Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch
Module IXM5414E: Installation and
User’s Guide
A Guide for Technically Qualified Assemblers of Intel® Identified Subassemblies/Products
C66107-004
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Contents
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Related publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Notices and statements used in this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Major components of the IXM5414E switch module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Specifications and features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
IXM5414E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ethernet interface requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Installation guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Installing the IXM5414E switch module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Removing the IXM5414E switch module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Information Panel LEDs and External Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Information panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
LEDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Switch module management and control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Switching concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Quality of Service (QoS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5 Web-Based Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Remotely managing the switch module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Getting started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Class of service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
QoS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Logout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
6 Updating the Ethernet Switch Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Determining the software version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Upgrading the switch software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Resetting and restarting the switch module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
7 Command Line Interface Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Command Line Interface (CLI) conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Remotely managing the IXM5414E switch module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
IXM5414E switch module system commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Switching configuration commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Class of Service commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Security configuration commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Quality of Service (QoS) commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
iii
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Appendix A RJ-45 Pin Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Appendix B Cable Lengths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Appendix D CLI Command Tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Appendix E CLI Configuration Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
IEEE 802.1w configuration example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
VLAN configuration example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Link aggregation configuration example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
IGMP snooping configuration example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Access Control List configuration example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Appendix H Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
iv
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Safety
Before installing this product, read the Safety Information.
Antes de instalar este produto, leia as Informações de Segurança.
Pred instalací tohoto produktu si prectete prírucku bezpecnostních instrukcí.
Læs sikkerhedsforskrifterne, før du installerer dette produkt.
Lees voordat u dit product installeert eerst de veiligheidsvoorschriften.
Ennen kuin asennat tämän tuotteen, lue turvaohjeet kohdasta Safety Information.
Avant d'installer ce produit, lisez les consignes de sécurité.
Vor der Installation dieses Produkts die Sicherheitshinweise lesen.
Prima di installare questo prodotto, leggere le Informazioni sulla Sicurezza.
Les sikkerhetsinformasjonen (Safety Information) før du installerer dette produktet.
Antes de instalar este produto, leia as Informações sobre Segurança.
v
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Antes de instalar este producto, lea la información de seguridad.
Läs säkerhetsinformationen innan du installerar den här produkten.
Statement 1:
DANGER
Electrical current from power, telephone, and communication cables is hazardous.
To avoid a shock hazard:
•
Do not connect or disconnect any cables or perform installation,
maintenance, or reconfiguration of this product during an electrical storm.
•
•
Connect all power cords to a properly wired and grounded electrical outlet.
Connect to properly wired outlets any equipment that will be attached to this
product.
•
•
When possible, use one hand only to connect or disconnect signal cables.
Never turn on any equipment when there is evidence of fire, water, or structural
damage.
•
•
Disconnect the attached power cords, telecommunications systems, networks, and
modems before you open the device covers, unless instructed otherwise in the
installation and configuration procedures.
Connect and disconnect cables as described in the following table when installing,
moving, or opening covers on this product or attached devices.
To Connect:
To Disconnect:
1. Turn everything OFF.
1. Turn everything OFF.
2. First, attach all cables to devices.
3. Attach signal cables to connectors.
4. Attach power cords to outlet.
5. Turn device ON.
2. First, remove power cords from outlet.
3. Remove signal cables from connectors.
4. Remove all cables from devices.
vi
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Statement 2:
xxCAUTION:
When laser products (such as CD-ROMs, DVD drives, fiber optic devices, or transmitters) are
installed, note the following:
•
Do not remove the covers. Removing the covers of the laser product could result in
exposure to hazardous laser radiation. There are no serviceable parts inside the device.
•
Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified
herein might result in hazardous radiation exposure.
DANGER
Some laser products contain an embedded Class 3A or Class 3B laser diode. Note the
following.
Laser radiation when open. Do not stare into the beam, do not view directly with optical
Class 1 Laser Product
Laser Klasse 1
Laser Klass 1
Luokan 1 Laserlaite
`
Appareil A Laser de Classe 1
vii
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Statement 3:
≥ 18 kg (39.7 lb)
≥ 32 kg (70.5 lb)
≥ 55 kg (121.2 lb)
xxCAUTION:
Use safe practices when lifting.
Statement 4:
xxCAUTION:
If you install a strain-relief bracket option over the end of the power cord that is connected to
the device, you must connect the other end of the power cord to an easily accessible power
source.
Statement 5:
xxCAUTION:
Never remove the cover on a power supply or any part that has the following label attached.
Hazardous voltage, current, and energy levels are present inside any component that has this
label attached. There are no serviceable parts inside these components. If you suspect a
problem with one of these parts, contact a service technician.
viii
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Statement 6:
DANGER
Overloading a branch circuit is potentially a fire hazard and a shock hazard under
certain conditions. To avoid these hazards, ensure that your system electrical
requirements do not exceed branch circuit protection requirements. Refer to the
Statement 7:
xxCAUTION:
Hazardous voltage, current, and energy levels might be present. Only a qualified service
technician is authorized to remove the covers where the following label is attached.
ix
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x
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1 Introducing the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet
Switch Module IXM5414E
Thank you for purchasing an Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E. This
Installation and User’s Guide contains information about:
•
•
Setting up and installing your switch module
Configuring your switch module
For installation details, see Chapter 2 “Installing and Removing the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet
Switch Module IXM5414E” on page 9. For additional information, see the instructions in your
appropriate server board chassis publications.
Your IXM5414E switch module is one of up to four switch modules that can be installed in the
SBCE configuration of the blade chassis.
This high-performance IXM5414E switch module is ideally suited for networking environments that
require superior microprocessor performance, efficient memory management, flexibility and reliable
data storage.
Performance, reliability and expansion capabilities were key considerations in the design of your
switch module. These design features make it possible for you to customize the system hardware to
meet your needs today, while providing flexible expansion capabilities for the future.
The product name, machine type and serial number are located on the identification label on the side
of the IXM5414E switch module. The Media Access Control (MAC) address also is located on the
illustration showing the location of the identification label.
/ NOTE
The MAC address is also located on a separate label on the information panel under the
external Ethernet port connectors.
1
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Record your product information in this table.
Product name
Type
Model number
Serial number
Media access
control (MAC)
address
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Verify that the shipping carton contains an Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E.
If the switch module is missing or damaged, contact your local reseller for replacement. Otherwise,
return the switch module to its static-protective package.
/ NOTE
The illustrations in this document may differ slightly from your hardware.
Related publications
This Installation and User’s Guide contains setup and installation instructions for your IXM5414E
switch module. This publication also provides general information about your switch module,
including getting started and how to configure the switch module.
In addition to this Installation and User’s Guide, the Intel® Server Boards and Server Chassis Safety
Information is included with your switch module. This multilingual publication is provided in PDF
on the Resource CD. It contains translated versions of the caution and danger statements that appear
in the documentation.
Depending on your switch model, additional publications might be included on the Resource CD.
2
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E
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Notices and statements used in this book
The caution and danger statements that appear in this book are also in the multilingual Safety
Information Book on the Resource CD. Each statement is numbered to refer to the corresponding
statement in the Safety Information Book.
The following notices and statements are used in this book:
•
•
Note: These notices provide important tips, guidance or advice.
Important: These notices provide information or advice that might help you avoid inconvenient
or problematic situations.
•
•
Attention: These notices indicate possible damage to programs, devices or data. An attention
notice is placed just before the instruction or situation in which damage could occur.
Caution: These statements indicate situations that can be potentially hazardous to you. A
caution statement is placed just before the description of a potentially hazardous procedure, step
or situation.
•
Danger: These statements indicate situations that can be potentially lethal or extremely
hazardous to you. A danger statement is placed just before the description of a potentially lethal
or extremely hazardous procedure, step or situation.
Major components of the IXM5414E switch module
The green on components and labels on your IXM5414E switch module and on the platform
identifies hot-swap or hot-plug components. You can install or remove these components while the
system is running, provided that your system is configured to support this function.
The blue color on components and labels indicates touch points where a component can be gripped,
a latch can be moved, and so on.
The following illustration shows the major components of your switch module.
/ NOTE
The illustrations in this document may differ slightly from your hardware.
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E
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For more information about the components of the information panel, see Chapter 3 “Information
Specifications and features
The following section provides a summary of the specifications and features for your IXM5414E
switch module.
•
Ports
— Four external 1000BASE-T ports for making 10/100/1000 Mbps connections to a backbone,
end stations, and servers
— Fourteen internal full-duplex gigabit ports, one connected to each of the blade servers
— Two internal full-duplex 100 Mbps ports connected to the management modules
Performance features
•
— Transmission method: Store-and-forward
— Packet filtering/forwarding rate
–
Full-wire speed for all connections
•
•
148k packets per second per port (for 100 Mbps)
1.48m packets per second (pps) per port (for 1000 Mbps)
— Media Access Control (MAC) address learning: Automatic update. Supports 3584 MAC
address.
— Forwarding table age time: Maximum age: 10 to 1,000,000 seconds. Default is 300 seconds
— Support for 128 concurrent VLANs
— Switch Topology: Star
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•
Standards
The following standards apply to the IXM5414E switch module.
— Switching Support
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet
IEEE 802.3 Auto-negotiation
IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet
IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
IEEE 802.1p Priority
GARP
GMRP
GVRP
IEEE 802.3ac - VLAN Tagging
IEEE 802.3ad - Link Aggregation
IEEE 802.1s - Spanning Tree
IEEE 802.1w - Rapid Spanning Tree
IEEE 802.1X - Port Based Authentication
IEEE 802.3X - Flow Control
RFC 768 - UDP
RFC 783 - TFTP
RFC 791 - IP
RFC 792 - ICMP
RFC 793 - TCP
RFC 826 - ARP
RFC 1321 - Message Digest Algorithm
RFC 2131 - DHCP Client
RFC 2865 - RADIUS Client
•
•
•
•
RFC 2866 - RADIUS Accounting
RFC 2868 - RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol Support
RFC 2869 - RADIUS Extensions
RFC 2869bis - RADIUS Support for Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
–
Advanced Layer 2 Functionality:
•
•
Broadcast Storm Recovery
Multicast Storm Recovery
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E
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•
•
•
•
Independent VLAN Learning (IVL) support
Port Mirroring
IGMP Snooping
Static MAC Filtering
–
System Facilities
•
•
•
Event and Error Logging Facility
Run-time and Configuration Download Capability
PING Utility
— Quality of Service (QOS) Support
–
Bandwidth Provisioning
•
•
•
Maximum Burst Rate (MBR)
Per Port (Interface)
Per VLAN
–
Access Control Lists
•
•
•
•
Source IP
Destination IP
Source L4 Port
Destination L4 Port
•
Management
— RMON - Groups 1, 2, 3 and 9 supported
— Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) versions 1, 2 and 3
— Flash memory for software upgrades, done using Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
— Supports Web-based management
–
–
–
–
–
HTML 4.0 Specification - December, 1997
Java Script 1.3
Java 1.3
RFC 2068 - HTTP/1.1 protocol as updated by draft-ierf-http-v11-spec-rev-03
HTML/2.0 Forms with file upload extensions
— Command Line Interface (CLI) with the following features
–
–
–
–
Scripting capability
Command completion
Context sensitive help
Multi-session Telnet Server
— RFC 854 - Telnet
— RFC 855 - Telnet Option
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— RFC 1155 - SMI v1
— RFC 1157 - SNMP
— RFC 1212 - Concise MIB Definitions
— RFC 1901 - Community-based SNMP v2
— RFC 1905 - Protocol Operations for SNMP v2
— RFC 1906 - Transport Mappings for SNMP v2
— RFC 1907 - Management Information Base for SNMP v2
— RFC 1908 - Coexistence between SNMP v1 and SNMP v2
— RFC 2295 - Remote Variant Selection; RSVA/1.0 State Management “cookies” - draft-ietf-
http-state-mgmt-05
— RFC 2571 - Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks
— RFC 2572 - Message Processing and Dispatching for SNMP
— RFC 2573 - SNMP v3 Applications
— RFC 2574 - User Based Security Model for SNMP v3
— RFC 2575 - View-based Access Control Model for SNMP
— RFC 2576 - Coexistence between SNMP v1, v2, and v3
— RFC 2580 - Conformation statements for SMI v2
— Configurable management VLAN
–
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) 3.0 and Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.0
•
•
•
RFC 2246 - The TLS Protocol, Version 1.0
RFC 2818 - HTTP over TLS
RFC 2346 - AES Ciphersuites for TLS
–
Secure Shell (SSH) 1.5 and 2.0
•
•
•
•
•
•
Draft-ietf-secsh-transport-16 - SSH Transport Layer Protocol
Draft-ietf-secsh-userauth-17 - SSH Authentication Protocol
Draft-ietf-secsh-connect-17 - SSH Connection Protocol
Draft-ietf-secsh-architecture-14 - SSh Protocol Architecture
Draft-ietf-secsh-publickeyfile-03 - SECSH Public Key File Format
Draft-ietf-secsh-dh-group-exchange-04 - Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange for the
SSH Transport Layer Protocol
— MIBs Supported
Switching MIBs
–
•
•
•
RFC 1213 - MIB-II
RFC 1493 - Bridge MIB
RFC 1643 - Ethernet-like MIB
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E
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•
•
•
•
•
•
RFC 2674 - VLAN MIB
RFC 2618 - RADIUS Authentication Client MIB
RFC 2620 - RADIUS Accounting MIB
RFC 2819 - RMON Groups 1, 2, 3 and 9
IEEE 802.1X MIB (IEEE 802.1-PAE-MIB)
Enterprise MIB
–
QOS / SNMP Support in Enterprise MIBs
•
•
Available through Management Module
Private MIBs for full configuration of ACL and Bandwidth Provisioning
functionality
•
Network Cable Support
— 10BASE-T
–
–
UTP Category 3, 4, 5 (100 meters maximum)
100-ohm STP (100 meters maximum)
— 100BASE-TX
–
–
UTP Category 5 (100 meters maximum)
EIA/TIA-568 100-ohm STP (100 meters maximum)
— 1000BASE-T
–
–
–
UTP Category 5e (100 meters maximum)
UTP Category 5 (100 meters maximum)
EIA/TIA-568B 100-ohm STP (100 meters maximum)
8
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2 Installing and Removing the Intel® Blade
Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E
The following illustration shows the I/O module bay locations in the SBCE platform.
Attention: To maintain proper system cooling, each I/O module bay must contain either a module
or a filler module; each blade bay must contain either a blade or a filler blade.
Ethernet interface requirements
The SBCE platform supports a minimum of one hot-swap Ethernet switch module in I/O module
bay 1. This switch module is a fully functional four-connector Ethernet switch that provides a
network connection to Ethernet Link 1 in all the blade servers in the SBCE. To provide a network
connection for Ethernet Link 2 in each blade server, install an Ethernet switch module in I/O module
bay 2.
If you install an interface option on any blade server, you must install a hot-swap switch module of
the same interface type in I/O module bay 3 to obtain connection 1 for the interface option. To
provide connection 2 for the interface option, install a switch module of that interface type in I/O
module bay 4. The switch modules in I/O module bays 3 and 4 provide connections to all the
interface options in the SBCE.
Important: The switch modules in I/O module bays 3 and 4 and all blade server interface options in
the SBCE must use the same interface type. For example: if you install an Ethernet interface option
on a blade server, the switch modules that you install in I/O module bays 3 and 4 must be Ethernet.
All other interface options in the SBCE must also be Ethernet interface options.
The following table summarizes the application for each switch module.
I/Omodule
bay
Switch-module function
1
Connection 1 (Ethernet Link 1) for all blade servers in the SBCE
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I/Omodule
bay
Switch-module function
2
3
4
Connection 2 (Ethernet Link 2) for all blade servers in the SBCE
Connection 3 (from all blade server interface options in the SBCE)
Connection 4 (from all blade server interface options in the SBCE)
For additional information, see the Intel® Blade Server Chassis SBCE : Installation and User’s
Guide on the Resource CD.
Installation guidelines
Before you begin installing the IXM5414E switch module in your SBCE, read the following
information:
•
•
Become familiar with the safety and handling guidelines specified under Appendix H “Notices”
option publications.
The green color on components and labels in your SBCE identifies hot-swap or hot-plug
components. You can install or remove hot-swap modules while the SBCE is running. For
complete details about installing or removing a hot-swap or hot-plug component, see the
detailed information in this chapter.
•
•
The blue color on components and labels identifies touch points where you can grip a
component, move a latch, and so on.
You do not need to turn off the SBCE to install or replace any of the hot-swap modules on the
rear of the SBCE.
System reliability considerations
Attention: To help ensure proper cooling and system reliability, make sure that:
•
•
•
Each of the I/O module bays on the rear of the SBCE has either a module or filler module
installed.
A removed hot-swap module is replaced with an identical module or filler module within 1
minute of removal.
Cables for the optional modules are routed according to the illustrations and instructions in this
document.
Handling static-sensitive devices
Attention: Static electricity can damage electronic devices and your system. To avoid damage,
keep static-sensitive devices in their static-protective packages until you are ready to install them.
To reduce the possibility of electrostatic discharge, observe the following precautions:
•
•
•
Limit your movement. Movement can cause static electricity to build up around you.
Handle the device carefully, holding it by its edges or its frame.
Do not touch solder joints, pins, or exposed printed circuitry.
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•
•
Do not leave the device where others can handle and possibly damage it.
While the device is still in its static-protective package, touch it to an unpainted metal part of the
SBCE platform for at least two seconds. (This drains static electricity from the package and
from your body.)
•
•
Remove the device from its package and install it directly into your SBCE without setting it
down. If it is necessary to set the device down, place it in its static-protective package. Do not
place the device on your SBCE platform or on a metal table.
Take additional care when handling devices during cold weather because heating reduces indoor
humidity and increases static electricity.
Installing the IXM5414E switch module
Statement 8:
xxCAUTION:
Never remove the cover on a power supply or any part that has the following label attached.
Hazardous voltage, current, and energy levels are present inside any component that has this
label attached. There are no serviceable parts inside these components. If you suspect a
problem with one of these parts, contact a service technician.
The following illustrations show how to install a switch module in the rear of the SBCE platform.
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SBCE
Complete the following steps to install the IXM5414E switch module.
2. Remove the acoustic attenuation module, if installed, from the rear of the SBCE platform. The
following illustrations show how to remove the module from the SBCE platform.
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3. Select an I/O module bay in which to install the switch module, in accordance with the
4. Remove the filler module from the selected I/O module bay. Store the filler module for future
use.
5. If you have not already done so, touch the static-protective package that contains the switch
module to an unpainted metal part of the SBCE platform for at least two seconds.
6. Remove the switch module from its static-protective package.
7. Ensure that the release latch on the switch module is in the open position (perpendicular to the
module).
8. Slide the switch module into the appropriate I/O module bay until it stops.
9. Push the release latch on the front of the switch module to the closed position.
10. Make sure that the LEDs on the switch module indicate that it is operating properly. Verify that:
•
•
•
The DC power LED and the ac power LED on each power module are lit.
The OK LED on each management module is lit.
The OK LED on each switch module is lit.
11. If you have other switch modules to install, do so now; otherwise, continue with the next step.
12. Attach any cables required by the switch module. For the location of the connectors on the
SBCE platform, see Intel® Server Chassis SBCE Installation and User’s Guide on the Resource
CD.
13. Replace the acoustic attenuation module if you removed it in Step 2. The following illustration
shows how to replace the acoustic attenuation module in the SBCE platform.
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Removing the IXM5414E switch module
Statement 8:
xxCAUTION:
Never remove the cover on a power supply or any part that has the following label attached.
Hazardous voltage, current, and energy levels are present inside any component that has this
label attached. There are no serviceable parts inside these components. If you suspect a
problem with one of these parts, contact a service technician.
Complete the following steps to remove the IXM5414E switch module.
1. Select an appropriate I/O module bay from which to remove a switch module, in accordance
2. Unplug any cables from the selected switch module.
3. For the SBCE platform, pull the release latch toward the side of the switch module as shown in
the illustration below. The module moves out of the I/O module bay about 0.64 cm (0.25 inch).
SBCE
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4. Slide the switch module out of the I/O module bay and set it aside.
5. Place either another switch module or a filler module in the I/O module bay within 1 minute.
6. If you placed another switch module in the I/O module bay, reconnect any cables that you
unplugged in Step 2.
7. Replace the acoustic attenuation module option if you removed it in step 1.
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3 Information Panel LEDs and External Ports
This chapter describes the information panel and LEDs (also known as indicators) on the Intel®
Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E. This chapter also identifies the external ports on
the information panel.
Information panel
The information panel of the IXM5414E switch module consists of LEDs and four external
1000BASE-T ports, as shown in the following illustration.
LEDs
OK
LINK
1
TX/RX
LINK
2
LEDs
TX/RX
Ports
LINK
3
TX/RX
LINK
4
HHampton -T
TX/RX
The Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E contains:
•
Comprehensive LEDs, which display the status of the switch module and the network (see
“LEDs”).
•
•
•
Fourteen internal ports, one connected to each of the processor blades.
Two internal full-duplex 10/100 Mbps ports connected to the management module.
Four external 1000BASE-T Ethernet ports for 10/100/1000 Mbps connections to external
Ethernet devices such as backbones, end stations and servers. These ports are identified as Ext1,
Ext2, Ext3 and Ext4 in the switch configuration menus and are labeled 1 through 4 (from top to
bottom) on the switch module, as shown in the preceding illustration.
LEDs
The LEDs on the information panel of the IXM5414E switch module include OK, !, Ethernet link,
and Ethernet activity. The following illustration shows the LEDs on the switch module. A
description of each LED follows the illustration.
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Notes:
1. The illustrations in this document may differ slightly from your hardware.
2. An amber LED illuminates when a system error or event has occurred. To identify the error or
event, check the LEDs on the information panel of the switch module.
OK (power-on): This green LED is located above the four external 10/100/1000 Mbps ports on the
information panel. When this LED is on, it indicates that the switch module has passed the Power-
On Self-Test (POST) and is operational.
! (Ethernet switch error): This amber LED is located next to the OK (power-on) LED on the
information panel. This LED indicates that the switch module has a fault. If the switch module fails
the POST, this fault LED will be lit.
Ethernet link: This green link status LED is located at the top of each external 10/100/1000 Mbps
port. When this LED is lit on a port, it indicates that there is a connection (or link) to a device on that
port.
Ethernet activity: This green activity LED is located at the bottom of each external 10/100/1000
Mbps port. When this LED blinks on a port, it indicates that data is being received or transmitted
(that is, activity is occurring) on that port. The blink frequency is proportional to the amount of
traffic on that port.
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4 Switch Management and Operating Concepts
This chapter discusses many of the concepts and features used to manage the Intel® Blade Server
Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E and the concepts necessary to understand how it functions. In
addition, this chapter explains many important points regarding these features.
Configuring the switch module to implement these concepts and use its many features is discussed
in detail in the following chapters.
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E
overview
This section provides information that you should be familiar with when managing and configuring
the internal switch modules. If you are familiar with Ethernet switches, you will recognize the
industry-standard parameters and terminology used in this document. However, it is important that
you also understand the operating environment of the SB-HE platform with regard to the internal
switches.
IXM5414E switch modules are hot-swappable subsystems that provide Ethernet switching
capabilities within the chassis of the SB-HE platform. The primary purpose of the switch module is
to provide Ethernet interconnectivity among the processor blades, management modules and the
external network infrastructure.
The SB-HE platform may be configured with up to four independent switch modules, supporting up
to fourteen server blades. Ports 1 through 14 on the switch module correspond to server blades 1
through 14, respectively (numbered left to right when viewed from the front of the chassis). Each
switch module has four external 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports for connection to the external
network infrastructure. These ports are identified as Ext.1, Ext.2, Ext.3 and Ext.4 in the switch
module configuration menus and are labeled 1 through 4 on the switch module (see Chapter
3 “Information Panel LEDs and External Ports” on page 17 for an illustration).
Depending on the application, the external Ethernet interfaces can be configured to meet a variety of
requirements for bandwidth or function.The IXM5414E switch module has been pre-configured
with default parameter settings that can be used with some typical installations. Most installations
will need some configuration of parameters. Information on initial software configuration can be
Chassis configuration and operation
Each IXM5414E switch module is an integral subsystem within an overall SB-HE platform. For
additional platform level information, see the applicable Installation and User’s Guide publications
on the Resource CD. Each chassis includes one or two management modules (MM) as the central
element for overall chassis management and control. The switch module includes 100-Mbps internal
Ethernet ports that can only be accessed by the management modules. To prevent inadvertent
changes, this management port is “hidden” and does not appear in the port configuration and status
screens. The factory default settings will only permit management and control access to the switch
module through the 10/100 Mbps Ethernet port on the management module. You can use the four
external 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports on the switch module for management and control of the
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module by selecting this mode as an option through the management module configuration utility
program (see the applicable Installation and User’s Guide publications on the Resource CD for more
information).
Switch module management and control
This document describes the user interfaces, screens, parameters and other information that you need
for remote management and control of your IXM5414E switch module. Complete the following initial
configuration steps:
1. Connect the Ethernet port of the management module to a 10/100 Mbps network (with access to a
management station) or directly to a management station.
2. Initially configure the management module with the appropriate IP addresses for network access
(see the applicable SB-HE Installation and User’s Guide publications on the Resource CD for more
information).
3. From the management-module Web interface, click I/O Module Tasks, click Management; then,
click the bay in which the switch module is installed.
4. Click Advanced Management under the selected bay and make sure that the following Ethernet
switch module features are enabled:
• External ports
• External management over all ports
• Preserve new IP configuration on all resets
5. Click Save.
Note: When management of the Ethernet switch module is enabled through the four external ports,
the switch module will acquire its IP address from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
server when the switch module is turned on or reset.
Once a transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) communication path has been
established with the switch module through the Management Module’s Ethernet port, you can perform
a series of management and control tasks. These tasks are in the following categories:
•
•
•
•
Configuration
Modification of the switch module’s parameter settings
Remote management setup
Network monitoring
— Automatically receive error alerts (traps)
— View/reset port traffic statistics
— Monitor data traffic on selected output ports
Maintenance
•
— Update the switch module’s software
— View and configure the message and event logs
— Restore factory default settings
The switch module supports three primary management and control user interfaces. A built-in Web
browser interface is the primary interface (see Chapter 5 “Web-Based Network Management” on page
41 for detailed information). The Web browser interface can be invoked from the management and
configuration utility program, along with the Telnet interface that provides a Command Line Interface
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Both interfaces provide access to the same switch information and control parameters.
In addition, you can access an extensive set of both standard and private MIB objects through SNMP
protocols.
IP addresses and SNMP community names
Each switch module must be assigned its own Internet protocol (IP) address, which is used for
communication with a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) network manager or other
transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) application. The switch module default IP
address is 10.90.90.9x, where x depends on the number of the I/O module bay into which you have
installed the switch module, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Default IP addresses based on I/O module bay numbers
I/O module bay number
Switch Module Bay 1
Switch Module Bay 2
Switch Module Bay 3
Switch Module Bay 4
Default IP address
10.90.90.91
10.90.90.92
10.90.90.94
10.90.90.97
The following illustration shows the I/O module bay locations.
You can change the default switch module IP address to meet the requirements of your networking
address scheme.
The switch module also has a unique, factory-assigned media access control (MAC) address. The
switch module MAC address is located on one side of the switch module, on the same label as the serial
number, as shown in the following illustration.
/ NOTE
The MAC address is also located on a separate label on the information panel under the external
Ethernet port connectors.
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The switch MAC address can also be displayed using CLI command show inventory or from the
Web Interface.
In addition, you can also set an IP address for a gateway router. This becomes necessary when the
network management station and switch modules are located on different IP networks, requiring
management packets to go through a router to reach the network manager.
For security, you can specify the IP addresses of the network managers that are permitted to manage
the switch module using the config snmpcommunity ipaddr CLI command or the Web Interface
equivalent. You can also change the default SNMP community strings in the switch module and set
the access rights of these community strings.
Traps
Traps are messages that alert you of certain events that occur on the switch module. The events can
be as serious as a restart (for example, someone accidentally turned off the switch module) or less
serious, such as a port-status change. The switch module generates traps and sends them to the
network manager (trap recipient).
Trap recipients are special users of the network who are given certain rights and access to oversee
the maintenance of the network. Trap recipients will receive traps sent from the switch module; they
may then need to take certain actions to avoid future failure or breakdown of the network.
You can also specify which network managers can receive traps from the switch module by entering
a list of the IP addresses of authorized network managers. You can enter up to four trap recipient IP
addresses and four corresponding SNMP community strings.
SNMP community strings function like passwords in that the community string entered for a given
IP address must be used in the management station software, otherwise a trap will be sent.
The following are trap types that the switch module can send to a trap recipient:
Cold start
This trap indicates that the switch module has been turned on and initialized such
that software settings are reconfigured and hardware systems are restarted. A cold
start is different from a factory reset in that configuration settings saved to
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nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM) are used to reconfigure the switch
module.
Warm start
This trap indicates that the switch module has been restarted; however, the power-
on self-test (POST) is skipped.
Authentication failure
This trap indicates that someone has tried to log on to the switch module using an
invalid SNMP community string. The switch module automatically stores the
source IP address of the unauthorized user.
Topology change (Spanning Tree Protocol (STP))
This trap indicates that one or more of the configured ports has changed from the
learning state to the forwarding state, or from the forwarding state to the blocking
state.
Link up
This trap indicates that the link state of a port has changed from link down to link
up.
Link down
This trap indicates that the link state of a port has changed from link up to link
down.
Management Information Bases (MIB)
Management and counter information are stored in the switch module in the management
information base (MIB). The switch module uses the standard MIB-II management information base
module. Consequently, values for MIB objects can be retrieved using any SNMP-based network
management software. In addition to the standard MIB-II module, the switch module also supports
its own proprietary enterprise MIB as an extended management information base. This MIB can also
be retrieved by specifying the object identifier (OID) of the MIB as the network manager. MIB
values can be either Read-only or Read/Write.
Read-only MIB variables can be either constants that are programmed into the switch module or
variables that change while the switch module is in operation. Examples of Read-only constants are
the number of ports and type of ports. Examples of Read-only variables are the statistics counters,
such as the number of errors that have occurred, or how much data (in kilobytes) has been received
and forwarded through a port.
Read/Write MIBs variables are usually related to user-customized configurations. Examples of these
are the switch module IP address, Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) parameters and port status.
If you use a third-party vendor’s SNMP software to manage the switch module, a diskette listing the
switch module proprietary enterprise MIBs can be obtained by request. If your software provides
functions to browse or modify MIBs, you can also get the MIB values and change them (if the
attributes of the MIBs permit the write operation). However, this process can become complicated,
because you must know the MIB OIDs and retrieve them one by one.
Port mirroring
The IXM5414E switch module enables you to copy packets that were transmitted and received on a
source port and to redirect the copies to another target port. The source port can be either one of the
four 10/100/1000 Mbps external ports, or one of the fourteen internal blade server ports. The target
port is where you will connect a monitoring/troubleshooting device, such as a sniffer or an RMON
probe. The target port must be one of the four 10/100/1000 Mbps external ports.
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You can attach a monitoring device to the mirrored port, such as a sniffer or an RMON probe, to
view details about the packets that pass through the first port. This is useful for network monitoring
and troubleshooting purposes.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an open system interconnection (OSI) layer
7 (application layer) protocol for remotely monitoring and configuring network devices. SNMP
enables network management stations to read and modify the settings of gateways, routers, switches
and other network devices. SNMP can be used to perform many of the same functions as a directly
connected console, or can be used within an integrated network management software package such
as IBM® NetView or Hewlett Packard OpenView. SNMP performs the following functions:
•
•
•
Sending and receiving SNMP packets using the IP protocol
Collecting information about the status and current configuration of network devices
Modifying the configuration of network devices
The switch module has a software program, called an agent, that processes SNMP requests, but the
user program that makes the requests and collects the responses runs on a management station (a
designated computer on the network). The SNMP agent and the user program both employ the user
datagram protocol/Internet protocol (UDP/IP) to exchange packets.
Authentication
The authentication protocol ensures that both the SNMP agent in the switch module and the remote
user SNMP application program discard packets from unauthorized users. Authentication is
accomplished by using community strings which function like passwords. The remote user SNMP
application and the switch module’s SNMP agent must use the same community string. SNMP
community strings of up to 20 characters can be entered using the CLI snmp community commands
Switching concepts
This section introduces the concepts and protocols relevant to the switching functionality of the
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E.
Packet forwarding
The switch module uses a forwarding table to store the information that it collects about the location
of devices on the network. The table holds destination MAC addresses and the destination port
number through which they can be reached. Packets sent to known addresses are therefore
transmitted only through relevant destination ports, thus reducing network traffic. For example, if
port 1 receives a packet destined for a station on port 2, the switch module transmits that packet
through port 2 only and transmits nothing through the other ports. Creating the table is referred to as
learning the network topology.
An aging timer is used to make sure that the table is updated if devices are moved. Dynamic entries,
those learned by the switch by observing network traffic, are deleted from the table if they are not
accessed within the aging time. Static entries, those entered by a network administrator, are not
subject to the aging process.
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The aging time can be from 10 to 1,000,000 seconds, with a default value of 300 seconds. Setting the
value too high could mean that some entries in the table become out of date, causing the switch
module to make incorrect packet-forwarding decisions. If the aging time is too short, however,
entries may be aged out too soon and have to be relearned. While the entries are being relearned,
received packets whose source addresses cannot be found in the forwarding table will be transmitted
through all ports on the switch, thus unnecessarily increasing network traffic.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
enables the blocking of links between switches that form loops within the network. When multiple
links between switches are detected, a primary link is established. Duplicated links are blocked from
use and become standby links. The protocol enables the duplicate links to be used in the event of a
failure of the primary link. When the STP is configured and enabled, primary links are established,
and duplicated links are blocked automatically. The reactivation of the blocked links (at the time of a
primary link failure) is also accomplished automatically, without operator intervention.
This automatic network reconfiguration provides maximum uptime to network users. However, the
concepts of the Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol are complicated and complex subjects and
must be fully researched and understood. It is possible to cause serious degradation of the
performance of the network if the spanning tree is incorrectly configured. Read the following
information before making any changes from the default values.
The switch module STP performs the following functions:
•
•
Creates a single spanning tree from any combination of switching or bridging elements
Automatically reconfigures the spanning tree to compensate for the failure, addition or removal
of any element in the tree
•
Reconfigures the spanning tree without operator intervention
Improper configuration of the switch module’s external ports or improper cabling of the external
ports to another switch device can create duplicate links that might cause network loops. Consult
your network administrator for details about the configuration requirements for your system.
The single spanning tree created by the Spanning Tree Algorithm is referred to as the Common
Spanning Tree (CST) in some of the commands described in this document.
The original Spanning Tree Algorithm defined in IEEE 802.1D has been updated to allow for faster
reconfiguration in the event of a change to network topology or configuration parameters. This new
protocol is defined in IEEE 802.1w as Rapid Reconfiguration and is based on the ability of the
bridging device to recognize ports which are full-duplex and ports which are connected directly to
end stations. The IEEE 802.1 standards committee recommends the use of IEEE 802.1w in
preference to IEEE 802.1D, except when running certain protocols (e.g. LLC2 and NETBEUI) that
are sensitive to the slightly increased probability of frame misordering. The IXM5414E switch
module defaults to IEEE 802.1D operation, but can be configured to use the algorithm and protocols
defined in IEEE 802.1w instead.
IEEE 802.1D has been further revised in IEEE 802.1s, which incorporates IEEE 802.1w and defines
a multiple Spanning Tree Protocol along with an IEEE 802.1D compatibility mode. The IXM5414E
switch module defaults to IEEE 802.1D compatibility mode operation, but can be configured to use
the algorithm and protocols defined in IEEE 802.1w instead. Where this document refers to IEEE
802.1D, you should be aware that the reference is to IEEE 802.1D compatibility mode.
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For additional information about both forms of the Spanning Tree Protocol, see Appendix H on page
277.
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN)
A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a network topology configured according to a logical
scheme rather than the physical layout. VLANs can be used to combine any collection of blade
servers into an autonomous user group that appears as a group within one or more chassis. VLANs
also logically segment the blade servers into different broadcast domains so that packets are
forwarded only between blade servers and the four external ports within the VLAN.
VLANs can enhance performance by conserving bandwidth and improve security by limiting traffic
to specific domains.
Notes about VLANs on the IXM5414E switch module
No matter what basis is used to uniquely identify blade servers and assign these nodes VLAN
membership, packets cannot cross VLANs without a network device performing a routing function
between the VLANs.
The switch module supports only IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. The port untagging function can be used to
remove the 802.1Q tag from packet headers to maintain compatibility with devices that are tag-
unaware.
The switch module default is to assign all blade servers and the four external ports to a single
802.1Q VLAN named DEFAULT with a VLAN ID (VID) of 1.
The switch module can be configured to enable a wide variety of VLAN configurations among the
various external ports.
IEEE 802.1Q VLANs
The following terms are relevant to VLANs and important with respect to understanding how
VLANs function:
Tagging
The act of adding 802.1Q VLAN information to the header of a packet.
The act of stripping 802.1Q VLAN information out of the packet header.
Untagging
Ingress port A port on a switch where packets are flowing into the switch and where VLAN
decisions must be made.
Egress port
A port on a switch where packets are flowing out of the switch, either to another
switch or to an end station, and where tagging decisions must be made.
The IXM5414E switch module implements IEEE 802.1Q VLANs, which require tagging. This
enables them to span the entire network (provided that all switches on the network are IEEE 802.1Q-
compliant).
VLANs enable a network to be segmented to reduce the size of broadcast domains. All packets
entering a VLAN will be forwarded (over IEEE 802.1Q enabled switches) only to the stations that
are members of that VLAN. This includes broadcast packets, multicast packets and unicast packets
from unknown sources.
VLANs can also provide a level of security to your network. IEEE 802.1Q VLANs will deliver
packets only between stations that are members of the VLAN.
Any port can be configured as either tagging or untagging. The untagging feature of IEEE 802.1Q
VLANs enables VLANs to work with legacy switches that do not recognize VLAN tags in packet
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headers (tag-unaware devices). The tagging feature enables VLANs to span multiple 802.1Q-
compliant switches through a single physical connection and enables the Spanning Tree Protocol to
be enabled on all ports and work normally.
The IEEE 802.1Q standard restricts the forwarding of untagged packets to the VLAN of which the
receiving port is a member.
The main characteristics of IEEE 802.1Q are as follows:
•
•
•
Assigns packets to VLANs by filtering
Assumes the presence of a single global spanning tree
Uses an explicit tagging scheme with one-level tagging
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN packet forwarding
The switch module makes packet-forwarding decisions based on the following types of rules:
Forwarding rules between ports
The switch module decides whether to filter or forward the packet.
Egress rules The switch module determines whether the packet must be sent tagged or untagged.
The following illustration shows the 802.1Q VLAN packet-forwarding decision-making process of
the switch module. For more information about packet forwarding, see “Packet forwarding” on page
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IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tags
The following illustration shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. Four additional octets are inserted between
the source MAC address and the packet’s EtherType field. Their presence is indicated by a value of
0x8100 in the two bytes following the MAC address, in the VLAN tag’s EtherType field, indicating
that the packet carries an IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in the following 2 octets and
consists of 3 bits of user priority, 1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI) and 12 bits of VLAN ID
(VID). The 3 bits of user priority are used according to the protocols defined in IEEE 802.1p (now
part of IEEE 802.1D). The VID is the VLAN identifier and its use is defined by the 802.1Q standard.
Because the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLANs can be identified.
The tag is inserted into the packet header, increasing the length of the entire packet by 4 octets. All
of the information that was originally contained in the packet is retained.
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
Octets
4
0
2
3
1
Destination Addresss (6 occtets)
Source Adddressss (6 octtets)
EtherType = 00x8100
MAC Lengtth/Type
Tag Conttrol Innformaation
Begining oof Data
Cyclic Reduundancyy CCheck (4 ooctets)
VLAN ID (VID)) (12 bbits)
12 bits
User Priiority
3 bits
CFI
1 bit
The EtherType and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address, but before the original
EtherType/Length or Logical Link Control. Because the packet is now longer than it was
originally, the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) must be recalculated.
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Adding an IEEE 802.1Q Tag
Orginal Ethhernet
Packet
Old
CRC
Length/EType
Data
Dest.
Src.
New Tagged
Packet
New
CRC
Src.
Tag
Dest.
Length/EType
Data
EType
Priority
VLAN ID
Port VLAN ID
Packets that are tagged (are carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted from one
802.1Q compliant network device to another with the VLAN information intact. This enables
802.1Q VLANs to span network devices (and indeed, the entire network, if all network devices are
802.1Q compliant).
Not all network devices are 802.1Q compliant. These devices are referred to as tag-unaware. 802.1Q
devices are referred to as tag-aware.
Before the adoption of 802.1Q VLANs, port-based and MAC-based VLANs were in common use.
These VLANs relied upon a port VLAN ID (PVID) to forward packets. A packet received on a
given port would be assigned that port PVID and then be forwarded to the port that corresponded to
the packet destination address (found in the switch forwarding table). If the PVID of the port that
receives the packet is different from the PVID of the port that is to transmit the packet, the switch
module will drop the packet.
A switch port can have only one PVID but can have as many VIDs as the switch module has
memory in its VLAN table to store them.
Tagging and untagging
Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can be configured to admit or discard packets that are
received without a tag. Untagged packets that are admitted will be tagged with the port’s PVID.
Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can also be configured to transmit packets with or
without tags. Ports with tagging enabled will leave the 802.1Q tag received with the packet or
inserted by the ingress port unchanged. Ports with untagging enabled will strip the 802.1Q tag from
all packets that it transmits. Untagging is used to send packets from an 802.1Q-compliant network
device to a noncompliant one.
Egress rules
If the packet is not tagged with VLAN information, the ingress port will tag the packet with its own
PVID as a VID (if the port is configured to accept untagged packets) and pass it to the forwarding
function.
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The forwarding function determines the destination port. If the destination, or egress, port is a
member of the same VLAN as the packet the destination port transmits the packet on its attached
network segment. If the egress port is not a member of the VLAN, the packet is dropped.
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN configuration
The switch module initially configures one VLAN (VID = 1) named DEFAULT. The factory default
setting assigns all ports on the switch module to VLAN I. As new VLANs are configured, their
respective member ports are removed from VLAN 1. In addition, the VLAN ID value of 4095 is
reserved for internal use. Following is additional configuration information:
•
Packets cannot cross VLANs. If a member of one VLAN is to connect to a member of another
VLAN, the link must be through an external router.
•
If no VLANs are configured on the switch module, all packets will be forwarded to any
destination port. Packets with unknown source addresses will be flooded to all ports. Broadcast
and multicast packets will also be flooded to all ports.
Static MAC filtering
Static MAC Filtering allows you to add a small number (in the order of hundreds) of unicast or
multicast MAC addresses directly to the forwarding database. Associated with each Static MAC
address is a set of destination ports and VLAN information.
Any packet with a particular Static MAC Address in a particular VLAN is admitted only if the
ingress port is in the set of source ports, otherwise the packet is dropped. On the egress side the
packet, if admitted, is sent out of all the ports that are in the set of destination ports.
Upon ingress, each packet's destination MAC address is compared against the forwarding database.
If the address is not in the table, the packet is flooded within the VLAN. If the address is in the table,
then it is checked to see if it has been defined as a filter. If the MAC address is not defined as a filter,
forwarding is performed as a normal parced address.
If the specific destination MAC address is defined as a filter, the packet is forwarded to the set of
destination ports defined in the filter.
Static entries are never aged and can only be removed by user command.
/ NOTE
Even though the above discussion pertains to the forwarding database, MAC filters are not
configured and displayed as part of the forwarding database; they are configured and
displayed separately.
Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP)
This protocol is used to exchange information between GARP participants to register and de-register
attribute values within a bridged LAN. When a GARP participant declares or withdraws a given
attribute, the attribute value is recorded with the applicant state machine for that attribute for the port
from which the declaration or withdrawal was made. Registration occurs only on ports that receive
the GARP PDU containing a declaration or withdrawal. De-registration occurs only if all GARP
participants connected to the same LAN segment as the port withdraw the declaration.
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GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is used to propagate VLAN membership information
throughout the network. GVRP is based on the Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP),
which defines a method of propagating a defined attribute (i.e. VLAN membership) throughout the
network. GVRP allows both end stations and the switch module to issue and revoke declarations
relating to membership in VLANs. The Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E
complies with the specifications in IEEE 802.1D and IEEE 802.1Q.
End stations that participate in GVRP register VLAN membership via GARP Protocol Data Unit
(GPDU) messages. Networking devices that implement the GVRP protocol and enable GVRP then
process the GPDUs. The VLAN registration is made in the context of the port that receives the
GPDU. The switch module propagates this VLAN membership on all of its other ports in the active
topology. Thus, the end station's VLAN ID is propagated throughout the network.
GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP)
Networking devices use the GARP Multicast Registration Protocol to dynamically register (and de-
register) Group membership information with other networking devices attached to the same
segment and across all the bridged LAN devices that support Extended Filtering Services.
The operation of GMRP relies upon the services provided by the GARP. The information registered,
de-registered and disseminated via GMRP is in the following forms:
Group Membership Information
This indicates that there exists one or more GMRP participants which are members of a
particular Group, and carries the group MAC address(es) associated with this Group.
Registration of group membership information allows networking devices to be made aware
that frames destined for these group MAC address(es) should be forwarded in the direction
of registered members of the group. Forwarding of frames destined for the group MAC
address(es) occurs on ports on which such membership registration has been received.
Group Service Requirements Information
This indicates that one or more GMRP participants require Forward all Groups or Forward
Unregistered to be the default filtering behavior. Registration of group services requirement
information allows networking devices to be made aware that any of their ports that can
forward frames in the direction from which the group service requirement information has
been received should modify their default group behavior in accordance with the group
service requirement.
When the switch module receives GMRP PDUs it will update the multicast table with a new entry or
modify an existing entry with the new information. The switch module will forward multicast
packets through only those ports for which GMRP has created a group registration entry (for that
multicast address).
GMRP registrations are specific to a VLAN, which allows the Group filtering behavior for one
VLAN to be independent of the Group filtering behavior for other VLANs. The same ingress rules
are applied to GMRP PDUs as to other packets. Therefore:
•
GMRP frames with no VLAN classification (i.e., untagged or priority-tagged GMRP frames)
are discarded if the Acceptable Frame Types parameter for the Port is set to Admit Only VLAN-
tagged frames. Otherwise, they are classified according to the PVID (Port VLAN ID) for the
Port.
•
VLAN-tagged GMRP frames are classified according to the VID carried in the tag header.
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The VLAN classification thus associated with received GMRP PDUs establishes the VLAN context
for the received PDU, and identifies the GARP participant instance to which the PDU is directed.
GMRP PDUs transmitted by GMRP participants are VLAN-classified according to the VLAN
context associated with that participant. GMRP Participants in VLAN networking devices apply the
same egress rules that are defined for the transmission port. Therefore:
•
GMRP PDUs are transmitted through a given port only if the port is a member of the VLAN
concerned.
•
GMRP PDUs are transmitted as VLAN-tagged frames or untagged frames, in accordance with
the state of the Untagged Set for that port for the VLAN concerned. Where VLAN-tagged
frames are transmitted, the VID field of the tag header carries the VLAN Context Identifier
value.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping is a feature that allows a switch to forward
multicast traffic intelligently on the switch. Multicast IP traffic is traffic destined to a host group.
Host groups are identified by class D IP addresses, which range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
Based on the IGMP query and report messages, the switch forwards traffic only to the ports that
request the multicast traffic. This prevents the switch from broadcasting the traffic to all ports and
possibly affecting network performance.
Note that the IP address range 224.0.0.1 through 224.0.0.255 is reserved for routing protocols and
other low-level topology discovery or maintenance protocols. For example, the address 224.0.0.1 is
the “all hosts” address, and 224.0.0.2 indicates all routers on this subnet. Also, only the least
significant 23 bits of the IP address are mapped to MAC addresses, so, for example, 225.0.0.123 and
239.128.0.123 and similar IP multicast addresses all map to MAC address 01-00-5E-00-00-7B (for
Ethernet). Therefore, a switch using IGMP Snooping may collapse IP multicast group memberships
into a single Ethernet multicast group.
A traditional Ethernet network may be physically separated into different network segments to
prevent overload of the shared media. Bridges and switches connect these segments. When a packet
with a broadcast or multicast destination address is received, the switch will forward a copy into
each of the remaining network segments in accordance with IEEE 802.1D. Eventually, the packet is
made accessible to all nodes connected to the network.
This approach works well for broadcast packets that are intended to be seen or processed by all
connected nodes. In the case of multicast packets, however, this approach can lead to less efficient
use of network bandwidth, particularly when the packet is intended for only a small number of
nodes. Packets will be flooded onto network segments where no node has any interest in receiving
the packet. The problem of wasting bandwidth is even worse when the LAN segment is not shared,
for example in full duplex links.
Allowing switches to snoop IGMP packets is one way to solve this problem. The switch uses the
information in the IGMP packets as they are being forwarded throughout the network to determine
which segments should receive packets directed to particular group addresses.
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Group addresses are stored in the Multicast Forwarding Database (MFDB). An IGMP address will be
removed from the database if a report for it is not received within the query interval. An interface may be
removed from an IGMP group in response to an IGMP Leave Group message.Link aggregation
(LAG)
The Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E supports Link Aggregation (LAG), or
port trunking. Port trunks (aggregated ports) can be used to increase the bandwidth of a network
connection or to ensure fault recovery.You can configure up to two trunk connections (combining
two to four ports into one fat pipe) between any two SB-HEs or other Layer 2 switches. However,
before making any physical connections between devices, use the Link Aggregation commands to
specify the ports that will belong to the trunking group on both switches.
When using a port trunk, note that:
•
The ports used in a trunk must all be of the same speed (100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps) and operate in
full-duplex mode only.
•
The ports that can be assigned to the same trunk have certain other restrictions, as described in
this section.
•
•
•
Each port can only be assigned to one trunk group, whether a static or dynamic group.
The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports.
All of the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from/to, added, or deleted
from a VLAN.
•
•
•
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) will treat all the ports in a trunk as a whole.
Enable the trunk before connecting any cable between the switches to avoid creating a data loop.
Disconnect all trunk port cables or disable the trunk ports before removing a port trunk to avoid
creating a data loop.
Trunking can be set as a static or a dynamic port/group using the IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation
commands. When trunking is enabled, a blue border will be placed around the ports on the Web
device panel display.
Static LAGs
When you create a LAG, the member links will attempt to exchange LACPDUs with their partners.
If a link does not receive a LACPDU within 3 seconds, it will come up with default values. If a
LACPU is later received with different values, the link will drop out of the LAG. When all member
links have dropped out, the LAG will reconfigure itself with the new values from the received
LACPDUs.
It is important that when you configure LAGs, you should configure the LAGs and enable STP on
both partner devices before connecting the cables.
Distribution method
Link aggregation, or port trunking, enables several ports to be grouped together and to act as a single
link. This gives a bandwidth that is a multiple of a single-link bandwidth.
Port trunking is most commonly used to link a bandwidth intensive network device or devices, such
as a server, to the backbone of a network.
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The switch module offers link aggregation on four external ports for up to two static trunk groups or
two LACP 802.3ad link aggregation groups. The trunked ports can be non-continuous (that is, have
non-sequential port numbers). All of the ports in the group must be members of the same VLAN. In
addition, the trunked ports must connect at the same speed in full-duplex mode.
Load balancing is automatically applied to the ports in the trunked group, and a link failure within
the group causes the network traffic to be directed to the remaining links in the group.
The STP will treat a port trunking group as a single link on the switch level. On the port level, the
STP will use the port parameters of the Master Port in the calculation of port cost and in determining
the state of the port trunking group. If two redundant port trunking groups are configured on the
switch module, STP will block one entire group in the same way STP will block a single port that
has a redundant link.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) can reduce the administrative burden of
assigning and maintaining IP address information. DHCP provides reliable and simple TCP/IP
network configuration, ensures that address conflicts do not occur, and helps to conserve the use of
IP addresses through centralized management of address allocation.
Dynamic address allocation enables a client to be assigned an IP address from a pool of free
addresses. Each address is assigned with a lease and a lease expiration period. The client must renew
the lease to continue using the assigned address. Dynamically assigned addresses can be returned to
the free address pool if the computer is not being used, if it is moved to another subnet, or if its lease
expires. Usually, network policy ensures that the same IP address is assigned to a client each time
and that addresses returned to the free address pool are reassigned.
When the address lease expires, the DHCP client enters the renewing state. The client sends a
request message to the DHCP server that provided the address. The DHCP server sends an
acknowledgement that contains the new lease and configuration parameters. The client then updates
its configuration values and returns to the bound state.
When the DHCP client is in the renewing state, it must release its address immediately in the rare
event that the DHCP server sends a negative acknowledgment. The DHCP server sends this message
to inform a client that it has incorrect configuration information, forcing it to release its current
address and acquire new information.
If the DHCP client cannot successfully renew its lease, the client enters a rebinding state. The client
then sends a request message to all DHCP servers in its range, attempting to renew its lease. Any
DHCP server that can extend the lease sends an acknowledgment containing the extended lease and
updated configuration information. If the lease expires or if a DHCP server responds with a negative
acknowledgment, the client must release its current configuration and then return to the initializing
state.
If your DHCP client uses more than one network adapter to connect to multiple networks, this
protocol is followed for each adapter that you want to configure for TCP/IP. Multi-homed systems
are selectively configured for any combination of system interfaces.
When a DHCP-enabled computer is restarted, it sends a message to the DHCP server with its current
configuration information. The DHCP server either confirms this configuration or sends a negative
reply so that the client must begin the initializing state again. System startup might therefore result
in a new IP address for a client computer, but neither the user nor the network administrator has to
take any action in the configuration process.
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Before loading TCP/IP with an address acquired from the DHCP server, DHCP clients check for an
IP address conflict by sending an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request containing the
address. If a conflict is found, TCP/IP does not start, and the user receives an error message. The
conflicting address should be removed from the list of active leases, or it should be excluded until
the conflict is identified and resolved.
Security
IEEE 802.1X
Local Area Networks (LANs) are often deployed in environments that permit the attachment of
unauthorized devices. The networks also permit unauthorized users to attempt to access the LAN
through existing equipment. In such environments, you may want to restrict access to the services
offered by the LAN. This section introduces the concepts associated with the two forms of security
available on the IXM5414E switch module: Local Authentication and Remote Authentication Dial-
In User Service (RADIUS). These mechanisms are used to authenticate user access to the switch
module and conform to the specifications in IEEE 802.1X.
Port-based network access control makes use of the physical characteristics of LAN infrastructures
to provide a means of authenticating and authorizing devices attached to a LAN port. Port-based
network access control prevents access to the port in cases in which the authentication and
authorization process fails.
Access control is achieved by enforcing authentication of entities seeking access to a port on the
switch module. These entities are referred to as supplicants. The result of the authentication process
determines whether the supplicant is authorized to access services on that controlled port.
A Port Access Entity (PAE) can adopt two different roles in an access control interaction:
Authenticator
A port that enforces authentication before allowing access.
Supplicant
A port that attempts to access services offered by an authenticator.
Additionally, there is a third role:
Authentication server
Performs the authentication function necessary to check the credentials of the
Supplicant on behalf of the Authenticator.
All three roles are required to complete the authentication process.
The IXM5414E switch module operates in the authenticator role only. The authenticator PAE is
responsible for submitting information received from the supplicant to the authentication server in
order for the credentials to be checked, which will determine the authorization state of the port. The
authenticator PAE controls the authorized/unauthorized state of the controlled port depending on the
outcome of the authentication process. Authentication messages use the Extensible Authentication
Protocol (EAP).
A port may take one of two states:
Controlled
Traffic will only be exchanged if the port is in the Authorized state.
Uncontrolled
Allows the uncontrolled exchange of EAP over IEEE 802 LANs (EAPoL) PDUs
between the Authenticator and Supplicant.
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A controlled port is configured by management to be in one of three states:
ForceUnauthorized
The port is set to the unauthorized state.
ForceAuthorized
The port is set to the authorized state.
Auto
The port’s state will be set based on the outcome of authentication exchanges
between the Supplicant, Authenticator and the Authentication server. This is the
default port state when port-based access control is enabled.
Local authentication
Local authentication matches a user ID/password combination received from the supplicant to the
switch module’s local database. The switch module will transmit an EAP-Request/Identity packet to
the supplicant to obtain the combination, and if a match is found will then send an EAP-
Request/MD5 packet to the supplicant. The supplicant’s MD5 response is sent to the authenticator
for validation. A match results in a successful authentication of the port.
/ NOTE
The switch module’s Authenticator supports only the EAP-MD5 authentication type for local
authentication.
RADIUS authentication
When Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) authentication is used, the
authenticator basically becomes a pass through to facilitate communication between the supplicant
and the RADIUS server. The authenticator encapsulates the EAP messages exchanged between the
supplicant and the server in either EAPoL or RADIUS frames (depending on the direction of the
frame). The authenticator determines the authorization status of the port based on RADIUS Access-
Accept or Access-Reject frames. The authenticator switch also needs to send and process all
appropriate RADIUS attributes.
Secure Shell (SSH)
Interactive login is widely used as a means to control and/or configure an entity across a network.
For decades the Telnet protocol, and its cousin rlogin, have provided this capability. However, these
protocols permit the transmission of sensitive information over unprotected networks. The current
standard for providing interactive login in a secure fashion is the Secure SHell (SSH).
Table 2. Secure Shell Feature Details
SSH Feature
Component Type
Interactive Login
Password
Connection Type
Authentication Method
Ciphers
•
•
•
•
3DES-CBC
Blowfish-CBC
Twofish128-CBC
AES128-CBC
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Table 2. Secure Shell Feature Details
SSH Feature
Component Type
Hash Algorithms
•
•
•
MD5
SHA-1
SHA-1-96
Key Exchange Methods
Compression Algorithms
Diffie-Hellman
•
•
•
•
•
•
zlib
none (i.e. no compression)
SSH-DSA
Public Key Algorithms
SSH Protocol Versions
SSH-RSA
SSH 2.0
SSH 1.5
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
Managing devices with a web browser has been standard practice for several years. Unfortunately
standard HTTP transactions are no more secure than Telnet. The solution is the use of the Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol which provides a means of abstracting an encrypted connection
between two stations. Once established, such a connection is virtually no different to use than an
unsecured connection. This allows an established protocol (e.g. HTTP) to operate in a secure
manner on an open network.
Table 3. Secure Sockets Layer Details
SSL Feature
Protocols Secured
Ciphers
Component Type
HTTP
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RC4
DES
3DES
Hash Algorithms
MD5
SHA-1
Diffie-Hellman
RSA
Key Exchange Methods
SSL Protocol Versions
TLS 1.0
SSL 3.0
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Quality of Service (QoS)
The Quality of Service (QoS) features of the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module
IXM5414E allow you to allocate network bandwidth according to the needs of the network users.
This section will give you an overview of the methods available.
Quality of Service technologies are intended to provide guaranteed, timely, delivery of specific
application data to a particular destination. In contrast, standard IP-based networks are designed to
provide “best effort” data delivery service. Best effort service implies that the network will attempt
to deliver the data in a timely fashion, although there is no guarantee. During times of congestion,
packets may be delayed, sent sporadically or dropped. For typical Internet applications, such as
electronic mail and file transfer, a slight degradation in service is acceptable and in many cases is
unnoticeable. Conversely, any degradation of service has undesirable effects on applications with
strict timing requirements, such as voice or multimedia.
QoS is a means of providing consistent, predictable data delivery by distinguishing packets that have
strict timing requirements from those that are more tolerant of delay. Packets with strict timing
requirements are given special treatment in a QoS-capable network. To accomplish this, all elements
of the network must be QoS-capable. If one node is unable to meet the necessary timing
requirements, this creates a deficiency in the network path and the performance of the entire packet
flow is compromised.
Bandwidth provisioning
Bandwidth provisioning allows you to deliver varying levels of allocated bandwidth to users sharing
the same physical interface. By mapping a subscriber’s traffic profile to a predefined policy and then
actively provisioning the maximum bandwidth consumed by that subscriber, you can provide
enhanced service offerings to your users. Bandwidth provisioning reduces the risk of network
congestion and prevents a small number of applications or users from consuming all the available
bandwidth.
Bandwidth provisioning provides Maximum Burst Rate (MBR) management for an interface and a
flexible framework for defining and extending traffic classes. It allows you to allocate bandwidth by
mapping a subscriber’s traffic profile (e.g. source/destination IP address, traffic type) to a prescribed
policy. Bandwidth provisioning actively provisions maximum bandwidth. For example, bandwidth
provisioning can enable monitoring and management of bandwidth for VLAN traffic based on
VLAN class IDs over an interface.
To run bandwidth provisioning you need to define Bandwidth Allocation Profiles (BAPs) and
Traffic Classes (TCs), and then associate the two:
Bandwidth Allocation Profile
A transmission link definition which specifies a Bandwidth Bucket Identifier, as
well as maximum bandwidth allowances.
Traffic Class The definition of the traffic to which a set of rules will apply. A class is defined by
specifying a VLAN Identifier and an interface number, along with the class priority.
A default BAP, which you cannot modify, is assigned to all new TCs. Any given BAP may be
assigned to multiple TCs. Once you have defined the BAPs and TCs, and attached BAPs to the TCs,
VLAN traffic on the specified interfaces will not exceed the maximum configured bandwidth.
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Access Control Lists (ACL)
You use Access Control Lists (ACLs) to control the traffic entering or exiting a network, for
example where two networks are connected, or an internal network is connected through a firewall
router to the Internet. This allows you to ensure that only authorized users have access to specific
resources while blocking off any unwarranted attempts to reach them.
You can use ACLs to:
•
•
•
Provide traffic flow control
Determine which types of traffic will be forwarded or blocked
Provide network security
An ACL consists of one or more rules or filtering criteria. A packet is accepted or rejected based on
whether or not it matches the criteria. After you create the set of rules for an ACL, you attach the
ACL to an interface. Filtering is done on inbound traffic.
An ACL rule may apply to any one or more of the following fields:
•
•
•
•
•
Source IP address
Source Port (Layer 4)
Destination IP
Destination Port (Layer 4)
IP Protocol Number
An ‘implicit deny’ rule is added to the end of every ACL. This means that if a packet does not match
any of the rules you have defined it will be dropped.
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5 Web-Based Network Management
This chapter describes how to use the Web-based network management module to access and
configure the internal switching software.
Important: Before you configure your Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E, be
sure that the management modules in your SBCE platform are properly configured. In addition, to
access and manage your switch module from an external environment, you might need to enable
certain features, such as the external ports and external management over all ports. See the
applicable Installation and User’s Guide publications on the Resource CD for more information.
Introduction
The Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E offers an embedded Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML), Web-based interface that enables you to manage the switch through a
standard browser, such as Opera*, Netscape* Navigator/Communicator or Microsoft* Internet
Explorer. The Web browser acts as an access tool and can communicate directly with the switch
using the HTTP protocol.
/ NOTE
This Web-based management module does not accept Chinese language input (or other
double-byte character-set languages).
The Web-based management module and the Telnet program are different ways to access and
configure the same internal switching software. Thus, all the settings that you encounter in Web-
based management are the same as those found in the Telnet program. If your system application
requires that you use the Telnet program, see Chapter 7 “Command Line Interface Management” on
page 155 for additional information.
This chapter explains the menus and parameters used by the web management interface. Note that
your browser window may not exactly match the window illustrations in this guide.
Remotely managing the switch module
The IXM5414E switch module supports two remote-access modes for management through
Ethernet connections. You can select the mode that is best suited for your platform’s environment.
The switch module has an internal Ethernet path to the management module and the four external
Ethernet ports on the switch module.
•
The default mode uses the internal path to the management module only. In this mode, the
remote-access link to the management console must be attached to the 100 Mbps Ethernet port
on the management module. With this mode, the IP addresses and Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP) parameters of the switch modules can be assigned manually through the
SBCE Management and Configuration Program. This mode enables the system administrator to
provide a secure LAN for management of the platform’s subsystems separately from the data
network.
Important: With this mode, the IXM5414E switch module does not respond to remote-
management commands through the four external Ethernet ports on the switch module.
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See the applicable Installation and User’s Guide on the Resource CD for additional instructions
for configuring the switch module for this mode of operation.
•
The system administrator can select to enable remote management of the IXM5414E switch
module through the four external Ethernet ports on the switch module, instead of, or in addition
to, access through the management module. This mode can only be enabled through the
management module configuration interface. Once this mode is enabled, the external Ethernet
ports will support both management traffic and SBCE application data traffic. Also, the
IXM5414E switch module can transmit DHCP request frames through the external Ethernet
ports.
This mode enables the switch module’s IP addresses to reside on a different subnet than the
management modules. This is useful when the switch modules are to be managed and controlled
as part of the overall network infrastructure, while maintaining secure management of other
SBCE subsystems through the management module. However, management access to the
IXM5414E switch module link will be lost if its IP address is not on the same subnet as the
management module. This chapter contains additional instructions for configuring the
IXM5414E switch module for this mode of operation.
The two previously described modes are only applicable to the IXM5414E switch module. The
management module can only be remotely accessed through the 10/100 Mbps Ethernet port on the
management module.
Getting started
The first step in getting started using Web-based management for your switch is to install a web
browser on the endstation you will be using. The web browser will allow you to connect to the
switch and read the management screens. Some popular browsers are Opera*, Netscape*
Navigator/Communicator and Microsoft* Internet Explorer. Follow the installation instructions for
the browser.
You are now ready to begin managing your switch by simply running the browser installed on your
computer and pointing it to the IP address defined for the device. The URL in the address bar should
have the following format and contain information similar to: http://123.123.123.123, where the
numbers 123.123.123.123 represent the IP address of the switch.
Note: When the switch module is attached to the 100 Mbps port on the management module, use the
statically assigned switch module IP address. When management of the Ethernet switch module is
enabled through the four external ports, use the IP address the switch module acquired from a
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server when the switch module was turned on or
reset.
Depending on which browser you are using, a Login hyperlink displays:
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Click on Login, and a dialog box similar to the following will open:
Enter “USERID” in the User name field and enter “PASSW0RD” (with a zero in place of the O) in
the Password field. Click the OK button. This opens the main page in the management module.
/ NOTE
The User name and Password fields are case sensitive. To increase system security, set a
password after you log onto the system for the first time and be sure to store the new password
in a safe location.
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If java mode is enabled for the switch (the default is enabled) the top panel shows a real-time
information-panel display of the switch module, as shown below. You can change the java mode on
External port
status
Blade server bays
Switch
module
(rear view)
Link status
The panel on the left side of the screen displays the main menu. The main menu contains:
•
•
•
•
•
•
System
Switching
Class of service
Security
QOS
Logout
All of these main menu options (except Logout) have sub-menus, some of which have further sub-
menus, as shown below. All of the Web-based switch module management features are accessed
from these sub-menus and are described in the remainder of this chapter.
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When you first log on to the switch, you will see the System Description details in the center of the
System
The System menu provides access to the following panels and menus:
•
•
•
•
•
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache
Inventory information
Configuration
Forwarding database
Logs
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•
•
•
•
•
Port
SNMP
Statistics
System utilities
Trap manager
ARP cache
This panel displays the connectivity between the switch and other devices. The ARP cache identifies
the Media Access Control (MAC) addresses of the IP stations communicating with the switch.
MAC Address
A unicast MAC address of a device on a subnet attached to one of the switch's
interfaces for which the switch has forwarding and/or filtering information. The
format is six two-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by hyphens; for example,
01-23-45-67-89-AB.
IP Address
Port
The IP address associated with the MAC address.
The identification of the port being used for the connection.
Click the Refresh button to retrieve and display the database again, starting with the first entry in the
table.
Inventory information
This panel displays inventory information for the switch.
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System Description
The product name of this switch.
Machine Type
Machine Model
Serial Number
FRU Number
Part Number
The machine type of this switch.
The model within the machine type.
The unique box serial number for this switch.
The field-replaceable unit number.
The manufacturing part number.
Maintenance Level
The identification of the hardware change level.
Manufacturer
The code that identifies the manufacturer, displayed as two two-digit hexadecimal
numbers.
Base MAC Address
The burned-in, universally administered, MAC address of this switch, displayed as
six two-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by hyphens.
Software Version
The release.version.maintenance number of the code currently running on the
switch.
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Operating System
The operating system currently running on the switch.
Network Processing Device
The network processor hardware.
Additional Packages
The list of optional software packages installed on the switch, if any. For example,
Quality of Service.
Configuration
The Configuration menu gives you access to panels used for switch module management. The
options are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
System description
Network connectivity
Telnet
User accounts
Login configuration
Login session
Login summary
User login
System description
This panel displays and allows configuration of system information.
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System Description
The product name of this switch.
System Name
The name used to identify this switch. The range for name is from 1 to 31
alphanumeric characters.
System Location
The physical location of this switch. May be up to 31 alphanumeric characters. The
factory default is blank.
System Contact
The person or organization responsible for this switch. May be up to 31
alphanumeric characters. The factory default is blank.
IP Address
The IP address of the interface.The factory default value is 10.90.90.9x, where x is
determined by the number of the I/O-module bay into which you have installed the
Ethernet switch module. (See Table 1.“Default IP addresses based on I/O module
System Object ID
The base object ID for the switch’s enterprise MIB.
System Up Time
The time in days, hours and minutes since the last reboot.
MIBs Supported
The list of MIBs supported by the management agent running on this switch.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on the screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Network connectivity
This panel displays network configuration settings necessary for in-band connectivity. The network
interface is the logical interface used for in-band connectivity with the switch via any of the switch's
front panel ports. The configuration parameters associated with the switch's network interface do not
affect the configuration of the front panel ports through which traffic is switched or routed.
To access the switch over a network, the switch must first be configured with its IP information (IP
address, subnet mask and default gateway).
Once you have established in-band connectivity, you can change the IP information using any of the
following:
•
•
•
Terminal interface via telnet or SSH connections
SNMP-based management
Web-based management
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IP Address
The IP address of the interface.The factory default value is 10.90.90.9x, where x is
determined by the number of the I/O-module bay into which you have installed the
Ethernet switch module (see Table 1.“Default IP addresses based on I/O module bay
Subnet Mask The IP subnet mask for this interface. The factory default value is 255.255.255.0.
Default Gateway
The default IP gateway address for this interface. The factory default value is
0.0.0.0.
Network Configuration Protocol
Indicates what network protocol was used on the last or current power-up cycle, if
any. The configuration methods are DHCP, BootP and none. The factory default
method is none. When management of the Ethernet switch module is enabled
through the four external ports, the switch module will acquire its IP address from a
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server when the switch module is
turned on or reset.
Burned In MAC Address
The burned-in MAC address used for in-band connectivity if you choose not to
configure a locally administered address.
Web Mode
Java Mode
Specify whether the switch may be accessed from a web browser through TCP port
80. If you choose to Enable web mode you will be able to manage the switch from a
web browser. The factory default is Enabled.
Enable or Disable the java applet that displays a picture of the switch at the top right
of the screen. If you run the applet you will be able to click on the picture of the
switch to select configuration screens instead of using the navigation tree at the left
side of the screen. The factory default is Enabled.
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Click the Apply button to update the switch with new values. If you want the switch to retain the
new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Telnet
Use this panel to configure Telnet settings.
Telnet Login Timeout (minutes)
Specify how many minutes of inactivity should occur on a Telnet or SSH session
before the switch logs off. A zero means there will be no timeout. You may enter
any number from 0 to 160. The factory default is 5.
Maximum Number of Telnet Sessions
Use the pull-down menu to select how many simultaneous Telnet and SSH sessions
will be allowed. The maximum is 5, with 5 being the factory default.
Allow New Telnet Sessions
Indicates whether new Telnet sessions are allowed. If you set this to no, new Telnet
and SSH sessions will not be allowed. The factory default is yes.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with new values. If you want the switch to retain the
new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
User accounts
Use this panel to reconfigure an existing user account or to create a new one. This panel is only
available for the user with Read/Write privileges, herein referred to as admin.
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User
Use this pull-down menu to select one of the existing accounts, or select Create to
add a new one, provided the maximum of five Read-only accounts has not been
reached.
User Name
The name the user will use to login using the serial port, Telnet or Web. It can be up
to eight alphanumeric characters and is not case-sensitive. Six user names can be
defined, including the Read-only user “GUEST” which cannot be changed. The
admin user will enter USERID (all caps, case sensitive) in this field.
Password
Enter the optional new or changed password for the account. It will not display as it
is typed, only asterisks (*) will show. The password is up to eight alphanumeric
characters and is case-sensitive. Default for GUEST is blank and for the admin is
“PASSW0RD” (please note the use of zero instead of “O”).
Confirm Password
Enter the password again to confirm that you entered it correctly. The information
entered in this field will not display, but will show as asterisks (*).
Access Mode Displays whether the user is able to change parameters on the switch (Read/Write)
or is only able to view them (Read-only). As a factory default, admin has
Read/Write access and GUEST has Read-only access. There can only be one
Read/Write user and up to five Read-only users.
SNMP v3 Access Mode
Indicates the SNMPv3 access privileges for the user account. If the value is set to
Read/Write, the SNMPv3 user will be able to set and retrieve parameters on the
system. If the value is set to Read-only, the SNMPv3 user will only be able to
retrieve parameter information. The SNMPv3 access mode may be different from
the CLI and Web access mode.
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Authentication Protocol
The protocol (if any) used to authenticate the user. This field specifies the protocol
to be used to authenticate a user account. The valid authentication protocols are
None, MD5 or SHA. If MD5 or SHA are specified, the user login password will be
used as the SNMPv3 authentication password.
Encryption Protocol
Specify the SNMPv3 Encryption Protocol settings for the selected user account.
The valid encryption protocols are None or DES. If you select the DES protocol you
must enter a key in the Encryption Key field. The key may be up to 16 characters
long. If None is specified for the protocol, the Encryption Key is ignored.
Encryption Key
If you selected DES in the Encryption Protocol field, enter the SNMPv3 Encryption
Key here. Otherwise this field is ignored. Valid keys are 0 to 15 characters long. The
Apply checkbox must be checked in order to change the Encryption Protocol and
Encryption Key.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on this screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
Click the Delete button to delete the displayed user; this button is only visible when you have
selected a user account with Read-only access. You cannot delete the Read/Write user.
Login configuration
Use this panel to configure login lists. A login list specifies the authentication method(s) you want
used to validate switch or port access for the users associated with the list. The pre-configured users,
admin and GUEST, are assigned to a pre-configured list named defaultList, which you may not
delete. All newly created users are also assigned to the defaultList until you specifically assign them
to a different list.
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Login
Select the authentication login list you want to configure. Select Create to define a
new login list. When you create a new login list, Local is set as the initial
authentication method.
Login Name If you are creating a new login list, enter the name you want to assign. It can be up
to 15 alphanumeric characters long and is not case sensitive. The pull-down menus
you use to specify authentication methods only appear after you create a list by
entering a name.
Method 1
Use the pull-down menu to select the method that should appear first in the selected
authentication login list. If you select a method that does not time out as the first
method, such as local, no other method will be tried, even if you have specified
more than one method. Note that this parameter will not appear when you first
create a new login list. The options are:
Local
The user's locally stored ID and password will be used for authentication.
Radius
The user's ID and password will be authenticated using the RADIUS server
instead of locally.
Reject
The user is never authenticated.
Undefined
The authentication method is unspecified (this may not be assigned as the
first method).
Method 2
Method 3
Use the pull-down menu to select the method, if any, that should appear second in
the selected authentication login list. This is the method that will be used if the first
method times out. If you select a method that does not time out as the second
method, the third method will not be tried. Note that this parameter will not appear
when you first create a new login list.
Use the pull-down menu to select the method, if any, that should appear third in the
selected authentication login list. Note that this parameter will not appear when you
first create a new login list.
Click the Apply button to cause the changes made on this screen to take effect on the switch. If you
want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
Click the Delete button to remove the selected authentication login list from the configuration. The
delete will fail if the selected login list is assigned to any user (including the default user) for system
login or IEEE 802.1X port access control. You can only use this button if you have Read/Write
access.
Login session
This panel displays the details for all user login sessions.
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ID
The ID of this row.
User Name
The user name of user made the session.
Connection From
The user is connected from which machine.
Idle Time
The idle session time.
Session Time
The total session time.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Login summary
This panel displays a list of all users set up for each authentication login list.
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Login
Identifies the authentication login list summarized in this row.
Method List The ordered list of methods configured for this login list.
Login Users The users you assigned to this login list on the User Login Configuration screen.
This list is used to authenticate the users for system login access.
802.1X Port Security Users
The users you assigned to this login list on the Port Access Control User Login
Configuration screen. This list is used to authenticate the users for port access, using
the IEEE 802.1X protocol.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
User login
Use this panel to assign a user to an authentication login list.
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Each configured user is assigned to a login list that specifies how the user should be authenticated
when attempting to access the switch or a port on the switch. After creating a new user account on
the User Account screen, you should assign that user to a login list for the switch using this screen
and, if necessary, to a login list for the ports using the Port Access Control User Login Configuration
screen. If you need to create a new login list for the user, you would do so on the Login
Configuration screen.
The pre-configured users are assigned to a pre-configured list named defaultList, which you may not
delete. All newly created users are also assigned to the defaultList until you specifically assign them
to a different list.
A user that does not have an account configured on the switch is termed the default or non-
configured user. If you assign the non-configured user to a login list that specifies authentication via
the RADIUS server, you will not need to create an account for all users on each switch. However, by
default the non-configured user is assigned to defaultList, which by default uses local authentication.
User
Select the user you want to assign to a login list. Note that you must always
associate the admin user with the default list. This forces the admin user to always
be authenticated locally to prevent full lockout from switch configuration. If you
assign a user to a login list that requires remote authentication, the user’s access to
the switch from all CLI, web, and Telnet sessions will be blocked until the
authentication is complete.
Login
Select the authentication login list you want to assign to the user for system login.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Click the Apply button to cause the changes made on this screen to take effect on the switch click. If
you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
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Forwarding database
The first option on this menu is the Configuration panel, which allows you to configure the
forwarding database aging interval. The second option is the Search panel, which displays the
forwarding database entries specified by a MAC address or filter you enter.
Configuration
Use this panel to configure the forwarding database aging interval.
Aging Interval (secs)
The forwarding database contains static entries, which are never aged out, and
dynamically learned entries, which are removed if they are not updated within a
given time. You specify that time by entering a value for the Aging Interval. Enter
any number of seconds between 10 and 1000000. IEEE 802.1D recommends a
default of 300 seconds, which is the factory default.
Click the Apply button to cause the changes made on this screen to take effect on the switch. If you
want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
Search
This panel displays the forwarding database entries. You can specify a filter to determine which
addresses are displayed or a MAC address to display the table entry for the requested MAC address
(and all entries following the requested MAC address).
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Filter
Specify the entries you want displayed from the pull-down menu. Once a choice is
made the list is automatically refreshed with the selected filter. Filter choices are:
Learned
Only MAC addresses that have been learned will be displayed.
All
MAC Address Search
The entire table will be displayed.
You may also search for an individual MAC address. Enter the two byte
hexadecimal Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) ID followed by the six byte
hexadecimal MAC address in two-digit groups separated by hyphens; for example,
01-23-00-67-89-AB-CD-EF where 01-23 is the VLAN ID and 45-67-89-AB-CD-
EF is the MAC address. Then click the Search button. If the address exists, that
entry will be displayed as the first entry followed by the remaining (greater) MAC
addresses. An exact match is required.
MAC Address
Source Port
A unicast MAC address for which the switch has forwarding and/or filtering
information. The format is a two byte hexadecimal VLAN ID number followed by a
six byte MAC address with each byte separated by hyphens, for example 00-01-00-
23-45-67-89-AB.
The port where this address was learned – i.e. the port through which the MAC
address can be reached. In the above example, CMM refers to Chassis Management
Module ports.
ifIndex
Status
The ifIndex of the MIB interface table entry associated with the port.
The status of this entry. The possible values are:
Learned
The entry was learned by observing the source MAC addresses of incoming
traffic, and is currently in use.
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Management
The value of the corresponding instance is also the value of an existing
instance of dot1d StaticAddress. Currently this is used when enabling
VLANs for routing.
Self
The MAC address of one of the switch’s physical interfaces.
GMRP Learned
The value of the corresponding instance was learned via GARP Multicast
Registration Protocol (GMRP).
Other
The value of the corresponding instance does not fall into one of the other
categories.
Click the Search button to search for the specified MAC address.
Click the Refresh button to retrieve and display the database again starting with the first entry in the
table.
Logs
This menu provides access to the following two logs:
•
•
Message log
Event log
The message log tracks non-critical error information, while the event log tracks critical event
information.
Message log
This panel displays the message log maintained by the switch. The message log contains system
trace information that records non-critical problems. Message log information is not retained across
a switch reset and wraps after 512 entries.
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Time
The time the event occurred, calculated from the time the switch was last reset, in
days, hours, minutes and seconds.
File
The source code filename identifying the code that detected the event.
The line number within the source file of the code that detected the event.
An explanation of the problem being reported.
Line
Description
Click the Refresh button to retrieve and display the database again starting with the first entry in the
table.
Event log
This panel displays the event log, which is used to hold error messages for critical events. After the
event has been logged and the updated log has been saved in FLASH memory, the switch will be
reset. The log can hold at least 2,000 entries (the actual number depends on the platform and OS),
and is erased when an attempt is made to add an entry after it is full. The event log is preserved
across system resets.
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Entry
Filename
Line
The number of the entry within the event log. The most recent entry is first.
The source code filename identifying the code that detected the event.
The line number within the source file of the code that detected the event.
The OS-assigned ID of the task reporting the event.
TaskID
Code
The event code passed to the event log handler by the code reporting the event.
Time
The time the event occurred, measured from the previous reset, in days, hours,
minutes and seconds.
Click the Refresh button to retrieve and display the database again starting with the first entry in the
table.
Port
This menu provides access to port configuration and display options, including:
•
•
•
Configuration
Summary
Mirroring
Configuration
Use this panel to enable or disable one or more ports. The port will only participate in the network
when it is enabled.
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Port
Selects the interface for which data is to be displayed or configured.
Port Type
For normal and LAG ports this field will be blank. Otherwise the possible values
are:
Probe
Monitoring port, participating in Port Mirroring. Following is how this
panel displays when the port type is Probe.
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Mirrored
Port being mirrored.
LAG Member of a Link Aggregation (LAG) trunk. Following is how this panel
displays when the port type is LAG.
STP Mode
Select the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Administrative Mode for the port or LAG.
The possible values are Enabled and Disabled.
Admin Mode
Use the pull-down menu to select the port control administration state. You must
select Enabled if you want the port to participate in the network. The factory default
is Enabled.
Flow Control Mode
Use the pull-down menu to Enable or Disable flow control for the port. The factory
default is Disabled.
LACP Mode
Selects the Link Aggregation Control Protocol administration state. The mode must
be Enabled in order for the port to participate in Link Aggregation. It may be
Enabled or Disabled by selecting the corresponding line on the pull-down entry
field. The factory default is Enabled.
Physical Mode
Use the pull-down menu to select the port's speed and duplex mode. If you select
auto the duplex mode and speed will be set by the auto-negotiation process. Note
that the port's maximum capability (full duplex and 100 Mbps) will be advertised.
Otherwise, your selection will determine the port's duplex mode and transmission
rate. The factory default is auto. You can only use this menu for the external ports.
Physical Status
Indicates the port speed and duplex mode. This field only displays if the Link Status
is Up.
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Link Status
Indicates whether the Link is Up or Down. Following is how this panel displays
when the link status is link up.
Link Trap
ifIndex
This object determines whether or not to send a trap when link status changes. The
factory default is Enabled.
The ifIndex of the interface table entry associated with this port.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values you entered. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Summary
This panel displays the status of all ports in the box.
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Port
Identifies the physical port.
Port Type
If not blank, this field indicates that this port is a special type of port. The possible
values are:
Mirrored
Port being mirrored.
Probe
Probe port, participating in Port Mirroring.
LAG Member of a link aggregation trunk.
STP Mode
The Administrative Mode for the port or LAG. The possible values are Enabled and
Disabled.
Forwarding State
The port’s current spanning tree state. This state controls what action a port takes on
receipt of a frame. If the bridge detects a malfunctioning port it will place that port
into the Broken state. The other four states are defined in IEEE 802.1s as:
•
•
•
•
Disabled
Manual Forwarding
Learning
Forwarding
Port Role
Each Enabled bridge port is assigned a port role. The port role will be one of the
following values: Root Port, Designated Port, Alternate Port, Backup Port, Master
Port or Disabled Port.
Admin Mode
Displays the port administration mode. The port must be Enabled in order for it to
be allowed into the network. The factory default is Enabled.
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Control Mode
Displays whether flow control is Enabled or Disabled on this port.
The following displays the right side of the panel. Descriptions of these fields follow.
LACP Mode
Displays whether Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is Enabled or
Disabled on this port.
Physical Mode
Displays the selected port speed and duplex mode. If auto-negotiation support is
selected, then the duplex mode and speed will be set by the auto-negotiation
process. Note that the port's maximum capability will be advertised. Otherwise, you
must enter the port’s speed and duplex mode manually. The factory default is auto.
Physical Status
Indicates the current port speed and duplex mode.
Link Status
Indicates whether the link is Up or Down.
Link Trap
Indicates whether or not a trap will be sent when link status changes. The factory
default is Enabled.
ifIndex
Indicates the ifIndex of the interface table entry associated with this port.
Mirroring
This panel displays the port mirroring information for the switch module.
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Port Mirroring Mode
Select the Port Mirroring Mode by selecting the corresponding line on the pull-
down entry field. The factory default is Disabled.
Probe Port
The interface you want to act as the Probe. Once configured there is no network
connectivity on the probe port. The probe port will not forward or receive any
traffic. The probe tool attached to the probe port will not be able to ping the switch
or through the switch, and nobody will be able to ping the probe tool.
Port to be Mirrored
The interface selected as the Mirror. Every packet seen at the mirrored port is
copied to the probe port. That includes all packets received and admitted, received
and dropped, and transmitted out of the mirrored port.
Click the Delete button to remove the Port Mirroring configuration. The mode must be Disabled
before the configuration can be deleted.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on this screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
SNMP
This menu provides access to the following Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
options:
•
•
•
•
Community configuration
Trap receiver configuration
Trap receiver summary
Supported MIBs
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Community configuration
By default, two SNMP Communities exist:
•
•
private, with Read/Write privileges and status set to Enable
public, with Read-only privileges and status set to Enable
These are well-known communities; you can use this menu to change the defaults or to add other
communities. Only the communities that you define using this menu will have access to the switch
using the SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c protocols. Only those communities with Read-Write privileges
will have access to this menu via SNMP.
Use this panel when you are using the SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c protocol; if you want to use SNMP v3
you should use the User Accounts menu.
Six communities are supported. You can add, change or delete communities. The switch does not
have to be reset for changes to take effect.
The SNMP agent of the switch complies with SNMPv1 (for more about the SNMP specification, see
the SNMP RFCs). The SNMP agent sends traps through TCP/IP to an external SNMP manager
based on the SNMP configuration (the trap receiver and other SNMP community parameters).
Community Use this pull-down menu to select one of the existing community names, or select
Create to add a new one.
Name
A community name is associated with the switch and with a set of SNMP managers
that manage it with a specified privileged level. The length of the name can be up to
16 case-sensitive characters. There are two default community names: public (with
Read-only access) and private (with Read/Write access). You can replace these
default community names with unique identifiers for each community. The default
values for the remaining four community names are blank. Community names in
the SNMP community table must be unique. If you make multiple entries using the
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same community name, the first entry is kept and processed and all duplicate entries
are ignored.
Client IP Address
Enter the IP address (or portion thereof) from which this device will accept SNMP
packets with the associated community name. The requesting entity's IP address is
ANDed with the Client IP mask before being compared to the Client IP address.
Note that if the Client IP mask is set to 0.0.0.0, an IP address of 0.0.0.0 matches all
IP addresses. The default value is 0.0.0.0.
Client IP Mask
Enter the mask to be ANDed with the requesting entity's IP address before
comparison with the Client IP address. If the result matches the Client IP address
then the address is an authenticated IP address. For example, if the IP address =
9.47.128.0 and the corresponding Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0, a range of
incoming IP addresses would match, i.e. the incoming IP address could equal
9.47.128.0 - 9.47.128.255. The default value is 0.0.0.0.
Access Mode Specify the access level for this community by selecting Read/Write or Read-only
from the pull-down menu. This field restricts access to switch information.
Status
Specify the status of this community by selecting Enable or Disable from the pull-
down menu. This field activates or deactivates an SNMP community. If a
community is Enabled, an SNMP manager associated with this community is
allowed to access the switch. If the community is Disabled, no SNMP requests
using this community name are accepted. In this case the SNMP manager
associated with this community cannot manage the switch until the Status is
changed back to Enable.
Click the Delete button to delete the currently selected Community Name. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on this screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
Trap receiver configuration
Use this panel to assign a new IP address to a specified trap receiver community. The maximum
length of name is 16 case-sensitive alphanumeric characters.
IP addresses in the SNMP trap receiver table must be unique. If you make multiple entries using the
same IP address, the first entry is retained and processed. All duplicate entries are ignored.
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Community This field adds an SNMP trap receiver community name and associated IP address.
Name
Enter the community string for the SNMP trap packet to be sent to the trap manager.
This may be up to 16 characters and is case sensitive.
IP Address
Status
Enter the IP address to receive SNMP traps from this device.
This field Enables or Disables the SNMP trap receiver identified by trap receiver
community name and IP address. Enabled trap receivers are active (able to receive
traps). Disabled trap receivers are inactive (not able to receive traps).
Click the Delete button to delete the currently selected Community Name. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on this screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle, you must perform a save.
Trap receiver summary
This panel displays information about SNMP trap receivers. Trap messages are sent across a
network to an SNMP Network Manager. These messages alert the manager to events occurring
within the switch or on the network. Up to six trap receivers are supported at the same time.
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Community Displays the community string for the SNMP trap packet to be sent to the trap
manager. Note that trap receiver communities and SNMP communities are separate
and distinct.
IP Address
Status
Displays the IP address to receive SNMP traps from this device.
Indicates whether traps are currently Enabled for this community:
Enable
Disable
Traps will be sent.
Traps will not be sent.
Supported Management Information Bases (MIB)
This panel displays a list of all the MIBs supported by the switch.
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Name
The RFC number if applicable and the name of the MIB.
The RFC title or MIB description.
Description
Click the Refresh button to retrieve and display the database again starting with the first entry in the
table.
Statistics
This menu provides access to menu options that display various switch statistics, including:
•
•
•
•
Switch detailed
Switch summary
Port detailed
Port summary
Switch detailed
This panel displays detailed statistics for all CPU traffic.
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ifIndex
This object indicates the ifIndex of the interface table entry associated with the
processor of this switch.
Received
Octets Received
The total number of octets of data received by the processor (excluding framing bits
but including FCS octets).
Packets Received Without Error
The total number of packets (including broadcast packets and multicast packets)
received by the processor.
Unicast Packets Received
The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Multicast Packets Received
The number of packets received that were directed to a multicast address. Note that
this number does not include packets directed to the broadcast address.
Broadcast Packets Received
The number of packets received that were directed to a broadcast address. Note that
this number does not include packets directed to the multicast address.
Receive Packets Discarded
The number of inbound packets that were chosen to be discarded even though no
errors had been detected that would prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer
protocol. One possible reason for discarding a packet could be to free up buffer
space.
Transmitted
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Octets Transmitted
The total number of octets of data transmitted on the network including framing
bits.
Packets Transmitted Without Errors
The total number of packets that have been transmitted on the network without an
error occurring.
Unicast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Multicast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
multicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Broadcast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
broadcast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Transmit Packets Discarded
The number of outbound packets that were chosen to be discarded even though no
errors had been detected. One possible reason for discarding a packet could be to
free up buffer space.
Table Entries:
Most Address Entries Ever Used
The highest number of Forwarding Database Address Table entries used by this
switch module since the last reboot.
Address Entries In Use
The number of learned and static Forwarding Database Address Table entries
currently in use by this switch module.
Maximum VLAN Entries
The maximum number of VLANs allowed on the switch module.
Most VLAN Entries Ever Used
The highest number of VLANs that have been active on this switch module since
the last reboot.
Static VLAN Entries
The number of VLANs currently active on this switch module that were created
statically.
Dynamic VLAN Entries
The number of VLANs currently active on this switch module that were created by
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) registration.
VLAN Deletes
The number of VLANs that have been created and then deleted on this switch
module since the last reboot.
Time Since Counters Last Cleared:
The elapsed time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the statistics for this
port were last cleared.
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Click the Clear Counters button to clear all the counters, resetting all summary and switch detailed
statistics to defaults, except for the counts of discarded packets, which cannot be cleared.
Click the Refresh button to refresh the data on the screen with the present state of the data in the
switch.
Switch summary
This panel displays a summary of the statistics for CPU traffic.
ifIndex
This object indicates the ifIndex of the interface table entry associated with the
processor of this switch.
Total Packets Received Without Errors
The total number of packets (including multicast and broadcast packets) received by
the processor without an error occurring.
Broadcast Packets Received
The total number of packets received that were directed to the broadcast address.
Note that this does not include multicast packets.
Packets Received With Error
The number of inbound packets that contained errors that prevented them being
delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Packets Transmitted Without Errors
The total number of packets transmitted from the switch module without an error
occurring.
Broadcast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-layer protocols requested to be transmitted
to the broadcast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
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Transmit Packet Errors
The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of errors.
Address Entries Currently In Use
The number of learned and static Forwarding Database Address Table entries
currently in use by this switch module.
VLAN Entries Currently In Use
The number of VLANs currently in the VLAN table on this switch module.
Time Since Counters Last Cleared
The elapsed time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the statistics for this
port were last cleared.
Click the Clear Counters button to clear all the counters, resetting all summary and switch detailed
statistics to defaults, except for the counts of discarded packets, which cannot be cleared.
Click the Refresh button to refresh the data on the screen with the present state of the data in the
switch.
Port detailed
This panel displays detailed statistics for a specified port.
Port
Use this field to select the port for which to display statistics. Click the down arrow
to display the list of ports from which to choose.
ifIndex
This object indicates the ifIndex of the interface table entry associated with this
port.
Packets Received:
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Octets Received
The total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) received on the
network (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets). This object can be used
as a reasonable estimate of Ethernet utilization. If greater precision is desired, the
etherStatsPkts and etherStatsOctets objects should be sampled before and after a
common interval.
Packets Received 64 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64 octets in
length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 65-127 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 65
and 127 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 128-255 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 128
and 255 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 256-511 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 256
and 511 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 512-1023 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 512
and 1023 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 1024-1518 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between
1024 and 1518 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 1519-1522 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between
1519 and 1522 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received >1522 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were >1522
octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Total Packets Received Without Error
Total Packets Received Without Errors
The total number of packets received that were without error.
Unicast Packets Received
The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Multicast Packets Received
The number of packets received that were directed to a multicast address. Note that this
number does not include packets directed to the broadcast address.
Broadcast Packets Received
The number of packets received that were directed to a broadcast address. Note that this
number does not include packets directed to the multicast address.
Total Packets Received with MAC Errors
Total Packets Received with MAC Errors
The total number of inbound packets that contained errors that prevented them from being
delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
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Jabbers Received
The total number of packets received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing
bits, but including FCS octets), and had either a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS) with an
integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-integral number of octets
(Alignment Error). Note that this definition of jabber is different than the definition in IEEE-
802.3 section 8.2.1.5 (10BASE5) and section 10.3.1.4 (10BASE2). These documents define
jabber as the condition where any packet exceeds 20 ms. The allowed range to detect jabber
is between 20 ms and 150 ms.
Fragments/Undersize Received
The total number of packets received that were less than 64 octets in length (excluding
framing bits but including FCS octets).
Alignment Errors
The total number of packets received that had a length (excluding framing bits but including
FCS octets) of between 64 and 1518 octets, inclusive, but had a bad Frame Check Sequence
(FCS) with a non-integral number of octets.
Rx FCS Errors
The total number of packets received that had a length (excluding framing bits but including
FCS octets) of between 64 and 1518 octets, inclusive, but had a bad Frame Check Sequence
(FCS) with an integral number of octets.
Total Received Packets Not Forwarded
802.3x Pause Frames Received
A count of MAC Control frames received on this interface with an opcode indicating the
PAUSE operation. This counter does not increment when the interface is operating in half-
duplex mode.
Total Packets Transmitted (Octets)
Total Packets Transmitted (Octets)
The total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) transmitted on the
network (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets). This object can be used as a
reasonable estimate of Ethernet utilization. If greater precision is desired, the etherStatsPkts
and etherStatsOctets objects should be sampled before and after a common interval.
Packets Transmitted 64 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were 64 octets in
length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 65-127 octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between 65 and
127 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 128-255 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between 128 and
255 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 256-511 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between 256 and
511 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 512-1023 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between 512 and
1023 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
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Packets Transmitted 1024-1518 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between 1024 and
1518 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 1519-1522 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between 1519 and
1530 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Max Info
The maximum size of the information (non-MAC) field that this port will receive or
transmit.
Total Packets Transmitted Successfully
Total Packets Transmitted Successfully
The total number of packets that have been transmitted by this port to its segment without an
error occurring.
Unicast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Multicast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
multicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Broadcast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
broadcast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Total Transmit Errors
Total Transmit Errors
The sum of Single, Multiple and Excessive Collisions.
Tx FCS Errors
The total number of packets transmitted that had a length (excluding framing bits but
including FCS octets) of between 64 and 1518 octets, inclusive, but had a bad Frame Check
Sequence (FCS) with an integral number of octets.
Tx Oversized
The total number of packets that exceeded the maximum permitted frame size. This counter
has a maximum increment rate of 815 counts per second at 10 Mbps.
Underrun Errors
The total number of packets discarded because the transmit FIFO buffer became empty
during frame transmission.
Total Transmit Packets Discarded
Total Transmit Packets Discarded
The sum of single collision frames discarded, multiple collision frames discarded, and
excessive collision frames discarded.
Single Collision Frames
The number of successfully transmitted packets which encountered exactly one collision.
Multiple Collision Frames
The number of successfully transmitted packets which encountered more than one collision.
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Excessive Collision Frames
The number of packets which were not successfully transmitted because of excessive
collisions.
STP BPDUs Received
The number of STP BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received by the spanning tree
layer.
STP BPDUs Transmitted
The number of STP BPDUs transmitted from the spanning tree layer.
RSTP BPDUs Received
The number of RSTP BPDUs received at the selected port.
RSTP BPDUs Transmitted
The number of RSTP BPDUs transmitted from the selected port.
802.3x Pause Frames Transmitted
A count of MAC Control frames transmitted on this interface with an opcode indicating the
PAUSE operation. This counter does not increment when the interface is operating in half-
duplex mode.
GVRP PDUs Received
The number of GVRP PDUs received by the Generic Attribute Registration Protocol
(GARP) layer.
GVRP PDUs Transmitted
The number of GVRP PDUs transmitted by the GARP layer.
GVRP Failed Registrations
The number of times attempted GVRP registrations could not be completed.
GMRP PDUs Received
The number of GMRP PDUs received by the GARP layer.
GMRP PDUs Transmitted
The number of GMRP PDUs transmitted by the GARP layer.
GMRP Failed Registrations
The number of times attempted GMRP registrations could not be completed.
Time Since Counters Last Cleared
The elapsed time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the statistics for this port were
last cleared.
The following displays the bottom of the panel, showing the buttons available.
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Click the Clear Counters button to clear all the counters, resetting all statistics for this port to default
values.
Click the Clear All Counters button to clear all the counters for all ports, resetting all statistics for all
ports to default values.
Click the Refresh button to refresh the data on the screen with the present state of the data in the
switch.
Port summary
This panel displays a summary of the statistics for a specified port.
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Port
Use this field to select the port for which to display statistics. Click the down arrow
to display the list of ports from which to choose.
ifIndex
This object indicates the ifIndex of the interface table entry associated with this port
on an adapter.
Total Packets Received Without Errors
The total number of packets (including multicast and broadcast packets) received on
this port without an error occurring.
Packets Received With Error
The number of inbound packets that contained errors that prevented them being
delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Broadcast Packets Received
The total number of packets received that were directed to the broadcast address.
Note that this does not include multicast packets.
Packets Transmitted Without Errors
The total number of packets transmitted from the interface without an error
occurring.
Transmit Packet Errors
The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of errors.
Collision Frames
The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet segment.
Time Since Counters Last Cleared
The elapsed time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the statistics for this
port were last cleared.
Click the Clear Counters button to clear all the counters, resetting all statistics for this port to default
values.
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Click the Clear All Counters button to clear all the counters for all ports, resetting all statistics for all
ports to default values.
Click the Refresh button to refresh the data on the screen with the present state of the data in the
switch.
System utilities
This menu provides access to several systems-related panels. These include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Save all applied changes
System reset
Reset configuration to default
Reset passwords to default
Download file to switch
Upload file from switch
Ping
Save all applied changes
Click the Save button to have configuration changes you have made saved across a system reboot.
All changes submitted since the previous save or system reboot will be retained by the switch.
System reset
Click the Reset button to reset the switch without powering off. Reset means that all network
connections are terminated and the boot code executes. The switch uses the stored configuration to
initialize the switch. You are prompted to confirm that the reset should proceed. A successful reset is
indicated by the LEDs on the switch.
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Reset configuration to defaults
Click the Reset button to reset the configuration of the switch module to the factory defaults. The
switch is automatically reset when this command is processed. All configuration changes that you
have made, including those saved to NVRAM, will be lost. You are prompted to confirm that the
reset should proceed.
Reset passwords to defaults
Click the Reset button to reset all user passwords to the factory defaults (since only the ADMIN can
set passwords, this is blank). You are prompted to confirm that the password reset should proceed.
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File Type
Specify the type of file to be downloaded to the switch:
Code
8051 MCU Code
Config
SSH RSA1 Key File
SSH RSA2 Key PEM File
SSH DSA Key PEM File
SSL Trusted Root Certificate PEM File
SSL Server Certificate PEM File
SSL DH Weak Encryption Parameter PEM File
SSL DH Strong Encryption Parameter PEM File
8051 MCU Code
TFTP Server IP Address
Enter the IP address of the TFTP server. The factory default is 0.0.0.0.
TFTP File Path
This field specifies the directory path on the TFTP server where the file to be downloaded to
the switch is located. The switch will retain the last file path used.
TFTP File Name
This field specifies the name of the file that is to be downloaded to the switch. The switch
will remember the last file name used.
The last row of the table is used to display information about the progress of the file transfer. The
screen will refresh automatically until the file transfer completes.
The Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E software supports the use of a TFTP
client. The TFTP client path statement requirement is server dependent. A path statement is
generally required to setup the TFTP client; however, the client path may remain blank. See the
example of the path setup.
TFTP Upload Example:
The TFTP upload example details three scenarios for TFTP client-to-server file transfer. Each
scenario involves uploading the config.bin file from the switch to the location c:\tftp\ on the server.
The different scenarios are detailed below:
Table 4. TFTP Upload Scenarios
TFTP Server path
TFTP Client path
c:\tftp\
c:\
blank
tftp\
c:
\tftp\
Click the Start File Transfer button to apply any changes made to the fields and initiate the
download.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch; this does not perform the file
download.
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Upload file from switch
Use this panel to configure the information needed to upload a file from the switch. See the previous
Paths and Names.
File Type
This field sets the type of file to be uploaded from the switch. The datatype is one of the
following:
config
Configuration file
Error log
errorlog
msglog
Message log
TFTP Server IP Address
Enter the IP address of the TFTP server. The factory default is 0.0.0.0.
TFTP File Path
This field specifies the directory path on the TFTP server where the file to be uploaded from
the switch is to be located. The switch will remember the last file path used.
TFTP File Name
This field specifies the name of the file that is to be uploaded from the switch. The switch
will remember the last file name used.
The last row of the table is used to display information about the progress of the file transfer. The
screen will refresh automatically until the file transfer completes.
Click the Start File Transfer button to apply any changes made to the fields and initiate the upload.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch; this does not perform the file
upload. This command is valid only when the transfer mode is TFTP.
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Ping
Use this panel to have the switch transmit a Ping request to a specified IP address. This checks
whether the switch can communicate with a particular IP device. Once you click the Apply button,
the switch will send three pings and the results will be displayed in the Ping field, below the IP
address.
The switch can be pinged from any IP workstation with which the switch is connected through the
default VLAN (VLAN 1), as long as there is a physical path between the switch and the workstation.
IP Address
Ping
Enter the IP address of the station you want the switch to ping. The initial value is
blank. The IP address you enter is not retained across a power cycle.
Displays the results of the ping. If a reply to the ping is not received, you will see
No Reply Received from IP xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, otherwise you will see Reply
received from IP xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: (send count = 3, receive count = n).
Click the Apply button to initiate the ping.
Trap manager
The following trap-related panels are available from this menu:
Trap flags
Trap log
•
•
Trap flags
This panel displays trap conditions. When the condition identified by an active trap is encountered
by the switch, a trap message will be sent to any enabled SNMP Trap Receivers and a message will
be written to the trap log. Cold and warm start traps are always enabled.
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Authentication
Link Up/Down
Multiple Users
Indicates whether authentication failure traps will be sent (Enable) or not (Disable).
This field Enables or Disables the Authentication Flag, which determines whether a
trap message is sent when the switch detects an authentication failure. The factory
default is Enabled.
Indicates whether a trap will be sent when the link status changes from Up to Down
or vice versa. This field Enables or Disables Link Up/Down traps for the entire
switch. When Enabled, link trap messages are sent only if the Link Trap flag
associated with the affected port is also set to Enabled.
Indicates whether a trap will be sent when the same user ID is logged into the switch
more than once at the same time (either via Telnet or the serial port). This field
Enables or Disables Multiple User traps. When Enabled, a multiple user trap
message is sent when a user logs in to the terminal interface (EIA 232 or Telnet) and
there is an existing terminal interface session for the same user account.
Spanning Tree
Indicates whether spanning tree traps will be sent. This field Enables or Disables
STP traps. When Enabled, topology change notification trap messages will be sent.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. These changes will not be retained across a power cycle unless a save is performed.
Trap log
This panel displays the entries in the trap log.
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Number of Traps Since Last Reset
The number of traps that have occurred since the last time the switch was reset.
Number of Traps Since Log Last Viewed
The number of traps that have occurred since the traps were last displayed.
Displaying the traps by any method (terminal interface display, Web display, upload
file from switch, etc.) will cause this counter to be cleared to 0.
Log
System Up Time
The time at which this trap occurred, expressed in days, hours, minutes and seconds
The sequence number of this trap.
since the last reboot of the switch
Trap
Information identifying the trap.
Click the Clear Log button to clear all entries in the log. Subsequent displays of the log will only
show new log entries.
Switching
This menu provides access to all the switch-related processing screens. Options on this menu are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
VLAN
Filters
GARP
IGMP snooping
Link aggregation
Multicast forwarding database
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•
Spanning tree
VLAN
This menu provides access to Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) configuration, displays status
and displays summary information. Menu options are:
•
•
•
•
•
Configuration
Status
Port configuration
Port summary
Reset configuration
Configuration
This panel displays detailed information, including interface information, for a specific VLAN. You
also use it to create new VLANs.
VLAN ID and Name
Select the VLAN to display from the pop-down menu, or select Create to set up a
new VLAN. When Create is selected the VLAN ID field changes from non-
configurable to configurable.
VLAN ID
There is a VLAN Identifier (VLAN ID) associated with each VLAN. Use this field
to create a new VLAN and assign it an ID. The ID is a number in the range of 2 to
4094 (ID 1 is reserved for the default VLAN).
VLAN Name
A string associated with this VLAN as a convenience. It can be up to 16
alphanumeric characters long, including blanks. The default is blank. VLAN ID 1
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always has a name of Default. Use this field to change an existing Name. This field
is optional.
VLAN Type What type of VLAN this is. A VLAN can be:
the Default VLAN (VLAN ID = 1).
•
•
a Static VLAN, one that you create using this panel or the config vlan create
command.
•
a Dynamic VLAN, one that is created by GVRP registration.
In order to change a VLAN from Dynamic to Static, use this panel or the config
vlan makestatic command.
Broadcast Storm Control Mode
Configures broadcast storm control mode on the VLAN. To Enable broadcast storm
control on this VLAN, select Enable from the pull-down list. If storm control is
Enabled, storms are controlled by counting the number of broadcast packets within
a certain time period. If a count limit is exceeded, the packets are discarded. Only
64 combined broadcast and multicast storm rules are allowed to be configured at
one time.
Broadcast Packets/Second
The rate at which the broadcast packets will begin being discarded. The valid range
is 0 to 104856000 packets per second.
Mulitcast Storm Control Mode
Configures multicast storm control on the VLAN. To Enable multicast storm
control on this VLAN, select Enable from the pull-down list. This command
Enables or Disables multicast storm control for a particular VLAN. If storm control
is Enabled, storms are controlled by counting the number of multicast packets
within a certain time period. If a count limit is exceeded, the packets are discarded.
Only 64 combined broadcast and multicast storm rules are allowed to be configured
at one time.
Multicast Packets/Second
The rate level at which the multicast packets will begin being discarded. The valid
range is 0 to 104856000 packets per second.
Port
Indicates which port is associated with the fields on this line.
Status
Displays the current degree of participation of this port in this VLAN. The
permissible values are:
Include
This port is always a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to
registration fixed in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Exclude
Autodetect
This port is never a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to
registration forbidden in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
This port will not participate in this VLAN unless a GVRP join
request is received on this port. This is equivalent to registration
normal in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Participation Use the pull-down menu to configure the degree of participation of this port in this
VLAN. The permissible values are:
Include
This port is always a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to
registration fixed in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
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Exclude
This port is never a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to
registration forbidden in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Autodetect
This port will not participate in this VLAN unless a GVRP join
request is received on this port. This is equivalent to registration
normal in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Tagging
Use the pull-down menu to configure the tagging behavior of this port in this
VLAN. The default is untagged.
Tagged
All frames transmitted for this VLAN will be tagged.
All frames transmitted for this VLAN will be untagged.
Untagged
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on this screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Status
This panel displays information about all configured VLANs.
VLAN ID
There is a VLAN Identifier (VLAN ID) associated with each VLAN. The range of
the VLAN ID is 1 to 4094.
VLAN Name
A string associated with this VLAN as a convenience. It can be up to 16
alphanumeric characters long, including blanks. The default is blank. VLAN ID 1
always has a name of Default. This field is optional.
VLAN Type What type of VLAN this is. A VLAN can be:
•
•
•
the Default VLAN (VLAN ID = 1).
a static VLAN, one that you have created.
a Dynamic VLAN, one that is created by GVRP registration.
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In order to change a VLAN from Dynamic to Static, use the VLAN Configuration
panel or the config vlan makestatic command.
Broadcast Storm Control Mode
This field shows the mode of broadcast storm control on the VLAN. If storm
control is Enabled, storms are controlled by counting the number of broadcast
packets within a certain time period. If a count limit is exceeded, the packets are
discarded.
Broadcast Packets/Second
The rate level at which the broadcast packets will begin being discarded.
Multicast Storm Control Mode
This field shows the mode of multicast storm control on the VLAN. If storm control
is Enabled, storms are controlled by counting the number of multicast packets
within a certain time period. If a count limit is exceeded, the packets are discarded.
Multicast Packets/Second
The rate level at which the multicast packets will begin being discarded.
Port configuration
Use this panel to configure the VLAN behavior for a specific interface in a VLAN.
Port
Select the port you want to configure from the pull-down menu.
Port VLAN ID
Specify the VLAN ID you want assigned to untagged or priority tagged frames
received on this port. The VLAN ID must be that of a VLAN you have already
created. The factory default is 1.
Acceptable Frame Types
Specify how you want the port to handle untagged and priority tagged frames. If
you select VLAN only, the port will discard any untagged or priority tagged frames
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it receives. If you select Admit All, untagged and priority tagged frames received on
the port will be accepted and assigned the value of the Port VLAN ID for this port.
Whichever you select, VLAN tagged frames will be forwarded in accordance with
the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN standard. The factory default is Admit All.
Port Priority Specify the default 802.1p priority for the port.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on this screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Port summary
This panel displays VLAN information for all ports on the switch.
Port
Indicates which port is associated with the fields on this line.
Port VLAN ID
The VLAN ID that this port will assign to untagged frames or priority tagged
frames received on this port if the acceptable frame types parameter is set to Admit
All. The factory default is 1.
Acceptable Frame Types
The types of frames that may be received on this port. The options are VLAN Only
and Admit All. When set to VLAN Only, untagged frames or priority tagged frames
received on this port are discarded. When set to Admit All, untagged frames or
priority tagged frames received on this port are accepted and assigned the value of
the Port VLAN ID for this port. With either option, VLAN tagged frames are
forwarded in accordance with the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN specification.
Port Priority The VLAN Port Priority that this port will assign to untagged frames received on
this port.
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Reset configuration
All VLAN configuration parameters are reset to their factory default values if you click the Reset
button and confirm your selection on the next screen. Also, all VLANs, except for the default
VLAN, will be deleted. The factory default values are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
All ports are assigned to the default VLAN of 1.
All ports are configured with a PVID of 1.
All ports are configured to an Acceptable Frame Types value of Admit All Frames.
All ports are configured to transmit only untagged frames.
GVRP is disabled on all ports and all dynamic entries are cleared.
GVRP is disabled for the switch and all dynamic entries are cleared.
Filters
This menu provides access to two MAC filter screens:
•
•
MAC filter configuration
MAC filter summary
MAC filter configuration
Use this panel to add a static MAC filter entry for a MAC address and VLAN pair, update existing
filter information, or delete one or more configured filters.
MAC Filter
This is the list of MAC address and VLAN ID pairings for all configured filters. To
change the port mask(s) for an existing filter, select the entry you want to change.
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To add a new filter, select Create Filter from the top of the list. Up to 48 static MAC
filters may be created.
MAC Address
The MAC address of the filter in the format 00-01-1A-B2-53-4D. You can only
change this field when you have selected the Create Filter option.
You cannot define filters for these MAC addresses:
•
•
•
•
00-00-00-00-00-00
01-80-C2-00-00-00 to 01-80-C2-00-00-0F
01-80-C2-00-00-20 to 01-80-C2-00-00-21
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
VLAN ID
The VLAN ID used with the MAC address to fully identify packets you want
filtered. You can only change this field when you have selected the Create Filter
option and you can only select a configured VLAN.
Destination Port Mask
Select the ports you want included in the filter from the pull-down menu. Packets
with the MAC address and VLAN ID you selected will only be transmitted out of
ports that are in the list.
Click the Delete button to remove the currently selected filter.
Click the Delete All button to remove all configured filters.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on the screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
MAC filter summary
This panel displays the Static MAC filtering information.
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MAC Address
VLAN ID
The MAC address of the filter in the format 00-01-1A-B2-53-4D.
The VLAN ID associated with the filter.
Destination Port Members
A list of the ports to which packets with the MAC address and VLAN ID may be
forwarded.
GARP
This menu provides access to the Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) summary and
configuration panels. Menu options are:
•
•
•
Status
Switch configuration
Port configuration
Status
This screen shows the GARP Status for the switch and for the individual ports. Note that the timers
are only relevant when the status for a port shows as Enabled.
Switch GVRP
Indicates whether the GVRP administrative mode for this switch is Enabled or Disabled.
The factory default is Disabled.
Switch GMRP
Indicates whether the GMRP administrative mode for this switch is Enabled or Disabled.
The factory default is Disabled.
Port Indicates which port is associated with the fields on this line.
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Port GVRP Mode
Indicates whether the GVRP administrative mode for the port is Enabled or Disabled. The
factory default is Disabled.
Port GMRP Mode
Indicates whether the GMRP administrative mode for the port is Enabled or Disabled. The
factory default is Disabled.
Join Timer (centisecs)
Specifies the time between the transmission of GARP PDUs registering (or re-registering)
membership for a VLAN or multicast group in centiseconds. An instance of this timer exists
for each GARP participant for each port. Permissible values are 10 to 100 centiseconds (0.1
to 1.0 seconds). The factory default is 20 centiseconds (0.2 seconds).
Leave Timer (centisecs)
Specifies the time to wait after receiving an unregister request for a VLAN or multicast
group before deleting the associated entry, in centiseconds. This allows time for another
station to assert registration for the same attribute in order to maintain uninterrupted service.
An instance of this timer exists for each GARP participant for each port. Permissible values
are 20 to 600 centiseconds (0.2 to 6.0 seconds). The factory default is 60 centiseconds (0.6
seconds).
Leave All Timer (centisecs)
This Leave All Time controls how frequently LeaveAll PDUs are generated. A LeaveAll
PDU indicates that all registrations will shortly be deregistered. Participants will need to
rejoin in order to maintain registration. An instance of this timer exists for each GARP
participant for each port. The Leave All Period Timer is set to a random value in the range of
LeaveAllTime to 1.5*LeaveAllTime. Permissible values are 200 to 6000 centiseconds (2 to
60 seconds). The factory default is 1000 centiseconds (10 seconds).
Switch configuration
Use this panel to Enable or Disable GVRP and GMRP for this switch. Note: It can take up to 10
seconds for GARP configuration changes to take effect.
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GVRP Mode
Choose the GVRP administrative mode for the switch by selecting Enable or Disable from
the pull-down menu. The factory default is Disable.
GMRP Mode
Choose the GMRP administrative mode for the switch by selecting Enable or Disable from
the pull-down menu. The factory default is Disable.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values you enter. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Port configuration
Use this panel to specify GARP detail for one or all ports. Note: It can take up to 10 seconds for
GARP configuration changes to take effect.
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Port Select the port you want to configure from the pull-down list, or select all ports.
Port GVRP Mode
Specify the GVRP administrative mode for the port by selecting Enable or Disable from the
pull-down menu. If you select Disable, the protocol will not be active and the Join Time,
Leave Time and Leave All Time will have no effect. The factory default is Disable.
Port GMRP Mode
Specify the GMRP administrative mode for the port by selecting Enable or Disable from the
pull-down menu. If you select Disable, the protocol will not be active, and Join Time, Leave
Time and Leave All Time have no effect. The factory default is Disable.
Join Timer (centisecs)
Specify the time between the transmission of GARP PDUs registering (or re-registering)
membership for a VLAN or multicast group in centiseconds. Enter a number between 10
and 100 (0.1 to 1.0 seconds). The factory default is 20 centiseconds (0.2 seconds). An
instance of this timer exists for each GARP participant for each port.
Leave Timer (centisecs)
Specify the time to wait after receiving an unregister request for a VLAN or multicast group
before deleting the associated entry, in centiseconds. This allows time for another station to
assert registration for the same attribute in order to maintain uninterrupted service. Enter a
number between 20 and 600 (0.2 to 6.0 seconds). The factory default is 60 centiseconds (0.6
seconds). An instance of this timer exists for each GARP participant for each port.
Leave All Timer (centisecs)
The Leave All Timer controls how frequently LeaveAll PDUs are generated. A LeaveAll
PDU indicates that all registrations will shortly be deregistered. Participants will need to
rejoin in order to maintain registration. The Leave All Period Timer is set to a random value
in the range of LeaveAllTime to 1.5*LeaveAllTime. The timer is specified in centiseconds.
Enter a number between 200 and 6000 (2 to 60 seconds). The factory default is 1000
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centiseconds (10 seconds). An instance of this timer exists for each GARP participant for
each port.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values you enter. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
IGMP snooping
This menu provides access to the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping
configuration and status screens. Menu options are:
•
•
Configuration and status
Interface configuration
Configuration and status
Use this menu to configure the parameters for IGMP snooping, which is used to build forwarding
lists for multicast traffic.
Admin Mode
Select the administrative mode for IGMP snooping for the switch from the pull-down menu.
The default is Disable.
Group Membership Interval (secs)
Specify the amount of time you want the switch to wait for a report for a particular group on
a particular interface before it deletes that interface from the group. Enter a value between 1
and 3600 seconds. The default is 260 seconds.
Max Response Time (secs) (Less Than Group Membership Interval)
Specify the amount of time you want the switch to wait after sending a query on an interface
because it did not receive a report for a particular group on that interface. Enter a value
between 1 and 3600 seconds. The default is 10 seconds. The configured value must be less
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than the Group Membership Interval.
Multicast Router Present Expiration Time (secs)
Specify the amount of time you want the switch to wait to receive a query on an interface
before removing it from the list of interfaces with multicast routers attached. Enter a value
between 0 and 3600 seconds. The default is 0 seconds. A value of zero indicates an infinite
timeout, i.e. no expiration.
Multicast Control Frame Count
The number of multicast control frames that are processed by the CPU.
Interfaces Enabled for IGMP Snooping
A list of all the interfaces currently enabled for IGMP snooping.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values you enter. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Interface configuration
Use this panel to specify on which ports to enable IGMP snooping.
Select the Ports to Enable for IGMP Snooping
The multiple select box lists all physical and LAG interfaces. Those interfaces
currently enabled for IGMP snooping are shown as selected. Select all the interfaces
you want enabled and deselect all those you want Disabled.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values you enter. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
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LAG
This menu provides access to the Link Aggregation (LAG) configuration and status screens. Menu
options are:
•
•
Configuration
Status
Configuration
Use this panel to configure a new LAG, assign a name to it and generate a logical port number for it.
The logical port number will be displayed after the LAG has been created.
LAG Name (Create)
Use this pull-down menu to select one of the existing LAGs, or select Create to add a new
one. There can be a maximum of 9 LAGs. This is an alphanumeric string up to 15 characters
in length.
Port Displays the logical port number associated with this LAG Name.
LAG Name
Enter a name for the LAG you are creating. Name is an alphanumeric string of up to 15
characters. You can also use this field to modify the name that was associated with a LAG
when it was created.
Link Trap
Enables or Disables link trap notifications for the specified LAG.
Administrative Mode
This field Enables or Disables the specified LAG(s).
Link Status
Indicates whether the Link is Up or Down.
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STP Mode
Sets the STP mode for the specified LAG(s).
Port Identifies a physical port. To add the port to the LAG select Include from the Participation
column. There can be a maximum of 8 member ports in a LAG.
Participation
For each port specify whether it is to be included as a member of this LAG or not. The
default is exclude. There can be a maximum of 8 ports assigned to a LAG.
Membership Conflicts
Shows ports that are already members of other LAGs. A port may only be a member of one
LAG at a time. If the entry is blank, it is not currently a member of any LAG.
Click the Refresh button to refresh the data on the screen with the present state of the data in the
switch.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values you enter. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Click the Delete button to remove the currently selected LAG. All ports that were members of this
LAG are removed from the LAG and included in the default VLAN. This field will not appear when
a new LAG is being created.
Status
This panel displays an overview of all LAGs on the switch.
LAG
The logical port identifier of the LAG, in the format lag.port.
LAG Name
Admin Mode
The name of this LAG.
The administrative mode. The factory default is Enabled.
Indicates whether the link is Up or Down.
Link State
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STP Mode
The Spanning Tree Protocol Administrative Mode associated with the LAG. The
possible values are:
Disable
Spanning tree is Disabled for this LAG.
Enable
Spanning tree is Enabled for this LAG.
Link Trap
Indicates whether or not a trap will be sent when link status changes. The factory
default is Enabled.
Member Ports
A listing of the ports that are members of this LAG, in port notation. There can be a
maximum of 8 ports assigned to a given LAG.
MFDB
The Multicast Forwarding Database (MFDB) holds the port membership information for all active
multicast address entries. The key for an entry consists of a VLAN ID and MAC address pair.
Entries may contain data for more than one protocol. Options on this menu are:
•
•
•
•
MFDB table
GMRP table
IGMP snooping table
Stats
MFDB table
Use this panel to display entries from the MFDB.
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MAC Address
Enter a MAC address and VLAN pair for which the switch has forwarding and/or
filtering information. The format is two two-digit hexadecimal numbers
representing the VLAN and six two-digit hexadecimal numbers representing the
MAC address, separated by hyphens; for example, 00-01-00-23-45-67-89-AB.
After you have entered a MAC address click the Search button and the data
associated with the address will be displayed. Otherwise, all entries will be
displayed.
Component
Type
The component that is responsible for this entry in the Multicast Forwarding
Database. Possible values are IGMP Snooping, GMRP, and Static Filtering.
This displays the type of the entry. Static entries are those that are configured by the
end user. Dynamic entries are added to the table as a result of a learning process or
protocol.
Description
Ports
The text description of this multicast table entry.
The list of interfaces that are designated for forwarding (Fwd:) and filtering (Flt:).
Forwarding Ports
The forwarding list is derived from combining all the component’s forwarding
interfaces and removing the interfaces that are listed as the static filtering interfaces.
Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the latest information.
GMRP table
This panel displays the GMRP entries in the MFDB table.
MAC Address
A MAC address and VLAN pair for which the switch has forwarding and/or
filtering information. The format is two two-digit hexadecimal numbers
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representing the VLAN and six two-digit hexadecimal numbers representing the
MAC address, separated by hyphens; for example, 00-01-00-23-45-67-89-AB.
Type
Displays the type of the entry. Static entries are those that are configured by the end
user. Dynamic entries are added to the table as a result of a learning process or
protocol.
Description
Ports
The text description of this multicast table entry. Possible values are Management
Configured, Network Configured and Network Assisted.
The list of interfaces that are designated for forwarding (Fwd:) and filtering (Flt:).
Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the latest information.
IGMP snooping table
This panel displays the IGMP snooping entries in the MFDB.
MAC Address
A MAC address and VLAN pair for which the switch has forwarding and/or
filtering information. The format is two two-digit hexadecimal numbers
representing the VLAN and six two-digit hexadecimal numbers representing the
MAC address, separated by hyphens; for example, 00-01-00-23-45-67-89-AB.
Type
Displays the type of the entry. Static entries are those that are configured by the end
user. Dynamic entries are added to the table as a result of a learning process or
protocol.
Description
Ports
The text description of this multicast table entry. Possible values are Management
Configured, Network Configured and Network Assisted.
The list of interfaces that are designated for forwarding (Fwd:) and filtering (Flt:).
Click the Clear Entries button to tell the IGMP Snooping component to delete all of its entries from
the multicast forwarding database.
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Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the latest information.
Stats
This panel displays the MFDB statistics.
Max MFDB Table Entries
Displays the total number of entries possible in the MFDB table.
Most MFDB Entries Since Last Reset
Displays the largest number of entries that have been present in the MFDB table
since last reset. This value is also known as the MFDB high-water mark.
Current Entries
Displays the current number of entries in the MFDB table.
Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the latest information.
Spanning tree
This menu provides access to spanning tree-related configuration and status screens. Menu options
are:
•
•
•
•
Switch configuration/status
CST configuration/status
CST port configuration/status
Statistics
Switch configuration/status
Use this panel to configure the spanning tree parameters for the switch.
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Spanning Tree Admin Mode
Select Enable or Disable from the pull-down menu to specify whether spanning tree
operation is Enabled on the switch.
Force Protocol Version
Specify the version of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) you want the switch to use.
The options are IEEE 802.1D (standard) and IEEE 802.1w (Rapid
Reconfiguration).
Configuration Digest Key
A derived value identifying the configuration.
Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the most recent data.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform
a save.
Common Spanning Tree (CST) configuration/status
Use this panel to configure or display the bridge parameters for the Spanning Tree Algorithm.
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Bridge Priority
Specifies the bridge priority. The value may be between 0 and 61440. It is set in
multiples of 4096. For example, if you enter any value between 0 and 4095, it will
be set to 0. If you enter any value between 4096 and (2*4096-1) it will be set to
4096. The default priority is 32768.
Bridge Max Age (secs)
Specifies the bridge maximum age timeout value. The value may be between 1 and
40, and should be less than or equal to ((2 * Bridge Forward Delay) - 1) and greater
than or equal to (2 * (Bridge Hello Time +1)). The default value is 15.
Bridge Hello Time (secs)
Specifies the bridge hello timeout value, with the value being less than or equal to
((Bridge Max Age / 2) - 1). The default hello time value is 2.
Bridge Forward Delay (secs)
Specifies the time the bridge will spend in Listening and Learning mode before
starting to forward packets. Bridge Forward Delay must be greater than or equal to
((Bridge Max Age / 2) + 1). The time range is from 4 seconds to 30 seconds and the
default value is 15.
Bridge Identifier
The bridge identifier. The bridge priority is concatenated with the base MAC
address of the bridge to create the identifier.
Time Since Topology Change
The time in seconds since the spanning tree topology last changed.
Topology Change Count
Number of times the spanning tree topology has changed.
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Topology Change
The value of the topology change parameter for the switch indicating if a topology
change is in progress on any port on the bridge. It takes a value if True or False.
Designated Root
The bridge identifier of the root bridge.
Root Path Cost
Path Cost to the Designated Root for this bridge instance.
Port to access the Designated Root.
Root Port
Max Age (secs)
Path Cost to the Designated Root for this bridge instance.
Forward Delay (secs)
Derived value of the Root Port Bridge Forward Delay parameter.
Hold Time (secs)
Minimum time between transmission of Configuration BPDUs.
CST Regional Root
Priority and base MAC address of the Common Spanning Tree Regional Root.
CST Path Cost
Path Cost to the CST tree Regional Root.
Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the most recent data.
Click the Apply button to update the switch with the values on this screen. If you want the switch to
retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
CST port configuration/status
Use this panel to configure a particular port within the CST.
Port
Select one of the physical or LAG interfaces from the pull-down menu.
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Port Priority Specify the priority for the selected port. The port priority is set in multiples of 16,
and the range is 0 to 240.
Admin Edge Port
Select Enable to specify the port as an Edge Port within the CST. Disable is the
default.
Port Path Cost
Set the Path Cost to a new value for the specified port. The range is 1 to 200000000.
Auto-calculate Port Path Cost
Displays whether the path cost is automatically calculated (Enabled) or not
(Disabled). Path cost will be calculated based on the link speed of the port if the
configured value for Port Path Cost is zero.
Port ID
The port identifier for the specified port. It is created by concatenating the port
priority with the interface number of the port.
Port Up Time Since Counters Last Cleared
Time since the counters were last cleared, displayed in Days, Hours, Minutes, and
Seconds.
Port Mode
STP Administrative Mode associated with the port or LAG. The possible values are
Enable or Disable.
Port Forwarding State
The Forwarding State of this port.
Port Role
Each Enabled bridge port is assigned a Port Role within the spanning tree. The port
role will be one of the following values: Root Port, Designated Port, Alternate Port,
Backup Port, Master Port or Disabled Port.
Designated Root
Root Bridge for the spanning tree.
Designated Cost
Path Cost offered to the LAN by the Designated Port.
Designated Bridge
Bridge Identifier of the bridge with the Designated Port.
Designated Port
Port Identifier on the Designated Bridge that offers the lowest cost to the LAN.
Topology Change Acknowledge
Identifies whether the next BPDU to be transmitted for this port would have the
topology change acknowledgement flag set. It is either True or False.
Hello Time (secs)
Configured value of the hello timer.
Edge Port
Indicates whether the port is Enabled as an edge port. It takes the value Enabled or
Disabled.
Point-to-point MAC
Derived value of the point-to-point status.
CST Regional Root
Bridge Identifier of the CST Regional Root. It is made up using the bridge priority
and the base MAC address of the bridge.
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CST Path Cost
Path Cost to the CST Regional Root.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform
a save.
Click the Force button to force the port to send out 802.1w BPDUs.
Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the most recent data.
Statistics
This panel displays BPDU statistics for the selected port.
Port
Select the port for which information is to be displayed.
STP BPDUs Received
Number of STP BPDUs received at the selected port.
STP BPDUs Transmitted
Number of STP BPDUs transmitted from the selected port.
RSTP BPDUs Received
Number of Rapid Reconfiguration BPDUs received at the selected port.
RSTP BPDUs. Transmitted
Number of Rapid Reconfiguration BPDUs transmitted from the selected port.
Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the most recent data.
Class of service
This menu contains one option – 802.1p priority mapping.
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802.1p priority mapping
Use this panel to specify how IEEE 802.1p priority classes are to be mapped to the switch’s internal
traffic classes.
User Priority
The 802.1p user priority to be mapped.
Traffic Class
Use the pull-down menus to select the internal traffic class for each user priority.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform
a save.
Security
This menu describes the web menus used to configure and manage the security features of the Intel®
Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E. These features include:
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•
•
•
Port access control
RADIUS
Secure HTTP
Secure shell
Port access control
The Port Access Control menu provides access to configuration, status and summary screens:
•
Configuration
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Port configuration
Port status
Port summary
Statistics
Login
Port access privileges
Port access summary
Configuration
Use this panel to enable or disable authentication support on the switch. In disabled mode, the IEEE
802.1X configuration is retained and can be changed, but it is not activated.
Administrative Mode
Lists the two options for administrative mode: Enable and Disable. The default
value is Disable.
Click the Cancel button to reset the page to display the administrative mode that is currently
configured by the selected unit.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform
a save.
Port configuration
Use this panel to begin the initialization or the reauthentication sequence on the selected port.
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Port
Select the port to be configured. When the selection is changed, a screen refresh will
occur causing all fields to be updated for the newly selected port. All physical
interfaces are valid.
Control Mode
Lists the options for control mode. The control mode is only set if the port is in Link
Up status. The options are:
Force Unauthorized
The authenticator Port Access Entity (PAE) unconditionally sets the
controlled port to unauthorized.
Force Authorized
The authenticator PAE unconditionally sets the controlled port to
authorized mode.
Auto The authenticator PAE sets the controlled port mode to reflect the result of
the authentication exchanges between the supplicant, authenticator and
authentication server.
Quiet Period (secs)
Configures the quiet period for the selected port. This command sets the value, in
seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state machine on this port to define
periods of time during which it will not attempt to acquire a supplicant. The quiet
period is the period for which the authenticator does not attempt to acquire a
supplicant after a failed authentication exchange with the supplicant. The quiet
period range is 0 to 65535. A quiet period value of 0 means that the authenticator
state machine will never acquire a supplicant. The default value is 60.
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Transmit Period (secs)
Configures the transmit period for the selected port. The transmit period is the
value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state machine on the
specified port to determine when to send an Extensible Authentication Protocol
Over LAN (EAPOL) EAP Request/Identity frame to the supplicant. The transmit
period range is 1 to 65535. The default value is 30.
Supplicant Timeout (secs)
Specify the supplicant timeout for the selected port. The supplicant timeout is the
value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state machine on this port to
timeout the supplicant. The supplicant timeout range is 1 to 65535. The default
value is 30. Changing the value will not change the configuration until the Apply
button is clicked.
Server Timeout (secs)
Specify the server timeout for the selected port. The server timeout is the value, in
seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator on this port to timeout the
authentication server. The server timeout range is 1 to 65535. The default value is
30.
Maximum Requests
Specify the maximum requests for the selected port. The maximum requests value
is the maximum number of times the authenticator state machine on this port will
retransmit an EAPOL EAP Request/Identity before timing out the supplicant. The
maximum requests range is 1 to 10. The default value is 2.
Reauthentication Period (secs)
Specify the reauthentication period for the selected port. The reauthentication
period is the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state machine
on this port to determine when reauthentication of the supplicant takes place. The
reauthentication period range is 1 to 65535. The default value is 3600.
Reauthentication Enabled
Enable or Disable the reauthentication of the supplicant for the specified port. If the
value true is selected reauthentication will occur. Otherwise, reauthentication will
not be allowed. The default value is false.
Click the Initialize button to begin the initialization sequence on the selected port. This button is
only selectable if the control mode is auto. If the button is not selectable, it will be grayed out. Once
you click this button the action is immediate and you will not need to press the Apply button for the
action to occur.
Click the Reauthenticate button to begin the reauthentication sequence on the selected port. This
button is only selectable if the control mode is auto. If the button is not selectable, it will be grayed
out. Once you click this button the action is immediate and you will not need to press the Apply
button for the action to occur.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform
a save.
Port status
This panel displays the details of the IEEE 802.1X configuration parameters for the specified port.
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Port
Select the port whose information will be displayed. When the selection is changed,
a screen refresh will occur causing all fields to be updated for the newly selected
port. All physical interfaces are valid.
Control Mode
Displays the configured control mode for the specified port. Options are:
force unauthorized
The authenticator port access entity (PAE) unconditionally sets the
controlled port to unauthorized.
force authorized
The authenticator PAE unconditionally sets the controlled port(s) to
authorized mode.
auto The authenticator PAE sets the controlled port(s) mode to reflect the result
of the authentication exchanges between the supplicant, authenticator and
authentication server.
Quiet Period (secs)
This field displays the configured quiet period for the selected port. This quiet
period is the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state machine
on this port to define periods of time in which it will not attempt to acquire a
supplicant. The quiet period is the period for which the authenticator does not
attempt to acquire a supplicant after a failed authentication exchange with the
supplicant. The quiet period range is 0 to 65535.
Transmit Period (secs)
Displays the configured transmit period for the selected port. The transmit period is
the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state machine on the
specified port to determine when to send an EAPOL EAP Request/Identity frame to
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the supplicant. The transmit period range is 1 to 65535.
Supplicant Timeout (secs)
Displays the configured supplicant timeout for the selected port. The supplicant
timeout is the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state machine
on this port to timeout the supplicant. The supplicant timeout range is 1 to 65535.
Server Timeout (secs)
Displays the configured server timeout for the selected port. The server timeout is
the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator on this port to timeout
the authentication server. The server timeout range is 1 to 65535.
Maximum Requests
Displays the configured maximum requests for the selected port. The maximum
requests value is the maximum number of times the authenticator state machine on
this port will retransmit an EAPOL EAP Request/Identity before timing out the
supplicant. The maximum requests value range is 1 to 10.
Reauthentication Period (secs)
Displays the configured reauthentication period for the selected port. The
reauthentication period is the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the
authenticator state machine on this port to determine when reauthentication of the
supplicant takes place. The reauthentication period value range is 1 to 65535.
Reauthentication Enabled
Indicates whether reauthentication is enabled on the selected port. If you select the
value true reauthentication will occur. Otherwise, reauthentication will not be
allowed.
Control Direction
Displays the control direction for the specified port. The control direction dictates
the degree to which protocol exchanges take place between supplicant and
authenticator. This affects whether the controlled port exerts control over
communication in both directions (disabling both incoming and outgoing frames) or
just incoming (disabling only the reception of incoming frames). This field is not
configurable on some platforms.
Protocol Version
Displays the protocol version associated with the selected port. The only possible
value is 1, corresponding to the first version of the IEE 802.1X specification.
PAE Capabilities
Displays the PAE functionality of the selected port. Possible values are
Authenticator or Supplicant.
Authenticator PAE State
Displays the current state of the authenticator PAE state machine. Possible values
are:
•
•
•
•
•
Initialize
Disconnected
Connecting
Authenticating
Authenticated
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•
•
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•
Aborting
Held
Force Authorized
Force Unauthorized
Backend State
Displays the current state of the backend authentication state machine. Possible
values are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Request
Response
Success
Fail
Timeout
Initialize
Idle
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Port summary
This panel displays a summary of the IEEE 802.1X configuration parameters for all switch ports.
Port
The port whose settings are displayed in the associated table row.
Displays the configured control mode for the port. Possible values are:
Control Mode
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Force Unauthorized
The authenticator port access entity (PAE) unconditionally sets the
controlled port to unauthorized.
Force Authorized
The authenticator PAE unconditionally sets the controlled port(s) to
authorized mode.
Auto The authenticator PAE sets the controlled port(s) mode to reflect the result
of the authentication exchanges between the supplicant, authenticator and
authentication server.
Operating Control Mode
Displays the control mode under which the port is actually operating. Possible
values are:
Force Unauthorized
The authenticator PAE unconditionally sets the controlled port to
unauthorized.
Force Authorized
The authenticator PAE unconditionally sets the controlled port(s) to
authorized mode.
Auto The authenticator PAE sets the controlled port(s) mode to reflect the result
of the authentication exchanges between the supplicant, authenticator and
authentication server.
Reauthentication Enabled
Displays whether reauthentication of the supplicant for the specified port is
allowed. The possible values are true and false. If the value is true reauthentication
will occur. Otherwise, reauthentication will not be allowed.
Key Transmission Enabled
Displays whether key transmission is enabled on the selected port. The possible
values are true and false. If the value is true, keys will be transmitted to the
supplicant. Otherwise, keys will not be transmitted.
Port Status
Displays the authorization status of the specified port. The possible values are
Authorized and Unauthorized.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Statistics
This panel displays the IEEE 802.1X statistics for the specified port.
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Port
Select the port whose information is to be displayed. When the selection is changed,
a screen refresh occurs causing all fields to be updated for the newly selected port.
All physical interfaces are valid.
EAPOL Frames Received
The number of valid EAPOL frames of any type that have been received by this
authenticator.
EAPOL Frames Transmitted
The number of EAPOL frames of any type that have been transmitted by this
authenticator.
EAPOL Start Frames Received
The number of EAPOL start frames that have been received by this authenticator.
EAPOL Logoff Frames Received
The number of EAPOL logoff frames that have been received by this authenticator.
Last EAPOL Frame Version
The protocol version number carried in the most recently received EAPOL frame.
Last EAPOL Frame Source
The source MAC address carried in the most recently received EAPOL frame.
EAP Response/ID Frames Received
The number of EAP response/identity frames that have been received by this
authenticator.
EAP Response Frames Received
The number of valid EAP response frames (other than response/identity frames)
that have been received by this authenticator.
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EAP Request/ID Frames Transmitted
The number of EAP request/identity frames that have been transmitted by this
authenticator.
EAP Request Frames Transmitted
The number of EAP request frames (other than request/identity frames) that have
been transmitted by this authenticator.
Invalid EAPOL Frames Received
The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this authenticator with an
invalid length.
EAP Length Error Frames Received
The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this authenticator in
which the frame type is not recognized.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Click the Clear All button to reset all statistics for all ports to 0. There is no confirmation prompt.
When this button is clicked, the statistics are immediately cleared.
Click the Clear button to reset the statistics for the selected port. There is no confirmation prompt.
When this button is clicked, the statistics are immediately cleared.
Login
Use this panel to assign a selected authentication login list to a selected user for port security. Both
user and the login list must already be configured.
Users
Login
Select the user name to be configured.
Selects the login list to be associated with the selected user. All configured login
lists are displayed.
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Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch.
Port access privileges
Use this panel to add the specified user to the list of users with access to the specified port(s). By
default, a user is given access to all ports.
Port
Select a port from the pull-down menu. All physical ports are available for this
selection.
Users
Select the users that may have access to the selected port or ports.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch.
Port access summary
This panel displays IEEE 802.1X port security information about locally configured users.
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Port
The port whose information is displayed on this line.
Users
The locally configured users with access to the specified port.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
RADIUS
The Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) menu provides access to the following
panels:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Configuration
Server configuration
RADIUS statistics
Server statistics
Accounting server configuration
Accounting server statistics
Clear statistics
Configuration
Use this panel to configure RADIUS parameters for the switch.
Consideration should be given to the maximum delay time when configuring RADIUS maximum
retransmit and timeout values. If multiple RADIUS servers are configured, the maximum retransmit
value on each is exhausted before the next server is attempted. A retransmit does not occur until the
configured timeout value on that server has passed without a response. Therefore, the maximum
delay in receiving a response from the RADIUS application equals the sum of maximum retransmit
times the timeout for all configured servers. If the RADIUS request was generated by a user login
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attempt, all user interfaces are blocked until the RADIUS application returns a response.
Current Server IP Address
The IP address of the current server. This field is blank if no servers are configured.
Number of Configured Servers
The number of RADIUS servers that have been configured. The range for this value
is 0 to 3.
Max Number of Retransmits
The value of the maximum number of times a request packet is retransmitted. The
valid range is 1 - 15.
Timeout Duration (secs)
The timeout value, in seconds, for request retransmissions. The valid range is 1 - 30.
Accounting Mode
Select whether the RADIUS accounting mode is Enabled or Disabled.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch.
Server configuration
Use this panel to configure the IP address of a RADIUS server. Up to three servers can be
configured for each RADIUS client.
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RADIUS Server IP Address
Select the RADIUS Server to be configured. Select Add to add a new server.
Port The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port used by this server. The valid range is 0 - 65535.
Secret
The shared secret for this server. The data entered in this field will not be displayed.
Apply
The Secret is applied only if this box is checked. If the box is not checked, anything entered
in the Secret field has no affect and is not retained. This field is only displayed if the user
has Read/Write access.
Primary Server
Sets the selected server to be the Primary or Secondary server.
Message Authenticator
Enable or Disable the message authenticator attribute for the selected server.
Secret Configured
Indicates whether the shared secret for this server has been configured.
Current
Indicates whether this server is currently in use as the authentication server.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform
a save.
Click the Remove button to remove the selected server from the configuration. This button is only
available to Read/Write users. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle
you must perform a save.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
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RADIUS statistics
This panel displays RADIUS statistics for the switch that are not associated with a specific server or
accounting server.
Invalid Server Addresses
The number of RADIUS Access-Response packets received from unknown
addresses.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Server statistics
This panel displays the statistics for a configured RADIUS server.
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RADIUS Server IP Address
Select the IP address of the server whose information is to be displayed.
Round Trip Time (secs)
The time, in seconds, between the most recent RADIUS Access-Reply/Access-
Challenge and the matching Access-Request from this RADIUS server.
Access Requests
The number of RADIUS Access-Request packets sent to this server, not including
retransmissions.
Access Retransmissions
The number of RADIUS Access-Request packets retransmitted to this server.
Access Accepts
Access Rejects
The number of RADIUS Access-Accept packets, both valid and invalid, received
from this server.
The number of RADIUS Access-Reject packets, both valid and invalid, received
from this server.
Access Challenges
The number of RADIUS Access-Challenge packets, both valid and invalid,
received from this server.
Malformed Access Responses
The number of malformed RADIUS Access-Response packets received from this
server, including packets with invalid length but not including packets with bad
authenticators, bad signature attributes or unknown types.
Bad Authenticators
The number of RADIUS Access-Response packets received from this server,
including packets with invalid authenticators or signature attributes.
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Pending Requests
The number of RADIUS Access-Request packets sent to this server that have not
yet timed out or received a response.
Timeouts
The number of RADIUS packets sent to this server that have timed out.
Unknown Types
The number of RADIUS packets of unknown type received from this server.
Packets Dropped
The number of RADIUS packets received from this server dropped for a reason not
otherwise included in this list.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Accounting server configuration
Use this panel to configure the IP address of the accounting server. Only a single accounting server
can be configured.
Accounting Server IP Address
Select Add to configure an accounting server or the address of an already
configured server.
Port
Specifies the UDP Port to be used by the accounting server. The valid range is 0 -
65535. If the user has Read-only access, the value is displayed but cannot be
changed.
Secret
Apply
Specifies the shared secret to use with the specified accounting server. This field is
only displayed if the user has Read/Write access.
The Secret is applied only if this box is checked. If the box is not checked, anything
entered in the Secret field has no affect and is not retained. This field is only
displayed if the user has Read/Write access.
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Secret Configured
Indicates whether the shared secret for this accounting server has been configured.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform
a save.
Click the Remove button to remove the selected accounting server from the configuration. This
button is only available to Read/Write users. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a
power cycle you must perform a save.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Accounting server statistics
This panel displays the RADIUS statistics for the accounting server.
Accounting Server IP Address
Identifies the accounting server associated with the statistics.
Round Trip Time (secs)
Displays the time interval, in hundredths of a second, between the most recent Accounting-
Response and the Accounting-Request that matched it from this RADIUS accounting
server.
Accounting Requests
Displays the number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets sent not including
retransmissions.
Accounting Retransmissions
Displays the number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets retransmitted to this
RADIUS accounting server.
Accounting Responses
Displays the number of RADIUS packets received on the accounting port from this server.
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Malformed Accounting Responses
Displays the number of malformed RADIUS Accounting-Response packets received from
this server. Malformed packets include packets with an invalid length. Bad authenticators
and unknown types are not included as malformed accounting responses.
Bad Authenticators
Displays the number of RADIUS Accounting-Response packets that contained invalid
authenticators received from this accounting server.
Pending Requests
Displays the number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets sent to this server that have
not yet timed out or received a response.
Timeouts
Displays the number of accounting timeouts involving this server.
Unknown Types
Displays the number of RADIUS packets of unknown type that were received from this
server on the accounting port.
Packets Dropped
Displays the number of RADIUS packets that were received from this server on the
accounting port and dropped for some other reason.
Click the Refresh button to update the information on the page.
Clear statistics
Use this panel to reset all RADIUS statistics for the switch. Click the Clear button to clear the
accounting server, authentication server and RADIUS statistics.
Secure HTTP
The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption protocol provides a means of abstracting an encrypted
connection between two stations, allowing HTTP to operate securely on an open network. This
menu provides access to the Secure HTTP configuration panel.
Configuration
Use this panel to configure Secure HTTP variables.
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HTTPS Admin Mode
Select Enable or Disable to turn the Administrative Mode of Secure HTTP on or off. The
currently configured value is shown when the web page is displayed. The default value is
Disable.
TLS Version 1
Select Enable or Disable to turn Transport Layer Security (TLS) Version 1.0 on or off. The
currently configured value is shown when the web page is displayed. This field cannot be
changed while HTTPS Admin Mode is enabled. The default value is Enable.
SSL Version 3
Select Enable or Disable to turn SSL Version 3.0 on or off. The currently configured value is
shown when the web page is displayed. This field cannot be changed while HTTPS Admin
Mode is enabled. The default value is Enable.
HTTPS Port
Specify the HTTPS Port Number. The value must be in the range of 1 to 65535. Port 443 is
the default value. The currently configured value is shown when the web page is displayed.
Click the Download Certificates button to link to the File Transfer page to download SSL
Certificate(s). Download is through the System Utilities menu.
/ NOTE
To download SSL Certificate files SSL must be administratively Disabled.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and have the changes take effect on
the switch If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a
save.
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Secure Shell
Secure Shell (SSH) is the standard encryption protocol used to provide a secure interactive login
over a network. This Secure Shell menu provides access to the SSH configuration panel.
Configuration
Use this panel to configure SSH variables.
Admin Mode
Select Enable or Disable to turn the Administrative Mode of SSH on or off. The currently
configured value is shown when the web page is displayed. The default value is Disable.
SSH Version 1
Select Enable or Disable to turn Protocol Level 1 for SSH on or off. The currently
configured value is shown when the web page is displayed. The default value is Enable.
Either SSH Version 1 or Version 2 must be Enabled at all times.
SSH Version 2
Select Enable or Disable to turn Protocol Level 2 for SSH on or off. The currently
configured value is shown when the web page is displayed. The default value is Enable.
Either SSH Version 1 or Version 2 must be Enabled at all times.
SSH Connections in Use
Displays the number of SSH connections currently in use in the system.
Click the Download Host Keys button to link to the File Transfer page to download the Host Key(s).
/ NOTE
To download SSH key files SSH must be administratively Disabled and there can be no active
SSH sessions
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Click the Submit button to send the updated screen to the switch and have the changes take effect on
the switch If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a
save.
Click the Refresh button to display the current page with the latest settings and status.
QoS
This menu provides access to two Quality of Service (QoS) menus:
•
•
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
Bandwidth provisioning
Access Control Lists
An Access Control List (ACL) consists of a set of rules which are matched sequentially against a
packet. When a packet meets the match criteria of a rule, the specified rule action (Permit/Deny) is
taken and the additional rules are not checked for a match. You can specify the interfaces to which
an ACL applies using the Configuration screen. You specify the rules for the ACL using the ACL
Rule Configuration screen. ACL menu options are:
•
•
•
Configuration
Summary
Rule configuration
Configuration
Use this panel to create an ACL.
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ACL Make a selection from the pull-down menu. You may create a new ACL or update the
configuration of an existing ACL.
ACL ID
ACL ID must be a whole number between 1 and 100.
Ports
This dynamic multi-selector lists all available valid interfaces for ACL mapping. All non-
routing physical interfaces and interfaces participating in LAGs that are not already
assigned to an ACL are listed. You can map an interface to one and only one ACL, but
multiple interfaces can be assigned to one ACL.
Direction
Select the packet filtering direction for the ACL from the pull-down menu. Currently the
only choice is Inbound. The packet direction for a given ACL is the same for all affected
interfaces.
Table
Displays the current and maximum number of ACLs.
Current Size/Max Size
Displays the number of existing ACLs and the maximum number of configurable ACLs.
Click the Apply button to send the updated configuration to the switch. Configuration changes take
effect immediately. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must
perform a save.
Click the Delete button to remove the currently selected ACL from the switch configuration.
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Summary
This panel displays a summary of all ACLs on the switch.
ACL
The ACL identifier.
Rules
The number of rules that are associated with this ACL.
The interfaces that are associated with this ACL.
The packet filtering direction for the ACL on the interface.
Ports
Direction
Click the Refresh button to update the screen with the latest information.
Rule configuration
This panel configures the rules associated with an ACL When the screen first displays you will see
the first four fields described below. If you select False as the Match Entry criteria and click Apply,
the screen will be refreshed and you will see the remaining fields. Clicking one of the configure
buttons shown on that screen will display a third screen allowing you to configure the match
criterion you selected.
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ACL
Rule
Use the pull-down menu to select the ACL for which you want to create or update a
rule.
Enter a whole number in the range of 1 to 10 that will be used to identify the rule.
An ACL may have up to 10 user-specified rules.
Action
Specify what action should be taken if a packet matches the rule’s criteria. Permit
means that matching traffic will be accepted, Deny means that it will be excluded.
Match Every Select True or False from the pull-down menu. If you select true you are specifying
that all packets will match the selected ACL and Rule and will be either permitted
or denied. In this case, since all packets match the rule, you will not be offered the
option of configuring other match criteria. To configure specific match criteria for
the rule, remove the rule and re-create it, or re-configure Match Every to False for
the other match criteria to be visible. Click the Apply button to save your choice and
return to the main screen, or click the Cancel button to exit without saving a change.
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Protocol Keyword
Specify that a packet’s IP protocol is a match condition for the selected ACL rule. If
you click Configure on this line you will be shown a new screen where you can
select the protocol to be used as the match condition. The possible values are ICMP,
IGMP, IP, TCP, and UDP. Either the Protocol Keyword field or the Protocol Number
field can be used to specify an IP protocol value as a match criterion.
Protocol Number
Specify that a packet’s IP protocol is a match condition for the selected ACL rule
and identify the protocol by number. If you click Configure on this line you will be
shown a new screen where you can select the protocol to be used as the match
condition. The protocol number is a standard value assigned by IANA and is
interpreted as an integer from 1 to 255. Either the Protocol Number field or the
Protocol Keyword field can be used to specify an IP protocol value as a match
criterion.
Source IP Address
Specify that a packet’s source IP address is a match condition for the selected ACL
rule. If you click Configure on this line you will be shown a new screen where you
can select the IP address and mask to be used as the match condition. On that screen
you can enter an IP address using dotted-decimal notation.
Destination IP Address
Enter an IP address using dotted-decimal notation to be compared to a packet's
destination IP address as a match criteria for the selected ACL rule.
Source IP Mask
Enter the IP Mask in dotted-decimal notation to be used with the Source IP address
value.
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Source L4 Port Keyword
Specify that a packet’s source Layer 4 port is a match condition for the selected
ACL rule. If you click Configure on this line you will be shown a new screen where
you can select the port to be used as the match condition. The possible values are
domain, echo, FTP, ftpdata, HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, Telnet, TFTP, and www. Each of
these values translates into its equivalent port number, which is used as both the
start and end of the port range.
Source L4 Port Number
Specify a packet’s source Layer 4 port number as a match condition for the selected
ACL rule.
Destination L4 Port Keyword
Specify that a packet’s destination Layer 4 port is a match condition for the selected
ACL rule. If you click Configure on this line you will be shown a new screen where
you can select the protocol to be used as the match condition. The possible values
are domain, echo, FTP, ftpdata, HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, Telnet, TFTP, and www. Each
of these values translates into its equivalent port number, which is used as both the
start and end of the port range.
Destination L4 Port Number
Specify a packet’s destination Layer 4 port number match condition for the selected
ACL rule.
Click the Configure button to configure the corresponding match criteria for the selected rule.
Click the Delete button to remove the currently selected Rule from the selected ACL. If you want
the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform a save.
Bandwidth provisioning
This menu provides access to the following bandwidth provisioning configuration and summary
screens:
•
•
•
•
•
Bandwidth profile configuration
Bandwidth profile summary
Traffic class configuration
Traffic class summary
Interface allocation summary
Bandwidth profile configuration
Use this panel to create a bandwidth allocation profile.
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Bandwidth Profile
Select Create from the pull-down menu to configure a new bandwidth profile, or select one
of the existing profiles to display and update its configuration. Bandwidth profile 1, named
default, always exists and you cannot change or delete it.
Name
Enter the name you want to give to the bandwidth profile. You may enter up to 15 alpha-
numeric characters and may include the underscore _ or the dash -. You cannot change the
name after the initial configuration.
Maximum Bandwidth
Enter the maximum allowable bandwidth for this bandwidth allocation profile.
Click the Apply button to send the updated configuration to the switch. Configuration changes take
effect immediately. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must
perform a save.
Click the Delete button to delete the selected bandwidth allocation profile from the system.
Bandwidth profile summary
This panel displays the bandwidth allocation information for all bandwidth profiles on the switch.
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Bandwidth Profile
Displays the number associated with the bandwidth profile.
Displays the name of the bandwidth profile.
Allocated Minimum Bandwidth
Displays the sum of the minimum guaranteed bandwidth for all bandwidth profiles
configured on this interface.
Maximum Bandwidth
Name
Displays the sum of the maximum allowable bandwidth for all bandwidth profiles
configured on this interface.
Traffic class configuration
Use this panel to create a traffic class.
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Traffic Class
Select Create from the pull-down menu to configure a new Traffic Class, or select one of the
existing classes to display and update its configuration.
Name
Enter the name to be given to the Traffic Class. You may enter up to 15 alpha-numeric
characters and may include the underscore _ or the dash -. You cannot change the name after
the initial configuration.
Weight
Enter the weight to be assigned to the Traffic Class. The weight must be a decimal number
from 1 to 1024.
Type The only supported type is per VLAN per Interface.
VLAN ID
Enter the ID of the VLAN to be associated with the traffic class. This is a value between 2
and 4094.
Interface
Select the interface to which the Traffic Class will be applied. The pull-down menu contains
the port identification of all interfaces for which a traffic class may be configured.
Bandwidth Profile
Select the Bandwidth Profile for the Traffic Class from the pull-down menu. The list
contains the identification of all Bandwidth Profiles in the form “name-id (min-max
Mbps)”. If you have not configured any Bandwidth Profiles the list will contain only the
default profile. This field associates a bandwidth allocation profile with a Traffic Class. The
sum of the bandwidth allocation profile minimum bandwidth of all Traffic Classes
associated with the same interface should not exceed the total bandwidth of the interface.
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There is no restriction on the sum of the maximum bandwidth of all Traffic Classes
associated with the same interface. When a Traffic Class is attached to a LAG interface, the
bandwidth allocation profile minimum bandwidth parameter will not be applicable to the
Traffic Class.
Click the Apply button to send the updated screen to the switch and cause the changes to take effect
on the switch. If you want the switch to retain the new values across a power cycle you must perform
a save.
Click the Delete button to remove the currently selected Traffic Class.
Traffic class summary
This panel displays the traffic class information for all Traffic Classes in the system.
Traffic Class The number of the Traffic Class whose data is displayed in the rest of the line.
Name
The user-defined name of this Traffic Class.
The weight of this Traffic Class.
Weight
Accept Byte Count
The number of bytes accepted for the Traffic Class.
Type
The only supported type is per VLAN per Interface.
The VLAN ID with which this Traffic Class is associated.
The interface to which the Traffic Class is applied.
VLAN ID
Interface
Bandwidth Profile
The bandwidth allocation profile associated with this Traffic Class in the form
“name-id (min-max Mbps)”. This field is blank when there is no bandwidth
allocation profile associated with this traffic class.
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Interface allocation summary
This panel displays the bandwidth allocated to the listed interfaces. The allocated minimum
bandwidth does not exceed the capability of the interface unless the interface is a LAG.
Interface
The Port designation of an interface for which you have configured one or more
traffic classes.
Nominal Bandwidth (Mbps)
The interface's nominal bandwidth in Mbps. This number is only known for
physical interfaces.
Allocated Minimum Bandwidth (Mbps)
The sum of the minimum guaranteed bandwidth for all traffic classes configured on
this interface.
Allocated Maximum Bandwidth (Mbps)
The sum of the maximum allowable bandwidth for all traffic classes configured on
this interface.
Available Bandwidth (Mbps)
The difference between the Nominal and Allocated Minimum Bandwidths. This
number is only known for physical interfaces.
Logout
When you’re finished and want to exit the program simply close your browser. If you click the
Logout option on the main menu you will get the message, “Please close your browser to logout.”
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6 Updating the Ethernet Switch Software
Two types of software run on the Ethernet switch module: the software image and the Micro-
Controller Unit (MCU) code. You can update both the software image and the code, using either the
switch module's CLI commands through a Telnet session, or by using the switch module's web
interface.
This chapter describes how to:
• determine the software version that is currently installed on the switch module
• obtain the latest version of the switch software and upgrade the switch
• reset the switch module to activate the software upgrade.
Determining the software version
After you install the switch module in your SBCE unit, ensure that the latest software is installed on
the switch module. To determine the version of the software that is installed on the switch module,
complete the following steps:
1. Log on to the management module web interface. (Obtain the IP address of the management
module from your system administrator.) The login window opens.
2. From the Monitors option on the left bar, choose Firmware VPD. The Firmware VPD window
opens.
3. Under the I/O Module Firmware VPD section, locate the I/O module-bay number that displays
the corresponding software version of the Ethernet switch module installed.
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Obtaining the latest version
To determine the latest version of the switch module software, available from Intel, complete the
following steps:
1. Go to http://downloadfinder.intel.com.
2. Enter "IXM5414E" in the download search box and click "Go".
A Results window opens, displaying a list of links to the current software update.
3. Compare the software version that you had noted from the I/O Module Firmware VPD section
with the version of the latest software update. If the two software versions do not match,
download the latest version to a TFTP server .
Upgrading the switch software
You upgrade the switch software using a TFTP server application that runs under the operating
system in your server. Make sure that this software is installed on your server; then, download the
software image or the MCU code from the Intel Web site into a directory on your TFTP server.
Enable the TFTP server and set the directory that contains the image as the default directory.
Upgrading the image using Telnet
To upgrade the switch software using a Telnet session, complete the following steps:
1. Start a Telnet session to connect to the switch module.
2. Enter your user ID and password.
After successful login, the CLI prompt displays.
3. Enter transfer download and press Enter.
4. Enter serverip ipaddress where ipaddress is the IP address of your TFTP server, and press Enter.
5. Enter datatype Code and press Enter.
6. Enter filename IXM54_nnn.opr where nnn is the software sequence number of the new switch
software, and press Enter.
7. Enter start and press Enter to begin the software upgrade process.
8. Review the information on the screen and enter 'y' when prompted to confirm the correctness of
the entries.
Upgrading the MCU code using Telnet
To upgrade the MCU code using a Telnet session, complete the following steps:
1. Start a Telnet session to connect to the switch module.
2. Enter your user ID and password.
After successful login, the CLI prompt displays.
3. Enter transfer download and press Enter.
4. Enter serverip ipaddress where ipaddress is the IP address of your TFTP server, and press Enter.
5. Enter datatype 8051-mcu-code and press Enter.
6. Enter filename IXM54_MCUnnn.hex, where nnn is the software sequence number of the new
switch MCU Code, and press Enter.
7. Enter start and press Enter to begin the software upgrade process.
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8. Review the information on the screen and enter 'y' when prompted to confirm the correctness of
the entries.
After confirmation, the MCU code is transferred to the switch from the TFTP server. After
successful update, the switch module is automatically powered off.
9. To activate the new MCU code, turn on the Ethernet switch module through the management-
module interface (see "Resetting and restarting the Ethernet switch module" Section)
Upgrading the image using web interface
To upgrade the switch software using the web interface, complete the following steps:
1. Log on to the management module web interface.
2. From the I/O Module Tasks menu, click Management / Advanced Management.
3. Click Start Web Session; then, logon to the Ethernet switch module.
4. From the System Utilities menu, click Download File to Switch. The "Download File to Switch"
window opens.
5. Enter the following information in the "Download file to Switch" window.
• In the File type field, select Code from the drop-down list.
• In the TFTP Server IP Address field, enter the IP address of your TFTP server.
• In the TFTP File Name field, enter filename IXM54_nnn.opr where nnn is the software
sequence number of the new switch software.
6. Click Start File Transfer to download the new switch software
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Upgrading the MCU code using web interface
To upgrade the switch MCU code using the Web interface, complete the following steps:
1. Log on to the management module web interface.
2. From the I/O Module Tasks menu, click Management / Advanced Management.
3. Click Start Web Session; then, logon to the Ethernet switch module.
4. From the System Utilities menu, click Download File to Switch. The "Download File to Switch"
window opens.
5. Enter the following information in the "Download file to Switch" window.
• In the File type field, select 8051-MCU-Code from the drop-down list.
• In the TFTP Server IP Address field, enter the IP address of your TFTP server.
• In the TFTP File Name field, enter filename IXM54_MCUnnn.hex where nnn is the software
sequence number of the new switch MCU code.
6. Click Start File Transfer to download the new switch software
After confirmation, the MCU code is transferred to the switch from the TFTP server. After a
successful update, the switch module is then automatically powered off.
7. To activate the new MCU code, turn on the Ethernet switch module through the management-
module interface.
Resetting and restarting the switch module
To activate the new image, you must restart the switch module through the management-module
interface. Complete the following steps to reset the switch module:
1. From the I/O Module Tasks menu, click Management / Advanced Management.
2. Select the I/O-module bay on which the software update is installed.
3. From the I/O Module Tasks menu, click Power/Restart.
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4. Click Power Off Module(s).
5. Select the I/O-module bay on which the software update is installed, again.
6. Click Power On Module(s). Wait 70 seconds for POST to be completed
7. Make sure that the latest switch operating-system software is correctly installed on the Ethernet
switch module. From the Monitors menu, click Firmware VPD. The Firmware VPD window
opens.
8. In the Firmware VPD window, locate the I/O Module Firmware VPD section. Scroll down to the
number of the I/O-module bay that contains the Ethernet switch module that you just installed;
then, note the corresponding level of the software for the switch module. Make sure that the
latest switch operating-system software is correctly installed on the Ethernet switch module.
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7 Command Line Interface Management
Your Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E supports a management interface that
you can use to set up and control your device over the network using the TCP/IP Telnet protocol.
You can use this facility to perform the same network management functions that you can perform
using the Web Interface. You can also use the Telnet interface to configure the switch module for
management using an SNMP-based network management system. This chapter describes how to use
the CLI to access the IXM5414E switch module, change its settings, and monitor its operation.
Important: Before you configure your IXM5414E switch module, be sure that the management
modules in your SBCE unit are properly configured. In addition, to access and manage your switch
module from an external environment, you might need to enable certain features, such as the
external ports and external management over all ports. See the applicable Installation and User’s
Guide publications on the Resource CD for more information.
Command Line Interface (CLI) conventions
The Command Line Interface (CLI) syntax, conventions and terminology are described in this
section. Each CLI command referenced in this document is illustrated using the structure outlined
below.
Format
Some commands, such as show inventory, do not require parameters. Other commands, such as
config lag deleteport, have parameters for which you must supply a value. Parameters are
positional — you must type the values in the correct order. Optional parameters will follow required
parameters. For example:
config vlan mcaststorm <1-4094> <enable/disable> [packets per second]
•
•
•
config vlan mcaststorm is the command name.
<1-4094> <enable/disable> are the required values for the command.
[packets per second] is the optional value for the command.
config lag deleteport <logical port> <port/listofports/all>
•
•
config lag deleteport is the command name.
<logical port> <port/listofports/all> are the required values for the command. Please note that
usually the actual value of the parameter as seen in the CLI, e.g. <1-4094>, is used in the
documentation. In some instances a generic term(s) such as <port/listofports/all> must be used
since listing all possible choices is not possible.
Command name
The following conventions apply to the command name:
•
•
The command name is displayed in this document in bold font and must be typed exactly as
shown.
Once you have entered enough letters of a command name to uniquely identify the command,
hitting the space bar or Tab key will cause the system to complete the word.
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•
Entering Ctrl-Z will return you to the root level command prompt.
Parameters
The following conventions apply to the parameters:
•
•
Parameters are order dependent.
Parameters are displayed in this document in bold italic font, which must be replaced with a
name or number.
•
•
To use spaces as part of a name parameter, enclose it in double quotes, for example, “System
Name with Space”.
Parameters may be required or optional, and may have a list of choices.
— <parameter> The angle brackets indicate that the parameter is required and you must enter
a value in place of the brackets and text.
— [parameter] The square brackets indicate that the parameter is optional and you may choose
to enter a value in place of the brackets and text.
— choice1/choice2 Enter one and only one of the values listed.
Values
Some parameters are used frequently. This section explains the format you should use when
providing values for them.
ipaddr
Enter a valid IP address made up of four decimal digits ranging from 0 to 255. The
default for all IP addresses consists of zeros (that is, 0.0.0.0). The interface IP
address of 0.0.0.0 is invalid. In some cases, you can also enter the IP address as a
32-bit number.
macAddr
port
The MAC address format is six hexadecimal numbers separated by hyphens, for
example 00-06-29-32-81-40.
This is used to identify a physical interface, in the form of bay.port for an I/O
module bay and ext.port for an external port. You enter a name and number
separated by a period, for example:
bay.1
identifies I/O module bay 1
ext.4 identifies external port 4
listofports
This is a comma-delimited list of valid ports, in the form of bay.port,bay.port or
ext.port,ext.port. Port lists must NOT contain spaces and each interface must have
its prefix specified (for example: bay.10,ext.2,bay.1)
logical port
This is used to identify a logical interface – a Link Aggregation Group or a VLAN.
You enter a name and number separated by a period, for example:
lag.3
identifies LAG 3
vlan.2
identifies VLAN 2
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character strings
Use double quotation marks to identify character strings, for example, “System
Name with Spaces”. An empty string (“”) is not valid.
Comments
When you are writing a test or configuration script you may add comments by using the “#”
character to flag the beginning of a comment. The comment flag character can begin a word
anywhere on the command line, and all input following this character will be ignored. Any
command line that begins with the character “#” is recognized as a comment line and is ignored by
the parser.
For example:
#Script file for displaying the ip interface
#Display information about interfaces
show ip interface ext.1 #Displays information about the first external interface
#Display information about the next interface
show ip interface ext.2
#End of the script file
Special characters
Certain special key combinations speed up use of the CLI. They are listed in this section. Also, help
is available for the CLI by typing HELP:
DEL, BS
Ctrl-A
delete previous character
go to beginning of line
Ctrl-E
go to end of line
Ctrl-F
go forward one character
go backward one character
delete current character
Ctrl-B
Ctrl-D
Ctrl-H
display command history or retrieve a command.
delete to beginning of line
delete to end of line
Ctrl-U, X
Ctrl-K
Ctrl-W
Ctrl-T
delete previous word
transpose previous character
go to previous line in history buffer
go to next line in history buffer
return to root command prompt
Ctrl-P
Ctrl-N
Ctrl-Z
Tab, <SPACE>
command-line completion
Exit
!!
go to next lower command prompt
execute the most recent command
execute the nth most recent command
!-n
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!n
execute the nth command in history buffer
execute the most recent command that starts with the string “str”.
execute the most recent command that contains the string “str”.
list choices
!str
!*str
?
Remotely managing the IXM5414E switch module
The IXM5414E switch module supports two remote-access modes for management over Ethernet
connections. You can select the mode that is best suited for your environment. The switch module
has an internal Ethernet path to the management module and its four external Ethernet ports.
•
The default mode uses the internal path to the management module only. In this mode, the
remote access link to the management console must be attached to the 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
port on the management module. With this mode, the IP addresses and SNMP parameters of the
Ethernet switch modules can be manually assigned through the SBCE Management and
Configuration Program. This mode allows you to provide a secure LAN for management of the
platform’s subsystems separately from the data network.
Important: In this mode, the IXM5414E switch module does not respond to remote
management commands from the four external Ethernet ports on the switch module.
See the applicable Installation and User’s Guide publications on the Resource CD for additional
instructions for configuring the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E for this
mode of operation.
•
You can choose to enable remote management of the IXM5414E switch module through the
four external Ethernet ports on the switch module, instead of or in addition to access through the
management module. This mode can only be enabled through the management module
configuration interface. Once this mode is enabled, the external Ethernet ports will support both
management traffic and data traffic. Also, the Ethernet switch module will be able to transmit
DHCP request frames through the external Ethernet ports.
This mode allows the switch module IP addresses to reside on a different subnet than the
management modules. This is useful when the switch modules are to be managed and controlled
as part of the overall network infrastructure, while maintaining secure management of other
chassis subsystems through the management module. However, management access to the
IXM5414E switch module link will be lost if the switch module IP address is not on the same
subnet as the management module. This chapter contains additional instructions for configuring
the switch module for this mode of operation.
The two previously described modes are only applicable to the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch
Module IXM5414E. The management module can only be remotely accessed through the 10/100
Mbps Ethernet port on the management module.
Connecting to the IXM5414E switch module
When you know the IP address for your switch module and have an existing network connection,
you can use the Telnet program (in VT-100 compatible terminal mode) to access and control the
switch module. If you need to obtain the IP address for your switch module or establish a network
connection, consult your system or network administrator. Be sure to use the correct IP address in
the required command, as specified in this section.
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The IXM5414E switch module supports user-based security that you can use to prevent
unauthorized users from accessing the switch module or changing its settings. This section tells you
how to log on to the switch module for the first time.
Complete the following steps to connect to the switch module through the Telnet interface:
1. Display a window that contains a DOS prompt command line; for example, C:\>.
2. Type the following command on the DOS prompt command line and press Enter: telnet x.x.x.x
where x.x.x.x is the IP address for your switch module
When you first connect to the switch module, you will be prompted to enter a user ID followed by a
password. Enter USERID in response to the prompt for a user ID and enter PASSW0RD in
response to the prompt for a password (notice the use of the zero and not the “O”). This will give
you Read/write access to the switch module. By default, the switch module has one Read-only
account named “GUEST.” The password for the Read-only GUEST account is left blank, just press
Enter. For security you should change these default passwords after you log onto the system for the
first time.
/ NOTE
All user IDs and passwords are CASE SENSITIVE.
Only a user with Read/write privileges can add new user accounts or make changes to existing user
accounts. Another function available with a Read/write account is updating firmware and
configuration files.
Changing configuration settings
The IXM5414E switch module has two levels of memory: normal random-access memory (RAM)
and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM). When you enter a configuration change, the new settings will be
immediately applied to the switching software in RAM. The new settings will remain in effect until
the switch is restarted or you make another change. To make the changes permanent you need to
issue the save config command which stores the current configuration in NVRAM. When the switch
configuration settings have been saved to NVRAM, they become the default settings for the switch.
These settings will be used every time the switch module is restarted.
/ NOTE
Some settings require you to restart the switch before they will take effect. Make sure you
save the new configuration to NVRAM first.
There are two ways to change the configuration stored in NVRAM:
•
•
Save a new configuration using the save config command.
Reset all configuration values to the initial settings listed in Appendix Appendix C “Run-time
restores the configuration settings that were entered at the factory and causes a reboot. Loading
the factory default configuration will erase any user accounts (and all other configuration
settings) that you might have entered and return the switch module to its original state at the
time of purchase.
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Managing user accounts
Access to the IXM5414E switch module is controlled through an authorized user ID and password.
The switch supports a maximum of six user accounts, only one of which can have Read/write
privileges. The interface does not permit deletion of the currently logged-in user in order to prevent
accidentally deleting all the users with Root privileges.
To log in after you have created a registered user, enter login at a command line prompt:
1. Type your user ID when prompted and press Enter.
2. Type your password when prompted and press Enter.
/ NOTE
The passwords used to access the switch module ARE case-sensitive.
Only the user with Read/write privileges can add new user accounts or make changes to existing
user accounts. Before you can update a user account, you must also enter the password (if any) for
that user account.
Complete the following steps to update a user account:
1. Enter the config users passwd command with the name of the account and the new password as
parameters
2. Enter the old password when prompted, or just press enter if the account did not have a
password
To delete a user account simply enter the config users delete command with the name of the
account.
Initial configuration
Some settings must be entered to enable the IXM5414E switch module to be managed from an
SNMP-based Network Management System such as SNMP version 1 or to be able to access the
switch module using the Telnet protocol.
If the management of the Ethernet switch module is enabled through the four external ports, the
switch module will acquire its IP address from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
server when the switch module is turned on or reset. The DHCP protocol enables IP addresses,
network masks, and default gateways to be assigned by a DHCP server.
IXM5414E switch module system commands
This section describes the commands that you use to configure and manage the switch. These
commands include:
•
•
•
•
•
System information and statistics commands
System configuration commands
System description commands
System utility commands
Trap management commands
Later sections describe the commands that you use to configure and manage the various protocols
running on the switch.
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System commands
These commands display and configure system information and statistics.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache
show arp switch
Use this command to display the connectivity between the switch and other devices. The Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache identifies the MAC addresses of the IP stations communicating
with the switch.
Format
show arp switch
MAC Address
A unicast MAC address of a device on a subnet attached to one of the switch's
routing interfaces for which the switch has forwarding and/or filtering information.
The format is six two-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by hyphens, for
example 01-23-45-67-89-AB.
IP Address
Port
The IP address associated with the MAC address.
The identification of the port being used for the connection.
Forwarding DB
config forwardingdb agetime
Use this command to configure the forwarding database address aging timeout.
Default
Format
Seconds
300
config forwardingdb agetime <seconds>
The <seconds> parameter must be within the range of 10 to 1,000,000 seconds.
show forwardingdb agetime
Use this command to display the address aging timeout for the forwarding database.
Format
show forwardingdb agetime
Agetime
The address aging timeout for the forwarding database in seconds.
show forwardingdb learned
Use this command to display forwarding database entries for learned addresses.
Format
show forwardingdb learned
show forwardingdb table
Use this command to display the forwarding database entries. If the command is entered with no
parameter, the entire table is displayed. This is the same as entering the optional <all> parameter.
Alternatively, you can enter a MAC address to display the table entry for that address and all entries
following it.
Format
show forwardingdb table
MAC Address
A unicast MAC address for which the switch has forwarding and/or filtering
information. The format is a two byte hexadecimal VLAN ID number followed by a
six byte MAC address with each byte separated by hyphens, for example 00-01-00-
23-45-67-89-AB.
Port
The physical interface on which the MAC address was learned.
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ifIndex
Status
The ifIndex of the MIB interface table entry associated with the port.
The status of the entry. The possible values are:
Static
The value of the corresponding instance was added by the system or a user
and cannot be relearned.
Learned
The entry was learned by observing the source MAC addresses of incoming
traffic, and is currently in use.
Management
The system MAC address, identified with Bay.1.
Self
The MAC address of one of the switch’s physical interfaces.
Inventory information
show inventory
Use this command to display inventory information for the switch.
Format show inventory
Switch Description
The product name of this switch.
Machine Type
Machine Model
Serial Number
FRU Number
Part Number
The machine type of this switch.
The model within the machine type.
The unique box serial number for this switch.
The field-replaceable unit number.
The manufacturing part number.
Maintenance Level
The identification of the hardware change level.
Manufacturer
The two-octet code that identifies the manufacturer.
Burnedin MAC Address
The burned-in universally administered MAC address of this switch.
Software Version
The release.version.maintenance number of the code currently running on the
switch.
Operating System
The operating system currently running on the switch.
Network Processing Element
Identifies the network processor hardware.
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Additional Packages
The list of optional software packages installed on the switch, if any. For example,
Quality of Service.
Logs
show eventlog
Use this command to display the event log, which is used to hold error messages for catastrophic
events. After the event is logged and the updated log is saved in FLASH memory, the switch will be
reset. The log can hold at least 2,000 entries (the actual number depends on the platform and OS),
and is erased when an attempt is made to add an entry after it is full.
Format
File
show eventlog
The source code filename identifying the code that detected the event.
The line number within the source file of the code that detected the event.
The OS-assigned ID of the task reporting the event.
Line
Task Id
Code
Time
The event code passed to the event log handler by the code reporting the event.
The time the event occurred, measured from the previous reset.
/ NOTE
Event log information is retained across a switch module reset.
show msglog
Use this command to display the message log.The message log contains system trace information
that records non-critical problems.
Format
Time
show msglog
The time the event occurred, calculated from the time the switch was last reset.
The source code filename identifying the code that detected the event.
The line number within the source file of the code that detected the event.
An explanation of the problem being reported.
File
Line
Description
/ NOTE
Message log information is not retained across a switch module reset and wraps after 512
entries.
Port commands
System and configuration
config port adminmode
Use this command to enable or disable one or more ports. The port will only participate in the
network when it is enabled.
Default
Format
enable
config port adminmode <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config port autoneg
Use this command to enable or disable automatic negotiation on one or more ports.
Default enable
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Format
config port autoneg <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config port flowcontrol
Use this command to enable or disable IEEE 802.3x flow control for one or more ports.
Default
Format
disable
config port flowcontrol <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config port lacpmode
Use this command to enable or disable the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) on one or
more ports.
Default
Format
disable
config port lacpmode <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config port linktrap
Use this command to enable or disable link status traps for one or more ports.
/ NOTE
This command is valid only when the Link Up/Down Flag is enabled (see “config trapflags
Format
config port linktrap <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config port physicalmode
Use this command to configure the speed and duplex mode for one or more ports. For this
configuration to take effect, auto negotiation must be disabled.
Format
config port physicalmode <port/listofports/all> <1000f/100f/100h/10f/10h>
Acceptable values are:
1000f
100f
100h
10f
1000BASE-T full duplex
100BASE-T full duplex
100BASE-T half-duplex
10BASE-T full duplex
10BASE-T half duplex
10h
show port
Use this command to display port information.
Format
Port
show port <port/listofports/all>
The interface number of the physical port or LAG whose information is displayed
on the line.
Type
If not blank, this field indicates that this port is a special type of port. The possible
values are:
Mon Monitoring port, participating in Port Mirroring.
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Probe
Probe port, participating in Port Mirroring.
LAG Member of a LAG.
Admin Mode
Displays the administration mode of the port. The port must be enabled in order for
it to be allowed into the network. The factory default is enabled.
Physical Mode
Displays the port speed and duplex mode. If auto-negotiation is specified for the
port, then the duplex mode and speed will be set by the auto-negotiation process.
Note that the port's maximum capability (full duplex -100M) will be advertised. The
factory default is auto.
Physical Status
Indicates the port speed and duplex mode.
Indicates whether the link is up or down.
Link Status
Link Trap
Indicates whether or not a trap will be sent when link status changes. The factory
default is enabled.
LACP Mode Displays whether Link Aggregation Control Protocol is enabled or disabled on this
port.
FlowControl Mode
Displays whether flow control is enabled or disabled on this port.
Mirroring commands
config mirroring create
Use this command to configure a probe port and a mirrored port for port mirroring. The first port is
the probe port and the second port is the mirrored port. If this command is executed while port
mirroring is enabled, it will have the effect of changing the probe and mirrored port values. The
probe port will be removed from all VLANs.
Format
config mirroring create <port> <port>
config mirroring delete
Use this command to remove the port mirroring designation from both the probe port and the
mirrored port. The probe port must be manually re-added to any desired VLANs.
Format config mirroring delete
config mirroring mode
Use this command to configure the port mirroring mode. The possible values are enable and disable.
The probe and mirrored ports must be configured before port mirroring can be enabled. If enabled,
the probe port will mirror all traffic received and transmitted on the physical mirrored port. It is not
necessary to disable port mirroring before modifying the probe and mirrored ports.
Default
Format
disable
config mirroring mode <enable/disable>
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show mirroring
Use this command to display the port mirroring information for the switch module.
Format show mirroring
Port Mirroring Mode
Indicates whether the port mirroring feature is enabled or disabled.
Probe Port
The port that is configured as the probe port. If this value has not been configured,
‘Not Configured’ will be displayed.
Mirrored Port
The port that is configured as the mirrored port. If this value has not been
configured, ‘Not Configured’ will be displayed.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
SNMP community commands
config snmpcommunity accessmode
Use this command to configure SNMP access to switch information for a specific community name.
The access mode can be Read-only (also called public) or Read/write (also called private).
Format
config snmpcommunity accessmode <readonly/readwrite> <name>
config snmpcommunity create
Use this command to add (and name) a new SNMP community. A community name associates the
switch with a set of SNMP managers with a specified privileged level. The name can be up to 16
case-sensitive characters long.
Community names in the SNMP community table must be unique. If you make multiple entries
using the same community name, the first entry is kept and processed and all duplicate entries are
ignored.
Default
There are two default community names: Public (with Read-only access) and
Private (with Read/write access). You can replace these default community names
with unique identifiers for each community. The default values for the remaining
four community names are blank.
Format
config snmpcommunity create <name>
config snmpcommunity delete
Use this command to remove a name from the SNMP community table.
Format
config snmpcommunity delete <name>
config snmpcommunity ipaddr
Use this command to specify the IP address (or portion thereof) from which this device will accept
SNMP packets with the associated community name. The requesting entity's IP address is ANDed
with the IP mask before being compared to this IP address. Note that if the IP mask is set to 0.0.0.0,
an IP address of 0.0.0.0 matches all IP addresses. The default value is “0.0.0.0”. The parameter
<name> is the applicable community name, and may be up to 16 alphanumeric characters.
Default
0.0.0.0
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Format
config snmpcommunity ipaddr <ipaddr> <name>
config snmpcommunity ipmask
Specify the mask to be ANDed with the requesting entity's IP address before comparison with the
SNMP community IP address associated with the same community name. If the result matches the
SNMP community IP address then the address is an authenticated IP address. For example, if the IP
address = 9.47.128.0 and the corresponding IP mask = 255.255.255.0, a range of incoming IP
addresses would match, i.e. the incoming IP address could equal 9.47.128.0 - 9.47.128.255. The
default value is “0.0.0.0”. The parameter <name> is the applicable community name, and may be up
to 16 alphanumeric characters.
Default
Format
0.0.0.0
config snmpcommunity ipmask <ipmask> <name>
config snmpcommunity mode
Use this command to activate or deactivate an SNMP community. If a community is enabled, an
SNMP manager associated with this community is allowed to access the switch. If the community is
disabled, no SNMP requests using this community name are accepted. In this case the SNMP
manager associated with this community cannot manage the switch until the status is changed back
to Enable.
Default
The default private and public communities are enabled by default. The four
undefined communities are disabled by default.
Format
config snmpcommunity mode <enable/disable> <name>
show snmpcommunity
Use this command to display SNMP community information.
Up to six communities are supported. You can add, change, or delete communities. The switch does
not have to be reset for changes to take effect.
The SNMP agent of the switch complies with SNMP Version 1 (for more about the SNMP
specification, see the SNMP RFCs). The SNMP agent sends traps through TCP/IP to an external
SNMP manager based on the SNMP configuration (the trap receiver and other SNMP community
parameters).
Format
SNMP Community Name
The community name of this row of the table.
Client IP Address
An IP address (or portion thereof) from which this device will accept SNMP
show snmpcommunity
packets with the associated community name. The requesting entity's IP address is
ANDed with the Client IP mask before being compared to the Client IP address.
Note that if the Client IP mask is set to 0.0.0.0, an IP address of 0.0.0.0 matches all
IP addresses. The default value is 0.0.0.0.
Client IP Mask
The mask that will be ANDed with the requesting entity's IP address before
comparison with the Client IP address. If the result matches the Client IP address
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then the address is an authenticated IP address. For example, if the IP address =
9.47.128.0 and the corresponding Client IP mask = 255.255.255.0, a range of
incoming IP addresses would match, i.e. the incoming IP address could equal
9.47.128.0 - 9.47.128.255. The default value is 0.0.0.0.
Access Mode The access level for this community. Either Read/write or Read-only.
Status
The status of this community. Either enable or disable.
SNMP trap commands
config snmptrap create
Use this command to add an SNMP trap receiver community name and associated IP address. The
maximum length of name is 16 case-sensitive alphanumeric characters.
Format
config snmptrap create <name> <ipaddr>
config snmptrap delete
Use this command to delete a trap receiver from a community.
Format config snmptrap delete <name> <ipaddr>
config snmptrap ipaddr
Use this command to assign a new IP address to a specified trap receiver community. The maximum
length of name is 16 case-sensitive alphanumeric characters.
IP addresses in the SNMP trap receiver table must be unique. If you make multiple entries using the
same IP address, the first entry is retained and processed. All duplicate entries are ignored.
Format
config snmptrap ipaddr <ipaddrold> <name> <ipaddrnew>
config snmptrap mode
Use this command to enable or disable an SNMP trap receiver identified by trap receiver community
name and IP address. Enabled trap receivers are active (able to receive traps). Disabled trap
receivers are inactive (not able to receive traps).
Format
config snmptrap mode <enable/disable> <name> <ipaddr>
show snmptrap
Use this command to display information about SNMP trap receivers. Trap messages are sent across
the network to an SNMP Network Manager. These messages alert the manager to events occurring
within the switch or on the network. Up to six trap receivers are supported at the same time.
Format
SNMP Trap Name
The community string of the SNMP trap packet sent to the trap manager. Note that
show snmptrap
trap receiver communities and SNMP communities are separate and distinct.
IP Address
Status
The IP address that receives SNMP traps from the switch for this trap receiver
community.
Indicates whether traps are currently enabled for this community
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Enable -
traps will be sent
Disable -
traps will not be sent.
System configuration
Network connectivity
config network javamode
Use this command to enable or disable the java applet that displays a picture of the switch module at
the top right of the screen when you are using the Web interface. If you run the applet you will be
able to click on the picture of the switch to select configuration screens instead of using the
navigation tree at the left side of the screen. The factory default is enabled.
Default
Format
enable
config network javamode <enable/disable>
config network parms
Use this command to set the IP Address, subnet mask and gateway of the router. The IP Address and
the gateway must be on the same subnet.
Default
Format
10.90.90.9x 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0
config network parms IPaddress netmask [gateway]
config network protocol
Use this command to specify the network configuration protocol. Select DHCP, BootP, or None. The
change is effective immediately.
Default
Format
Values
none
config network protocol none/bootp/dhcp
none The network interface is manually configured with static IP information.
bootp The network interface is configured to acquire an IP configuration using the
Bootstrap Protocol (BootP).
dhcp The network interface is configured to acquire an IP configuration using the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). If you select DHCP and
management of the Ethernet switch module through the four ports is enabled, the
switch module will acquire its IP address, network mask, and default gateway from
a DHCP server when the switch module is turned on or reset.
config network webmode
Use this command to enable or disable access to the switch module via the Web interface. When
access is enabled a user can login to the switch from a web browser through TCP port 80. Disabling
access takes effect immediately on all interfaces.
Default
Format
enable
config network webmode <enable/disable>
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show network
Use this command to display network configuration settings that are necessary for in-band
connectivity.
Format
show network
IP Address
The IP address of the interface. The factory default value is 10.90.90.9x, where x is
determined by the the number of the I/O-module bay in which the Ethernet switch
module is installed. See Table 1.“Default IP addresses based on I/O module bay
numbers” on page 21. The IP address may have been acquired from a DHCP server
or may be the static IP address acquired from the management module. See the
Network Configuration Protocol item for more information.
Subnet Mask The IP subnet mask for this interface. The factory default value is 255.255.255.0.
Default Gateway
The default IP gateway address for this interface. The factory default value is
0.0.0.0.
Burned In MAC Address
The burned-in MAC address used for in-band connectivity if you choose not to
configure a locally administered address.
Network Configuration Protocol
Indicates what network protocol was used on the last or current power-up cycle, if
any. The configuration methods are DHCP, BootP and none. The factory default
method is none.
Note: When management of the Ethernet Switch Module is enabled through the
four external ports, and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is enabled,
the switch module acquires its IP address from a DHCP server when the switch
module is turned on or reset; otherwise, the switch module acquires a static IP
address from the management module.
Web Mode
Java Mode
Indicates whether the switch may be accessed from a web browser. If web mode is
enabled you can manage the switch from a web browser. The factory default is
enabled.
Indicates whether the java applet that displays a picture of the switch at the top right
of the screen is enabled or disabled. If the applet is enabled you will be able to click
on the picture of the switch to select configuration screens instead of using the
navigation tree at the left side of the screen. The factory default is enabled.
Telnet
config telnet maxsessions
Use this command to configure the number of simultaneous Telnet and Secure Shell (SSH) sessions
that can be established. A value of 0 indicates that no Telnet session can be established. The range is
0 to 5.
Default
Format
5
config telnet maxsessions <0-5>
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config telnet mode
Use this command to allow or disallow new Telnet and SSH sessions. If sessions are enabled, new
Telnet sessions can be established until there are no more sessions available. If sessions are disabled,
no new Telnet sessions are established but an established session will remain active until the session
is terminated or an abnormal network error ends it.
Default
Format
enable
config telnet mode <enable/disable>
config telnet timeout
Use this command to specify the number of minutes of inactivity that will occur on a Telnet or SSH
session before the switch logs off. A value of 0 indicates there will be no timeout and the session
will remain active indefinitely. The time is a decimal value from 0 to 160.
Changing the timeout value does not affect an active session until the session is reaccessed. Any
keystroke will also activate the new timeout duration.
Default
Format
5
config telnet timeout <0-160>
show telnet
Use this command to display Telnet settings.
Format show telnet
Telnet Login Timeout (minutes)
The number of minutes of inactivity that will occur on a Telnet or SSH session
before the switch logs off. A value of zero means there will be no timeout.
Maximum Number of Telnet Sessions
The number of simultaneous Telnet and SSH sessions allowed.
Allow New Telnet Sessions
Indicates whether new Telnet and SSH sessions are allowed.
User accounts
config users add
Use this command to add a new user account if the maximum number of users has not been reached.
The <name> can be up to eight alphanumeric characters and is case-sensitive. A maximum of six
user IDs can be defined.
Format
config users add <name>
config users delete
Use this command to remove a user account.
Format
config users delete <name>
/ NOTE
The admin user account cannot be deleted.
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config users passwd
Use this command to change the password of an existing user. The password is up to eight
alphanumeric characters and is case-sensitive.
After you enter this command you will be prompted for the user’s current password. If none, press
enter.
Default
Blank (indicating no password) for users with Read-only access. For those with
Read/write access the factory standard password is “PASSW0RD.” Please note the
use of zero instead of the letter “O.”
Format
config users passwd <user>
config users snmpv3 accessmode
Use this command to specify the SNMPv3 access privileges for the specified user account. The valid
accessmode values are <readonly> or <readwrite>. The <user> is the login user name for which the
specified access mode will apply.
Default
Format
readwrite for admin user; readonly for all other users
config users snmpv3 accessmode <user> <readonly/readwrite>
config users snmpv3 authentication
Use this command to specify the protocol to be used to authenticate a user account. The valid
authentication protocols are none, md5 or sha. If md5 or sha are specified, the user login password
will be used as the SNMPv3 authentication password. The <user> is the user account for which the
specified authentication protocol will be used.
Default
Format
no authentication
config users snmpv3 authentication <user> <none/md5/sha>
config users snmpv3 encryption
Use this command to specify the encryption protocol and key to be used to authenticate a user
account. The valid encryption protocols are none or DES. The DES protocol requires a key, which
can be specified on the command line. The key may be up to 16 characters long. If the DES protocol
is specified but a key is not provided, you will be prompted for the key. If none is specified as the
protocol, you may not enter a key. The <user> is the user account for which the specified encryption
protocol will be used.
Default
Format
no encryption
config users snmpv3 encryption <user> <none/des [key]>
show users info
Use this command to display the configured user names and their settings. This command is only
available for the user with Read/write privileges.
Format
show users info
User Name
The name the user will use to login using the serial port, Telnet or Web.
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User Access Mode
Shows whether the user is able to change parameters on the switch (Read/write) or
is only able to view them (Read-only). As a factory default, admin has Read/write
access and guest has Read-only access. There can only be one Read/write user and
up to five Read-only users.
SNMPv3 Access Mode
Displays the SNMPv3 Access Mode. If the value is set to Read/write, the SNMPv3
user will be able to set and retrieve parameters on the system. If the value is set to
Read-only, the SNMPv3 user will only be able to retrieve parameter information.
The SNMPv3 access mode does not have to be the same as the CLI and Web access
modes.
SNMPv3 Authentication
The protocol (if any) that will be used to authenticate the user.
SNMPv3 Encryption
The encryption protocol (if any) that will be used for the authentication process.
Login
config loginsession close
Use this command to close a specified Telnet session.
Format
config loginsession close <sessionid/all>
show loginsession
Use this command to display currently active Telnet and serial port connections to the switch.
Format
ID
show loginsession
Login Session ID
User Name
The account name used to login via the serial port or Telnet.
Connection From
The IP address of the Telnet client machine or EIA-232 for the serial port
connection.
Idle Time
Time this session has been idle.
Session Time
Total time this session has been connected.
System description
config prompt
Use this command to change the prompt that is displayed when you use the CLI. You may enter up
to 64 alphanumeric characters.
Format
config prompt <system prompt>
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config syscontact
Use this command to configure the name of the person or organization responsible for the switch.
The range for name is from 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters.
Format
config syscontact <contact>
config syslocation
Use this command to configure the physical location assigned to the switch. The range for name is
from 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters.
Format
config syslocation <location>
config sysname
Use this command to configure the name assigned to the switch. The range for name is from 1 to 31
alphanumeric characters.
Format
config sysname <name>
show stats port detailed
Use this command to display detailed statistics for a specified port.
Format
show stats port detailed <port>
Packets Received
Octets Received
The total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) received on the
network (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets). This object can be used
as a reasonable estimate of Ethernet utilization. If greater precision is desired, the
etherStatsPkts and etherStatsOctets objects should be sampled before and after a
common interval.
Packets Received 64 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64 octets in
length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 65-127 octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 65
and 127 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 128-255 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 128
and 255 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 256-511 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 256
and 511 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 512-1023 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 512
and 1023 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received 1024-1518 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between
1024 and 1518 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
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Packets Received 1519-1522 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between
1519 and 1522 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received >1522 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were >1522
octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Received Successfully
Total Packets Received Without Error
The total number of packets received that were without error.
Unicast Packets Received
The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Multicast Packets Received
The number of packets received that were directed to a multicast address. Note that
this number does not include packets directed to the broadcast address.
Broadcast Packets Received
The number of packets received that were directed to a broadcast address. Note that
this number does not include packets directed to the multicast address.
Packets Received with MAC Errors
Total Packets Received with MAC Errors
The total number of inbound packets that contained errors that prevented them from
being delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Jabbers Received
The total number of packets received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding
framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either a bad Frame Check
Sequence (FCS) with an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a
non-integral number of octets (Alignment Error). Note that this definition of jabber
is different than the definition in IEEE-802.3 section 8.2.1.5 (10BASE5) and
section 10.3.1.4 (10BASE2). These documents define jabber as the condition where
any packet exceeds 20 ms. The allowed range to detect jabber is between 20 ms and
150 ms.
Fragments/Undersized Received
The total number of packets received that were less than 64 octets in length
(excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Alignment Errors
The total number of packets received that had a length (excluding framing bits but
including FCS octets) of between 64 and 1518 octets, inclusive, but had a bad
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) with a non-integral number of octets.
Rx FCS Errors
The total number of packets received that had a length (excluding framing bits but
including FCS octets) of between 64 and 1518 octets, inclusive, but had a bad
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) with an integral number of octets.
Received Packets Not Forwarded
802.3x Pause Frames Received
A count of MAC Control frames received on this interface with an opcode
indicating the PAUSE operation. This counter does not increment when the
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interface is operating in half-duplex mode.
Packets Transmitted
Total Packets Transmitted (Octets)
The total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) transmitted on
the network (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets). This object can be
used as a reasonable estimate of Ethernet utilization. If greater precision is desired,
the etherStatsPkts and etherStatsOctets objects should be sampled before and after a
common interval.
Packets Transmitted 64 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were 64 octets
in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 65-127 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between
65 and 127 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 128-255 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between
128 and 255 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 256-511 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between
256 and 511 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 512-1023 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between
512 and 1023 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 1024-1518 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between
1024 and 1518 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Packets Transmitted 1519-1522 Octets
The total number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were between
1519 and 1522 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Max Info
The maximum size of the Info (non-MAC) field that this port will receive or
transmit.
Packets Transmitted Successfully
Total Packets Transmitted Successfully
The total number of packets that have been transmitted by this port to its segment.
Unicast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Multicast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
multicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Broadcast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
broadcast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Transmit Errors
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Total Transmit Errors
The sum of Single, Multiple and Excessive Collisions.
Tx FCS Errors
The total number of packets transmitted that had a length (excluding framing bits
but including FCS octets) of between 64 and 1518 octets, inclusive, but had a bad
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) with an integral number of octets.
Tx Oversized
The total number of packets that exceeded the maximum permitted frame size. This
counter has a maximum increment rate of 815 counts per second at 10 Mbps.
Underrun Errors
The total number of packets discarded because the transmit FIFO buffer became
empty during frame transmission.
Transmit Discards
Total Transmit Packet Discarded
The sum of single collision frames discarded, multiple collision frames discarded,
and excessive collision frames discarded.
Single Collision Frames
The number of successfully transmitted packets which encountered exactly one
collision.
Multiple Collision Frames
The number of successfully transmitted packets which encountered more than one
collision.
Excessive Collision Frames
The number of packets which were not successfully transmitted because of
excessive collisions.
Protocol Statistics
BPDUs Received
The number of BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received by the spanning tree
layer.
BPDUs Transmitted
The number of BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the spanning
tree layer.
802.3x Pause Frames Transmitted
The number of MAC Control frames received on this interface with an opcode
indicating the PAUSE operation. This counter does not increment when the
interface is operating in half-duplex mode.
GVRP PDUs Received
The number of GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) PDUs received by the
Generic Attributes Registration Protocol (GARP) layer.
GVRP PDUs Transmitted
The number of GVRP PDUs transmitted by the GARP layer.
GVRP PDUs Failed Registrations
The number of times attempted GVRP registrations could not be completed.
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GMRP PDUs Received
The number of GMRP PDUs received.
GMRP PDUs Transmitted
The number of GMRP PDUs transmitted.
GMRP PDUs Failed Registrations
The number of times attempted GMRP registrations could not be completed.
Time Since Counters Last Cleared
The elapsed time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the statistics for this
port were last cleared.
show stats port summary
Use this command to display a summary of the statistics for a specified port.
Format show stats port summary <port>
Packets Received Without Error
The total number of packets (including multicast and broadcast packets) received on
this port.
Packets Received With Error
The number of inbound packets that contained errors that prevented them being
delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Broadcast Packets Received
The total number of packets received that were directed to the broadcast address.
Note that this does not include multicast packets.
Packets Transmitted Without Error
The total number of packets transmitted from the interface.
Transmit Packet Errors
The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of errors.
Collision frames
The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet segment.
Time Since Counters Last Cleared
The elapsed time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the statistics for this
port were last cleared.
show stats switch detailed
Use this command to display detailed statistics for all CPU traffic.
Format
show stats switch detailed
Received
Octets Received
The total number of octets of data received by the processor (excluding framing bits
but including FCS octets).
Packets Received Without Errors
Total number of packets received on the network
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Unicast Packets Received
The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Multicast Packets Received
The number of packets received that were directed to a multicast address. Note that
this number does not include packets directed to the broadcast address.
Broadcast Packets Received
The number of packets received that were directed to a broadcast address. Note that
this number does not include packets directed to the multicast address.
Receive Packets Discarded
The number of inbound packets that were chosen to be discarded even though no
errors had been detected that would prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer
protocol. One possible reason for discarding a packet could be to free up buffer
space.
Transmitted
Octets Transmitted
The total number of octets of data transmitted on the network including framing
bits.
Packets Transmitted Without Errors
The total number of packets that have been transmitted on the network.
Unicast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Multicast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
multicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Broadcast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a
broadcast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Transmit Packets Discarded
The number of outbound packets that were chosen to be discarded even though no
errors had been detected. One possible reason for discarding a packet could be to
free up buffer space.
Table Entries
Most Address Entries Ever Used
The highest number of Forwarding Database Address Table entries used by this
switch module since the last reboot.
Address Entries In Use
The number of learned and static Forwarding Database Address Table entries
currently in use by this switch module.
VLAN Entries
Maximum VLAN Entries
The maximum number of VLANs allowed on the switch module.
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Most VLAN Entries Ever Used
The highest number of VLANs that have been active on this switch module since
the last reboot.
Static VLAN Entries
The number of VLANs currently active on this switch module that were created
statically.
Dynamic VLAN Entries
The number of VLANs currently active on this switch module that were created by
GVRP registration.
VLAN Deletes
The number of VLANs that have been created and then deleted on this switch
module since the last reboot.
Time Since Counters Last Cleared
The elapsed time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the statistics for this port were
last cleared.
show stats switch summary
Use this command to display a summary of the statistics for all switch traffic.
Format
Packets Received Without Error
The total number of packets (including multicast and broadcast packets) received by
show stats switch summary
the processor.
Broadcast Packets Received
The total number of packets received that were directed to the broadcast address.
Note that this does not include multicast packets.
Packets Received With Error
The number of inbound packets that contained errors that prevented them being
delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Packets Transmitted Without Errors
The total number of packets transmitted from the switch module.
Broadcast Packets Transmitted
The total number of packets that higher-layer protocols requested to be transmitted
to the broadcast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
Transmit Packet Errors
The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of errors.
Address Entries Currently In Use
The number of learned and static Forwarding Database Address Table entries
currently in use by this switch module.
VLAN Entries Currently In Use
The number of VLANs currently in the VLAN table on this switch module.
Time Since Counters Last Cleared
The elapsed time in days, hours, minutes and seconds since the statistics for the
switch were last cleared.
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show sysinfo
Use this command to display switch information.
Format show sysinfo
Switch Description
The product name of the switch.
System Name
The name used to identify the switch.
System Location
Text used to identify the location of the switch. May be up to 31 alphanumeric
characters. The factory default is blank.
System Contact
Text used to identify a contact person for the switch. May be up to 31 alphanumeric
characters. The factory default is blank.
System ObjectID
The base object ID for the switch’s enterprise MIB.
System Up Time
The time in days, hours and minutes since the last reboot.
MIBs Supported
The list of MIBs supported by the management agent running on the switch.
System utilities
System utility commands
The commands in this section allow you to fine tune your systems performance and functionality.
clear config
Use this command to reset the configuration of the switch module to the factory defaults. The switch
is automatically reset when this command is processed. All configuration changes that you have
made, including those saved to NVRAM, will be lost. You will be prompted to confirm that the reset
should proceed.
Format
clear config
clear igmpsnooping
Use this command to clear the tables managed by the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
Snooping function. The switch will attempt to delete these entries from the Multicast Forwarding
Database (MFDB). You will be prompted to confirm that you want to issue this command
Format
clear igmpsnooping
clear lag
Use this command to clear all LAGs. You will be prompted to confirm that you want to issue this
command.
Format
clear lag
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clear pass
Use this command to reset all user passwords to the factory defaults. You will be prompted to
confirm that the password reset should proceed.
Format
clear pass
clear stats port
Use this command to clear the statistics for a specified port. You will be prompted to confirm that
you want to issue this command.
Format
clear stats port <port/listofports/all>
clear stats switch
Use this command to clear the statistics for the switch. You will be prompted to confirm that you
want to issue this command.
Format
clear stats switch
clear transfer
Use this command to reset the file transfer parameters to the factory defaults. You will be prompted
to confirm that you want to issue this command.
Format
clear transfer
clear traplog
Use this command to clear the trap log. You will be prompted to confirm that you want to issue this
command.
Format
clear traplog
clear vlan
Use this command to reset the VLAN configuration parameters to the factory defaults. You will be
prompted to confirm that you want to issue this command.
Format
clear vlan
logout
Use this command to close the current Telnet connection or reset the current serial connection. If you
have any saved configuration changes, you will be prompted to save them.
If you logout without issuing a save config command any configuration changes you have made will
be lost.
Format
logout
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ping
Use this command to have the switch transmit a Ping request to a specified IP address. This checks
whether the switch can communicate with a particular IP device. The switch will send three Ping
requests and display the results. The switch can be pinged from any IP workstation with which it is
connected through the default VLAN (VLAN 1), as long as there is a physical path between the
switch and the workstation.
Format
ping <ipaddr>
reset system
Use this command to reset the switch without powering it off. Reset means that all network
connections are terminated and the boot code executes. The switch uses the stored configuration to
initialize the switch. You will be prompted to confirm that the reset should proceed. A successful
reset is indicated by the LEDs on the switch.
Format
reset system
save config
Use this command to permanently save configuration changes made since the previous save or
reboot to Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM). You are prompted to verify your
choice.
Format
save config
show history
Use this command to show the contents of the command history buffer. The output will display the
oldest command in the history buffer first and the show history command (the newest command)
last.
Format
show history
Transfer download commands
transfer download datatype
Use this command to configure the type of file to be downloaded to the switch.
Default
Format
code
transfer download datatype <code/config>
transfer download filename
Use this command to specify the name of the file that is to be downloaded to the switch. The switch
will remember the last file name used.
You may specify the file path as part of the file name if the string is less than 31 characters.
Otherwise, use the transfer download path command.
This command is valid only when the Transfer Mode is TFTP. See transfer download mode.
Format
transfer download filename <name>
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transfer download path
Use this command to specify the directory path on the TFTP server where the file to be downloaded
to the switch is located. The switch will remember the last file path used.
This command is valid only when the Transfer Mode is TFTP. See transfer download mode.
Details of the TFTP path are explained under the command transfer upload path.
Format
transfer download path <path>
transfer download serverip
Use this command to configure the IP address of the server on which a file to be downloaded is
located.
This command is valid only when the transfer mode is TFTP. See transfer download mode.
Default
Format
0.0.0.0
transfer download serverip <ipaddr>
transfer download start
Use this command to start a download transfer. After the current settings are displayed you will be
prompted to confirm your decision. This command will close your connection to the host.
Format transfer download start
The following information fields are displayed:
TFTP Server IP
The IP address of the server where the file is to be downloaded.
TFTP Path
The directory path specification for the file to be downloaded.
TFTP Filename
The name of the file to be downloaded.
Data Type
The type of file to be downloaded: config, error log, message log or trap log.
Transfer upload commands
TFTP upload example
This example shows three ways to specify the same TFTP client-to-server file transfer. Each
scenario involves uploading the config.bin file from the switch to the location c:\tftp\ on the server.
The different scenarios are shown below:
Table 5. TFTP Upload Scenarios
TFTP Server path
TFTP Client path
c:\tftp\
c:\
blank
tftp\
c:
\tftp\
The directory path statement can be cleared by issuing the clear config command.
Format transfer upload path <path>
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transfer upload datatype
Use this command to specify the type of file to be uploaded from the switch.
Format
transfer upload datatype <config/errorlog/msglog/traplog>
The datatype is one of the following:
config
Configuration file
Error log
errorlog
msglog
traplog
Message log
Trap log (the default)
transfer upload filename
Use this command to specify the name of the file to be uploaded from the switch. The switch will
remember the last file name used.
You may specify the file path as part of the file name if the string is less than 31 characters.
Otherwise, use the transfer upload path command to specify the directory path.
This command is valid only when the Transfer Mode is TFTP. See transfer upload mode.
Format
transfer upload filename <name>
transfer upload path
Use this command to specify the directory path on the TFTP server where you want to save a file
uploaded from the switch. The switch will remember the last file path used.
/ NOTE
This command is valid only when the transfer mode is TFTP. See the command, transfer
upload mode.
The Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E software supports the use of a TFTP
client. The TFTP client path statement requirement is server dependent. A path statement is
generally required to setup the TFTP client; however, the client path may remain blank. See the
following path setup example.
transfer upload serverip
Use this command to configure the IP address of the server on which a file to be uploaded is to be
located.
It is valid only when the transfer mode is TFTP. See “transfer upload mode”.
Default
Format
0.0.0.0
transfer upload serverip <ipaddr>
transfer upload start
Use this command to start an upload transfer. After the current settings are displayed you will be
prompted to confirm your decision. Note that issuing this command will close your connection to
the host.
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Format
transfer upload start
The following information fields are displayed:
TFTP Server IP Address
The Internet Protocol (IP) address of the server where the file is to be uploaded.
TFTP File Path
The directory path specification for the file to be uploaded.
TFTP File Name
The name to be given to the file after it has been uploaded.
The type of file to be uploaded: config, error log, message log or trap log.
File Type
Trap manager
config trapflags authentication
Use this command to enable or disable the Authentication Flag, which determines whether a trap
message is sent when the switch detects an authentication failure.
Default
Format
enable
config trapflags authentication <enable/disable>
config trapflags linkmode
Use this command to enable or disable Link Up/Down traps for the entire switch. When enabled,
link trap messages are sent only if the Link Trap flag associated with the affected port is also set to
enabled.
Default
Format
enable
config trapflags linkmode <enable/disable>
config trapflags multiusers
Use this command to enable or disable Multiple User traps. When enabled, a multiple user trap
message is sent when a user logs in to the terminal interface (EIA 232 or Telnet) and there is an
existing terminal interface session for the same user account.
Default
Format
enable
config trapflags multiusers <enable/disable>
config trapflags stpmode
Use this command to enable or disable STP traps. When enabled, topology change notification trap
messages will be sent.
Default
Format
enable
config trapflags stpmode <enable/disable>
show trapflags
Use this command to display trap conditions. When the condition identified by an active trap is
encountered by the switch a trap message will be sent to any enabled SNMP Trap Receivers, and a
message will be written to the trap log. Cold and warm start traps are always enabled.
Format
Authentication Flag
Indicates whether authentication failure traps will be sent (enable) or not (disable).
show trapflags
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Link Up/Down Flag
Indicates whether a trap will be sent when the link status changes from up to down
or vice versa.
Multiple Users Flag
Indicates whether a trap will be sent when the same user ID is logged into the switch
more than once at the same time (either via Telnet or serial port).
Spanning Tree Flag
Indicates whether spanning tree traps will be sent.
show traplog
Use this command to display the trap log.
Format
show traplog
Number of Traps Since Last Reset
The number of traps that have occurred since the last time the switch was reset.
Number of Traps Since Log Last Viewed
The number of traps that have occurred since the traps were last displayed.
Displaying the traps by any method (terminal interface display, Web display, upload
file from switch, etc.) will cause this counter to be cleared to 0.
Log
System Up Time
The time at which this trap occurred, expressed in days, hours, minutes and seconds
The sequence number of this trap.
since the last reboot of the switch
Trap
Information identifying the trap.
/ NOTE
Trap log information is not retained across a switch module reset.
Switching configuration commands
This section describes the commands you use to manage the switch and to show the current
management settings.
This section also provides detailed explanations of said switching commands. The commands are
divided into nine groups:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Generic Attributes Registration Protocol (GARP) commands
IGMP snooping commands
Link Aggregation (LAG) commands
MAC filter commands
Mirroring commands
Multicast Forwarding Database (MFDB) commands
Spanning tree commands
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) commands
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Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) commands
config garp gmrp adminmode
Use this command to enable or disable the GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) on the
switch module.
Default
Format
disable
config garp gmrp adminmode <enable/disable>
config garp gmrp interfacemode
Use this command to enable or disable the GMRP on one, some or all interfaces. If an interface
which has GARP enabled is enabled for routing or is made a member of a LAG, GARP functionality
will be disabled on that interface. GARP functionality will subsequently be re-enabled if routing is
disabled or LAG membership is removed from an interface that previously had GARP enabled.
Default
Format
disable
config garp grmp interfacemode <port/listofports/all><enable/disable>
config garp gvrp adminmode
Use this command to enable or disable GVRP on the switch module.
Default
Format
disable
config garp gvrp adminmode <enable/disable>
config garp gvrp interfacemode
Use this command to enable or disable GVRP for one, some or all interfaces. If GVRP is disabled,
Join Time, Leave Time and LeaveAll Time have no effect.
Default
Format
disable
config garp gvrp interfacemode <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config garp jointimer
Use this command to configure the GARP Join Time for the specified port(s). Join Time is the
interval between the transmission of GARP Protocol Data Units (PDUs) registering (or re-
registering) membership for a VLAN or multicast group.
This command has an effect only when GVRP is enabled. The time may range from 10 to 100
centiseconds.
Default
Format
20 centiseconds (0.2 seconds)
config garp jointimer <port/listofports/all> <10-100>
config garp leavealltimer
Use this command to configure how frequently LeaveAll PDUs are generated for the specified
port(s). A LeaveAll PDU indicates that all registrations will be unregistered. Participants would
need to rejoin in order to maintain registration. The value applies per port and per GARP
participation. The time may range from 200 to 6000 centiseconds.
This command has an effect only when GVRP is enabled.
Default
Format
1000 centiseconds (10 seconds)
config garp leavealltimer <port/listofports/all> <200-6000>
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config garp leavetimer
Use this command to configure the GARP Leave Time for the specified port(s). Leave Time is the
time to wait after receiving an unregister request for a VLAN or a multicast group before deleting
the VLAN entry or group. This allows time for another station to assert registration for the same
attribute in order to maintain uninterrupted service. The time may range from 20 to 600
centiseconds.
This command has an effect only when GVRP is enabled.
Default
Format
60 centiseconds (0.6 seconds)
config garp leavetimer <port/listofports/all> <20-600>
show garp info
Use this command to display GARP information for the IXM5414E switch module.
Format
GMRP Admin Mode
This displays the administrative mode of GMRP for the switch module. The default
is disable.
GVRP Admin Mode
show garp info
This displays the administrative mode of GVRP for the IXM5414E switch module.
The default is disable.
show garp interface
Use this command to display GARP information for one, some or all interfaces.
Format
Port
show garp interface <port/listofports/all>
This displays the identification of the interface that this row in the table describes.
Join Timer
Displays the interval between the transmission of GARP PDUs registering (or re-
registering) membership for an attribute. Current attributes are a VLAN or a
multicast group. There is an instance of this timer on a per-port, per-GARP
participant basis. Permissible values are 10 to 100 centiseconds (0.1 to 1.0 seconds)
in increments of 1 centisecond (0.01 seconds). The factory default is 20
centiseconds (0.2 seconds).
Leave Timer Displays the period of time to wait after receiving an unregister request for an
attribute before deleting the attribute. Current attributes are a VLAN or a multicast
group. This allows time for another station to assert registration for the same
attribute in order to maintain uninterrupted service. There is an instance of this
timer on a per-port, per-GARP participant basis. Permissible values are 20 to 600
centiseconds (0.2 to 6.0 seconds) in increments of 1 centisecond (0.01 seconds).
The factory default is 60 centiseconds (0.6 seconds).
LeaveAll Timer
Shows how frequently LeaveAll PDUs are generated. A LeaveAll PDU indicates
that all registrations will shortly be deregistered. Participants will need to rejoin in
order to maintain registration. There is an instance of this timer on a per-port, per-
GARP participant basis. The LeaveAll Period Time is set to a random value in the
range of LeaveAll Time to (1.5*LeaveAll Time). Permissible values are 200 to
6000 centiseconds (2 to 60 seconds) in increments of 1 centisecond (0.01 seconds).
The factory default is 1000 centiseconds (10 seconds).
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Port GMRP Mode
Indicates the GMRP administrative mode for the port. It may be enabled or
disabled. If this parameter is disabled, Join Time, Leave Time and LeaveAll Time
have no effect. The factory default is disabled.
Port GVRP Mode
Indicates the GVRP administrative mode for the port. It may be enabled or disabled.
If this parameter is disabled, Join Time, Leave Time and LeaveAll Time have no
effect. The factory default is disabled.
IGMP snooping commands
config igmpsnooping adminmode
Use this command to enable or disable IGMP Snooping on the switch module.
Default
Format
disable
config igmpsnooping adminmode <enable/disable>
config igmpsnooping groupmembershipinterval
Use this command to configure the IGMP Group Membership Interval time on the IXM5414E
switch module. The group membership interval time is the amount of time in seconds that a switch
will wait for a report from a particular group on a particular interface before deleting the interface
from the entry. This value must be greater than the IGMP maximum response time value. The range
is 2 to 3600 seconds.
Default
Format
260 seconds
config igmpsnooping groupmembershipinterval <2-3600>
config igmpsnooping interfacemode
Use this command to enable or disable IGMP Snooping on a selected interface. The
<port/listofports/all> parameter identifies the interface(s) on which to enable or disable IGMP
Snooping. If an interface which has IGMP Snooping enabled is enabled for routing or becomes a
member of a LAG, IGMP Snooping functionality will be disabled on that interface. IGMP Snooping
functionality will subsequently be re-enabled if routing is disabled, or the interface is deleted from
the LAG.
Default
Format
disable
config igmpsnooping interfacemode <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config igmpsnooping maxresponse
Use this command to configure the IGMP Maximum Response time on the IXM5414E switch
module. The maximum response time is the amount of time in seconds that a switch will wait after
sending a query on an interface because it did not receive a report for a particular group in that
interface. This value must be less than the IGMP query interval time value. The range is 1 to 3599
seconds.
Default
Format
10 seconds
config igmpsnooping maxresponse <1-3599>
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config igmpsnooping mcrtrexpiretime
Use this command to configure the Multicast Router Present Expiration time on the switch module.
This is the amount of time in seconds that a switch will wait for a query to be received on an
interface before the interface is removed from the list of interfaces with multicast routers attached.
The range is 0 to 3600 seconds. A value of 0 indicates an infinite timeout, i.e. the time never expires.
Default
Format
0
config igmpsnooping mcrtrexpiretime <0-3600>
show igmpsnooping
Use this command to display IGMP Snooping information for the IXM5414E switch module.
Configuration information is displayed whether or not IGMP Snooping is enabled. Status
information is only displayed when IGMP Snooping is enabled.
Format
show igmpsnooping
Admin Mode
This indicates whether or not IGMP Snooping is enabled on the switch.
Group Membership Interval (secs)
This displays the IGMP Query Interval Time. This is the amount of time the switch
will wait for a report for a particular group on a particular interface before it sends a
query on that interface.
Max Response Time (secs)
This displays the amount of time the switch will wait after sending a query on an
interface because it did not receive a report for a particular group on that interface.
Multicast Router Present Expiration Time (secs)
If a query is not received on an interface within this amount of time, the interface is
removed from the list of interfaces with multicast routers attached.
Interfaces Enabled for IGMP Snooping
This is the list of interfaces on which IGMP Snooping is enabled.
The following status value is only displayed when IGMP Snooping is enabled.
Multicast Control Frame Count
This displays the number of multicast control packets that have been processed by
the CPU.
Link Aggregation (LAG) commands
config lag addport
Use this command to add a physical port to a LAG. The first interface parameter designation is of a
configured LAG and the second identifies the port to be added. There can be a maximum of 8
member ports.
Format
config lag addport <logical port> <port>
config lag adminmode
Use this command to enable or disable the specified LAG(s). The option <all> sets every configured
LAG to the same administrative mode setting.
Format
config lag adminmode <logical port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
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config lag create
Use this command to configure a new LAG, assign a name and generate a logical port number for it.
To display the assigned logical port number use the show lag command. The <name> parameter is a
string of up to 15 alphanumeric characters.
Format
config lag create <name>
config lag deletelag
Use this command to delete the specified LAG(s). The <all> option removes all configured LAGs.
Format
config lags deletelag <logical port/listofports/all>
config lag deleteport
Use this command to delete one or more ports from a LAG. The first interface parameter designates
a configured LAG. The second interface number designates a port that is a member of the LAG. Use
<all> to delete all ports in the specified LAG.
Format
config lag deleteport <logical port> <port/listofports/all>
config lag linktrap
Use this command to enable or disable link trap notifications for the specified LAG. The option
<all> sets every configured LAG to the same administrative mode setting.
Default
Format
enable
config lag linktrap <logical port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config lag name
Use this command to define a name for the specified LAG. Name is an alphanumeric string up to 15
characters. Use this command to modify the name that was associated with the LAG when it was
created.
Format
config lag name <logical port> <name>
show lag
Use this command to display an overview of all link aggregation groups (LAGs) on the switch.
Format
show lag <logical port/listofports/all>
Logical Port The logical port identifying the LAG, in the format lag.port.
LAG Name
Link State
The name of this LAG.
Indicates whether the link is up or down.
Admin Mode
The administrative mode. The factory default is enabled.
Link Trap Mode
Indicates whether or not a trap will be sent when link status changes. The factory
default is enabled.
STP Mode
The Spanning Tree Protocol Administrative Mode associated with the LAG. The
possible values are:
Disable -
Spanning tree is disabled for this LAG.
Enable -
Spanning tree is enabled for this LAG.
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Mbr Ports
Port Speed
A listing of the ports that are members of this LAG, in port notation. There can be a
maximum of 8 ports assigned to a given LAG.
The speed of the LAG. A LAG is always full-duplex.
MAC filter commands
config macfilter adddest
Use this command to add the <port> to the destination filter set for the MAC filter with the MAC
address of <macaddr> and VLAN of <vlan>. The <macaddr> parameter must be specified as a 6-
byte hexadecimal number in the format of 00-12-34-56-78-90. The <vlan> parameter must identify
a valid VLAN.
The <port> parameter identifies the destination port(s) to be added to the destination port filter set
for the MAC filter. If <all> is selected, all ports will be added to the destination port filter set.
Packets for the specified MAC address and VLAN ID will only be transmitted out of ports that are in
the filter set.
Format
config macfilter adddest <macaddr> <vlan> <port/listofports/all>
config macfilter create
Use this command to add a static MAC filter entry for a MAC address and VLAN pair. The
<macaddr> parameter must be specified as a 6-byte hexadecimal number in the format of 00-12-34-
56-78-90.
Filters may not be defined for MAC addresses:
•
•
•
•
00-00-00-00-00-00
01-80-C2-00-00-00 to 01-80-C2-00-00-0F
01-80-C2-00-00-20 to 01-80-C2-00-00-21
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
The <vlan> parameter must identify a valid VLAN.
Up to 100 static MAC filters may be created.
Format
config macfilter create <macaddr> <vlan>
config macfilter deldest
Use this command to remove one or more ports from the destination filter set for the MAC filter
with the MAC address of <macaddr> and VLAN of <vlan>. The <macaddr> parameter must be
specified as a 6-byte hexadecimal number in the format of 00-12-34-56-78-90. The <vlan>
parameter must identify a valid VLAN.
The <port> parameter identifies the destination port(s) to be removed from the destination port filter
set for the MAC filter. If <all> is selected, all ports will be removed from the destination port filter
set.
Format
config macfilter deldest <macaddr> <vlan> <port/listofports/all>
config macfilter remove
Use this command to remove the static MAC filter entry for the given MAC address on the VLAN.
The <macaddr> parameter must be specified as a 6-byte hexadecimal number in the format of 00-
12-34-56-78-90. The <vlan> parameter must identify a valid VLAN.
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Format
config macfilter remove <macaddr> <vlan>
show macfilter
Use this command to display the Static MAC Filtering information. If <all> is selected as the first
parameter, all the Static MAC Filters in the switch module are displayed. If a <macaddr> is entered,
a VLAN ID must also be entered and the Static MAC Filter information will be displayed only for
that MAC address and VLAN ID pair.
Format
show macfilter <all/macaddr <all/vlan>>
MAC Address
The MAC address of the static MAC filter entry.
The VLAN ID of the static MAC filter entry.
VLAN ID
Destination Port(s)
The port(s) in the destination filter. Packets with the associated MAC address and
VLAN ID will only be transmitted out of ports in the list.
Multicast Forwarding Database (MFDB) commands
show mfdb gmrp
Use this command to display the GMRP entries in the Multicast Forwarding Database (MFDB)
table.
Format
show mfdb gmrp
Mac Address
A MAC address and VLAN pair for which the switch has forwarding and/or
filtering information. The format is two, two-digit hexadecimal numbers,
representing the VLAN and six, two-digit hexadecimal numbers, representing the
MAC address, separated by hyphens; for example, 00-01-00-23-45-67-89-AB.
Type
Displays the type of the entry. Static entries are those that are configured by the end
user. Dynamic entries are added to the table as a result of a learning process or
protocol.
Description
Interfaces
The text description of this multicast table entry.
The list of interfaces that are designated for forwarding (Fwd:) and filtering (Flt:).
show mfdb igmpsnooping
Use this command to display the IGMP Snooping entries in the MFDB.
Format
show mfdb igmpsnooping
Mac Address
A MAC address and VLAN pair for which the switch has forwarding and/or
filtering information. The format is two, two-digit hexadecimal numbers,
representing the VLAN and six, two-digit hexadecimal numbers, representing the
MAC address, separated by hyphens; for example, 00-01-00-23-45-67-89-AB.
Type
Displays the type of the entry. Static entries are those that are configured by the end
user. Dynamic entries are added to the table as a result of a learning process or
protocol.
Description
Interfaces
The text description of this multicast table entry.
The list of interfaces that are designated for forwarding (Fwd:) and filtering (Flt:).
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show mfdb staticfiltering
Use this command to display the Static Filtering entries in the MFDB.
Format
show mfdb staticfiltering
Mac Address
A MAC address and VLAN pair for which the switch has forwarding and/or
filtering information. The format is two, two-digit hexadecimal numbers,
representing the VLAN and six, two-digit hexadecimal numbers, representing the
MAC address, separated by hyphens; for example, 00-01-00-23-45-67-89-AB.
Type
Displays the type of the entry. Static entries are those that are configured by the end
user. Dynamic entries are added to the table as a result of a learning process or
protocol.
Description
Interfaces
The text description of this multicast table entry.
The list of interfaces that are designated for forwarding (Fwd:) and filtering (Flt:).
show mfdb stats
Use this command to display the MFDB statistics.
Format
show mfdb stats
Max MFDB Table Entries
Displays the total number of entries possible in the MFDB table.
Most MFDB Entries Since Last Reset
Displays the largest number of entries that have been present in the MFDB table
since the switch was reset. This value is also known as the MFDB high-water mark.
Current Entries
Displays the current number of entries in the MFDB table.
show mfdb table
Use this command to display the MFDB information. If the command is entered with no parameter,
the entire table is displayed. This is the same as entering the optional <all> parameter. The user can
display the table entry for one MAC address by specifying the MAC address as an optional
parameter.
Format
show mfdb table [macaddr/all]
Mac Address
A MAC address and VLAN pair for which the switch has forwarding and/or
filtering information. The format is two, two-digit hexadecimal numbers,
representing the VLAN and six, two-digit hexadecimal numbers, representing the
MAC address, separated by hyphens; for example, 00-01-00-23-45-67-89-AB.
Type
This displays the type of the entry. Static entries are those that are configured by the
end user. Dynamic entries are added to the table as a result of a learning process or
protocol.
Component
The component that is responsible for this entry in the MFDB. Possible values are
IGMP Snooping, GMRP, and Static Filtering.
Description
Interfaces
The text description of this multicast table entry.
The list of interfaces that are designated for forwarding (Fwd:) and filtering (Flt:).
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Forwarding Interfaces
The forwarding list is derived from combining all the component’s forwarding
interfaces and removing the interfaces that are listed as the static filtering interfaces.
Spanning tree commands
Spanning tree bridge commands
config spanningtree bridge forwarddelay
Use this command to configure the Bridge Forward Delay parameter to a new value. Forwarddelay
is used by bridges to ensure that a new network topology has stabilized before leaving the blocking
state. The forwarddelay value is in whole seconds within a range of 4 to 30, with the value being
greater than or equal to ((Bridge Max Age / 2) + 1).
Default
Format
15
config spanningtree bridge forwarddelay <4-30>
config spanningtree bridge hellotime
Use this command to configure the Hello Time parameter to a new value. Hellotime determines how
often a hello message is broadcast; it cannot be longer than MaxAge but should be longer than
forwarddelay. The hellotime value is in whole seconds within a range of 1 to 10 with the value being
less than or equal to ((Bridge Max Age / 2) - 1).
Default
Format
2
config spanningtree bridge hellotime <1-10>
config spanningtree bridge maxage
Use this command to configure the Bridge Max Age parameter to a new value. This is the value that
all bridges use for maxage when this bridge is acting as the root: A BPDU will be discarded when its
age exceeds maxage. The maxage value is in whole seconds within a range of 6 to 40, with the value
being less than or equal to (2 times (Bridge Forward Delay - 1)).
Default
Format
6
config spanningtree bridge maxage <6-40>
config spanningtree bridge priority
Use this command to configure the Bridge Priority parameter to a new value. The bridge priority
value is the first two octets of the eight octet Bridge ID. This value is a number between 0 and
61440. The lower the number the higher the priority. The twelve least significant bits will be masked
according to the IEEE 802.1s specification. This will cause the priority to be rounded down to the
next lower valid priority.
Default
Format
32768
config spanningtree bridge priority <0-61440>
show spanningtree bridge
Use this command to display the STP settings for the bridge.
Format
show spanningtree bridge
Bridge Priority
The priority component of the bridge identifier. Valid values range from 0-61440, in
increments of 4096. The lower the number the higher the priority. The factory
default is 32768.
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Bridge Identifier
The unique identifier associated with this bridge instance. It consists of the bridge
priority and the bridge’s base MAC address.
Bridge Max Age
The value that all bridges use for Max Age when this bridge is acting as the root: a
BPDU will be discarded when its age exceeds maxage.
Bridge Hello Time
The value that all bridges use for HelloTime when this bridge is acting as the root.
Hellotime determines how often a hello message is broadcast; it cannot be longer
than maxage but should be longer than forwarddelay.
Bridge Forward Delay
The value that all bridges use for Forward Delay when this bridge is acting as the
root. Forwarddelay is used by bridges to ensure that a new network topology has
stabilized before leaving the blocking state. Note that IEEE 802.1D specifies that
the range for this parameter is related to the value of STP Bridge Maximum Age.
Bridge Hold Time
Minimum time between transmission of Configuration Bridge Protocol Data Units
(BPDUs).
Spanning tree Common Spanning Tree (CST) commands
config spanningtree cst port edgeport
Use this command to specify whether a port is an edge port within the Common Spanning Tree
(CST). This will allow the port to transition to Forwarding State without delay. The <port> is the
port to be affected. The edgeport value can either be “true” or “false”.
Default
Format
false
config spanningtree cst port edgeport <port> <true/false>
config spanningtree cst port pathcost
Use this command to configure the path cost to a new value for the specified port in the CST. The
<port> is the port to be affected. The pathcost value can be specified as a number in the range of 1 to
200000000 or auto. If <auto> is specified, the pathcost value will be set based on Link Speed.
Default
Format
auto
config spanningtree cst port pathcost <port> <1-200000000/auto>
config spanningtree cst port priority
Use this command to configure the port priority to a new value for use within the CST. The <port> is
the port to be affected. The priority value is a number in the range of 0 to 240 in increments of 16.
Default
Format
128
config spanningtree cst port priority <port> <0-240>
show spanningtree cst detailed
Use this command to display STP settings for the CST.
Format
show spanningtree cst detailed
Bridge Priority
The value of the first two octets of the eight octet Bridge ID. Valid values are 0 to
61440. Factory default is 32768.
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Bridge Identifier
The unique identifier associated with this bridge instance.
Time Since Topology Change
The time (in seconds) since the last time a topology change was detected by the
bridge entity.
Topology Change Count
The total number of topology changes detected by this bridge since the management
entity was last reset or initialized.
Topology Change in progress
Boolean value of the topology change parameter for the switch indicating whether a
topology change is in progress on any port assigned to the CST.
Designated Root
The identifier of the bridge currently assumed to be the root of the spanning tree.
Root Path Cost
The cost of the path to the root as seen from this bridge.
Root Port Identifier
The port number of the port which offers the lowest cost path from this bridge to the
root bridge.
Root Port Max Age
The maximum age of STP information learned from the network on any port before
it is discarded.
Root Port Bridge Forward Delay
The value that all bridges use for forwarddelay when this bridge is acting as the
root. Values range from 4 to 30. The Factory default is 15 seconds.
Hello Time
The amount of time between the transmission of Configuration BPDUs by this node
or any port when it is the root of the spanning tree or trying to become the root.
Bridge Hold Time
Minimum time between transmission of Configuration BPDUs.
CST Regional Root
The regional root bridge.
Regional Root Path Cost
The cost of the path to the regional root as seen from this bridge.
Associated FIDs
List of forwarding database identifiers currently associated with this bridge
instance.
Associated VLANs
List of VLAN IDs currently associated with this bridge instance.
show spanningtree cst port detailed
Use this command to display the settings and parameters for a specific switch port within the CST.
The <port> is the port to be affected.
Format
show spanningtree cst port detailed <port>
Port Identifier
The port identifier for this port within the CST.
Port Priority The priority of the port within the CST.
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Port Forwarding State
The forwarding state of the port within the CST.
The role of the specified interface within the CST.
Auto-calculate Port Path Cost
Indicates whether automatic calculation of the port path cost is enabled.
Port Role
Port Path Cost
The configured path cost for the specified interface.
Designated Port Cost
Path Cost offered to the LAN by the designated port.
Designated Bridge
The bridge containing the designated port.
Designated Port Identifier
Port used to forward frames towards the root bridge for this CST on this LAN. It is
the port with the lowest cost path to the bridge and the highest port priority.
Topology Change Acknowledgement
Value of flag in next Configuration BPDU transmission indicating if a topology
change is in progress for this port.
Hello Time
Edge Port
The hello time in use for this port.
The configured value indicating if this port is an edge port.
Edge Port Status
The derived value of the edge port status. True if operating as an edge port; false
otherwise.
Point To Point MAC Status
Derived value indicating if this port is part of a point to point link.
CST Regional Root
The regional root identifier in use for this port.
CST Path Cost
The configured path cost for this port.
show spanningtree cst port summary
Use this command to display the status of one, some or all ports within the CST. The parameter
<port/listofports/all> indicates the port or ports to be affected.
Format
Port
show spanningtree cst port summary <port/listofports/all>
The interface being displayed.
STP Mode
STP State
Whether the STP is enabled or disabled on the port.
The port’s current spanning tree state. This state controls what action a port takes on
receipt of a frame. Possible states are: disabled, blocking, listening, learning,
forwarding and broken.
Port Role
Link Status
Link Trap
The role of the specified port within the spanning tree.
The operational status of the link. Possible values are “Up” or “Down”.
The link trap configuration for the specified interface.
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Spanning tree port commands
config spanningtree port migrationcheck
Use this command to force the specified port to transmit RST BPDUs. The <port> parameter
specifies the port(s) to be affected. To set the migration check for all ports with a single command,
<all> can be specified. Note that the forceversion parameter for the switch must be set to 802.1w for
this command to work.
Default
Format
disable
config spanningtree port migrationcheck <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
config spanningtree port mode
Use this command to configure the Administrative Switch Port State to a new value for the specified
port. The <port> parameter specifies the port(s) to be affected. To enable or disable all ports with a
single command, <all> can be specified. Note that a maximum of 4095 ports can be enabled.
Default
Format
disable
config spanningtree port mode <port/listofports/all> <enable/disable>
show spanningtree port
Use this command to display the STP statistics for a specific switch port.
Format
show spanningtree port <port>
Port mode
Enabled or disabled.
Port Up Time Since Counters Last Cleared
The time in days, hours, minutes, and seconds since the counters were last reset.
STP BPDUs Transmitted
The number of STP BPDUs sent by this port.
STP BPDUs Received
The number of STP BPDUs received by this port.
RSTP BPDUs Transmitted
The number of Rapid Reconfiguration STP BPDUs sent by this port.
RSTP BPDUs Received
The number of Rapid Reconfiguration STP BPDUs received by this port.
Spanning tree summary commands
config spanningtree adminmode
Use this command to configure the STP operational mode. While the operational mode is disabled,
the spanning tree configuration is retained and can be changed, but it is not activated.
Default
Format
disable
config spanningtree adminmode <enable/disable>
config spanningtree forceversion
Use this command to select which version of the STP will be used. The <version> can be one of the
following:
•
802.1D - IEEE 802.1D functionality supported: STP BPDUs are transmitted rather than
R(Rapid)STP BPDUs
•
802.1w - IEEE 802.1w functionality supported: RSTP BPDUs are transmitted rather than STP
BPDUs
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Default
Format
IEEE 802.1D
config spanningtree forceversion <802.1D/802.1w>
show spanningtree summary
Use this command to display STP settings and parameters for the switch.
Format
Spanning Tree Adminmode
Enabled or disabled.
Spanning Tree Version
Indicates which version of the STP is being run. Possible values are IEEE 802.1w,
or IEEE 802.1D.
Configuration Digest Key
Calculated value used as part of the configuration identifier.
Configuration Format Selector
show spanningtree summary
Identifies the level of the IEEE 802.1 standard in use by the switch.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) commands
config vlan bcaststorm
Use this command to enable or disable broadcast storm control for a particular Virtual Local Area
Network (VLAN). If broadcast storm control is enabled, storms are controlled by counting the
number of broadcast packets within a certain time period. If the [packets per second] count limit is
exceeded, the packets are discarded.
Default
Format
disable
config vlan bcaststorm <1-4094> <enable/disable> [packets per second]
config vlan create
Use this command to create a new VLAN and assign it an ID. The ID is a VLAN identification
number in the range of 2-4094 (ID 1 is reserved for the default VLAN).
Format config vlan create <2-4094>
config vlan delete
Use this command to delete an existing VLAN. The ID is a valid VLAN identification number. The
default VLAN cannot be deleted.
Format
config vlan delete <2-4094>
config vlan makestatic
Use this command to change a dynamically created VLAN (one that is created by GVRP
registration) to a static VLAN (one that is permanently configured and defined) The number
identifies an existing VLAN.
Format
config vlan makestatic <2-4094>
config vlan mcaststorm
Use this command to enable or disable multicast storm control for a particular VLAN. If multicast
storm control is enabled, storms are controlled by counting the number of multicast packets within a
certain time period. If the [packets per second] count limit is exceeded, the packets are discarded.
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Default
Format
disable
config vlan mcaststorm <1-4094> <enable/disable> [packets per second]
config vlan name
Use this command to change the name of a VLAN. The name is an alphanumeric string of up to 16
characters, and the number identifies an existing VLAN.
Default
The name for VLAN ID 1 is always Default. The default name for other VLANs is
a blank string.
Format
config vlan name <name> <2-4094>
config vlan participation
Use this command to configure the degree of participation for a specific interface in a VLAN. The
number identifies an existing VLAN, and the parameter <port/listofports/all> indicates the port or
ports to be affected.
Format
config vlan participation <exclude/include/auto> <1-4094> <port/listofports/all>
Participation options are:
include
exclude
auto
The interface is always a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to registration
fixed.
The interface is never a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to registration
forbidden.
The interface is dynamically registered in this VLAN by GVRP. The interface will
not participate in this VLAN unless a join request is received on this interface. This
is equivalent to registration normal.
config vlan port acceptframe
Use this command to configure the frame acceptance mode for the specified port(s). Possible values
are:
all
Both tagged and untagged frames are accepted. Untagged frames will be assigned the PVID
and default priority configured for the port(s) for this VLAN.
vlan Untagged frames are discarded.
With either option, VLAN tagged packets are forwarded in accordance with the IEEE 802.1Q
VLAN Specification.
Default
Format
all
config vlan port acceptframe <all/vlanonly> <port/listofports/all>
config vlan port priority
Use this command to change the default IEEE 802.1p port priority assigned to untagged frames
received on the specified port(s) for the specified VLAN.
Default
Format
0
config vlan port priority <0-7> <port/listofports/all>
config vlan port pvid
Use this command to change the VLAN ID that the specified port(s) will assign to untagged frames
if untagged frames are accepted.
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Default
Format
1
config vlan port pvid <1-4094> <port/listofports/all>
config vlan port tagging
Use this command to configure the tagging behavior for a specific interface in a VLAN. If tagging is
enabled, all traffic is transmitted as tagged frames. If tagging is disabled, all traffic is transmitted as
untagged frames. The parameter <port/listofports/all> indicates the port or ports to be affected.
Format
config vlan port tagging <enable/disable> <port/listofports/all>
show vlan detailed
Use this command to display detailed information, including interface information, for a specific
VLAN.
Format
show vlan detailed
VLAN ID
There is a VLAN Identifier (VLAN ID) associated with each VLAN. The range of
the VLAN ID is 1 to 4094.
VLAN Name
A string associated with this VLAN as a convenience. It can be up to 16
alphanumeric characters long, including blanks. The default is blank. VLAN ID 1
always has a name of “Default”. This field is optional.
VLAN Type The type of VLAN. A VLAN can be:
•
•
•
the Default VLAN (VLAN ID = 1)
a static VLAN, one that is created using the config vlan create command
a Dynamic VLAN, one that is created by GVRP registration
In order to change a VLAN from Dynamic to Static, use the config vlan makestatic
command.
Broadcast Storm Control
Displays the administrative mode of broadcast storm control for this VLAN. The
threshold value for broadcast storm control is in packets per second.
Multicast Storm Control
Displays the administrative mode of multicast storm control for this VLAN. The
threshold value for broadcast storm control in packets per second.
Port
Indicates which port is associated with the fields on this line.
Current
Displays the degree of participation of this port in this VLAN. The permissible
values are:
Include
This port is always a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to
registration fixed in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Exclude
Autodetect
This port is never a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to
registration forbidden in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
This port will not participate in this VLAN unless a GVRP join
request is received on this port. This is equivalent to registration
normal in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Configured
Displays the configured degree of participation of this port in this VLAN. The
permissible values are:
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Include
This port is always a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to
registration fixed in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Exclude
Autodetect
This port is never a member of this VLAN. This is equivalent to
registration forbidden in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
This port will not participate in this VLAN unless a GVRP join
request is received on this port. This is equivalent to registration
normal in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Tagging
Displays the tagging behavior for this port in this VLAN. The default is untagged.
Tagged
All frames transmitted for this VLAN will be tagged.
All frames transmitted for this VLAN will be untagged.
Untagged
show vlan port
Use this command to display VLAN port information.
Format
show vlan port <port/listofports/all>
Port
Indicates which port is associated with the fields on this line.
Port VLAN ID
The VLAN ID that this port will assign to untagged frames or priority tagged
frames received on this port if the acceptable frame types parameter is set to Admit
All. The factory default is 1.
Acceptable Frame Types
The types of frames that may be received on this port. The options are VLAN only
and admit all. When set to VLAN only, untagged frames or priority tagged frames
received on this port are discarded. When set to admit all, untagged frames or
priority tagged frames received on this port are accepted and assigned the value of
the Port VLAN ID for this port. With either option, VLAN tagged frames are
forwarded in accordance with the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN specification.
GVRP
Indicates whether GVRP is enabled or disabled on the port.
Default Priority
The IEEE 802.1p priority that will be assigned to untagged frames accepted on this
port for this VLAN.
show vlan summary
Use this command to display information about all configured VLANs.
Format
show vlan summary
VLAN ID
There is a VLAN Identifier (VLAN ID) associated with each VLAN. The range of
the VLAN ID is 1 to 4094.
VLAN Name
A string associated with this VLAN as a convenience. It can be up to 16
alphanumeric characters long, including blanks. The default is blank. VLAN ID 1
always has a name of ‘Default’. This field is optional.
VLAN Type What type of VLAN this is. A VLAN can be:
•
•
•
the Default VLAN (VLAN ID = 1)
a static VLAN, one that is created using the config vlan create command
a Dynamic VLAN, one that is created by GVRP registration
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In order to change a VLAN from dynamic to static, use the config vlan makestatic
command.
BcastStorm
This displays the administrative mode of broadcast storm control for this VLAN. If
storm control is enabled, storms are controlled by counting the number of broadcast
packets within a certain time period. If a count limit is exceeded, the packets are
discarded.
McastStorm This displays the administrative mode of multicast storm control for this VLAN. If
storm control is enabled, storms are controlled by counting the number of multicast
packets within a certain time period. If a count limit is exceeded, the packets are
discarded.
Class of Service commands
config classofservice 802.1pmapping
Use this command to map an User priority to a Traffic Class priority queue.
Default = see table below
Table 6. Classofservice 802.1p Mapping
IEEE 802.1p priority
IXE5416 priority queue
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
1
0
3
4
5
6
7
Format
config classofservice 802.1pmapping <0-7> <0-7>
show classofservice 802.1pmapping
Use this command to show the current mapping of IEEE 802.1p priority values to traffic class
priority queues.
Format
show classofservice 802.1pmapping
User Priority
The IEEE 802.1p priority number. The range is 0 to 7.
Traffic Class Priority Queue
The priority queue number. The range is 0 to 7.
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Security configuration commands
This section describes the commands used to configure and manage the security features of the
Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E. These features include:
•
•
•
•
•
Authentication commands
IEEE 802.1X Port-based network access control
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)
Secure Shell (SSH) commands
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) commands
Authentication commands
config authentication login create
Use this command to create an authentication login list. The <listname> is up to 15 alphanumeric
characters and is case sensitive. Up to 10 authentication login lists can be configured on the switch.
When a list is created, the authentication method “local” is set as the first method. Authentication
methods can be changed using the config authentication login set command.
Format
config authentication login create <listname>
config authentication login delete
Use this command to delete the specified authentication login list. The command will fail if any of
the following conditions are true:
•
•
•
The login list name is invalid or does not identify an existing login list
The specified login list is currently assigned to a user or to the nonconfigured user
The specified login list is the default login list included with the default configuration and was
not created using the config authentication login set command.
Format
config authentication login delete <listname>
config authentication login set
Use this command to configure an ordered list of methods for the specified authentication login list.
You may specify up to three methods. The possible methods are local, radius, and reject.
The value of local indicates that the user’s locally stored ID and password should be used for
authentication. The value of radius indicates that the user’s ID and password will be authenticated
using the RADIUS server. The value of reject indicates that the user is never authenticated.
To authenticate a user, the authentication methods in the user’s login list will be attempted in order
until an authentication attempt succeeds or fails.
Note that the default login list included with the default configuration can not be changed.
Format
config authentication login set <listname> <local/radius/reject>
[local/radius/reject] [local/radius/reject]
config users defaultlogin
Use this command to assign the authentication login list to be used when a non-configured user
attempts to log in to the system. This setting is overridden by the authentication login list assigned to
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a specific user if the user is configured locally. If this value is not configured, users will be
authenticated using local authentication only.
Format
config users defaultlogin <listname>
config users login
Use this command to assign the specified authentication login list to the specified user for system
login. The <user> must be a configured user and <listname> must be a configured login list.
If the user is assigned a login list that requires remote authentication, all access to the interface from
CLI, web, and Telnet sessions will be blocked until the authentication is complete. Refer to the
discussion of maximum delay in the config radius maxretransmit and config radius timeout
commands.
Note that the login list associated with the user with Read/write privileges cannot be changed, to
prevent accidental lockout from the switch.
Format
config users login <user> <listname>
show authentication login info
Use this command to display the ordered authentication methods for all authentication login lists.
Format
Authentication Login List
The login list whose information is displayed on this line.
show authentication login info
Method 1
Method 2
Method 3
The first method in the login list, if any.
The second method in the login list, if any.
The third method in the login list, if any.
show authentication login users
Use this command to display information about the users assigned to the specified login list. If the
login list is assigned to non-configured users, the word “default” will appear as the user name.
Format
User
show authentication login users <listname>
The user assigned to the specified login list.
Component
The component, either user or 802.1X, for which the login list is assigned.
show users authentication
Use this command to display all user and authentication login information for the switch, including
the login list assigned to the default user.
Format
User
show users authentication
A list of all users with an assigned login list.
System login
The authentication login list assigned to the user for system login.
802.1X
The authentication login list assigned to the user for IEEE 802.1X port security.
IEEE 802.1X commands
clear dot1x port stats
Use this command to reset the IEEE 802.1X statistics for the specified port(s).
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Format
clear dot1x port stats <port/all>
config dot1x adminmode
Use this command to enable or disable authentication support on the switch. The default value is
disable. In disabled mode, the dot1x configuration is retained and can be changed, but it is not
activated.
Default
Format
disable
config dot1x adminmode <enable/disable>
config dot1x defaultlogin
Use this command to assign the authentication login list to use for non-configured users for IEEE
802.1X port security. This setting is overridden by the authentication login list assigned to a specific
user if the user is configured locally. If this value is not configured, users will be authenticated using
local authentication only.
Format
config dot1x defaultlogin <listname>
config dot1x login
Use this command to assign the specified authentication login list to the specified user for port
security. The <user> must be a configured user and the <listname> must be a configured login list.
Format config dot1x login <listname>
config dot1x port controlmode
Use this command to configure the authentication mode to be used on the specified port or ports.
The control mode may be one of the following:
forceunauthorized
The authenticator Port Access Entity (PAE) unconditionally sets the controlled
port(s) to unauthorized mode
forceauthorized
The authenticator PAE unconditionally sets the controlled port(s) to authorized
mode
auto
The authenticator PAE sets the controlled port(s) mode to reflect the result of the
authentication exchanges between the supplicant, authenticator and authentication
server.
Default
Format
auto
config dot1x port controlmode <port/listofports/all>
<forceunauthorized/forceauthorized/auto>
config dot1x port initialize
Use this command to begin the initialization sequence on the specified port. This command is only
valid if dot1x is enabled and the control mode for the specified port is “auto”.
Default
Format
disable
config dot1x port initialize <port>
config dot1x port maxrequests
Use this command to configure the maximum number of times the authenticator state machine on
the specified port will retransmit an Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LANs (EAPOL) EAP
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Request/Identity before timing out the supplicant. The maximum requests value must be in the range
of 1 and 10.
Default
Format
2
config dot1x port maxrequests <port> <1-10>
config dot1x port quietperiod
Use this command to configure the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state
machine on the specified port to define periods of time in which it will not attempt to acquire a
supplicant. The quiet period is the period for which the authenticator does not attempt to acquire a
supplicant after a failed authentication exchange with the supplicant. The quiet period must be a
value in the range of 0 and 65535.
Default
Format
60
config dot1x port quietperiod <port> <0-65535>
config dot1x port reauthenabled
Use this command to enable or disable reauthentication of the supplicant for the specified port. The
reauthenabled value must be true or false. If the value is true reauthentication will occur. Otherwise,
reauthentication will not be allowed.
Default
Format
false
config dot1x port reauthenabled <port> <true/false>
config dot1x port reauthenticate
Use this command to begin the reauthentication sequence on the specified port. This command is
only valid if dot1x is enabled and the control mode for the specified port is “auto”.
Default
Format
disable
config dot1x port reauthenticate <port>
config dot1x port reauthperiod
Use this command to configure the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state
machine on this port to determine when reauthentication of the supplicant takes place. The
reauthperiod must be between 1 and 65535.
Default
Format
3600
config dot1x port reauthperiod <port> <1-65535>
config dot1x port servertimeout
Use this command to configure the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator on the
specified port to timeout the authentication server. The server timeout must be between 1 and 65535.
Default
Format
30
config dot1x port servertimeout <port> <1-65535>
config dot1x port supptimeout
Use this command to configure the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state
machine on the specified port to timeout the supplicant. The supplicant timeout must be between 1
and 6553.
Default
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Format
config dot1x port supptimeout <port> <1-65535>
config dot1x port transmitperiod
Use this command to configure the value, in seconds, of the timer used by the authenticator state
machine on the specified port to determine when to send an EAPOL EAP Request/Identity frame to
the supplicant. The transmit period must be a value in the range of 1 and 65535.
Default
Format
30
config dot1x port transmitperiod <port> <1-65535>
config dot1x port users add
Use this command to add the specified user to the list of users with access to the specified port(s).
The user must be a configured user and the port must be a valid port. By default, a user is given
access to all ports.
Default
Format
all
config dot1x port users add <user> <port/all>
config dot1x port users remove
Use this command to remove the specified user from the list of users with access to the specified
port(s).
Format
config dot1x port users remove <user> <port/all>
show dot1x port detailed
Use this command to display the details of the IEEE 802.1X configuration parameters for the
specified port.
Format
Port
show dot1x port detailed <port>
The interface whose configuration is displayed on this row.
Protocol Version
The version of IEEE 802.1X active on the port. Currently this is always 1.
PAE Capabilities
The port access entity state of the port. Either authenticator of supplicant.
Authenticator PAE State
The current state of the authenticator state machine. Possible values are initialize,
disconnected, connecting, authenticating, authenticated, aborting, held,
forceauthorized, and forceunauthorized.
Backend Authentication State
The current state of the back-end authentication state machine. Possible values are
request, response, success, fail, timeout, idle, and initialize.
Quiet Period (secs)
The timer used by the authenticator state machine on this port to define periods of
time in which it will not attempt to acquire a supplicant. The value is expressed in
seconds and will be in the range 0 and 65535.
Transmit Period (secs)
The timer used by the authenticator state machine on the specified port to determine
when to send an EAPOL EAP Request/Identity frame to the supplicant. The value is
expressed in seconds and will be between 1 and 65535.
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Supplicant Timeout (secs)
The timer used by the authenticator state machine on this port to timeout the
supplicant. The value is expressed in seconds and will be between 1 and 65535.
Server Timeout (secs)
The timer used by the authenticator on this port to timeout the authentication server.
The value is expressed in seconds and will be in the range of 1 and 65535.
Maximum Requests
The maximum number of times the authenticator state machine on this port will
retransmit an EAPOL EAP Request/Identity before timing out the supplicant. The
value will be in the range of 1 and 10.
Reauthentication Period (secs)
The timer used by the authenticator state machine on this port to determine when
reauthentication of the supplicant takes place. The value is expressed in seconds and
will be between 1 and 65535.
Reauthentication Enabled
Indicates whether reauthentication is enabled for the port.
Key Transmission Enabled
Indicates whether a key is transmitted to the supplicant from the port.
Control Direction
Indicates the control direction for the port. Possible values are both and in.
show dot1x port stats
Use this command to display the IEEE 802.1X statistics for the specified port.
Format
Port
show dot1x port stats <port>
The interface whose statistics are displayed on this row.
EAPOL Frames Received
The number of valid Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL)
frames of any type that have been received by the authenticator port.
EAPOL Frames Transmitted
The number of valid EAPOL frames of any type that have been transmitted by the
authenticator port.
EAPOL Start Frames Received
The number of EAPOL start frames that have been received by the authenticator
port.
EAPOL Logoff Frames Received
The number of EAPOL logoff frames that have been received by the authenticator
port.
Last EAPOL Frame Version
The protocol version number in the most recently received EAPOL frame.
Last EAPOL Frame Source
The source MAC address in the most recently received EAPOL frame.
EAP Response/ID Frames Received
The number of EAP response/identity frames that have been received by the
authenticator port.
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EAP Response Frames Received
The number of EAP response frames (other than response/identity frames) that have
been received by the authenticator port.
EAP Request/ID Frames Transmitted
The number of EAP response/identity frames that have been transmitted by the
authenticator port.
EAP Response Frames Transmitted
The number of EAP response frames (other than response/identity frames) that have
been transmitted by the authenticator port.
Invalid EAPOL Frames Received
The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by the authenticator port
with an unrecognized frame type.
EAP Length Error Frames Received
The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by the authenticator port
with an incorrect length.
show dot1x port summary
Use this command to display a summary of the IEEE 802.1x configuration parameters for the
specified port(s).
Format
show dot1x port summary <port/listofports/all>
Port
The interface whose configuration is displayed on this row.
Control Mode
The configured control mode: forceunauthorized, forceauthorized or auto.
Operating Control Mode
The active control mode.
Reauthentication Enabled
Indicates whether reauthentication is enabled for the port.
Transmission Enabled
Indicates whether a key is transmitted to the supplicant from the port.
Indicates whether a port is authorized.
Port Status
show dot1x port users
Use this command to display IEEE 802.1X port security information about locally configured users.
Format
User
show dot1x port users <port>
The locally configured users with access to the specified port.
show dot1x summary
Use this command to display a summary of the IEEE 802.1X configuration parameters for the
switch.
Format
Administrative mode
Indicates whether authentication control is enabled on the switch.
show dot1x summary
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Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) commands
RADIUS accounting commands
config radius accounting mode
Use this command to enable or disable the RADIUS accounting function.
Default
Format
disable
config radius accounting mode <enable/disable>
config radius accounting server add
Use this command to configure the IP address to be used to access the accounting server. Only a
single accounting server can be configured. If an accounting server is currently configured it must be
removed using the config radius accounting server remove command before this command will
succeed.
Format
config radius accounting server add <ipaddr>
config radius accounting server port
Use this command to configure which User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port will be used to access the
accounting server. The IP address specified must match that of the previously configured accounting
server. If a port is already configured for the accounting server, the new port will replace the
previously configured value.
Default
Format
1813
config radius accounting server port <ipaddr> <0-65535>
config radius accounting server remove
Use this command to remove a configured accounting server. The IP address specified must match
that of the previously configured accounting server. Since only a single accounting server is
supported, issuing this command will cause future accounting attempts to fail.
Format
config radius accounting server remove <ipaddr>
config radius accounting server secret
Use this command to configure the secret shared between the RADIUS client and accounting server.
The IP address specified must match that of the previously configured accounting server. When you
enter this command, you will be prompted to enter the secret, which must be an alphanumeric value
of 20 characters or less.
Format
config radius accounting server secret <ipaddr>
show radius accounting stats
Use this command to display the RADIUS statistics for the accounting server.
Format
Accounting Server IP Address
The IP address of the server whose statistics are displayed on this row.
Round Trip Time
The time, in hundredths of a second, between the most recent RADIUS accounting
show radius accounting stats <ipaddr>
response and the matching accounting request from this RADIUS accounting
server.
Accounting Requests
The number of RADIUS accounting request packets sent to this accounting server,
not including retransmissions.
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Accounting Retransmissions
The number of RADIUS accounting request packets retransmitted to this
accounting server.
Accounting Responses
The number of RADIUS packets received from this accounting server.
Malformed Accounting Responses
The number of malformed RADIUS accounting response packets received from this
accounting server, including packets with invalid length but not including packets
with bad authenticators or unknown types.
Bad Authenticators
The number of RADIUS accounting response packets received from this accounting
server, including packets with invalid authenticators.
Pending Requests
The number of RADIUS accounting request packets sent to this accounting server
that have not yet timed out or received a response.
Timeouts
The number of RADIUS packets sent to this accounting server that have timed out.
Unknown Types
The number of RADIUS packets of unknown type received from this accounting
server.
Packets Dropped
The number of RADIUS packets received from this accounting server dropped for a
reason not otherwise included in this list.
show radius accounting summary
Use this command to display a summary of the RADIUS accounting configuration parameters for
the switch.
Format
Accounting Mode
Indicates whether accounting mode is enabled or disabled.
show radius accounting summary
IP Address
Port
The IP address of the RADIUS accounting server currently in use.
The port used to access the accounting server.
Secret configured
Indicates whether a secret has been configured for the accounting server.
RADIUS configuration / summary commands
clear radius stats
Use this command to reset all RADIUS statistics for the switch. You will be prompted to confirm
this choice.
Format
clear radius stats
config radius maxretransmit
Use this command to configure the maximum number of times a request packet is retransmitted
when no response is received from the RADIUS server. The maxretransmit value is an integer in the
range of 1 and 15.
Consideration should be given to the maximum delay time when configuring RADIUS
maxretransmit and timeout values. If multiple RADIUS servers are configured, the maxretransmit
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value on each will be exhausted before the next server is attempted. A retransmit will not occur until
the configured timeout value on that server has passed without a response from the RADIUS server.
Therefore, the maximum delay in receiving a response from the RADIUS application equals the sum
of maxretransmit times timeout for all configured servers. If the RADIUS request was generated by
a user login attempt, all user interfaces will be blocked until the RADIUS application returns a
response.
Default
Format
4
config radius maxretransmit <1-15>
config radius timeout
Use this command to configure the timeout value (in seconds) after which a request must be
retransmitted to the radius server if no response is received.
Consideration should be given to the maximum delay time when configuring RADIUS
maxretransmit and timeout values. If multiple RADIUS servers are configured, the maxretransmit
value on each will be exhausted before the next server is attempted. A retransmit will not occur until
the configured timeout value on that server has passed without a response from the RADIUS server.
Therefore, the maximum delay in receiving a response from the RADIUS application equals the sum
of maxretransmit times timeout for all configured servers. If the RADIUS request was generated by
a user login attempt, all user interfaces will be blocked until the RADIUS application returns a
response.
Default
Format
5
config radius timeout <1-30>
show radius stats
Use this command to display RADIUS statistics for the switch that are not associated with a specific
server or accounting server.
Format
Invalid Server Address
The number of RADIUS access response packets received from an unknown
address.
show radius summary
Use this command to display a summary of the RADIUS configuration parameters for the switch.
Format show radius summary
Current Server IP Address
The IP address of the RADIUS server currently used for authentication.
Number of Configured Servers
The number of RADIUS servers that have been configured.
Max Number of Retransmits
The maximum number of times a request packet will be retransmitted.
Timeout Duration (secs)
The timeout value, in seconds, for request retransmissions.
Accounting Mode
Indicates whether accounting is currently enabled.
show radius stats
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RADIUS server commands
config radius server add
Use this command to configure the IP address used to connect to a RADIUS server. Up to three
servers can be configured for each RADIUS client. If three servers are currently configured, one
must be removed using the config radius server remove command before the add command will
succeed. Once a server has been added it will be identified in future commands by its IP address.
Format
config radius server add <ipaddr>
config radius server msgauth
Use this command to enable or disable the message authenticator attribute for the specified RADIUS
server. Enabling the message authenticator attribute provides additional security for the connection
between the RADIUS client and server. Some RADIUS servers require that the message
authenticator attribute be enabled before authentication requests from the RADIUS client will be
accepted. The IP address specified must match that of a configured server.
Format
config radius server msgauth <ipaddr> <enable/disable>
config radius server port
Use this command to configure which UDP port will be used to access the specified RADIUS
server. The IP address specified must match that of the previously configured RADIUS server.
Default
Format
1812
config radius server port <ipaddr> <0-65535>
config radius server primary
Use this command to specify which configured server should be the primary server for this RADIUS
client. The primary is the server that is used by default for handling RADIUS requests. The
remaining configured servers are used only if the primary server cannot be reached. A maximum of
three servers can be configured on each client. Only one server can be configured as the primary
server. If a primary server is currently configured and this command is issued, the server specified
by the IP address used in this command will become the new primary server. The IP address
specified must match that of a configured server.
Format
config radius server primary <ipaddr>
config radius server remove
Use this command to remove a configured RADIUS server. The IP address specified must match
that of the previously configured RADIUS server. When a server is removed all configuration for
the server is erased including the shared secret. If the removed server was the primary server, one of
the remaining configured servers will be used as the RADIUS server for future RADIUS requests.
Format
config radius server remove <ipaddr>
config radius server secret
Use this command to configure the secret shared between the RADIUS client and server. A secret
must be configured for each RADIUS server. The IP address specified must match that of a
previously configured RADIUS server. When you enter this command, you will be prompted to
enter the secret, which must be an alphanumeric value of 20 characters or less.
Format
config radius server secret <ipaddr>
show radius server stats
Use this command to display the statistics for a configured RADIUS server.
Format
show radius server stats <ipaddr>
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Server IP Address
The IP address of the server whose information is displayed on this row.
Round Trip Time
The time, in seconds, between the most recent RADIUS access reply/access
challenge and the matching access request from this RADIUS server.
Access Requests
The number of RADIUS access request packets sent to this server, not including
retransmissions.
Access Retransmissions
The number of RADIUS access request packets retransmitted to this server.
Access Accepts
Access Rejects
The number of RADIUS Access-Accept packets, both valid and invalid, received
from this server.
The number of RADIUS Access-Reject packets, both valid and invalid, received
from this server.
Access Challenges
The number of RADIUS access challenge packets, both valid and invalid, received
from this server.
Malformed Access Responses
The number of malformed RADIUS access response packets received from this
server, including packets with invalid length but not including packets with bad
authenticators, bad signature attributes or unknown types.
Bad Authenticators
The number of RADIUS access response packets received from this server,
including packets with invalid authenticators or signature attributes.
Pending Requests
The number of RADIUS access request packets sent to this server that have not yet
timed out or received a response.
Timeouts
The number of RADIUS packets sent to this server that have timed out.
Unknown Types
The number of RADIUS packets of unknown type received from to this server.
Packets Dropped
The number of RADIUS packets received from this server dropped for a reason not
otherwise included in this list.
show radius server summary
Use this command to display a summary of the configured RADIUS servers.
Format
Current
IP Address
Port
show radius server summary
Indicates the server currently in use for authentication.
The IP address of the authentication server.
The port used to access the authentication server.
Indicates whether the server is primary or secondary.
Type
Secret configured
Indicates whether a secret has been configured for the authentication server.
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Secure Shell (SSH) commands
config ssh adminmode
Use this command to enable or disable SSH.
Default
Format
Disabled
config ssh adminmode <enable/disable>
config ssh protocol
Use this command to set or remove protocol levels (or versions) for SSH. Either SSH1 (1), SSH2 (2)
or both (1 and 2) can be set.
Default
Format
both
config ssh protocol <ssh1/ssh2/both>
show ssh info
Displays the SSH settings.
Format
show ssh info
Administrative Mode
Indicates whether the administrative mode of SSH is enabled or disabled.
Protocol Level
The protocol level may have the values of version 1, version 2 or both versions 1
and 2.
Connections Specifies the current SSH connections.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) commands
config http secureport
Use this command to configure the SSL port where port is between 1 and 65535.
Default
Format
443
config http secureport <port>
config http secureprotocol
Use this command to enable or disable SSL and set protocol levels (versions). The protocol level can
be set to TLS1, SSL3 or to both TLS1 and SSL3.
Default
Format
both
config ip http secure-protocol <ssl3/tls1/both> <add/remove>
config http secureserver adminmode
Command is used to enable/disable the SSL for secure HTTP.
Default
Format
disable
config http secureserver adminmode <enable\disable>
show http info
Displays the http settings for the switch.
Format
show http info
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Mode
Secure-Server Administrative Mode
Indicates whether the administrative mode of secure HTTP is enabled or disabled.
Secure Protocol Level
The protocol level may have the values of SSL3, TSL1 or both.
Specifies the port configured for SSL.
Privileged EXEC
Secure Port
HTTP Mode Indicates whether the HTTP mode is enabled or disabled.
Quality of Service (QoS) commands
This section describes the commands used to configure and manage the Quality of Service (QoS)
features of the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E. These features include:
•
•
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
Bandwidth provisioning
Access Control List (ACL) commands
An ACL consists of a set of rules which are matched sequentially against a packet. When a packet
meets the match criteria of a rule, the specified rule action (permit/deny) is taken and the additional
rules are not checked for a match. This section describes the commands you use to specify the
interfaces to which an ACL applies, whether it applies to inbound or outbound traffic and its match
criteria.
config acl create
Use this command to create an ACL identified by the parameter <aclid>. The ACL number is an
integer from 1 to 100.
Format
config acl create <aclid>
config acl delete
Use this command to delete an ACL identified by the parameter <aclid> from the system.
Format
config acl delete <aclid>
config acl interface add
Use this command to associate an ACL with an interface and specifies whether it affects inbound or
outbound traffic. The <direction> parameter can have the values of in or out. The <aclid> parameter
specifies the ACL to add.
Format
config acl interface add <port> <direction> <aclid>
config acl interface remove
Use this command to disassociate an ACL from an interface for the specified direction. The
<direction> parameter can have the values of in or out. The <aclid> parameter specifies the ACL to
remove.
Format
config acl interface remove <port> <direction> <aclid>
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config acl rule action
Use this command to specify the action for the ACL and rule referenced by the parameters <aclid>
and <rulenum>. The values of permit or deny indicate how this rule is applied.
Format
config acl rule action <aclid> <rulenum> <permit/deny>
config acl rule create
Use this command to create a rule within the ACL referenced by the parameter <aclid>. The rule is
identified by the <rulenum> parameter. An ACL may have up to 10 user-specified rules, whose
<rulenum> ranges from 1 to 10. Rules are created with a default action of deny.
Default
Format
deny
config acl rule create <aclid> <rulenum>
config acl rule delete
Use this command to remove a rule from the ACL referenced by the parameter <aclid>. The rule is
identified by the <rulenum> parameter.
Format
config acl rule delete <aclid> <rulenum>
config acl rule match dstip
Use this command to specify a destination IP address and mask match condition for the ACL rule
referenced by the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameters. The <ipaddr> and <ipmask> parameters are
4-digit dotted-decimal numbers which represent the destination IP address and IP mask,
respectively.
Format
config acl rule match dstip <aclid> <rulenum> <ipaddr> <ipmask>
config acl rule match dstl4port keyword
Use this command to specify a destination layer 4 port match condition for the ACL rule referenced
by the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameters. The <portkey> parameter uses a single keyword notation
and currently has the values of domain, echo, ftp, ftpdata, http, smtp, snmp, Telnet, tftp and www.
Each of these values translates into its equivalent port number, which is used as both the start and
end of a port range.
This command and the config acl match destl4port number command are two methods of
specifying the destination layer 4 port range as a match condition. Either command can be used to
configure or modify the destination layer 4 port range.
Format
config acl rule match dstl4port keyword <aclid> <rulenum> <portkey>
config acl rule match dstl4port number
Use this command to specify a destination layer 4 port match condition for the ACL rule referenced
by the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameters. The <startport> and <endport> parameters identify the
first and last ports that are part of the port range. They have values from 0 to 65535. The ending port
must have a value equal to or greater than the starting port. The starting port, ending port and all
ports in between will be part of the destination port range.
Either this command or the config acl match destl4port keyword command may be used to specify
a destination layer 4 port range as a match condition.
Format
config acl rule match dstl4port range <aclid> <rulenum> <startport> <endport>
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config acl rule match every
Use this command to specify a match condition in which all packets will be considered to match the
ACL rule referenced by the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameter. If the parameter <true/false> is set to
<true>, all packets will be either permitted or denied based on the action setting for the rule and no
other match conditions may be specified. Specifying <false> allows other match conditions to be
specified.
Format
config acl rule match every <aclid> <rulenum> <true/false>
config acl rule match protocol keyword
Use this command to specify the IP protocol of a packet as a match condition for the ACL rule
referenced by the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameters. The <protocolkey> parameter identifies the
protocol using a single keyword notation and has the possible values of ICMP, IGMP, IP, TCP and
UDP. A protocol keyword of ip is interpreted to match all protocol number values.
Either this command or the config acl match protocol number command can be used to specify an
IP protocol value as a match criterion.
Format
config acl rule match protocol keyword <aclid> <rulenum> <protocolkey>
config acl rule match protocol number
Use this command to specify a protocol number as a match condition for the ACL rule referenced by
the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameters. The <protocolnum> parameter identifies the protocol by
number. The protocol number is a standard value assigned by IANA and is an integer from 0 to 255.
Either this command or the config acl match protocol keyword command can be used to specify an
IP protocol value as a match criterion.
Format
config acl rule match protocol number <aclid> <rulenum> <protocolnum>
<protocolmask>
config acl rule match srcip
Use this command to specify a packet’s source IP address and Mask as a match condition for the
ACL rule referenced by the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameters. The <ipaddr> and <ipmask>
parameters are 4-digit dotted-decimal numbers which represent the source IP address and IP mask,
respectively.
Format
config acl rule match srcip <aclid> <rulenum> <ipaddr> <ipmask>
config acl rule match srcl4port keyword
Use this command to specify a source layer 4 port match condition for the ACL rule referenced by
the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameters. The <portkey> uses a single keyword notation and has the
possible values of domain, echo, ftp, ftpdata, http, smtp, snmp, Telnet, tftp and www. Each of these
values translates into its equivalent port number, which is used as both the start and end of the port
range.
This command and the config acl match srcl4port number command are two methods of
specifying the source layer 4 port range as a match condition. Either command can be used to
configure or modify the source layer 4 port range.
Format
config acl rule match srcl4port keyword <aclid> <rulenum> <portkey>
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config acl rule match srcl4port number
Use this command to specify a packet’s source layer 4 port match condition for the ACL rule
referenced by the <aclid> and <rulenum> parameters. The <startport> and <endport> parameters
identify the first and last ports that are part of the port range and have values from 0 to 65535. The
ending port must have a value equal or greater than the starting port. The starting port, ending port
and all ports in between will be part of the contiguous source port range.
Either this command or config acl match srcl4port keyword can be used to specify a source layer 4
port range as a match criterion.
Format
config acl rule match srcl4port range <aclid> <rulenum> <startport> <endport>
show acl detailed
Use this command to display an ACL and all of the rules that are defined for the ACL. The <aclid>
is the number used to identify the ACL.
Format
show acl detailed <aclid>
Rule Number
Displays the number identifier for each rule that is defined for the ACL.
Action
Displays the action that will be taken if a packet matches the rule's criteria. The
choices are permit or deny.
Protocol
Displays which IP protocol (if any) is a match condition for the rule. The possible
values are ICMP, IGMP, IP, TCP, and UDP.
Source IP Address
Displays the source IP address (if any) that is a match condition for this rule.
Source IP Mask
Displays the source IP mask (if any) that is a match condition for this rule.
Source Ports Displays the source port range (if any) that is a match condition for this rule.
Service Type Field Match
Indicates whether an IP DSCP, IP Precedence or IP TOS match condition is
specified for this rule.
Service Type Field Value
Indicates the value specified for the Service Type Field Match (IP DSCP, IP
Precedence or IP TOS) if it a match condition for this rule.
show acl summary
Use this command to display a summary of the ACLs associated with interfaces in the system.
Format
show acl summary
ACL ID
Rules
Displays the ACL identifier.
Displays the number of rules that are associated with this ACL.
Displays the interfaces associated with this ACL.
Interface(s)
Direction
Displays the packet filtering direction for the ACL on the interface. The possible
values displayed are inbound and outbound.
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Bandwidth provisioning commands
BW provisioning BW allocation commands
config bwprovisioning bwallocation create
Use this command to create a bandwidth allocation profile. The <name> field is an alphanumeric
string up to 15 characters.
Format
config bwprovisioning bwallocation create <name>
config bwprovisioning bwallocation delete
Use this command to delete a bandwidth allocation profile from the system. The <name> field is the
user supplied name associated with the bandwidth allocation profile. A bandwidth allocation profile
may not be deleted while it is associated with a traffic class.
Format
config bwprovisioning bwallocation delete <name>
config bwprovisioning bwallocation maxbandwidth
This commands configures the maximum allowable bandwidth for this bandwidth allocation profile.
The <maxbandwidth> parameter is a value from 0 to the maximum bandwidth of the interface to be
associated with this profile. The bandwidth allocation profile maximum bandwidth must be greater
than or equal to the minimum bandwidth. If this value is set to 0, it will not allow any traffic for this
bandwidth allocation profile.
Default
Format
100 Mpbs
config bwprovisioning bwallocation maxbandwidth <name> <maxbandwidth>
show bwprovisioning bwallocation detailed
Use this command to display detailed bandwidth allocation information for the specified bandwidth
allocation profile.
Format
Bandwidth Allocation Profile Name
Displays the user-defined name of this bandwidth allocation profile.
Minimum Bandwidth
Displays the minimum guaranteed bandwidth of this bandwidth allocation profile in
show bwprovisioning bwallocation detailed <name>
Mbps.
Maximum Bandwidth
Displays the maximum allowable bandwidth of this bandwidth allocation profile in
Mbps.
Associated Traffic Class(es)
Displays the traffic classes that have been associated with this bandwidth allocation
profile. This field is blank if there are no traffic classes associated with this
bandwidth allocation profile.
show bwprovisioning bwallocation summary
Use this command to display the bandwidth allocation information for all bandwidth allocation
profiles in the system.
Format
Bandwidth Allocation Profile Name
Displays the user-defined name of this bandwidth allocation profile.
show bwprovisioning bwallocation summary
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Minimum Bandwidth
Displays the minimum guaranteed bandwidth of this bandwidth allocation profile in
Mbps.
Maximum Bandwidth
Displays the maximum allowable bandwidth of this bandwidth allocation profile in
Mbps.
BW provisioning traffic class commands
config bwprovisioning trafficclass bwallocation
Use this command to associate a bandwidth allocation profile with a traffic class. The <bwprofile>
parameter must represent a valid bandwidth allocation profile.
Format
config bwprovisioning trafficclass bwallocation <name> <bwprofile>
config bwprovisioning trafficclass create
Use this command to create a traffic class. The <type> field indicates the type of traffic class. The
only supported value for type is vlan. The <name> field is an alphanumeric string up to 15
characters.
Format
config bwprovisioning trafficclass create <type> <name>
config bwprovisioning trafficclass delete
Use this command to delete a traffic class from the system. The <name> field identifies the traffic
class to be deleted. When a traffic class is deleted, its association with a bandwidth allocation profile
is automatically removed.
Format
config bwprovisioning trafficclass delete <name>
config bwprovisioning trafficclass port
Use this command to attach a traffic class to a specific interface. The <port> interface must indicate
a valid physical or logical interface. The sum of the minimum bandwidth allocations of all traffic
classes associated with the same interface should not exceed the total bandwidth of the interface.
There is no restriction on the sum of the maximum bandwidth of all traffic classes attached to the
same port. When a traffic class is attached to a LAG interface, the bandwidth allocation profile
minimum bandwidth parameter will not be applicable to the traffic class.
Format
config bwprovisioning trafficclass port <name> <port>
config bwprovisioning trafficclass vlan
Use this command to associate a VLAN with a traffic class. The <vlanid> field is the VLAN ID for
the traffic class within the range of 1 to 4094.
The VLAN parameter can identify an invalid VLAN (the VLAN does not need to exist in the
system.)
Format
config bwprovisioning trafficclass vlan <name> <vlanid>
config bwprovisioning trafficclass weight
Use this command to configure the priority for this traffic class. The <weight> parameter will be a
value between 1 and 1024.
Default
Format
1
config bwprovisioning trafficclass weight <name> <weight>
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show bwprovisioning trafficclass allocatedbw
Use this command to display the bandwidth allocated. The allocated minimum bandwidth should
not exceed the interface bandwidth unless the interface is a LAG interface.
Format
Port
show bwprovisioning trafficclass allocatedbw <port>
The specified interface.
Allocated Minimum Bandwidth
Displays the sum of the minimum guaranteed bandwidth for all traffic classes
configured on this interface.
Allocated Maximum Bandwidth
Displays the sum of the maximum allowable bandwidth for all traffic classes
configured on this interface.
show bwprovisioning trafficclass detailed
Use this command to display the traffic class information for the specified traffic class.
Format show bwprovisioning trafficclass detailed <name>
Traffic Class Name
Displays the name of this traffic class.
Port
Displays the port to which this traffic class is attached.
Displays the VLAN ID with which this traffic class is associated.
Displays the weight of this traffic class.
VLAN ID
Weight
Accept Byte Count
Displays the number of bytes accepted.
Bandwidth Allocation Profile
Displays the bandwidth allocation profile associated with this traffic class. This
field is blank when there is no bandwidth allocation profile associated with this
traffic class.
The following attributes are only displayed when there is a bandwidth allocation profile associated
with this traffic class.
Minimum Bandwidth
Displays the minimum bandwidth defined for this traffic class.
Maximum Bandwidth
Displays the maximum bandwidth defined for this traffic class.
show bwprovisioning trafficclass summary
Use this command to display the traffic class information for all traffic classes in the system.
Format
Traffic Class Name
Displays the user-defined name of this traffic class.
show bwprovisioning trafficclass summary
Port
Displays the interface to which this traffic class is attached.
VLAN ID
Displays the Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) ID with which this traffic class is
associated.
Weight
Displays the weight of this traffic class.
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Bandwidth Allocation Profile
Displays the bandwidth allocation profile associated with this traffic class. This
field is blank when there is no bandwidth allocation profile associated with this
traffic class.
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Appendix A RJ-45 Pin Specifications
The four external Ethernet ports of this switch module are auto-configuring and will work with
straight-through or crossover cables when connected to other Ethernet equipment. Review the
documentation that comes with the product you are connecting to for matching cable pin
assignments.
The following illustration and table show the standard RJ-45 receptacle/connector and their
corresponding pin assignments.
Table 7. Standard Ethernet cable, RJ-45 pin assignment
Contact (pin number)
Label
TPO+
TPO-
TP1+
TP2+
TP2-
TP1-
TP3+
TP3-
Media direct interface signal
Tx + (transmit)
Tx - (transmit)
Rx + (receive)
Not used
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Not used
Rx - (receive)
Not used
Not used
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Appendix B Cable Lengths
Use the following table as a guide for the maximum cable lengths:
Table 8. Maximum cable lengths
Standard
Data transmission rate
Media type
Maximum distance
1000BASE-T
1000 Mbps
Category 5e UTP cable
100 meters (328.1 ft)
Category 5 UTP cable
Category 5 UTP cable
Category 3 UTP cable
100BASE-TX
10BASE-T
100 Mbps
10 Mbps
100 meters (328.1 ft)
100 meters (328.1 ft)
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Appendix C Run-time Switching Software
Default Settings
The following table contains the default settings for the run-time switching software variables.
Variables are separated by category and further by sub-headings (listed alphabetically within
category). "Default value" is self-explanatory while "Command" lists the CLI command used to
change the default setting.
Table 9. Default settings for run-time switching software variables
Sub-
heading
Heading
Variable
Default value
Command
Quality of
Service
ACL
ACL Rule
None
config acl rule create
Bandwidth
Provisioning
Bandwidth Allocation 100 mbps
Maximum
config bwprovisioning
bwallocation maximum
Traffic Class Weight
1
config bwprovisioning
trafficclass weight
Security
IEEE 802.1X
Add users
All
config dot1x port users
add
Control Mode
Initialization
Auto
config dot1x port
controlmode
Disable
2
config dot1x port
initialize
Maximum # of
requests
config dot1x port
maxrequests
Mode
Disable
Disable
60 seconds
False
config dot1x
adminmode
Port initialize
Quiet Period
config dot1x port
initialize
config dot1x port
quietperiod
Reauthentication
Enabled
config dot1x port
reauthenabled
Reauthentication
Period
3600 seconds
config dot1x port
reauthperiod
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Table 9. Default settings for run-time switching software variables (continued)
Sub-
heading
Heading
Variable
Default value
Command
Reauthentication
Sequence
Disable
config dot1x port
reauthenticate
Server Timeout
30 seconds
config dot1x port
servertimeout
Supplicant Time Out 30 seconds
config dot1x port
supptimeout
Transmit Period
30 seconds
config dot1x port
transmitperiod
Remote
Authentication
Dial-in User
Service
(RADIUS)
Accounting
Accounting Server
Port
1813
config radius
accounting server port
Mode
Disable
config radius
accounting mode
Configuration
Maximum
4
config radius
Retransmits
maxretransmits
Timeout
5 minutes
config radius timeout
Server
Server Port
1812
config radius
accounting server port
Secure Shell
(SSH)
Mode
Disable
config ssh adminmode
config ssh protocol
Protocol
Both (SSH1 and
SSH2)
Secure Socket
Layer (SSL)
Secure port
443
config http secureport
Secure Protocol
Both (SSL3 and TLS1) config http
secureprotocol
Secure Server Mode Disable
config http secureserver
adminmode
Switching
VLAN Switching
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Table 9. Default settings for run-time switching software variables (continued)
Sub-
heading
Heading
Variable
Default value
Command
Accept frame
all
config vlan port
acceptframe
Broadcast Storm
Default port VID
Multicast Storm
Name
disable
config vlan bcaststorm
config vlan port pvid
config vlan mcaststorm
config vlan name
1
disable
VLAN1 = Default
0
Port priority
config vlan port priority
GARP
GARP administration disable
config garp gmrp
adminmode
GARP interface
disable
config garp gmrp
interfacemode
GARP join timer
20 centiseconds
config garp jointimer
GARP leave all timer 1000 centiseconds
config garp
leavealltimer
GARP leave timer
GVRP
GVRP administration disable
60 centiseconds
config garp leavetimer
config garp gvrp
adminmode
GVRP interface
disable
config gvrp gmrp
interfacemode
GVRP join timer
20 centiseconds
config gvrp jointimer
GVRP leave all timer 1000 centiseconds
config gvrp
leavealltimer
GVRP leave timer
60 centiseconds
260 seconds
config gvrp leavetimer
IGMP Snooping
Group Membership
Interval
config igmpsnooping
groupmembershipinterv
al
Interface
disable
config igmpsnooping
interfacemode
Maximum response
time
10 seconds
0 seconds
Disable
config igmpsnooping
maxresponse
MCRT Expiration
Time
config igmpsnooping
mcrtexpiretime
Mode
config igmpsnooping
adminmode
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Table 9. Default settings for run-time switching software variables (continued)
Sub-
heading
Heading
Variable
Default value
Command
Link
Aggregation
LAG linktrap
enable
config lag linktrap
Spannng Tree
Protocol (STP)
Bridge
Forward Delay
Hello Time
Max Age
15 secs
2 secs
6 secs
32768
config spanningtree
bridge forwarddelay
config spanningtree
bridge hellotime
config spanningtree
bridge maxage
Priority
config spanningtree
bridge priority
Configuration
Admin Mode
Disable
config spanningtree
adminmode
Configuration name
The base MAC
address displayed
using hexadecimal
notation
config spanningtree
configuration name
Forced Version
Revision level
IEEE 802.1D
config spanningtree
forceversion
0
config spanningtree
configuration revision
CST
Edgeport
Pathcost
Priority
False
Auto
128
config spanningtree cst
port edgeport
config spanningtree cst
port pathcost
config spanningtree cst
port priority
Port
Migration Check
Disable
Disable
config spanningtree port
migrationcheck
Port Mode
config spanningtree port
mode
System
Auto log-out
10 min
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Table 9. Default settings for run-time switching software variables (continued)
Sub-
heading
Heading
Variable
Default value
Command
Configuration update Disable
Default gateway
IP address
0.0.0.0
10.90.90.9x, where x
depends on the
number of the bay into
which you have
installed the switch
module.
Subnet mask
255.255.255.0
Configuration
System Contact
System Location
System Name
Blank
Blank
Blank
config syscontact
config syslocation
config sysname
Forwarding
Database
Forwarding Database 300 seconds
aging time
config forwardingdb
agetime
Port
Configuration
Auto Negotiation
Enable
Disable
Disable
Enable
config port autoneg
Flow control
LACP mode
Port Enable
config port flowcontrol
config port lacpmode
config port adminmode
Mirroring
Mirroring Mode
Disable
config mirroring mode
Network
Connectivity
IP connectivity
parameters
10.90.90.9x
255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0
config network parms
config network protocol
IP connectivity
protocol
None
Java enable status
Enable
Enable
config network
javamode
Web enable status
config network
webmode
SNMPcommunit
y
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Table 9. Default settings for run-time switching software variables (continued)
Sub-
heading
Heading
Variable
Default value
Command
IP address
0.0.0.0
config snmpcommunity
ipaddr
IP Mask
Mode
0.0.0.0
config snmpcommunity
ipmask
Default private and
public communities
are enabled by default.
The four undefined
communities are
config snmpcommunity
mode
disabled by default
Type
Public/Private
config snmp community
create
Telnet
Max Number of
Sessions
5
config telnet
maxsessions
Status
Enable
5
config telnet mode
config telnet timeout
Ttimeout
User Accounts
Password
Blank
config users passwd
SNMPv3 Access
Mode
R/W for admin,
ReadOnly for others
SNMPv3
Authentication
No authorization
config users snmpv3
authentication
SNMPv3 Encryption
No encryption
config users snmpv3
encryption
Utilities
Transfer
Transfer
Upload/Download
Datatype
Code
Blank
0.0.0.0
Blank
transfer
upload/download
datatype
Transfer
upload/download
Filename
transfer
upload/download
filename
Transfer
Upload\Download IP
Address
transfer
upload\download
serverip
Transfer
transfer
Upload/download
Path
upload/download path
Trap
Management
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Table 9. Default settings for run-time switching software variables (continued)
Sub-
heading
Heading
Variable
Default value
Command
Authenticate
Enable
config trapflags
Trapflags
authentication
Trapflags Linkmode
Enable
Enable
Enable
config trapflags
linkmode
Trapflags Multiusers
Trapflags STP
config trapflags
multiusers
config trapflags
stpmode
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Appendix D CLI Command Tree
This appendix presents the CLI command tree used in conjunction with the Intel® Blade Server
Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E.
SWITCHING
clear
config
igmpsnooping
lag
dot1x
pass
port
stats
radius
stats
stats
port
switch
transfer
traplog
vlan
config
acl
create
delete
interface
add
remove
action
create
delete
match
rule
dstip
dstl4port
keyword
number
every
protocol
keyword
number
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srcip
srcl4port
keyword
number
authentication login
create
delete
set
bwprovisionin bwallocation
create
g
delete
maxbandwidth
bwallocation
trafficclass
create
delete
port
vlan
weight
classofservice 802.1mapping
dot1x
adminmode
defaultlogin
login
port
controlmode
initialize
maxrequests
quietperiod
reauthenabled
reauthenticate
reauthperiod
servertimeout
supptimeout
transmitperiod
users
add
remove
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forwardingdb
garp
agetime
gmrp
adminmode
interfacemode
adminmode
gvrp
interfacemode
jointimer
leavealltimer
leavetimer
http
secureport
secureprotocol
secureserver
adminmode
igmpsnooping adminmode
groupmember-
shipinterval
interfacemode
maxresponse
mcrtexpiretime
lag
addport
adminmode
create
deletelag
deleteport
linktrap
name
loginsession
macfilter
close
adddest
create
deldest
remove
create
delete
mode
mirroring
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network
port
javamode
webmode
adminmode
autoneg
flowcontrol
lacpmode
linktrap
physicalmode
prompt
protocol
create
delete
interface
add
remove
add
protocol
vlan
remove
add
remove
mode
server
radius
accounting
add
port
remove
secret
maxretransmit
server
add
msgauth
port
primary
remove
secret
timeout
snmpcommuni accessmode
ty
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create
delete
ipaddr
ipmask
mode
snmptrap
create
delete
ipaddr
mode
spanningtree
adminmode
bridge
forwarddelay
hellotime
maxage
priority
cst
port
edgeport
pathcost
priority
forceversion
port
migrationchec
k
mode
ssh
adminmode
protocol
syscontact
syslocation
sysname
telnet
maxsessions
mode
timeout
trapflags
authentication
linkmode
multiusers
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stpmode
add
users
defaultlogin
delete
login
passwd
snmpv3
accessmode
authentication
encryption
vlan
bcaststorm
create
delete
makestatic
mcaststorm
name
participation
port
acceptframe
priority
pvid
tagging
help
logout
ping
system
config
acl
reset
save
show
detailed
summary
switch
arp
authentication login
info
users
detailed
bwprovisionin bwallocation
g
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summary
allocatedbw
detailed
trafficclass
summary
classofservice 802.1pmappin
g
dot1x
port
detailed
stats
summary
user
summary
eventlog
forwardingdb
agetime
learned
table
garp
info
interface
history
http
info
igmpsnooping
inventory
lag
loginsession
macfilter
mfdb
gmrp
igmpsnooping
staticfiltering
stats
table
mirroring
msglog
network
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port
protocol
radius
accounting
server
stats
summary
stats
summary
stats
summary
snmpcommuni
ty
snmptrap
spanningtree
bridge
cst
detailed
port
detailed
summary
port
summary
ssh
info
port
stats
detailed
summary
detailed
summary
switch
sysinfo
telnet
trapflags
traplog
users
authentication
info
vlan
detailed
port
summary
transfer
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download
datatype
filename
path
serverip
start
upload
datatype
filename
path
serverip
start
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Appendix E CLI Configuration Examples
This appendix provides examples of using the CLI to configure the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet
Switch Module IXM5414E for some key functions.
Bridging configuration example
This section provides sample CLI commands showing how to configure the Intel® Blade Server
Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E for basic bridging support. Bridging support, conforming to the
IEEE 802.1D compatibility mode specified in IEEE 802.1s, is enabled for the switch and for all
ports by default. All ports are enabled by default, and defaults are also provided for timers and
protocol parameters.
Although the switch will operate correctly as a bridge implementing the base Spanning Tree
Protocol (STP) as configured at the factory, the configuration script in this section will show you
how to override the defaults. Before you do so, make sure that you fully understand the protocol and
that the values you provide are consistent with each other.
Set a new bridge priority level. Setting the priority level affects the likelihood of the bridge
being elected as the root of the spanning tree (the lower the number the greater the probability).
It is the only way to change the bridge identifier, which consists of the bridge priority
concatenated with the switch’s base MAC address. The default value is 32768. If all bridges
retain their default priority values, the bridge with the lowest MAC address will become the root
bridge.
config spanningtree bridge priority 7680
Set new port priority levels. Setting the priority level affects the likelihood of the port being
elected as the root port of the spanning tree (the lower the number the greater the probability). It
is the only way to change the port identifier, which consists of the port priority concatenated
with the port’s interface number. The default value is 128.
config spanningtree port priority ext.1 16
config spanningtree port priority ext.2 32
Set new timer values. The timer values will only take effect if the bridge becomes the root
bridge, in which case they will take effect for all bridges in the network.
config spanningtree bridge maxage 30
config spanningtree bridge forwarddelay 16
config spanningtree bridge hellotime 14
Assign new path cost values to the ports whose priority values were changed. The lower the path
cost the more likely that a port will be elected as the root port.
config spanningtree port pathcost ext.1 8
config spanningtree port pathcost ext.2 16
In addition to the parameters that affect the Spanning Tree Protocol, other parameters and
protocols are defined in IEEE 802.1D which you may also change. For example, IEEE 802.1p
has been included in the latest version of 802.1D. Use the following commands to change the
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default priority mapping provided by the switch. These commands affect all of the interfaces on
the switch and leave the defaults unchanged for priority levels 3-7.
config classofservice 802.1p mapping 0 0
config classofservice 802.1p mapping 1 2
config classofservice 802.1p mapping 2 1
The switch supports two protocols based on the Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP)
defined in IEEE 802.1D: GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) and GARP VLAN
Registration Protocol (GVRP). These protocols are disabled by default.
config garp gmrp adminmode enable
config garp gmrp interfacemode all
config garp gvrp adminmode enable
config garp gvrp interfacemode all
While the Spanning Tree Protocol is needed to maintain the network topology, forwarding of
frames also requires that the switch learn the location of end stations. The switch does this by
recording the port on which packets from a source MAC address are received. The forwarding
database is used to hold this information. You can control how long an address will remain in the
database if no traffic is seen from it (the aging timer).
config forwardingdb agetime 500
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IEEE 802.1w configuration example
This section shows you how to configure the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module
IXM5414E to support rapid reconfiguration of the spanning tree topology. The IEEE 802.1w
support specified in IEEE 802.1s defines a new configuration algorithm and protocol that provide
significantly faster reconfiguration of the spanning tree than the original algorithm and protocol
defined in the base IEEE 802.1D standard. While the old and new protocols will successfully
interoperate, the IEEE 802.1 standards committee recommends the use of the new protocol.
Configuration of the switch to support IEEE 802.1w is simple. In normal operation, the bridge
timers are not used to control reconfiguration, and the default values should be adequate. Bridge and
port priorities and path costs are still required, and are configured as shown for IEEE 802.1D.
Configure the switch to use rapid reconfiguration.
config spanningtree forceversion 802.1w
To disable support for rapid reconfiguration.
config spanningtree forceversion 802.1d
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VLAN configuration example
This section provides sample CLI commands showing how to configure the Intel® Blade Server
Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E to support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. Configuring VLANs allows
you to partition your network on a logical rather than physical basis. The only physical restriction is
that both ends of a point-to-point link must be in the same VLAN. There are many possible logical
partitions – one common one being department membership.
The script in the following example shows you how to create and configure VLANs on your switch.
Create and name two VLANs (the names are optional).
config vlan create 1
config vlan name 1 vlan_one
config vlan create 2
config vlan name 2 vlan_two
Assign the ports that will belong to vlan_one. This will be a tagged VLAN – only tagged packets
will be accepted by member ports, and all packets transmitted from member ports will be
tagged.
config vlan participation include 1 bay.1,bay.2
config vlan port tagging enable 1 bay.1,bay.2
config vlan port acceptframe vlanonly 1 bay.1,bay.2
Assign the ports that will belong to vlan_two. Untagged packets will be accepted by member
ports bay.3 and bay.4 and assigned the default PVID of 2, and all packets transmitted from
member ports will be untagged. Note that bay.2 is a member of both vlan_one and vlan_two, and
that ext.1 and ext.2 will never be members.
config vlan participation include 2 bay.2,bay.3,bay.4
config vlan participation exclude 2 ext.1,ext.2
config vlan port acceptframe all 2 bay.3,bay.4
Assign the same default PVID to ports bay.3 and bay.4.
config vlan port pvid 2 bay.3,bay.4
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Link aggregation configuration example
This section provides sample CLI commands showing how to configure the Intel® Blade Server
Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E to support IEEE 802.3ad aggregated links. By defining a Link
Aggregation Group (LAG) you can treat multiple physical links between two end-points as one
logical link. The LAG will also be seen by management functions as a single link.
LAGs are used to increase both link bandwidth and reliability: they are often used for links to the
Internet or to shared servers. The script in the following example shows you how to configure and
enable two LAGs on the same switch.
Create and name two LAGs.
config lag create lag_internet
config lag create lag_server
When the switch creates the LAGs, it will assign logical interface IDs that you will use to
identify them in subsequent commands. Use the following command to find out what IDs have
been assigned:
show lag all
Add the physical ports to the LAGs. (Assume that lag_internet was assigned ID lag.1 and
lag_server was assigned ID lag.2.)
config lag addport lag.1 ext.1
config lag addport lag.1 ext.2
config lag addport lag.2 ext.3
config lag addport lag.2 ext.4
Enable both LAGs.
config lag adminmode lag.1,lag.2 enable
The previous command could have been issued instead as:
config lag adminmode all enable
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IGMP snooping configuration example
This section provides sample CLI commands showing how to configure the Intel® Blade Server
Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E to support IGMP Snooping. Activating IGMP Snooping allows
you to restrict the forwarding of multicast packets to network segments that need to see the packets.
The switch uses information gained from examining IGMP packets to decide how to forward
multicast packets.
You can activate IGMP Snooping for both individual and aggregated physical interfaces. The script
in the following example show you how to configure IGMP Snooping.
Enable IGMP Snooping on the switch.
config igmpsnooping adminmode enable
IGMP Snooping will be enabled with default values for the group membership interval,
maximum response and multicast router present expiration timers. This command overrides the
default for the multicast router present expiration timer.
config igmpsnooping mcrtrexpiretime 2400
Enable IGMP Snooping for a set of physical ports and for a LAG.
config igmpsnooping interfacemode bay.1,bay.2,bay.3,bay.4 enable
config igmpsnooping interfacemode lag.1 enable
To display information about the IGMP Snooping configuration issue:
show igmpsnooping
To display information about all multicast addresses issue:
show mfdb table all
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Access Control List configuration example
This section provides sample CLI commands showing how to configure the Intel® Blade Server
Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E to support Access Control Lists (ACLs). ACLs offer one way
of adding Quality of Service support to your network.
You define an ACL to control who can use your network or network resources by allowing or
prohibiting access. The ACL specifies one or more match criteria that will be used to determine
whether a given packet will be admitted to the network. The first match criteria met by a packet
determines whether the packet is admitted. If the packet matches none of the criteria, it will be
dropped.
An ACL consists of up to ten rules, each applied to one or more of the following fields:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Source IP address
Destination IP address
Source Layer-4 port
Destination Layer-4 port
Type of Service byte
Internet Protocol number
The script in the following example restricts access to the network to UDP and TCP traffic from a
defined set of IP source addresses.
Create Access Control List 1.
config acl create 1
Create Rule 1 for ACL 1.
config acl rule create 1 1
Define the content of ACL 1 Rule 1. Packets will be accepted only if they are TCP packets from
the source IP address set defined by the specified IP address and mask.
config acl rule action 1 1 permit
config acl rule match protocol keyword 1 1 tcp
config acl rule match dstip 1 1 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0
Create Rule 2 for ACL 1.
config acl rule create 1 2
Define the content of ACL 1 Rule 2. Packets will be accepted only if they are UDP packets from
the source IP address set defined by the specified IP address and mask. This is the same source
IP address set defined for TCP traffic.
config acl rule action 1 2 permit
config acl rule match protocol keyword 1 2 udp
config acl rule match dstip 1 2 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0
Apply ACL 1 to inbound traffic received on external ports 1-4. Packets that do not match the
criteria specified in Rules 1 or 2 will be dropped.
config acl interface add ext.1 inbound 1
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config acl interface add ext.2 inbound 1
config acl interface add ext.3 inbound 1
config acl interface add ext.4 inbound 1
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Appendix F Troubleshooting the Spanning
Tree Protocol
This appendix provides details about how the Spanning Tree Protocol and Algorithm work and
describes how to troubleshoot them.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) operation
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used in a bridged LAN environment to reduce the physical network
to a stable logical topology with no data loops that still allows for the existence of redundant
connections. The topology is calculated by the bridges that interconnect the individual LAN
segments, and is recalculated when physical or parameter changes occur. Each bridge in the network
has a unique bridge identifier, which is used to determine the root bridge of the spanning tree. Where
more than one bridge on the same LAN segment offers connectivity to the root bridge, one bridge is
selected as the designated bridge and one port on that bridge becomes the root port, providing access
to the root bridge.
Two versions of STP are supported by the Intel® Blade Server Ethernet Switch Module IXM5414E,
both of which are defined in IEEE 802.1s. The first version is IEEE 802.1D compatibility mode, set
as the factory default. The second version is Rapid Reconfiguration mode, originally defined in
IEEE 802.1w. Rapid Reconfiguration uses a bridging device’s ability to recognize full-duplex links
(point-to-point) and ports connected to end stations (edge ports) to offer faster transitions to the
forwarding state. The config spanningtree forceversion command is used to switch from
IEEE8021D operation to IEEE 802.1w operation. The two versions of the protocol can interoperate
within the same LAN: it is not necessary for all bridges to run the same version. Where IEEE
802.1D is mentioned in this document, you should understand that the switch is actually operating in
IEEE 802.1D compatibility mode according to the protocol specified in IEEE 802.1s.
Both versions of the Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) create a single spanning tree for an entire
network within which there is at most one route between any two end stations, and will
automatically reconfigure the tree when necessary. The topology created by the algorithm is
influenced by user-configurable parameters, but care should be taken when changing these
parameters from the factory defaults.
The following table shows the user-configurable STP parameters for the bridge.
Table 10. STP parameters – bridge
Parameter
Description
Default value
Bridge identifier
A combination of the Bridge Priority and the switch MAC 32768 + MAC
address. The 16-bit priority parameter is concatenated
with the 48-bit Ethernet MAC address.
(Not user-configurable
except by setting the
priority as described in
this table)
Bridge Priority
A relative priority for each bridge. The lower the number 32768
the higher the priority and the greater the likelihood of
the bridge being elected as the root bridge.
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Table 10. STP parameters – bridge
Parameter
Description
Default value
Bridge hello time
The length of time between broadcasts of the hello
message.
2 seconds
Bridge maxage time
The length of time before topology information or
information from BPDUs is discarded because it has
aged out.
20 seconds
15 seconds
Bridge forward delay
time
The amount of time spent by a port in the discarding
states waiting for a BPDU that might return the port to
the discarding state if the bridge is in IEEE 802.1D
compatibility mode or if operPointToPointMAC and
operEdgePort are both False.
The following table shows the user-configurable STP parameters for the ports on the bridge.
Table 11. STP port parameters
Variable
Description
Default value
Port priority
The relative priority for each port. The lower the number 128
the higher the priority and the greater the likelihood of
the port being elected as the root port.
Port path cost
A value used by STP to evaluate paths.
auto (calculated based
on the link speed)
Creating a stable topology
For STP to arrive at a stable network topology, the following information is used:
•
•
•
A unique identifier for each bridge
An identifier for each bridge port
The path cost to the root bridge associated with each bridge port
STP communicates between bridges on the network using bridge protocol data units (BPDUs).
There are two types of BPDUs:
•
Configuration messages containing a spanning tree priority vector describing the transmitter’s
view of the spanning tree topology
•
Topology Change Notification (TCN) messages
Each BPDU includes the following information:
•
The unique identifier of the bridge that the transmitting bridge currently recognizes as the root
bridge
•
•
The path cost to the root from the transmitting port
The port identifier of the transmitting port
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The bridge sends BPDUs to communicate and construct the spanning-tree topology. All bridges
connected to the LAN on which a packet is transmitted will receive the BPDU. BPDUs are not
directly forwarded by the bridge, but the receiving bridge uses the information in the frame to
calculate the topology and, if it changes, to initiate a BPDU transmission.
The communication between bridges through BPDUs causes the following results:
•
•
The bridge with the lowest numerical identifier is elected as the root bridge.
Each bridge calculates its root path cost by adding the path costs for each port receiving frames
on the lowest cost path to the root bridge.
•
•
The port on each bridge with the lowest root path cost for that bridge becomes that bridge’s root
port (in the event of a tie the port with the lowest numerical port identifier is chosen).
For each LAN the bridge with the lowest root path cost is selected as the designated bridge (in
the event of a tie, the bridge with the lowest numerical bridge identifier is chosen) and the port
connecting that bridge to the LAN becomes the designated port (in the event of a tie, the port
with the lowest numerical port identifier is chosen).
•
•
In the IEEE 802.1D standard, ports that are not selected as root or designated ports do not
forward frames and are known as alternate ports.
In the IEEE 802.1w standard, a port that offers an alternate path to the root bridge but is not
selected as the root does not forward frames and is known as an alternate port. Ports that offer an
alternate connection to the same LAN as a designated port do not forward frames and are known
as backup ports.
If all bridges have STP enabled with default settings, the bridge with the lowest MAC address in the
network will become the root bridge. By increasing the priority (lowering the priority number) of a
given bridge, STP can be forced to select that bridge as the root bridge.
When STP is enabled using the default parameters, the path between source and destination stations
in a switched network might not be ideal. For example, connecting higher-speed links to a port that
has a higher number than the current root port can cause a root-port change. The goal is to make the
fastest link the root port.
IEEE 802.1D STP port states
The BPDUs take some time to pass through a network. This propagation delay can result in topology
changes in which a port that changed directly from a discarding state to a forwarding state could
create temporary data loops. Ports must wait for new network topology information to propagate
throughout the network before starting to forward packets. They must also wait for the packet
lifetime to expire for BPDU packets that were forwarded based on the old topology. The forward
delay timer is used to ensure that the network topology stabilizes after a topology change. In
addition, STP specifies a series of states a port must go through to further ensure that a stable
network topology is created after a topology change.
Each port on a bridge using STP exists in one of the following four states:
Discarding
The port is blocked from forwarding or receiving packets. For additional
Learning
The port is adding addresses to its forwarding database but not yet forwarding
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Disabled
The port responds only to network management messages and must return to the
Note that the STP port state of disabled applies only to the port’s role within the
spanning tree, and should not be confused with the port’s administrative state of
enabled or disabled.
A port changes from one state to another as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
From initialization (switch startup) to discarding
From discarding to learning or to disabled
From learning to forwarding or to disabled
From forwarding to disabled or to discarding
From disabled to discarding
When you enable STP, every port on every bridge in the network goes through the discarding state
and then goes through the learning state at startup. If properly configured, each port stabilizes to the
forwarding or discarding state.
No packets (except BPDUs and LACPDUs) are forwarded from, or received by, STP enabled ports
until the forwarding state is enabled for that port.
IEEE 802.1w STP port states
The IEEE 802.1w protocol definition speeds up the reconfiguration of the spanning tree using two
new mechanisms:
•
•
Bridges exchange explicit acknowledgement frames
Ports may be configured to transition directly to the forwarding state when the bridge is
reinitialized – this is appropriate for edge ports
The number of port states were reduced from five to three, specified in the original IEEE 802.1D
standard:
Discarding
The port is blocked from forwarding or receiving packets and does not add
information to the forwarding database.
Learning
The port is adding addresses to its forwarding database but not yet forwarding
packets.
Forwarding The port is adding addresses to its forwarding database and is forwarding packets.
Table 12. Relationship between IEEE 802.1D and IEEE 802.1w port states
IEEE 802.1D port
state
Admin. bridge
port state
IEEE 802.1w port
state
Active topology port
role
MAC operational
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
False
False
Discarding
Discarding
Excluded, disabled
Excluded, disabled
Excluded, alternate or
backup
Blocking
Enabled
True
Discarding
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Table 12. Relationship between IEEE 802.1D and IEEE 802.1w port states
IEEE 802.1D port
state
Admin. bridge
port state
IEEE 802.1w port
state
Active topology port
role
MAC operational
Included, root or
designated
Listening
Learning
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
True
True
True
Discarding
Learning
Included, root or
designated
Included, root or
designated
Forwarding
Forwarding
Setting user-changeable STP parameters
The next table shows the default spanning-tree configuration.
Table 13. Default STP parameters
Feature
Default value
Enable state
Port priority
Port cost
STP enabled for all ports
128
auto
32768
Bridge priority
The factory default settings are compatible with the majority of installations, and it is advisable to
keep the default settings as set at the factory unless it is absolutely necessary to change them. The
user-changeable parameters in the bridge are as follows:
Priority
You can set a priority for the bridge from 0 to 65535. A value of 0 indicates the
highest priority.
Hello Time
The hello time can be from 1 to 10 seconds. This is the interval between two
transmissions of BPDU packets sent by the root bridge to tell all other bridges that it
is indeed the root bridge. If you set a hello time for your bridge, and it is not the root
bridge, the set hello time will be used if and when your bridge becomes the root
bridge.
/ NOTE
The hello time cannot be longer than the Max. Age. Otherwise, a
configuration error will occur.
Max. Age
The Max. Age can be from 6 to 40 seconds. At the end of the Max. Age, if a BPDU
has still not been received from the root bridge, your bridge will start sending its
own BPDU to all other bridges for permission to become the root bridge. If your
bridge has the lowest bridge identifier, it will become the root bridge.
Forward Delay
The Forward Delay can be from 4 to 30 seconds. For IEEE 802.1D operation this is
the time that any port on the bridge spends in the learning state while moving from
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the discarding state to the forwarding state. For IEEE 802.1w operation this is the
time that a designated port on the bridge spends in the learning state while moving
from the disabled state to the forwarding state when both operPointToPointMAC
and operEdgePort are false.
/ NOTE
Observe the following formulas when setting the previously described
parameters:
•
•
Max. Age ≤ 2 x (Forward Delay - 1 second)
Max. Age ≥ 2 x (Hello Time + 1 second)
Port Priority You can set a port priority from 0 to 240. The lower the number, the greater the
probability that the port will be chosen as the root port.
Port Path Cost
You can set a port cost from 1 to 200000000, or specify auto. The lower the number,
the greater the probability that the port will be chosen to forward packets. If you
specify auto the switch will assign the port cost based on the link speed.
Illustration of STP
A simple illustration of three bridges (or three switches) connected in a loop is depicted in this
section. In this example, you can anticipate some major network problems if the STP assistance is
not applied. If bridge A broadcasts a packet to bridge B, bridge B will broadcast it to bridge C, and
bridge C will broadcast it back to bridge A, and so on. The broadcast packet will be passed
indefinitely in a loop, potentially causing a network failure.
STP can be applied as shown in the following illustration. In this example, STP breaks the loop by
blocking the connection between bridges B and C. The decision to block a particular connection is
based on the STP calculation of the most current bridge and port settings. If bridge A broadcasts a
packet to bridge C, bridge C will drop the packet at port 2, and the broadcast will end there.
Setting up an STP using values other than the defaults can be complex. Therefore, keep the default
factory settings and the STP will automatically assign root bridges, ports and block loop
connections. However, influencing STP to choose a particular bridge as the root bridge using the
Priority setting, or influencing STP to choose a particular port to block using the Port Priority and
Port Cost settings, is relatively straightforward.
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LAN 1
Port Cost = 19
Port 3
Bridge ID = 15
Port 1
Port 2
Port Cost =4
A
Port Cost =4
Port 1
Port Cost =4
Port 1
B
C
Bridge ID = 30
Bridge ID = 20
Port 3
Port Cost = 19
Port 3
Port 2
Port 2
Port Cost = 19
Port Cost = 19
LAN 3
LAN 2
/ NOTE
In this example, only the default STP values are used.
LAN 1
Port 3
A
Root Bridge
Port 1
Port 2
Designated Port
Designated Port
Root Port
Port 1
Root Port
Port 1
B
C
Designated Bridge
Port 3
Port 2
Port 3
Port 2
Blocked
LAN 3
LAN 2
The bridge with the lowest bridge ID (bridge A) was elected the root bridge, and the ports were
selected to give a high port cost between bridges B and C.
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Note also that the example network topology is intended to provide redundancy to protect the
network against a link or port failure, not a switch failure or removal. For example, a failure of
bridge A would isolate LAN 1 from connecting to LAN 2 or LAN 3.
Discarding state
A port in the discarding state does not forward packets. When the switch is started, a BPDU is sent
to each port in the bridge, putting these ports in the discarding state. A bridge initially assumes it is
the root; it then begins the exchange of BPDUs with other bridges. This will determine which bridge
in the network is the best choice for the root bridge. If there is only one bridge on the network, no
BPDU exchange occurs, the forward delay timer expires, and the ports move to the learning state.
All STP enabled ports enter the discarding state following the bridge startup.
A port in the discarding state does the following:
•
•
•
•
•
Discards packets received from the network segment to which it is attached.
Discards packets sent from another port on the bridge for forwarding.
Does not add addresses to its forwarding database.
Receives BPDUs and directs them to the central processing unit (CPU).
Does not transmit BPDUs from the CPU.
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The following illustration shows the actions that occur when a port is in the discarding state.
Learning state
A port in the learning state prepares to participate in frame forwarding. The port enters the learning
state from the discarding state. A port will move from learning to forwarding when its forward delay
timer expires.
A port in the learning state does the following:
•
•
•
Discards frames received from the network segment to which it is attached.
Discards packets sent from another port on the bridge for forwarding.
Learns station location information from the source address of packets and adds this information
to its forwarding database.
•
Receives BPDUs for the CPU and transmits BPDUs from the CPU.
The following illustration shows the actions that occur when a port is in the learning state.
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Forwarding state
A port in the forwarding state forwards packets. The port enters the forwarding state from the
learning state when the forward delay timer expires.
A port in the forwarding state does the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Forwards packets received from the network segment to which it is attached.
Forwards packets sent from another port on the bridge for forwarding.
Incorporates station location information into its address database.
Receives BPDUs and directs them to the system CPU.
Transmits BPDUs from the system CPU.
Receives and responds to network management messages.
The following illustration shows the actions that occur when a port is in the forwarding state.
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Disabled state
A port in the disabled state does not participate in frame forwarding or STP. A port in the disabled
state is virtually non-operational. Note that this STP port state should not be confused with the port’s
administrative state.
A disabled port does the following:
•
•
•
•
Discards packets received from the network segment to which it is attached.
Discards packets sent from another port on the bridge for forwarding.
Does not add addresses to its forwarding database.
Neither receives nor transmits BPDUs.
The following illustration shows the actions that occur when a port is in the disabled state.
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Troubleshooting STP
This section describes how to troubleshoot the STP.
Spanning Tree Protocol Failure
A failure in the Spanning Tree Algorithm generally results in a bridging loop. This is caused by a
port that should be in the discarding state but is instead forwarding packets.
A
Root
Port 1
Port 2
Port 1
Port 1
B
Designated
C
Port 2
Port 2
Blocked
BPDUs
In this example, B has been elected as the designated bridge and port 2 on bridge C is in the
discarding state. The election of B as the designated bridge is determined by the exchange of BPDUs
between bridges B and C. Bridge B had a better spanning tree priority vector than bridge C. Bridge
B continues sending BPDUs that advertise its superiority over the other bridges on this LAN. If
bridge C fails to receive these BPDUs for longer than the Max. Age time (default of 20 seconds), it
could start to change its port 2 from the discarding state to the forwarding state.
/ NOTE
To remain in the discarding state, a port must continue to receive BPDUs that advertise
superior paths.
There are several circumstances in which the algorithm can fail, mostly related to the loss of a large
number of BPDUs. These situations will cause a port in the discarding state to change to the
forwarding state.
Full/half duplex mismatch
A mismatch in the duplex state of two ports is a very common configuration error for a point-to-
point link. If one port is configured as full duplex and the other port is left in auto-negotiation mode,
the second port will end up in half-duplex because ports explicitly configured as half- or full-duplex
do not negotiate.
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A
Root
Half-duplex
Port 1
Port 2
BPDUs
Collision
Discarded
Port 1
Full-duplex
Port 1
C
Designated
B
Port 2
Port 2
Blocked
In the preceding example, port 1 on bridge B is configured as a full-duplex port and port 1 on bridge
A is either configured as a half-duplex port or is left in auto-negotiation mode. Because port 1 on
bridge B is configured as a full-duplex port, it does not test for carrier sense when accessing the link.
Bridge B will then start sending packets even if bridge A is using the link. A will then detect
collisions and begin to run the flow control algorithm. If there is enough traffic between bridges B
and A, all packets (including BPDUs) will be dropped. If the BPDUs sent from bridge A to bridge B
are dropped for longer than the Max. Age, bridge B will lose its connection to the root (bridge A)
and will unblock its connection to bridge C. This will create a data loop.
Unidirectional link
Unidirectional links can be caused by an undetected failure in one side of a fiber cable or by a
problem with a port’s transceiver. Any failure that enables a link to remain up while providing one-
way communication is very likely to cause a Spanning Tree Protocol failure.
A
Root
Port 1
Port 2
Port 1
Port 1
B
C
Designated
Port 2
Port 2
Blocked
BPDUss Lost
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In this example, port 2 on bridge B can receive but not transmit packets. Port 2 on bridge C should
be in the discarding state, but since it can no longer receive BPDUs from port 2 on bridge B, it will
change to the forwarding state. If the failure exists at boot time, STP will not converge on a stable
topology and restarting the bridges will have no effect.
/ NOTE
In the previous example, restarting the bridges will provide a temporary resolution.
This type of failure is difficult to detect because the Link-state LEDs for Ethernet links rely on the
transmit side of the cable to detect a link. If a unidirectional failure on a link is suspected, it is
usually necessary to go to the console or other management software and look at the packets
received and transmitted for the port. For example, a unidirectional port will have many packets
transmitted but none received, or vice versa.
Packet corruption
Packet corruption can lead to the same type of failure. If a link is experiencing a high rate of physical
errors, a large number of consecutive BPDUs can be dropped and a port in the discarding state
would change to the forwarding state. The discarding port would have to have the BPDUs dropped
for 50 seconds (at the default settings) and a single BPDU would reset the timer. If the Max. Age is
set too low, this time is reduced.
Resource errors
The switch performs its switching and routing functions primarily in hardware, using specialized
application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). STP is implemented in software and is thus reliant
upon the speed of the CPU and other factors to converge. If the CPU is over utilized, it is possible
that BPDUs might not be sent in a timely fashion. STP is generally not very CPU intensive and is
given priority over other processes, so this type of error is rare.
It can be seen that very low values for the Max. Age and the Forward Delay can result in an unstable
spanning tree. The loss of BPDUs can lead to data loops. The diameter of the network can also cause
problems. The default values for STP give a maximum network diameter of about seven. This means
that two bridges in the network cannot be more than seven hops apart. Part of this diameter
restriction is the BPDU age field. As BPDUs are propagated from the root bridge to the leaves of the
spanning tree, each bridge increments the age field. When this field is beyond the maximum age, the
packet is discarded. For large diameter networks, STP convergence can be very slow.
Identifying a data loop
Broadcast storms have a very similar effect on the network-to-data loops, but broadcast storm
controls in modern bridges have been (along with subnetting and other network practices) very
effective in controlling broadcast storms. The best way to determine if a data loop exists is to capture
traffic on a saturated link and check whether similar packets are seen multiple times.
Generally, if all the users of a given domain are unable to connect to the network at the same time, a
data loop is the cause. In this case, the port utilization data will have unusually high values.
The priority for most cases is to restore connectivity as soon as possible. The simplest remedy is to
manually disable all of the ports that provide redundant links. Disabling the ports one at a time and
then checking for the restoration of a user’s connectivity will identify the link that is causing the
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problem, if sufficient time is available. Connectivity will be restored immediately after disabling a
data loop.
Avoiding network problems
To help your network operate more efficiently, you can avoid or minimize network problems, as
described in this section.
•
Know where the root is located.
Although the STP can elect a root bridge, a well-designed network has an identifiable root for
each VLAN. Careful setup of the STP parameters results in the selection of this best bridge as
the root for each VLAN. Redundant links can then be built into the network. STP is well-suited
to maintaining connectivity in the event of a device failure or removal, but is poorly suited to
designing networks.
•
Know which links are redundant.
Organize the redundant links and tune the port cost parameters of STP to force those ports into
the discarding state.
For each VLAN, know which ports should be discarding in a stable network. A network
illustration that shows each physical loop in the network and which ports break which loops is
extremely helpful.
•
Minimize the number of ports in the discarding state.
A single discarding port changing to the forwarding state at an inappropriate time can cause a
large part of a network to fail. Limiting the number of blocked ports helps to limit the risk of an
inappropriate change.
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This is a common network design. Through trunks, bridges C and D have redundant links to
backbone bridges A and B. Trunks, by default, carry all the VLAN traffic from VLAN 1 and VLAN
2. Therefore, bridge C is not only receiving traffic for VLAN 1, but also unnecessary broadcast and
multicast traffic for VLAN 2. Bridge C is also discarding one port for VLAN 2. Thus, there are three
redundant paths between bridges A and B, and two blocked ports per VLAN. This increases the
chance of a data loop.
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B
A
Trunk
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
Blocked
Blocked
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
C
D
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
In this example, the VLAN definitions are extended to bridges A and B. This gives only a single
blocked port per VLAN and enables the removal of all redundant links by removing bridge A or B
from the network.
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Appendix G Getting Help and Technical
Assistance
This appendix contains information about where to go for additional information on Intel products,
what to do if you experience a problem with your server platform, and whom to call for service if it
is necessary.
Before you call
Before you call, make sure that you have taken these steps to try to solve the problem yourself:
•
•
•
Check all cables to make sure that they are connected.
Check the power switches to make sure that the system is turned on.
Use the troubleshooting information in your system documentation, and use the diagnostic tools
that come with your system.
You can solve many problems without outside assistance by following the troubleshooting
procedures that Intel provides in the publications that are provided on the Resource CD that ships
with your system and software. The documentation also describes the diagnostic tests that you can
perform. Most systems, operating systems, and programs come with information that contains
troubleshooting procedures and explanations of error messages and error codes. If you suspect a
software problem, see the information for the operating system or program.
Using the documentation
Information about your server platform and pre installed software, if any, is available on the
Resource CD that comes with your system. The Resource CD includes user manuals, maintenance
manuals and troubleshooting guides. See the troubleshooting information in your system
or the diagnostic programs might tell you that you need additional or updated device drivers or other
software. The troubleshooting information or the diagnostic programs might tell you that you need
additional or updated device drivers or other software.
Hardware and software service and support
Contact your Intel Support Representative for hardware and software service and support.
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Appendix H Notices
Safety and regulatory information
/ NOTE
These service procedures are designed to help you isolate problems. They are written with the
assumption that you have model-specific training on all computers, or that you are familiar
with the computers, functions, terminology, and service information provided in this manual.
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General Safety
Follow these rules to ensure general safety:
•
•
Observe good housekeeping in the area of the machines during and after maintenance.
Do not perform any action that causes hazards to the customer, or that makes the equipment
unsafe.
•
Place removed covers and other parts in a safe place, away from all personnel, while you are
servicing the machine.
•
•
Keep your tool case away from walk areas so that other people will not trip over it.
Do not wear loose clothing that can be trapped in the moving parts of a machine. Ensure that
your sleeves are fastened or rolled up above your elbows. If your hair is long, fasten it.
•
•
•
•
•
Insert the ends of your necktie or scarf inside clothing or fasten it with a nonconductive clip,
approximately 8 centimeters (3 inches) from the end.
Do not wear jewelry, chains, metal-frame eyeglasses, or metal fasteners for your clothing.
Remember: Metal objects are good electrical conductors.
Wear safety glasses when you are: hammering, drilling soldering, cutting wire, attaching
springs, using solvents, or working in any other conditions that might be hazardous to your eyes.
After service, reinstall all safety shields, guards, labels, and ground wires. Replace any safety
device that is worn or defective.
Reinstall all covers correctly before returning the machine to the customer.
Electrical Safety
xxCAUTION:
Electrical current from power, telephone, and communication cables can be hazardous. To
avoid personal injury or equipment damage, disconnect the server system power cords,
telecommunication systems, networks, and modems before you open the server covers.
Important: Observe the following rules when working on electrical equipment:
•
•
Disconnect all power before performing a mechanical inspection.
Before you start to work on the machine, unplug the power cord. or power-off the wall box that
supplies power to the machine and to lock the wall box in the off position.
•
•
•
Regularly inspect and maintain your electrical hand tools for safe operational condition.
Do not use worn or broken tools and testers.
Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit. First, check that it has been
powered-off.
•
•
Always look carefully for possible hazards in your work area. Examples of these hazards are
moist floors, nongrounded power extension cables, power surges, and missing safety grounds.
Do not touch live electrical circuits with the reflective surface of an inspection mirror. The
surface is conductive; such touching can cause personal injury and machine damage.
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Handling electrostatic discharge-sensitive devices
Any computer part containing transistors or integrated circuits (IC) should be considered sensitive to
electrostatic discharge (ESD). ESD damage can occur when there is a difference in charge between
objects. Protect against ESD damage by equalizing the charge so that the server, the part, the work
mat, and the person handling the part are all at the same charge.
/ NOTE
Use product-specific ESD procedures when they exceed the requirements noted here.
Make sure that the ESD-protective devices you use have been certified (ISO 9000) as fully
effective.
When handling ESD-sensitive parts:
•
•
•
•
Keep the parts in protective packages until they are inserted into the product.
Avoid contact with other people.
Wear a grounded wrist strap against your skin to eliminate static on your body.
Prevent the part from touching your clothing. Most clothing is insulative and retains a charge
even when you are wearing a wrist strap.
•
•
Use the black side of a grounded work mat to provide a static-free work surface. The mat is
especially useful when handling ESD-sensitive devices.
Select a grounding system, such as those in the following list, to provide protection that meets
the specific service requirement.
— Attach the ESD ground clip to any frame ground, ground braid, or green-wire ground.
— Use an ESD common ground or reference point when working on a double-insulated or
battery-operated system. You can use coax or connector-outside shells on these systems.
— Use the round ground-prong of the AC plug on AC-operated computers.
/ NOTE
The use of a grounding system is desirable but not required to protect against ESD
damage.
xxCAUTION:
If your system has a module containing a lithium battery, replace it only with the same module
type made by the same manufacturer. The battery contains lithium and can explode if not
properly used, handled, or disposed of. Do not:
•
•
•
•
Throw or immerse into water
Heat to more than 100×C (212×F)
Repair or disassemble
Dispose of the battery as required by local ordinances or regulations.
xxCAUTION:
When laser products (such as CD-ROMs, DVD-ROM drives, fiber optic devices, or
transmitters) are installed, note the following:
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•
•
Do not remove the covers. Removing the covers of the laser product could result in
exposure to hazardous laser radiation. There are no serviceable parts inside the device.
Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified
herein might result in hazardous radiation exposure.
DANGER
Some laser products contain an embedded Class 3A or Class 3B laser diode.
Note the following:
Laser radiation when open. Do not stare into the beam, do not view directly
with optical instruments, and avoid direct exposure to the beam.
xxCAUTION:
Hazardous energy is present when the blade is connected to the power source. Always replace
the blade cover before installing the blade.
Regulatory specifications and disclaimers
Safety compliance
USA:
UL 60950 - 3rd Edition/CSA 22.2. No. 60950
Canada:
cUL certified - 3rd Edition/CSA 22.2. No. 60950- for Canada (product bears the single cUL
mark for U.S. and Canada)
Europe:
Low Voltage Directive, 73/23/EEC
UL/CB to EN60950 3rd Edition
UL/CB to IEC 60950 3rd Edition
International:
UL/CB - EN60 950 3rd Edition
UL/CB - EMKO-TSE (74-SEC) 207/94
Australia/New
Zealand:
CB Report to IEC 60950, 3rd Edition plus international deviations
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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
USA:
FCC CFR 47 Part 2 and 15, Verified Class A Limit
Canada:
Europe:
IC ICES-003 Class A Limit
EMC Directive, 89/336/EEC
EN55022, Class A Limit, Radiated & Conducted Emissions
EN55024 ITE Specific Immunity Standard
EN61000-4-2 ESD Immunity (Level 2 Contact Discharge, Level 3 Air Discharge)
EN61000-4-3 Radiated Immunity (Level 2)
EN61000-4-4 Electrical Fast Transient (Level 2)
EN61000-4-5 AC Surge
EN61000-4-6 Conducted RF
EN61000-4-8 Power Frequency Magnetic Fields
EN61000-4-11 Voltage Dips and Interrupts
VCCI Class A ITE (CISPR 22, Class A Limit)
AS/NZS 3548, Class A Limit
Japan:
Australia/New
Zealand:
Taiwan:
BSMI Approval
Korea:
RRL Approval
Russia:
GOST Approval
CISPR 22, Class A Limit
International:
Electromagnetic compatibility notice (USA)
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case
the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Electromagnetic compatibility notices (International)
Europe (CE Declaration of Conformity): This product has been tested in accordance to, and
complies with the Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) and EMC Directive (89/336/EEC). The
product has been marked with the CE Mark to illustrate its compliance.
Japan EMC Compatibility:
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English translation of the notice above: This is a Class A product based on the standard of the
Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this
equipment is used in a domestic environment, radio disturbance may arise. When such trouble
occurs, the user may be required to take corrective actions.
ICES-003 (Canada): Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites bruits radioélectriques applicables
aux appareils numériques de Classe A prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur: “Appareils
Numériques”, NBM-003 édictée par le Ministre Canadian des Communications.
English translation of the notice above: This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits
for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the interference-causing equipment
standard entitled “Digital Apparatus”, ICES-003 of the Canadian Department of Communications.
BSMI (Taiwan): The BSMI Certification number and the following warning is located on the
product safety label which is located visibly on the external chassis.
RRL Korea:
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English translation of the previous notice:
Device
User’s Information
Class A device
This device complies with RRL EMC and is operated
in commercial environment so that distributors or
users pay attention to this point.
If the product is sold or purchased improperly, please
exchange this product to what can be used at home.
Class B device
This device complies with RRL EMC and is operated
in a residential area so that it can be used at all other
location as well as residential area.
Remarks: Class A device - operated in a commercial area. Class B device - operated in a residential area.
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