User’s Guide
DSn/SONET
Operation
HP 37718A
OmniBER 718
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User’s Guide DSn/SONET Operation
HP 37718A
OmniBER 718
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Abou t Th is Book
This book tells you how to select the features that you want to use for your test.
The selections available are presented in the following groups:
• Transmit and receive interfaces
• Test features, for example, the addition of errors and alarms to the test
signal
• Measurements including test timing
• Storing, logging and printing results with general printer information
• Using instrument and disk storage
• Using the “Other” features.
The selections available will depend on the options fitted to your
instrument. The examples given in this book cover all options and
therefore may include selections which are not available on your
instrument.
iv
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Contents
1 Setting the Interfaces
Setting DSn Transmit Interface 2
Setting SONET Transmit Interface 4
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface 7
Setting Wander Transmit Interface 9
Setting SONET THRU Mode 11
Using Smart Test 13
Setting DSn Receive Interface 15
Setting SONET Receive Interface 17
Setting Jitter Receive Interface 18
Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface 19
Setting Wander Receive Interface 20
2 Selecting Test Features
Using Transmit Overhead Setup 22
Using Receive Overhead Monitor 24
Setting Overhead Trace Messages 26
Generating Overhead Sequences 27
Using Receive Overhead Capture 29
Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal 31
Adding Frequency Offset to the DSn Signal 33
Setting up Signaling Bits 34
Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal 37
Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal 39
Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s
Structured Payload/Test Signal 40
Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s
Structured Payload/Test Signal 42
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Contents
Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal 43
Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal 46
Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface 49
Adding Errors & Alarms to the DSn Interface/DSn Payload 50
Using FEAC Codes 51
Setting DSn Spare Bits 53
Adding Pointer Adjustments 54
Using Pointer Graph Test Function 61
Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits 63
Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages 64
Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel 65
3 Making Measurements
Using Overhead BER Test Function 68
Test Timing 69
Making SONET Analysis Measurements 70
Making DSn Analysis Measurements 71
Measuring Frequency 72
Measuring Optical Power 73
Measuring Round Trip Delay 74
Monitoring Signaling Bits 76
Measuring Service Disruption Time 77
Performing a SONET Tributary Scan 80
Performing an SONET Alarm Scan 82
Performing a DSn Alarm Scan 83
Measuring Jitter 84
Measuring Extended Jitter 86
Measuring Wander 87
Measuring Jitter Tolerance 89
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Contents
Measuring Jitter Transfer 92
4 Storing, Logging and Printing
Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store 98
Recalling Stored Graph Results 99
Viewing the Bar Graph Display 101
Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries 103
Logging Graph Displays 105
Logging Results 107
Logging on Demand 110
Logging Jitter Tolerance Results 112
Logging Jitter Transfer Results 114
Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer 116
Logging Results to HP-IB Printer 117
Logging Results to Internal Printer 118
Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer 119
Printing Results from Disk 120
Connecting an HP 850C DeskJet Printer to a Parallel Port 121
Changing Internal Printer Paper 122
Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head 125
5 Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Storing Configurations in Instrument Store 128
Titling Configuration in Instrument Store 129
Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store 130
Formatting a Disk 131
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Contents
Labeling a Disk 132
Managing Files and Directories on Disk 133
Saving Graphics Results to Disk 140
Saving Data Logging to Disk 142
Saving Configurations to Disk 143
Recalling Configuration from Disk 144
Recalling Graphics Results from Disk 145
Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk 146
Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store 148
Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk 150
6 Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings 154
Setting Time & Date 155
Enabling Keyboard Lock 156
Enabling Beep on Received Error 157
Suspending Test on Signal Loss 158
Setting Error Threshold Indication 159
Setting Screen Brightness and Color 160
Dumping Display to Disk 161
Running Self Test 163
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Contents
7 STS-1 SPE Background Patterns
8 ETSI/ANSI Terminology
ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms 170
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Contents
x
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1
1
Setting the Interfaces
This chapter tells you how to set the instrument
interfaces to match the network being tested.
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Settin g th e In ter fa ces
Settin g DSn Tr a n sm it In ter fa ce
Descr iption
TIP :
DSn transmit interface settings should match network equipment
settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload
to be tested.
To set the Transmitter and Receiver to the same interface settings
OTHER
choose
.
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the required SIGNAL rate.
Rates of DS1, DS3, 2 Mb/s and 34 Mb/s are available.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required
CLOCK SYNC source - internally generated or recovered from the
received DSn signal.
If J itter, Option 204, 205 or 206, is fitted and SIGNAL
is chosen
2 Mb/s
a
choice is added to the menu. This allows you to choose the
2M REF
synchronization source for the 2 Mb/s reference. The synchronization
source is supplied from the SONET Clock module. It can be internally
generated, derived from an external clock or recovered from the
SONET received signal.
2
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting DSn Transmit Interface
3
4
If DS1 or DS3 is chosen, choose the required OUTPUT LEVEL.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required
TERMINATION. (At all other signal rates the impedance is fixed).
5
6
7
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s or DS1 as the SIGNAL rate, choose the
required LINE CODE. (At 34 Mb/s and DS3 coding is fixed).
If required, choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value.
See “Adding Frequency Offset to the DSn Signal” page 33.
Choose the required PAYLOAD TYPE.
If
If
is required
must be chosen.
FRAMED
STRUCTURED
STRUCTURED
is chosen the DSn test signal must be set up. See
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 37.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 as the DSn signal rate, the
Framed choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
8
Choose the PATTERN type and the PRBS POLARITY.
3
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET Transmit Interface
Settin g SONET Tr a n sm it In ter fa ce
Descr iption
SONET transmit interface settings should match the network
equipment settings of Rate, Wavelength and Mapping, determine the
payload to be tested and set background conditions to prevent alarms
while testing.
TIP :
If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same
OTHER
interface settings choose
.
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO:
1
Make your choice of SIGNAL rate.
If Option 106, Dual Wavelength optical module, is fitted and an optical
rate is chosen, choose the required wavelength (1550) or (1310).
If STS-1 is chosen, choose the required interface level.
Choose
unless
is required. If
is
THRU MODE
INTERNAL
THRU MODE
chosen, see "Setting SONET THRU Mode " page 11.
2
3
4
Make your choice of CLOCK synchronization source. The RECEIVE
clock synchronization choice depends on the SONET Receive Interface
choice.
allows a choice of MTS, BITS or 10 MHz clocks.
EXTERNAL
If required choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value. See “Adding
Frequency Offset to SONET Signal” page 31.
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET Transmit Interface
4
Choose FOREGROUND
, BACKGROUND
F/G MAPPING
MAPPING and type of payload.
B/G MAPPING
Mapping may be selected from a pictorial display by moving the cursor to
SET
MAPPING and pressing
.
Use
and
to move between STS Layer choice, VT Layer choice and
and to choose the mapping.
to confirm your choice and return to the
Payload Layer choice. Use
Use
SET
SONET
display.
MAIN SETTINGS
5
If VT-6 mapping is chosen, VT CONCATENATION selection is
enabled, choose or the tributary at which the concatenation
OFF
begins, VT6-2C through VT6-6C.
The BACKGROUND, PATTERN IN OTHER VT-6’s is fixed at
NUMBERED, that is, each VT-6 contains a unique number to allow
identification in case of routing problems.
6
7
8
If required, choose DS1/2M/34M/DS3 OFFSET value. See “Adding
Frequency Offset to SONET Signal” page 31
If FULL SPE, VT-6, VT-2 or VT-1.5 mapping is chosen, choose the test
tributary CHANNEL, including the STS-3 for an OC-12/OC-48 signal.
Choose the payload framing under PAYLOAD TYPE or VT PAYLOAD.
If
If
is required
must be chosen.
FRAMED
STRUCTURED
STRUCTURED
is chosen, the Payload test signal must be set up. See
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 37.
If is chosen, see “Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test
INSERT
Signal” page 43.
5
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET Transmit Interface
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 under Mapping, the Framed
choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
9
Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
10 Choose the mapping required in the background (non-test) STS’s.
11 If VT mapping is chosen for the test STS, choose the PATTERN IN
OTHER VT’s.
6
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface
Settin g J itter Tr a n sm it In ter fa ce
Descr iption :
You can add jitter to the transmitted DSn or SONET signal at 2 Mb/s,
34 Mb/s, STS-3, OC-3, OC-12, and OC-48. You can source the jitter
modulation internally or from an external source.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
If you are adding jitter to the DSn signal, set up the DSn transmit
If you are adding jitter to the SONET signal, set up the SONET
transmit interface. See “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4.
Choose J ITTER/WANDER
.
JITTER
If you wish to add wander to the DSn or SONET signal, See “Setting
Wander Transmit Interface” page 9.
4
Choose J ITTER
.
ON
If you wish to perform a J itter Tolerance measurement, choose
. See “Measuring J itter Tolerance” page 89.
AUTO TOLERANCE
If you wish to perform a J itter Transfer measurement choose
. See “Measuring J itter Transfer” page 92.
TRANSFER FUNCTION
7
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface
5
Choose the modulation source.
If adding jitter to the DSn signal and
is chosen, connect
EXTERNAL
the external source to the MOD IN port of the DSn J itter TX module.
Up to 10 UI of external jitter modulation can be added at the MOD IN
port.
If adding jitter to the SDH signal and
is chosen, connect
EXTERNAL
the external source to the MOD IN port of the SONET Clock module.
Up to 20 UI of external jitter modulation can be added at the MOD IN
port.
6
Choose the J ITTER MASK setting required.
You can choose the jitter range, jitter modulating frequency and jitter
amplitude if
If you choose
is chosen.
OFF
, the HP 37718A will "sweep" through the ITU-T
SWEPT
jitter mask (G.823 for DSn, G.958, G.825 or G.253 for SONET)
adjusting the jitter amplitude according to the jitter frequency.
If you choose
, you can choose the "spot" jitter frequency. The
SPOT
jitter amplitude is adjusted and controlled according to your jitter
frequency choice.
TIP :
If, when using the SWEPT MASK capability, a problem occurs around a
certain frequency, this may require closer examination. Stop the sweep
at that point by choosing
. You can then control the "spot" jitter
SPOT
frequency to make closer examination of the problem.
8
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting Wander Transmit Interface
Settin g Wa n d er Tr a n sm it In ter fa ce
Descr iption :
You can add Wander to the 2 Mb/s DSn signal and the STS-3, OC-3,
OC-12 or OC-48 SONET signal.
HOW TO:
1
Connect REF OUT on the SONET Clock module to REF IN on the DSn
2
Set up the DSn transmit interface, choose CLOCK SYNC
and
2M REF
select the SOURCE required from the menu. See “Setting DSn
Transmit Interface” page 2.
3
Choose J ITTER/WANDER
.
WANDER
If you wish to add jitter to the DSn signal, See “Setting J itter Transmit
Interface” page 7.
4
5
Choose WANDER
.
ON
Choose the modulation source.
If is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN
EXTERNAL
port of the DSn J itter TX module. Up to 10 UI of external wander
modulation can be added.
9
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting Wander Transmit Interface
6
Choose the WANDER MASK setting required.
You can choose the wander modulating frequency and wander
amplitude if
If you choose
is chosen.
OFF
, you can choose the "spot" wander frequency. The
wander amplitude is adjusted and controlled according to your wander
frequency choice.
7
Set up the SONET transmit interface. See “Setting SONET Transmit
Interface” page 4.
8
Choose J ITTER/WANDER
.
WANDER
If you wish to add jitter to the SONET signal, see "Setting J itter
Transmit Interface " page 7.
9
Choose WANDER
.
ON
10 Choose the WANDER MASK setting required.
You can choose the wander modulating frequency and wander
amplitude if
If you choose
is chosen.
OFF
, you can choose the "spot" wander frequency. The
SPOT
wander amplitude is adjusted and controlled according to your wander
frequency choice.
10
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET THRU Mode
Settin g SONET THRU Mod e
Descr iption
THRU mode is used to non-intrusively monitor SONET lines where no
protected monitor points are available.
As THRU mode locks some user settings, you must set SIGNAL RATE,
STS rate, STS-1 SPE CHANNEL (if appropriate) before selecting THRU
mode.
The entire frame can be errorred at a user defined rate if PAYLOAD
OVERWRITE and TOH+POH CHANNEL OVERWRITE are both set to
. If either overwrite is enabled the ENTIRE FRAME ERROR RATE
OFF
function is disabled.
OC-1/STS-1, OC-3/STS-3
You can substitute a new payload, Section and Line Overhead (TOH) and
Path overhead (POH) in the received OC-1/STS-1 or OC-3/STS-3 signal
for testing.
OC-12, OC-48
The overhead and payload may be overwritten for STS-3c SPE and AU3.
PAYLOAD OVERWRITE is not available for STS-12C or STS-48C.
TOH+POH CHANNEL overwrite is available for STS-12C and STS-48C.
HOW TO:
1
Make the required SIGNAL RATE, MAPPING and CHANNEL
choices on the SONET and displays, See
RECEIVE
TRANSMIT
"Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4 and "Setting SONET
Receive Interface " page 17.
11
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET THRU Mode
2
Make the PAYLOAD OVERWRITE choice required.
If STS-3c SPE, STS-1 SPE, VT-6, VT-2 or VT-1.5 is chosen, the Section,
Line and Path CVs are recalculated before transmission and the
Mapping, Selected VT, VT Payload, Pattern, Tributary Offset and
Pattern in other VT’s settings are displayed. To choose the settings in
these, See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4, steps 4
through 10.
3
4
Make the TOH+POH CHANNEL OVERWRITE choice required.
TRANSMIT
: Errors & Alarms, Sequences,
SONET TEST FUNCTION SONET
Overhead BER, APS Messages and DCC Insert.
The Section, Line and Path CVs are recalculated before transmission.
If you wish to add jitter to the STS-3, OC-3, OC-12 or OC-48 signal, See
“Setting J itter Transmit Interface” page 7.
12
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Setting the Interfaces
Using Smart Test
Usin g Sm a r t Test
Descr iption
The Smart Test function can help speed-up configuring the instrument in
two ways.
1
A Sm a r tsetu p feature that will attempt to configure the instrument
to receive the incoming signal.
2
A series of “links” that provide quick access to some of the most
frequently used features of the instrument. Note that these tests are
run with the instrument in its current configuration, no attempt is
made to set the instrument to the requirements of the test.
Sm a r tsetu p can help the user by attempting to identify the incoming
signal structure and detect mixed payload signal structures.
HOW TO USE
1
Connect the HP 37718A to the network and choose if necessary the
RECEIVE
interface on the HP 37718A (Smartsetup
SMARTSETUP :
required SONET
will select DSn or SONET/SDH, but can not select between SONET
and SDH).
SMART TEST
2
3
Press
.
The display will show the Smart Test menu above.
SET
Press either
or
.
SELECT
13
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Setting the Interfaces
Using Smart Test
4
5
6
In SONET mode the incoming signal will be identified on the top line
of the display, and under this the payload mappings, the J 1 Trace and
C2 byte indicators are displayed on the bottom lines.
Use the
and
keys to display the J 1 Trace information for each
STS SPE. When the STS SPE of interest has been identified choose
either
Choosing
or
.
VIEW PAYLOAD
PRBS SEARCH
will identify and display the payload
VIEW PAYLOAD
mapping of the TUG structured signal, as shown below.
Choose the required tributary using and
.
7
There are four choices available at this point:
which sets the receiver to receive the selected tributary.
SETUP RX
which sets the receiver to receive the selected
TROUBLE SCAN
tributary, exits to the
gating.
display and starts
TROUBLE SCAN
RESULTS
which displays the C2/V5/J 1/J 2 trace information for
the selected tributary.
VIEW LABELS
which returns the display to the STS SPE selection
TOP LEVEL
window.
8
9
Choosing
at Step 5 will prompt you for additional
PRBS SEARCH
information about patterns and which mapping to search. When the
required data has been entered press
.
GO
When the search is complete a tributary display appears, with any
tributaries containing the required PRBS indicated with a “P”. Choose
the required tributary using
and
.
14
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting DSn Receive Interface
Settin g DSn Receive In ter fa ce
Descr iption
TIP :
DSn Receive interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload
to be tested.
To set the transmitter and receiver to the same interface settings choose
OTHER
.
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the required SIGNAL rate.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required
TERMINATION. (At all other rates the impedance is fixed.)
3
4
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s or DS1 as the SIGNAL rate, choose the
required LINE CODE. (At 34Mb/s and DS3 coding is fixed.)
If you are measuring at the network equipment monitor point, set the
LEVEL field to
. In this case the received signal will be 20
MONITOR
to 30 dB below the normal level.
Choose the GAIN required to return the received signal to normal.
Choose EQUALIZATION
required.
to compensate for cable losses if
ON
15
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting DSn Receive Interface
5
Choose the PAYLOAD TYPE.
If
If
is required
must be chosen.
FRAMED
STRUCTURED
STRUCTURED
is chosen, the DSn test signal must be set up. See
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 37.
If you chose 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 as the PDH/DSn SIGNAL rate, the
FRAMED choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
6
Choose the PATTERN type and the PRBS POLARITY required.
16
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET Receive Interface
Settin g SONET Receive In ter fa ce
Descr iption
TIP :
SONET Receive interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate and Mapping, and determine the payload to be tested.
If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same
OTHER
interface settings, choose
.
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO:
1
Choose the required SIGNAL source.
If STS-1 or STS-3 is chosen, choose the required LEVEL.
If the LEVEL chosen is
choose the required GAIN.
MONITOR
2
3
Choose mapping and type of payload.
If VT-6 mapping is chosen, and CONCATENATION is enabled, choose
the tributary at which the concatenation begins.
If VT-6, VT-2 or VT-1.5 mapping is chosen, choose the test tributary
under CHANNEL.
4
5
Choose the payload framing under PAYLOAD TYPE or VT PAYLOAD.
If
If
is required
must be chosen.
FRAMED
STRUCTURED
STRUCTURED
is chosen the Payload test signal must be set up. See
“Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 39.
If DROP is chosen, see “Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal”
page 46.
Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
17
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting Jitter Receive Interface
Settin g J itter Receive In ter fa ce
Descr iption :
J itter and error measurements are made simultaneously when a jitter
option is fitted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the
DSn or SONET receiver and the interface selections are the normal
Receiver selections. The jitter receive interface is selected with
RECEIVE
or
MEASUREMENT TYPE
SONET JITTER
PDH/DSn JITTER
RECEIVE
.
JITTER
The choices made on the jitter receive interface determine the jitter
measurement range, the threshold level for determining a jitter hit and
which filters are used in the jitter measurement.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
Choose MEASUREMENT TYPE
.
JITTER
Choose the RECEIVER RANGE - the jitter measurement range.
Choose the HIT THRESHOLD level - if the received jitter exceeds the
value chosen a jitter hit is recorded.
4
Choose the FILTER you wish to include in the peak to peak and RMS
jitter measurement.
18
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface
Settin g Exten d ed J itter Receive
In ter fa ce
Descr iption :
Extended J itter measurements are made in a jitter bandwidth of 0.1 Hz
to 25 kHz. These measurements are made at the upper end of the
standard wander frequency range and the lower end of the standard
jitter frequency range. The extended jitter receive interface is selected
with
or
PDH/DSn JITTER
SONET JITTER
RECEIVE
RECEIVE
MEASUREMENT TYPE
.
EXTENDED
The choices made on the jitter receive interface determine the threshold
level for determining a jitter hit. The measurement Range and the
Filters are not selectable.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose MEASUREMENT TYPE
.
EXTENDED
Choose the HIT THRESHOLD level - if the received jitter exceeds the
value chosen a jitter hit is recorded.
19
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Setting the Interfaces
Setting Wander Receive Interface
Settin g Wa n d er Receive In ter fa ce
Descr iption :
You can measure Wander at all DSn and SONET rates. An external
timing reference should be selected on the
or
PDH/DSn
TRANSMIT
display to ensure accurate Wander results.
SONET MAIN SETTINGS
HOW TO:
1
Choose an external timing reference on the
TRANSMIT
SONET
MAIN SETTINGS
page 4.
2
3
If you intend to measure wander on a DSn signal, set up the DSn
receive interface. See, “Setting DSn Receive Interface” page 15.
If you intend to measure wander on a SONET signal, set up the
SONET receive interface. See, “Setting SONET Receive Interface”
page 17.
4
5
Choose MEASUREMENT TYPE
.
WANDER
Choose the wander HIT THRESHOLD - if the received wander
exceeds the value chosen a wander hit is recorded.
20
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2
2
Selecting Test Features
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Selectin g Test Fea tu r es
Usin g Tr a n sm it Over h ea d Setu p
Descr iption
You can set an overhead byte to a known static state to aid
troubleshooting, for example to quickly check for "stuck bits" in path
overhead bytes. Transport Overhead, Path Overhead, Trace Messages
and Labels can be set using this feature.
HOW TO:
1
2
Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See
"Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
Choose the type of overhead to SETUP.
If OC-12 or OC-48 is chosen as the SONET interface, choose the STS-
3# and STS-1# you wish to set up.
If STS-3 is chosen as the SONET interface, choose the STS-1# you
wish to set up.
DEFAULT - Use to set all overhead bytes to the standard values
defined by ITU-T.
If a test function is active then the overhead byte value is determined
by the choices made in the Test Function. If APS Messages is chosen,
for example, K1K2 value is set by the APS Messages setup.
22
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Selecting Test Features
Using Transmit Overhead Setup
If
(Transport Overhead) is chosen, choose the STS-1 to be
TOH
displayed. Many bytes in
and
are unlabeled as the
STS-1#3
STS-1# 2
other overhead functions have not yet been defined.
If is chosen, the hexadecimal value of all 81 bytes of the
STS-1# 1,2,3
STS-3 section & line overhead selected are displayed (all 324 bytes of
an OC-12 or 1,296 bytes of an OC-48 are displayed 81 bytes at a time
by selecting each STS-3 in turn). The value of the bytes can be set
using
.
DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT
If BYTE NAMES is chosen, the labels for the
bytes are displayed.
overhead
STS-1# 1,2,3
3
If POH (Path Overhead) is chosen, choose the TYPE of overhead
within STS-1 under test to be setup.
J 1 and J 2 bytes can be set under Path Overhead or Trace Messages.
H4 byte has a choice of sequences for VT-2, VT-1.5 and VT-6 mapping:
F u ll Sequ en ce - 48 byte binary sequence.
COC1 Sequ en ce - Binary count sequence of 0 to 3 i.e. 110000(00 to
11).
H4 byte is transmitted as all zero’s for 34 Mb/s and DS3.
4
If TRACE MESSAGES is chosen, see "Setting Overhead Trace
Messages " page 26.
NOTE
Any bit of an overhead byte which is displayed as x or s cannot be set at
any time. All other bits can be set to 0 or 1.
TIP :
You can set all overhead bytes to the default state by selecting SETUP
.
DEFAULT
You can set all overhead bytes and test functions to the default state by
OTHER
recalling Stored Settings [0] on the
display.
23
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Selecting Test Features
Using Receive Overhead Monitor
Usin g Receive Over h ea d Mon itor
Descr iption
When first connecting to a SONET network, a start up confidence check
can be made by viewing the behavior of all the overhead bytes. If the
SONET network shows alarm indications, some diagnosis of the problem
may be gained from viewing all the overhead bytes.The OVERHEAD
MONITOR display is updated once per second (once per 8000 frames)
approximately.
TIP :
A snapshot of the received overhead can be logged to the chosen logging
device. See "Logging on Demand " page 110.
HOW TO:
1
Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required. See
“Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17.
2
3
Choose the type of overhead to MONITOR.
If
(Transport Overhead) is chosen, choose the STS-3 # and
TOH
STS-1# to be displayed.
Many bytes in
and
are unlabeled because the other
STS-1#3
STS-1# 2
overhead functions have not yet been defined.
If is chosen, the hexadecimal value of all 81 bytes of
STS-1# 1,2,3
section overhead is displayed (all 324 bytes of an OC-12 or 1,296 bytes
of an OC-48 are displayed 81 bytes at a time by selecting each STS-3
in turn).The value of the bytes can be set using
DECREASE DIGIT
.
INCREASE DIGIT
24
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Selecting Test Features
Using Receive Overhead Monitor
If BYTE NAMES is chosen, the labels for the
bytes are displayed.
overhead
STS-1# 1,2,3
4
5
If POH (Path Overhead) is chosen, choose the source of the overhead,
SPE or VTSPE.
J 1 and J 2 bytes can be monitored under Path Overhead or Trace
Messages
If TRACE MESSAGES is chosen, you can monitor a data message to
verify portions of the network.
If the 16 byte CRC7 message structure is detected, the 15 characters
within the message are displayed.
If the CRC7 structure is not detected in J 1, the 64 byte message
format is assumed and displayed.
If the CRC7 structure is not detected for J 0 or J 2, all 16 bytes are
displayed.
6
7
If LABELS is chosen, the S1 sync status, STS path label (C2) and the
VT Path label (V5) are monitored.
If APS MESSAGES is chosen, choose the TOPOLOGY,
(GR-
LINEAR
253) or
RING
TIP :
If any abnormal behavior is observed on a particular path or section
overhead byte, or an associated group of bytes (3XA1,3XA2; D1 - D3), the
display of
can be
TEST FUNCTION
OVERHEAD CAPTURE
RECEIVE
used to "Zoom" in on the suspect byte or bytes on a frame by frame basis.
See "Using Receive Overhead Capture " page 29.
25
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Selecting Test Features
Setting Overhead Trace Messages
Settin g Over h ea d Tr a ce Messa ges
Descr iption
You can insert a data message to verify portions of the network:
J 0 verifies the section overhead.
J 1 verifies the STS-1 SPE or STS-3c SPE path connection.
J 2 verifies the VT SPE path connection.
HOW TO:
1
Choose the message for insertion in the chosen trace channel.
Choosing LABELS in TRACE MESSAGES allows the setting of the S1
SYNC STATUS, STS PATH LABEL (C2) and VT PATH LABEL (V5).
26
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Selecting Test Features
Generating Overhead Sequences
Gen er a tin g Over h ea d Sequ en ces
Descr ip tion
You may insert a pattern into a functional group of overhead bytes for
testing or troubleshooting purposes.
HOW TO:
1
2
Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See
“Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4.
Choose the type of sequence required.
SINGLE RUN - runs the sequence once and then stops.
REPEAT RUN - runs the sequence repeatedly until STOPPED is
chosen.
3
Choose the overhead type as required.
SOH- Section Overhead
LOH- Line Overhead
POH - Path Overhead
4
5
Choose the byte or bytes of overhead required.
Set up the required number of data patterns and the number of
frames in which each data pattern should appear.
Your sequence is derived from up to 5 blocks of hexadecimal data. Each
block can be transmitted in up to 64,000 frames.
The data and the number of frames are set using
DECREASE DIGIT
.
INCREASE DIGIT
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Selecting Test Features
Generating Overhead Sequences
6
Start the sequence by choosing
.
START
NOTE
When you start the sequence illustrated, one Out of Frame alarm and one
Loss of Frame alarm should occur every eight seconds.
28
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Selecting Test Features
Using Receive Overhead Capture
Usin g Receive Over h ea d Ca p tu r e
Descr iption
TIP :
Section, Line and Path overhead provide network support functions,
responding dynamically to network conditions and needs. It is therefore
useful to capture overhead activity on a frame by frame basis.
The Overhead Capture display can be logged to the chosen logging
device. See "Logging on Demand " page 110.
HOW TO:
1
2
Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required. See
“Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17.
Choose the overhead type as required.
SOH- Section Overhead
LOH- Line Overhead
POH- Path Overhead
3
Choose the Byte or bytes of overhead to be captured.
Choose the TRIGGER to determine the start point of the capture.
- starts immediately the capture is initiated. Can be used to
OFF
provide a frame by frame monitor of the chosen byte or bytes.
-captures activity after your specified overhead state has occurred.
ON
Can be used for transient detection from a specified expected state.
29
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Selecting Test Features
Using Receive Overhead Capture
- captures activity after the first occurrence of a deviation from
ON NOT
your specified overhead state. Can be used for transient detection from a
specified expected state.
4
Up to 16 records of overhead state are provided. Each record will
represent between 1 and 64,000 frames. A capture is started by
pressing CAPTURE
and terminates when up to 16 records
START
have been captured. The capture can be terminated earlier by pressing
CAPTURE
.
STOP
30
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal
Ad d in g Fr equ en cy Offset to SONET Sign a l
Descr iption
Frequency offset can be added to the SONET interface rate signal and to
the payload signal.
HOW TO:
SONET Lin e Ra te Offset
1
Choose the amount of frequency offset required.
You can set the Frequency Offset in the range -999 ppm to +999 ppm
in 1 ppm steps using
and
.
DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT
The amount of applied Frequency Offset can be varied while
measurements are taking place.
If the value of the SONET line rate offset chosen is sufficient to cause
the maximum stuff rate to be exceeded, the asynchronous payload is
offset to prevent bit errors occurring and the maximum stuff rate is
maintained. When Floating Byte 2 Mb/s is chosen, in conjunction with
SONET line rate offset, the chosen tributary will be offset as the line
rate is offset. (No pointer movements).
31
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal
Tr ibu ta r y Offset ±100 p p m
1
Choose the amount of tributary offset required.
You can set the Offset in the range -100 ppm to +100 ppm in 1 ppm
steps using
and
.
DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT
The amount of applied Frequency Offset can be varied while
measurements are taking place.
Tributary offset affects the stuff rate but does not cause pointer
movements and can be used to test mapping jitter. If the combined
value of SONET line rate offset and tributary offset chosen is sufficient
to cause the maximum stuff rate to be exceeded the payload is offset to
prevent bit errors occurring and the maximum stuff rate is
maintained.
32
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Frequency Offset to the DSn Signal
Ad d in g Fr equ en cy Offset to th e DSn Sign a l
Descr iption
You can add frequency offset to the interface DSn SIGNAL at all rates.
Frequency Offset can be added at preset ITU values or as User defined
values in the range ±100 ppm. The preset values change with the
SIGNAL rate chosen as shown:
DS-1 (1.544 Mb/s)
2 Mb/s (E1)
+ 32 ppm
+ 50 ppm
+ 20 ppm
+ 20 ppm
−32 ppm
−50 ppm
−20 ppm
−20 ppm
34 Mb/s (E3)
DS-3 (44.736 Mb/s)
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET required.
If you choose USER OFFSET, you can set the frequency offset to be
between -100 ppm and +100 ppm in 1 ppm steps.
Select the field immediately below USER OFFSET and use
,
,
and
to set the
DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT
frequency offset. (The amount of frequency offset can be varied while
measurements are taking place.)
33
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Selecting Test Features
Setting up Signaling Bits
Settin g u p Sign a lin g Bits
Descr iption
When transmitting 2.048 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS (PCM30 or
PCM30CRC) multiframing the state of A,B,C,D signaling bits can be set.
The signaling bits of all timeslots are set to the user-defined 4 bit value.
When transmitting a DS1 framed, structured signal the values of the
A,B signaling bits for D4 and SLC-96 payloads, and A,B,C,D signaling
bits for ESF payloads can be defined.
HOW TO
Tr a n sm it a 2 Mb/s sign a l w ith u ser -d efin ed sign a lin g bits
DSn Op er a tion
1
2
Choose
on the TRANSMIT display.
PDH/DSn
Choose SIGNAL
and PAYLOAD TYPE
or
PCM30
2 Mb/s
on the
display.
MAIN SETTINGS
PCM30CRC
3
If UNSTRUCTURED is chosen set the 2M CAS ABCD bits value on
the display.
MAIN SETTINGS
If STRUCTURED is chosen set the 2M CAS ABCD bits value on the
display.
STRUCTURED SETTINGS
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Selecting Test Features
Setting up Signaling Bits
SONET Op er a tion
1
2
Choose
on the TRANSMIT display
SONET
Choose MAPPING
or
and VT
FL BYTE 2Mb/s
ASYNC 2Mb/s
PAYLOAD
or
on the
display.
MAIN SETTINGS
PCM30
PCM30CRC
3
If UNSTRUCTURED is chosen set the 2M CAS ABCD bits value on
the display.
MAIN SETTINGS
If STRUCTURED is chosen set the 2M CAS ABCD bits value on the
display.
STRUCTURED SETTINGS
HOW TO
Tr a n sm it a DS1 p a yloa d sign a l w ith u ser -d efin ed sign a lin g bits
DSn Op er a tion
1
Choose
on the TRANSMIT display.
PDH/DSn
35
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Selecting Test Features
Setting up Signaling Bits
2
3
4
Choose SIGNAL
or
, and PAYLOAD TYPE
DS3
display
DS1
STRUCTURED
on the
Nx56 kb/s STRUCTURED
on the
MAIN SETTINGS
Choose TEST SIGNAL
or
56 kb/s
display.
SETTINGS
Set the A,B bits (for D4 and SLC-96) and A,B,C,D bits (for ESF) as
required.
SONET Op er a tion
1
2
Choose
on the TRANSMIT display.
SONET
Choose MAPPING
or
and VT PAYLOAD
DS3
ASYNC DS1
on the
display
MAIN SETTINGS
STRUCTURED
3
4
Choose TEST SIGNAL
or
on the
Nx56 kb/s STRUCTURED
56 kb/s
display .
SETTINGS
Set the A,B bits (for D4 and SLC-96) and A,B,C,D bits (for ESF) as
required.
36
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Selecting Test Features
Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal
Settin g Tr a n sm it Str u ctu r ed Pa yloa d /Test Sign a l
Descr iption
Structured DSn Payload/Test Signal settings determine the SONET
payload or the DSn test signal to be tested and set any background (non
test) conditions to prevent alarms while testing.
TIP :
If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same
OTHER
Payload settings, choose
.
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO:
1
2
is chosen, see "Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured
Payload/Test Signal " page 40.
Choose the PAYLOAD framing pattern.
If TEST SIGNAL 2Mb/s is chosen
is added to the
INSERT 2 Mb/s
PAYLOAD menu. See "Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal
" page 43.
If TEST SIGNAL DS1 is chosen
is added to the menu.
INSERT DS1
See "Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal " page 43.
3
4
Choose the test tributary in the structured payload, under 34Mb, 8Mb,
2Mb, 64 kb/s or DS2, DS1, 56 kb/s.
Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS POLARITY.
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Selecting Test Features
Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal
5
Choose the B/G PATTERN.
The B/G PATTERN in the non test 56/64 kb/s timeslots is fixed as
NUMBERED, that is, each timeslot contains a unique number to allow
identification in case of routing problems.
Sign a lin g
6
If a 2 Mb/s PAYLOAD with PCM30 or PCM30CRC framing, or 56 kb/s
or Nx56kb/s Test Signal is chosen. See, "Setting up Signaling Bits "
page 34.
38
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Selecting Test Features
Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal
Settin g Receive Str u ctu r ed Pa yloa d /Test Sign a l
Descr iption
TIP :
Structured DSn Payload/Test Signal settings determine the SONET
payload or the DSn test signal to be tested.
If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same
OTHER
Payload settings, choose
.
STORED SETTINGS COUPLED
HOW TO:
1
2
chosen, see "Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured
Choose the Framing pattern of the PAYLOAD.
If TEST SIGNAL 2 Mb/s is chosen,
is added to the
DROP 2 Mb/s
menu. See "Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal " page 46.
If TEST SIGNAL DS1 is chosen, is added to the menu.
DROP DS1
See "Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal " page 46.
3
4
Choose the test tributary within the structured payload, under 34Mb,
8Mb, 2Mb, 64 kb or DS2, DS1, 56 kb/s.
Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
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Selecting Test Features
Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured Payload/Test Signal
Settin g Tr a n sm it N x 64 k b/s/N x 56 k b/s
Str u ctu r ed Pa yloa d /Test Sign a l
Descr iption
Wideband services such as high speed data links and LAN
interconnection require a bandwidth greater than 56/64 kb/s but less
than DS1/2 Mb/s for example 112 kb/s or 336 kb/s. These wideband
signals are sent in a DS1/2 Mb/s frame by sharing the signal between
multiple timeslots.
N x 64kb/s/N x 56 kb/s structured payload allows a test pattern to be
inserted across a number of timeslots even if the chosen timeslots are
non-contiguous.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
Choose the required Test Signal rate.
Choose the Framing pattern of the 2M or DS1 PAYLOAD.
Choose the test timeslots within the structured payload using
and
softkeys. As each
DESELECT ALL DESELECT SELECT
timeslot is selected, an * marks the chosen timeslot. In the example
above Timeslots 3, 5, 9, 21, 22, 23 are selected for test.
4
5
Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
Choose the B/G PATTERN.
40
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Selecting Test Features
Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured Payload/Test Signal
6
number.
Sign a lin g
If a 2 Mb/s PAYLOAD with PCM30 or PCM30CRC framing, or 56 kb/s
7
or Nx56kb/s Test Signal is chosen. See, "Setting up Signaling Bits "
page 34.
41
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Selecting Test Features
Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s Structured Payload/Test Signal
Settin g Receive N x 64 k b/s/N x 56 k b/s
Str u ctu r ed Pa yloa d /Test Sign a l
Descr iption
Wideband services such as high speed data links and LAN
interconnection require a bandwidth greater than 56/64 kb/s but less
than DS1/2 Mb/s e.g. 112 kb/s or 336 kb/s. These wideband signals are
sent in a DS1/2 Mb/s frame by sharing the signal between multiple
timeslots.
N x 64kb/s and N x 56 kb/s structured payload/test signal allows the test
Timeslots to be chosen for error measurement even when the Timeslots
are non contiguous.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
Choose the required Test Signal rate.
Choose the Framing pattern of the 2M or DS1 PAYLOAD.
Choose the test timeslots within the structured payload using
and
softkeys. As each
DESELECT ALL DESELECT SELECT
timeslot is chosen an * marks the chosen timeslot. In the example
above Timeslots 3, 5, 9, 21, 22, 23 are chosen for test.
4
Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
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Selecting Test Features
Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal
In ser tin g a n Exter n a l DSn Pa yloa d /Test Sign a l
Descr iption
You can insert a DSn signal from external equipment into the SONET
signal, or you can insert 2 Mb/s or DS1 into the structured DSn signal, as
shown in the table below. DS3 and 34 Mb/s can only be inserted if
SONET is chosen as the receive interface. 2 Mb/s or DS1 can be inserted
from a structured or non-structured SONET payload and from a
structured DSn signal.
RATE
Availability
Option
011 Only
DS3
SONET
SONET
34Mb/s
2Mb/s
DS1
010 and 011
010 and 011
011 Only
DSn & SONET
DSn & SONET
HOW TO:
In ser t 34 Mb/s & DS3
1
2
Connect the external payload to the 75Ω IN port of the PDH/DSn
receive module.
Set up the required transmit SONET interface, and choose VT
PAYLOAD
or
as required.
INSERT DS3
INSERT 34 Mb/s
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Selecting Test Features
Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal
In ser t 2 Mb/s or DS1 (Un str u ctu r ed SONET Pa yloa d )
1
2
Connect the external payload to the MUX port of the PDH/DSn
Transmit module.
If 2 Mb/s connect to 75Ω MUX port. If DS1 connect to 100Ω MUX port.
Set up the required transmit SONET interface, and choose VT-2 or
VT-1.5 MAPPING and VT PAYLOAD
or
.
INSERT DS1
INSERT 2 Mb/s
In ser t 2 Mb/s or DS1 (Str u ctu r ed SONET Pa yloa d or Str u ctu r ed
DSn )
1
Connect the external payload to the MUX port of the DSn Transmit
module.
If 2 Mb/s connect to 75Ω MUX port. If DS1 connect to 100Ω MUX port.
44
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Selecting Test Features
Inserting an External DSn Payload/Test Signal
Str u ctu r ed SONET Pa yloa d
2
3
4
5
Set up the required transmit SONET interface. See "Setting SONET
Transmit Interface " page 4.
Set up the SONET structured payload. See "Setting Transmit
Structured Payload/Test Signal " page 37.
Choose 2M PAYLOAD/DS1 PAYLOAD
or
INSERT 2 Mb/s
.
INSERT DS1
Choose the LINE CODE.
Str u ctu r ed DSn
6
7
8
9
Set up, the required transmit DSn interface, See "Setting DSn
Transmit Interface " page 2.
Set up the DSn Test Signal interface. See "Setting Transmit
Structured Payload/Test Signal " page 37
Choose 2M PAYLOAD/DS1 PAYLOAD
or
INSERT 2 Mb/s
.
INSERT DS1
Choose the LINE CODE.
45
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Selecting Test Features
Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal
Dr op p in g a n Exter n a l Pa yloa d /Test Sign a l
Descr iption
You can drop a DSn signal from the received payload or drop 2 Mb/s or
DS1 from the structured DSn signal to external equipment as shown in
the table below. DS3 and 34 Mb/s can only be dropped if SONET is
chosen as the receive interface. 2 Mb/s or DS1 can be dropped from a
structured or non-structured SONET payload and from a structured DSn
signal.
RATE
Availability
Option
011 Only
DS3
SONET
SONET
34Mb/s
2Mb/s
DS1
010 and 011
010 and 011
011 Only
DSn & SONET
DSn & SONET
HOW TO:
Dr op 34 Mb/s & DS3
1
2
Connect the 75Ω OUT port of the DSn Transmit module to the
external equipment.
Set up the receive SONET interface, and choose VT PAYLOAD ,
or
.
DROP 34 Mb/s
DROP DS3
If
is chosen, choose the DS3 output level.
DROP DS3
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Selecting Test Features
Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal
Dr op 2 Mb/s /DS1 (Un str u ctu r ed SONET Pa yloa d )
1
2
3
Connect the DEMUX port of the DSn module to the external
equipment.
Set up the required receive SONET interface, and choose VT-2 or
VT-1.5 MAPPING and VT PAYLOAD
or
.
DROP 2 Mb/s
DROP DS1
Choose the required LINE CODE.
Dr op 2 Mb/s/DS1 (Str u ctu r ed SONET Pa yloa d or Str u ctu r ed DSn
1
Connect the DEMUX port of the Receive DSn module to the external
equipment.
If 2 Mb/s connect to 75Ω DEMUX port. If DS1 connect to 100Ω
DEMUX port.
47
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Selecting Test Features
Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal
Str u ctu r ed SONET Pa yloa d
2
Set up the required receive SONET interface. See "Setting SONET
Receive Interface " page 17.
3
Set up the SONET structured payload. See "Setting Receive
Structured Payload/Test Signal " page 39.
4
5
Choose 2M PAYLOAD
or DS1 PAYLOAD
.
DROP 2 Mb/s
DROP DS1
Choose the LINE CODE.
Str u ctu r ed DSn
6
Set up, the required receive DSn interface, See "Setting DSn Receive
Interface " page 15.
7
Set up the DSn Test Signal interface. See "Setting Receive Structured
Payload/Test Signal " page 39
8
9
Choose 2M PAYLOAD
or DS1 PAYLOAD
.
DROP 2 Mb/s
DROP DS1
Choose the LINE CODE.
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface
Ad d in g Er r or s & Ala r m s a t th e SONET
In ter fa ce
Descr iption
Errors and alarms can be added to the SONET interface signal during
testing.
HOW TO:
1
2
Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See
"Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
Choose the ERROR ADD TYPE and RATE required.
Errors can be added at preset rates and at USER programmable rate.
With the exception of ENTIRE FRAME and A1A2 FRAME, errors can
be added at ERROR ALL rate.
If CV-L errors are chosen errors can be added to trigger an APS
THRESHOLD. This takes the form of N errors in T time period. N and
T are both selectable.
3
Choose the ALARM TYPE
Errors and Alarms can be added at the same time.
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Errors & Alarms to the DSn Interface/DSn Payload
Ad d in g Er r or s & Ala r m s to th e DSn In ter fa ce/
DSn Pa yloa d
Descr iption
Errors and alarms can be added to the DSn interface/payload signal
during testing.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
If SONET interface is chosen, set up the SONET transmit interface
and payload required. See “Setting SONET Transmit Interface”
page 4.
If DSn interface is chosen, set up the DSn interface and payload
required. See “Setting DSn Transmit Interface” page 2.
Choose the ERROR ADD TYPE and RATE on the Transmitter
display.
TEST FUNCTION
The RATE can be selected from a fixed value or is user programmable.
If you select USER PROGRAM you can select the error rate before
enabling the errors. This feature is useful for error threshold testing.
Choose the ALARM TYPE.
Errors and Alarms can be added at the same time.
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Selecting Test Features
Using FEAC Codes
Usin g F EAC Cod es
Descr iption
The third C-Bit in subframe 1 is used as a FEAC channel, where alarm
or status information from the far-end terminal can be sent back to the
near-end terminal. The channel is also used to initiate DS3 and DS1 line
loopbacks at the far-end terminal from the near-end terminal.
The codes are six digits long and are embedded in a 16 bit code word; the
format is 0XXXXXX011111111.
There are two types of code, Loopback and Alarm Status.
Loopback provides a choice of two DS1 messages and two DS3 Messages.
The DS1 Messages can be sent in ALL DS1 channels or in a SINGLE
channel. The message can be repeated up to 15 times.
Alarm Status provides 13 preset codes and a USER programmable code
function. These codes can be transmitted continuously or in bursts.
The new code is transmitted by choosing
or
.
BURST
ON
HOW TO:
Tr a n sm it a n F EAC cod e
1
Choose SIGNAL
and PAYLOAD TYPE
on the
CBIT
TRANSMIT
DS3
display.
MAIN SETTINGS
2
Choose
and ALARM TYPE
.
TEST FUNCTION
DS3 FEAC
TRANSMIT
When a FEAC code is not being transmitted, an all ones pattern is
transmitted.
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Selecting Test Features
Using FEAC Codes
3
4
Choose the FEAC CODE TYPE.
Choose the MESSAGE from the choices displayed.
If you chose a DS1 message an additional field to the right of the DS1
MESSAGE is displayed. Position the cursor on this field and choose
or
.
ALL
SINGLE CHANNEL
If you choose
from 1 to 28. Press
use the EDIT keys to select a channel
when finished.
SINGLE CHANNEL
END EDIT
5
If
is chosen, choose the REPEAT (TIMES) LOOP and
LOOPBACK
MESS, in the range 1 to 15.
6
7
If is chosen, choose the BURST LENGTH (TIMES).
ALARM/ STATUS
Choose TRANSMIT NEW CODE
selected FEAC message.
or
to transmit the
ON
BURST
TIP :
To View F EAC Messa ges
RESULTS
The received FEAC message can be viewed on the
display.
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Selecting Test Features
Setting DSn Spare Bits
Settin g DSn Sp a r e Bits
Descr iption
Certain Spare Bits will cause the occurrence of a minor alarm when
received as a logical "0".:
8 Mb/s & 34 Mb/s - FAS Bit 12
2 Mb/s - NFAS Timeslot (timeslot 0 of NFAS frame) Bit 0
HOW TO:
1
2
If SONET interface is chosen, set up the SONET transmit interface
and payload required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface "
page 4.
If DSn interface is chosen, set up the DSn transmit interface and
payload required. See "Setting DSn Transmit Interface " page 2.
Set the value of the spare bits required for testing.
If a BIT SEQUENCE is required, choose SEND SEQUENCE
transmit the sequence.
to
ON
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Pointer Adjustments
Ad d in g Poin ter Ad ju stm en ts
Descr iption
The transmitted SPE or VT pointer value can be adjusted for testing
purposes.
HOW TO:
1
Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See
"Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
2
3
Choose the POINTER TYPE.
Choose the ADJ USTMENT TYPE required.
BURST - You determine the size of the burst by the number of
PLACES chosen. If, for example, you choose 5 PLACES the pointer
value will be stepped 5 times in unit steps e.g. 0 (start value), 1, 2, 3,
4, 5 (final value). The interval between steps is as follows:
For AU and TU-3, the minimum spacing between adjustments is
500 us. For VT the minimum spacing between adjustments is 2 ms.
Choose ADJ UST POINTER [ON] to add the chosen burst.
NEW P OINTER - You can choose a pointer value in the range 0 to 782
with or without a New Data Flag.
The current pointer value is displayed for information purposes.
Choose ADJ UST POINTER [ON] to transmit the new pointer value.
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Pointer Adjustments
OF F SET - You can frequency offset the line rate or the SPE/VT rate,
relative to each other, thus producing pointer movements. If you offset
the SPE pointer, an 87:3 sequence of pointer movements is generated.
The available configurations are listed in the following table.
If you are currently adding Frequency Offset to the SONET interface
or payload, pointer OFFSET is not available.
Pointer Type
SPE
Line Rate
Constant
SPE Rate
Offset
VT Rate
Tracks AU Payload
Constant
SPE
VT
Offset
Constant
Constant
Offset
Constant
Offset
VT
Tracks Line Rate
Constant
T1.105/GR-253 - Provides pointer movements according to T1.105 and
GR-253:
4
5
Choose the T1.105/GR-253 ADJ USTMENT TYPE.
Choose the POLARITY, INTERVAL and PATTERN (where applicable)
for the selected sequence.
6
Choose POINTER SEQUENCES
to generate the selected
START INIT
G.783 sequence and
to stop the pointer sequences.
STOP INIT
T1.105/GR-253 Poin ter Sequ en ces Exp la in ed
In addition to the BURST, NEW POINTER and OFFSET pointer
movements described, the HP 37718A can also generate pointer
sequences (pointer movements) according to T1.105.03 and GR-253.
Before running a pointer sequence you can elect to run an initialization
sequence, followed by a cool down period, and then run the chosen
sequence. This is selected using the START INIT softkey shown in the
display on the previous page. Initialized pointer sequences are made up
of three periods: the Initialization Period, the Cool Down Period, and the
Sequence (Measurement) Period, an example is given in the following
figure:
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Pointer Adjustments
Sequence
Non Periodic Sequence
Periodic Sequence
Initialization Sequence
No Pointer Activity
Continuous Sequence
Time
Initialization
Cool Down
Measurement
Period
Note: SINGLE (A1), BURST (A2) and PHASE TRANSIENT(A3) are Non
Periodic Sequences.
In itia liza tion Per iod
For SINGLE A1, BURST A2 and PHASE TRANSIENT A3 sequences the
initialization sequence consists of 60 seconds of pointer adjustments
applied at a rate of 2 adjustments per second and in the same direction
as the specified pointer sequence.
Cool Dow n Per iod
A period following the initialization period which for SINGLE e), BURST
f) and PHASE TRANSIENT sequences is 30 seconds long when no
pointer activity is present.
Sequ en ce (Mea su r em en t) Per iod
The period following the Cool Down period where the specified pointer
sequence runs continuously.
Per iod ic Test Sequ en ces
For periodic test sequences (for example PERIODIC ADD) both the 60
second initialization and 30 second cool down periods consist of the same
sequence as used for the subsequent measurement sequence. If the
product of the period T and the selected Optional background pattern
(87+3 or 26+1) exceeds 60 seconds then the longer period is used for the
initialization. For example, if T is set for 10 seconds then the
initialization period may be extended to 900 seconds.
The HP 37718A displays a message indicating which phase
(initialization, cool down or measurement) the transmitter is currently
generating.
56
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Pointer Adjustments
NOTE
The following conditions apply for pointer sequence generation:
The sequences can only be applied to the SPE pointer when the SPE does
not contain a VT structure, otherwise it is applied to the VT pointer.
Pointer sequence generation is not available when a frequency offset is
being applied to the Line Rate.
The following figure gives an example of a T1.105/GR-253, 87-3 Pointer
Sequence.
T1.105 A4 and A5, 87-3 Pattern
No Pointer
Adjustment
Start of Next
87-3 Pattern
Pointer Adjustment
87
3
An Example of a Pointer Sequence
Description
Pointer Sequence
T1.105 A1 SINGLE
GR-253 5-29
Periodic Single adjustments, all of the same polarity which is
selectable. Separation between pointer adjustments is fixed at
approximately 30 seconds.
T1.105 A2 BURST OF 3
GR-253 5-30
Periodic bursts of 3 adjustments, all of the same polarity which is
selectable. The interval between bursts is fixed at approximately 30
seconds. The interval between adjustments within a burst is set to
the minimum.
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Pointer Adjustments
Pointer Sequence
T1.105 A3 PHASE
TRANSIENT
GR-253 5031
Description
Phase transient pointer adjustment burst test sequence. All
adjustments are of the same polarity, which is selectable. The
interval between bursts is fixed at 30 seconds. Each burst consists
of 7 pointer movement. The first 3 in each burst are 0.25 s apart,
and the interval between the 3 and 4 movement, and each
remaining movement 0.5 seconds.
T1.105 A4 PERIODIC
NORMAL (87-3 Pattern)
GR-253 5-33(b)
An 87-3 pattern is selected. The sequence pattern is 87 pointer
movements followed by 3 missing pointer movements. Pointer
polarity is selectable and the time interval between pointer
adjustments settable.
T1.105 A4 PERIODIC
NORMAL (Continuous
Pattern) GR-253 5-34(b)
Provides a continuous sequence of pointer adjustments. The
polarity of the adjustments is selectable, and the time interval
between adjustments can be set (see Note 1).
GR-253 5-32(b)
This selection is only available if you have selected VT1.5 mapping.
PERIODIC NORMAL (26-1 The sequence pattern is 26 pointer movements followed by 1
Pattern)
missing pointer movement. Pointer polarity is selectable and the
time interval between pointer adjustments programmable to 200
ms, 500 ms, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s or 10 seconds.
T1.105 A5 PERIODIC ADD An 87-3 pattern is selected. The sequence pattern is 87 pointer
(87-3 Pattern)
GR-253 5-33(c)
movements followed by 3 missing pointer movements with an added
pointer movement after the 43rd pointer. The spacing between the
added adjustment and the previous adjustment is set to the
minimum. Pointer polarity is selectable. The time interval between
pointer adjustments can be set (see Note 1). Added adjustments
occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the 87-3 pattern,
whichever is longer.
T1.105 A5 PERIODIC ADD Periodic Single adjustments, with selectable polarity and added
(Continuous Pattern)
GR-253 5-34(c)
adjustment (1 extra). The spacing between the added adjustment
and the previous adjustment is set to the minimum, (see Note 2).
The time interval between pointer adjustments can be set (see Note
1). Added adjustments occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the
87-3 pattern, whichever is longer.
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Pointer Adjustments
Pointer Sequence
GR-253 5-32(c)
PERIODIC ADD (26-1
Pattern)
Description
This selection is only available if you have selected VT1.5 mapping.
The sequence pattern is 26 pointer movements followed by 1
missing pointer movement. The added adjustment occurs 2 ms after
the 13th pointer adjustment. Pointer polarity is selectable and the
time interval between pointer adjustments programmable to 200
ms, 500 ms, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s or 10 s. Added adjustments occur every 30
seconds or every repeat of the 26-1 pattern, whichever is longer.
T1.105 A5 PERIODIC
CANCEL (87-3 pattern)
GR-253 5-33(d)
An 87-3 pattern is selected. The sequence pattern is 87 pointer
movements followed by 3 missing pointer movements with a
cancelled pointer movement at the 87th pointer. Pointer polarity is
selectable, and the time interval between pointer adjustments can
be set (see Note 1). Cancelled adjustments occur every 30 seconds or
every repeat of the 87-3 pattern, whichever is longer.
T1.105 A5 PERIODIC
CANCEL (Continuous
Pattern)
Periodic Single adjustments, with selectable polarity and cancelled
adjustment (1 less). The time interval between pointer adjustments
can be set (see Note 1). Cancelled adjustments occur every 30
seconds or every repeat of the 87-3 pattern, whichever is longer.
GR-253 5-34(d)
GR-253 5-32(d)
This selection is only available if you have selected VT1.5 mapping.
PERIODIC CANCEL (26-1 The sequence pattern is 26 pointer movements followed by 1
pattern)
missing pointer movement. The cancelled adjustment is the 26th
pointer adjustment, that is the one before the regular gap of 1.
Pointer polarity is selectable and the time interval between pointer
adjustments programmable to 200 ms, 500 ms, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s or 10s.
Cancelled adjustments occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the
26-1 pattern, whichever is longer.
NOTE
For SPE pointers the sequence interval is selectable from 7.5 ms, 10, 20,
30, 34 ms; 40 to 100 ms in 10 ms steps, 100 to 1000 ms in 100 ms steps
1, 2, 5, 10 seconds.
For VT pointers the sequence interval is selectable from: 200 ms, 500 ms,
1, 2, 5 and 10 seconds.
For SPE pointers the minimum spacing between adjustments is 500 us.
For VT pointers the minimum spacing between adjustments is 2 ms.
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Selecting Test Features
Adding Pointer Adjustments
Table 1
Pointer Sequences Available with Selected Mapping
MAPPING
POINTER SEQUENCE
SPE
✓
VT6, VT2
VT1.5
✓
A1 SINGLE
✓
✓
✓
A2 BURST OF 3
✓
✓
A3 PHASE TRANSIENT
✓
✓
A4 PERIODIC NORMAL(87-3)
A4 PERIODIC NORMAL (Continuous)
PERIODIC NORMAL (26-1)
A5 PERIODIC ADD (87-3)
A5 PERIODIC ADD (Continuous)
PERIODIC ADD (26-1)
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
A5 PERIODIC CANCEL (g) 87-3
A5 PERIODIC CANCEL (Continuous)
PERIODIC CANCEL 26-1
✓
✓
✓
✓
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Selecting Test Features
Using Pointer Graph Test Function
Usin g Poin ter Gr a p h Test F u n ction
Pointer Graph shows the relative offset during the measurement period.
This allows the time relationship of SPE or VT pointer movements to be
observed. Up to 4 days of storage allows long term effects such as Wander
to be observed. If an alarm occurs during the measurement period, a new
graph starts at the centre of the display (offset zero) after recovery from
the alarm.
TIP :
The Pointer Graph display can be logged to the chosen logging device.
See "Logging on Demand " page 110.
TIP :
The graph can also be viewed on the
at the end of the measurement.
display
SONET RESULTS
RESULTS
HOW TO:
1
Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required. See
“Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17.
2
Choose the CAPTURE INTERVAL required.
The capture interval determines the time between captures. Low
values of capture interval should be chosen when a high degree of
pointer movements is expected.
High values of capture interval should be chosen when a low degree of
pointer movements is expected, for example Wander over 1 day, use 5
MINS and Wander over 4 days, use 20 MINS.
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Selecting Test Features
Using Pointer Graph Test Function
If, during a long term measurement (4 days), an event occurs at a
particular time each day, a short term measurement can be made at
the identified time to gain more detail of the event.
3
4
Choose the POINTER UNDER TEST type.
Press to start the measurement.
RUN/STOP
TIP :
If the event occurs outside normal working hours, a Timed Start
measurement can be made.
1 SEC - display window of approximately 5 minutes.
5 SECS - display window of approximately 25 minutes.
20 SECS - display window of approximately 1 hour 40 minutes.
1 MIN - display window of approximately 5 hours.
5 MIN - display window of approximately 1 day.
20 MIN - display window of approximately 4 days.
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Selecting Test Features
Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits
Str essin g Op tica l Clock Recover y
Cir cu its
Descr iption
Ideally clock recovery circuits in the network equipment optical
interfaces should recover the clock even in the presence of long strings of
0’s. You can check the performance of your optical clock recovery circuits
using the STRESS TEST test function.
The stress test is available at all optical rates.
HOW TO:
1
Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See
"Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
Choose the required STRESSING PATTERN.
The G.958 test pattern consists of 7 consecutive blocks of data as
follows:
the first row of section overhead bytes, ALL ONES, a PRBS, the first
row of section overhead bytes, ALL ZEROS, a PRBS and the first row
of section overhead bytes.
2
If you choose ALL ONES or ALL ZEROS as the stressing pattern,
choose the number of bytes in the BLOCK LENGTH.
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Selecting Test Features
Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages
Gen er a tin g Au tom a tic P r otection
Sw itch Messa ges
Descr iption
You can program the K1 and K2 bytes to exercise the APS functions for
Both LINEAR (ITU-T G.783) and RING (ITU-T G.841) topologies.
HOW TO:
1
Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See
"Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
2
3
Choose the ITU-T TOPOLOGY required.
Choose the message to be transmitted.
If LINEAR topology is chosen, choose the CHANNEL, the BRIDGED
CHANNEL NO., the ARCHITECTURE and the RESERVED bits you
require.
If RING topology is chosen, choose the DESTINATION NODE ID, the
SOURCE NODE ID, the type of PATH and the status code (K2 Bits 6-
>8)
The current TX and RX, K1 and K2, values are displayed for reference
only.
4
Choose
to transmit the new K1/K2 values.
DOWNLOAD
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Selecting Test Features
Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel
In ser tin g & Dr op p in g Da ta
Com m u n ica tion s Ch a n n el
Descr iption
The Data Communications Channel (DCC) of the regenerator and
multiplexer section overhead can be verified by protocol testing. The
Insert and Drop capability provides access to the DCC via the RS-449
connector on the front panel of the Multirate Analyser module.
DCC INSERT is available on the TRANSMIT ,
,
SONET TEST FUNCTION
display.
DCC DROP is available on the
display.
SONET TEST FUNCTION
RECEIVE
HOW TO:
1
2
Connect the Protocol Analyzer to the DCC port on the Multirate
Analyzer module.
Choose the required DCC.
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Selecting Test Features
Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel
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3
3
Making Measurements
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Making Measurements
Using Overhead BER Test Function
Usin g Over h ea d BER Test F u n ction
Descr iption
You can perform a Bit Error Rate test on chosen bytes of the section, line
and path overhead bytes.
You can access the transmit Overhead BER on the
SONET
TRANSMIT
display.
TEST FUNCTION
HOW TO:
1
2
3
4
Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See
"Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required. See
"Setting SONET Receive Interface " page 17.
Choose the overhead byte to be tested on the
SONET
RECEIVE
display.
TEST FUNCTION
Choose the overhead byte to be tested on the
SONET
TRANSMIT
display.
TEST FUNCTION
5
6
Press
to start the test.
RUN/STOP
SINGLE
The PRBS pattern can be errored by pressing
.
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Making Measurements
Test Timing
Test Tim in g
Descr iption
There are two aspects to test timing:
• Error results may be displayed as short term or cumulative over the
measurement period.If short term error measurements are required,
the short term period may be selected.
• The period of the test may be defined or controlled manually.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose
on the
display.
RESULTS
TIMING CONTROL
Choose the SHORT TERM PERIOD to the timing required for short
term results.
3
Choose the type of TEST TIMING required:
For manual control with
choose
.
MANUAL
RUN/STOP
For a single timed measurement period started with
,
RUN/STOP
choose
and choose the Test duration.
SINGLE
For a timed period starting at a specified time, choose
the Test duration and the test START date and time.
, choose
TIMED
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Making Measurements
Making SONET Analysis Measurements
Ma k in g SONET An a lysis Mea su r em en ts
Descr iption
G.826, M.2101, M.2110 and M.2120 analysis results are provided for all
relevant SONET error sources.
In addition the following results are provided:
Cumulative error count and error ratio
Short Term error count and error ratio
Alarm Seconds
Frequency
Pointer Values
Pointer Graph
HOW TO:
1
2
Set up the receive SONET interface and payload required. See
"Setting SONET Receive Interface " page 17.
If required set up the SONET transmit interface and payload. See
"Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
3
4
Press
to start the measurement.
RUN/STOP
You can view the analysis results on the
SONET
RESULTS
display.
ANALYSIS
TIP :
The measurement will not be affected if you switch between the different
results provided.
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Making Measurements
Making DSn Analysis Measurements
Ma k in g DSn An a lysis Mea su r em en ts
Descr iption
G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110 and M.2120 analysis results are provided
In addition the following results are provided:
Cumulative error count and error ratio
Short Term error count and error ratio
Alarm Seconds
SIG/BIT Monitor. See "Monitoring Signaling Bits " page 76.
HOW TO:
1
2
If SONET is chosen as the interface, set up the Receive Interface and
Payload required. See "Setting SONET Receive Interface " page 17. If
required set up the Transmit Interface and Payload. See "Setting
SONET Transmit Interface " page 4.
If DSn is chosen as the interface, set up the DSn receive interface. See
"Setting DSn Receive Interface " page 15. If required set up the DSn
transmit interface. See "Setting DSn Transmit Interface " page 2.
3
4
Press
to start the measurement.
RUN/STOP
If SONET is chosen as the interface, you can view the analysis results
on the display
DSn PAYLOAD
ERROR ANALYSIS
RESULTS
If DSn is chosen as the interface, you can view the analysis results on
the display.
DSn ERROR ANALYSIS
RESULTS
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Making Measurements
Measuring Frequency
Mea su r in g Fr equ en cy
Descr iption
The signal frequency and the amount of offset from the standard rate can
be measured to give an indication of probability of errors.
HOW TO:
1
Connect the signal to be measured to the IN port of the DSN Receive
module or the IN port of the Multirate Analyzer module (SONET
electrical) or the IN port of the Optical Interface module (SONET
optical).
NOTE
Frequency measurement is always available even if test timing is off.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Optical Power
Mea su r in g Op tica l Pow er
Descr iption
Optical power measurement can be performed on the SONET signal
connected to the Optical module IN port.
HOW TO:
1
2
Connect the SONET optical signal to the IN port of the Optical
Interface module.
Choose the received input signal rate on the
display.
SONET
RECEIVE
NOTE
Optical power measurement is always available even if test timing is off.
73
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Making Measurements
Measuring Round Trip Delay
Mea su r in g Rou n d Tr ip Dela y
Descr iption :
The time taken for voice traffic to pass through the network is very
important. Excessive delay can make speech difficult to understand.
The Round Trip Delay feature of the HP 37718A measures the delay in a
64 kb/s timeslot.
A test pattern is transmitted in the 64 kb/s timeslot and a timer is set
running. A loopback is applied to the network equipment to return the
test signal. The received pattern stops the timer and the Round Trip
Delay is calculated.
NOTE
You can only measure Round Trip Delay on a 64 kb/s test signal obtained
from a 34 Mb/s or 2 Mb/s DSn interface or DSn payload signal.
HOW TO:
1
If measuring on an SONET interface, set up the SONET transmit and
receive interfaces and payloads required. See "Setting SONET
Transmit Interface " page 4 and “Setting SONET Receive Interface”
page 17.
2
If measuring on a DSn interface, set up the DSn transmit and receive
interfaces and payloads required. See “Setting DSn Transmit
Interface” page 2 and “Setting DSn Receive Interface” page 15.
3
Connect a loopback to the network equipment.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Round Trip Delay
4
Choose ACTION
to start the measurement.
ON
If measuring on an SONET interface, the results are available on the
display.
DSn PAYLOAD
RESULTS
If measuring on a DSn interface, the results are available on the
display.
DSn
RESULTS
The Round Trip delay measurement range is up to 2 seconds. The
resolution varies with the received interface signal rate:
2 Mb/s
1 microsecond
110 microseconds
0.5 milliseconds
0.5 milliseconds
34 Mb/s
STS-1,STS-3
OC-12, OC-48
75
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Making Measurements
Monitoring Signaling Bits
Mon itor in g Sign a lin g Bits
Descr iption
The HP 37718A receiver can be used to monitor the state of signaling
bits in received 2 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS multiframing
(PCM30 or PCM30CRC) and DS1 structured signals.
2.048 Mb/s
Resu lts
For 2 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS multiframing a table showing
the values of A,B,C,D signaling bits in all 30 channels is given.
DS1 Resu lts
D4 a n d SLC-96 p a yloa d s
A table simultaneously showing the state of the A and B signaling bits in
the 6th and 12th frames of a superframe is given. Each frame contains
24 timeslots. In SLC-96 mode A and B choices are 0, 1 or alternating. If
you set bit A or B to alternate, the displayed bit changes to an A, to
indicate that the bit is alternating from 1 to 0. The same signaling is
transmitted in all channels.
ESF Pa yloa d s
A table simultaneously showing the state of the A, B, C and D signaling
bits in the 6th, 12th, 18th and 24th frames of a superframe is given.
Each frame contains 24 timeslots.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Service Disruption Time
Mea su r in g Ser vice Disr u p tion Tim e
Descr iption :
Protection switching ensures that data integrity is maintained and
revenue protected when equipment failure occurs. The speed of operation
of the protection switch can be measured.
The sequence of events involved in measuring the switching time is:
• Pattern Synchronization (no errors) is achieved.
• The protection switch is invoked - Pattern Synchronization is lost.
• The standby line is in place - Pattern Synchronization is regained.
The time interval between pattern sync loss and pattern sync gain is a
measure of the disruption of service due to protection switching.
Service Disruption is chosen on the
following configuration:
page except for the
RESULTS
•
If you choose a DSn or SONET interface and an ANSI (DS1, DS3)
framed, unstructured payload you must select Service Disruption on
the Transmitter and Receiver display.
TEST FUNCTION
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Making Measurements
Measuring Service Disruption Time
NOTE
At DS1 and DS3 Service Disruption results are only available for
Unstructured payloads.
Er r or Bu r st Defin ition
Error bursts start and finish with an error. Bursts of less than 10 us are
ignored.
Bursts are assumed to have completed when >2000ms elapses without
any errors being received.
The longest burst detected is 2 seconds.
Accu r a cy
300 us for DS1, 2Mb/s and 34Mb/s signals.
60 us for DS3 signals.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
If interfacing at SONET set up the SONET transmit and receive
interfaces and payloads required. See "Setting SONET Transmit
Interface " page 4 and "Setting SONET Receive Interface " page 17.
If interfacing at DSn set up the DSn transmit and receive interfaces
and payloads as required. See "Setting DSn Transmit Interface "
page 2 and "Setting DSn Receive Interface " page 15.
If you choose a DS1 or DS3 framed unstructured payload, choose
on the
and
SERVICE DISRUPT
TEST FUNCTION
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
displays.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Service Disruption Time
4
5
6
Press
to start the measurement.
RUN/STOP
Invoke the protection switch.
View the results on the
display.
SRVC DISRUPT
RESULTS
Resu lts Disp la yed
LONGEST - Longest burst of errors during measurement.
SHORTEST - Shortest burst of errors during measurement.
LAST - Length of last burst of errors detected during measurement.
79
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Making Measurements
Performing a SONET Tributary Scan
Per for m in g a SONET Tr ibu ta r y Sca n
Descr iption
Tributary Scan tests each tributary for error free operation and no
occurrence of Pattern Loss. A failure is indicated by highlighting the
tributary in which the failure occurred. The
MAIN SETTINGS
SONET
TRANSMIT
, mapping setup determines the tributary structure.
The HP 37718A will configure the Transmitter to the Receiver and the
PATTERN is forced to the payload it will fill.
TIP :
The SONET Tributary Scan display can be logged to the chosen logging
device. See "Logging on Demand " page 110.
HOW TO:
1
Set up the transmit and receive SONET interfaces and payload as
required. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 4 and
"Setting SONET Receive Interface " page 17.
2
3
Choose the required BIT ERROR THRESHOLD.
This determines the error rate above which a failure is declared.
Choose the required TEST TIMING.
The value you choose is the test time for each individual tributary and
not the total test time.
For example, 28 VT-1.5 tributaries in an STS-1 SPE - the time taken
to complete the Tributary Scan will be 28 X TEST TIMING choice.
80
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Making Measurements
Performing a SONET Tributary Scan
4
The Tributary Scan results can be viewed on the
RESULTS
display.
SONET TRIBSCAN
The Scan can be started on the
SONET TEST FUNCTION
TRANSMIT
display or the
display by choosing START.
RESULTS
If the Scan is started on the
SONET TEST FUNCTION
TRANSMIT
display, the HP 37718A changes to the
If a single path, for example, MAPPING
Tributary Scan is disabled.
display.
RESULTS
STS-3c SPE
is chosen, then
NOTE
The keyboard is locked during tributary scan.
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Making Measurements
Performing an SONET Alarm Scan
Per for m in g a n SONET Ala r m Sca n
Descr iption
SONET Alarm Scan tests each channel for alarm free operation and
identifies and indicates any Unequipped channels.
You can configure the Scan to check for the occurrence of any Path layer
CV errors above a chosen threshold.
The channel in which an alarm occurred is highlighted if any of the
following alarms occur:
STS SP E: LOP-P, RDI-P, AIS-P,
VT-1.5: LOP-P, AIS-P, RDI-P, H4 LOM, LOP-V, AIS-V, RDI-V
TIP :
The SONET Alarm Scan display can be logged to the chosen logging
device. See "Logging on Demand " page 110.
HOW TO:
1
Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required. See
“Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17.
2
3
Choose
on the
display.
RESULTS
SONET ALM SCAN
Choose AUTO or RX SETTINGS.
RX SETTINGS: The scan checks the structure set on the
RECEIVE
SONET
display.
AUTO: The scan checks the structure being received. This can be
particularly useful when receiving mixed payloads.
4
5
Choose the CV error threshold.
Choose
to start the Alarm Scan.
START
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Making Measurements
Performing a DSn Alarm Scan
Per for m in g a DSn Ala r m Sca n
Descr iption
DSn Alarm Scan tests each channel for the following alarms:
Frame Loss
RAI
AIS
The channel in which an alarm occurs is highlighted.
HOW TO:
1
2
Set up the receive DSn interface as required. See “Setting DSn Receive
Interface” page 15.
Choose
to start the Alarm Scan.
ON
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter
Mea su r in g J itter
Descr iption :
J itter and error measurements are made simultaneously when a jitter
option is fitted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the
DSn or SONET receiver and the interface selections are the normal DSn
or SONET Receiver selections.
Cumulative and Short Term results of J itter Amplitude and J itter Hits
are provided on the
display.
JITTER
RESULTS
Graph and Text results for J itter Transfer and J itter Tolerance are also
provided.
HOW TO:
1
2
If measuring J itter on a DSn signal, set up the receive DSn interface
and the receive J itter interface. See “Setting DSn Receive Interface”
page 15 and “Setting J itter Receive Interface” page 18.
If measuring J itter on an SONET signal, set up the receive SONET
interface and the receive J itter interface. See “Setting SONET Receive
Interface” page 17 and “Setting J itter Receive Interface” page 18.
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Making Measurements
3
If performing a J itter Tolerance measurement, See “Measuring J itter
Tolerance” page 89.
If performing a J itter Transfer measurement, See “Measuring J itter
Transfer” page 92.
4
5
Press
to start the measurement.
RUN/STOP
You can view the J itter hits and Amplitude results on the
RESULTS
display.
JITTER
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Making Measurements
Measuring Extended Jitter
Mea su r in g Exten d ed J itter
Descr iption :
Extended jitter measurements are made in a jitter bandwidth of 0.1 Hz
to 25 kHz. These measurements are made at the upper end of the
standard wander frequency range and the lower end of the standard
jitter frequency range.
When
is chosen J itter results are provided. Cumulative and
EXTENDED
Short Term results of J itter Amplitude and J itter Hits are provided on
the
display.
JITTER
RESULTS
HOW TO:
1
If measuring Extended J itter on a DSn signal, set up the receive DSn
interface and the receive J itter interface. See “Setting DSn Receive
Interface” page 15 and "Setting Extended J itter Receive Interface "
page 19.
2
If measuring Extended J itter on an SONET signal, set up the receive
SONET interface and the receive J itter interface. See “Setting SONET
Receive Interface” page 17 and "Setting Extended J itter Receive
Interface " page 19.
3
Press
to start the measurement.
RUN/STOP
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Making Measurements
Measuring Wander
Mea su r in g Wa n d er
Descr iption :
Accurate Wander measurements require a Wander reference derived
from the SONET Clock module. Wander results are displayed in UI and
nanoseconds and J itter Amplitude and J itter Hits results are available.
When wander is measured at 2 Mb/s, Estimated Bit and Frame slips are
calculated and a Bar Graph shows the cumulative Wander over the
measurement period.
HOW TO:
Ma k e th e Mea su r em en t
1
To obtain the Wander reference from the DSn transmitter connect
REF OUT on the SONET Clock module to REF IN on the DSn J itter
TX module. Choose SIGNAL
on the
2 Mb/s
PDH/DSn
TRANSMIT
display, choose CLOCK SYNC
and
MAIN SETTINGS
WANDER REF IN
choose the SOURCE required from the menu. See “Setting DSn
Transmit Interface” page 2.
2
3
To obtain the Wander reference from the SONET transmitter choose
the required reference from the CLOCK menu on the
SONET
TRANSMIT
display. See, “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4.
MAIN SETTINGS
If measuring wander at a DSn rate set up the DSn receive interface.
See, “Setting DSn Receive Interface” page 15.
87
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Making Measurements
Measuring Wander
4
If measuring wander at a SONET rate set up the SONET receive
interface. See, “Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17.
5
6
Choose MEASUREMENT TYPE
.
WANDER
Choose the WANDER HIT THRESHOLD level - if the received wander
exceeds the value chosen a wander hit is recorded.
7
Press
to start the measurement.
RUN/STOP
HOW TO:
View th e Resu lts
1
Choose
on the
display and choose the display units
RESULTS
WANDER
required:
TIME displays the wander results in nanoseconds.
UI displays the wander results in Unit Intervals
If you are measuring wander at 2 Mb/s Estimated Bit slips and
Estimated Frame slip results are provided and a
added to the menu.
choice is
GRAPH
If
is chosen the cumulative wander results are displayed in
GRAPH
graphical form. The Graphs are additive and in the example shown
above the Wander is -76.5 BITS.
NOTE
Estimated Bit Slips signify the slippage from the start of the
measurement.
One Estimated Frame Slip corresponds to 256 Bit Slips.
Implied Frequency Offset is calculated from the Wander results.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter Tolerance
Mea su r in g J itter Toler a n ce
Descr iption :
The jitter auto tolerance feature provides jitter tolerance measurements
within the relevant ITU-T mask, G.823 for DSn, G.958, G.825 and
Bellcore GR-253 for SONET.
J itter is generated at a range of frequencies within the mask and an
error measurement is made. If no errors occur (PASS), the jitter
amplitude at that frequency point is increased until errors occur (FAIL)
or the maximum jitter amplitude is reached. The highest jitter
amplitude at which PASS occurs is plotted on the graph as the J itter
Tolerance for that jitter frequency.
TIP :
The transmitter and receiver can be set to different rates to allow testing
across multiplexers, for example transmitter set to STS-3 with embedded
DS-3 and receiver set to DS-3.
HOW TO:
Ma k e th e Mea su r em en t
1
If you are performing jitter tolerance on the DSn signal, set up the DSn
transmit and receive interfaces. See “Setting DSn Transmit Interface”
page 2 and “Setting DSn Receive Interface” page 15.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter Tolerance
2
3
If you are performing jitter tolerance on the SONET signal, set up the
SONET transmit and receive interfaces. See “Setting SONET
Transmit Interface” page 4 and “Setting SONET Receive Interface”
page 17.
If SONET is chosen as the interface, choose the SONET MASK.
TYPE A masks as per ITU-T G.958 have good jitter tolerance and the
mask corner points are modified to compensate.
TYPE B masks as per ITU-T G.958 have poorer jitter tolerance but a
narrower jitter transfer function and the mask corner points are
modified to compensate.
4
5
Choose the required test PATTERN.
Choose the NUMBER OF POINTS at which jitter is transmitted (3 to
55)
6
7
Choose the DWELL TIME - the time jitter is generated at each jitter
frequency point (1 to 99.9 seconds).
Choose the DELAY TIME - the time delay between the jitter
frequency/amplitude being applied and the error measurement being
made. This allows the network equipment to settle as jitter frequency
is changed. (0 to 99.9 seconds).
8
9
Choose the ERROR THRESHOLD.
If ANY ERRORS is chosen, any BIP or BIT error will result in a FAIL.
If BIT ERRORS is chosen, choose a value between 1 and 1,000,000 to
determine the bit error threshold for the jitter tolerance PASS/FAIL
decision.
BER>= shows the bit error ratio calculated from the bit error
threshold choice and the dwell time choice.
Press
to start the jitter auto tolerance measurement.
RUN/STOP
The measurements progress can be monitored on the
TRANSMIT
display. At the end of the test the results can be viewed on the
or
displays. The
display is cleared
RESULTS
TRANSMIT
TRANSMIT
when
is pressed but the results remain on the
RESULTS
TRANSMIT
display until the next jitter tolerance measurement is made.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter Tolerance
HOW TO:
View th e Resu lts
1
Choose the results FORMAT.
If is chosen, a plot of the jitter tolerance results against the
GRAPH
ITU-T mask is displayed.
If is chosen, the results from which the graph is constructed are
TEXT
displayed, Point number, Frequency, Mask amplitude, Tolerance,
Result.
If applicable, results 13 through 55 can be viewed on pages 2 through
5.
If you wish to log the jitter tolerance results to a printer, See “Logging
J itter Tolerance Results” page 112.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter Transfer
Mea su r in g J itter Tr a n sfer
Descr iption :
You can perform J itter transfer measurements at each of the four DSn
rates, STS-3, OC-3, OC-12 and OC-48. The jitter generator provides the
stimulus for the jitter transfer measurement.
Narrow band filtering is used in the jitter receiver thus allowing
selection and measurement of the relevant jitter components to provide
accurate and repeatable results.
The jitter transfer results are presented in graphical and tabular form.
Graphical results are plotted as Gain V Frequency.
The relevant Pass Mask (ITU-T G.823 for DSn, ITU-T G.958 and Bellcore
GR-253 for SONET) is also displayed on the graph.
NOTE
1.The Transmitter and Receiver must be set to the same interface rate.
HOW TO:
Ach ieve th e r equ ir ed a ccu r a cy:
1
2
3
4
5
The HP 37718A must be connected back to back in order to perform a
calibration cycle before making a J itter Transfer measurement.
The HP 37718A must have been switched on for 1 hour before starting
a calibration cycle.
The climatic conditions must remain stable from switch-on to end of
measurement.
The J itter Transfer measurement must be started within 10 minutes
of completion of the Calibration.
If maximum Delay time, maximum Dwell time and maximum number
of Points is selected, the accuracy specification cannot be guaranteed
as the time from start of calibration to end of measurement (test
period) will be approximately two hours. It is recommended that the
maximum test period does not exceed 90 minutes.
Test Period = Delay Time + Dwell Time + 5 Seconds X Number of
Points X 2 (Calibration + Measurement).
NOTE
For best results, a Dwell Time of 20 seconds and a Delay Time of 10
seconds, are recommended.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter Transfer
HOW TO:
Per for m J itter Tr a n sfer Ca libr a tion
NOTE
The CALIBRATION should always be carried out with LEVEL
selected on the
display.
JITTER
TERMINATE
RECEIVE
1
2
If DSn J itter Transfer is required, set up the DSn transmit and receive
interfaces, the receive jitter interface and connect DSn IN to DSn OUT.
See “Setting DSn Transmit Interface” page 2, “Setting DSn Receive
Interface” page 15 and “Setting J itter Receive Interface” page 18.
If OC-3, OC-12 or OC-48 Optical J itter Transfer is required, set up the
SONET transmit and receive interfaces, the receive jitter interface
and connect the OUT port of the Optical module to the IN port of the
Optical module. See “Setting SONET Transmit Interface” page 4,
“Setting SONET Receive Interface” page 17 and “Setting J itter
Receive Interface” page 18.
CAUTION
If OC-3/12/48 SONET J itter Transfer is required, a 15 dB attenuator
must be connected between the IN and OUT ports of the Optical module.
3
If you wish to measure STS-3 electrical jitter transfer, connect IN port
to OUT port on the SONET module.
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter Transfer
4
5
6
7
Choose J ITTER
display.
on the
TRANSFER FUNCTION
TRANSMIT
JITTER
Choose the NUMBER OF POINTS at which jitter is transmitted (3 to
55)
Choose the DWELL TIME - the time jitter is generated at each jitter
frequency point (5 to 30 seconds).
Choose the DELAY TIME - the time delay between the jitter
frequency/amplitude being applied and the error measurement being
made. This allows the network equipment to settle as jitter frequency
is changed (5 to 30 seconds).
8
Choose the INPUT MASK.
If measuring SONET jitter transfer, the ITU-T G.958 mask can be
Type A or Type B and the Bellcore GR-253 mask can be High or Low.
TYPE A masks have good jitter tolerance and the mask corner points
are modified to compensate.
TYPE B masks have poorer jitter tolerance but a narrower jitter
transfer function and the mask corner points are modified to
compensate.
GR-253 Low mask covers the lower frequency band.
GR-253 High mask covers the upper frequency band.
If measuring 2 Mb/s jitter transfer, a Q Factor choice is provided. Your
Q Factor choice should match the network equipment regenerator Q
Factor.
LOW Q systems have good jitter tolerance and the mask corner points
are modified to compensate.
High Q systems have poorer jitter tolerance but a narrower jitter
transfer function and the mask corner points are modified to
compensate.
If
(DSn) or
(SONET) is chosen the mask frequencies
G.958
G.823
and amplitudes are displayed for information purposes.
If is chosen, choose the mask jitter frequencies, F1, F2, F3 and
USER
F4, and mask jitter amplitudes A1 and A2.
9
Choose MODE and press
to start the calibration.
CALIB
RUN/STOP
The J itter Transfer display is replaced by an information display for
the duration of the Calibration.
A bar graph showing the progress of the calibration will appear on the
display.
When the Calibration is complete, the display will revert to the
display.
JITTER
TRANSMIT
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter Transfer
HOW TO:
Sta r t th e J itter Tr a n sfer Mea su r em en t
NOTE
The J itter Transfer measurement must be started within 10 minutes of
the completion of calibration.
1
After the CALIBRATION is completed, remove the back to back
connection from the DSn or SONET or optical interfaces.
If the measurement is to be made at a network equipment monitor
point, choose
on the DSn or SONET
display
RECEIVE
MONITOR
before making the jitter transfer measurement.
2
Choose MODE
press
The measurement’s progress can be monitored on the
on the
display and
JITTER
MEASURE
TRANSMIT
.
RUN/STOP
TRANSMIT
display. At the end of the test the graph can be viewed on the
RESULTS
display.
JITTER
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Making Measurements
Measuring Jitter Transfer
HOW TO:
View th e Resu lts
1
Choose the results FORMAT.
If is chosen, a plot of the jitter transfer results against the
GRAPH
ITU-T mask is displayed.
If is chosen, the results from which the graph is constructed are
TEXT
displayed: Point number, Frequency, Mask amplitude (dB), J itter Gain
(dB), Result.
If applicable, results 13 through 55 can be viewed on pages 2 through
5.
2
If
is chosen, choose the SCALE required.
GRAPH
provides a vertical axis range of +5 to -60 dB and is
WIDE
recommended for viewing the high frequency portion of the graph.
This allows a clearer view of the difference between the actual result
and the ITU-T pass mask.
provides a vertical axis range of +3 to -3 dB and is
NARROW
recommended for viewing the low frequency portion of the graph. This
allows a clearer view of the difference between the actual result and
the ITU-T pass mask.
3
If you wish to log the jitter tolerance results to a printer, See “Logging
J itter Transfer Results” page 114.
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4
4
Storing, Logging and Printing
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store
Sa vin g Gr a p h ics Resu lts to In str u m en t
Stor e
Descr iption
Graphical representation of measurement results is very useful
particularly during a long measurement period. It provides an overview
of the results and can be printed for record keeping.
Graphics results can be stored in instrument graph storage or on floppy
disk.
HOW TO:
1
Before starting your measurement, choose the GRAPH STORAGE
resolution and location.
The resolution chosen affects the ZOOM capability when viewing the
bar graphs. If 1 MIN is selected, 1 MIN/BAR, 15 MINS/BAR and 60
MINS/BAR are available. If 15 MINS is selected, 15 MINS/BAR and
60 MINS/BAR are available. If 1 HOUR is selected, 60 MINS/BAR is
available.
The graphics results can be stored in the instrument - INTERNAL or
stored on DISK. Storage to disk will use a default file name unless a
OTHER
file name is specified on the
“Saving Graphics Results to Disk” page 140.
display. See
FLOPPY DISK
2
Press to start the measurement. Graphical results will be
RUN/STOP
stored in the chosen location.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Recalling Stored Graph Results
Reca llin g Stor ed Gr a p h Resu lts
Descr iption
Results stored from a previous measurement can be recalled to the
graphics displays for viewing and printing.
HOW TO:
1
2
If currently viewing the bar graph display, select
then
TEXT RESULTS
. If currently viewing the error or alarm summary,
STORE STATUS
select
.
STORE STATUS
Using
and
, move the highlighted cursor to the store location
which contains the required results.
If the required results are stored on Disk, move the highlighted cursor
to DISK and choose RECALL GRAPHICS on the FLOPPY DISK
display. See “Recalling Graphics Results from Disk” page 145.
3
4
Choose
if you wish to view the bar graphs.
GRAPH RESULTS
The display will change to the bar graph display of the highlighted
results.
Choose
if you wish to view the error and alarm
TEXT RESULTS
Summaries.
The display will change to the text results display of the highlighted
results.
deletes the results in the highlighted store.
DELETE STORE
If
is chosen, a
;
DELETE ALL
CONFIRM DELETE ABORT DELETE
choice prevents accidental deletion of all the stored results.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Recalling Stored Graph Results
The top row of the display comprises five fields:
Stor e
Memory location in which the displayed bar graph data
is stored. Move the highlighted cursor, to the STORE
location desired, using and
.
Sta r t Da te
Sta r t Tim e
The start date of the test, which produced the stored
results.
The start time of the test, which produced the stored
results.
Test Du r a tion The duration of the test, which produced the stored
results.
Stor e Use
The percentage (%) of the overall storage capacity
occupied by each set of stored results. The TOTAL
percentage used and the percentage still FREE is
provided at the bottom of the STORE USE column.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Viewing the Bar Graph Display
View in g th e Ba r Gr a p h Disp la y
Descr iption
All the graphic results obtained during the measurement are available
for viewing. Identify a period of interest and zoom in for more detailed
examination.
GRAPH
HOW TO:
1
To view the current bar graphs, press
and use
CHANGE UPPER
and
to obtain the bar graphs
CHANGE LOWER
required.
2
3
To view previously stored graphs, see "Recalling Stored Graph
Results " page 99.
For more detailed inspection of the bar graph, position the cursor
centrally within the area of interest using
,
and select
to reduce the time axis to 15 MINS/BAR. This is only
ZOOM IN
possible if the graphics results were stored with a STORAGE
resolution of 1 SEC,1 MINS or 15 MINS.
select
until the required time axis is obtained.
ZOOM IN
The top row of the display comprises three fields:
Stor e
Memory location in which the displayed bar graph data
is stored. Store can only be changed when the status of
stored results is displayed. See "Recalling Stored
Graph Results " page 99.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Viewing the Bar Graph Display
Zoom
The width, in minutes, of each "bar" in the bar graph,
controlled by
/
.
ZOOM IN ZOOM OUT
Cu r sor
The cursor position in terms of time and date,
controlled by and . The cursor position changes
in steps of 1 second, 1 minute, 15 minutes or 60
minutes dependent upon the ZOOM setting. The cursor
is physically located between the two graphs.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries
View in g th e Gr a p h ics Er r or a n d Ala r m
Su m m a r ies
Descr iption
The error and alarm summaries of the measurement chosen are
displayed on the
display. The error summary or alarm
TEXT RESULTS
summary can be viewed at any time.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
To view the error or alarm summary associated with the current bar
GRAPH
graphs, press
then
.
TEXT RESULTS
To view the error or alarm summary associated with previously stored
bar graphs, see "Recalling Stored Graph Results " page 99.
To view the Alarms which have occurred during the measurement,
select
. Use
to view the DSn/DSn;
NEXT SUMMARY
ALARM SUMMARY
and SONET Alarm Summaries in turn if applicable.
4
To view the Errors which have occurred during the measurement
select
. Use
NEXT SUMMARY
ERROR SUMMARY
The top row of the display comprises three fields:
Stor e
Memory location in which the bar graphs, error
summary and alarm summary are stored.
Store can only be changed when the status of stored
results is displayed. See "Recalling Stored Graph
Results " page 99.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries
Sta r t
Stop
The start time and date of the test, that produced the
displayed results.
The stop time and date of the test, that produced the
displayed results.
104
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Graph Displays
Loggin g Gr a p h Disp la ys
Descr iption
The bar graphs and error and alarm summaries can be logged to the disk
for printing at a later date.
If Option 601, Remote Control, is fitted, the bar graphs and error and
alarm summary can be logged to an external HP DeskJet printer at the
end of the test period. If a printer is not immediately available, the
graphics results remain in memory and can be logged at a later time
when a printer becomes available.
HOW TO:
Log to a n Exter n a l P r in ter
1
Connect an external RS-232-C HP DeskJet printer to the HP 37718A
RS232 port. See "Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer " page 119 or
connect an external HP-IB HP DeskJet printer to the HP 37718A HP-
IB port. See "Logging Results to HP-IB Printer " page 117 or connect
a Parallel DeskJet printer to the HP 37718A Parallel port. See
"Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer " page 116.
OTHER
2
3
Make the required selections on the
display:
LOGGING
LOGGING PORT [HPIB] or [RS232] or [PARALLEL] and LOGGING
[ON].
To log the Error and Alarm summaries, the displayed Bar graphs and
the Alarm graph to the printer, choose
display.
on the bar graph
PRINT
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Graph Displays
4
Choose to confirm or abort the print.
To confirm the print and only print the portion of the graph displayed
and the summaries choose
.
THIS SCREEN
To confirm the print and print the graph for the whole measurement
period and the summaries choose
.
CURSOR TO END
To abort the print choose
.
ABORT
5
To log the selected Error and Alarm summaries to the printer, choose
on the Text Results display.
PRINT
HOW TO:
Log to th e Disk Dr ive
1
2
Insert a floppy disk in the disk drive.
OTHER
Choose LOGGING PORT
on the
display.
LOGGING
display. See "Saving
DISK
OTHER
Enter a filename on the
FLOPPY DISK
Data Logging to Disk " page 142.
3
4
To log the Error and Alarm summaries, the displayed Bar graphs and
the Alarm graph to the disk, choose
Choose to confirm or abort the print.
on the bar graph display.
PRINT
To confirm the print and only print the portion of the graph displayed
and the summaries choose
.
THIS SCREEN
To confirm the print and print the graph for the whole measurement
period and the summaries choose
.
CURSOR TO END
To abort the print choose
.
ABORT
5
To log the selected Error and Alarm summaries to the disk, choose
on the Text Results display.
PRINT
106
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Results
Loggin g Resu lts
Descr iption
Test Per iod Loggin g
If degradations in system performance can be observed at an early stage,
then the appropriate remedial action can be taken to maximize circuit
availability and avoid system crashes. Test period logging allows you to
monitor the error performance of your circuit. At the end of the test
period the selected results are logged. Results can be logged at regular
intervals during the test period by selecting a LOGGING PERIOD of
shorter duration than the test period. An instant summary of the results
PRINT NOW
can be demanded by pressing
progress.
without affecting the test in
Er r or Even t Loggin g
Manual tracing of intermittent faults is time consuming. Error event
logging allows you to carry out unattended long term monitoring of the
circuit. Each occurrence of the selected error event is logged.
The results obtained during the test are retained in memory until they
are overwritten by the next set of results. The results can be logged at
any time during the test period and at the end of the test period. The
OTHER
results required are selected using
SETUP
LOGGING
LOGGING
.
CONTROL
Any Alarm occurrence results in a timed and dated message being
logged.
BER and Analysis results can be selected by the user.
Cumulative and Period versions of the results are calculated and can be
selected by the user.
Per iod
The results obtained over a set period of time during
the test. The Period is defined by the LOGGING
PERIOD selection.
Cu m u la tive
The results obtained over the time elapsed since the
start of the test.
The results can be logged to the following devices, selectable using
OTHER
LOGGING SETUP
:
LOGGING
DEVICE
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Results
• Optional Internal printer fitted into the instrument front cover
(Option 602)
• External HP-IB printer (option 601)
• External RS-232-C printer (option 601)
• External Parallel Port printer (option 601)
• Disk Drive
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose LOGGING [ON] - enables the logging of results and alarms.
Choose LOGGING PERIOD - determines how regularly the results
and alarms are logged.
USER PROGRAM provides a choice of 10 minutes to 99 hours.
3
4
Choose RESULT LOGGED - allows you to log all results to or choose
only those results you require.
Choose WHEN - allows you to choose to only log when the error count
for the logging period is greater than 0. If the error count is 0 then the
message NO BIT ERRORS is displayed.
5
Choose CONTENT - allows you a choice of error results to be logged.
Error Results, Analysis or Error and Analysis (ER & ANAL)
and
Period, Cumulative or Period and Cumulative (PER & CUMUL).
6
If LOG ERROR SECONDS [ON] is chosen a timed and dated message
is logged each time an error second occurs (excessive occurrences of
error seconds during the logging period will result in heavy use of
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Results
printer paper).
7
Choose the logging DEVICE.
If RS232 is chosen, see "Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer "
page 119.
If HPIB is chosen, see "Logging Results to HP-IB Printer " page 117.
If PARALLEL is chosen, see "Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics)
Printer " page 116.
If DISK is chosen, see “Saving Data Logging to Disk” page 142.
If Option 602, Internal Printer, is fitted and INTERNAL is chosen, see
"Logging Results to Internal Printer " page 118.
109
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging on Demand
Loggin g on Dem a n d
PRINT NOW
is pressed the chosen results are logged to the chosen
Descr iption
When
logging device. The choice of results for logging is:
RESULTS SNAPSHOT - last recorded measurement results
OVERHEAD SNAPSHOT - last recorded overhead values of the chosen STS-3
OVERHEAD CAPTURE - Overhead Capture display
SCREEN DUMP - allows logging of the chosen display
POINTER GRAPH - Pointer Graph display
SONET TRIBUTARY SCAN - SONET Tributary Scan display
SONET ALARM SCAN - SONET Alarm Scan display
SELTEST FAILS - Last recorded selftest failures
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose LOG ON DEMAND to determine results to be logged when
PRINT NOW
is pressed.
SCREEN DUMP allows you to log the selected display when
PRINT NOW
using this feature).
Choose the logging DEVICE.
If RS232 is chosen, see "Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer "
page 119.
If HPIB is chosen, see "Logging Results to HP-IB Printer " page 117.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging on Demand
If PARALLEL is chosen, see "Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics)
Printer " page 116.
If DISK is chosen, see “Saving Data Logging to Disk” page 142.
If Option 602, Internal Printer, is fitted and INTERNAL is chosen, see
"Logging Results to Internal Printer " page 118.
111
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Jitter Tolerance Results
Loggin g J itter Toler a n ce Resu lts
Descr iption
The jitter auto tolerance feature provides jitter tolerance measurements
within the relevant ITU-T mask, G.823 for DSn, G.958, G.825 and G.253
for SONET.
You can log the jitter auto tolerance results to a printer for record
keeping purposes. The
version or the
version of the jitter
TEXT
GRAPH
tolerance results can be logged to an external printer.
HOW TO:
1
If logging to a Parallel Port (Centronics) printer, connect the printer to
the PARALLEL port. See "Connecting an HP 850C DeskJet Printer to
a Parallel Port " page 121.
2
3
If a non-HP printer is connected choose
.
ALT. PRINTER
width (
) according to the capabilities of your printer.
COMPRESS
4
5
6
If logging to an HP-IB printer, connect an HP-IB printer to the HPIB
port. See "Logging Results to HP-IB Printer " page 117.
If logging to an RS-232-C printer, connect an RS-232-C printer to the
RS232 port. See "Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer " page 119.
If a non HP printer is connected, choose
.
ALT. PRINTER
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Jitter Tolerance Results
7
Choose 80 character column width (
) or 40 character column
NORMAL
width (
) according to the capabilities of your printer.
COMPRESS
8
9
Choose the same baud SPEED as chosen on your printer.
Choose the PROTOCOL required for the transfer of logging data.
10 Choose LOGGING
on the LOGGING SETUP
CONTROL
ON
display.
11 Choose
on the
display if you wish to
AUTO TOLER
GRAPH
RESULTS
log the graph to the printer.
Choose and the PAGE number on the
TEXT
AUTO TOLER
RESULTS
display if you wish to log the text results to the printer.
PRINT NOW
12 Press
to log the chosen results to the printer.
113
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Jitter Transfer Results
Loggin g J itter Tr a n sfer Resu lts
Descr iption
The jitter transfer feature provides jitter transfer measurements within
the relevant ITU-T mask, G.823 for DSn and G.958 for SONET.
You can log the jitter transfer results to a printer for record keeping
purposes. The
version or the
version of the jitter transfer
TEXT
GRAPH
results can be logged to an external printer.
HOW TO:
1
If logging to a Parallel Port (Centronics) printer, connect the printer to
the PARALLEL port. See "Connecting an HP 850C DeskJet Printer to
a Parallel Port " page 121.
2
3
If a non-HP printer is connected, choose
.
ALT. PRINTER
width (
) according to the capabilities of your printer.
COMPRESS
4
5
If logging to an HP-IB printer, connect an HP-IB printer to the HPIB
port. See "Logging Results to HP-IB Printer " page 117.
If logging to an RS-232-C printer, connect an RS-232-C printer to the
RS232 port. See "Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer " page 119.
6
7
If a non HP printer is connected, choose
.
ALT. PRINTER
Choose 80 character column width (
) or 40 character column
NORMAL
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Logging Jitter Transfer Results
width (
) according to the capabilities of your printer.
COMPRESS
8
9
Choose the same baud SPEED as chosen on your printer.
Choose the PROTOCOL required for the transfer of logging data.
10 Choose LOGGING
on the LOGGING SETUP
CONTROL
ON
display.
11 Choose
and SCALE
or
on the
WIDE
RESULTS
GRAPH
NARROW
display if you wish to log the graph to the
JITTER TN FUNCTION
printer.
Choose TEXT and the PAGE number on the
JITTER
RESULTS
display if you wish to log the text results to the printer.
TN FUNCTION
PRINT NOW
12 Press
to log the chosen results to the printer.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer
Loggin g Resu lts to Pa r a llel
(Cen tr on ics) P r in ter
Descr iption
If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results
and alarms to an external Parallel printer connected to the PARALLEL
port. The Parallel port provides a standard IEEE 1284-A compatible
interface.
CAUTION
Damage to the instrument may result if a serial connection is made to this
port.
HOW TO:
1
2
Connect the Parallel printer to the PARALLEL port. See "Connecting
If a non HP printer is connected choose ALT PRINTER.
Choose
80 character column width or
40
COMPRESS
NORMAL
character column width according to the capabilities of your printer.
3
Choose LOGGING SETUP and set up the display as
CONTROL
required. See "Logging Results " page 107 or "Logging on Demand "
page 110.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Results to HP-IB Printer
Loggin g Resu lts to HP -IB P r in ter
Descr iption
If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results
and alarms to an external HP-IB printer connected to the HP-IB port.
HOW TO:
1
Connect an HP-IB printer to the HPIB port.
NOTE
Choosing HP-IB external printer for logging prevents the use of HP-IB
remote control.
2
Choose the LOGGING SETUP
and set up the display as
CONTROL
required. See "Logging Results " page 107 or "Logging on Demand "
page 110.
117
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Results to Internal Printer
Loggin g Resu lts to In ter n a l P r in ter
Descr iption
If Option 602, Internal Printer is fitted, you can log the results and
alarms to the in-lid printer.
HOW TO:
1
Choose the LOGGING SETUP
and set up the display as
CONTROL
required. See "Logging Results " page 107.
118
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer
Loggin g Resu lts to RS-232-C P r in ter
Descr iption
If Option 601, Remote Control Interface, is fitted, you can log the results
and alarms to an external RS-232-C printer connected to the RS232 port.
HOW TO:
1
Connect an RS-232-C printer to the RS232 port.
NOTE
Choosing RS232 external printer for logging prevents the use of
RS-232-C remote control.
2
3
If a non HP printer is connected choose ALT PRINTER.
Choose 80 character column width or
character column width according to the capabilities of your printer.
40
COMPRESS
NORMAL
Choose the LOGGING SETUP and set up the display as
CONTROL
required. See "Logging Results " page 107 or "Logging on Demand "
page 110.
119
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Printing Results from Disk
P r in tin g Resu lts fr om Disk
Descr iption
The results and alarms you logged to Disk can be printed by removing
the Disk from the HP 37718A and inserting it into a personal computer
(PC).
HOW TO:
HOW TO:
P r in t fr om DOS P r om p t
copy/b a:\ <filename> <printer name>
P r in t fr om Win d ow s
1
2
Choose the required file from Filemanager.
Choose FILE - COPY FILE TO
<printer name>
120
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Connecting an HP 850C DeskJet Printer to a Parallel Port
Con n ectin g a n HP 850C Desk J et
P r in ter to a Pa r a llel Por t
Descr iption
If Remote Control Option, 601, is fitted, the HP 37718A has the
capability of interfacing with an HP 850C DeskJet printer or, an
alternative suppliers printer, via the PARALLEL port.
CAUTION
Do not connect a serial printer e.g. RS-232-C or HPIB to the HP 37718A
Parallel port as this will damage the interface.
HOW TO:
1
Connect the HP 37718A Parallel port to the HP 850C DeskJet Parallel
port using printer cable HP part number 24542D.
121
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Changing Internal Printer Paper
Ch a n gin g In ter n a l P r in ter Pa p er
Descr iption
The printer accepts rolls of thermal paper with the following dimensions:
Width:
216 mm (8.5 in) or 210 mm (8.27 in) (A4)
tolerance +2.0 mm - 1.0 mm
Maximum Outside Diameter: 40 mm
Inside Core Diameter:
Between 12.5 mm and 13.2 mm
Suitable rolls of paper are available from Hewlett Packard, Part Number
9270-1360.
WARNING
Th e p a p er tea r -off ed ge is SHARP. Th is ed ge is exp osed w h en th e
p r in ter cover is r a ised . Note th e
on th e cover.
CAUTION SHARP EDGE la bel
!
HOW TO:
1
2
Raise the two locking tabs on the sides of the printer cover and then
raise the cover.
Raise the printer mechanism front cover. This releases the paper
drive. Remove any remaining paper from the front (in the normal
direction of operation).
3
Lift out the spindle. Adjust the paper width adaptor to the width of the
paper being used.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Changing Internal Printer Paper
4
Put the paper roll on the spindle such that the sensitive side will be on
the underside of the print mechanism. Ensure that the relocation of
the spindle locks the blue width adaptor in position.
NOTE
The paper must be installed such that when it is in the print mechanism,
the sensitive side (slightly shiny) is the underside.
The illustrations here show the correct fitting for HP 9270-1360 paper
which has the sensitive side on the outside of the roll.
5
Feed the paper into the upper entry of the print mechanism. When the
front cover of the print mechanism is closed, the printer should
automatically feed the paper through until there is approximately 2.5
cm (1 in) clear at the front of the print mechanism.
Align paper with the leftmost edge of the printer
mechanism slot
INSERT PAPER
CAUTION
Do not close the outer cover until the automatic paper feed is complete.
123
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Changing Internal Printer Paper
6
If the printer paper is incorrectly aligned, raise the printer mechanism
front cover to releases the paper drive and realign the paper.
LIFT TO ADJUST PAPER ALIGNMENT
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head
Clea n in g In ter n a l P r in ter P r in t Hea d
Descr iption
The print head should be cleaned when broken or light characters occur
in a vertical line on the page. To maintain a high quality print, clean the
print head after 200 to 300 prints.
The print head is cleaned with a special cleaning paper which is supplied
with the instrument.
WARNING
Th e p a p er tea r -off ed ge is SHARP. Th is ed ge is exp osed w h en th e
p r in ter cover is r a ised . Note th e
on th e cover.
CAUTION SHARP EDGE la bel
!
HOW TO:
1
2
3
4
Open the printer as for changing the paper. See "Changing Internal
Printer Paper " page 122.
If printer paper is fitted, remove it from the printer.
Feed the cleaning paper into the top entry of the print mechanism with
the rough black side, which contains the cleaning material, towards
When the automatic feed is complete and the paper stops moving use
PAPER FEED
the instrument front panel key
paper through the print mechanism.
to move the cleaning
Remove the cleaning paper and replace the normal printer paper. See
"Changing Internal Printer Paper " page 122.
NOTE
Retain the cleaning paper. It is designed to last for the life of the printer.
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Storing, Logging and Printing
Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head
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5
5
Using Instrument and Disk Storage
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Storing Configurations in Instrument Store
Stor in g Con figu r a tion s in In str u m en t
Stor e
Descr iption
You can store measurement settings which are used regularly and recall
them with a single operation.
One preset store is provided which cannot be overwritten, STORED
SETTING NUMBER [0]. This store is used to set the instrument to a
known state, the FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS.
HOW TO:
1
2
Set the HP 37718A to the configuration you wish to store.
Choose the STORED SETTING NUMBER to receive the
configuration.
3
4
5
Choose LOCK
.
OFF
Choose ACTION
to store the configuration in the chosen store.
SAVE
To add a descriptive title see "Titling Configuration in Instrument
Store " page 129.
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Titling Configuration in Instrument Store
Titlin g Con figu r a tion in In str u m en t
Stor e
Descr iption
When storing configurations, you can give them an easily remembered
title for identification at a later date.
HOW TO:
1
Choose the STORED SETTING NUMBER which contains the stored
configuration.
2
3
Choose LOCK
.
OFF
JUMP NEXT CHAR
PREVIOUS CHAR
Use
settings.
;
;
;
and
to title the
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store
Reca llin g Con figu r a tion s fr om
In str u m en t Stor e
Descr iption
Having stored a configuration for future use, you must be able to recall
that configuration in the future.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the STORED SETTING NUMBER which contains the stored
configuration.
Choose ACTION
to recall the stored configuration.
RECALL
The recall operation can be verified by checking the relevant display
settings.
130
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Formatting a Disk
For m a ttin g a Disk
Descr iption
Only 1.44M, MS-DOS compatible disks can be used in the HP 37718A.
Any other format or capacity will result in a disk access error being
displayed.
NOTE
Disks can be formatted in an IBM compatible PC (1.44M, MS-DOS only)
but it is recommended that the disk is formatted in the HP 37718A as this
will ensure full compatibility with the Floppy Disk power fail recovery
included in the HP 37718A.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
Choose DISK OPERATION
.
DISK FORMAT
Insert the Disk into the Disk drive.
Choose to Format the disk.
OK
A warning that this operation will erase all data is displayed and asks
“do you wish to continue”.
If YES is selected, all the data on the Disk will be erased and the disk
will be formatted.
If NO is selected, the operation is aborted. This allows you to view the
data on the Disk and verify that it is no longer needed.
131
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Labeling a Disk
La belin g a Disk
Descr iption
You can label your disks for ease of identification.
MY DISK
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose DISK OPERATION
.
DISK LABEL
Label the Disk using
or press
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
SET
and use the pop-up keypad.
3
Choose to confirm the label is correct.
OK
The label is displayed at the bottom of the display to confirm the
operation has taken place.
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Managing Files and Directories on Disk
Ma n a gin g Files a n d Dir ector ies on Disk
Descr iption
File and Directory structures can be important in speeding up the
transfer of data between the instrument and the disk drive.
It is recommended that you create a directory structure as an aid to
efficient file management particularly when the disk is moved to a PC.
Cr ea tin g a Dir ector y on Disk
OTHER
on the
FILE CREATE DIRECTORY
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose DISK OPERATION
display,
FLOPPY DISK
Enter the directory name using
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
SET
or press
and use the pop-up keypad.
The directory name can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
3
To create the directory choose
.
OK
This will create a sub directory of the directory displayed at the bottom
of the display. In this example A:\ SONET will be created.
133
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Managing Files and Directories on Disk
Accessin g Dir ector ies a n d Files
1
2
Choose DISK OPERATION
.
SAVE
Choose FILE TYPE you wish to view.
This acts as a filter on the filename extension:
- .CNF filter,
- .PRN filter,
- .SMG filter,
CONFIGURATION
DATA LOGGING
GRAPHICS
- .BMP filter.
SCREEN DUMP
SET
3
Move the highlighted cursor to the NAME field and press
.
NOTE
.
<DIR> - Current Directory.
. .
<DIR> - Parent directory. Move highlighted cursor to this line and
SET
press
to move to parent directory.
4
5
Move the highlighted cursor to
SET
to move to parent directory.
. .
<DIR> and press
SET
Move the highlighted cursor to the directory required and press
to move to that directory. (The directory name will appear on the
display).
Only the files with the file extension chosen in FILE TYPE will be
displayed.
6
Move the highlighted cursor up and down the display using
.
and
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Managing Files and Directories on Disk
NOTE
Title Ba r - File types displayed and current directory. (cannot be
highlighted).
.
<DIR> - Current Directory.
. .
<DIR> - Parent directory. Move highlighted cursor to this line and
SET
press
to move to parent directory.
SONET1.P RN - File (with named extension) in current directory. Move
SET
highlighted cursor to this line and press
to select the file. The display
will return to the display and the selected file name will appear in
SAVE
the FILE NAME field.
SET
SET
NEXT - Move highlighted cursor to this line and press
next page of file names.
P REV - Move highlighted cursor to this line and press
previous page of file names.
to access the
to access the
7
8
NEW. - Allows entry of new file name using pop-up keypad. Press
SET
to obtain the pop-up keypad display. Enter the new filename,
SET
Choose
and press
to return to the file manager display.
END
CANCEL
Press
to return to the display.
SAVE
The filename entered via the keypad appears on the
The file extension is added automatically.
display.
SAVE
The Directory name and the disk Label appear at the bottom of the
display.
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Managing Files and Directories on Disk
Ren a m in g a File on Disk
Descr iption
Files can be renamed as an aid to efficient file management.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose DISK OPERATION
.
FILE RENAME
Enter the FROM filename using
or
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
Choose the directory which contains the file to be renamed. See
"Accessing Directories and Files " page 134. Move the highlighted
SET
display.
FILE
RENAME
The filename, with extension, can contain up to 12 alphanumeric
characters.
3
4
Choose the directory in which to locate the renamed file (it will appear
on the display). See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Enter the TO filename using
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
SET
or press
twice and use the pop-up keypad.
The filename can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
The file extension is fixed to the FROM filename extension.
5
To rename the file choose
.
OK
If you have entered a filename which already exists, a warning "File
exists - are you sure" you wish to continue is displayed.
If YES is selected, the data in the file will be overwritten. If NO is
selected, the operation is aborted.
This allows you the opportunity to verify before renaming.
136
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Managing Files and Directories on Disk
Deletin g a File on Disk
Descr iption
Obsolete files can be deleted as an aid to efficient file management.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose DISK OPERATION
.
FILE DELETE DELETE FILE
Choose the directory containing the file to be deleted. See "Accessing
Directories and Files " page 134.
3
Enter the filename to be deleted using
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
SET
or press
, highlight the file to be deleted on the file
SET
manager display, and press
.
The file name can contain up to 12 alphanumeric characters, including
the filename extension.
4
To delete the file choose
.
OK
A warning "Are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed.
If YES is selected, the file is deleted.
If NO is selected, the operation is aborted.
This prevents accidental deletion of a wanted file.
137
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Managing Files and Directories on Disk
Deletin g a Dir ector y on Disk
Descr iption
Obsolete Directories should be deleted as an aid to efficient file
management.
NOTE
A directory cannot be deleted until all the files within the directory have
been deleted. See "Deleting a File on Disk " page 137.
HOW TO:
1
Choose the directory you wish to delete (it will appear on the display).
See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
2
3
Choose DISK OPERATION
.
FILE DELETE DELETE DIRECTORY
To delete the directory choose
.
OK
A warning "Are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed.
If YES is selected, the directory is deleted.
This prevents accidental deletion of a wanted directory.
If the directory is not empty the messages "delete directory failed"
"directory is not empty" are displayed.
4
If files need to be deleted to prepare the directory for deletion. See
"Deleting a File on Disk " page 137.
138
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Managing Files and Directories on Disk
Ad d in g Descr ip tor s to Disk Files
Descr iption
When storing configurations or graphics on disk, you can give them an
easily remembered descriptor for identification at a later date.
Descriptors can be added to .CNF and .SMG files.
HOW TO:
1
1
2
Choose the directory containing the file you wish to add the descriptor
to. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Choose DISK OPERATION
and DISPLAY
FILE PROPERTIES
OPTION
.
FILE DESCRIPTOR
Move the highlighted cursor to the FILE NAME DESCRIPTOR field.
Enter the file descriptor using
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
SET
or press
and press
, highlight the file required on the file manager display,
SET
.
3
Move the highlighted cursor to Select OK to perform operation and
choose OK.
The File List will show the descriptor instead of the TIME and DATE
information as long as FILE DESCRIPTOR is selected.
NOTE
This slows down the updating of the display.
139
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Saving Graphics Results to Disk
Sa vin g Gr a p h ics Resu lts to Disk
Descr iption
Graphics results can be saved to a file on disk. Two methods of naming
the file, which is created when the measurement is started, are available:
Au tom a tic
A filename in the form meas001 is created
automatically without any action from you.
You r Ch oice
You can input a filename of your choice which will
override the automatically generated filename. This
must be entered before the measurement is started. If
the filename you enter already exists, graphics results
will be saved to the automatically generated filename.
This prevents existing files from being overwritten
each time the measurement is started.
HOW TO:
1
Choose GRAPH STORAGE
and the Graph Storage resolution
DISK
required on the
display. See “Saving Graphics Results to
RESULTS
Instrument Store” page 98.
If you wish to use the automatically generated filename no further
action is required and the graphics results will be saved on Disk when
the measurement is completed.
140
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Saving Graphics Results to Disk
2
3
4
Choose the directory in which to save the graphics results. See
"Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
If you wish to enter your own choice of filename, choose DISK
OPERATION
FILE TYPE
.
SAVE
GRAPHICS
Move the highlighted cursor to NAME and enter the filename using
SET
or press
twice and use
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
the pop-up keypad.
The filename can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
The filename extension is fixed as .SMG.
The graphics results will be saved on Disk at the end of the
measurement.
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Saving Data Logging to Disk
Sa vin g Da ta Loggin g to Disk
Descr iption
Data Logging can be saved to a file on disk. The disk can be transferred
to a personal computer (PC) and the logging investigated at a later date.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the directory in which to save the logging results. See
"Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Choose DISK OPERATION
FILE TYPE
and
SAVE
DATA LOGGING
enter your choice of filename using
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
SET
or press
twice and use the pop-up keypad.
The filename can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
The filename extension is fixed as .PRN.
3
4
If you wish to add the data logging to a file which already exists, choose
APPEND TO FILE. The data logging is added to the named file on
Disk in the available free space.
If you wish to overwrite the contents of the named file with the data
logging, choose OVERWRITE.
OTHER LOGGING
Set up the
page 107.
display. See “Logging Results”
When the named file is opened, data logging is saved on the disk:
• As each logging output occurs during the measurement or
PRINT NOW
•
is pressed.
142
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Saving Configurations to Disk
Sa vin g Con figu r a tion s to Disk
Descr iption
You can store a large number of measurement settings which are used
regularly and recall them when required.
Configurations can be stored to a file on the floppy disk. The floppy disk
can be used in other instruments which have the same option structure.
HOW TO:
1
1
Set the HP 37718A to the configuration you wish to store.
Choose the directory in which you wish to save the HP 37718A
configuration. See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
2
Choose DISK OPERATION
enter the filename using
, FILE TYPE
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
and
or
SAVE
CONFIGURATION
SET
press
twice and use the pop-up keypad.
The filename extension is fixed as .CNF.
The filename can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
3
Choose
to save the current configuration to disk.
OK
If you have entered a filename which already exists, a warning "File
exists - are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed.
If YES is selected, the configuration will be saved.
To cancel, change OK to OFF and enter new filename. See "Accessing
Directories and Files " page 134.
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Recalling Configuration from Disk
Reca llin g Con figu r a tion fr om Disk
Descr iption
If a configuration has been stored on disk, you will need to recall it at
some time in the future to configure the instrument.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the directory that contains the configuration file to be recalled.
See "Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Choose DISK OPERATION
FILE TYPE
RECALL
CONFIGURATION
and enter your choice of filename using
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
.
The filename can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
The filename extension is fixed as .CNF.
3
To recall the configuration from disk to instrument, choose
.
OK
The recall operation can be verified by checking the relevant display
settings.
144
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Recalling Graphics Results from Disk
Reca llin g Gr a p h ics Resu lts fr om Disk
Descr iption
If graphic results have been stored on disk, you will need to recall them
GRAPH
in able to view the results on the
. display.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the directory that contains the graphics file to be recalled. See
"Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
Choose DISK OPERATION
FILE TYPE
and
RECALL
GRAPHICS
enter your choice of filename using
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
The filename can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
The filename extension is fixed as .SMG.
3
4
To recall the graphics results from disk to instrument, choose
.
OK
To view the graphics results, see “Recalling Stored Graph Results”
page 99.
145
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk
Cop yin g Con figu r a tion fr om
In str u m en t Stor e to Disk
Descr iption
If you have a configuration stored in the instrument store that you wish
to use on another instrument, you can copy it to disk. The configuration
can then be downloaded from the disk in to another HP 37718A with the
same options as the original instrument.
HOW TO:
1
1
Choose the directory to receive the configuration file. See "Accessing
Directories and Files " page 134.
Choose DISK OPERATION
and enter
FILE COPY CONFIGURATION
the Instrument Store number using
and
DECREASE DIGIT
SET
or press
and use the pop-up keypad.
The Stored Settings description appears alongside the store number.
INCREASE DIGIT
If required the description can be modified using
JUMP NEXT CHAR
SET
or press
and use the pop-up keypad.
PREVIOUS CHAR
The description can contain up to 24 alphanumeric characters.
2
Enter the chosen filename using
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
SET
or press
twice and use the pop-up keypad.
The file name can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
The filename extension is fixed as .CNF.
146
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk
3
To copy the configuration from instrument to Disk choose
.
OK
If you have entered a filename which already exists, a warning "File
exists - are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed.
If YES is selected, the data on the Disk will be overwritten.
If NO is selected, the operation is aborted.
147
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store
Cop yin g Con figu r a tion fr om Disk to
In str u m en t Stor e
Descr iption
If you have a configuration stored in the instrument store that you wish
to use on another instrument, you can copy it to Disk. The configuration
can then be downloaded from the disk in another HP 37718A with the
same options as the original instrument.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the directory containing the configuration file. See "Accessing
Directories and Files " page 134.
Choose DISK OPERATION
and enter
FILE COPY CONFIGURATION
the Instrument Store number using
and
DECREASE DIGIT
SET
or press
and use the pop-up keypad.
INCREASE DIGIT
Enter a description of the configuration using
PREVIOUS CHAR
SET
or press
and use the pop-up keypad.
NEXT CHAR
The description can contain up to 24 alphanumeric characters.
3
Enter the filename the configuration is to be copied from using
SET
or press
, highlight the
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
SET
file to be copied on the file manager display and press
.
The file name can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
The filename extension is fixed as .CNF.
148
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store
4
To copy the configuration from Disk to instrument, choose
.
OK
If you have entered a instrument store number which already contains
a configuration, a warning "Are you sure you wish to continue" is
displayed.
If YES is selected, the data in the instrument store will be overwritten.
If NO is selected, the operation is aborted.
149
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk
Cop yin g Gr a p h ics Resu lts fr om
In str u m en t Stor e to Disk
Descr iption
You can copy Graphics Results from the instrument store to the Disk.
This is useful under the following conditions:
• If you have graphics results stored in the instrument that you wish to
prevent from being overwritten by a future measurement (only 10
store locations in the instrument)
• If you wish to retrieve the graphics results for viewing via a
spreadsheet.
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose the directory to receive the graphics file. See "Accessing
Directories and Files " page 134.
Choose DISK OPERATION
and enter the
FILE COPY GRAPHICS
Instrument Store number using
and
DECREASE DIGIT
SET
or press
and use the pop-up keypad.
INCREASE DIGIT
3
Enter the filename the graphic results are to be copied to using
SET
or press
twice and use
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
the pop-up keypad.
The file name can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters.
The filename extension is fixed as .SMG.
150
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk
4
5
If you wish to view the graphic results at a later date via a
spreadsheet, choose FORMAT
Variable.
. CSV is Comma Separated
CSV
If you wish to view the graphic results at a later date on an HP
37718A, choose FORMAT
.
NORMAL
To copy the configuration from instrument to Disk, choose
.
OK
If you have entered a filename which already exists, a warning "File
exists - are you sure you wish to continue" is displayed.
If YES is selected, the data on the Disk will be overwritten.
If NO is selected, the operation is aborted.
This allows you the opportunity to view the data on the Disk and verify
that it is no longer needed.
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Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk
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6
6
Selecting and Using "Other" Features
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings
Cou p lin g Tr a n sm it a n d Receive Settin gs
Descr iption
When generating and measuring at the same interface level, you can
have the transmit and receive settings coupled together. Any settings
change made on the transmit display will automatically occur on the
receive display. Any settings change made on the receive display will
automatically occur on the transmit display.
OTHER
This function is available on the
display.
SETTINGS CONTROL
HOW TO:
1
Choose TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
.
COUPLED
154
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Setting Time & Date
Settin g Tim e & Da te
Descr iption
When making Bit error measurements and recording results you can
have certain events timed chronologically, for example, Alarms; Error
Seconds.
OTHER
The capability to set the Time and Date is provided on the
display.
TIME & DATE
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose CLOCK MODE
and set the Time and Date using
;
SETUP
DECREASE DIGIT
;
;
;
and
.
INCREASE DIGIT
Choose CLOCK MODE
Date.
to complete the setting of Time and
RUN
155
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Enabling Keyboard Lock
En a blin g Keyboa r d Lock
Descr iption
You can protect the measurement settings from interference during a
test.
OTHER
This function is provided in the HP 37718A on the
display.
MISCELLANEOUS
The following keys are not affected by Keyboard Lock:
RESULTS GRAPH OTHER
• Display keys TRANSMIT ; RECEIVE ;
• cursor keys and
;
;
•
SHOW
PAPER FEED
LOCAL SMART TEST
The following display functions are not affected by Keyboard Lock:
RESULTS
• RESULTS type on the
display
OTHER
• KEYBOARD LOCK on the
display
HOW TO:
1
Choose KEYBOARD LOCK
.
ON
156
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Enabling Beep on Received Error
En a blin g Beep on Received Er r or
Descr iption
You can have an audible indication of an error which is particularly
useful when the display on the test set is hidden from view.
OTHER
This function is provided in the HP 37718A on the
display.
MISCELLANEOUS
HOW TO:
1
Choose BEEP ON RECEIVED ERROR
.
ON
157
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Suspending Test on Signal Loss
Su sp en d in g Test on Sign a l Loss
When running a test, you can choose to suspend the test during periods
of signal loss.
OTHER
This function is available on the
display.
MISCELLANEOUS
HOW TO:
1
Choose SUSPEND TEST ON SIGNAL LOSS
.
ON
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Setting Error Threshold Indication
Settin g Er r or Th r esh old In d ica tion
Descr iption
When making error measurements, you can have an indication of when
an error count or error ratio threshold has been exceeded. You can set the
HP 37718A to indicate this by a color change, from yellow to red, of the
GRAPH
RESULTS
bar on the
display and the result on the
display. You
can choose the thresholds at which the color change occurs.
The Count and Ratio selections are independent.
OTHER
This function is available on the
display.
COLOR CONTROL
HOW TO:
1
2
Choose COLOR ENHANCE RESULTS
.
ON
Choose the COUNT THRESHOLD and RATIO THRESHOLD.
159
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Setting Screen Brightness and Color
Settin g Scr een Br igh tn ess a n d Color
Descr iption
The HP 37718A screen can be set to single or two color using the COLOR
OTHER
PALETTE selection on the
,
display.
COLOR CONTROL
The screen brightness can be set to full or half brightness.
The half brightness setting is used when the room brightness is such
that half brightness is desirable and will also prolong the life of the
screen.
If the brightness is set to FULL and there have been no key presses in
the last hour, then the screen automatically dims to the half brightness
level and the status message “Display set to half brightness” is shown.
Any key press will return the screen to full brightness.
OTHER
This function is available on the
display.
COLOR CONTROL
HOW TO:
1
Choose the DISPLAY BRIGHTNESS to suit the operating
environment.
160
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Dumping Display to Disk
Du m p in g Disp la y to Disk
Descr iption
The chosen display may be stored on disk in bitmap format using the
Screen Dump feature of the HP37718A. Logging and Floppy Disk must
be set up for screen dump. The current display is stored on disk when
PRINT NOW
. is pressed.
HOW TO:
1
2
3
Choose LOGGING SETUP
and LOGGING PORT
on
DISK
DEVICE
OTHER
the
,
display.
LOGGING
Choose LOGGING SETUP
LOG ON DEMAND
CONTROL
OTHER
on the
,
display.
LOGGING
SCREEN DUMP
If compression is required to save disk space, select BITMAP
COMPRESSION (RLE)
.
ON
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Dumping Display to Disk
4
5
Choose the directory in which to save the Screen Dump. See
"Accessing Directories and Files " page 134.
If you wish to enter your own choice of filename, choose DISK
OPERATION
FILE TYPE
.
SAVE
SCREEN DUMP
NOTE
You have the option of an auto generated filename or entering your chosen
filname.
The file name can have a maximum of 8 characters.
The file extension is fixed as .BMP.
The file name must satisfy DOS requirements, that is, there must be no
spaces or other illegal characters.
6
7
Move the highlighted cursor to NAME and enter the filename using
SET
or press
twice and use
PREVIOUS CHAR NEXT CHAR
the pop-up keypad.
PRINT NOW
Choose the display you want to store on disk and press
.
After a few second the message "SAVING SCREEN DUMP . . . (XX%
COMPLETE)" is displayed.
162
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Running Self Test
Ru n n in g Self Test
Descr iption
Before using the HP 37718A to make measurements, you can run Self
Test ALL TESTS to ascertain the integrity of the HP 37718A. These
tests take between at least 1 hour to complete depending on the options
fitted.
Alternatively you can run Confidence Tests which only takes 2 to 3
minutes to complete. This is not a full verification but performs BER
measurements with internal and external loopbacks fitted.
HOW TO:
Ru n ALL TESTS
OTHER
1
2
3
Choose TEST TYPE
on the
display.
SELF TEST
ALL TESTS
Insert a formatted disk into the instrument disk drive.
Make the loopback connections listed below:
Connect Transmit module 75Ω OUT to Receive module 75Ω IN
Connect Transmit module 100/120Ω OUT to Receive module 100/
120Ω IN
Connect Transmit module 75Ω MUX to Receive module 75Ω DEMUX
Connect Transmit module 100/120Ω MUX to Receive module 100/
120Ω DEMUX
Connect Multirate Analyser IN to OUT
Connect Optical OUT to Optical IN via a 15 dB attenuator.
163
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Running Self Test
NOTE
If any or all of these connections are not made the HP 37718A will FAIL
Self Test.
4
Press
to activate the Self Test. TEST STATUS RUNNING
RUN/STOP
will be displayed.
The information pertaining to TEST TYPE, TEST NUMBER and
SUBTEST NUMBER will change as the Self Test progresses.
If the HP 37718A is functioning correctly, after a time of at least 1
hour, TEST STATUS PASSED is displayed.
If TEST STATUS [FAIL nnn] is displayed, the HP 37718A should be
returned to a service office for repair.
HOW TO:
Ru n Con fid en ce TESTS
OTHER
on the
CONF. TESTS
1
Choose TEST TYPE
display.
SELF TEST
2
3
Insert a formatted disk into the instrument disk drive.
Make the loopback connections listed below:
Connect Transmit module 75Ω OUT to Receive module 75Ω IN
Connect Transmit module 100/120Ω OUT to Receive module 100/
120Ω IN
Connect Transmit module 75Ω MUX to Receive module 75Ω DEMUX
Connect Transmit module 100/120Ω MUX to Receive module 100/
120Ω DEMUX
Connect Multirate Analyser IN to OUT
Connect Optical OUT to Optical IN via a 15 dB attenuator.
164
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Running Self Test
4
Press
to activate the Self Test. TEST STATUS RUNNING
RUN/STOP
will be displayed.
The information pertaining to TEST TYPE, TEST NUMBER and
SUBTEST NUMBER will change as the Self Test progresses.
If the HP 37718A is functioning correctly, after a time of 2 to 3minutes,
TEST STATUS PASSED is displayed.
If TEST STATUS [FAIL nnn] is displayed, the HP 37718A should be
returned to a service office for repair.
NOTE
Each individual self test requires unique loopback connections. To obtain
a list of the connections required move the highlighted cursor to
SET
CABLING INFO and press
display.
. The Loopbacks list will appear on the
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Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Running Self Test
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Appendix A
7
STS-1 SPE Background
Patterns
The following tables list the background patterns available when selecting specific
foregrounds.
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STS-1 SPE Background Patterns
Table 2
STS-1 SPE Background Patterns
Foreground
Background choice in
Foreground TUG-3
Background choice in other
AU-3
STS-1 SPE
---------
VT-1.5, VT-2 Mapping or SPE
Word (8 bit user programmable
word).
VT-6
Pattern in other VT-6s is numbered. They
contain the word 11NNNNNx, where NNNNN is
the binary number of the TU.
VT-1.5, VT-2 Mapping or SPE
Word (8 bit user programmable
word).
VT-2 (2 Mb/s)
Unframed
VT-2 structure, unframed with 2E15-1, 2E9-1
PRBS or 1100 word pattern in all information
bits.
VT-2, VT-1.5 Mapping or SPE
Word (8 bit user programmable
word).
VT-2 (2 Mb/s) Framed VT-2 structure, framed with 2E15-1, 2E9-1
PRBS, NUMBERED or 1100 word pattern. In
Numbered mode, each timeslot contains the
pattern 0NNNNNNX where NNNNNN is the
binary number of the TU. The least significant
digit (X) is alternated between 0 and 1 in
successive frames.
VT-2, VT-1.5 Mapping or SPE
Word (8 bit user programmable
word).
VT-1.5 (DS1)
Unframed
VT-1.5 structure, D4 framed with 2E15-1, 2E9-1
PRBS or 1100 Word pattern in other TU-11s.
VT-2, VT-1.5 Mapping or SPE
Word (8 bit user programmable
word).
VT-1.5 (DS1) Framed VT-1.5 structure, DS1, D4 framed with 2E15-1,
VT-2, VT-1.5 Mapping or SPE
2E9-1 PRBS, NUMBERED or 1100 word pattern Word (8 bit user programmable
in other TU-11s.
word).
In Numbered mode, each timeslot contains the
pattern 1NNNNNN1 where NNNNNN is the
binary number of the TU. Framing type will be
the same as the foreground except when SLC96
is selected. In this case, D4 framing is inserted in
the background
168
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Appendix B
8
ETSI/ANSI Terminology
A table of ETSI terms with their ANSI equivalents.
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ETSI/ANSI Terminology
ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms
ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms
Introduction
The terminology used on the instrument display can be ETSI (SDH) or
ANSI (SONET) terminology. Refer to the table given in this appendix for
an explanation of equivalent SDH/SONET terms.
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
ANSI: American National Standards Institute.
Table 3
ETSI / ANSI Terminology
ETSI Term
ANSI Term
AU-3
AU-4
STS-1 SPE + H1, H2, H3
STS-3c SPE + H1, H2, H3
CV (Code Violation)
STS Path
BIP (Bit Interleaved parity)
High Order Path (HP / HO)
I-n Intra Office, (n=STM-n level)
L-n.1 or L-n.2 long haul
Low Order Path (LP / LO)
LP-REI
Intermediate Reach (IR)
LR long reach
VT Path
REI-V
M.S.P
A.P.S
Multiplexer Section (MS)
Multiplexer Section Protection
MS-AIS
Line
Automatic Protection Switching
Line AIS / AIS-L
Line CV / CV-L
Line DCC / DCC-L
Line FEBE / REI-L
MS-BIP
MS-DCC
MS-REI
170
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ETSI/ANSI Terminology
ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms
Table 3
ETSI / ANSI Terminology , continued
ETSI Term
ANSI Term
Line FERF / RDI-L
MS-RDI
Multiplexer Section Overhead
Network Node Interface
OOF
Line Overhead
Line Interface
SEF (severely errored frame defect)
AIS-P
Path AIS / AU-AIS
Path REI / HP REI
Path FERF / HP RDI
Path IEC / AU-IEC
Path Overhead
Regenerator
REI-P
RDI-P
IEC-P
Path Overhead
Repeater
Regenerator Section (RS)
Regenerator Section Overhead
Remote Alarm Indicator
RS-DCC
Section
Section Overhead
RAI
Section DCC (DCC-S)
Transport Overhead (TOH)
Short Reach (SR)
TOH
Section Overhead (SOH)
S-n.1 or S-n.2 short haul
SOH
STM-m
OC-n / STS-n (where m= n÷ 3 for m ≥ 1
STS-1
STM-0
STM-1
OC3c / STS-3c
OC-12 / STS-12
OC-48 / STS-48
Virtual Tributary (VT)
STM-4
STM-16
Tributary Unit (TU)
171
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ETSI/ANSI Terminology
ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms
Table 3
ETSI / ANSI Terminology , continued
ETSI Term
ANSI Term
TU
VT
TU-11
TU-12
TU-2
TU-3
TU BIP
VT 1.5
VT 2
VT 6
NONE
VT BIP (CV-V)
TU RDI / LP-RDI
TUG
RDI-V
VT Group
TUG2
VT Group (12 columns)
VT Group (86 columns)
VT superframe
VT AIS (AIS-V)
SPE
TUG3
TU multiframe
TU PATH AIS
VC
VC4
STS3C SPE
Virtual Container (VC)
Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE)
NOTE: VC is an ETSI abbreviation for Virtual Container and an ETSI /
ANSI abbreviation for (ATM) Virtual Channel. The context of VC must
therefore be taken into account when converting between standards.
172
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Index
A
drop, 65
insert, 65
DCC Insert test function, 65
Delay time, jitter tolerance, 90
Delete
spare bits, 53
Alarm scan
DSn, 83
SONET, 82
structured test signal receive, 39
structured test signal transmit, 37
transmit interface, 2
Dumping display to disk, 161
Dwell time, jitter tolerance, 90
Alarms & errors
DSn add, 50
directory, 138
DSn payload add, 50
SONET add, 49
Analysis measurement
DSn, 71
DSn payload, 71
SONET, 70
APS messages
generation, 64
monitoring, 25
test function, 64
Automatic protection switch
message generation, 64
Autotolerance, 89
file, 137
Directory
create, 133
delete, 138
management, 133
Disk
accessing a directory, 134
accessing files, 134
adding descriptors to files, 139
E
Error Burst Definition
Service Disruption, 78
Error Indication
Audio setting, 157
Error threshold indication
setting, 159
Error threshold, jitter tolerance, 90
copy configuration from instrument, 146 Errors & alarms
copy configuration to instrument, 148
copy graphics results from instrument,
150
DSn add, 50
DSn payload add, 50
SONET add, 49
create directory, 133
delete directory, 138
delete file, 137
format a disk, 131
label a disk, 132
managing directories, 133
managing files, 133
recall configuration, 144
recall graphics results, 145
rename a file, 136
save data logging, 142
save graphics results, 140
Drop
Errors and alarms DSn test function, 50
Errors and alarms SONET test function, 49
Extended jitter
measurement, 86
receive interface, 19
B
B/G mapping selection SONET, 5
Background mapping selection SONET, 5
Background Patterns, 168
Beep on received error, 157
External
payload/test signal drop, 46
payload/test signal insert, 43
External printer
C
Capture overhead, 29
Centronics printer, 116
Color control for error threshold indica-
tion, 159
connecting to parallel port, 121
F
Confidence tests, 164
Configuration
F/G mapping selection SONET, 5
File
DCC, 65
copy from disk to instrument, 148
copy from instrument to disk, 146
recall from disk, 144
recall from instrument, 130
store in instrument, 128
store on disk, 143
external payload/test signal, 46
DSn
alarm scan, 83
analysis measurement, 71
errors & alarms, 50
external test signal drop, 46
external test signal insert, 43
frequency measurement, 72
frequency offset, 33
N X 64 kb/s payload transmit, 40
N X 64 kb/s test signal receive, 42
N X 64 kb/s test signal transmit, 40
payload, receive, 16
accessing, 134
delete, 137
descriptors, 139
management, 133
rename, 136
Foreground mapping selection SONET, 5
Format a disk, 131
Frequency measurement, 72
Frequency offset
DSn, 33
Copy configuration
from disk to instrument, 148
from instrument to disk, 146
Coupling, 154
Create directory, 133
SONET, 31
SONET line rate, 31
SONET tributary, 32
D
Date & time, 155
DCC
payload, transmit, 3
receive interface, 15
173
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Index
G
delay time, 94
dwell time, 94
M2120 analysis measurement, 71
Managing
disk directories, 133
disk files, 133
G.821 analysis measurement, 71
G.826 analysis measurement, 71
Graphics
graph results, 96
input mask, 94
logging results, 114
measurement, 92
number of points, 94
Q factor, 94
copy results from instrument to disk, 150
logging displays, 105
recall results from disk, 145
recall stored results, 99
Measuring
DSn analysis, 71
extended jitter, 86
frequency, 72
saving results to disk, 140
saving to instrument, 98
storage resolution, 98
viewing error & alarm summaries, 103
viewing the bar graphs, 101
jitter, 84
jitter tolerance, 89
jitter transfer, 92
optical power, 73
overhead BER, 68
round trip delay, 74
service disruption, 77
SONET analysis, 70
wander, 87
K
Keyboard lock, 156
L
Labeling a disk, 132
Labels, overhead monitoring, 25
Line overhead
H
H4 byte
sequence setting, 23
HP path label monitoring, 25
HP-IB printer, 117
insertion, 27
Lock keyboard, 156
Logging
Monitor
equalizer, 15
content, 108
indicator, 15
I
control, 108
device, 109, 110
error event, 107
receive overhead, 24
MSP messages
generation, 64
Insert
DCC, 65
external payload/test signal, 43
Internal printer
change paper, 122
logging, 118
graph displays, 105
jitter tolerance results, 112
jitter transfer results, 114
on Demand, 110
Overhead Capture, 110
overhead snapshot, 110
Pointer Graph, 110
result logged, 108
results, 107
results snapshot, 110
selftest failures, 110
SONET Tributary Scan, 110
test period, 107
to Centronics printer, 116
to disk, 142
to HP-IB printer, 117
to internal printer, 118
to RS-232-C printer, 119
when, 108
monitoring, 25
test function, 64
O
print head cleaning, 125
Optical
clock stress, 63
power measurement, 73
Overhead
all labels, 23
APS messages monitoring, 25
BER test, 68
capture, 29
default transmit, 22
H4 byte sequences, 23
Labels monitoring, 25
monitor receive, 24
path monitor, 25
path transmit, 23
sequence generation, 27
TOH transmit, 23
trace messages, 26
transmit, 22
J
J1, J2 bytes
setting, 23
Jitter
measurement, 84, 86
receive interface, 18, 19
transmit interface, 7
Jitter tolerance
delay time, 90
dwell time, 90
error threshold, 90
graph result, 91
logging results, 112
measurement, 89
number of points, 90
text result, 91
Jitter transfer
LOH
insertion, 27
Overhead capture
trigger, 29
Overhead capture test function, 29
M
accuracy, 92
calibration, 93
M2100 analysis measurement, 71
M2110 analysis measurement, 71
174
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Index
Overhead sequence
repeat run, 27
Printing results from disk, 120
SONET
alarm scan, 82
single run, 27
analysis measurement, 70
APS messages, 64
R
Recall
configuration from disk, 144
configuration from instrument, 130
graphics results from disk, 145
stored graph results, 99
Receive interface
DSn, 15
DCC insert, 65
P
Paper change
internal printer, 122
Parallel port
errors & alarms add, 49
external payload drop, 46
frequency measurement, 72
frequency offset, 31
connecting Centronics printer, 121
Path overhead
line rate offset, 31
capture and display, 29
insertion, 27
extended jitter, 19
jitter, 18, 19
Mapping selection, 5
MSP messages, 64
Payload
analysis measurement, 71
DSn receive, 16
SONET, 17
wander, 20
N X 64 kb/s payload receive, 42
optical clock stress, 63
optical power measurement, 73
overhead BER test, 68
overhead capture, 29
overhead monitor, 24
overhead sequences, 27
overhead trace messages, 26
overhead transmit, 22
payload, receive, 17
Receive settings
Coupled to transmit, 154
Rename a file, 136
Round trip delay, 74
RS-232-C
DSn transmit, 3
errors & alarms, 50
framing SONET transmit, 5
framing, SONET receive, 17
insert external, 43
N X 64 kb/s receive, 42
N X 64 kb/s transmit, 40
SONET receive, 17, 39
SONET transmit, 5, 37
spare bits, 53
logging to printer, 119
S
S1 sync status monitoring, 25
Save
payload, transmit, 5
pointer adjustments, 54
pointer graph, 61
configuration to disk, 143
data logging to disk, 142
graphics results to disk, 140
graphics results to instrument, 98
Screen dump to disk, 161
Self Test
POH
receive interface, 17
capture and display, 29
insertion, 27
monitor, 25
service disruption measurement, 77
structured payload receive, 39
structured payload transmit, 37
thru mode, 11
setting, 23
Pointer adjustments
burst, 54
new pointer, 54
confidence tests, 164
Self test, 163
Sequence generation test function, 27
Sequences
transmit interface, 4
tributary rate offset, 32
tributary scan, 80
offset, 55
Spare bits, 53
Pointer adjustments test function, 54
Pointer graph, 61
Pointer graph test function, 61
Print head cleaning, 125
Printer
Overhead generation, 27
service disruption
DS1 and DS3, 78
Service disruption measurement, 77
Setting up Signaling Bits, 34
Short term period selection, 69
Spare bits test function, 53
Store
configuration in instrument, 128
configuration on disk, 143
Stress test test function, 63
STS-1 SPE Background Patterns, 168
Suspending Test on Signal Loss, 158
Suspending test on signal loss, 158
Synchronization source
DSn, 2
Centronics, 116
Centronics, connecting to parallel port, Signal Loss
121
suspending test on, 158
Signaling Bits
D4 and SLC-96 payloads, 76
ESF Payload, 76
Monitoring, 76
Centronics, logging to, 116
HP-IB, logging to, 117
internal, changing paper, 122
internal, cleaning print head, 125
internal, logging to, 118
RS-232-C, logging to, 119
SONET, 4
Signaling bits
setting up, 34
T
Test function
175
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Index
APS messages, 64
DCC insert, 65
Wander reference
DSn, 2
errors & alarms DSn, 50
errors & alarms SONET, 49
MSP messages, 64
overhead BER test, 68
overhead capture, 29
pointer adjustments, 54
pointer graph, 61
SONET, 4
sequence generation, 27
spare bits, 53
stress test, 63
tributary scan, 80
Test period selection, 69
Test signal
drop external, 46
insert external, 43
N X 64kb/s receive, 42
N X 64kb/s transmit, 40
Test Timing, 69
Threshold indication setting, 159
Thru mode SONET, 11
Time & date, 155
TOH
Setting, 23
Trace messages, 26
Transmit interface
DSn, 2
jitter, 7
SONET, 4
wander, 9
Transmit settings
Coupled to Receive, 154
Tributary scan, 80
V
Viewing
bar graphs, 101
graphics error & alarm summaries, 103
Voice channel
round trip delay, 74
W
Wander
bar graph, 88
measurement, 87
receive interface, 20
transmit interface, 9
176
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About This Edition
This is the 2nd edition of
the DSn/SONET Users
Guide. It documents the
product as of December
1998. Edition dates are as
follows:
1st Edition, Sept. 1998
2nd Edition, Dec. 1998
Copyright Hewlett-
Packard Ltd. 1998. All
rights reserved.
Reproduction, adaption, or
translation without prior
written permission is
prohibited, except as
allowed under the
copyright laws.
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In This Book
This book tells you how to select and use
the various instrument functions available.
Printed in U.K. 12/98
37718-90022
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