let the software know you made the change.  
This enables the SP-500i and controller to scan correctly and provide correct wavelength display.  
To select the Turret Change Menu from the Main Menu, press the white key below TURR on the controller  
display. The TURR menu displays, with a dot (), which grating turret is currently installed in the  
SP-500i, along with available turrets. A display of “Not Inst” means that no gratings have been installed  
in the specified turret position. For example, the following menu shows that turret #1 is installed with  
Grating #1 (1200g/mm) and Grating #2 (300g/mm). It also shows that turret #2 is available, and that  
#3 is not installed. To input the correct turret information, press the white key below the numbers 1, 2, or  
3 (in this case, nothing will happen if you select turret 3).  
TURR Menu  
1
2
3
QUIT  
Press the key below the QUIT function to return to the Main Menu.  
JOG Instructions:  
The controller for the SP-500i allows the user to change wavelengths without accessing GOTO or  
SCAN, and without keying in a destination wavelength. This function is useful for rapidly scanning from  
one wavelength region to another, searching for the peak of a line, or accurately positioning a source image  
on an array detector. This function is called JOG, and it can be accessed at any time that the other  
functions (GOTO, SCAN, etc.) are not in operation. The controller has four direction keys marked with  
arrow indicators (,, , and  
). JOG operates by moving the SP-500i in wavelength increments  
ranging from 0.1nm to 1000nm, and also in “single motor step” increments. Pressing the UP arrow (  
)
increases the JOG increment a factor of 10 each time it is pressed, while the DOWN arrow ( ) decreases  
the increment a factor of 10. To access the single motor step JOG, press the DOWN arrow ( ) until the  
increment setting decreases below 0.1nm.  
JOG direction is controlled by the arrow keys marked (  
the increment chosen), press the ( ) key. To JOG to decreasing wavelengths, press the (  
and  
). To JOG to increasing wavelengths (by  
) key. If you  
press either key more than once, the SP-500i will move the preset JOG increment multiplied by the  
number of times the key is pressed. The maximum wavelength possible depends on the grating in the  
operating position (1400nm maximum with a 1200g/mm grating, 2800nm maximum with a 600g/mm  
grating, etc.). The minimum wavelength possible is -10nm for all gratings.  
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Section IV-C: Operating the SP-500i Using a Computer  
The Acton SP Monochromator can be controlled from an RS232 terminal or computer using RS232  
or IEEE488. The same command set, listed below, is used for both RS232 and IEEE488.  
Commands can be sent as single commands or grouped in strings of commands. All commands are single  
words (contain no spaces) and all commands in a string are separated by at least one space. Parameters, if  
needed, precede the command and are separated from the command by at least one space (e.g. 546.7  
GOTO).  
For RS232 operation, the port set-up is 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no parity. All commands or  
strings of commands must be terminated with a carriage return (0D hex). The SP-500i responds to  
command when the command has been completed by returning the characters OK followed by carriage  
eturn and line feed (hex ASCII sequence 20 6F 6B 0D 0A). The default condition is to echo each character  
that is sent to the SP-500i.  
r
When using the IEEE488 (or GPIB) interface, the default device address is 11. The device address can be  
set to any value from 1 to 30 using the command SET-ID. The command ?ID is used to read back the IEEE  
address. Each command or string of commands must be terminated with a carriage return (0D hex). When  
sending a command or string of commands, it is important to wait for the monochromator to complete the  
processing of that command string before sending another command. This is accomplished by checking the  
status byte. The monochromator controls bits in the IEEE488 status byte which can be read from the  
IEEE488 controller. The command for reading this status byte will be unique to your IEEE controller.  
For example, with National Instrument controllers, the command is IBRSP. With CEC controllers,  
the command is SPOLL.  
IEEE488 Status Byte Bits:  
Bit 0  
0 = command is being processed  
1 = SP-500i ready for another command  
Bit 1  
Bit 7  
0 = no errors  
1 = SP-500i detected an error in the command  
0 = no response or response has been read  
1 = SP-500i generated a response which is now ready to be sent  
Note that with some fast computers, it is necessary to add a few milliseconds delay in your program after  
sending a command and before checking the status byte to allow time for the status byte to be updated.  
Monochromator Wavelength Movement Commands:  
GOTO  
Goes to a destination wavelength at maximum motor speed. Accepts destination  
wavelength in nm as a floating point number with up to 3 digits after the decimal  
point or whole number wavelength with no decimal point.  
<GOTO>  
NM  
Same as GOTO (For compatibility with software written for previous Acton SP  
models.)  
Goes to a destination wavelength at constant nm/min rate specified by last NM/MIN  
command. Accepts destination wavelength in nm as a floating point number with up  
to 3 digits after the decimal point or whole number wavelength with no decimal point.  
<NM>  
Same as NM (For compatibility with software written for previous Acton SP models.)  
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Monochromator Wavelength Movement Commands (cont.) :  
>NM  
Similar to NM except it returns control to user immediately rather than waiting for  
completion of monochromator wavelength move. Can be used with ?NM or  
MONO-?DONE below. This command must be terminated with MONO-STOP listed  
below. NOTE: Use the NM command when communication with the monochromator  
during the scan is not required.  
?NM  
Returns present wavelength in nm to 0.01nm resolution with units nm appended.  
E.G.  
?NM  
300.00 nm  
MONO-?DONE  
Used with >NM command to determine if monochromator has reached the destination.  
Returns 0 if move is not complete, 1 if move is complete.  
MONO-STOP  
NM/MIN  
Stops the monochromator wavelength move after use of the >NM command.  
Returns present scan rate in nm/min to 0.01 nm/min resolution with units nm/min  
appended.  
E.G.  
?NM/MIN  
100.00 nm/min  
Grating Control Commands:  
GRATING  
Places specified grating in position to the wavelength of the wavelength on the present  
grating. Up to nine (9) gratings are allowed on three (3) turrets. This command takes  
a grating number from 1 - 9. IMPORTANT NOTE: This command assumes that the  
correct turret is specified by the TURRET command. For example, using grating  
numbers 1, 4 and 7 will place the first grating on the installed turret into that position  
and call up the parameters for the grating number specified.  
?GRATING  
Returns the number of gratings presently being used numbered 1 - 9.  
?GRATINGS  
Returns the list of installed gratings with position groove density and blaze.  
The present grating is specified with an arrow.  
TURRET  
Specifies the presently installed turret or the turret to be installed.  
E.G. If installing the second turret, issue the command 2 TURRET to insure using  
the correct parameters.  
?TURRET  
Returns the correctly installed turret numbered 1 - 3.  
The following command is used for grating installation by Acton part #:  
Installs new grating parameters into the non-volatile memory of the Acton SP  
INSTALL  
monochromator. Uses the part # of the grating to specify the parameters.  
E.G. 1-120-500 5 INSTALL places a 1200 g/mm grating blazed at 500nm into the  
second grating position on turret #2.  
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Grating Control Commands (cont.) :  
The following commands are used for grating installation by grating parameters:  
SELECT-GRATING Specifies the grating number to be installed 1 - 9.  
G/MM  
BLAZE  
Specifies groove density of grating to be installed in g/mm.  
E.G. 1200 G/MM  
Specifies the blaze wavelength and units of the grating to be installed with 7  
characters of the user’s choice. Unlike other commands, this command is issued  
before the parameters. After the command is issued, the SP-500i responds with  
. Seven characters are then entered (these may be numbers, letters,  
spaces or special characters).  
UNINSTALL  
Used to remove a grating and its parameters from the SP-500i non-volatile memory.  
Diverter Control Commands:  
EXIT-MIRROR  
Designates the exit diverter mirror to receive the diverter control commands. This  
command is for Acton SP monochromators that can accept two diverter mirrors.  
The SP-500i monochromators will accept this command but it is not required in these  
monochromators.  
ENT-MIRROR  
Designates the entrance diverter mirror to receive the diverter control commands.  
This command is for Acton SP monochromators that can accept two diverter  
mirrors. The SP-500i monochromators will not accept this command.  
FRONT  
SIDE  
Moves the designated diverter mirror to position the beam to the front port position.  
Moves the designated diverter mirror to position the beam to the side port position.  
?MIRROR  
Returns the position of the designated diverter mirror with the responses “front” and  
“side”.  
?MIR  
Returns the position of the designated diverter mirror with the responses 0 for front  
and 1 for side.  
Slit Width Control Commands:  
FRONT-EXIT-SLIT Designates front exit slit to receive slit control commands. NOTE: The designation  
remains in effect until changed by another slit designator. This command does not  
have to be repeated until the designated slit is changed.  
SIDE-EXIT-SLIT Designates side exit slit to receive slit control commands.  
FRONT-ENT-SLIT Designates front entrance slit to receive slit control commands.  
SIDE-ENT-SLIT  
MICRONS  
Designates side entrance slit to receive slit control commands.  
Sets the slit width for the designated slit in the range of 10 to 3000 microns to  
1 micron resolution.  
17  
?MICRONS  
Returns the slit width setting in microns to the nearest 1 micron.  
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GRATING CALIBRATION COMMANDS:  
INIT-OFFSET  
Sets the offset value for the designated grating. Default values are 0 for gratings 1, 4  
and 7; 1536000 for gratings 2, 5 and 8; and 3072000 for gratings 3, 6, and 9. The  
limits on the settings are +/- 2500 for a 1200 g/mm grating. This corresponds to an  
error of greater than +/- 5nm for a 1200 g/mm grating. The limits are adjusted for  
grating groove density, e.g. error for a 600 g/mm grating is +/- 5000. The grating  
density designator used with this command is grating# - 1.  
E.G. 3072056. 8 INIT-OFFSET for setting offset on grating #9 - 3rd grating on  
turret #3.  
NOTE: This command requires a decimal point after the offset value.  
INIT-SP500-OFFSET Same as INIT-OFFSET above except no decimal point is used after the offset value.  
E.G. 3072056 8 INIT-SP500-OFFSET  
INIT-GADJUST  
Sets grating adjustment value for the designated grating. Default values are 10000 for  
all gratings. The limits on the parameter for this command are +/- 1000 for all  
gratings. The grating designator used with this command is the grating # - 1.  
E.G. 9993 1 INIT-GADJUST for setting gadjust on the second grating of turret #1.  
NOTE: This command is to maintain compatibility with previous Acton SP  
applications. For new applications, use the INIT-SP500-GADJUST command below.  
INIT-SP500-GADJUSTSets grating adjustment value for the designated grating. Default values are 1000000  
for all gratings. The limits on the parameter for this command are +/-100000 for all  
gratings. The grating designator used with this command is the grating# - 1.  
E.G. 999322 4 INIT-SP300-GADJUST for setting gadjust on the second grating of  
turret #2.  
MONO-EESTATUS Returns setup and grating calibration parameters for all gratings.  
RESTORE FACTORY  
SETTINGS Returns all parameters including grating calibration parameters to the original factory  
calibrated settings. NOTE: This command will overwrite any calibration parameters  
set by the user.  
MONO-RESET  
Initializes Acton SP monochromator. Necessary after using INIT-OFFSET,  
INIT-GADJUST or INIT-SP500-GADJUST.  
HELLO  
MODEL  
Same as MONO-RESET. Used to maintain compatibility with existing applications.  
Returns model number of Acton SP monochromator.  
E.G. MODEL SP-558  
SERIAL  
Returns serial number of Acton SP monochromator. Format is 7 digits with the first  
3 digits being the model #.  
E.G. SERIAL 3060232  
The following are the Start-Up parameters and their default values:  
Default Values:  
TURRET  
#1  
GRATING  
#1  
WAVELENGTH  
SCAN SPEED  
0.0 nm  
100.0 nm/min  
18  
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INIT-GRATING  
Selects which of the three gratings on the installed turret the monochromator will go to  
after finding 0.0 nm on the first grating of the installed turret.  
E.G. 2 INIT-GRATING selects the second grating as the default. Accepts values 1 - 9.  
INIT-WAVELENGTH Sets an initial wavelength for the monochromator after initialization.  
E.G. 435.84 INIT-WAVELENGTH  
INIT-SRATE  
Sets an initial scan rate for the monochromator.  
E.G. 500.0 INIT-SRATE  
Section IV-D: Focusing and Alignment of Array Detectors  
With the array detector properly mounted to the SP-500i, use the following procedure to align and  
focus the array detector to the SP-500i optical system. It is assumed that the array detection  
system is running for the following procedure.  
1.  
2.  
Mount a light source such as a mercury pen-ray type to the entrance slit of the  
SP-500i. Princeton Instruments offers a standard mercury lamp, Model MS-416, designed  
for this purpose. Any light source with line output can be used. If there are no “line” sources  
available, it is possible to use a broad band source such as tungsten for the alignment. If  
this is the case, use only a wavelength setting of 0.0nm for alignment purposes.  
With the SP-500i properly connected to the controller or computer, turn the power ON and  
move the spectrograph to a wavelength of 435.8 nm if using a mercury lamp, or 0.0 nm for a  
broad band source, or another wavelength corresponding to a spectrum produced by another  
“line” source.  
3.  
4.  
With the array detector operating, check the image of the light source if running in an  
imaging mode with a CCD. Otherwise check the line intensity and shape.  
Using a 1/8” allen wrench, loosen the two (2) #10-32 set screws (approximately 2 turns)  
located on the top and side of the front plate, and slowly slide the array detector IN or OUT  
until the sharpest image is achieved, or the sharpest line is achieved.  
5.  
6.  
Move the thumb wheel until it just makes contact with the array detector mounting flange.  
This enables you to rotate the detector without changing the focus position. Rotate the  
detector for correct alignment. The thumb wheel adjustments may be used to precisely  
position the detector - one eighth of a turn of the thumb wheel changes the detector position  
by approximately 1/10th of a millimeter.  
After each adjustment, ensure the array detector mounting flange is in contact with the  
thumb wheel and the two (2) push screws. Tighten the #10-32 set screw on the top of the  
front plate first, and then tighten the one on the side to secure the detector.  
7.  
8.  
Best spectral resolution is obtained when the array detector is aligned to the SP-500i.  
The light source can be removed if desired, and replaced by fiber optics or other light sources.  
If fibers or other imaging optics are used to bring light into the SP-500i, they may  
require adjustment along the optical axis to achieve best vertical image quality.  
19  
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Section IV-E:  
Converting the SP-500i from Monochromator to  
Spectrograph, or Spectrograph to Monochromator  
Monochromator to Spectrograph: This procedure requires that you have the monochromator  
version, Model SP-555, plus the array detector mounting flange.  
1.  
2.  
Loosen the two (2) set screws.  
Remove the four (4) 8-32 socket head cap screws (SHCS) which secure the exit slit to the  
SP-500i housing. Details of the slit assemblies can be found in the drawing located  
in the Appendices Section.  
3.  
4.  
Gently slide the slit assembly out of the SP-500i housing and store in a clean, dry  
area. The exit slit assemblies are attached to a sliding tube which is removed along with the  
slit body.  
Slide the array detector mounting flange into the SP-500i housing so that it rests  
against the housing. It may be necessary to turn the focus-stop thumb wheel counter  
clockwise so that it does not interfere with the array detector mounting flange.  
5.  
6.  
The SP-500i has now been converted from monochromator to spectrograph.  
Refer to Sections III-E “Mounting Focal Plane Detectors...”, and IV-D “Focus and Aligning  
Array Detectors” for actual mounting, alignment, and focus of array detectors.  
Spectrograph to Monochromator : This procedure requires that you have the spectrograph  
version, Model SP-556, plus the Model SP-716-2 exit slit assembly.  
1.  
2.  
3.  
Loosen the two (2) set screws and gently slide the array detector mounting flange out  
of the SP-500i housing.  
Remove the array detector if attached, then store the array detector mounting flange in  
a clean, dry place.  
Locate the Model SP-716-2 exit slit assembly, then gently slide it into the SP-500i  
housing until it rests against the housing. Exit slit assemblies are attached to a sliding  
tube to fit the SP-500i housing.  
4.  
Using four (4) 8-32 socket head cap screws (SHCS), secure the slit assembly against  
the SP-500i housing. There are four (4) tapped holes in the SP-500i housing to  
facilitate mounting the exit slit.  
Note: The slit aperture is slightly offset in the slit assembly. It should be oriented so that the  
aperture is on the upper side when properly mounted to the SP-500i. On the  
bilateral slits, the micrometer points upward. On the fixed slit assemblies you should be  
able to read the slit width marking (it will be upright). Please refer to the drawing in the  
appendices section of this manual for correct orientation if necessary.  
5.  
The SP-500i has now been converted from spectrograph to monochromator .  
20  
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V. Appendices and Schematic Drawings  
Appendix V-A: Selecting Alternate Start-Up Parameters  
The following are the Start-Up parameters and their default values:  
GRATING  
#1  
WAVELENGTH  
SCAN SPEED  
0.0 nm  
100.0 nm/min  
Each of the above may be changed through the RS232 port or IEEE488 port using the following  
commands. These values are stored in non-volatile memory and will be in effect after the next power-up.  
INIT-GRATING  
Selects which of the two gratings on the installed turret the SP-500i will go to  
after finding 0.0 nm on the first grating.  
E.G. 2 INIT-GRATING selects the second grating as the default  
INIT-WAVELENGTH Sets an initial wavelength for the SP-500i after initialization.  
E.G. 435.84 INIT-WAVELENGTH Notice that two digits after the decimal point are  
required  
INIT-SRATE  
Sets an initial scan rate for the SP-500i.  
E.G. 500.00 INIT-SRATE Notice that two digits after the decimal point are required  
The following command is used to return all grating parameters and start-up parameters to the original  
factory settings.  
Note that any gratings installed at a later date (after initially receiving the SP-500i) will be erased  
from memory using this “restore command”.  
RESTORE-FACTORY-SETTINGS Returns all parameters, including grating calibration parameters, to the  
original factory calibrated settings. NOTE: This command will overwrite  
any calibration parameters set by the user.  
21  
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Appendix V-B:  
Cable Connection Diagrams -  
SP-500i Monochromators &  
Spectrographs To Various Computers  
1
6
1
6
2
2
7
3
8
4
9
7
3
8
SP-500i to  
PC-AT or Compatible  
4
9
5
5
DB9P  
MALE  
1
2
15  
3
16  
4
1
1
6
2
5
1
SP-500i to PC-XT  
or Terminal  
6
7
3
7
2
8
4
8
2
9
9
5
22  
10  
11  
24  
12  
2
DB9P  
MALE  
13  
1
2
3
1
6
2
7
3
SP-500i to  
Macintosh Computer  
(Modem or Printer Port)  
4
5
6
7
8
4
9
5
8
DB9P  
MALE  
8 PIN  
MALE  
22  
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Appen dix V-C:  
St an dard Slit Assem blies  
2 3  
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Appendix V-D: Accessories Listing  
SP-500i Monochromators & Spectrographs  
SP-555  
SP-500i, 500mm Monochromator: Base instrument with 90˚ optical path,  
direct digital wavelength drive, Autotrack™ electronics, built-in RS232 and IEEE488  
computer compatibility and triple indexable grating mount with one triple grating turret.  
Requires grating(s), entrance slit, exit slit, and a #500-749 remote scan controller or computer  
for operation. Includes PC-based software for control of SP-500i.  
SP-556  
SP-557  
SP-558  
SP-500i, 500mm Spectrograph: Same as above, with an array detector mounting  
flange mounted on the exit port, compatible with standard Princeton Instruments, EG&G  
PARC, or Photometrics (Spectra 9000 type) array detectors.  
SP-500i, 500mm Dual Exit Port Monochromator: Same as SP-555, with a  
micrometer controlled entrance slit, two micrometer controlled exit slits and a motorized exit  
slit selection mirror. Provides 90° and 180° optical paths.  
SP-500i, 500mm Monochromator/SpectroGraph: Same as SP-555, with  
micrometer controlled entrance and exit slits 180° apart, motorized exit port selection mirror  
and a multichannel detector adapter flange on end port.  
Remote Scan Controller  
500-749  
Remote Scan Controller with Software: Functions include scanning, change of scan  
speeds, wavelength readout in nanometers, GOTO, and grating selection. Includes controller  
(H-P Graphics Calculator with RS232 output port), 5 foot long connecting cable and  
dedicated scan control software.  
Assemblies: Bilaterally Adjustable and Fixed Width  
SP-716-1  
Bilaterally adjustable ENTRANCE slit assembly for SP-500i monochromator or  
spectrograph. Micrometer adjustable widths from 10µm to 3mm. Supplied with  
interchangeable 4.0mm and 14.0mm high baffles.  
SP-716-2  
Bilaterally adjustable EXIT slit assembly with adapter for SP-500i monochromator  
Micrometer adjustable widths from 10µm to 3mm. Supplied with interchangeable 4.0mm  
and 14.0mm high baffles.  
.
Triple Grating Turret  
GT-483  
Optional interchangeable triple grating turret for the SP-500i. Must be specified at  
time of SP-500i manufacture. Includes second turret, requires gratings.  
24  
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Other Acton SP Monochromators & Spectrographs  
SP-150-M  
SP-150, 150mm Monochromator with internal image correction with original  
polished aspheric optics, interchangeable dual grating turret, exclusive SpectraDrive™  
stepping motor scanning system with 32-bit microprocessor control, Rs232 and IEEE488  
computer interfaces, micrometer controlled entrance and exit slits, 90° optical path and scan  
control software for Windows. Gratings are required for operation.  
SP-150-S  
SP-305  
SP-150, 150mm Spectrograph: Same as above with a standard multichannel  
detector adapter flange on exit port. Provides a 90° optical path.  
SP-300i, 300mm Monochromator with micrometer adjustable entrance/exit slits,  
90° optical path, internal image correction with original polished aspheric optics, a triple  
grating turret, exclusive SpectraDrive™ stepping motor scanning system with 32-bit  
microprocessor control, RS232 and IEEE488 computer interfaces, plus scan control software  
for Windows. Computer with RS232 or IEEE488 and gratings are required for operation.  
SP-306  
SP-300i, 300mm Spectrograph: Same as above Model SP-305, except with  
micrometer controlled entrance slit, 14mm X 27mm focal plane, sliding tube CCD  
adapter with exclusive focus stop and standard multichannel detector adapter flange.  
Provides a 90° optical path.  
SP-307  
SP-308  
SP-300i, 300mm Dual Exit Port Monochromator: Same as SP-305, except with  
micrometer controlled entrance slit, two micrometer controlled exit slits and a motorized exit  
port selection mirror. Provides 90° and 180° optical paths.  
SP-300i, 300mm Monochromator/Spectrograph: Same as SP-305, except with  
micrometer controlled entrance and exit slits 180° apart, motorized port selection mirror and  
multichannel detector adapter on 90° port.  
DM-481-N  
SP-755  
Motorized Diverter Mirror for entrance port selection.  
SP-750, 750mm Monochromator with a triple indexable grating turret, micrometer  
controlled entrance and exit slits 180° apart, exclusive SpectraDrive™ stepping motor  
scanning system, remote scan controller with RS232 computer interface (IEEE488 optional),  
plus scan control software for Windows. Gratings are required for operation.  
SP-756  
SP-757  
SP-758  
SP-750, 750mm Spectrograph: Same as above, with micrometer controlled  
entrance slit and standard multichannel detector adapter flange on exit port. Provides a 90°  
optical path.  
SP-750, 750mm Dual Exit Port Monochromator: Same as SP-755, with  
micrometer controlled entrance slit, two micrometer controlled exit slits and a motorized exit  
slit selection mirror. Provides a 90° and 180° optical path.  
SP-750, 750mm Monochromator/Spectrograph: Same as SP-755, with  
micrometer controlled entrance and exit slits 180° apart, exit port selection mirror  
and a multichannel detector adapter flange on end port.  
Light Sources  
MS-416  
Low Pressure Mercury Light Source with power supply and mounting flange for Acton SP  
monochromators and spectrographs. Provides output at typical mercury wavelengths (line  
output).  
DS-421  
30 Watt Deuterium Light Source with housing, power supply, mounting flange, and light  
collection mirror. Provides output from 190 to 350nm.  
25  
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Light Sources (cont.)  
TS-425  
30 Watt Tungsten-Halogen Light Source with housing, power supply, mounting flange, and  
light collection mirror. Provides output from 350nm to >2.0µm  
TS-428  
250 Watt Tungsten-Halogen Light Source with housing, AC power supply, mounting flange,  
variable brightness control and light collection mirror. Provides output from 350nm to  
>2.0µm.  
TS-428-DC  
TDS-429  
Same as TS-428 with Regulated DC Power Supply .  
Dual Light Source with 30 watt deuterium & 30 watt tungsten-halogen lamps. Includes  
housing with light collection mirror, mounting flange, and power supply. Provides combined  
output from 190 to >2.0µm.  
XS-432  
IS-434  
75 Watt Xenon Light Source includes power supply, housing, mounting flange and light  
collection mirror. Provides continuous spectral output from 190nm to 750nm and declining  
continuum out to 2.6µm.  
Infrared Source for wavelength region 2.6-16 microns includes silicon carbide resistor,  
housing, mounting flange, light collection mirror and power supply.  
Detectors and Accessories  
PD-438  
Universal Photomultiplier Tube Housing for standard 1 1/8" side window photomultiplier  
tubes. Requires side window PMT, and photometer/power supply for operation. Accepts Acton  
tubes P1, P2 or P3 below, or customer-specified 1 1/8” side window PMTs.  
PD-439  
P1  
Same as PD-438 above, also includes integrated light tight shutter.  
IP28 side window photomultiplier tube (or equivalent) for wavelength region 185-650nm.  
Fits PD-438 or PD-439 housing.  
P2  
P3  
R928 side window photomultiplier tube (or equivalent) for wavelength region from  
185-900nm. Fits PD-438 or PD-439 housing.  
R5108 side window photomultiplier tube (or equivalent) for wavelength region from  
300-1100nm. Fits PD-438 or PD-439 housing.  
ID-441  
InGaAs Detector, includes pre-amplifier, uncooled version.  
ID-441-C  
InGaAs Detector, includes pre-amplifier, cooled version, requires either Model 442-1 or  
442-1A thermoelectric cooling for operation.  
ID-442  
Infrared Detection Assembly (PbS) with housing, power supply, and mounting flange for  
SP-500i, for wavelength region from 1.1 - 2.9 microns. (Requires 442-2 preamplifier  
or customer-supplied pre-amplifier for operation).  
442-1  
Thermoelectric cooling for ID-441 or ID-442 detectors; includes direct temperature readout.  
Thermoelectric cooling for ID-441 or ID-442 detectors.  
442-1 A  
442-2  
Preamplifier for ID-442 detection assembly.  
ID-443  
IR Detection Assembly (InSb) for 1.5 to 5.0 microns. Includes detector housing,  
pre-amplifier, and Dewar.  
26  
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ID-444  
SC-1  
MCT IR Detector ( Mercury Cadmium Telluride). Covers 2 - 15 µm, includes power supply,  
LN2 Dewar and pre-amplifier.  
SpectraCard data acquisition system, 16-bit PC expansion card with Windows data  
acquisition software.  
Filter Wheels and Order Sorting Filter Assemblies  
FA-448  
Six Position Filter Wheel Assembly. Manual sample indexing, holds up to six samples, each  
1.0” diameter.  
FA-448-1  
Order Sorting Filter Assembly. Includes 320nm, 590nm, 665nm, and 715nm filters  
mounted in FA-448 filter wheel. Manual indexing of filters for elimination of unwanted second  
order radiation.  
FA-448-2  
FA-448-3  
Motorized Six Position Filter Wheel Assembly, with stepping motor and FA-448-4  
controller. Enables indexing via thumb wheel control, or by computer with RS232. Requires  
computer with RS232 for computerized operation.  
Motorized Order Sorting Filter Assembly. Includes 320nm, 590nm, 665nm, and 715nm  
filters mounted in FA-448-2 filter wheel. Enables computer controlled indexing of order  
sorting filters for elimination of unwanted second order radiation. Requires computer with  
RS232 for operation.  
FA-448-4  
Controller Only for FA-448 or 448-1 filter wheel assemblies. Retrofit kit which enables  
changing the FA-448 or 448-1 from manual to computer controlled indexing. Requires  
FA-448 type filter wheel and computer with RS232 for operation.  
488-03  
IEEE488 Interface option for Models FA-448-2, FA-448-3 and FA-448-4.  
Software  
SW-417  
Data Acquisition Software Package: Acton data acquisition and scan control software with  
graphical user interface. Functions include spectral data acquisition, reflectance,  
transmittance, plus storage and printing of acquired data. Data saved in ASCII format.  
Requires Acton SP monochromator with SpectraDrive (SD-748) scan system. PS-445 detector  
system, PMT detector and a 486 or higher PC-computer with Windows operating system for  
operation. Pentium highly recommended for optimum performance.  
27  
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Fiber Optic Light Guides: All Fiber optic light guides contain 19 fibers, 200µm diameter, arranged in  
a line pattern at the slit end, and round at the source end.  
LG-455-020-1 UV-VIS Fiber Optic Bundle 1.0 meter long, for 190nm to 1100nm. Requires mount.  
LG-455-020-3 UV-VIS Fiber Optic Bundle 3.0 meter long, for 190nm to 1100nm. Requires mount.  
LG-456-020-1 VIS-NIR Fiber Optic Bundle 1.0 meter long, for 400nm to 2200nm. Requires mount.  
LG-456-020-1 VIS-NIR Fiber Optic Bundle 3.0 meter long, for 400nm to 2200nm. Requires mount.  
FC-446-020 Slit mount with horizontal translation capability for 10mm diameter fiber optic bundle.  
Connecting Cables  
CC-499-1  
CC-499-2  
CC-499-3  
CC-499-4  
CC-499-5  
Cable for IBM-PC or XT compatible computer. 25 pin female connector to 9 pin male connector.  
Cable for IBM-PC AT or compatible computer. 9 pin female connector to 9 pin male connector.  
Computer terminal type connector. 25 pin male connector to 9 pin male connector.  
9-pin cable for Macintosh computer.  
IEEE488 cable, 4 meters long.  
If the above cables are not compatible with your system, contact Princeton Instruments  
for a custom cable.  
28  
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NOTES:  
† Blazed Holographic, 190-400nm  
optimum range  
†† Blazed Holographic, 450-  
1400nm optimum range  
††† Blazed Holographic, 190-400nm  
optimum range  
Gold coated optics are  
available on request.  
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  
Ordering Information  
Telephone Orders  
MasterCard / VISA  
MasterCard & VISA accepted for purchases.  
Telephone orders may be placed between 7:30AM  
and 5:00PM EST. Written "Confirmations" are required  
on all verbal orders.  
Written Orders  
Telephone: (978) 263-3584  
Submit all written orders to our mailing  
address:  
Fax Orders  
Orders may be placed by fax with written confirmation.  
Please include complete name and address with these orders  
FAX: (978) 263-5086  
Princeton Instruments-Acton  
15 Discovery Way  
Acton, MA 01720  
U.S.A.  
Orders accepted subject to current pricing.  
All orders FOB Princeton Instruments-Acton  
or shipping charges & insurance added  
separately.  
• SpectraPro® is a registered trademark of Acton Research Corporation •  
29  
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Appendix V-E: Certification and Warranty  
Certification  
Princeton Instruments certifies that this instrument was thoroughly tested and  
and found to meet the specifications furnished by Princeton Instruments when it  
was shipped from the factory.  
Warranty  
Princeton Instruments instruments and accessories are warranted for a period of  
one full year from date of delivery to be free from defects in material and to  
conform to the specifications furnished by Princeton Instruments. The company's  
obligation under this warranty is limited to servicing or adjusting an instrument  
returned to the factory, prepaid, and to repairing or replacing at the factory any part  
or parts thereof. All purchased items carry the original manufacturers warranty.  
Princeton Instruments shall not be liable for consequential damages resulting  
from accident, alteration, misuse, improper installation, operation on low or excessive  
voltages or any use in violation of the operating instructions furnished by  
Princeton Instruments.  
If any defect appears within the warranty period, the purchaser shall promptly notify  
Princeton Instruments. No material will be accepted for repair or replacement without  
prior authorization from Princeton Instruments. Upon such authorization and in  
accordance with instructions of Princeton Instruments, parts, materials or equipment  
for which repair or replacement is requested shall be returned to Princeton Instruments  
for examination, with shipping charges prepaid by the purchaser. Final determination  
as to whether a product or part is actually defective rests with Princeton Instruments.  
In such cases where necessary repairs are not covered by this warranty, an estimate  
of repair charges will be submitted to the purchaser before servicing the equipment.  
Princeton Instruments reserves the right to make changes or improvements  
upon its products without imposing any obligations upon itself to install the same  
upon its products previously manufactured.  
This warranty is expressly in lieu of all other obligations or liabilities on the part of  
Princeton Instruments, and Princeton Instruments neither assumes, nor authorizes  
any other person to assume for them, other obligations or liability in connection with  
the sale of equipment manufactured by Princeton Instruments  
30  
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Appendix V-F: Drawing No. 8450-500-50, titled “SP-500i”  
31  
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