Fujitsu MAX3036RC User Manual

C141-E237-01EN  
MAX3147RC  
MAX3073RC  
MAX3036RC  
HARD DISK DRIVES  
PRODUCT/MAINTENANCE MANUAL  
REVISION RECORD  
Edition Date published  
Revised contents  
01  
July, 2005  
Specification No.: C141-E237-**EN  
C141-E237  
Related Standards  
Product specifications and functions described in this manual comply with the following ANSI (*1)  
standards.  
Document number  
Title  
T10/1236D Rev.20  
[NCITS.351:2001]  
SCSI Primary Commands-2 (SPC-2)  
SCSI-3 Block Commands (SBC)  
T10/996D Rev. 8c  
[NCITS.306:1998]  
T10/1157D Rev. 24  
T10/1561D Rev. 14  
T10/1562D Rev. 05  
T10/1601D Rev. 07  
SCSI Architecture Model-2 (SAM-2)  
SCSI Architecture Model-3 (SAM-3)  
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)  
Serial Attached SCSI Model-1.1 (SAS 1.1)  
*1 ANSI = American National Standard Institute  
In case of conflict between this manual and any referenced document, this manual takes precedence.  
C141-E237  
Preface  
This manual describes MAX3147RC, MAX3073RC, and MAX3036RC 3.5" type hard  
disk drives with an embedded Serial Attached SCSI (SAS).  
This manual details the specifications and functions of the above disk drive, and gives the  
requirements and procedures for installing it into a host computer system.  
This manual is written for users who have a basic understanding of hard disk drives and  
their use in computer systems. The MANUAL ORGANIZATION section describes  
organization and scope of this manual. The need arises, use the other manuals.  
The organization of this manual, related reference manual and conventions for alert  
messages follow.  
Overview of Manual  
This manual consists of the following seven chapters:  
Chapter 1 General Description  
This chapter introduces the disk drives standard features, hardware, and system  
configuration.  
Chapter 2 Specifications  
This chapter gives detailed specifications of the disk drives and their installation  
environment.  
Chapter 3 Data Format  
This chapter describes the data structure of the disk, the address method, and what to do  
about media defects.  
Chapter 4 Installation Requirements  
This chapter describes the basic physical and electrical requirements for installing the disk  
drives.  
Chapter 5 Installation  
This chapter explains how to install the disk drives. It includes the notice and procedures  
for setting device number and operation modes, mounting the disk drive, and confirming  
drive operation.  
Chapter 6 Diagnostics and Maintenance  
This chapter describes the automatic diagnosis, and maintenance of the disk drive. This  
chapter also describes diagnostic methods for operation check and the basics of  
troubleshooting the disk drives.  
Chapter 7 Error Analysis  
This chapter describes in details how collect the information for error analysis and how  
analyze collected error information.  
C141-E237  
i
Preface  
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL  
MAX3147RC, MAX3073RC, and MAX3036RC disk drives are described as "the hard  
disk drives (HDD)", "the disk drive" or "the device" in this manual.  
Decimal number is represented normally.  
Hexadecimal number is represented as X'17B9', 17B9h or 17B9H.  
Binary number is represented as "010".  
Conventions for Alert Messages  
This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert message  
consists of an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists of an alert symbol  
and a signal word or just a signal word.  
The following are the alert signals and their meanings:  
This indicates a hazardous situation could result in minor  
or moderate personal injury if the user does not perform  
the procedure correctly. This alert signal also indicates  
that damages to the product or other property, may occur if  
the user does not perform the product correctly.  
This indicates information that could help the user use the  
product more efficiently.  
In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message. A wider  
line space precedes and follows the alert message to show where the alert message begins  
and ends. The following is an example:  
(Example)  
Damage  
Never open the disk enclosure for any reason. Doing so will void any  
warranties.  
The main alert messages in the text are also listed in the “Important Alert Items.”  
Attention  
Please forward any comments you may have regarding this manual.  
To make this manual easier for users to understand, opinions from readers are needed.  
Please write your opinions or requests on the Comment at the back of this manual and  
forward it to the address described in the sheet.  
ii  
C141-E237  
Important Alert Items  
Important Alert Messages  
The important alert messages in this manual are as follows:  
A hazardous situation could result in minor or moderate personal injury if the  
user does not perform the procedure correctly. Also, damage to the product  
or other property, may occur if the user does not perform the procedure  
correctly.  
Task  
Alert message  
Page  
Installation  
Damage  
4-3  
Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.  
High temperature  
5-1, 5-10  
To prevent injury, never touch the drive while it is hot. The DE and LSI  
become hot during operation and remain hot immediately after turning off  
the power.  
Damage  
5-10  
1. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the  
system while power is supplied to it.  
The spindle motor can be stopped by a START/STOP command. It  
takes about 30 seconds for the spindle motor to stop completely.  
Then, dismount the drive using the drive mounting/dismounting  
mechanism, etc. of the system. If the drive is dismounted while the  
spindle motor is running, special care is required to avoid excessive  
vibration or shock to the drive. Just in case, stop dismounting once  
when SAS connector breaks off contact and wait until the spindle  
motor stops (about 30 seconds.).  
When storing or transporting the drive, put it in the antistatic bag  
(refer to Section 5.1).  
C141-E237  
iii  
Important Alert Items  
Task  
Alert message  
Page  
5-10  
Installation  
2. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the  
system while power is not supplied to it.  
Dismount the drive using the drive mounting/dismounting mechanism,  
etc. of the system.  
When storing or transporting the drive, put it in the antistatic bag  
(refer to Section 5.1).  
Diagnostics  
and  
Maintenance  
Data loss  
6-5  
Save data stored on the disk drive to other media before requesting repair.  
Fujitsu does not assume responsibility if data is destroyed during servicing  
or repair.  
Electrical shock  
6-5  
6-5  
Never touch the HDDs while power-feeding.  
Damage  
1. Always ground yourself with a wrist strap connected to ground before  
handling. ESD (Electrostatics Discharge) may cause the damage to the  
device.  
2. Never use a conductive cleaner to clean the HDDs.  
3. Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.  
4. Never remove the PCA.  
5. Never open the disk enclosure for any reason.  
Damage  
6-13  
1. Never remove any labels from the drive.  
2. Never open the disk enclosure for any reason. Doing so will void any  
warranties.  
iv  
C141-E237  
MANUAL ORGANIZATION  
PRODUCT/  
MAINTENANCE MANUAL  
1. General Description  
2. Specifications  
3. Data Format  
(This manual)  
4. Installation Requirements  
5. Installation  
6. Diagnostics and Maintenance  
7. Error Analysis  
INTERFACE  
1. Interface  
SPECIFICATIONS  
2. Command Processing  
3. Data Buffer Management  
4. Command Specifications  
5. Sense Data and Error Recovery Methods  
6. Disk Media Management  
C141-E237  
v
This page is intentionally left blank.  
CONTENTS  
CHAPTER 1 General Description ..................................................................1-1  
1.1 Standard Features....................................................................................1-1  
1.2 Hardware Structure .................................................................................1-5  
1.3 System Configuration..............................................................................1-6  
CHAPTER 2 Specifications............................................................................2-1  
2.1 Hardware Specifications .........................................................................2-1  
2.1.1 Model name and order number ...............................................................2-1  
2.1.2 Function specifications............................................................................2-2  
2.1.3 Environmental specifications..................................................................2-4  
2.1.4 Error rate .................................................................................................2-5  
2.1.5 Reliability................................................................................................2-5  
CHAPTER 3 Data Format ...............................................................................3-1  
3.1 Data Space...............................................................................................3-1  
3.1.1 Cylinder configuration ............................................................................3-1  
3.1.2 Alternate spare area.................................................................................3-4  
3.1.3 Track format............................................................................................3-5  
3.1.4 Sector format...........................................................................................3-6  
3.1.5 Format capacity.......................................................................................3-8  
3.2 Logical Data Block Addressing ..............................................................3-8  
3.3 Defect Management ..............................................................................3-10  
3.3.1 Defect list ..............................................................................................3-10  
3.3.2 Alternate block allocation .....................................................................3-10  
CHAPTER 4 Installation Requirements ........................................................4-1  
4.1 Mounting Requirements..........................................................................4-1  
C141-E237  
vii  
Contents  
4.1.1 Dimensions..............................................................................................4-1  
4.1.2 Mounting orientations .............................................................................4-2  
4.1.3 Notes on mounting ..................................................................................4-3  
4.2 Power Supply Requirements ...................................................................4-7  
4.3 Connection Requirements .......................................................................4-8  
4.3.1 Connector location...................................................................................4-8  
4.3.2 Interface connector..................................................................................4-9  
4.3.3 Ready LED output signal ......................................................................4-11  
CHAPTER 5 Installation................................................................................. 5-1  
5.1 Notes on Handling Drives .......................................................................5-1  
5.2 Setting......................................................................................................5-3  
5.2.1 Port Address ............................................................................................5-3  
5.3 Mounting Drives......................................................................................5-3  
5.3.1 Mounting procedures...............................................................................5-3  
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDDs  
for Use .....................................................................................................5-4  
5.4.1 Checking initial operation .......................................................................5-4  
5.4.2 Formatting ...............................................................................................5-5  
5.4.3 Setting parameters ...................................................................................5-7  
5.5 Dismounting Drives...............................................................................5-10  
5.6 Spare Disk Drive ...................................................................................5-10  
CHAPTER 6 Diagnostics and Maintenance.................................................. 6-1  
6.1 Diagnostics ..............................................................................................6-1  
6.1.1 Self-diagnostics .......................................................................................6-1  
6.1.2 Test programs ..........................................................................................6-4  
6.2 Maintenance Information ........................................................................6-5  
6.2.1 Precautions ..............................................................................................6-5  
6.2.2 Maintenance requirements ......................................................................6-6  
6.2.3 Maintenance levels..................................................................................6-7  
viii  
C141-E237  
Contents  
6.2.4 Revision numbers....................................................................................6-7  
6.2.5 Tools and test equipment ........................................................................6-8  
6.2.6 Tests ........................................................................................................6-9  
6.3 Operation Check....................................................................................6-10  
6.3.1 Initial seek operation check...................................................................6-10  
6.3.2 Operation test ........................................................................................6-10  
6.3.3 Diagnostic test.......................................................................................6-10  
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures..................................................................6-11  
6.4.1 Outline of troubleshooting procedures..................................................6-11  
6.4.2 Troubleshooting with disk drive replacement in the field ....................6-11  
6.4.3 Troubleshooting at the repair site..........................................................6-13  
6.4.4 Troubleshooting with parts replacement in the factory ........................6-14  
6.4.5 Finding possibly faulty parts.................................................................6-14  
CHAPTER 7 Error Analysis............................................................................7-1  
7.1 Error Analysis Information Collection ...................................................7-1  
7.1.1 Sense data................................................................................................7-1  
7.1.2 Sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense  
code qualifier...........................................................................................7-1  
7.2 Sense Data Analysis................................................................................7-3  
7.2.1 Error information indicated with sense data ...........................................7-3  
7.2.2 Sense data (3-0C-03), (4-32-01), (4-40-xx), (4-C4-xx), and  
(4-44-xx) .................................................................................................7-4  
7.2.3 Sense data (1-1x-xx), (3-1x-xx) and (E-1D-00): Disk read error ..........7-4  
7.2.4 Sense data (5-2x-xx), (B-44-xx), (B-47-xx), (B-4B-xx) and  
(B-4E-00): interface error .......................................................................7-4  
Glossary ...........................................................................................................GL-1  
Abbreviation.....................................................................................................AB-1  
Index ................................................................................................................. IN-1  
C141-E237  
ix  
Contents  
Illustrations  
Figures  
Figure 1.1 Example of SAS system configuration  
(Dual port internal cabled environment)...................................... 1-6  
Figure 1.2 Example of SAS system configuration  
(Dual port internal backplane environment)................................ 1-6  
Figure 3.1 Cylinder configuration ................................................................. 3-2  
Figure 3.2 Spare area in cell.......................................................................... 3-4  
Figure 3.3 Alternate cylinder......................................................................... 3-4  
Figure 3.4 Track format................................................................................. 3-5  
Figure 3.5 Track skew/head skew ................................................................. 3-6  
Figure 3.6 Sector format................................................................................ 3-6  
Figure 3.7 Alternate block allocation by FORMAT UNIT command ........ 3-11  
Figure 3.8 Alternate block allocation by REASSIGN BLOCKS  
command.................................................................................... 3-12  
Figure 4.1 Dimensions................................................................................... 4-1  
Figure 4.2 HDD orientations ......................................................................... 4-2  
Figure 4.3 Mounting frame structure example.............................................. 4-3  
Figure 4.4 Limitation of side-mounting ........................................................ 4-4  
Figure 4.5 Surface temperature measurement points.................................... 4-5  
Figure 4.6 Service clearance area.................................................................. 4-6  
Figure 4.7 Current waveform (+12V DC)..................................................... 4-7  
Figure 4.8 AC noise filter.............................................................................. 4-8  
Figure 4.9 Connector location ....................................................................... 4-8  
Figure 4.10 SAS plug connector overview...................................................... 4-9  
Figure 4.11 Recommended external circuit for Ready LED output.............. 4-11  
Figure 6.1 Revision label (example) ............................................................. 6-7  
Figure 6.2 Indicating revision numbers......................................................... 6-8  
Figure 6.3 Test flowchart............................................................................... 6-9  
Figure 7.1 Format of extended sense data..................................................... 7-2  
x
C141-E237  
Contents  
Tables  
Table 2.1 Model names and order numbers..................................................2-1  
Table 2.2 Function specifications .................................................................2-2  
Table 2.3 Environmental/Power requirements .............................................2-4  
Table 3.1 Format capacity.............................................................................3-8  
Table 4.1 Surface temperature check point and maximum temperature ......4-5  
Table 4.2 Interface connector (SAS plug) signal allocation:CN1 ..............4-10  
Table 6.1 Self-diagnostic functions ..............................................................6-1  
Table 6.2 System-level field troubleshooting.............................................6-12  
Table 6.3 Disk drive troubleshooting..........................................................6-13  
Table 7.1 Definition of sense data ................................................................7-3  
C141-E237  
xi  
This page is intentionally left blank.  
CHAPTER 1  
General Description  
1.1 Standard Features  
1.2 Hardware Structure  
1.3 System Configuration  
This chapter describes the feature and configuration of the hard disk drives (HDDs).  
The HDDs are high performance large capacity 3.5" fixed disk drives with an embedded Serial Attached SCSI  
(SAS) controller.  
The interface used to connect the HDDs to the host system complies with ANSI T10/1601-D Serial Attached  
SCSI-1.1 (SAS-1.1), which covers items ranging from SAS physical layers to SCSI command protocols.  
The high-speed data transfer and long-distance transmission capabilities of SAS technology and the powerful  
command set the HDD facilitate creation of high-performance and highly reliable disk subsystems with large  
storage capacities.  
1.1  
Standard Features  
(1)  
Compactness  
The HDDs are a compact enclosure which complies with the 3.5" disk drive form factor.  
(2)  
Restriction of Use of Hazardous Substances  
The amounts of hazardous substances in use in these HDDs have been reduced in accordance with the  
Restriction of Use of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive recently issued by European Union (EU).  
Note:  
At present, the permissible limits on the use of certain materials specified by the RoHS  
directive have not been determined. In such cases, we are using the original criteria set by  
Fujitsu Limited while referring to the restrictions already established by End-of-Life (ELV)  
Directive or by the national environmental laws of the EU member nations.  
C141-E237  
1-1  
General Description  
(3)  
SAS Standard  
The HDDs are equipped with a serial attached SCSI (SAS) as a host interface.  
Transfer rate: 1.5Gbps, 3.0Gbps  
Number of SAS ports: Two  
Full-duplex (simultaneous bidirectional data transfer) is supported.  
SCSI commands can manipulate data through logical block addressing, regardless of the physical  
characteristics of the disk drive. This enables software to accommodate expansion of system  
functionality.  
(4)  
Dual SAS port support  
The HDDs have two pairs of driver and receiver set (PHY) for the SAS to support dual SAS port  
connection.  
On MAX3147RC, MAX3073RC, and MAX3036RC, Primary and Secondary Ports on SAS plug  
connector (2 physical links plus power connections) are used for SAS port connection.  
(5)  
(6)  
High-speed data transfer  
The maximum data-transfer speed on the SAS is 300.0 MB/s. The large-capacity data buffer of the  
HDDs enable the effective use of such high-speed data transfers available on the SAS connection.  
Continuous block processing  
The addressing method of data blocks is logical block address. The initiator (INIT) can access data  
by specifying block number in a logically continuous data space without concerning the physical  
structure of the track or cylinder boundaries.  
The continuous processing up to [64K-1] blocks in a command can be achieved, and the HDDs can  
perform continuous read/write operation when processing data blocks on several tracks or cylinder.  
(7)  
(8)  
Multi-segment data buffer  
The data buffer is 16M bytes. Data are transferred between SAS port and disk media through this  
data buffer. This feature provides the suitable usage environment for users.  
Cache feature  
After executing the READ command, the HDDs read automatically and store (prefetches) the  
subsequent data blocks into the data buffer (Read-ahead caching).  
The high speed sequential data access can be achieved by transferring the data from the data buffer without  
reaccessing the disk in case the subsequent command requests the prefetched data blocks.  
The Write Cache feature is supported. When this feature is enabled, the status report is issued  
without waiting for completion of write processing to disk media, thereby enabling high speed write  
processing.  
1-2  
C141-E237  
1.1 Standard Features  
When Write Cache is enabled, you should ensure that the cached data is  
surely flushed to the disk media before you turn off the drive's power.  
To ensure it, you should issue either the SYNCHRONIZE CACHE  
command or the STOP UNIT command with specifying “0” to the  
Immediate bit, and then confirm that the command is surely terminated  
with the GOOD STATUS.  
(9)  
Command queuing feature  
The HDDs can queue maximum 128 commands, and optimizes the issuing order of queued  
commands by the reordering function. This feature realizes the high speed processing.  
(10)  
(11)  
Reserve and release functions  
The HDDs can be accessed exclusively in the multi-host or multi-INIT environment by using the  
reserve and release functions.  
Error recovery  
The HDDs can try to recover from errors in the disk drive using its powerful retry processing. If a  
recoverable data check occurs, error-free data can be transferred to the INIT after being corrected in  
the data buffer. The INIT software is released from the complicated error recover processing by  
these error recovery functions of the HDDs.  
(12)  
(13)  
Automatic alternate block reassignment  
If a defective data block is detected during read or write the HDDs can automatically reassign their  
alternate data block.  
Programmable data block length  
Data can be accessed in fixed-block length units. The data block length is programmable, and can be  
specified at initializing with a multiple of four within the range of 512 to 528 bytes.  
Error rate increase  
1. The drive format at factory shipment is generally 512 bytes.  
2. The recoverable Error of the drive might increase when the format would  
be modified from 512 bytes to the following values:  
516 bytes, 520 bytes, 524 bytes, 528 bytes.  
3. The recoverable Error referred here is sense data (1-13-xx).  
C141-E237  
1-3  
General Description  
(14)  
Defective block slipping  
A logical data block can be reallocated in a physical sequence by slipping the defective data block at  
formatting. This results in high speed contiguous data block processing without a revolution delay  
due to defective data block.  
(15)  
(16)  
High speed positioning  
A rotary voice coil motor achieves fast positioning with high performance access control.  
Large capacity  
A large capacity can be obtained from the HDDs by dividing all cylinders into several partitions and  
changing the recording density on each partition (constant density recording). The disk subsystem  
with large capacity can be constructed in the good space efficiency.  
(17)  
(18)  
Start/Stop of spindle motor  
Using the SAS primitive or the SCSI command, the host system can start and stop the spindle motor.  
Diagnosis  
The HDDs have a diagnostic capability which checks internal controller functions and drive  
operations to facilitate testing and repair.  
(19)  
Low power consumption  
By using highly integrated LSI components, the power consumption of the HDDs is very low, and  
this enables the units to be used in wide range of environmental conditions.  
(20)  
(21)  
Low noise and low vibration  
The noise level is low; approx. 3.5 Bels at Ready for the drive. This makes it ideal for office use.  
Microcode downloading  
The HDDs implement the microcode download feature. This feature easily achieves maintenance  
and function enhancement of the HDDs.  
1-4  
C141-E237  
1.2 Hardware Structure  
1.2  
Hardware Structure  
The HDDs have a disk enclosure (DE) and a printed circuit assembly (PCA). The DE includes heads  
on an actuator and disks on a spindle motor mounted on the DE. The PCA includes a read/write  
circuit and a controller circuit.  
(1)  
(2)  
(3)  
(4)  
Disks  
The disks have an outer diameter of 70 mm (2.8 inch) and an inner diameter of 25 mm (0.98 inch).  
The disks are good for at least 50,000 contact starts and stops.  
Heads  
The MR (Magnet – Resistive) of the CSS (contact start/stop) type heads are in contact with the disks  
when the disks are not rotating, and automatically float when the rotation is started.  
Spindle motor  
The disks are rotated by a direct-drive hall-less DC motor. The motor speed is controlled by a  
feedback circuit using the counter electromotive current to precisely maintain the specified speed.  
Actuator  
The actuator, which uses a rotary voice coil motor (VCM), consumes little power and generates little  
heat. The heads at the end of the actuator arm are controlled and positioned via feedback servo loop.  
The heads are positioned on the CCS zone over the disks when the power is off or the spindle motor  
is stopped.  
(5)  
(6)  
Read/write circuit  
The read/write circuit utilizes a read channel mounted with a head IC that supports high-speed  
transmission and an MEEPR4ML (Modified Enhanced Extended Partial Response Class 4 Maximum  
Likelihood) modulation/demodulation circuit in order to prevent errors being triggered by external  
noise and to improve data reliability.  
Controller circuit  
The controller circuit uses LSIs to increase the reliability and uses a high speed microprocessing unit  
(MPU) to increase the performance of the SAS controller.  
C141-E237  
1-5  
General Description  
1.3  
System Configuration  
For the Serial Attached SCSI, the ANSI standard defines Point-to-Point technology. Figure 1.1 and  
Figure 1.2 give examples of the SAS system configuration.  
Figure 1.1 Example of SAS system configuration (Dual port internal cabled environment)  
Figure 1.2 Example of SAS system configuration (Dual port internal backplane environment)  
(1)  
Port addressing  
Every device connected with the SAS protocol has a unique address (SAS address). SAS addresses  
are in the Name Address Authority (NAA) IEEE Registered format defined by SCSI Primary  
Command-3 (SPC-3).  
An SAS address consists of 8 bytes as a unique value set for each device.  
The INIT can implement an I/O operation on a disk drive by using the corresponding SAS address  
stored by the HDDs.  
1-6  
C141-E237  
CHAPTER 2  
Specifications  
2.1 Hardware Specifications  
This chapter describes specifications of the HDDs.  
2.1  
Hardware Specifications  
2.1.1  
Model name and order number  
Each model has different recording capacities when shipped.  
Table 2.1 lists the model name and order number.  
The data format can be changed by reinitializing with the user's system.  
Table 2.1  
Model names and order numbers  
Capacity  
(user area)  
Model name  
Order number  
CA06697-B400  
Interface type  
MAX3147RC  
MAX3073RC  
MAX3036RC  
SAS  
SAS  
SAS  
147 GB (*)  
73.5 GB (*)  
36.7 GB (*)  
CA06697-B200  
CA06697-B100  
(*) 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes  
C141-E237  
2-1  
Specifications  
2.1.2  
Function specifications  
Table 2.2 shows the function specifications of the HDDs.  
Table 2.2  
Function specifications  
Specification  
MAX3073RC  
73.5 GB (*2)  
Item  
MAX3147RC  
MAX3036RC  
Formatted capacity/device (*1)  
Number of disks  
147 GB (*2)  
36.7 GB (*2)  
4
8
2
1
2
Number of heads  
4
Number of rotations min-1 (rpm)  
Average latency time  
Track to Track  
15,000 ± 0.2 %  
2.0 ms  
0.2 ms / 0.4 ms  
3.3 ms / 3.8 ms  
8.0 ms / 9.0 ms  
30 s typ. (60 s max.)  
30 s typ.  
Seek time (*3)  
(Read/Write)  
Average  
Full stroke  
Start time  
Start/stop time  
(*4)  
Stop time  
Recording mode  
Height:  
60/63 MEEPR4ML  
25.4 mm  
External  
dimensions  
Width:  
101.6 mm  
Depth:  
146.0 mm  
Weight  
0.8 kg max.  
Power consumption (*5)  
11.5 W typ.  
Interface  
SAS  
Cable length: 8 m max  
58 Gbit/inch2  
147 MB/s  
Areal density  
Disk drive  
SAS  
Data transfer  
rate (*6)  
1.5 Gbps, 3 Gbps  
512 to 528 byte (Fixed length) (*7)  
Logical data block length  
SAS (T10/1562D Rev. 05), SAS1.1 (T10/1601D Rev. 07),  
SAM-3 (T10/1561D Rev. 14), SAM-2 (T10/1157D Rev. 24),  
SPC-2 (T10/1236D Rev. 20), SBC (T10/996D Rev. 8c)  
Command specification  
Data buffer  
16 MB FIFO ring buffer (*8)  
3.5 Bels typ.  
Acoustic noise (Idle)  
(*1) The formatted capacity can be changed by changing the logical block length and using spare sector  
space. See Chapter 3 for the further information. The formatted capacity listed in the table is an  
estimate for 512 bytes per sector.  
(*2) 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes  
2-2  
C141-E237  
2.1 Hardware Specifications  
(*3)  
The seek time is as follows:  
Seek Difference [4096 Cyl/div]  
(*4) The start time is the time from power on or start command to when the HDDs are ready, and the stop  
time is the time for disks to completely stop from power off or stop command.  
(*5) This value indicates in idle mode. Power supply at nominal voltage 1%. 25°C ambient.  
(*6) The maximum data transfer rate may be restricted to the response speed of initiator and by  
transmission characteristics. 1 MB/s = 1,000,000 bytes/s.  
(*7) Refer to 1.1 (12).  
(*8) 1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes.  
2-3  
C141-E237  
Specifications  
2.1.3  
Environmental specifications  
Table 2.3 lists environmental and power requirements.  
Table 2.3  
Environmental/Power requirements  
Specification  
Item  
MAX3147RC  
MAX3073RC  
5 to 55 °C  
MAX3036RC  
Operating  
Non-operating  
–40 to 70 °C  
–40 to 70 °C  
Temperature  
(*1)  
Transport (within a week)  
DE surface temperature at  
operating  
5 to 60 °C  
Gradient  
15 °C/h or less  
5 to 95 %RH  
5 to 95 %RH  
5 to 95 %RH  
Operating  
Non operating  
Transport (within a week)  
Relative  
humidity  
Maximum wet bulb  
temperature  
29 °C (no condensation)  
Operating (*3)  
Non-operating (*4)  
Transport (packaged)  
Operating  
0.6 mm (5 to 20Hz) / 9.8 m/s2 (1G) (20 to 300 Hz) or less  
3.1 mm (5 to 20Hz) / 49 m/s2 (5G) (20 to 300Hz) or less  
3.1 mm (5 to 20Hz) / 49 m/s2 (5G) (20 to 300Hz) or less  
637.4 m/s2 (65G) (2ms)  
Vibration (*2)  
Shock (*2)  
Altitude  
Non-operating  
Transport (packaged)  
Operating  
2451.7 m/s2 (250G) (2ms)  
2451.7 m/s2 (250G) (2ms)  
–305 to +3,048 m (–1,000 to +10,000 feet)  
–305 to +12,192 m (–1,000 to +40,000 feet)  
Non-operating  
Ready  
(Average)  
0.75 A  
Peak within  
100 us at  
spin-up  
+12V DC  
±5 %  
3.0 A  
Random  
W/R (about  
80 IOPS)  
1.0 A  
0.45 A  
1.0 A  
Power  
requirements  
(*5)  
Ready  
(Average)  
+5V DC  
±5 %  
Random  
W/R (about  
80 IOPS)  
Ripple  
250mVp-p or less (*6)  
(+5V, +12V)  
2-4  
C141-E237  
2.1 Hardware Specifications  
(*1)  
(*2)  
For detail condition, see Section 4.1.  
Vibration applied to the drive is measured at near the mounting screw hole on the frame as much as  
possible.  
(*3)  
(*4)  
At random seek write/read and default on retry setting with log sweep vibration.  
At power-off state after installation  
Vibration displacement should be less than 2.5 mm.  
(*5)  
(*6)  
Input voltages are specified at the drive connector side, during drive ready state.  
High frequency noise (over 20MHz) is less than 100 mVp-p.  
2.1.4  
Error rate  
Errors detected during initialization and replaced by alternate block assignments are not included in  
the error rate. Data blocks to be accessed should be distributed over the disk medium equally.  
(1)  
Unrecoverable error rate  
Errors which cannot be recovered within 63 retries and ECC correction should not exceed 10 per 1016  
bits read.  
(2)  
Positioning error rate  
Positioning errors which can be recovered by one retry should be 10 or less per 108 seeks.  
2.1.5  
Reliability  
(1)  
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)  
MTBF of the HDDs during their life time is 1,400,000 hours (operating: 24 hours/day, 7 days/week  
average DE surface temperature: 50°C or less).  
Note:  
The MTBF is defined as:  
Operating time (hours) at all field sites  
MTBF  
=
The number of equipment failures from all field sites  
Failure of the equipment means failure that requires repair, adjustments, or replacement.  
Mishandling by the operator, failures due to bad environmental conditions, power trouble, host  
system trouble, cable failures, or other failures not caused by the equipment are not considered.  
C141-E237  
2-5  
Specifications  
(2)  
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)  
MTTR is the average time taken by a well-trained service mechanic to diagnose and repair a drive  
malfunction. The drive is designed for a MTTR of 30 minutes or less.  
(3)  
Service life  
The service life under suitable conditions and treatment is as follows.  
The service life is depending on the environment temperature. Therefore, the user must design the  
system cabinet so that the average DE surface temperature is as low as possible.  
DE surface temperature: 40°C or less  
DE surface temperature: 41°C to 45°C  
DE surface temperature: 46°C to 50°C  
DE surface temperature: 51°C to 55°C  
DE surface temperature: 56°C to 60°C  
DE surface temperature: Exceeding 60°C Without warranty  
(Keep the DE surface temperature 60 °C or less.)  
5 years  
4.5 years  
4 years  
3.5 years  
3 years  
Even if the HDDs are used intermittently, the longest service life is 5 years.  
Note:  
The "average DE surface temperature" means the average temperature at the DE surface  
throughout the year when the HDDs are operating.  
(4)  
Data security at power failure  
Integrity of the data on the disk is guaranteed against all forms of DC power failure except on blocks  
where a write operation is being performed. The above does not applied to formatting disks or  
assigning alternate blocks.  
2-6  
C141-E237  
CHAPTER 3  
Data Format  
3.1 Data Space  
3.2 Logical Data Block Addressing  
3.3 Defect Management  
This chapter explains data space definition, logical data block addressing, and defect management on the  
HDDs.  
3.1  
Data Space  
The HDDs manage the entire data storage area divided into the following three data spaces.  
User space: Storage area for user data  
Internal test space: Reserved area for diagnostic purposes  
System space: Area for exclusive use of HDDs themselves  
The user space allows a user access by specifying data. These spaces can be accessed with the  
logical data block addressing method described in Section 3.2. The internal test space is used by  
Read/write test of self-diagnostics test, but user can’t use direct access. The system space is accessed  
inside the HDDs at power-on or during the execution of a specific command, but the user cannot  
directly access the system space.  
3.1.1  
Cylinder configuration  
The HDDs allocate cylinders to the user space, internal test space, and system space. Figure 3.1 is  
the cylinder configuration.  
Spare areas (alternate areas) for defective sectors are provided in the user space. Several sectors in  
the last track of one cell and the last cylinder (alternate cylinders) in one zone are allocated as  
alternate areas according to the user's assignment (MODE SELECT command). See Subsection 3.1.2  
for details.  
C141-E237  
3-1  
Data Format  
Note:  
Spare sectors on the last track in each cylinder are not necessarily placed at the end of the track  
because of a track skew or a cylinder skew. (Details are explained in Subsection 3.1.3)  
Figure 3.1 Cylinder configuration  
Apart from the above logical configuration, the HDDs intend to increase the storage capacity by  
dividing all cylinders into several zones and changing a recording density of each zone.  
3-2  
C141-E237  
3.1 Data Space  
(1)  
User space  
The user space is a storage area for user data. The data format on the user space (the length of data  
block and the number of data blocks) can be specified with the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT  
EXTENDED command.  
The user can also specify the number of logical data blocks to be placed in the user space with the  
MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command. When the number of logical data  
blocks is specified, as many cylinders as required to place the specified data blocks are allocated in  
the user space.  
A number starting with 0 is assigned to each cylinder required in the user space in ascending order.  
If the number of cylinders do not reach the maximum, the rest of the cylinders will not be used.  
Always one cylinder is located at the end of each zone in the user space as an alternate cylinder.  
Alternate cylinders will be used for alternate blocks. See Subsections 3.1.2 and 3.3.2 for details.  
(2)  
(3)  
Internal test space  
The internal test space is an area for diagnostic purposes only and its data block length is always  
512Byte. The internal test space consists of 8 cylinders and outer-most cylinder is always assigned  
(cylinder 147 to 154). The user cannot change the number of cylinders in the internal test space or  
their positions.  
System space  
The system space is an area for exclusive use of the HDDs themselves and the following information  
are recorded.  
Defect list (P list and G list)  
MODE SELECT parameter (saved value)  
Statistical information (log data)  
Controller control information  
The above information is duplicated in several different locations for safety.  
Note:  
The system space is also called SA space.  
C141-E237  
3-3  
Data Format  
3.1.2  
Alternate spare area  
The alternate spare area consists of the last track of each cell in the user space and an alternate  
cylinder allocated to the last cylinder of each zone.  
The spare area in each cell is placed at the end of the last track as shown in Figure 3.2. These spare  
sectors are located in the end of the track logically, not necessarily located at the end physically  
because of track skew or cylinder skew. (Details are explained on Subsection 3.1.3.)  
Size can be specified by the MODE SELECT command.  
The number of spare sectors per cell can be specified from 0 to 200. The default for the spare sectors  
number is 200.  
Cell  
Note: This drive manages alternate spare areas for each cell, which is a set of cylinders. One cell  
consists of 27 cylinders.  
Figure 3.2 Spare area in cell  
An alternate cylinder is used when spare sectors in a cell are used up or 0 is specified as the number  
of spare sectors in a cell. 1 cylinder at the end of each zone of the user space is allocated as alternate  
cylinders as shown in Figure 3.3.  
The user space and the CE space share the alternate cylinders.  
Zone  
Note: The number of alternate cylinders cannot be changed.  
Figure 3.3 Alternate cylinder  
3-4  
C141-E237  
3.1 Data Space  
3.1.3  
Track format  
(1)  
Physical sector allocation  
Figure 3.4 shows the allocation of the physical sectors in a track. The length in bytes of each  
physical sector and the number of sectors per track vary depending on the logical data block length.  
The unused area (G4) exists at the end of the track in formats with most logical data block lengths.  
The interval of the sector pulse (length of the physical sector) is decided by the HDDs internal free  
running clock frequency. This clock is not equal to the interval of the byte clock for each zone.  
Therefore, the physical sector length cannot be described with a byte length.  
Servo frame  
Figure 3.4 Track format  
(2)  
Track skew and head skew  
To avoid waiting for one turn involved in head and cylinder switching, the first logical data block in  
each track is shifted by the number of sectors (track skew and head skew) corresponding to the  
switching time. Figure 3.5 shows how the data block is allocated in each track.  
At the head switching location in a cylinder, the first logical data block in track t + 1 is allocated at  
the sector position which locates the track skew behind the sector position of the last logical data  
block sector in track t.  
At the cylinder switching location, like the head switching location, the first logical data block in a  
cylinder is allocated at the sector position which locates the head skew behind the last logical sector  
position in the preceding cylinder. The last logical sector in the cylinder is allocated when  
formatting, and is an unused spare sector.  
C141-E237  
3-5  
Data Format  
Track skew  
Head  
Track skew  
Head skew  
Head  
Leading logical  
sector in head p+1  
Figure 3.5 Track skew/head skew  
The number of physical sectors (track skew factor and head skew factor) corresponding to the skew  
time varies depending on the logical data block length because the track skew and the head skew are  
managed for individual sectors. The HDDs automatically determine appropriate values for the track  
skew factor and the head skew factor according to the specified logical data block length. The value  
can be read out by the MODE SENSE or MODE SENSE EXTENDED command after the track has  
been formatted.  
3.1.4  
Sector format  
Each sector on the track consists of an ID field, a data field, and a gap field which separates them.  
Figure 3.6 gives sector format examples.  
SCT  
SCT  
PLO  
SM1 DATA1 SM2 DATA2 BCRC ECC  
PAD  
G1 Sync  
G2  
Servo  
SCT  
G3  
SCT  
G1 Sync  
PLO  
PLO  
G1 Sync  
SM1 DATA1 SM2 DATA4 BCRC ECC  
SM1 DATA1 SM2 DATA3  
PAD  
PAD  
G2  
Figure 3.6 Sector format  
3-6  
C141-E237  
3.1 Data Space  
Each sector on the track consists of the following fields:  
(1)  
(2)  
Gaps (G1, G2, G3)  
No pattern is written on the gap field.  
PLO Sync  
In this field, pattern X'00' is written.  
(3)  
(4)  
Sync Mark (SM1, SM2)  
In this field, special pattern is written. This special pattern indicates the beginning of the data field.  
Data field (DATA1-DATA4)  
User data is stored in the data field of the sector. The length of the data field is equal to that of the  
logical data block which is specified with a parameter in the MODE SELECT command. Any  
multiple of 4 between 512 and 528 bytes can be specified as the length.  
(5)  
(6)  
(7)  
BCRC  
It is a 4-byte error detection code. Errors in the ID field. Single burst errors with lengths of up to 32  
bits for each logical block can be detected.  
ECC  
This is the 400 bits code that allows detection and correction of errors in the data field, which is  
capable of correcting the single burst error up to 200 bits max. on the fly.  
PAD  
A specified length of x‘00’ pattern is written in this field. This field includes the variation by rotation  
and circuit delay till reading/writing.  
C141-E237  
3-7  
Data Format  
3.1.5  
Format capacity  
The size of the usable area for storing user data on the HDDs (format capacity) varies according to  
the logical data block or the size of the spare sector area. Table 3.1 lists examples of the format  
capacity when the typical logical data block length and the default spare area are used. The following  
is the general formula to calculate the format capacity.  
[Number of sectors of each zone] = [number of sectors per track × number of tracks per cell –  
number of alternate spare sectors per cell] × [number of cells in the zone]  
[Formatted capacity] = [total of sectors of all zones] ÷ [number of physical sectors in logical block] ×  
[logical data block length]  
The following formula must be used when the number of logical data blocks are specified with the  
parameter in the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command.  
[Format capacity] = [logical data block length] × [number of logical data blocks]  
The logical data block length, the maximum logical block address, and the number of the logical data  
blocks can be read out by a READ CAPACITY, MODE SENSE, or MODE SENSE EXTENDED  
command after initializing the disk medium.  
Table 3.1  
Format capacity  
Model  
Data block length  
User blocks  
287,277,984  
143,638,992  
71,819,496  
Format capacity (GB)  
147.0 (*)  
MAX3147RC  
MAX3073RC  
MAX3036RC  
512  
73.5 (*)  
36.7 (*)  
(*) 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes  
Note:  
Total number of spare sectors is calculated by adding the number of spare sectors in each primary  
cylinder and the number of sectors in the alternate cylinders.  
3.2  
Logical Data Block Addressing  
Independently of the physical structure of the disk drive, the HDDs adopt the logical data block  
addressing as a data access method on the disk medium. The HDDs relate a logical data block  
address to each physical sector at formatting. Data on the disk medium is accessed in logical data  
block units. The INIT specifies the data to be accessed using the logical data block address of that  
data.  
The logical data block addressing is a function whereby individual data blocks are given addresses of  
serial hexadecimal numbers in each drive.  
3-8  
C141-E237  
3.2 Logical Data Block Addressing  
(1)  
Block address of user space  
The logical data block address number is consecutively assigned to all of the data blocks in the user  
space starting with 0 to the first data block.  
The HDDs treat sector 0, track 0, cylinder 0 as the first logical data block. The data block is  
allocated in ascending order of addresses in the following sequence (refer to Figure 3.5):  
1) Logical data blocks are assigned in ascending order of sector number in the same track.  
2) Subsequent logical data blocks are assigned in ascending order of track number in the same head.  
Within the same track, logical data blocks are assigned in the same way as step 1).  
3) Subsequent logical data blocks are assigned to sectors in every track except the last track in  
ascending order of track number in the same cell. Within the same track, logical data blocks are  
assigned in the same way as step 1) and 2).  
4) For the last track in the same cell, subsequent logical data blocks are assigned to sectors other  
than spare sectors in ascending order of sector number.  
5) After blocks have been assigned in the same cell according to steps 1) to 4), subsequent logical  
data blocks are assigned in ascending order of cell number in the same way as in steps 1) to 4).  
Logical data blocks are assigned starting from track 0 in the next cell until the last cylinder  
(immediately preceding the alternate cylinder n-1 shown in Figure 3.1) of the zone except  
alternate cylinders in cells in the user space.  
When the logical data block is allocated, some sectors (track skew and head skew) shown in Figure  
3.5 are provided to avoid waiting for one turn involving head and cylinder switching at the location  
where the track or the head is physically switched.  
See Subsection 3.3.2 for defective/alternate block treatment and the logical data block allocation  
method in case of defective sectors exist on the disk.  
(2)  
Alternate area  
Alternate areas in the user space (spare sectors in the cell and alternate cylinders) are not included in  
the above logical data block addresses. Access to sectors which are allocated as an alternate block in  
the alternate area is made automatically by means of the HDDs sector slip treatment or alternate  
block treatment (explained in Subsection 3.3.2), so the user does not have to worry about accessing  
the alternate area. The user cannot access with specifying the data block on the alternate area  
explicitly.  
C141-E237  
3-9  
Data Format  
3.3  
Defect Management  
3.3.1  
Defect list  
Information of the defect location on the disk is managed by the defect list. The following are defect  
lists which the HDDs manage.  
P list (Primary defect list): This list consists of defect location information available at the disk  
drive shipment and is recorded in a system space. The defects in this list are permanent, so the  
INIT must execute the alternate block allocation using this list when initializing the disk.  
D list (Data defect list): This list consists of defect location information specified in a FORMAT  
UNIT command by the INIT at the initialization of the disk. This information is recorded in the  
system space of the disk drive as the G list. To execute the alternate block allocation, the  
FORMAT UNIT command must be specified.  
G list (Growth defect list): This list consists of defective logical data block location information  
specified in a REASSIGN BLOCKS command by the INIT, information on defective logical data  
blocks assigned alternate blocks by means of the HDD automatic alternate block allocation,  
information specified as the D list, and information generated as the C list. They are recorded in  
the system space on the disk drive.  
The INIT can read out the contents of the P and G lists by the READ DEFECT DATA command.  
3.3.2  
Alternate block allocation  
The alternate data block is allocated to a defective data block (= sectors) in defective sector units by  
means of the defect management method inside the HDDs.  
The INIT can access all logical data blocks in the user space, as long as there is no error.  
Spare sectors to which alternate blocks are allocated can be provided in "alternate cylinders". See  
Subsection 3.1.2 for details.  
The INIT can specify the size and area for spare sectors by the MODE SELECT command at the  
time of the initialization of the disk.  
Both of the following are applicable to the alternate block allocation.  
Sector slip treatment: Defective sectors are skipped and the logical data block corresponding to  
those sectors is allocated to the next physical sectors. This treatment is made on the same cell as  
the defective sector's and is effective until all spare sectors in that cell are used up.  
Alternate sector treatment: The logical data block corresponding to defective sectors is allocated  
to unused spare sectors in the alternate cylinder.  
The alternate block allocation is executed by the FORMAT UNIT command, the REASSIGN  
BLOCKS command, or the automatic alternate block allocation. Refer to Chapter 4 “Command  
Specifications” and Subsection 5.3.2 “Auto alternate block allocation processing” of the Interface  
Specifications for details of specifications on these commands. The logical data block is allocated to  
the next physically continued sectors after the above sector slip treatment is made. On the other  
hand, the logical data block is allocated to spare sectors which are not physically consecutive to the  
adjacent logical data blocks. If a command which processes several logical data blocks is specified,  
the HDDs process those blocks in ascending order of logical data block.  
3-10  
C141-E237  
3.3 Defect Management  
(1)  
Alternate block allocation during FORMAT UNIT command execution  
When the FORMAT UNIT command is specified, the allocation of the alternate block to those  
defective sectors included in the specified lists (P, G, or D) is continued until all spare sectors in the  
same cell are used up. When they are used up, unused spare sectors in the alternate cylinder are  
allocated to the subsequent sectors in the cylinder by means of alternate sector treatment. Figure 3.7  
is examples of the alternate block allocation during the FORMAT UNIT command execution.  
: n represents a logical data block number  
: Defective sector  
: Unused spare sector  
Figure 3.7 Alternate block allocation by FORMAT UNIT command  
During FORMAT UNIT command, alternate block allocation is conducted in following cases:  
1) Unrecovered write offtrack condition during a media write  
2) Uncorrectable Data Error during a media read (certification) *1  
C141-E237  
3-11  
Data Format  
If above errors are detected during FORMAT UNIT command, the HDDs allocate the alternate  
block(s) to the defective data blocks. Reassign procedure itself is the same as one in REASSIGN  
BLOCKS command.  
*1 Certification is permitted when DCRT flag is cleared (DCRT flag=0) in FORMAT UNIT  
command.  
The HDDs check all initialized logical data blocks by reading them out after the above alternate  
block allocation is made to initialize (format) the disk.  
(2)  
Alternate block allocation by REASSIGN BLOCKS command  
When the REASSIGN BLOCKS command is specified, the alternate block is allocated to the  
defective logical data block specified by the initiator by means of alternate sector treatment. The  
alternate block is allocated to unused spare sectors in the alternate cylinder.  
Figure 3.8 is examples of the alternate block allocation by the REASSIGN BLOCKS command.  
Example Reassign: Block 16  
: n represents a logical data block number  
: Defective sector  
: Unused spare sector  
Figure 3.8 Alternate block allocation by REASSIGN BLOCKS command  
3-12  
C141-E237  
3.3 Defect Management  
(3)  
Automatic alternate block allocation  
Automatic alternate block allocation at read operation  
If the ARRE flag in the MODE SELECT parameter permits the automatic alternate block allocation,  
the HDDs automatically execute the alternate block allocation and data duplication on the defective  
data block detected during the READ or READ EXTENDED command. This allocation method is  
the same as with the REASSIGN BLOCKS command (alternate sector treatment).  
Automatic alternate block allocation at write operation  
If AWRE flag in the MODE SELECT parameter permits the automatic alternate block allocation, the  
HDDs execute two kinds of automatic alternate processing during WRITE command processing as  
described below:  
Type 1 (Reassignment of Uncorrectable Read Error)  
1) Commands to be applied  
-
-
-
WRITE  
WRITE EXTEND  
WRITE at executing WRITE AND VERIFY  
2) Application requirements  
When any of the above commands is issued to LBA registered in the uncorrectable error log of  
the READ command (LBA log of uncorrectable error while the READ command is executed),  
the AWRE processing is applied.  
3) AWRE processing  
The following processings are performed when the LBA matches the one in the uncorrectable  
error log:  
a) Primary media check  
-
Creates an uncorrectable error pattern (invalid LBA pattern) in the position of the error  
LBA, repeats the primary media check up to three times. If the error still occurs after the  
check repeated three times, it is judged to be defective. Then, it performs the alternate  
processing.  
b) Alternate processing  
-
Alternate media check  
Writes the data that causes an unrecoverable error into the alternate block, and performs  
the media check.  
(If the alternate block is a defective sector, the block is registered to the G list, another  
alternate block is allocated.)  
c) SA and defect map update processing (on alternate side)  
When an error occurs in the alternate processing, this WRITE command terminates with error.  
When the alternate processing normally terminates, the WRITE command is executed.  
C141-E237  
3-13  
Data Format  
Type 2 (Reassignment of write fail sector)  
1) Commands to be applied  
-
-
-
-
WRITE  
WRITE EXTENDED  
FORMAT UNIT  
WRITE at executing WRITE AND VERIFY  
2) Application requirements / processing  
When WRITE/WRITE EXTENDED command detects any Servo error (e.g. Write offtrack error)  
and cannot be recovered within pre-determined retry number (specified in Mode Parameter). For  
the sectors around defective Servo, alternate blocks are allocated and the data of this WRITE  
commands are re-written.  
Sectors to be made AWRE shall be following:  
-
-
-
-
the sector where the error occurs and the latter sectors and,  
the sectors whose data are logically continual and stored in Cache,  
the sectors which will be processed in this Write command and,  
the sectors which locate between erroneous Servo -1 and +1 (including Split sector)  
This function is also applied for the sector that has already been re-assigned.  
Remark:  
When a write protection is prohibited through the setting terminal, the auto alternate block  
allocation processing specification is disabled.  
Automatic alternate block allocation is made up to the following  
quantities during the execution of one command:  
ARRE = Twice  
AWRE (Type 1) = Eight times  
AWRE (Type 2) =Maximum number which can be processed within  
the recovery time limit  
If more than the above mentioned defective block is detected, the  
alternate block assignment processing for the first defective block is  
executed but the alternate block assignment processing for the second  
one is not executed and the command being executed terminates.  
However, the initiator can recover the twice error by issuing the same  
command again.  
When an error is detected in a data block in the data area, recovery  
data is rewritten and verified in automatic alternate block allocation  
during the execution of the READ or READ EXTENDED command.  
Alternate block allocation will not be made for the data block if  
recovery is successful.  
Example: Even if the data error which is recoverable by the WRITE  
LONG command is simulated, automatic alternate block  
allocation will not be made for the data block.  
3-14  
C141-E237  
CHAPTER 4  
Installation Requirements  
4.1 Mounting Requirements  
4.2 Power Supply Requirements  
4.3 Connection Requirements  
This chapter describes the environmental, mounting, power supply, and connection requirements.  
4.1  
Mounting Requirements  
4.1.1  
Dimensions  
Figures 4.1 show the dimensions of the HDDs and the location of the mounting screw holes.  
[Units: mm]  
Figure 4.1 Dimensions  
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4-1  
Installation Requirements  
4.1.2  
Mounting orientations  
The permissible orientations of the HDDs are shown in Figure 4.2, and the tolerance of the angle is  
5° from the horizontal plane.  
(a) Horizontal –1  
(b) Horizontal –2  
(c) Vertical –1  
(d) Vertical –2  
(e) Upright mounting –1  
(f) Upright mounting –2  
Direction of gravity  
Figure 4.2 HDD orientations  
4-2  
C141-E237  
4.1 Mounting Requirements  
4.1.3  
Notes on mounting  
Damage  
Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.  
(1)  
(2)  
Mounting screw  
Use No.6-32UNC-2B metric  
Mounting frame structure  
Special attention must be given to mount the HDDs as follows.  
a) Use the frame with an embossed structure, or the like. Mount the HDDs with making a gap  
of 2.5 mm or more between the HDDs and the frame of the system.  
b) As shown in Figure 4.3, the inward projection of the screw from the HDD frame wall at the  
corner must be 5.0 mm or less.  
c) Tightening torque of screw must be secured with 0.59 N·m (6 kgf·cm) 12%.  
d) Impact caused by the electric screwdriver must be within the drive specifications.  
e) Must be handled on an anti-static mat.  
Figure 4.3 Mounting frame structure example  
C141-E237  
4-3  
Installation Requirements  
(3)  
Limitation of side-mounting  
Mount the HDDs using the 4 screw holes at the both ends on the both sides as shown in Figure 4.4.  
Do not use the center hole by itself.  
In case of using the center hole, it must be used in combination with 2 holes on both ends. (Total 6  
screws for 6 holes enclosed)  
4
Holes for mounting  
screw  
3
2
Holes for  
mounting screw  
1
In case of using a center hole, use it in  
combination with the holes of both ends.  
Use four holes (No.1 to No.4) to mount.  
Figure 4.4 Limitation of side-mounting  
(4)  
Limitation of bottom-mounting  
Use all 4 mounting holes on the bottom face.  
4-4  
C141-E237  
4.1 Mounting Requirements  
(5)  
Environmental temperature  
Temperature condition at installed in a cabinet is indicated with ambient temperature measured  
30 mm from the disk drive. At designing the system cabinet, consider following points.  
Make a suitable air flow so that the DE surface temperature never exceed 60°C.  
Cool the PCA side especially with air circulation inside the cabinet. Confirm the cooling effect  
by measuring the surface temperature of specific ICs and the DE. These measurement results  
must satisfy the temperature condition listed in Table 4.1.  
Keeping the DE surface temperature at 50°C or below at ambient temperature 30°C, which is a  
condition for assuring an MTBF of 1,400,000 hours, requires an air flow of 0.5 m/s or more.  
Table 4.1  
Surface temperature check point and maximum temperature  
No.  
1
Measurement point  
DE Surface  
Maximum temperature  
60°C  
80°C  
92°C  
91°C  
88°C  
2
Read channel LSI  
VCM/SPM Driver  
HDC  
3
4
5
MPU  
1
4
2
3
5
Figure 4.5 Surface temperature measurement points  
C141-E237  
4-5  
Installation Requirements  
(6)  
Service clearance area  
The service clearance area, or the sides which must allow access to the HDDs for installation or  
maintenance, is shown in Figure 4.6.  
[Surface X]  
Holes for mounting screw  
(Both side)  
[Surface Y]  
Interface connection  
[Surface Z]  
Holes for mounting screw  
Figure 4.6 Service clearance area  
(7)  
(8)  
External magnetic field  
The drive should not be installed near the ferromagnetic body like a speaker to avoid the influence of  
the external magnetic field.  
Leak magnetic flux  
The HDDs use a high performance magnet to achieve a high speed seek. Therefore, a leak magnetic  
flux at surface of the HDDs are large. Mount the HDDs so that the leak magnetic flux does not affect  
to near equipment.  
4-6  
C141-E237  
4.2 Power Supply Requirements  
4.2  
Power Supply Requirements  
(1)  
Allowable input voltage and current  
The power supply input voltage measured at the power supply connector pin of the HDDs (receiving  
end) must satisfy the requirement given in Subsection 2.1.3. (For other requirements, see Items (4)  
and (5) below.)  
(2)  
Current waveform (reference)  
Figure 4.7 shows the spin-up current waveform of +12V DC.  
MAX3036RC  
MAX3147RC  
MAX3073RC  
Time (2 sec/div)  
Time (2 sec/div)  
Time (2 sec/div)  
Figure 4.7 Current waveform (+12V DC)  
(3)  
(4)  
Power on/off sequence  
The order of the power on/off sequence of +5V DC and +12V DC, supplied to the HDDs, does not  
matter.  
Sequential starting of spindle motors  
After power is turned on to the HDDs, a large amount of current flows in the +12V DC line when the  
spindle motor rotation starts. Therefore, if more than one HDD is used, the spindle motors should be  
started sequentially using one of the following procedures to prevent overload of the power supply  
unit.  
a) Control the sending of the NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive so that the spindle motors of  
individual disk drives are started in intervals of 12 seconds or more.  
b) Turn on the +12V DC power in the power supply unit at intervals of 12 seconds or more to start  
the spindle motors sequentially.  
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4-7  
Installation Requirements  
(5)  
Noise filter  
To eliminate AC line noise, a noise filter should be installed at the AC input terminal on the HDD  
power supply unit. The specification of this noise filter is as follows:  
Attenuation: 40 dB or more at 10 MHz  
Circuit construction: T-configuration as shown in Figure 4.8 is recommended.  
Figure 4.8 AC noise filter  
4.3  
Connection Requirements  
4.3.1  
Connector location  
Figure 4.9 shows a location of the interface connector.  
Interface connector (CN1)  
(power lines included)  
Figure 4.9 Connector location  
4-8  
C141-E237  
4.3 Connection Requirements  
4.3.2  
Interface connector  
Figure 4.10 shows the SAS type interface connector (SAS plug) overview.  
Table 4.2 lists the signal allocation of the SAS plug on the HDDs.  
S1  
S7  
P1  
P15  
S14  
S8  
Figure 4.10 SAS plug connector overview  
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4-9  
Installation Requirements  
Table 4.2 Interface connector (SAS plug) signal allocation:CN1  
Pin No.  
Signal  
Description  
GND for SAS Primary Port  
S1  
GND  
RP+  
RP-  
S2  
SAS Primary Port Receive (positive) signal  
SAS Primary Port Receive (negative) signal  
GND for SAS Primary Port  
SAS Primary Port Transmit (negative) signal  
SAS Primary Port Transmit (positive) signal  
GND for SAS Primary Port  
GND for SAS Secondary Port  
SAS Secondary Port Receive (positive) signal  
SAS Secondary Port Receive (negative) signal  
GND for SAS Secondary Port  
SAS Secondary Port Transmit (negative) signal  
SAS Secondary Port Transmit (positive) signal  
GND for SAS Secondary Port  
Not used  
S3  
S4  
GND  
TP-  
S5  
S6  
TP+  
GND  
GND  
RS+  
RS-  
S7  
S8  
S9  
S10  
S11  
S12  
S13  
S14  
GND  
TS-  
TS+  
GND  
P1 Note1  
P2 Note1  
P3 Note1  
P4  
Reserved (not used)  
Reserved (not used)  
Reserved (not used)  
GND  
Not used  
Not used  
GROUND  
P5  
GND  
GROUND  
P6  
GND  
GROUND  
P7  
+5V-Charge  
+5V  
Pre-charge pin for +5V  
P8  
+5V power supply input  
P9  
+5V  
+5V power supply input  
P10  
P11  
P12  
P13  
P14  
P15  
GND  
GROUND  
READY LED  
GND  
READY LED output  
GROUND  
+12V-Charge  
+12V  
Pre-charge pin for +12V  
+12V power supply input  
+12V power supply input  
+12V  
Note 1) P1 to P3 are 3.3V power supply input and pre-charge signals, and not used on MAXxxxxRC.  
4-10  
C141-E237  
4.3 Connection Requirements  
4.3.3  
Ready LED output signal  
Figure 4.11 shows a recommended circuit for external LED connection to Ready LED output  
signal.  
Figure 4.11 Recommended external circuit for Ready LED output  
Either +3.3 V or +5 V can be used for external power supply for LED (Vcc). Current limiting  
resister (R) value need to be adjusted depend on the Vcc voltage. For +3.3 V Vcc voltage,  
recommended resistance is 220 . For +5 V Vcc voltage, recommended resistance is 330 .  
C141-E237  
4-11  
This page is intentionally left blank.  
CHAPTER 5  
Installation  
5.1 Notes on Handling Drives  
5.2 Setting  
5.3 Mounting Drives  
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing  
the HDDs for Use  
5.5 Dismounting Drives  
5.6 Spare Disk Drive  
This chapter describes the notes on handling drives, setting, mounting drives, confirming drive operations  
after installation and preparation for use, and dismounting drives.  
5.1  
Notes on Handling Drives  
The items listed in the specifications in Table 2.3 must be strictly observed.  
(1)  
General notes  
a) Do not give the drive shocks or vibrations exceeding the value defined in the specifications  
because it may cause critical damage to the drive. Especially be careful when unpacking.  
b) Do not leave the drive in a dirty or contaminated environment.  
c) Since static discharge may destroy the CMOS semiconductors in the drive, note the following  
after unpacking:  
Use an antistatic mat and body grounding when handling the drive.  
Hold the DE when handling the drive. Do not touch PCAs except for setting.  
High temperature  
To prevent injury, never touch the drive while it is hot. The DE and  
LSI become hot during operation and remain hot immediately after  
turning off the power.  
C141-E237  
5-1  
Installation  
(2)  
Unpackaging  
a) Use a flat work area. Check that the "This Side Up" sign side is up. Handle the package on soft  
material such as a rubber mat, not on hard material such as a desk.  
b) Be careful not to give excess pressure to the internal unit when removing cushions.  
c) Be careful not to give excess pressure to the PCA and interface connector when removing the  
drive from the Fcell.  
d) Do not remove any labels from the drive. Never open the DE for any reason.  
Installation/removal/replacement  
(3)  
a) Do not move the drive when power is turned on or until the drive completely stops (for  
30 seconds) after power is turned off.  
b) Place and keep removed screws and other parts where they will not get lost or damaged.  
c) Keep a record of all maintenance work for replacing.  
(4)  
(5)  
(6)  
Packaging  
a) Store the drive in the antistatic case (Fcell).  
b) It is recommended to use the same cushions and packages as those at delivery. If those at  
delivery cannot be used, use a package with shock absorption so that the drive is free from direct  
shocks. In this case, fully protect the PCA and interface connector so that they are not damaged.  
Delivery  
a) When delivering the drive, provide packaging and do not turn it over.  
b) Minimize the delivery distance after unpacking and avoid shocks and vibrations with cushions.  
For the carrying direction at delivery, use one of the mount allowable directions in Subsection  
4.1.2.  
Storage  
a) Provide moistureproof packaging for storage.  
b) The storage environment must satisfy the requirements specified in Subsection 2.1.3 when the  
drive is not operating.  
c) To prevent condensation, avoid sudden changes in temperature.  
5-2  
C141-E237  
5.2 Setting  
5.2  
Setting  
5.2.1  
Port Address  
Every device that uses the SAS interface has a unique SAS address, and commands use an SAS  
address to identify each device for I/O operations. Every HDD is assigned a unique SAS address  
before shipment from the factory, so setting of an address is not required before the HDDs are used.  
5.3  
Mounting Drives  
5.3.1  
Mounting procedures  
Since mounting the drive depends on the system cabinet structure, determine the work procedures  
considering the requirements specific to each system. The general mounting method and items to be  
checked are shown below.  
See Subsection 4.1 for the details of requirements for installing the HDDs.  
1) With a system to which an external operator panel is mounted, if it is difficult to access the  
connector after the drive is mounted on the system cabinet, connect the external operator panel  
cable before mounting the drive.  
2) Fix the drive in the system cabinet with four mounting screws as follows:  
The drive has 10 mounting holes (both sides: 3 × 2, bottom: 4). Fix the drive by using four  
mounting holes of both sides of the drive or the bottom.  
Use mounting screws of which lengths inside the drive mounting frame are 2.5 mm 0.5 mm  
when the screws are tightened (see Figure 4.3).  
When mounting the drive, be careful not to damage parts on the PCA.  
3) Confirm the DE is not touching the frame on the system side excluding the screw installing part  
after tightening the screws. At least 2.5mm of clearance is required between the DE and the  
frame. (Indicated in Figure 4.3)  
4) When using an electric screwdriver, use the screwdriver that does not apply a force on the drive  
that would exceed the drive specifications.  
C141-E237  
5-3  
Installation  
5.4  
Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDDs for Use  
5.4.1  
Checking initial operation  
The procedure for verifying operation after power-on is explained below.  
Initial diagnosis at the time of power-on:  
(1)  
(2)  
(3)  
a) When the HDDs are turned on, the Active LED blinks and the HDDs perform the initial self-  
diagnosis (controller hardware diagnosis).  
b) When the SAS protocol controller diagnosis is completed normally, the HDDs start the LINK  
RESET sequence defined by the SAS protocol to establish synchronization with the connected  
SAS devices (e.g., the host system).  
c) When the initial diagnosis is completed normally, the HDDs can respond to commands from the  
host.  
Verifying interface connection:  
When verification of initial operation after power-on is completed normally, the host system checks  
whether the HDD connection to the interface is normal. The procedure for this check depends on the  
host system configuration. The following is a general check procedure:  
a) Confirm that the transfer rate and HDD SAS addresses can be recognized during the LINK  
RESET sequence.  
b) Issue the INQUIRY, WRITE BUFFER, and READ BUFFER commands to verify that data is  
received and transmitted normally in the interface.  
Verifying disk drive operation :  
When the LINK RESET sequence has completed, the host system can issue a spindle motor start  
instruction and check whether the disk drive is ready to operate.  
a) The host system instructs the spindle motor to start by sending the NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP)  
primitive to the disk drive.  
b) The HDDs do not start the motor until the NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive is issued.  
c) The disk drive enters the READY state within about 60 seconds after the NOTIFY (ENABLE  
SPINUP) primitive is issued.  
d) The HDD Active LED blinks (flashes on and off every 0.5 seconds) while the motor is running.  
e) The Active LED remains lit when the HDDs enter the READY state. The host system can use  
the TEST UNIT READY command to confirm that the HDDs are in the READY state.  
(4)  
Responses to operation errors :  
a) Confirm again that connectors are securely attached to cables.  
b) Check whether the supply voltage is supplied normally. (Measure the voltage at the power  
connectors of the HDDs.)  
5-4  
C141-E237  
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDDs for Use  
c) Issue the REQUEST SENSE command to collect sense data. When sense data has been collected  
successfully, perform an analysis to check for recoverable errors, and retry operations for  
recovery from any such errors.  
(5)  
Checking at abnormal end  
a) When sense data can be obtained, analyze the sense data and retry recovery for a recoverable  
error. Refer to Chapter 5 “Sense Data and Error Recovery Method” of the Interface  
Specifications for further details.  
5.4.2  
Formatting  
Since the disk drive is formatted with a specific (default) data format for each model (part number)  
when shipped from the factory, the disk need not be formatted (initialized) when it is installed in the  
system.  
However, when the system needs data attributes different from the default format, all sides of the disk  
must be formatted (initialized) according to the procedures below.  
The user can change the following data attributes at initialization:  
Logical data block length  
Number of logical data blocks in the user space  
Alternate spare area size  
This section outlines the formatting at installation. Refer to Subsection 4.1.4 “MODE  
SELECT (15)”, 4.1.5 “MODE SELECT EXTENDED (55)” of the Interface Specifications for  
further details.  
(1)  
MODE SELECT/MODE SELECT EXTENDED command  
Specify the format attributes on the disk with the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED  
command. The parameters are as follows.  
a. Block descriptor  
Specify the size (byte length) of the logical data block in the "data block length" field. To  
explicitly specify the number of logical data blocks, specify the number in the "number of data  
blocks" field. Otherwise, specify 0 in "number of data blocks" field. In this case, the number of  
logical data blocks after initialization is determined by the value specified in the format  
parameter (page code = 3) and drive parameter (page code = 4).  
b. Format parameter (page code = 3)  
Specify the number of spare sectors for each cell in the "alternate sectors/zone" field. It is  
recommended not to specify values smaller than the HDD default value in this field.  
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5-5  
Installation  
(2)  
FORMAT UNIT command  
Initialize entire recording surface of the disk with the FORMAT UNIT command. The FORMAT  
UNIT command initializes entire surface of the disk using the P lists, verifies data blocks after  
initialization, and allocates an alternate block for a defect block detected with verification. With  
initialization, the value "00" is written into all bytes of all logical data blocks. Only the position  
information of defect blocks detected with verification is registered in the G list. The specifications  
are as follows:  
a. Specifying CDB  
Specify 0 for the "FmtData" bit and the "CmpLst" bit on CDB, 000 for the "Defect List Format"  
field, and data pattern written into the data block at initialization for the "initializing data pattern"  
field.  
b. Format parameter  
When the values in step a. are specified with CDB, the format parameter is not needed.  
5-6  
C141-E237  
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDDs for Use  
5.4.3  
Setting parameters  
The user can specify the optimal operation mode for the user system environments by setting the  
following parameters with the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command:  
Error recovery parameter  
Caching parameter  
Control mode parameter  
With the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command, specify 1 for the "SP" bit on  
CDB to save the specified parameter value on the disk. This enables the HDDs to operate by using  
the parameter value set by the user when power is turned on again.  
When the parameters are not set or saved with the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT  
EXTENDED command, the HDDs set the default values for parameters and operates when power is  
turned on or after reset. Although the HDD operations are assured with the default values, the  
operations are not always optimal for the system. To obtain the best performance, set the parameters  
in consideration of the system requirements specific to the user.  
This section outlines the parameter setting procedures. Refer to Subsection 4.1.4 “MODE  
SELECT (15)”, 4.1.5 “MODE SELECT EXTENDED (55)” of the Interface Specifications for  
further details of the MODE SELECT and MODE SELECT EXTENDED commands and specifying  
the parameters.  
1. At factory shipment of the HDDs, the saving operation for the MODE  
SELECT parameter is not executed. So, if the user does not set  
parameters, the HDDs operates according to the default value of each  
parameter  
2. The Mode select parameter is not saved for each INIT ID but as the  
common parameter for all INIT. In the multi-INIT System, parameter  
setting cannot be changed for each INIT.  
3. Once parameters are saved, the saved value is effective as long as next  
saving operation is executed from the INIT. For example, even if the  
initialization of the disk is performed by the FORMAT UNIT command,  
the saved value of parameters described in this section is not affected.  
4. When the HDDs, to which the saving operation has been executed on a  
system, are connected to another system, the user must pay attention to  
that the HDDs operate according to the saved parameter value if the  
saving operation is not executed at installation.  
5. The saved value of the MODE SELECT parameter is assumed as the  
initial value of each parameter after the power-on, the RESET condition..  
The INIT can change the parameter value temporary (actively) at any  
timing by issuing the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED  
command with specifying "0" to the SP bit in the CDB.  
C141-E237  
5-7  
Installation  
(1)  
Error recovery parameters  
The following parameters are used to control operations such as HDD internal error recovery:  
a. Read/write error recovery parameters (page code = 1)  
Parameter  
Default value  
1 (enabled)  
• AWRE:  
• ARRE:  
Automatic alternate block allocation at Write  
operation  
Automatic alternate block allocation at read  
operation  
1 (enabled)  
• TB:  
Uncorrectable data transfer to the INIT  
Immediate correction of correctable error  
Report of recovered error  
0 (disabled)  
1 (enabled)  
0 (disabled)  
0 (Correction is  
enabled.)  
• EER:  
• PER:  
• DCR:  
Suppression of ECC error correction  
• Retry count at read operation  
• Retry count at write operation  
• Recovery time limit  
63  
63  
30 sec  
b. Verify error recovery parameters (page code = 7)  
Parameter  
Default value  
• ERR:  
• PER:  
• DTE:  
Immediate correction of recoverable error  
Report of recovered error  
Stop of command processing at successful  
error recovery  
1 (enabled)  
0 (disabled)  
0 (Processing is  
continued.)  
• DCR:  
Suppression of ECC error correction  
0 (Correction is  
enabled.)  
• Retry count at verification  
63  
c. Additional error recovery parameters (page code = 21)  
Parameter  
Default value  
15  
• Retry count at seek error  
Notes:  
1. The user can arbitrarily specify the following parameters according to the system  
requirements:  
ARRE  
AWRE  
TB  
PER  
2. The user also can arbitrarily specify parameters other than the above. However, it is  
recommended to use the default setting in normal operations.  
5-8  
C141-E237  
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDDs for Use  
(2)  
Caching parameters  
The following parameters are used to optimize HDD Read-Ahead caching operations under the  
system environments. Refer to Chapter 3 “Data Buffer Management” of the Interface Specifications  
for further details.  
Parameter  
Initiator control  
Default value  
• IC:  
0 (Drive-specific  
control (page  
cache))  
• RCD:  
• WCE:  
• MS:  
Disabling Read-Ahead caching operations  
Write Cache Enable  
0 (enabled)  
1 (enabled)  
Specifying the multipliers of "minimum  
0 (Specifying  
prefetch" and "maximum prefetch" parameters  
absolute value)  
• DISC:  
Prefetch operation after track switching during  
prefetching  
1 (enabled)  
• Number of blocks for which prefetch is suppressed  
• Minimum prefetch  
X'FFFF'  
X'0000'  
• Maximum prefetch  
X' XXXX'  
(1 cache segment)  
• Number of blocks with maximum prefetch restrictions  
• Number of segments  
X'FFFF'  
X'08'  
Notes:  
1. When Read-Ahead caching operations are disabled by the caching parameter, these  
parameter settings have no meaning except write cache feature.  
2. Determine the parameters in consideration of how the system accesses the disk. When the  
access form is not determined uniquely because of the processing method, the parameters  
can be re-set actively.  
3. For sequential access, the effective access rate can be increased by enabling Read-Ahead  
caching operations and Write Cache feature.  
(3)  
Control mode parameters  
The following parameters are used to control the tagged queuing and error logging.  
a. Control mode parameters  
Parameter  
• Queue algorithm modifier  
Default value  
0 (Execution sequence of  
read/write commands is  
optimized.)  
• QErr:  
Resume or abort remaining suspended  
commands after sense pending state  
0 (command is resumed)  
• DQue:  
Disabling tagged command queuing  
0 (enabled)  
C141-E237  
5-9  
Installation  
5.5  
Dismounting Drives  
Since the method and procedure for dismounting the disk drive for replacement of the drive, etc.  
depends on the locker structure of the system, etc., the work procedure must be determined in  
consideration of the requirements specific to the system. This section describes the general  
procedure and notes on dismounting the drive.  
Damage  
1. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the system while power is  
supplied to it.  
The spindle motor can be stopped by a START/STOP command. It  
takes about 30 seconds for the spindle motor to stop completely.  
Then, dismount the drive using the drive mounting/dismounting  
mechanism, etc. of the system. If the drive is dismounted while the  
spindle motor is running, special care is required to avoid excessive  
vibration or shock to the drive. Just in case, stop dismounting once  
when SAS connector breaks off contact and wait until the spindle motor  
stops (about 30 seconds.).  
When storing or transporting the drive, put it in the antistatic bag  
(refer to Section 5.1).  
2. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the system while power is  
not supplied to it.  
Dismount the drive using the drive mounting/dismounting mechanism,  
etc. of the system.  
When storing or transporting the drive, put it in the antistatic bag  
(refer to Section 5.1).  
5.6  
Spare Disk Drive  
See Subsection 2.1.1, “Model name and order number,” to order a disk drive for replacement or as a  
spare  
5-10  
C141-E237  
CHAPTER 6  
Diagnostics and Maintenance  
6.1 Diagnostics  
6.2 Maintenance Information  
6.3 Operation Check  
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures  
This chapter describes diagnostics and maintenance information.  
6.1  
Diagnostics  
6.1.1  
Self-diagnostics  
The HDDs have the following self-diagnostic function. This function checks the basic operations of  
the HDDs.  
Initial self-diagnostics  
Online self-diagnostics (SEND DIAGNOSTIC command)  
Table 6.1 lists the contents of the tests performed with the self-diagnostics. For a general check of  
the HDDs including the operations of the host system and interface, use a test program that runs on  
the host system (see Subsection 6.1.2).  
Table 6.1  
Self-diagnostic functions  
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Diagnostics and Maintenance  
Brief test contents of self-diagnostics are as follows.  
a. Hardware function test  
This test checks the basic operation of the controller section, and contains following test.  
RAM (microcode is stored)  
Peripheral circuits of microprocessor (MPU)  
Memory (RAM)  
Data buffer  
b. Seek test  
This test checks the positioning operation of the disk drive using several seek modes (2 points  
seek, 1 position sequential seek, etc.). The positioning operation is regarded as success when the  
seek operation to the target cylinder is completed.  
c. Write/read test  
This test checks the write/read function by using the internal test space of the disk drive.  
(1)  
Initial self-diagnostics  
When the HDDs are turned on, they run the initial self-diagnostics. The initial self-diagnostics test  
the basic operations of hardware functions.  
If the initial self-diagnostics detect an error, the LED on the drive blinks. The HDDs in this state  
post the CHECK CONDITION status to all I/O operation requests except the REQUEST SENSE  
command. The initiator can collect sense data when the CHECK CONDITION status is posted.  
Sense data contains detailed information on the error detected by the initial self-diagnostics.  
When sense data has been collected after the CHECK CONDITION status has been posted, the  
CHECK CONDITION status continues and the LED keeps blinking. This status can be cleared only  
when the HDDs are turned off and turned on again. When the status is cleared, the HDDs run the  
initial self-diagnostics again.  
The HDDs do not reply to requests from the host system for a maximum of 2 seconds after the start  
of the initial self-diagnostics. Thereafter, the HDDs can accept I/O operation requests normally, but  
any received command, except commands that are executable even in the not ready state, is  
terminated with the CHECK CONDITION status until the spindle motor reaches the normal  
rotational speed and the HDDs become ready. The commands that are executable even in the not  
ready state are executed in parallel with the initial self-diagnostics, or they are queued by the  
command queuing feature and executed when the initial self-diagnostics is completed.  
If the initial self-diagnostics detect an error, the CHECK CONDITION status is posted for all of the  
commands received and queued during the initial self-diagnostics.  
6-2  
C141-E237  
6.1 Diagnostics  
(2)  
Online self-diagnostics (SEND DIAGNOSTIC command)  
The INIT can make the HDDs execute self-diagnostics by issuing the SEND DIAGNOSTIC  
command.  
The INIT specifies the execution of self-diagnostics by setting 1 for the SelfTest bit on the CDB in the  
SEND DIAGNOSTIC command and specifies the test contents with the UnitOfl bit.  
When the UnitOfl bit on the CDB is set to 0, the HDDs execute the hardware function test only once.  
When UnitOfl bit is set to 1, the HDDs execute the hardware function test, seek (positioning) test,  
and data write/read test for the internal test space only once.  
a. Error recovery during self-diagnostics  
During the self-diagnostics specified by the SEND DIAGNOSTIC command, when the  
recoverable error is detected during the seek or the write/read test, the HDDs perform the error  
recovery according to the MODE SELECT parameter value (read/write error recovery parameter,  
additional error recovery parameter) which the INIT specifies at the time of issuing the SEND  
DIAGNOSTIC command.  
PER  
0
Operation of self-diagnostics  
The self-diagnostics continues when the error is recovered. The self-  
diagnostics terminates normally so far as the unrecoverable error is not  
detected.  
1
The self-diagnostics continues when the error is recovered. If the  
unrecoverable error is not detected, the consecutive tests are executed till last  
test but the self-diagnostics terminates with error. The error information  
indicates that of the last recovered error.  
b. Reporting result of self-diagnostics and error indication  
When all specified self-diagnostics terminate normally, the HDDs post the GOOD status for the  
SEND DIAGNOSTIC command.  
When an error is detected in the self-diagnostics, the HDDs terminate the SEND DIAGNOSTIC  
command with the CHECK CONDITION status.  
When the CHECK CONDITION status is posted, sense data contains detailed information on the  
error detected by the initial self-diagnostics.  
The HDD status after the CHECK CONDITION status is posted differs according to the type of  
the detected error.  
a) When an error is detected in the seek or write/read test, the subsequent command can be  
accepted correctly. When the command other than the REQUEST SENSE is issued from  
the same INIT, the error information (sense data) is cleared.  
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6-3  
Diagnostics and Maintenance  
b) When an error is detected in the hardware function test, the HDDs post the CHECK  
CONDITION status for all I/O operation request except the REQUEST SENSE command.  
The error status is not cleared even if the error information (sense data) is read. Only when  
the power is turned off or re-turned on, the status can be cleared. When this status is  
cleared, the HDDs execute the initial self-diagnostics again (see item (1)).  
Refer to Subsection 4.4.1 “SEND DIAGNOSTIC (1D)” of the Interface Specifications for further  
details of the command specifications.  
6.1.2  
Test programs  
The basic operations of the HDDs themselves can be checked with the self-diagnostic function.  
However, to check general operations such as the host system and interface operations in a status  
similar to the normal operation status, a test program that runs on the host system must be used.  
The structure and functions of the test program depend on the user system requirements. Generally,  
it is recommended to provide a general input/output test program that includes devices connected to  
the input/output devices on other I/O ports.  
Including the following test items in the test program is recommended to test the HDD functions  
generally.  
(1)  
(2)  
(3)  
Interface test  
The operations of the data buffer on the HDDs are checked with the WRITE BUFFER and READ  
BUFFER commands.  
Basic operation test  
The basic operations of the HDDs are checked by executing self-diagnosis with the SEND  
DIAGNOSTIC command (see Subsection 6.1.1).  
Random/sequential read test  
The positioning (seek) operation and read operation are tested in random access and sequential  
access modes with the READ, READ EXTENDED, or VERIFY command.  
6-4  
C141-E237  
6.2 Maintenance Information  
6.2  
Maintenance Information  
See Section 5.1 for notes on packing and handling when returning the disk drive.  
Data loss  
Save data stored on the disk drive to other media before requesting  
repair. Fujitsu does not assume responsibility if data is destroyed  
during servicing or repair.  
6.2.1  
Precautions  
Take the following precautions to prevent injury during maintenance and troubleshooting:  
High temperature  
To prevent injury, never touch the drive while it is hot. The DE and  
LSI become hot during operation and remain hot immediately after  
turning off the power.  
Electrical shock  
Never touch the HDDs while power-feeding.  
Take the following precautions to prevent disk drive damage during maintenance and  
troubleshooting:  
Damage  
1. Always ground yourself with a wrist strap connected to ground  
before handling. ESD (Electrostatics Discharge) may cause the  
damage to the device.  
2. Never use a conductive cleaner to clean the HDDs.  
3. Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.  
4. Never remove the PCA.  
5. Never open the disk enclosure for any reason.  
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6-5  
Diagnostics and Maintenance  
6.2.2  
Maintenance requirements  
Preventive maintenance  
(1)  
Preventive maintenance is not required.  
(2)  
(3)  
Service life  
See "(3) Service life," in Section 2.1.5.  
Parts that can be replaced in the field  
The PCA cannot be replaced in the field. The DE cannot be replaced in the field.  
(4)  
Service system and repairs  
Fujitsu has the service system and repair facility for the disk drive. Contact Fujitsu representative to  
submit information for replacing or repairing the disk drive. Generally, the following information  
must be included:  
a) Model part number (P/N), revision number, serial number (S/N), and date of manufacturing  
b) Error status  
Date when the error occurred  
System configuration  
Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and voltage)  
c) Error history  
d) Error contents  
Outline of inconvenience  
Issued commands and specified parameters  
Sense data  
Other error analysis information  
6-6  
C141-E237  
6.2 Maintenance Information  
6.2.3  
Maintenance levels  
If a disk drive is faulty, replace the whole disk drive since repair requires special tools and  
environment. This section explains the two maintenance levels.  
(1)  
Field maintenance (disk drive replacement)  
This replacement is done at the user's site.  
Replacement uses standard tools.  
Replacement is usually done by the user, retail dealer, distributor, or OEM engineer.  
(2)  
Factory maintenance (parts replacement)  
This replacement can only be done by Fujitsu.  
Replacement includes maintenance training and OEM engineer support. OEM engineers usually  
support retail dealers and distributors.  
Replacement uses factory tools and test equipment.  
6.2.4  
Revision numbers  
The revision number of the disk drive is represented with a letter and a number indicated on the label  
attached on the HDDs. Figure 6.1 shows an example of the label.  
Figure 6.1 Revision label (example)  
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6-7  
Diagnostics and Maintenance  
(1)  
Indicating revision number at factory shipment  
When the disk drive is shipped from the factory, the revision number is indicated by deleting  
numbers in the corresponding letter line up to the corresponding number with = (see Figure 6.2).  
(2)  
Changing revision number in the field  
To change the revision number because parts are replaced or other modification is applied in the  
field, the new level is indicated by enclosing the corresponding number in the corresponding letter  
line with bold line (see Figure 6.2).  
When the revision number is changed after the drive is shipped from  
the factory, Fujitsu issues "Engineering Change Request/Notice" in  
which the new revision number is indicated. When the user changes  
the revision number, the user should update the revision label as  
described in item (2) after applying the modification.  
Rev. A2  
At shipment  
Rev. A3  
Revising at field  
Figure 6.2 Indicating revision numbers  
6.2.5  
Tools and test equipment  
Disk drive troubleshooting and repair in the field require only standard hand tools. No special tools  
or test equipment are required.  
This manual does not describe the factory-level tools and test equipment.  
6-8  
C141-E237  
6.2 Maintenance Information  
6.2.6  
Tests  
This disk drive can be tested in the following ways:  
Initial seek operation check (See Subsection 6.3.1)  
Operation test (See Subsection 6.3.2)  
Diagnostic test (See Subsection 6.3.3)  
Figure 6.3 shows the flow of these tests.  
Start  
Start self-test by  
turning the power on  
No  
Check host system  
(Table 6.2)  
Test results OK?  
Yes  
No  
Analyze system-related  
error  
Host system  
normal?  
Execute an operation  
test using a host  
computer or test  
equipment  
Yes  
Replaced or repair  
disk drive  
No  
Test results OK?  
No  
Disk drive  
normal?  
Yes  
Yes  
Continue operation  
Execute diagnostic  
test using a host  
computer or test  
equipment  
No  
Test results OK?  
Yes  
Test using voltage or  
temperature stress  
No  
Analyze disk drive  
error (Table 6.3)  
Test results OK?  
Yes  
Normal  
Figure 6.3 Test flowchart  
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6-9  
Diagnostics and Maintenance  
6.3  
Operation Check  
6.3.1  
Initial seek operation check  
If an error is detected during initialization by the initial seek operation check routine at power-on, the  
spindle motor of the disk drive stops, and then the disk drive becomes unusable.  
For an explanation of the operation check before the initial seek, refer to the Section 5.4.  
6.3.2  
Operation test  
While the host computer is processing data, the HDDs monitor disk drive operation including data  
processing, command processing, and seek operations. If the HDDs detect an error, the HDDs post  
the error to the INIT. The INIT then posts the error to the user.  
The user may detect an intermittent or nonfatal error such as abnormal noise, abnormal odor, or very  
slow operation.  
An error posted in an operation test must be investigated. Replace the disk drive to see whether the  
error was caused by the disk drive.  
Often, errors posted in an operation test may be caused by the host system. Possible causes include  
insufficient power capacity, loose cable connection, insufficient timing or insufficient mechanical  
play, and problems related to other systems.  
If an operation error is detected by the error detection circuit of the disk drive, an interrupt occurs.  
The interrupt is posted to the MPU on the PCA. The MPU stops the currently processed command,  
and causes the CHECK CONDITION status to post the error to the INIT.  
When receiving the CHECK CONDITION status, the INIT collects detailed information via SENSE  
data.  
To analyze the error posted in the operation test, reconstruct the conditions in which the error  
occurred. Then, start troubleshooting the whole host system by replacing the disk drive.  
6.3.3  
Diagnostic test  
The diagnostic test is executed to find a faulty subassembly in a faulty disk drive, or to check disk  
drive performance. This test is usually a combination of specific disk drive functions or group of  
functions. This test may be executed using a different host computers or test equipment and away  
from the environment where the error first occurred.  
To analyze the error posted in the diagnostic test, reconstruct the conditions in which the error  
occurred. Then, look for a possibly faulty subassembly or part of the disk drive.  
The procedures to be used in this test depend largely on the type of test equipment used, and are not  
covered by this manual.  
6-10  
C141-E237  
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures  
6.4  
Troubleshooting Procedures  
6.4.1  
Outline of troubleshooting procedures  
This section explains the troubleshooting procedures for disk drive errors.  
Depending on the maintenance level, analyze the error to detect a possibly faulty part (disk drive, or  
disk drive part).  
Full-scale troubleshooting is usually required if the error cause is not known. If the error cause is  
clear (e.g., abnormal noise in disk enclosure or burning of the PCA), troubleshooting is  
straightforward.  
6.4.2  
Troubleshooting with disk drive replacement in the field  
At this level of maintenance, we recommend replacing the disk drive as a unit. If replacing the disk  
drive rectifies the fault, return the removed disk drive to the factory, for test and repair. If the newly  
installed disk drive does not rectify the fault another part of the system is faulty.  
Table 6.2 summarizes system-level field troubleshooting. Troubleshooting must be done in the field,  
to find faulty part (disk drive or system).  
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6-11  
Diagnostics and Maintenance  
Table 6.2  
System-level field troubleshooting  
Item  
DC power level  
Recommended work  
Check that the DC voltage is within the specified range (±5%).  
For +5V DC, measure the voltage between pin P8 (+5V) of the interface  
connector and the nearest PCA mounting screw (GND) from the  
interface connector, and confirm the value is from 4.75 to 5.25 VDC.  
For +12V DC, measure the voltage between pin P14 (+12V) of the  
interface connector and the nearest PCA mounting screw (GND) from  
the interface connector, and confirm the value is from 11.4 to 12.6 VDC.  
Electrical noise  
Make sure the maximum ripple peak-to-peak value of +5V DC is within  
250 mV and +12V DC is within 250 mV.  
Make sure the high frequency noise (over 20 MHz) is less than  
100 mVp-p.  
System cables  
Check that all system cables are connected correctly.  
System diagnostic test  
When possible, execute the system level diagnostic routine as explained  
in the host computer manual. This gives a detailed report of a possible  
fault.  
Intermittent or nonfatal errors  
Check the AC voltage from the power supply. Check the DC voltage  
level at the power connector for the disk drive.  
If the AC voltage level is abnormal or there is a lot of electrical noise,  
notify the user of the error.  
If the DC voltage level is unstable, replace the power supply unit.  
If possible, replace the disk drive. If replacing the disk drive does not  
eliminate the error, the removed disk drive is probably not faulty. To  
continue error analysis, refer to the hardware and software manuals  
supplied with the system.  
6-12  
C141-E237  
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures  
6.4.3  
Troubleshooting at the repair site  
For maintenance at this level, we recommend additional testing of the disk drive and signal checking.  
The sense data posted from the HDDs help with troubleshooting. This sense data makes the error type clear  
(functional, mechanical, or electrical error). Chapter 7 error analysis by sense data, and gives  
supplementary information on finding the error cause (faulty part).  
Table 6.3 lists how to detect a faulty disk drive subassembly. This fault finding requires a working  
host computer or disk drive test equipment to recreate the error conditions.  
If the detected error cannot be recreated in an ordinary test, disk drive conditions can be changed to  
force the error to recur. This is done by changing the DC voltage or the ambient temperature of the  
disk drive.  
If the error does not recur with changed conditions, the disk drive is not faulty. If no error occurs in  
the disk drive test, notify the user of the test results, and find out from the user the environment  
conditions where the disk drive is used.  
Table 6.3  
Disk drive troubleshooting  
Recommended action  
Item  
Frequent or repeated seek errors  
Collect sense data, and see Chapter 7.  
Replace the disk drive, and check that the test method is correct. If the  
error recurs, it is likely that the disk drive is normal but the test method  
is incorrect.  
Intermittent or nonfatal errors  
Replace the disk drive, and check that the test method is correct. If the  
error recurs, it is likely that the disk drive is normal but the test method  
is incorrect.  
To check performance, change the disk drive conditions by changing  
the voltage or temperature.  
If the disk drive error recurs or a possibly faulty part is found by troubleshooting, return the complete  
disk drive to the factory for repair. A media defect list must be included with the disk drive returned  
to the factory.  
If the possibly faulty part is the disk enclosure, return the whole disk drive to the factory for repair.  
Also if a clear error (erroneous servo track information or noisy drive) is detected in the disk  
enclosure, return the whole disk drive to the factory. A media defect list must be included with the  
disk drive returned to the factory.  
Damage  
1. Never remove any labels from the drive.  
2. Never open the disk enclosure for any reason. Doing so will void  
any warranties.  
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6-13  
Diagnostics and Maintenance  
6.4.4  
Troubleshooting with parts replacement in the factory  
This manual does not cover troubleshooting at the factory level.  
6.4.5  
Finding possibly faulty parts  
Finding possibly faulty parts in the field was explained in Subsection 6.4.2. This manual does not  
cover finding possibly faulty parts at the factory level.  
6-14  
C141-E237  
CHAPTER 7  
Error Analysis  
7.1 Error Analysis Information Collection  
7.2 Sense Data Analysis  
This chapter explains in detail how sense data collected from a disk drive is used for troubleshooting. Sense  
data reflects an error in the disk drive, and helps with troubleshooting.  
A sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense code qualifier, taken from various sense data are  
repeated. Also in this chapter, troubleshooting is performed using these three codes. Unless otherwise  
specified, "sense data" means the above three codes. When sense data is represented as (x-xx-xx), the  
leftmost x is a sense key, the middle xx is an additional sense code, and the rightmost x is an additional sense  
code qualifier.  
7.1  
Error Analysis Information Collection  
Sense data  
7.1.1  
When HDDs post a CHECK CONDITION status, the current command or queued command is  
cleared. In such a case, the HDDs generate sense data about the command-issuing INIT. The INIT  
can read the sense data by reading the sense data added to the response frame of the command where  
an error occurred (Auto Sense function).  
7.1.2  
Sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense code qualifier  
If an error is detected in a disk drive, the error status is indicated in the sense data collected from the  
disk drive. Figure 7.1 shows the positions of a sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense  
code qualifier.  
C141-E237  
7-1  
Error Analysis  
Bit 7  
Byte 0 Valid  
1
6
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
X‘70’ or X‘71’ (error code)  
X‘00’  
2
3
0
ILI  
0
Sense key  
[MSB]  
4
Information  
5
6
[LSB]  
7
X‘28’ (additional sense data length)  
Command-specific information  
8
[MSB]  
Basic  
information  
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
[LSB]  
Additional sense code  
Additional sense code qualifier  
X‘00’  
15 SKSV  
16  
17  
Sense key-specific information  
18  
19  
20  
0
0
0
Port  
0
0
0
0
CDB operation code  
Additional  
information  
Detail information  
47  
ILI:  
Incorrect Length Indicator  
MSB: Most Significant Byte  
LSB: Least Significant Byte  
SKSV: Sense Key Specific Valid  
Figure 7.1 Format of extended sense data  
7-2  
C141-E237  
7.2 Sense Data Analysis  
7.2  
Sense Data Analysis  
7.2.1  
Error information indicated with sense data  
Subsection 7.2.2 onwards explain troubleshooting using sense data. For details of the following  
sense data, refer to Chapter 5 “Sense Data Error Recovery Methods” of the Interface Specifications.  
Table 7.1 lists the definition of sense data. For details of sense data, refer to the Interface  
Specifications.  
Table 7.1  
Definition of sense data  
Sense data  
Additional  
sense code  
qualifier  
Definition  
Sense  
key  
Additional  
sense code  
3
4
0C  
32  
03  
01  
A write to a disk terminated abnormally.  
Failed to update the defect list (due to unrecoverable error during  
write, verify error after write.).  
40  
xx  
xx  
An error occurred in power-on self-diagnosis.  
A drive error occurred.  
C4  
1
3
1x  
1x  
xx  
xx  
A disk read error occurred.  
A disk read error occurred.  
E
5
1D  
2x  
44  
47  
4B  
4E  
00  
xx  
xx  
xx  
xx  
00  
Data discrepancy found by VERIFY command byte check.  
A SCSI error, such as an invalid operation code, occurred.  
A hardware error occurred inside HDDs.  
An interface error occurred.  
4 or B  
B
An interface error occurred.  
An overlap command was issued.  
C141-E237  
7-3  
Error Analysis  
7.2.2  
Sense data (3-0C-03), (4-32-01), (4-40-xx), (4-C4-xx), and (4-44-xx)  
Sense data (3-0C-03), (4-32-01), (4-40-xx), (4-C4-xx), and (4-44-xx) indicate one of the following:  
A target sector could not be detected using the sector counter.  
A seek process overran the specified time.  
A write to a disk terminated abnormally.  
An error occurred in power-on self-diagnosis.  
A drive error occurred.  
The symptoms above are generally caused by an error in a PCA or DE.  
7.2.3  
Sense data (1-1x-xx), (3-1x-xx) and (E-1D-00): Disk read error  
If sense data (1-1x-xx), (3-1x-xx) or (E-1D-00) occurs frequently in a specific block of a disk, there  
is disk damage that was not recorded in the media defect list. In this case, assign an alternate block  
to the error-detected block using a REASSIGN BLOCKS command. For an explanation of the  
REASSIGN BLOCKS command, refer to Subsection 4.3.2 “REASSIGN BLOCKS (07)” of the  
Interface Specifications.  
If this error occurs in different blocks, a PCA or DE is faulty.  
7.2.4  
Sense data (5-2x-xx), (B-44-xx), (B-47-xx), (B-4B-xx) and (B-4E-00): interface error  
Sense data (5-2x-xx), (B-44-xx), (B-47-xx), (B-4B-xx) and (B-4E-00) indicates one of the following  
symptoms:  
An invalid or unsupported command was issued, or invalid or unsupported parameters were  
specified.  
An interface error occurred.  
A hardware error occurred inside HDDs.  
If this error occurs, the PCA or the interface is faulty.  
7-4  
C141-E237  
Glossary  
Additional Sense Code  
This is a 1-byte code displayed in the sense data and is information which  
specifies the type of error that was detected.  
CCS  
Common Command Set  
This is the standard form of SCSI logical specifications stipulated by the  
operations subcommittee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)  
which stipulates functions which a direct access device (magnetic disk, etc.)  
should support.  
CDB  
Command Descriptor Block  
A series of data which describes commands related to input/output operations,  
sent from the initiator to the target.  
Command  
Initiator (INIT)  
SAS Device  
SCSI  
This is a command to a target to perform an input/output operation, and it is  
described as the CDB.  
This is an SAS device which initiates input and output operations on the SAS bus.  
In this manual, initiator has been abbreviated to "INIT."  
The general name given to a device which is connected to the SAS bus  
(input/output device, I/O controller, host adapter, expander, etc.).  
Small Computer System Interface  
The standardized input/output interface of the American National Standards  
Institute (ANSI). [Standard No.: ANSI X3. 131-1986]  
Sense Data  
When several items of error information are included in a command's completion  
status, this is information generated by the target for reporting detailed  
information on that status.  
Sense Key  
Status  
This is a 4-bit code displayed in the sense data. It contains information for  
classifying the type of error that was detected.  
This is 1 byte of information reported to the initiator by the target device when  
execution of each command is completed, which displays the command's  
completion state.  
C141-E237  
GL-1  
Glossary  
Target (TARG)  
This is the SAS device that executes the input/output operations initiated by the  
initiator (INIT). In this manual, target is abbreviated "TARG."  
GL-2  
C141-E237  
Acronyms and Abbreviations  
A
E
AC  
Alternating Current  
ECC  
EER  
Error Correction Code  
Enable Early Recovery  
ACK  
AEN  
ALT  
ACKnowledge primitive  
Asynchoronous Event Notification  
ALTernated (block)  
EVPD Enable Vital Product Data  
ARRE Automatic Read Reallocation  
Enabled  
F
ASCII American Standard Code for  
Information Interchange  
FG  
FIFO  
Frame Ground  
First In First Out  
ASG  
ASiGned block  
FmtData Format Data  
FOV  
FUA  
AWG American Wire Gauge  
AWRE Automatic Write Reallocation  
Enabled  
Format Options Valid  
Force Unit Access  
G
B
G
G list  
Gap  
bpi  
bits per inch  
Grown defect list  
BytChk Byte Check  
H
C
H
HDC  
HDD  
Height  
Hard Disk Controller  
Hard Disk Drive  
C list  
CCS  
CDB  
CE  
Target Certification list  
Common command set  
Command descriptor block  
Customer Engineer  
HSEC Hard SECtor  
CmpLst Complete List  
CRC  
CYL  
Cyclic Redundancy Check  
CYLinder  
I
ID  
IDentifier  
ILBN  
Ideal Logical Block Number  
Immed Immediate  
D
INDX/SCT INDeX/SeCTor  
D
Depth  
IP  
Initialization Pattern  
InterSector Gap  
D list  
DBD  
DC  
Data Defect List  
Disable Block Descriptor  
Direct Current  
ISG  
DCR  
Disable Correction  
L
DCRT Disable CeRtificaTion  
LBdata Logical Block data  
DE  
DEF  
Disk Enclosure  
DEFective block  
LBN  
LED  
LUN  
LSI  
Logical Block Number  
Light Emitting Diode  
Logical Unit Number  
DevOfl Device Offline  
DPO Disable Page Out  
DPRY Disable PRimarY  
Large-Scale Integration Circuit  
DSP  
Disable Saving Parameters  
DTDC Data Transfer Disconnect Control  
DTE  
Disable Transfer on Error  
C141-E237  
AB-1  
Acronyms and Abbreviations  
M
T
MPU  
MR  
MS  
MicroProcessor Unit  
Magnetro Resistive  
Multiple Select  
TB  
TPI  
TRM  
Transfer Block  
Tracks Per Inch  
TeRMinator  
N
U
NACK Negative ACKnowledge primitive  
UnitOfl Unit Offline  
O
V
OEM  
Original Equipment Manufacturer  
VCM  
VPD  
VU  
Voice Coil Motor  
Vital Product Data  
Vendor Unique  
P
P list  
P/N  
Primary defect list  
Parts/Number  
W
PBdata Physical Block data  
PC boardPrinted Circuit board  
W
WCE  
WP  
Width  
Write Cache Enable  
Write Protect  
PCA  
PER  
PF  
Printed Circuit Assembly  
Post ERror  
Page Format  
WWN World Wide Name  
PLO Sync Phase Lock Oscillator Syncronous  
PMI Partial Medium Indicator  
PR4ML Partial Response class 4 Maximum  
Likelihood  
R
RC  
RCD  
RH  
RMB  
RSV  
Read Continuous  
Read Cache Disable  
Relative Humidity  
ReMovaBle  
ReSerVed  
S
S/N  
Serial/Number  
SAS  
SBd  
SBi  
SCSI  
SCT  
Serial Attached SCSI  
Synchronized Byte data area  
Synchronized Byte identifier area  
Small Computer System Interface  
SeCTor  
SelfTest Self Test  
SG  
SP  
SPR  
Signal Ground  
Save Page  
SPaRe block  
Servo  
SR  
SSEC Soft SECtor  
STPF SToP Format  
SURF SURFace  
AB-2  
C141-E237  
Index  
defect management....................................... 3-10  
defective block slipping.................................. 1-4  
delivery........................................................... 5-2  
diagnosis......................................................... 1-4  
diagnostic........................................................ 6-1  
diagnostic test ............................................... 6-10  
diagnostics and maintenance .......................... 6-1  
dimension ....................................................... 4-1  
disk ................................................................. 1-5  
disk drive replacement.................................... 6-7  
disk read error................................................. 7-4  
dismounting drive......................................... 5-10  
dual SAS port support..................................... 1-2  
A
actuator........................................................... 1-5  
additional error recovery parameter ............... 5-8  
allowable input voltage and current................ 4-7  
alternate area................................................... 3-9  
alternate block allocation.............................. 3-10  
alternate block allocation by REASSIGN  
BLOCKS command................................ 3-12  
alternate block allocation during  
FORMAT UNIT command execution .... 3-11  
alternate spare area ......................................... 3-4  
automatic alternate block allocation............. 3-13  
automatic alternate block allocation at  
E
read operation ......................................... 3-13  
automatic alternate block allocation at  
write operation ........................................ 3-13  
automatic alternate block reassignment.......... 1-3  
ECC ................................................................ 3-7  
environmental temperature............................. 4-5  
environmental/power requirement.................. 2-4  
error analysis................................................... 7-1  
error analysis information collection.............. 7-1  
error information indicated with sense  
data............................................................ 7-3  
error rate ......................................................... 2-5  
error recovery ................................................. 1-3  
error recovery during self-diagnostic.............. 6-3  
error recovery parameter ................................ 5-8  
external magnetic field ................................... 4-6  
B
basic operation test ......................................... 6-4  
BCRC ............................................................. 3-7  
block address of user space ............................ 3-9  
block descriptor .............................................. 5-5  
C
cache feature................................................... 1-2  
caching parameter........................................... 5-9  
changing revision number in field.................. 6-8  
checking at abnormal end............................... 5-5  
checking initial operation ............................... 5-4  
checking operation after installation and  
preparing HDD for use ............................. 5-4  
command queuing feature .............................. 1-3  
compactness.................................................... 1-1  
connection requirement .................................. 4-8  
connector location .......................................... 4-8  
continuous block processing........................... 1-2  
control mode parameter.................................. 5-9  
controller circuit ............................................. 1-5  
current waveform ........................................... 4-7  
cylinder configuration .................................... 3-1  
F
factory maintenance........................................ 6-7  
field maintenance............................................ 6-7  
finding possibly faulty part........................... 6-14  
format capacity ............................................... 3-8  
format of extended sense data......................... 7-2  
format parameter......................................5-5, 5-6  
FORMAT UNIT command ............................ 5-6  
formatting ....................................................... 5-5  
function specification ..................................... 2-2  
G
gap .................................................................. 3-7  
general note .................................................... 5-1  
D
H
data field......................................................... 3-7  
data format...................................................... 3-1  
data security at power failure.......................... 2-6  
data space ....................................................... 3-1  
defect list ...................................................... 3-10  
hardware function test .................................... 6-2  
hardware specification.................................... 2-1  
hardware structure .......................................... 1-5  
head................................................................. 1-5  
high speed positioning.................................... 1-4  
C141-E237  
IN-1  
Index  
high-speed data transfer..................................1-2  
P
packaging........................................................5-2  
PAD ................................................................3-7  
page code = 1..................................................5-8  
page code = 3..................................................5-5  
page code = 7..................................................5-8  
page code = 21................................................5-8  
part replacement..............................................6-7  
part that can be replaced in field.....................6-6  
physical sector allocation................................3-5  
PLO Sync........................................................3-7  
port address.....................................................5-3  
port addressing................................................1-6  
positioning error rate.......................................2-5  
power on/off sequence....................................4-7  
power supply requirement ..............................4-7  
precaution .......................................................6-5  
preventive maintenance ..................................6-6  
programmable data block length.....................1-3  
I
indicating revision number at factory  
shipment....................................................6-8  
initial diagnosis at time of power-on ..............5-4  
initial seek operation check...........................6-10  
initial self-diagnostic.......................................6-2  
installation.......................................................5-1  
installation requirement ..................................4-1  
installation/removal/replacement....................5-2  
interface connector..........................................4-9  
interface error .................................................7-4  
interface test....................................................6-4  
internal test space............................................3-3  
L
large capacity..................................................1-4  
leak magnetic flux...........................................4-6  
limitation of bottom-mounting .......................4-4  
limitation of side-mounting ............................4-4  
logical data block addressing..........................3-8  
low noise and low vibration............................1-4  
low power consumption..................................1-4  
R
random/sequential read test.............................6-4  
read/write circuit.............................................1-5  
read/write error recovery parameter................5-8  
ready LED output signal...............................4-11  
reliability.........................................................2-5  
reporting result of self-diagnostic and  
error indication..........................................6-3  
reserve and release function............................1-3  
responses to operation errors ..........................5-4  
restriction of use of hazardous substance........1-1  
revision number ..............................................6-7  
M
maintenance information ................................6-5  
maintenance level ...........................................6-7  
maintenance requirement................................6-6  
microcode downloading..................................1-4  
MODE SELECT/MODE SELECT  
EXTENDED command.............................5-5  
model name and order number .......................2-1  
mounting drive................................................5-3  
mounting frame structure................................4-3  
mounting orientations.....................................4-2  
mounting procedure........................................5-3  
mounting requirement.....................................4-1  
mounting screw...............................................4-3  
MTBF .............................................................2-5  
MTTR .............................................................2-6  
multi-segment data buffer...............................1-2  
S
SAS standard...................................................1-2  
sector format ...................................................3-6  
seek test...........................................................6-2  
self-diagnostic.................................................6-1  
SEND DIAGNOSTIC command....................6-3  
sense data........................................................7-1  
1-1x-xx .................................................... 7-4  
3-0C-03.................................................... 7-4  
3-1x-xx .................................................... 7-4  
4-32-01 .................................................... 7-4  
4-40-xx .................................................... 7-4  
4-44-xx .................................................... 7-4  
4-C4-xx.................................................... 7-4  
5-2x-xx .................................................... 7-4  
B-44-xx.................................................... 7-4  
B-47-xx.................................................... 7-4  
B-4B-xx ................................................... 7-4  
B-4E-00 ................................................... 7-4  
E-1D-00 ................................................... 7-4  
sense data analysis ..........................................7-3  
N
noise filter.......................................................4-8  
note on handling drive ....................................5-1  
note on mounting............................................4-3  
O
online self-diagnostic......................................6-3  
operation check.............................................6-10  
operation test.................................................6-10  
outline of troubleshooting procedure............6-11  
IN-2  
C141-E237  
Index  
sense key, additional sense code, and  
track format .................................................... 3-5  
track skew and head skew............................... 3-5  
troubleshooting at repair site ........................ 6-13  
troubleshooting procedure............................ 6-11  
troubleshooting with disk drive  
additional sense code qualifier.................. 7-1  
sequential starting of spindle motor................ 4-7  
service clearance area..................................... 4-6  
service life ...............................................2-6, 6-6  
service system and repair................................ 6-6  
setting ............................................................. 5-3  
setting parameter ............................................ 5-7  
spare disk drive............................................. 5-10  
specification.................................................... 2-1  
specifying CDB .............................................. 5-6  
spindle motor.................................................. 1-5  
standard feature .............................................. 1-1  
start/stop of spindle motor.............................. 1-4  
storage ............................................................ 5-2  
sync mark ....................................................... 3-7  
system configuration ...................................... 1-6  
system space................................................... 3-3  
replacement in field................................. 6-11  
troubleshooting with part replacement in  
factory ..................................................... 6-14  
U
unpackaging.................................................... 5-2  
unrecoverable error rate.................................. 2-5  
user space........................................................ 3-3  
V
verify error recovery parameter...................... 5-8  
verifying disk drive operation......................... 5-4  
verifying interface connection........................ 5-4  
T
W
test .................................................................. 6-9  
test program.................................................... 6-4  
tool and test equipment................................... 6-8  
write/read test ................................................. 6-2  
C141-E237  
IN-3  
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C141-E237-01EN  
MAX3147RC, MAX3073RC, MAX3036RC  
HARD DISK DRIVES PRODUCT/MAINTENANCE MANUAL  
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