HP Hewlett Packard Computer Drive Ultrium Tape Drive User Manual

HP Ultrium tape drives  
Technical reference manual  
Generation 3 drives  
Volume 5Unix configuration guide  
Part number: Q1538–90925 Volume 5  
Edition 6.1, December 2004  
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Documents specific to HP Ultrium drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
General documents and standardization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
5
8
Backup Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
Creating the Device Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
W hat Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
HP Alpha UNIX 5.x. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19  
W hat Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  
Determining the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  
Determining the SCSI ID (Linux) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  
Configuring on Linux Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  
Using the Seek and Tell Features of mt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
W hat Next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
6 Sun Systems, Solaris 8, 9, 10  
Determining the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
Configuring the Device Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28  
HP-Data Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
Contents  
3
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Verifying the Installation of the Drive (UNIX). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
To verify the installation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
Example: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35  
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
4
Contents  
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The purpose of this manual  
This is one of six volumes that document HP Ultrium drives. This volume provides background  
information for driver and application developers. The following products are covered.  
Capacities are when the drive is using data compression with a compression ratio of 2:1,  
where applicable:  
HP Ultrium Generation 3 Full-Height SCSI Internal Drive  
HP Ultrium Generation 3 Full-Height FC Internal Drive  
NOTE: Throughout this manual frequent reference is made to SCSI commands. For more  
information on SCSI commands for HP Ultrium drives see volume 3, The SCSI Interface, of the  
HP Ultrium Technical Reference Manual set. Ordering details are given below.  
Related documents  
The following documents provide additional information:  
Documents specific to HP Ultrium drives  
Hardware Integration Guide, volume 1 of the HP Ultrium Technical Reference Manual  
Software Integration Guide, volume 2 of the HP Ultrium Technical Reference Manual  
The SCSI Interface, volume 3 of the HP Ultrium Technical Reference Manual  
Specifications, volume 4 of the HP Ultrium Technical Reference Manual  
Background to Ultrium Drives, volume 6 of the HP Ultrium Technical Reference Manual  
Please contact your HP supplier for copies.  
The features and benefits of HP Ultrium drives are discussed in the HP Ultrium Technology  
White Paper.  
For a general background to LTO technology and licensing, go to http:/ / www.lto-  
technology.com.  
Documentation map  
The following will help you locate information in the 6-volume Technical Reference Manual:  
The purpose of this manual  
5
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Drives—general  
SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
Connectors  
1 HW Integration: ch. 7 1 HW Integration: ch. 4  
6 Background: ch. 4  
Controller architecture  
Front Panel LEDs  
1 HW Integration: ch. 6 1 HW Integration: ch. 3  
6 Background: ch. 3  
Mechanism and hardware  
Specifications  
4 Specs  
Installation and configuration  
SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
Connectors  
1 HW Integration: ch. 7 1 HW Integration: ch. 4  
2 SW Integration: ch. 2 2 SW Integration: ch. 2  
Determining the configuration  
External drives (SCSI only)  
In Libraries  
1 HW Integration: ch. 5  
n/ a  
1 HW Integration: ch. 1  
In Servers (SCSI only)  
In Tape Arrays (SCSI only)  
Modes of Usage (SCSI only)  
1 HW Integration: ch. 4  
1 HW Integration: ch. 3  
1 HW Integration: ch. 8  
n/ a  
n/ a  
n/ a  
n/ a  
Optimizing performance (SCSI only) 1 HW Integration: ch. 8  
2 SW Integration: ch. 4  
5 UNIX Config  
UNIX configuration  
Operation  
SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
External drives (SCSI only)  
In Libraries  
1 HW Integration: ch. 5  
n/ a  
1 HW Integration: ch. 1  
In Servers (SCSI only)  
In Tape Arrays (SCSI only)  
1 HW Integration: ch. 4  
1 HW Integration: ch. 3  
n/ a  
n/ a  
Cartridges  
SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM)  
Cartridges  
2 SW Integration: ch. 5  
6 HW Integration: ch. 5  
1 HW Integration: ch. 9 1 HW Integration: ch. 5  
6
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SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
Features  
6 HW Integration: ch. 5  
Managing the use of cartridges  
Use of cartridges  
2 SW Integration: ch. 1  
2 SW Integration: ch. 3  
Interface  
SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
SCSI Guide  
3 SCSI  
3 SCSI: ch. 4  
Commands  
Error codes  
1 HW Integration: ch. 10 1 HW Integration: ch. 6  
3 SCSI: ch. 1  
Implementation  
Interpreting sense data  
Messages  
2 SW Integration: ch. 3  
3 SCSI: ch. 2  
Mode pages  
3 SCSI: ch. 4  
—see the MODE SENSE command  
Pre-execution checks  
3 SCSI: ch. 3  
2 SW Integration: ch. 6  
3 SCSI: ch. 4  
Responding to Sense Keys and ASC/ Q  
Sense Keys and ASC/ Q  
—see REQUEST SENSE command  
Maintenance and troubleshooting  
SCSI Drives  
2 SW Integration: ch. 5  
2 SW Integration: ch. 7  
1 HW Integration: ch. 5 n/ a  
1 HW Integration: ch. 1  
FC Drives  
Cleaning  
External drives (SCSI only)  
In Libraries  
In Servers (SCSI only)  
1 HW Integration: ch. 4  
1 HW Integration: ch. 3  
n/ a  
n/ a  
In Tape Arrays (SCSI only)  
Monitoring drive and tape condition  
Software troubleshooting techniques  
2 SW Integration: ch. 7  
2 SW Integration: ch. 1  
Dealing with errors  
SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
Error Codes  
1 HW Integration: ch. 10 1 HW Integration: ch. 6  
Related documents  
7
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SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
Handling errors  
2 SW Integration: ch. 5  
How error correction works  
Logs—see the LOG SENSE command  
Recovering from write and read errors  
Software response to error correction  
Software response to logs  
TapeAlert log  
6 Background: ch. 4  
3 SCSI: ch. 4  
2 SW Integration: ch. 7  
2 SW Integration: ch. 3  
2 SW Integration: ch. 3  
2 SW Integration: ch. 7  
Ultrium features  
SCSI Drives  
FC Drives  
Adaptive Tape Speed (ATS)  
Autoload  
6 Background: ch. 1  
1 HW Integration: ch. 2  
Automation Control Interface (ACI)  
1 HW Integration: ch. 2  
6 Background: ch. 1  
Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM)  
1 HW Integration: ch. 2  
2 SW Integration: ch. 5  
6 HW Integration: ch. 5  
Data Compression, how it works  
Data Compression, managing  
Design principles  
6 Background: ch. 5  
2 SW Integration: ch. 5  
6 Background: ch. 1  
OBDR and CD-ROM emulation  
6 Background: ch. 1  
2 SW Integration: ch. 7  
Performance optimization  
1 HW Integration: ch. 8  
n/ a  
2 SW Integration: ch. 1  
2 SW Integration: ch. 4  
2 SW Integration: ch. 1  
2 SW Integration: ch. 5  
6 Background: ch. 2  
Performance, factors affecting  
Software design  
Supporting Ultrium features  
Ultrium Format  
General documents and standardization  
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI-1), ANSI X3.131-1986. This is the ANSI authorized  
standard for SCSI implementation, available through ANSI  
Enhanced Small Computer System Interface (SCSI-2), ANSI X3T9.2-1993 Rev. 10L,  
available through ANSI  
8
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Copies of General Documents can be obtained from:  
ANSI  
11 West 42nd Street  
New York, NY 10036 -8002  
USA  
ISO  
ECMA  
CP 56  
CH-1211 Geneva 20  
Switzerland  
114 Rue du Rhône  
CH-1204 Geneva  
Switzerland  
Tel: +41 22 849 6000  
Global Engineering Documents  
2805 McGaw  
Irvine, CA 92714  
USA  
Tel: 800 854 7179 or 714 261 1455  
Related documents  
9
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1 Introduction  
The Purpose of this Manual  
This manual provides basic information on configuring the drives with various operating  
systems.  
Please see the top-level release notes that accompany the drive for expected functionality and  
features.  
Ultrium drives are supported on the following platforms:  
HP UNIX systems (HP-UX) (Chapter 2)  
HP Alpha UNIX (Chapter 3)  
IBM (AIX) (Chapter 4)  
Linux (Chapter 5)  
Sun Systems, Solaris 8, 9, 10 (Chapter 6)  
For platforms not mentioned here, please contact HP because there may be new connectivity  
details available that arrived after the release notes were published.  
See Chapter 7 for details of how to verify the installation.  
Ultrium Drives in a Library  
Ultrium drives may also be used in a library. However, instructions about installing device  
drivers for automatic robotics are not included in this manual.  
Backup Applications  
For optimum performance it is important to use a backup application that supports the drive’s  
features within your system’s configuration. Please see the “Getting Started Guide” for more  
information about usage models.  
The following applications are suitable for use within an enterprise environment and have been  
tested with Ultrium drives. They use the operating system’s standard, built-in device drivers, as  
The Purpose of this Manual 11  
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described in this manual. For further information about optimizing performance and making  
full use of the drive’s functions, please contact the software manufacturer or HP  
HP-UX  
yes  
AIX  
yes  
yes  
yes  
Sun, Solaris  
Linux  
yes  
1
HP Omniback  
yes  
yes  
yes  
Legato Networker  
Veritas NetBackup  
yes  
yes  
2
yes  
yes  
1. Cell Manager is only available on HP-UX or Windows  
2. Redhat Server only (not Caldera, Suse, and so on)  
12  
Introduction  
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2 HP-UXSystems  
HP Servers and Workstations—HP-UX 11.x  
NOTE: HP-UX 10.x is only supported by Generation 1 Ultrium drives.  
Introduction  
Before you install your tape drive log on to the HP web site, www.hp.com, and download the  
latest hardware enablement patch bundle for your operating system. This ensures that you will  
have the correct device driver for your tape drive.  
Determining the SCSI ID  
Before you configure your system to support your new HP Ultrium drive, you need to determine  
what SCSI ID to use. The SCSI ID must be unique for each device attached to the SCSI bus. To  
list the existing devices, use the following command:  
% /sbin/ioscan -f  
The output of this should look similar to the following example:  
Class  
I H/W Path  
Driver  
S/W State H/W Type Description  
=================================================================================  
bc  
0
root  
bc  
GSCtoPCI  
c720  
tgt  
CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS  
bc  
1 8  
CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Psudo Bus Converter  
CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS GSCtoPCI Bridge  
CLAIMED INTERFACE SCSI C895 Ultra2 Wide LVD  
CLAIMED DEVICE  
ba  
0 8/0  
ext_bus  
target  
ctl  
1 8/0/2/0  
0 8/0/2/0.7  
1 8/0/2/0.7.0 sctl  
CLAIMED DEVICE  
CLAIMED INTERFACE PCI(10110019) -- Built-in #1  
bus_adapter CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Core I/O Adapter  
Initiator  
lan  
0 8/0/20/0  
1 8/16  
btlan3  
ba  
tty  
0 8/16/4  
2 8/16/5  
1 8/16/5.5  
asio0  
c720  
tgt  
CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in RS-232C  
CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in SCSI  
CLAIMED DEVICE  
ext_bus  
target  
disk  
target  
ctl  
0 8/16/5.5.0 sdisk  
2 8/16/5.7 tgt  
2 8/16/5.7.0 sctl  
CLAIMED DEVICE  
CLAIMED DEVICE  
CLAIMED DEVICE  
SEAGATE ST34573N  
Initiator  
CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor  
CLAIMED MEMORY Memory  
processor 0 62  
memory 0 63  
processor  
memory  
After you have installed the new tape drive, you can check that it has been attached  
successfully. From a shell window (hpterm/xterm), execute ioscanto display the list of  
attached devices.  
HP Servers and Workstations—HP-UX 11.x 13  
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For an HP Ultrium drive, execute the following:  
% /sbin/ioscan -f | grep "Ultrium"  
The new lines should look similar to the following, where the 4in the Ifield represents the  
instance of the SCSI tape driver, not the SCSI ID:  
tape  
4 2/0/1.5.0 stape  
CLAIMED  
DEVICE  
HP  
Ultrium 3-SCSI  
NOTE: If you are installing the drive onto a Storage Area Network (SAN), the fibre channel/  
SCSI bridge will also appear in the list of attached devices.  
If you cannot find the Ultrium drive, this may be because the kernel does not contain the  
correct driver. Use the System Administration Manager (sam) to add stapeto the kernel:  
To add stapeto the kernel using sam:  
1. % sam  
2. Select the following:  
Kernel Configuration  
Drivers  
3. Highlight the stapedriver. If the driver has not been added to the kernel, both Current State  
and Pending State will read “Out”.  
4. Select the following:  
Actions  
Add Driver to Kernel  
The Pending State will now read In”.  
5. To add the new driver to the kernel, select:  
Actions  
Create a New Kernel  
6. The stapedriver will now be added to the kernel and then the system will reboot.  
Creating the Device Files  
Once you have verified the tape drive connection, you will need to create the appropriate  
device files for the drive. Normally, you would have rebooted your system after attaching the  
tape drive, and this process runs insf. However, if you have not rebooted your system since  
attaching the drive, you can create device files by one of two ways, either through the System  
Administration Manager (sam), or by executing the mksfcommand.  
To add device files using sam:  
This is the recommended and simplest way to create device files.  
14  
HP-UX Systems  
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1. % sam  
This will bring up the graphical user interface for the utility.  
2. Select the following:  
Peripheral Devices  
Tape Drives  
samwill then scan the system for any tape drives connected.  
When an HP Ultrium Generation 3 drive is found, it will be displayed as:  
Hardware Path  
===========================================================  
8/0/2/0.3.0 stape HP Ultrium 3-SCSI  
Driver  
Description  
3. Highlight the Ultrium drive and select the following from the tool bar:  
Actions  
Create Device Files  
Create Default Device Files  
This will create default device files for the drive. To view the device files that have been  
created, select:  
Actions  
Create Device Files  
Show Device Files  
where:  
Device File  
<I>  
Description  
is the instance number of the drive:  
<I>m  
AT&T encoding, rewind driver  
AT&T encoding, non-rewind driver  
Berkeley encoding, rewind driver  
Berkeley encoding, rewind driver  
<I>mn  
<I>mb  
<I>mnb  
<X>  
<Y>  
<Z>  
is the card number,  
is the target number,  
is the LUN number:  
cXtYbZBEST  
Best compression driver, AT&T encoding, with rewind  
Best compression driver, Berkeley encoding, with rewind  
Best compression driver, AT&T encoding, non-rewind  
Best compression driver, Berkeley encoding, non-rewind  
cXtYbZBESTb  
cXtYbZBESTn  
cXtYbZBESTnb  
4. When you have exited sam, run ioscanto see the tape drive:  
%/sbin/ioscan -C tape -fn  
HP Servers and Workstations—HP-UX 11.x 15  
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To create device files using mksf:  
NOTE: This method is not recommended.  
1. Run insfas follows:  
% /sbin/insf -C tape  
2. Create the device files for the devices using the mksfcommand as follows:  
% /sbin/mksf -d stape -I <instance> [-n] [-u] /dev/rmt/X<name>  
where:  
Argument  
-d stape  
Description  
Specifies the SCSI tape driver  
-I <instance>  
Specifies the tape drive’s hardware address via the instance of the SCSI tape  
driver. The first instance is 0, the second 1, and so on.  
[-n]  
[-u]  
Specifies no rewind; absence of this parameter indicates rewind mode  
Specifies Berkeley mode; absence of this parameter indicates AT&T mode.  
Berkeley and AT&T modes differ in their read-only close behavior:  
In Berkeley mode, the tape position will remain unchanged by a device  
close operation.  
In AT&T mode, a device close operation will cause the tape to be  
repositioned just after the next tape filemark (the start of the next file).  
In most cases, Berkeley mode should be used.  
/dev/rmt/X<name> Specifies the path of the device file, where:  
Specifies the tape device identifier. Use the next available  
X
identifier. You can examine the contents of /dev/rmtusing the  
lscommand to determine which identifiers have already been  
used.  
<name> Specifies the short name (in HP-UX 9.x-style) of the device file:  
mnb No rewind, compression disabled, Berkeley-mode device  
hnb No rewind, compression disabled, Berkeley-mode device  
mnb No rewind, compression disabled, Berkeley-mode device  
hnb No rewind, compression enabled, Berkeley-mode device  
See the man page (man 1m mksf) for other options of the mksfcommand. The stapesection  
covers the SCSI tape driver options. The man page man 7 mtdescribes the long filenames used  
in HP-UX 10.x and later.  
Example:  
To create a device file with the following characteristics:  
16  
HP-UX Systems  
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A hardware address specified by instance 5 (-I 5)  
No rewind (-n)  
Berkeley mode tape positioning on close (-u)  
A filename of 4mnb, where 4is the tape device identifier (/dev/rmt/4mnb)  
You would execute the following:  
% /sbin/mksf -d stape -I 4 -n -u /dev/rmt/4mnb  
You can check that the appropriate device file was created using the lssfcommand as  
follows:  
% /sbin/lssf /dev/rmt/4mnb  
This should produce the following output to show that the device file now exists:  
stape card instance 0 SCSI target 6 SCSI LUN 0 berkeley no rewind  
BEST density at address 2/0/1.6.0 /dev/rmt/4mnb  
To create a device file for Ultrium in uncompressed mode, you should use a command such as:  
mksf -H -a -b U_18  
and for compressed mode (default):  
mksf -H -a -b U_18C  
The hardware path can be found from previous ioscanoutput.  
What Next?  
Once the device files have been created, you should confirm that your new tape drive is  
working properly. Chapter 7, “Verifying the Installation” provides instructions on backing up  
and restoring a sample file to test your installation.  
What Next? 17  
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18  
HP-UX Systems  
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3 HP Alpha UNIX  
HP Alpha UNIX 5.x  
1. Add the following entry to your /dev/ddr.dbasefile:  
SCSIDEVICE  
Type = tape  
Name = “HP” “Ultrium”  
#
PARAMETERS:  
TypeSubClass  
BlockSize  
= lto  
= 262144  
= 0  
# Linear Tape Open  
TagQueueDepth  
MaxTransferSize  
= 0xffffff # 16Mb - 1  
# Seconds  
ReadyTimeSeconds = 120  
SyncTransfers  
WideTransfers  
InquiryLength  
= enabled  
= enabled  
= 0x20  
DENSITY:  
DensityNumber  
OneFileMarkOnClose = yes  
= 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7  
DensityCode  
Blocking  
= 0x44  
= 0  
CompressionCode  
Buffered  
= 1  
= 1  
Speed  
= 0  
MODESELECT:  
ModeSelectNumber = 0  
SavePage  
= No  
PageFormat  
= scsi2  
= yes  
= 16  
BlockDescriptor  
TransferLength  
Hdr.Tape.BufferMode = 0x1  
Hdr.MediumType = 0  
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Data.UBYTE[0]  
Data.UBYTE[1]  
Data.UBYTE[2]  
Data.UBYTE[3]  
= 0x3D # Vendor Unique Page Code 3D  
= 0x02  
= 0x01  
= 0x00  
2. Rebuild the kernel by running /sbin/ddr_config, then reboot the system with the tape  
drive attached. The device files for the Ultrium drive will be generated in /dev/tape and /  
dev/ntapewhen you reboot.  
3. The names of the device files can be interpreted as follows:  
Devices in the /dev/ntape directory are “no-rewind” devices. Those in /dev/tapewill do  
a rewind on close.  
The device files then have the syntax: tapeX_dn  
For example, /dev/ntape/tape66_d1 is a device file for device 66, no-rewind using  
density number 1. Since all density numbers have the same parameters it does not matter  
which density number file is used.  
What Next?  
Once the device files have been created, you should confirm that your new tape drive is working  
properly. Chapter 7, “Verifying the Installation” provides instructions on backing up and restoring  
a sample file to test your installation.  
20  
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4 IBM (AIX)  
Determining the SCSI ID  
Before you configure your system to support your Ultrium drive, you need to determine which  
SCSI ID to use. IDs must be unique for each device attached to the SCSI bus. To list the existing  
devices, use the following command:  
% lsdev -C |grep SCSI  
This will produce output that looks similar to:  
scsi0 Available 00-00-0S Standard SCSI I/O Controller  
hdisk0 Available 10-60-00-0,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive  
rmt1 Defined 00-00-0S-2,0 Other SCSI Tape Drive  
The SCSI ID is in the series 00-00-0S-X,0, where X is the SCSI ID. Review the list of existing  
SCSI IDs and choose an available ID to assign to the new tape drive.  
Configuring the Device Files  
To install an HP Ultrium drive on an IBM workstation you will need to create the appropriate  
device files for the drive.  
NOTE: Do not choose the smit option of “4mm2gbas the Tape Device Type. This is reserved  
for Connor drives. If you use it with HP drives, you will get the error “Device to be  
configured does not match the physical device at the specified connection  
location.  
To change to variable block mode, use the following procedure:  
1. If you are using a graphics terminal running X-Windows, then at a Windows terminal, type:  
smit tape  
If you are using a non-graphics terminal, at the command line type:  
% smit -C tape  
2. If no device has been configured at this address before, select “add a tape drive” to set  
up the address. From the pop-up window, select “ost” or “Other SCSI tape driveas the  
tape drive you wish to change and choose connection addresses as appropriate.  
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3. Select from the window: “change/show characteristics of a tape drive”  
4. From the pop-up window, select “ost” or “Other SCSI tape driveas the tape drive you  
wish to change. Do not choose “4mm2gb.  
5. Change the block size field to 0, and click on the “DO” button or press [Enter] to apply the  
change.  
HP Ultrium drives will work with tar, cpio, backup, restoreand dd. For systems other than the  
43P, the drive is also boot-capable, provided a boot tape is generated using mkszfileand  
mksysb.  
Once the device files have been created, you should confirm that your new tape drive is  
working properly. Chapter 7, “Verifying the Installation” provides instructions on backing up  
and restoring a sample file to test your installation.  
Device Filenames under AIX  
Use device filenames as listed below for the combination of Rewind on Close, Retension on  
Open, and Compression that you want:  
Filename  
Rewind on Close  
Retension on Open  
Compression  
enabled  
enabled  
enabled  
enabled  
disabled  
disabled  
disabled  
disabled  
/dev/rmtn  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
No  
No  
No  
Yes  
Yes  
No  
No  
Yes  
Yes  
/dev/rmtn.1  
/dev/rmtn.2  
/dev/rmtn.3  
/dev/rmtn.4  
/dev/rmtn.5  
/dev/rmtn.6  
/dev/rmtn.7  
The nin the filename is the instance number assigned to the drive by the operating system,  
where 0 is the first device, 1 is the second and so on.  
Rewind on Close  
Retension on Open  
Compression  
Normally, the drive repositions the tape to BOT (Beginning of Tape) when  
the device file is closed. Using the no rewind option is useful when creating  
and reading tapes that contain multiple files.  
Retensioning consists of winding to EOT (End of Tape) and then rewinding  
to BOT, in order to reduce errors. If this option is selected, the tape is  
positioned at BOT as part of the open process.  
Compression can be disabled or enabled.  
22  
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5 Linux  
Determining the SCSI ID (Linux)  
Look at the output of dmesgto find out what SCSI channel number is used for each connection.  
To find out the SCSI IDs in use on each channel, type:  
cat /proc/scsi/scsi  
This will produce output similar to the following for each device:  
Attached Devices  
Host: SCSI0 Channel: 00 Id:00 Lun:00  
Vendor: HP Model ------------  
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI Revision 02  
Look at the ID information to establish which IDs are in use.  
Configuring on Linux Systems  
No changes are needed to support Ultrium on Linux platforms, however you should ensure that  
you have the relevant drivers loaded.  
To see the device drivers loaded currently, execute an lsmodcommand, this will give output  
like:  
Module  
sgm  
Size  
Used by  
4376  
1
0
1
1
0
1
ide-scsi  
lockd  
sunrpc  
st  
7200  
30792  
53316  
24656  
sym53c8xx 52096  
aic7xxx  
136184 2  
The lines of interest here are:  
st  
This is the tape driver. Its presence in the output of the lsmodcommand shows  
that the tape driver is loaded.  
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sym53c8xx  
aic7xxx  
This is a SCSI chipset driver for the LSI Logic family of HBAs (amongst others).  
This is a SCSI chipset driver for the Adaptec 7xxx chipset family (such as  
Adaptec 29160LP).  
Latest SCSI controller drivers for Linux will be available from the manufacturer’s web site.  
In order to communicate with a tape device, the operating system needs to have drivers for the  
tape and the underlying transport mechanism (the host bus adaptor) loaded. Ensure that both  
are available as either loadable modules (for example, usable with insmodand visible with  
lsmod) or are statically built into your kernel.  
NOTE: In order to add drivers to the statically built kernel you need the Linux source code  
available on disk and knowledge of how to use the kernel building tools that ship with various  
Linux distributions. This should not be attempted by novice users.  
In order to determine if the drive has been detected by the tape driver at module load time,  
execute:  
dmesg | grep "st"  
This should find a number of lines. One should look like:  
Detected SCSI tape st0 at scsi1, channel 0, id 5, lun 0  
To load the tape driver module if it is not loaded as above, execute:  
insmod st  
to load it. This should happen naturally if your system is rebooted after attaching the drive.  
When the STdriver module has been added, a list of tape device files will be created  
automatically. They reside in the /dev/directory and have the syntax:  
/dev/stp or dev/nstp  
where:  
p
n
is the instance number of the device file. (If only one drive is connected to the system, this will  
be 0.)  
indicates that this is a no-rewind driver.  
In order to enable large transfers under Linux (>64 KB per write), edit the file  
/usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/st_options.hand change the definition of  
ST_BUFFER_BLOCKS.  
24  
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If you want requests to space to end of data to be faster, you should also enable  
ST_FAST_MTEOMin the same file. After changing this file, rebuild the modules and install the  
new binary. At the very least, this requires:  
make modules  
make modules_install  
from the /usr/src/linuxdirectory. See your kernel documentation.  
Using the Seek and Tell Features of mt  
In order to use the seek and tell features of mt, you must tell the stdriver that HP Ultrium drives  
use logical block addressing.  
You can do this by using the command:  
mt -f <device file> stsetoptions scsi2logical  
where /dev/stpis the device file.  
Note however that this information is not preserved across reboots, so you need to execute this  
command each time the system comes up. The stinitutility offers a convenient way of  
handling this; see the relevant manpage for more information. If you use this approach, set the  
manufacturer parameter to HPand the model to “Ultrium 3-SCSI.  
What Next?  
Once the device files have been created, you should confirm that your new tape drive is  
working properly. Chapter 7, “Verifying the Installation” provides instructions on backing up  
and restoring a sample file to test your installation.  
What Next? 25  
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26  
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6 Sun Systems, Solaris 8, 9, 10  
Determining the SCSI ID  
Before you configure your system to support an HP Ultrium drive, you need to determine which  
SCSI ID to use. IDs must be unique for each device on attached to the SCSI bus.  
1. Use the modinfo command to identify SCSI controller drivers installed on the system:  
% modinfo | grep "HBA Driver"  
This will produce output similar to the following:  
106 780a0000 102b3 50 1 glm (GLM SCSI HBA Driver)  
110 780b4000 1272c 228 1 qus (isp10160 HBA Driver)  
For the adapter to which the new tape drive is attached, you will need to determine what  
SCSI IDs are already used.  
2. Determine the SCSI IDs of the existing devices attached to the SCSI controller:  
For all adapters:  
% dmesg | egrep ".*xxx.*target" | sort | uniq  
where xxx= the type of adapter (esp, glm, fas, qusor isp), as appropriate.  
For example, for an ESP-based adapter:  
% dmesg | egrep ".*esp.*target" | sort | uniq  
This produces a list similar to:  
sd0 at esp0: target 0 lun 0 sd6 at esp0: target 6 lun 0  
This indicates that SCSI IDs 0 and 6 are used for existing devices. SCSI ID 7 is generally  
used for the adapter itself. In this situation, you would use a SCSI ID from 1 to 5 for the new  
tape drive.  
Determining the SCSI ID 27  
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Configuring the Device Files  
Determine the device file by typing:  
% ls -l /dev/rmt/*m | grep "st@X"  
where Xis the SCSI ID. Identify the line for the tape drive. For example, if the drive was at SCSI  
ID 2, look for the line containing “st@2,0. This might be as follows (but on a single line):  
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63 Mar 1 00:00 /dev/rmt/0m  
../../devices/sbus@1f,0/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e, 8800000/st@2,0:m  
Here you could use /dev/rmt/0m(shown underlined above) as the device file.  
Only if necessary, make the following file modifications to enhance performance:  
1. In the file /kernel/drv/st.conf, after these lines:  
########  
# Copyright (c) 1992, by Sun Microsystems, Inc.  
#ident "@(#)st.conf  
1.6  
93/05/03 SMI"  
add the following depending on which version of operating system you are installing (there  
are 6 significant spaces between HP and Ultrium in line 2):  
for Solaris 8 without st patch:  
tape-config-list =  
"HP  
Ultrium 3","HP Ultrium LTO 3","HP_LTO_GEN_3";  
HP_LTO_GEN_3 = 1,0x36,0,0xd639,4,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,3;  
name="st" class="scsi"  
target=X lun=0;  
where Xis the SCSI target address of the device you have attached.  
for Solaris 9 and 10 (and 8 with st patch):  
tape-config-list =  
HP_LTO_GEN_3 = 2,0x3B,0,0x18659,4,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,3,60,1200,  
600,1200,600,600,18000;  
name="st" class="scsi"  
target=X lun=0;  
where Xis the SCSI target address of the device you have attached.  
See “HP-Data Valueson page 29 below for the values of the parameters in these lines.  
28  
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2. If you are replacing an existing tape device on the same SCSI ID, remove the contents of  
the /dev/rmtdirectory as follows:  
% cd /dev/rmt  
% rm *  
3. Do a reconfigure boot:  
% cd /  
% touch /reconfigure  
% sync;halt  
4. When the system is down, reboot:  
% boot -r  
Make sure you include the -rswitch, so that the device directory is reconfigured using the  
new data.  
5. You should now be able to use the drive.  
— Use /dev/rmt/Xcbif you require a compression rewind device file, where Xis the relevant  
device address.  
— Use /dev/rmt/Xcbnwhen you require a compression non-rewind device.  
Once the device files have been created, you should confirm that your new tape drive is  
working properly. Chapter 7, “Verifying the Installation” provides instructions on backing up  
and restoring a sample file to test your installation.  
HP-Data Values  
The values for HP_LTO_GEN_nand name, which provide normal LTO mode, have the following  
meanings:  
The syntax for HP_LTO_GEN_non Solaris 9 is:  
<drive type> = <version>, <type>, <bsize>, <options>,  
<no. of densities>, <density 0>, <density 1>,  
<density 2>,<density 3>, <default density>,  
<non-motion timeout>, <read/write timeout>,  
<rewind timeout>, <space timeout>, <load timeout>,  
<unload timeout>, <erase timeout>  
where:  
Parameter  
<version>  
<type>  
Value  
Meaning  
1or 2  
Indicates the format of the following parameters.  
0x36or The value for an Ultrium drive in /usr/include/sys/mtio.h. For  
0x3B  
Solaris 8, 0x36 indicates a type of MT_ISOTHER. Later versions of  
Solaris support the value 0x3B which indicates a type of MT_LTO.  
HP-Data Values 29  
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Parameter  
Value  
Meaning  
<bsize>  
0
Indicates variable block size.  
<options> 0xd639or This value is derived from constants provided in /usr/include/sys/  
0x18659 scsi/targets/stdef.h. The value determines which operations the  
driver can perform with the attached device by using a unique value for  
each feature and then adding them together to form the options value.  
Supported features will vary with OS revision, and may include the  
following:  
0x001 Device supports variable length records.  
0x008 Device can backspace over files (as in the ‘mt bsf’ option).  
0x010 Device supports backspace record (as in ‘mt bsr’).  
0x020 Device requires a long time-out period for erase functions.  
0x040 Device will automatically determine the tape density.  
0x0200 Device knows when end of data has been reached.  
0x0400 Device driver is unloadable.  
0x1000 Time-outs five times longer than normal.  
0x4000 Driver buffers write requests and pre-acknowledges success  
to application.  
0x8000 Variable record size not limited to 64 KB.  
0x10000 Device determines which of the two mode pages the device  
supports for selecting or deselecting compression.  
So 0xd639indicates variable record length, bsfand bsrenabled, long  
timeouts for erase, EOD recognition, Unloadable device driver, 5 x  
longer timeouts, buffer writes and pre-acknowledge sucess, variable  
records not limited to 64 KB, auto-density over-ride and MODE SELECT  
compression.  
<no. of  
4
There are four densities following in the parameter list.  
densities>  
<density n>  
0x00  
Creates a device file with compression disabled.  
<density 3> 0x40,  
The density code for data compression enabled by default.  
0x42or  
0x44  
<default  
density>  
3
Density 3 (0x44) is the default for Generation 3 drives.  
<X timeout>  
All timeouts are in seconds  
Values for the parameters for nameare as follows:  
Parameter  
target  
lun  
Value  
Meaning  
X
0
Xspecifies the SCSI ID (target) of the device.  
Specifies the LUN for the device.  
30  
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7 Verifying the Installation  
Verifying the Installation of the Drive (UNIX)  
As part of the installation process, you will have installed the appropriate device driver for your  
UNIX system, and created device files to communicate with the tape drive.  
This section describes how you can verify that the installation has been performed correctly.  
In outline, the procedure is as follows:  
1. Check the tape drive responds to a rewind command.  
2. Write test data to a tape.  
3. Read the test data from the tape.  
4. Compare the data read from the tape with the original data on disk.  
To verify the installation:  
1. Test the SCSI connection to the tape drive by doing a rewind operation:  
a. If there is a tape cartridge already in the drive, remove it.  
b. Insert a tape cartridge.  
c. Rewind the tape using the command line:  
% mt -f <device file> rewind  
For example, on HP-UX:  
% mt -f /dev/rmt/0mnb rewind  
If the command completes successfully, there will be no feedback. If it fails, you will see an  
error message on the console. The hardware installation may be faulty. Check the  
troubleshooting section of the User’s Guide for help in identifying the problem.  
2. Write a sample file to tape, using tar’:  
% cd /  
% tar cvf <device file> <file>  
The options to tarhave the following meanings:  
c
v
Create a new archive (backup file) on the device.  
Operate in verbose mode.  
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f
Specify the device file explicitly.  
The arguments follow the cvfoptions in the command line. Their values depend on the  
operating system; suggested values are given the appropriate operating system  
chapter.The arguments are as follows:  
<device file>  
<file>  
The name of the device file for the drive.  
Example: /dev/rmt/0m  
The name of the file to archive, prefixed with ‘./.  
Example: ./stand/vmunix  
NOTE: Make sure you prefix the file name with ‘.’ when you back it up to tape. If you do not,  
the restore operation in step 3 will overwrite the original copy on disk.  
3. Read the file back from tape:  
% cd /tmp  
% tar xvf <device file>  
The ‘x’ option to tarhere means “extract from the archive.  
Use the same value for the <device file> argument as in step 2.  
4. Compare the original with this retrieved file:  
% cmp <original file> /tmp/<retrieved file>  
This step compares the retrieved file and the original file byte by byte. If they are the same,  
there should be no output, and this verifies that the installation is correct. The arguments are  
as follows:  
<original file>  
<retrieved file>  
The name of the original file, prefixed with ‘/.  
Example: /stand/vmunix  
The name of the file retrieved from the archive.  
Example: stand/vmunix  
Example:  
Suppose you are verifying the installation of an HP Ultrium tape drive on an HP-UX 11.X  
system. The procedure would be as follows.:  
1. Change directory to root:  
% cd /  
2. Back up /stand/vmunixto tape:  
% tar cvf /dev/rmt/0m ./stand/vmunix  
Note the prefix of ‘.’ to the filename.  
32  
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3. Change to the temporary directory:  
% cd /tmp  
4. Extract the file from the tape:  
% tar xvf /dev/rmt/0m  
5. Compare the original with the restored version:  
% cmp /stand/vmunix /tmp/stand/vmunix  
Note that the original filename is not prefixed with ‘..  
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Glossary  
AT&T mode  
Berkeley and AT&T functional modes differ in “read-only” close functionality. In  
AT&T mode, a device close operation will cause the tape to be repositioned just  
after next filemark on the tape (the start of the next file).  
Berkeley mode  
Berkeley and AT&T functional modes differ in “read-only” close functionality. In  
Berkeley mode the tape position will remain unchanged by a device close  
operation.  
BOT  
Beginning Of Tape. The first point on the tape that can be accessed by the drive.  
buffered mode  
A mode of data transfer in write operations that facilitates tape streaming. It is  
selected by setting the Buffered Mode Field to 1 in the SCSI MODE SELECT  
Parameter List header.  
compression  
A procedure in which data is transformed by the removal of redundant information  
in order to reduce the number of bits required to represent the data. This is  
basically done by representing strings of bytes with codewords.  
In Ultrium drives, the data is compressed using the LTO-DC compression format  
which is based on ALDC (licensed from Stac/ IBM) with two enhancements. One  
limits the increase in size of data that cannot be compressed that ALDC produces.  
The other is the use of embedded codewords.  
data transfer phase On a SCSI bus, devices put in requests to be able to transfer information. Once a  
device is granted its request, it and the target to which it wants to send information  
can transfer the data using one of three protocols (assuming both devices support  
them): asynchronous, synchronous, and wide.  
In asynchronous transfers, the target controls the flow of data. The initiator can only  
send data when the target has acknowledged receipt of the previous packet. All  
SCSI devices must support asynchronous transfer.  
In synchronous data transfer, the initiator and target work in synchronization,  
allowing transmission of a packet of data to start before acknowledgment of the  
previous transmission.  
In wide (16-bit) data transfer, two bytes are transferred at the same time instead of  
a single byte.  
HP Ultrium drives support asynchronous, synchronous and narrow (8-bit) wide  
transfers.  
35  
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fibre channel  
Fibre Channel provides an inexpensive yet expendable means of quickly  
transferring data between workstations, mainframes, supercomputers, desktop  
computers, storage devices, displays and other peripherals. Although it is called  
Fibre Channel, its architecture represents neither a channel nor a real network  
topology. It allows for an active intelligent interconnection scheme, called a fabric,  
to connect devices. All a Fibre Channel port has to do is to manage a simple  
point-to-point connection between itself and the fabric.  
Several common ULPs (Upper Level Protocols) including IP and SCSI can run on  
Fibre Channel, merging high-speed I/ O and network functionality in a single  
connectivity technology.  
filemark  
A mark written by the host to the tape that can be searched for, often using the  
drives fast-search capability. It does not necessarily separate files. It is up to the  
host to assign a meaning to the mark.  
immediate mode  
A mode of responding to SCSI commands where the drive or other peripheral  
does not wait until the command has finished before returning status information  
back to the host. For writing filemarks, Immediate mode can significantly improve  
the performance of systems that do not set the Immediate bit when sending a SCSI  
WRITE FILEMARKS command. On the other hand, data is not flushed to tape in  
response to a filemark command.  
infinite flush  
By default, the buffer in the drive is flushed every 5 seconds. Infinite flush avoids  
frequent starting and stopping of the mechanism when using a very slow  
application. It also avoids losing capacity through the flushing of partly written  
groups. On the other hand, infinite flush means that data can remain in the buffer  
for very long periods of time, and could be lost in the event of a power failure.  
LUN  
SAN  
Logical Unit Number. A unique number by which a device is identified on the SCSI  
bus. A tape drive has a fixed LUN of 0. In an autoloader, the changer mechanism  
is LUN1.  
Storage Area Network. A dedicated, high-speed network that establishes a direct  
connection between storage elements and servers. The hardware that connects  
workstations and servers to storage devices in a SAN is referred to as a fabric. The  
SAN fabric enables any-server-to-any-storage device connectivity through the use  
of Fibre Channel switching technology.  
SCSI  
Small Computer System Interface—a standard command specification and  
command set that enables computers and peripherals to communicate with each  
other. HP’s Ultrium drives adhere to the SCSI-3 specification and support all  
features required by that standard.  
36  
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Single-Ended and Low Voltage Differential SCSI  
These terms define how the signals are transmitted along the cable.  
With single-ended (SE) SCSI, each signal travels over a single wire and each  
signal’s value is determined by comparing the signal to a paired ground wire.  
Signal quality tends to decrease over longer cable lengths or at increased signal  
speed.  
With low voltage differential (LVD) signaling, signals travel along two wires and  
the difference in voltage between the wire pairs determines the signal value. This  
enables faster data rates and longer cabling with less susceptibility to noise than  
SE signaling and reduced power consumption.  
Narrow and Wide, Fast, Ultra and Ultra2 SCSI  
Narrow SCSI devices can transfer data one byte at-a -time (and are sometimes  
called “8-bit SCSIdevices). They can conform to either the SCSI-2 or SCSI-3  
protocols. They have a 50 -pin connection to the SCSI bus.  
Wide SCSI devices can transfer two bytes of data simultaneously (“16 -bit SCSI).  
They usually have a single, 68-pin connection to the SCSI bus. (This physical  
arrangement is part of the SCSI-3 specification.) They may support either SCSI-2 or  
SCSI-3 protocols. Wide and narrow devices can simultaneously be connected to  
the same bus without problem, provided certain rules are followed.  
Fast SCSI can transfer data at up to 10 MB/ sec, using a cable of up to 6 meters  
total length.  
Ultra SCSI can transfer data at up to 20 MB/ sec, but the cable length cannot  
exceed 3 meters (it is also known as Fast20).  
Ultra2 SCSI can transfer data at up to 80 MB/ sec, using a cable of up to 12  
meters.  
Ultra160 SCSI can transfer data at up to 160 MB/ sec, using a cable of up to 12  
meters.  
Ultra320 SCSI can transfer data at up to 320 MB/ sec, using a cable of up to 12  
meters.  
Ultra SCSI supports both SE and LVD interfaces. Although Ultra2 SCSI and above  
can support SE devices, this is not recommended as the whole bus is slowed to  
Ultra speeds; instead, use LVD devices only.  
HP’s Ultrium drives are Ultra -320 compatible devices. They should be used only on  
LVD host bus adapters for maximum performance.  
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sequential access  
Sequential access devices store data sequentially in the order in which it is  
received. Tape devices are the most common sequential access devices. Devices  
such as disk drives are direct access devices, where data is stored in blocks, not  
necessarily sequentially. Direct access allows for speed of retrieval, but is  
significantly more costly.  
38  
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Index  
synchronous data transfer  
35  
systems  
HP-UX 13  
Linux 23  
A
AIX 21  
ANSI 5  
asynchronous data transfer  
IBM (AIX) 21  
determining SCSI ID 21  
device files 21  
35  
immediate mode 36  
infinite flush 36  
installation, verifying 31  
AT&T mode 35  
U
ultra SCSI 37  
B
L
Berkeley mode 35  
BOT 35  
buffered mode 35  
Linux 23  
determining SCSI ID 23  
LUN 36  
verifying installation 31  
W
C
LVD SCSI 37  
wide SCSI 37  
compression 35  
confirming installation 31  
mode  
D
AT&T 35  
Berkeley 35  
immediate 36  
data transfer 35  
device files  
AIX 22  
HP-UX 14  
IBM (AIX) 21  
Sun workstations 28  
direct access 38  
documents, related 5  
narrow SCSI 37  
P
PC-based UNIX - Linux 23  
F
fast SCSI 37  
SCSI 5, 36  
fibre channel 36  
filemarks 36  
filenames under AIX 22  
SCSI ID, determining  
HP-UX 13  
IBM (AIX) 21  
Linux 23  
H
Sun workstations 27  
sequential access 38  
single-ended SCSI 37  
Sun workstations  
data values 29  
determining SCSI ID 27  
device files 28  
HP Alpha 19  
HP-UX systems 13  
determining SCSI-ID 13  
device files 14  
Index  
39  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
 
40  
Index  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  

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