Black Box Computer Accessories TS580A R4 User Manual

TS580A-R4  
CAT5/5e/6 LAN Performance Verifier  
Digitally certify cables and devices  
in Gigabit Etthernet networks.  
Customer Order toll-free in the U.S.: Call 877-877-BBOX (outside  
Support  
Information  
U.S. call 724-746-5500) FREE technical support 24  
hours a day, 7 days a week: Call 724-746-5500 or fax  
724-746-0746 Mailing address: Black Box Corporation,  
1000 Park Drive, Lawrence, PA 15055-1018 Web site:  
NOM Statement  
Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NOM)  
Electrical Safety Statement  
INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD  
1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán  
ser leídas antes de que el aparato eléctrico sea operado.  
2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser  
guardadas para referencia futura.  
3. Todas las advertencias en el aparato eléctrico y en sus  
instrucciones de operación deben ser respetadas.  
4. Todas las instrucciones de operación y uso deben ser  
seguidas.  
5. El aparato eléctrico no deberá ser usado cerca del agua—  
por ejemplo, cerca de la tina de baño, lavabo, sótano  
mojado o cerca de una alberca, etc.  
6. El aparato eléctrico debe ser usado únicamente con  
carritos o pedestales que sean recomendados por el  
fabricante.  
7. El aparato eléctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al  
techo sólo como sea recomendado por el fabricante.  
8. Servicio—El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al  
equipo eléctrico más allá a lo descrito en las instrucciones  
de operación. Todo otro servicio deberá ser referido a  
personal de servicio calificado.  
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NOM Statement  
9. El aparato eléctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su  
posición no interfiera su uso. La colocación del aparato  
eléctrico sobre una cama, sofá, alfombra o superficie  
similar puede bloquea la ventilación, no se debe colocar  
en libreros o gabinetes que impidan el flujo de aire por los  
orificios de ventilación.  
10. El equipo eléctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de  
fuentes de calor como radiadores, registros de calor,  
estufas u otros aparatos (incluyendo amplificadores) que  
producen calor.  
11. El aparato eléctrico deberá ser connectado a una fuente  
de poder sólo del tipo descrito en el instructivo de  
operación, o como se indique en el aparato.  
12. Precaución debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra  
fisica y la polarización del equipo no sea eliminada.  
13. Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal  
manera que no sean pisados ni pellizcados por objetos  
colocados sobre o contra ellos, poniendo particular  
atención a los contactos y receptáculos donde salen del  
aparato.  
14. El equipo eléctrico debe ser limpiado únicamente de  
acuerdo a las recomendaciones del fabricante.  
15. En caso de existir, una antena externa deberá ser  
localizada lejos de las lineas de energia.  
16. El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando  
el equipo no sea usado por un largo periodo de tiempo.  
17. Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos  
liquidos no sean derramados sobre la cubierta u orificios  
de ventilación.  
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NOM Statement  
18. Servicio por personal calificado deberá ser provisto  
cuando:  
A: El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido dañado; u  
B: Objectos han caído o líquido ha sido derramado dentro  
del aparato; o  
C: El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia; o  
D: El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un  
cambio en su desempeño; o  
E: El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido dañada.  
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Trademarks Used in this Manual  
Trademarks Used in this Manual  
Black Box and the Double Diamond logo are registered  
trademarks of BB Technologies, Inc.  
Microsoft, Excel, Windows, and MS-DOS are registered  
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.  
UNIX is a registered trademark of X/Open Company Ltd.  
Any other trademarks mentioned in this manual are  
acknowledged to be the property of the trademark owners.  
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Table of Contents  
Table of Contents  
1. Specifications .....................................................................8  
2. Overview ..........................................................................9  
2.1 Introduction...............................................................9  
2.2 Features.....................................................................9  
2.3 What’s Included ......................................................10  
2.4 Applications.............................................................11  
2.5 The LPV List of Functions...........................................13  
3. The Three Phases of LAN Installation ..............................15  
4. Faceplate Description.......................................................16  
5. Documenting Test Results................................................18  
6. Operation ........................................................................19  
6.1 Powering On and Backlighting................................19  
6.2 The Main Unit’s Navigation Button.........................20  
6.3 Main Menu..............................................................20  
6.3.1 CAT5/6 UTP Cable Testing............................21  
6.3.2 CAT5/6 UTP LPV Level 1...............................22  
6.3.3 CAT5/6 UTP LPV Level 2...............................29  
6.3.4 Reviewing CAT5/6 UTP Test Results.............32  
6.3.5 CAT5/6 Basic Test.........................................40  
6.3.6 Coax Testing .................................................44  
6.4 Naming/Saving Test Results....................................47  
6.5 Reviewing/Erasing Printer Memory.........................51  
6.6 Printing from a PC...................................................54  
6.7 Network Testing......................................................60  
6.7.1 Scan One Port................................................61  
6.7.2 Monitor Inline................................................64  
6.7.3 Send Beacon................................................. 67  
Appendix A. Straight-through Cable Coupler.......................69  
Appendix B. Ping and TCP/IP Debugging Tools....................70  
Appendix C. Examples of UTP Cable Faults..........................75  
Appendix D. Making a Correct UTP Cable ...........................79  
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Chapter 1: Specifications  
1. Specifications  
Power — (2) 9-V batteries (one for test unit and one for probe)  
Size — Test unit: 6"H x 3.125"W x 1.5"D (15.2 x 7.9 x 3.8 cm);  
Probe: 1.5"H x 1.5"W x 8"L (3.8 x 3.8 x 20.3 cm)  
Weight — Kit: 2.05 lb. (0.93 kg);  
Test Unit: 0.5 lb. (0.23 kg);  
Probe: 0.25 lb. (0.11 kg)  
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Chapter 2: Overview  
2. Overview  
2.1 Introduction  
Over half of all network problems are caused by faulty cables.  
And with network speeds increasing exponentially, the need for  
affordable, sophisticated test equipment is more apparent than  
ever before.  
With the CAT5/5e/6 LAN Performance Verifier, you can check  
your network cabling and devices to ensure they work at the  
speeds promised by their manufacturers. Ideal for IT managers  
and technicians responsible for cabling and network hardware,  
the CAT5/5e/6 LAN Performance Verifier enables you to quickly  
spot slow cables, bad connectors, incorrect wiring, improper  
lengths, and low signal levels from hubs, switches, PCs, and  
other LAN hardware. It digitally certifies cables and devices in  
Gigabit Ethernet networks.  
You can also decode your network devices’ capabilities and  
signal levels, and even place the tester in-line between any two  
devices to determine the negotiated speed. Or perform single-  
side tests without powering down devices or unplugging cables.  
2.2 Features  
• Verify that cables and LAN hardware perform at their  
advertised speeds.  
• High-speed TDR provides nanosecond-accurate results.  
• Locates opens, shorts, and splits, and pinpoints the exact  
distance to the fault or split.  
• Stores up to 250 test results you can download to your PC via  
the USB port.  
• Includes a toner/probe to locate wires in crowded wiring  
closets.  
• Tests 10-, 100-, and 1000-Mbps devices for data signal levels.  
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Chapter 2: Overview  
• Enables you to test in-line between two devices to determine  
the autonegotiated speed.  
• Sophisticated algorithm converts test results into easy-to-read  
graphs that clearly show the cable’s speed capability  
(CAT3/5/5e/6).  
• Transfer the test results from up to 250 stored tests to your  
PC’s Excel® spreadsheet via the USB port.  
2.3 What’s Included  
• (1) tester  
• (1) tuner/probe  
• (2) CAT5e cables  
• (1) RJ-45 to coax adapter  
• (1) USB cable  
• (1) results tablet  
• “Passed” stickers  
• (2) 9-volt batteries  
• (1) software CD  
• (1) case  
• This user’s manual  
CAUTION: When connecting, the LAN Performance Verifier  
has two RJ-45 jacks (“LEFT,” “RIGHT”). The LEFT  
jack is for testing cables (the jack is not protected  
from voltages).  
The RIGHT jack is for testing switches (it is  
protected from PoE voltage).  
Protect the LPV from telephone and Power over  
Ethernet (PoE) voltages by using the "RIGHT"  
socket when connecting to these devices and  
when toning.  
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Chapter 2: Overview  
Help with device installation and PoE:  
Installers of VoIP phones, IP cameras, or access  
points should use a power panel for exact measure-  
ments of PoE voltage and power usage, displaying  
the presence of 10,100,1000 switches and the pair  
location of each.  
NOTE: Power over Ethernet (PoE) powers devices over the  
CAT5/6 cable.  
2.4 Applications  
Works with UTP and all Ethernet devices: Unlike traditional  
certifiers, the LAN Performance Verifier (LPV) uses digital circuit-  
ry and digital testing techniques to perform its tasks. These tests  
include traditional TIA568 cable verification (length, opens,  
shorts, split pairs, wire map) for unshielded twisted pair (UTP)  
plus the LPV's own sophisticated crosstalk, timing, and cable  
parameter tests that yield a UTP cable's category (CAT3, CAT5,  
CAT5e, CAT6) and speed capability (10, 100, 1000 Mbps). And  
the LPV can use your own network devices (hubs, switches, PCs)  
to test UTP cables with real data. The LAN Performance Verifier  
analyzes links and data from all types of hubs, switches, and  
PCs. It performs both single-sided tests for advertised speed (10,  
100, 1000 Mbps, and duplex) and inline tests (between devices)  
for negotiated speed. The engine of the LPV circuitry is capable  
of 1 nanosecond resolution.  
Works with coax cable: Use the LPV to test for the length of  
the cable, opens, shorts, wiremap, and distance to any faults  
that might exist. As with UTP, coax can be toned with the toner  
feature and test results can be stored in the LPV’s flash memory  
for printing later. No LPV tests are performed on coax cable.  
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Chapter 2: Overview  
What is LAN Performance Verification?  
LAN performance verification means that a UTP cable passed a  
prescribed battery of tests and is therefore not likely to cause  
problems later. The LPV has two levels of verification:  
LPV Level 1: Performed with the Main Unit and the Remote  
Probe, Level 1 tests the cable for length; opens, shorts, split pairs  
and distance to the fault; wire map (displays cable wiring); NEXT  
and FEXT (crosstalk tests); propagation delay (time to transit  
cable); skew (time delay between pairs); cable category (CAT3,  
5, 5e, 6); and speed projection (10, 100, 1000 Mbps).  
LPV Level 2: Includes all Level 1 tests plus it takes advantage of  
a real live data source (hub, switch, or PC) to test for attenuation  
and device type. An LPV Level 2 test verifies speed of both the  
cable and the LAN device.  
Networks are installed in steps. First, cables are installed. Then  
hubs, switches, and PCs follow. Cables and network interfaces  
are known as the physical layer. The higher software layers  
provide addressing, file transfers. etc. If the physical layer does  
not work, the communications layers (software) will not work.  
Debugging cables, ports, and network software together is  
time-consuming, frustrating, and ultimately very expensive.  
There are too many unknowns. Using a LAN Performance  
Verifier on your cables eliminates unknowns, making it easier to  
get a network up and running. And, once the hardware is  
operational, you can run software layer tests (ping, etc.) from  
any workstation (see Appendix B).  
What is the best time to LAN Performance Vertify a cable?  
The best time to vertify a cable is when the installer is still readily  
available to repair any faults that are found. Installers should  
verify before they leave, so that they will not lose money by  
having to return to a job site to do warranty repairs. Network  
professionals should also verify before the warranty period  
expires.  
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Chapter 2: Overview  
2.5 The LPV List of Functions  
UTP CABLES. LAN Performance Verification Level 1 tests:  
Length measurement of each cable pair.  
Locates opens, shorts, and distance to the fault.  
Locates split pairs and the distance to the split.  
Wire map. Graphs cables’ internal pairing.  
NEXT (near-end) and FEXT (far-end) crosstalk.  
Propagation delay (time for data to travel the length of the  
cable).  
Skew (time delay between pairs).  
Cable typing. CAT 3, 5, 5e, 6.  
Speed Projection: Displays test results as a graph projecting  
the cable’s speed capability (up to 1 Gbps).  
UTP CABLES. LAN Performance Verification Level 2 tests. Adds:  
Attenuation. Graphs level of real live data from PC, hub or  
switch.  
Speed Vertification (Level 2). Enhanced speed display samples  
real live data on active pairs to the limit of the device (1 Gbps).  
NOTE: Level 2 tests use real data from your hub, switch, or PC.  
COAX CABLES:  
Length, open, shorts, distance to fault, tone, and wire map.  
NETWORK DEVICE TESTING:  
Single-sided and inline port tests check the ability of the hub,  
switch, or PC to communicate by displaying their advertised  
and negotiated capabilities.  
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Chapter 2: Overview  
Data signal strength. Single-sided test exercises the suspect  
hub, switch, or PC and displays the data signal strength of  
active pairs.  
NAMING TEST RESULTS, PRINTER, AND TONER PROBE:  
Naming tests. Test names can be up to 16 characters each.  
Toner/probe. Includes a full-featured toner/probe. Tones coax  
and all 4 UTP pairs to locate wires in crowded wiring closets.  
Printer memory. Stores test results for up to 250 UTP and coax  
tests for later printing (requires a PC with Excel). USB data-  
transfer cable and software is included.  
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Chapter 3: The 3 Phases of LAN Installation  
3. The Three Phases of LAN Installation  
The LPV is designed for the network installer, the network repair  
person, and the IT manager. The tests used during the three  
phases of LAN installation can also be used to troubleshoot  
LANs that have operational problems.  
The installation of a LAN is generally handled in phases. The  
cabling is installed; then the switches and PCs are installed; and  
then everything is connected. The LPV plays a role during all  
three phases, saving countless hours of troubleshooting.  
Phase I. Use the LPV during cable installation (before the  
switches and PCs are installed). After the LAN cable has been  
pulled through the building and terminated, it is good practice  
to verify LAN performance. Verify that the cabling is terminated  
properly and test that the cable is proper for the intended use  
(for example, CAT5e for Gigabit networks).  
Phase II. Use the LPV after the switches and PCs are installed.  
Before connecting the cables to the switches and PCs, verify that  
each switch port and PC are operational. This provides a wealth  
of information:  
It verifies that the device is ON (that is, it is transmitting); the  
speed of the device (10, 100, 1000 Mbps) ; duplex; and other  
features.  
Phase III. Use the LPV when connecting the cabling to the  
switches and PCs. With the cabling verified and LAN  
Performance Verified (Phase I) and the switch and PCs checked  
out (Phase II), all that remains is 1) getting the equipment com-  
municating and 2) verifying each LAN link is performing at the  
speed expected. To do this, use LAN Performance Verification  
Level 2 to test the cable and port combinations. And use the  
network tests inline capability to connect the LPV between 2  
LAN devices to verify the negotiated speed of the link.  
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Chapter 4: Faceplate Description  
4. Faceplate Description  
The CAT5/5e/6 LAN Performance Verifier is illustrated in Figure  
4-1. Its components are described here.  
Components  
1. LPV Main Unit  
The Main Unit connects to any CAT 5/6, coax cable or 10, 100,  
or 1000BASE-T device and performs tests needed for their instal-  
lation and repair. For certain tests, it can be inserted inline  
between two LAN devices.  
2. Main Unit Jacks  
Left, Coax, and Right: Use the left jack for UTP testing. Use the  
right jack for network testing.  
3. “Printer” port  
Use to transfer stored testing data (up to 250 tests) to a PC. This  
requires Excel. USB data-transfer cable is included.  
4. Power and LCD backlighting  
Press the recessed power button. To backlight the display, press  
the SEL button during the opening screen. The LPV powers OFF  
if there is no activity for 10 minutes.  
5. Cursor and SELECT buttons  
Use the cursor buttons to select the function to be performed.  
Press the SEL button to select the functions.  
6 and 7. LPV Remote Probe  
The Remote Probe performs 2 functions:  
6. Tracing cables: Use it as an inductive probe to trace cables  
with the tone generated by the Main Unit.  
7. Far-end cable termination: The Remote Probe's jack is used to  
terminate the far end of the cable when the wire map test is  
conducted.  
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Chapter 4: Faceplate Description  
Figure 4-1. LAN Performance Verifier and Remote Probe.  
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Chapter 5: Documenting Test Results  
5. Documenting Test Results  
The LAN Performance Verifier includes three ways to document  
your test results.  
1. You can use a custom tablet (included) to fill in the test  
results.  
2. You can apply “PASSED” stickers (included) to wall outlets  
and LAN devices to verify their capability.  
3. You can print the results. Printer Memory stores test results  
for up to 250 LAN performance verification tests, basic UTP  
tests, and coax tests for later printing (requires a PC with  
Excel). A 6-ft. (1.8-m) USB transfer cable, driver, and software  
is included.  
“Passed” stickers  
Documentation tablet  
Transfer readings  
to Excel for printing  
(USB cable included).  
See Section 6.5.  
Figure 5-1. Test results.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
6. Operation  
6.1 Powering On and Backlighting  
Figure 6-1 shows the tester’s backlight selection screen. Figure  
6-2 illustrates the tester’s power button.  
Figure 6-1. Backlight selection screen (lighting the LCD display).  
Figure 6-2. Power/selection button.  
POWERING ON: Press the power button (PWR) and release to  
turn ON the tester. The “backlighting” screen appears (see  
Figure 6-1). Pressing the select (SEL) button while this screen is  
present turns on LCD lighting (“backlighting”). Backlighting is  
important when working in dim light, but it shortens battery life.  
NOTE: Once enabled, the LCD will remain backlit until the tester  
is powered OFF. The backlight selection screen (Figure  
6-1) is always lighted during the 3-second period that it is  
displayed. This allows you to turn the tester ON in a dark  
area and SELECT backlighting during the process.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
6.2 The Main Unit’s Navigation Button  
To navigate through the LAN Performance Verifier screen, use  
these keys:  
Figure 6-3. Navigation buttons.  
• PWR. Power ON/OFF (see previous page for backlighting).  
• SEL (SELECT). Press to perform task. Appears as uon LCD.  
• The UP arrow. Appears as pon LCD.  
• The DOWN arrow. Appears as qon LCD.  
The SELECT button’s function always selects the task. But the  
function of the UP and DOWN arrow buttons may change with  
each screen. For example, the Main Menu uses the UP arrow  
button to return the tester to the MAIN MENU and uses the  
DOWN arrow button to scroll the cursor.  
6.3 Main Menu  
Figure 6-4. Main menu.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
This menu shown in Figure 6-4 is the gateway to all the LPV’s  
tests. Scroll the cursor with the down arrow button and press  
SELECT to perform the task.  
uCAT5/6 UTP: Test and verify UTP cables with or without LAN  
devices (hubs, switches, PCs) connected. Perform basic cable  
tests on UTP cables. Tone UTP cables. Move the cursor to  
CAT5/6 UTP and press Select.  
uCOAX CABLE: Test coax cables for length, opens, shorts,  
distance to fault, and wire map. Two adapters are included. Tone  
coax cables. See Section 6.3.6.  
uNETWORK PORTS: Perform tests on LAN (hubs, switches, PCs)  
devices. Move the cursor to Network Ports and press Select.  
uPRINTER MEMORY: Printer memory is used to store the results  
of up to 250 LPV Level 1, Level 2, basic tests, and coax tests for  
later printing. Move the cursor to Printer Memory and press  
Select if you want to Review the tests stored in memory or Erase  
memory.  
6.3.1 CAT5/6 UTP Cable Testing  
Figure 6-5. UTP cable testing menu.  
VERIFY UTP: Move the cursor to VERIFY UTP and press Select to  
start LPV Level 1 testing of a cable. LPV tests have two levels:  
Level 1 uses the Main Unit and Remote Probe to perform the  
basic cable testing plus speed parameter testing and cable  
category testing.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
When the Level 1 test is complete, you can choose to  
continue to Level 2 and use real data from your own hub,  
switch, or PC to expand the testing. Verify is designed for 4-pair  
cable only (use Basic Test UTP for other pairings). See Section  
2.5, List of Functions for a listing of tests. 250 test results can be  
stored for later printing.  
BASIC TEST UTP: Move the cursor to Basic Test UTP and press  
Select to test UTP cable for length, opens, shorts, split pairs (plus  
distance to these faults), and wire map. BASIC TEST UTP does  
not perform LAN performance verification.  
TRACER TONES ON: Move the cursor to Tracer Tones On and  
press Select if you wish to energize a cable with a tone (plug the  
cable into the Main Unit's RIGHT jack). The Remote Probe  
detects the tone at the far end of the cable. This is useful in  
locating cables in crowded wiring closets. When selected, tracer  
tones will stay on for one hour.  
NOTE: Use the right jack when tracing unknown cables (it is  
protected from accidental high voltage exposure).  
6.3.2 CAT5/6 UTP LPV Level 1  
Figure 6-6. Verify UTP.  
Perform LP Verification Level 1 (UTP cables) and Level 2 (UTP  
cables and LAN devices).  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
Figure 6-7. Press the down arrow button q  
after cable is connected.  
Follow the instructions. Only an uncoiled cable will give you  
accurate test results. At this point in the testing, the far end of  
the cable should not be connected to any device.  
NOTE: If the cable is connected to a device, you will be alerted to  
check the far end of the cable. When ready to proceed, press  
the down arrow (qTEST).  
Error Messages: If there is a problem that stops the test from  
proceeding, one of the following error messages will be  
displayed:  
CABLE IS ACTIVE: There is an active network port on the far end  
of the cable. You will need to unplug it to proceed.  
CHECK CABLE END: A voltage is present on one or more of the  
cable pairs, or the Remote Probe is connected to the cable end  
when it is not needed. You will need to unplug it to proceed.  
NO CABLE: There is no cable connected or an inactive port is  
plugged into the far end of the cable.  
NOTE: If errors persist from test to test, contact Black Box  
Technical Support at 724-746-5500  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
Figure 6-8. Stranded or Solid wire selection screen.  
The LAN Performance Verifier has the unique ability to test both  
cables constructed of stranded wire (commonly called “patch”  
cables) and solid-core wire. Scroll to select the cable and press  
Select.  
How to tell the difference: If the cable is installed in a wall, it is  
almost certainly a solid core wire. Preassembled cable with end  
fittings already attached is usually stranded cable. Also, stranded  
cable is more flexible than solid wire. If you bend the cable and it  
does not attempt to spring back to its original shape, it is most  
likely solid cable.  
NOTE: The minimum length of each cable type is shown on the  
screen for Verify Tests. If your cable is shorter than this,  
use the Basic Cable Test. Once the selection is made,  
cable testing will automatically commence.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
Figure 6-9. Testing progress is shown on the screen.  
Figure 6-10. Any problems will be displayed (see Appendix C).  
During this phase of testing, information about length, opens,  
shorts, split pairs, crosstalk, cable category, and speed is being  
gathered and computed. If there are no cable problems, testing  
continues until you are prompted to connect the Remote Probe  
and perform a wire map test. If all is OK, testing will finish (the  
“speed” screen is displayed).  
NOTE: If there is a problem with the cable, the problem will be  
displayed, and testing will be halted. The problem must  
be corrected before testing can continue. See Appendix C  
for examples of cable failures.  
Complete results are immediately available for Review and  
Saving after the test is completed. This “test now, review later”  
feature greatly speeds up the test process when you have  
multiple cable installations.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
Time to test: Short cables take longer to test because fewer  
measurements per pass are possible. The thousands of  
measurements required are accomplished much faster on longer  
cables than shorter cables.  
Figure 6-11. Testing is halted  
until the Remote Probe is connected.  
The Remote Probe is required for the wire map to be  
constructed. Plug the Remote Probe into the far end of the  
cable. Tracer tones have been turned ON to help locate cables in  
crowded areas (press the TRACE button on the Remote Probe  
and hold it close to the cable to follow the tone). The Main  
Unit’s wire map test is triggered when the Remote Probe is  
connected to the far end of the cable (there are no buttons to  
push). The wire map tests for correct cable pairing.  
NOTE: The wire map is displayed during the Review process, not  
during the test.  
Remote Probe LEDs. The Remote Probe needs to be connected  
only for a brief period. Flashing LED(s) indicate the test is pro-  
gressing. A steady LED indicates the test is completed. This saves  
you an extra trip to retrieve the probe. If LED(s) continue to flash  
the cable, the cable has a wiring problem. Disconnect the probe  
and go to the Main Unit to see the results.  
NOTE: If you plan to test to LAN Performance Verification Level  
2, now is a good time to plug in the hub, switch, or PC (it  
will save you a trip).  
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Figure 6-12. Remote probe.  
Figure 6-13. LPV Level 1 final screen (when you see this,  
Level 1 is completed and available for review).  
When the above screen appears, the Level 1 LPV is complete. If  
you select REVIEW/SAVE, you will enter the Test Results Option  
Screen. To discard the test results immediately, select EXIT.  
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Figure 6-14. Test results option screen.  
REVIEW TEST: View results from the Level 1 test. After the  
review, you may return to this screen to NAME/SAVE the results.  
SAVE READINGS: Store the test results in PRINTER MEMORY for  
printing later and do not continue to Level 2 testing. The next  
sequential Reading Number (1–250) will be assigned along with  
any name that has been created (see EDIT TEST NAME below).  
LPV TEST PORT: Continue to Level 2 verification. Requires a PC,  
hub, or switch to drive the cable.  
EDIT TEST NAME: Create a name (not required) that is stored  
with the sequential reading number. If you continue to Level 2  
you will have another chance to create a name.  
EXIT: Discards the test results and returns to the Main Menu.  
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6.3.3 CAT5/6 UTP LPV Level 2  
Figure 6-15. Perform LAN Performance Verification Level 2.  
(UTP cables and LAN devices).  
Figure 6-16. If you have selected to continue with LAN  
Performance Verification Level 2, this screen appears.  
LAN Performance Verification Level 2 adds to the battery of tests  
conducted in Level 1 by testing the cable with real live data from  
any hub, switch, or PC.  
NOTE: The screen (above) reminds you that the best source of  
data is a Gigabit device. A Gigabit device drives the cable  
with data up to a Gigabit speeds (1000 Mbps) on all four  
pairs. Connect the port to the cable and press qto  
continue with Level 2.  
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FAQ: What is the difference between Level 1 and Level 2  
and when do I use it? Level 1 verification tests for length,  
opens, shorts, split pairs (including distance to the fault) along  
with propagation delay, skew, NEXT, FEXT, and cable category  
measurements. Level 1 testing uses simulated digital signals to  
test the cable. Level 2 adds to the testing with the use of real live  
data from a NIC, hub, or switch. Use Level 1 for new cable  
installations or anytime a LAN device (hub, switch, PC) is not  
available.  
Figure 6-17. Testing Link Pulses from a Gigabit device.  
Figure 6-18. Testing Link Pulses from a 100-Mbps device.  
The first step in the Level 2 process is to read the link pulses of  
the LAN device and determine its advertised capability. Every  
LAN device broadcasts its capability in terms of speed, duplex,  
and other features (known as “advertised” capabilities) to other  
LAN devices.  
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First example (shown in Figure 6-17): The LPV has found a  
Gigabit device (1000 Mbps) on Pairs 1, 2 and 3, 6 that is capable  
of transmitting at 10, 100, and 1000 Mbps at full-duplex.  
1000-Mbps devices use all 4 pairs.  
Second example (shown in Figure 6-18): The LPV has found a  
100-Mbps device on Pairs 3, 6 that is capable of transmitting at  
10 and 100 Mbps at half-duplex. Typically, devices that transmit  
on Pairs 1, 2 are PCs and devices that transmit on 3, 6 are hubs  
and switches.  
When completed, press the down arrow key qto continue.  
Data Signal Levels: Immediately following the link pulse test,  
the Main Unit tests the data signal levels from the LAN device.  
The levels are not displayed at this time but are available during  
Review.  
Figure 6-19. LPV Level 2 final screen (when you see this screen,  
Level 2 is completed and available for review).  
When the above screen appears, the Level 2 LPV is complete.  
The complete results of both the Level 1 and Level 2 readings  
are available for immediate review. You have the choice of  
discarding the test readings (“EXIT”) or REVIEWING or SAVING  
the Level 1 and Level 2 readings in Printer Memory (“REVUE/  
SAVE”).  
NOTE: If you select Revue/Save, you will have an option to name  
the test (Edit Test Name) before saving.  
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Figure 6-20. Review, create a name for the test  
and/or save the test results.  
6.3.4 Reviewing CAT5/6 UTP Test Results  
Figure 6-21. Review the readings from the most recent test or  
store the readings in printer memory.  
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Figure 6-22. Cable Category is the first screen  
of many that are stored.  
The “cable category” is universally accepted as the speed  
capability of the cable. CAT3 was the original twisted-pair cable  
that connected 10-Mbps networks together. Then came CAT5  
(used in networks up to 100 Mbps). Followed by CAT5e (gener-  
ally considered adequate for up to 1000-Mbps networks). As  
you become familiar with cable category, you will notice that  
few cables get rated higher than their factory labeling. This is  
because cables are manufactured and tested to minimum  
specifications. If the cable exceeds minimum specifications, it  
passes the manufacturer's inspection.  
When ready to proceed, press qREVIEW.  
Figure 6-23. Verification Level 1 Speed Projection.  
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LAN Performance Verification Level 1 displays the projected  
speed capability of the cable. The graph is a result of thousands  
of measurements used to project the speed of the cable. This is  
one of the most useful and money-saving displays. For instance,  
it is possible that some shorter, installed CAT5 cable (rated for  
100 Mbps) are capable of communicating at a 1000 Mbps. This  
graph will indicate such. Many users conclude their cable testing  
with Level 1 and skip the Level 2.  
Figure 6-24. Length/Timing summary screen.  
Length: The length of the shortest cable pair (in feet). 330 feet  
(100 m) is the longest cable allowed by the 802.3 standard.  
The LAN Performance Verifier can test cables up to 1250 feet  
(381 m) in length.  
Propagation delay: The time it takes for a data signal to travel  
the length of the cable (in nanoseconds). An abnormally long  
propagation delay indicates the cable is “too slow” for the  
application. Either the cable itself is too slow or there is an error  
in the wiring. The standard allows a maximum 555 nsecs  
propagation delay (CAT6 cables).  
Skew: The difference in the propagation delay between the  
slowest pair and the fastest pair in the cable (in nanoseconds). A  
small skew ensures that data, on each pair, will arrive at the  
receiver at about the same time. A large skew reading causes  
errors. 50 nsecs is the maximum allowable skew.  
To continue reviewing, press the down arrow key q.  
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Figure 6-25. LPV Level 1 Pass/Fail Summary Screen.  
DELAY OK: The propagation delay of the cable is within specifi-  
cation.  
SKEW OK: The skew of the cable is within specification.  
NEXT OK, FEXT OK: Indicates that “near end crosstalk” (at the  
near connector) and at “crosstalk far end” (a distance removed  
from the near connector) is within acceptable limits. Crosstalk is  
interference created by signal coupling between adjacent wires  
of the cable.  
SPLIT OK: The wire contains no split pairs. See Appendix D for a  
definition of "split pairs" and notes on making a correct cable.  
MAP OK: The pair wiring of the cable is correct. See Appendix  
D.  
PATCH/SOLID: The type of wire specified.  
TOL(TOLERANCE): A calculated value using cable length, delay,  
NEXT, FEXT, cable category (CAT 3, 5, 5e, 6) and speed (10  
Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps). Zero percent equals failure to  
meet specifications at a given speed. One percent is barely  
passing; 100 percent is maximum tolerance.  
Tolerance is largely cable length driven. The longer the cable is,  
the less the tolerance. However, lower category cables eat up  
tolerance faster than higher category cables.  
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If tolerance is below 15%, you may wish to consider using a  
repeater, hub, or switch to shorten the cable run. This is  
especially true if you are in a “noisy” environment (large electro-  
mechanical machines, etc.).  
Figure 6-26. A correct wire map for a straight through cable.  
WIRE MAP: The wire map displays the pairing of the wires in the  
cable. The example wire map indicates that the first pair  
(comprised of Pins 1 and 2) is 203 feet long and terminates in  
Pins 1 and 2 on the far end of the cable.  
Figure 6-27. Propagation and skew (per pair) screen.  
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Figure 6-28. Propagation and skew per pair.  
Timing data per pair: The next two screens give you the timing  
of the propagation delay and skew for each pair in the cable.  
Large variations between pairs indicate trouble.  
NOTE: A given pair’s skew is the difference in propagation delay  
between that pair and the slowest pair in the cable.  
The following screen only appears if Verification Level 2 was  
performed:  
Figure 6-29. Signal levels of real live data from a Gigabit switch.  
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Figure 6-30. Signal levels of real live data  
from a 100-Mbps switch.  
The signal level screen is one the most powerful tools used  
during Level 2 verification. It is a live signal attenuation display.  
If the level is below the DATA MIN line, you may experience  
faulty transmissions. If the signal is well above the DATA MIN  
line, you have plenty of "headroom". Press the down arrow key  
qto continue.  
The two examples above show the differences between Gigabit  
devices and 10-and 100-Mbps devices. With a Gigabit device it  
is possible to view real live data on all four pairs whereas a  
10- and 100-Mbps device can only transmit on one pair. A  
Gigabit device is a full duplex device that uses all four pairs,  
therefore making it a perfect device to get a full view of all four  
pairs of the cable.  
The following screen only appears if Verification Level 2 was  
performed:  
Figure 6-31. LAN Performance Verification Level 2  
summary screen.  
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LAN Performance Verification Level 2 displays the LAN  
Performance Verified Level 2 speed capability of the cable. The  
display is the result of the data gathered during Level 1 testing  
(simulated data) and Level 2 testing (real data) into a graph that  
“LAN Performance Verifies” the speed capability of the cable.  
Additional notes: The Level 2 testing adds real live data with the  
connection of a real live data source (a hub, switch, or PC) to the  
far end of the cable. This adds an important test element: signal  
attenuation of live data. Adding this to the test data gathered  
during Level 1 testing creates Level 2 testing. The end result of  
LAN Performance Verification Level 2 is the speed graph shown  
above. It verifies the measured data speed capability of the cable  
in Figure 6-31. Use Level 2 verification whenever you want to  
test a cable with real live data. With the Level 2 testing, you are  
LAN Performance Verifying both your cable and your network  
port at the same time (you can test your cable with the exact  
port that it will use in the network).  
Figure 6-32. If you see this screen again, you are  
reviewing the same data again.  
Select EXIT at any time to stop the Review. If you select EXIT,  
you will be given the option to SAVE the test results with  
or without a NAME or to discard the results. Select REVIEW  
to continue reviewing.  
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Figure 6-33. Test results option screen “EXIT.“  
See Section 6.4 for Saving and Naming instructions.  
NOTE: Once a reading is SAVED, it is too late to create a NAME.  
6.3.5 CAT5/6 Basic Test  
Test UTP for opens, short, split pairs, length and distance to  
fault.  
Figure 6-34. Basic UTP testing.  
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Figure 6-35. UTP Cable Test Main menu.  
BASIC TEST UTP: Move the cursor to BASIC TEST and press  
SELECT to test a UTP cable for length, opens, shorts, split pairs  
(plus distance to these faults) and wire map. BASIC TEST UTP is a  
quick test and does not perform LAN Performance Verification.  
Basic test results can be stored in Printer Memory.  
NOTE: BASIC TEST UTP is often used when a cable fails to pass  
the LPV test. Or it is used to test 2-pair UTP wiring (LPV  
can only be performed on 4-pair wire).  
Figure 6-36. Press the down arrow button  
after the UTP cable is connected.  
Follow the instructions on the screen (plug the cable you wish to  
test into the LEFT jack). Only an uncoiled cable will give you the  
most accurate length measurement. At this point in the testing,  
the far end of the cable should not be connected to any device.  
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NOTE: If the far end of the cable is connected to any device it  
will notify you to check the far end of the cable. When  
ready to proceed, press (qTEST).  
Error Messages: If there is a problem that stops the test  
from proceeding, one of the following error messages will be  
displayed:  
CABLE IS ACTIVE: There is an active network port on the far end  
of the cable. You will need to unplug it to proceed.  
CHECK CABLE END: A voltage is present on one or more of the  
cable pairs or the REMOTE PROBE is connected to the cable end  
when it is not needed. You will need to unplug it to proceed.  
NO CABLE: There is no cable connected or an inactive port is  
plugged into the far end of the cable. Plug in the cable or  
disconnect the inactive port.  
Figure 6-37. Testing progress is displayed.  
Cable testing has commenced. You can follow its progress  
on the display. During this phase of testing, information about  
length, opens, shorts, and split pairs is being gathered and  
computed. If any cabling errors are encountered, you will be  
alerted including the distance to any problems.  
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Figure 6-38. UTP pairs and length are displayed.  
Select MAP + TRACE for wiremap and tones.  
Remote Probe LEDs. The Remote Probe needs to be connected  
only for a brief period. Flashing LED(s) indicate the test is pro-  
gressing. A steady LED indicates the test is completed. This saves  
you an extra trip to retrieve the probe. If LED(s) continue to flash  
the cable, the cable has a wiring problem. Disconnect the probe  
and go to the Main Unit to see the results.  
Figure 6-39. LEDs on the remote probe.  
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Figure 6-40. A correct wire map  
for a straight through UTP cable.  
UTP WIRE MAP: The wire map displays the pairing of the wires.  
The map above indicates that the first pair ("12>"), Pins 1 and 2,  
is 203 feet long and terminates in Pins 1 and 2 ("<12") on the far  
end of the cable. If there were any problems, they would be dis-  
played.  
Press SAVE to either SAVE or NAME and SAVE the test. Press  
EXIT to discard the results.  
6.3.6 Coax Testing  
Figure 6-41. Test coax cable for opens, shorts,  
length, and distance to fault.  
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Figure 6-42. Select COAX CABLE from Main Menu.  
COAX CABLE TESTING: Move the cursor to coax cable and press  
SELECT to test a coax cable for length, opens, shorts (plus dis-  
tance to these faults). Wire map and toning is also available from  
this menu.  
Coax cable test is a quick test and does not perform LAN  
Performance Verification. Test results can be stored in Printer  
Memory.  
RJ-45/COAX ADAPTER: The Main Unit has a permanent COAX  
connector labeled “Coax.” The RJ-45/Coax adapter is used to  
connect the coax cable to the Remote Probe. Pins 1 and 2 of the  
Remote Probe’s socket are used to test the coax cable.  
Figure 6-43. RJ-45/coax adapter.  
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Figure 6-44. Connect the coax cable to the F connector on the  
Main Unit and select coax. The test begins.  
At the beginning of the test, the far end of the cable should not  
be connected to anything.  
Figure 6-45. The coax pair (Pins 1 and 2) and length are  
displayed. Select MAP + TRACE for wire map and tones.  
Figure 6-46. A wire map for a coax cable.  
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If the COAX CABLE TEST concludes with a wire map display and  
no reported errors, the cable is error free.  
Press SAVE to either SAVE or NAME and SAVE the test. See  
Section 6.4 for instructions. Press EXIT to discard the results.  
6.4 Naming/Saving Test Results  
Figure 6-47. Naming and saving test results start at this screen.  
All LPV tests, whether LPV UTP, Basic UTP or coax, eventually  
arrive at this screen. It is here where you decide to SAVE the test  
in PRINTER MEMORY (with or without a custom NAME).  
REVIEW TEST: Review test results before they are SAVED. After  
reviewing the test results, you can return to this screen.  
SAVE READINGS: Store the results from the latest test in  
PRINTER MEMORY for later printing. The next sequential  
Reading Number (1–250) is automatically assigned along with  
any NAME that you created (see EDIT TEST NAME below).  
Creating a name is not required.  
NOTE: The test results of all LPV cable tests can be NAMED and  
STORED with the exception of LPV tests that did not  
“PASS.”  
LPV TEST PORT: For LPV UTP tests only.  
EDIT TEST NAME: Create a name (not required) that is stored  
with the sequential reading number. If you are going to create a  
name, it must be created before the test is SAVED. See the  
following page for instructions on creating a NAME.  
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EXIT: Discards the test results and returns to the Main Menu.  
Figure 6-48. Select EDIT TEST NAME to create a custom name  
for the test results. Do this before saving the test in memory.  
To NAME a reading, you must first complete any of the LPV’s  
cable tests. At the end of the test, press the DOWN arrow  
(labeled “REVIEW/SAVE” or “SAVE”) and the above screen  
appears. Select EDIT TEST NAME.  
NOTE: Creating a name (EDIT TEST NAME) for a test result  
is optional. The LPV automatically assigns a sequential  
number from 1 to 250 when SAVE READING is selected.  
If a name has been created using EDIT TEST name, this  
name will also be stored with the sequential number  
when SAVE READING is selected.  
Figure 6-49. Select START FRESH to create a name from scratch.  
Select EDIT OLD to create a new name by modifying the prior  
name. It saves time.  
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For the purposes of learning the naming routine, select START  
FRESH and follow the exercises in the next section (Naming Your  
Tests). Once you become proficient with START FRESH, give the  
EDIT OLD routine a try. It speeds creating names by allowing you  
to copy an “old” reading name as the starting point for creating  
the next cable reading name. See the next section, “Naming  
Your Tests” for more details.  
Naming Your Tests  
Test name line (A  
maximum 16-character  
name appears here.)  
Rotating “letter loop”  
Figure 6-50. Naming test results screen.  
Rotate loop with arrow keys until the desired letter, number,  
space, backspace or MENU command appears on the left edge  
of the LCD. Press SEL to copy character to the TEST NAME line.  
After SEL is pressed, the letter loop conveniently positions to a  
space character awaiting the next entry.  
Figure 6-51. Buttons on the tester.  
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The UP and DOWN arrows rotate the “LETTERLOOP” to the  
right and left. The SEL key copies the letter to the TEST NAME  
LINE. Create a label: Rotate the letter loop until the letter or  
command desired appears at the leftmost of the display and  
press the SEL button.  
Exercise the “Rotating Letter Loop”  
It‘s the best way to learn how to create a name.  
Exercise #1. Moving the LETTER LOOP.  
1. Press the DOWN arrow for 5 seconds: The LETTER LOOP  
continually rotates to the left.  
2. Press the UP arrow for 5 seconds: The LETTER LOOP  
continually rotates to the right.  
3. Press the SEL key: The leftmost character of the LETTER LOOP  
is always copied up to the TEST NAME line. If it is a space, a  
space is copied. If it is a u, the cursor moves to the right.  
4. To exit back to the menu, use the arrow keys to position  
“MENU” as the left-most character on the LCD and press SEL.  
Exercise #2. Create the test name “TEST,” then erase:  
Step 1: Position the LETTER LOOP so “T” is the left-most letter  
on the screen (use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to position the  
letter “T” at the left side of the LCD display).  
Step 2. Press the SEL key, copying the “T” up to the TEST NAME  
line. Now do the same for “E,” “S,” and “T.”  
Step 3. If you make a mistake, try the letter loop’s “cursor  
characters” (t u). They allow you to control the cursor’s  
position. To erase a character, write over the character with a  
“space” (blank) character. There are three of these in the letter  
loop. For instance, a space character is located between the .”  
character and the letter A.  
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Special characters in the LETTER LOOP:  
tBackspace over letters without erasing them.  
uForward space over letters without erasing them.  
Space (blank). Use to erase letters or add spaces.  
MENU: Use to exit the EDIT TEST NAME routine and return to  
the MENU. If you select MENU, you have lost nothing. You can  
still SAVE the reading in memory or re-enter the EDIT TEST  
NAME routine.  
“EDIT OLD” NAME Once familiar with the EDIT TEST NAME  
routine, try using EDIT OLD NAME. The EDIT OLD NAME routine  
requires a prior cable name to edit. Perform a cable test and  
when naming, select EDIT OLD NAME. It speeds creating names  
by allowing you to copy an “old” reading name as the starting  
point for creating the next cable reading name. Use the back-  
space, forward space, space character, and other characters to  
modify the name. SAVE it when complete.  
NOTE: The LPV allows duplicate names but when they are  
printed in Excel, they will appear as “Jack A,” etc.  
6.5 Reviewing/Erasing Printer Memory  
Figure 6-52. Review or erase stored readings  
(memory stores up to 250 readings).  
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Figure 6-53. To review or erase stored readings, select PRINTER  
MEMORY from the Main Menu.  
PRINTER MEMORY: “Printer memory” is the storage location for  
all saved test readings. It can store the results of up to 250 LPV  
tests (Level 1 and/or combined Level 1 and Level 2), Basic UTP  
tests, and coax tests for later printing. After each test is  
conducted, you have the option to review, save, and/or name  
the test results (readings) in printer memory for later printing.  
This following screen is used if you wish to review the readings  
after they have been stored. It is also used to erase all of the  
stored readings.  
You can connect the LAN Performance Verifier to a PC for data  
transfer and printing.  
Figure 6-54. Review or erase selection screen.  
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REVIEW: Use the UP and DOWN arrow to find the reading you  
wish to review in Printer Memory. Press SEL to review. “BLANK  
TEST NAME” indicates a name has not been created for the test.  
Figure 6-55. Review screen.  
ERASE: Selecting the erase function erases all of Printer Memory.  
There is no way to selectively erase readings. This screen verifies  
that you wish to erase all of Printer Memory.  
Figure 6-56. Erase screen.  
FLASH MEMORY: The test readings are stored in nonvolatile  
(flash) memory. The stored readings will remain until the  
“ERASE” function is performed. Powering off the tester or  
unplugging its battery will not affect the memory contents.  
UNDERSTANDING THE READINGS: The display of the stored  
readings follows the same sequence as if you reviewed the test  
immediately after the test was conducted.  
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6.6 Printing from a PC  
Transfer the test readings from the Main Unit to the PC using the  
supplied cable, driver and software (requires Microsoft Excel).  
Figure 6-57. Printing from a PC.  
STEP 1: INSTALL THE LPV DRIVER ON PC: Run “install_LPV_driv-  
er.exe” (found on the LPV software CD). This driver is needed for  
the PC to talk to the LPV (ignore other drivers). The LPV does  
not need to be connected to the PC for the driver to properly  
install.  
STEP 2: TRANSFERRING TEST READINGS (LPV TO PC):  
1. Connect the LPV to a USB port on your PC and turn the LPV  
ON.  
2. Run the “LPV.xls” spreadsheet (found on the LPV software  
CD). LPV.xls is itself an Excel spreadsheet that uses built-in  
Excel macros to transfer the test results to your PC. Run LPV.  
xls directly from the CD or copy it to your hard drive. Follow  
the directions on the Excel screen to transfer the readings  
from the LPV’s printer memory.  
3. If you wish, print some or all of the tests (each test prints on a  
separate sheet). Or e-mail the file to your customer as proof  
of test.  
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4. Save the file using Excel's File>"Save as". See the Readme.doc  
file on the LPV software CD for more details.  
STEP-BY STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING EXCEL:  
1. After you have installed the driver and connected the LPV to  
the PC, launch Excel. Select FILE, OPEN and select LPV.xls  
(either from your LPV software CD or hard drive).  
2. Excel asks you if you wish to “Enable macros.” Select “Enable  
macros.” Say “No” if asked if you want to open as a “Read  
Only” file.  
Figure 6-58. Microsoft Excel screen.  
3. Excel alerts you that it has not found the tester. Click ”OK”  
to continue and use the Import Report routine to locate the  
tester.  
Figure 6-59. OK screen.  
4. The Import Report screen with three buttons appears.  
“Detect Testers” is automatic.  
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Figure 6-60. Import Report screen.  
5. Import Report: The LPV spreadsheet’s first step is to  
automatically assign a COM (serial) port to your USB  
connection and detect the LPV tester. The COM port number  
selected is displayed in the window (1 through 9 is accept-  
able). The "Import Reading" button will only be enabled if a  
LPV tester is detected. If Detect Testers does not work, it will  
respond with the error message “No Network Testers found.”  
Verify the tester's power is ON and try again. If the problem  
still persists, see “Error messages” below.  
6. Press the Import Readings button next. It downloads data  
from the serial port specified in the drop down box. Press OK.  
Figure 6-61. Download succesful screen.  
7. Error messages: If Excel says “Please select a serial port with a  
network tester connected” or “No network testers found,”  
communication is not established with the LPV’s USB port.  
First check the connections: Is the USB cable firmly connect-  
ed? Is Excel macro security set to low? Is the LPV powered  
ON?  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
8. After the readings are downloaded, press the “Edit Report”  
button to launch the spreadsheet. If you wish to change any  
NAMES that you created, do it in this opening screen. You can  
wait until they are in the spreadsheet, but it is quicker here.  
Figure 6-62. Edit Report screen.  
9. The sequential number (1–250) automatically assigned by the  
LPV to each stored test will appear as “Reading: Cable#1,  
Reading: Cable#2,” etc. in the spreadsheet along with any  
custom name that you created. The “Reading #” can only be  
modified in the spreadsheet.  
NOTE: The LPV allows duplicate custom names, but when they  
are printed in Excel, they will appear as “Jack A,” “Jack A  
(2),” “Jack A (3),” etc. unless you change the name here.  
10. When satisfied, press Finish. The spreadsheet named “LPV.  
XLS” will appear. One cable test reading occupies one work-  
sheet. It works like an Excel spreadsheet (save it under a dif-  
ferent name, change the names in the cells, etc.). When you  
are ready to print, select FILE, PRINT and in the PRINT WHAT  
dialog box select ALL. All the cable test readings will print  
(one per page).  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
Figure 6-63. LPV.XLS spreadsheet.  
Typical LPV printout  
NOTE: If Level 2 testing was not performed, the Data Signal  
Levels and the LP Verification #2 charts will have no data.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
Figure 6-64. Sample LPV printout.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
6.7 Network Testing  
Display the advertised and negotiated speeds of LAN devices  
and view the signal levels of real live data.  
Figure 6-65. Network ports.  
Figure 6-66. “Use right jack” alert screen.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
NETWORK PORTS (USE RIGHT JACK): Select Network Ports to  
display the capabilities of a LAN device. LAN devices broadcast  
their capability in terms of speed, duplex, and other features  
(termed “advertised capabilities”) to other LAN devices. When  
two LAN devices are connected together, they “negotiate” to  
attain the highest common denominator for communicating on  
the link. For instance, a Gigabit switch with an advertised  
capability of 1000 Mbps, full-duplex will negotiate down to  
100 Mbps, half-duplex when connected to a 100-Mbps, half-  
duplex LAN device. The LPV displays individual LAN devices  
advertised capabilities and also can connect INLINE between two  
LAN devices to display the negotiated results.  
NOTE: The RIGHT jack is protected from PoE voltage. Use it  
when connecting to devices.  
6.7.1 Scan One Port  
Network Testing/SCAN ONE PORT  
Figure 6-67. Scan one port screen.  
Figure 6-68. Scan one port application.  
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SCAN ONE PORT: Move the cursor to SCAN ONE PORT and  
press SELECT if you wish to display the advertised capability of a  
LAN device. You can connect to any LAN device using a patch  
cable or any cable of your choosing. The signal data levels of all  
active pairs will also be displayed. When scanning one port, the  
connection can be made to a live hub, switch, or PC without  
affecting the communication of the other connected devices.  
See the following paragraphs in this section for examples of  
advertised capability and the Signal Data Level display.  
Figure 6-69. Testing Link Pulses from a Gigabit device.  
Figure 6-70. Testing Link Pulses from a 100-Mbps device.  
The first step in the scanning process reads the link pulses of the  
LAN device and displays the advertised capability. LAN devices  
broadcast their capability in terms of speed, duplex, and other  
features (termed “advertised” capabilities) to other LAN devices.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
First example (previous page): The LPV has found a Gigabit  
device (1000 Mbps) on Pairs 1, 2 and 3, 6 that is capable of  
transmitting at 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, and 1000 Mbps at full-  
duplex. 1000 Mbps devices use all four pairs.  
In Figure 6-70, the LPV has found a 100-Mbps device on Pairs 3,  
6 that is capable of transmitting at 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps at  
half-duplex. Typically, devices that transmit on Pairs 1, 2 are PCs  
and devices that transmit on 3, 6 are hubs and switches.  
Press the down arrow key qto continue.  
Figure 6-71. Signal levels of real live data from a Gigabit switch.  
Figure 6-72. Signal levels of real live data  
from a 100-Mbps switch.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
The signal level screen is a powerful tool. It is a live signal  
attenuation display. If the level is below the Data Min line, you  
may experience faulty transmissions. If the signal is well above  
the Data Min line, you have plenty of “headroom.”  
Press the down arrow qkey to continue.  
The two examples here show the differences between Gigabit  
devices and 10- and 100-Mbps devices. With a Gigabit device it  
is possible to view real live data on all four pairs whereas a  
10-Mbps and 100-Mbps device can only transmit on one pair.  
A Gigabit device is a full-duplex device that uses two pairs to  
transmit and two pairs to receive data, and it can be tricked into  
displaying the data on the two receiving pairs. That makes it a  
perfect device to get a full view of all four pairs of the cable.  
Figure 6-73. Monitor inline screen.  
Figure 6-74. Monitor inline application.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
6.7.2 Monitor Inline  
Move the cursor to MONITOR INLINE and press SELECT if you  
wish to view the negotiated results between two LAN devices.  
NOTE: Data communication can take place while the Main Unit is  
inline between two devices but after the negotiation is  
complete.  
The MONITOR INLINE TEST is methodical and mostly automatic.  
Here is a summary of the steps that allow the LPV to arrive at the  
negotiated speed (detailed steps are on the next page):  
1. Plug in one PORT to the LEFT SOCKET of the LPV.  
2. Pause for a few seconds and then plug the second PORT into  
the RIGHT SOCKET.  
3. The LPV displays the negotiated speed.  
NOTE: If you suspect one of the devices has PoE, plug it into the  
RIGHT jack.  
Screen-by-screen instructions to perform INLINE testing.  
Follow the steps and wait for the LPV directions. The tester will  
tell you when it is time for the next step.  
UNPLUG ALL PORTS. When the LPV senses that no ports are  
connected to the tester, it will begin.  
Figure 6-75. Unplug all ports screen.  
PLUG IN 2 PORTS. Plug in both devices using the “LEFT” and  
“RIGHT” sockets of the LPV.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
Figure 6-76. Plug in two ports screen.  
CAPABILITY SCREEN. This screen (or similar) appears as the LPV  
monitors the devices. When complete, the LPV will automatically  
continue to the next screen.  
Figure 6-77. Capability screen.  
Figure 6-78. The negotiated speed of the link  
is automatically displayed.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
The monitor inline test is complete. Data can be transmitted  
between the two LAN devices without removing the tester.  
NOTE: Most network ports negotiate to the highest possible  
data rate. Some ports will negotiate to a maximum of the  
last data rate used.  
For example, if a PC and a switch communicate at 100 Mbps  
and a new Gigabit switch is installed, the PC port may drag the  
switch down to 100 Mbps, even if the PC is capable of Gigabit  
data rates. This may be solved by resetting the PC. Or use the  
scan one port option to read and unstick the port. If in doubt,  
use the tester to scan and unstick both ports, one at a time.  
6.7.3 Send Beacon  
Figure 6-79. Locate cable drops by lighting a link LED.  
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Chapter 6: Operation  
Figure 6-80. Scroll down and select Send Beacon.  
Figure 6-81. Port beacon example.  
PORT BEACON: Use the Port Beacon to locate cable connections  
in crowded areas. To activate the port beacon, move the cursor  
to Port Beacon and press Select. The Port Beacon is a link pulse  
that the Main Unit sends to the receiving device every 3 seconds.  
The Port Beacon causes the link LED to flash on the LAN device,  
enabling you to spot the connection.  
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Appendix A: Straight-Through Coupler  
Appendix A. Straight-Through Coupler  
When installing or troubleshooting a LAN, you might need a  
straight-through cable coupler. The LPV's Main Unit jacks makes  
it easy. The tester must be OFF to use this feature.  
Figure A-1. Straight-through coupler.  
NOTE: If you suspect one of the devices is capable of sourcing  
PoE voltage, connect the device to the RIGHT jack. The  
RIGHT jack is protected from PoE voltage.  
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Appendix B: Ping and TCP/IP Debugging Tools  
Appendix B. Ping and TCP/IP Debugging Tools  
What is TCP/IP: TCP/IP is set of standards first developed by  
ARPA (USA DOD’s Advance Research Projects Agency) that  
define how information is routed over the Internet. And because  
of its Internet popularity, TCP/IP is the most popular protocol  
operating over twisted-pair cabling and therefore is the most  
popular protocol used by Ethernet (the standard for local area  
networking).  
Why learn about TCP/IP: Once the LPV has established that  
your cables and network devices are working at the hardware  
level, your next step is to check out the software level of your  
network. Understanding the basics of TCP/IP and gaining a  
familiarity with your operating system's built-in network  
debugging tools helps you diagnose and troubleshoot network  
problems at the software level.  
TCP/IP basics: TCP/IP has 4 layers:  
1. The lowest layer is the Physical layer that deals with cabling.  
2. The next layer is the Internet layer. This is the IP layer (internet  
protocol) and it describes the assigning of an IP address to  
each data packet that is transmitted (all data on the internet  
must have a destination address associated with it and this is  
referred to as an IP address. The address can refer to a  
workstation on your local network or a server on the Internet  
thousands of miles away.  
3. The next layer is the Transport layer. Because data packets can  
travel through networks and the Internet using many different  
routes, they will not necessarily arrive in the same order as  
they were sent. There needs to be a mechanism that reassem-  
bles the packets in the proper sequence. This is the job of the  
“TCP” (transmission control protocol), and it resides in this  
layer.  
4. Layer 4, the highest layer, is the Application layer. This is  
where Ethernet and many other software tools reside.  
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Appendix B: Ping and TCP/IP Debugging Tools  
Because TCP/IP is so common, Windows® and many UNIX®  
systems have built-in tools to help you debug TCP/IP network  
problems.  
These debugging programs are executed at the command line  
prompt of the operating system (see the end of this section for  
more information about the command line).  
ping  
The most popular TCP/IP debugging program is called “ping”  
(after the name given to the operation of submarine sonar  
devices). Like the sonar, ping sends out a packet to an address  
that you specify and waits for a reply. Although very simple to  
use, ping is extremely powerful because it works at the IP level  
and often will respond even when the higher level TCP layer  
cannot. As mentioned above, pinging capability is included  
with most systems and there are also many shareware  
implementations.  
USE: Determine if a workstation is connected to the network.  
Routers, servers, and workstations are identified by an IP address  
and possibly a “name.” The IP address is a numeric string whose  
format is referred to as “dotted decimal” (example:  
192.168.0.0.). The “name” can be any name given to a  
computer when it is installed or an internet URL. The ability to  
use a name is provided by a server’s DNS (Domain Name  
Service). The DNS has a lookup table that cross references IP  
addresses to names. If a DNS service is not available, you will  
need to use the IP address.  
EXAMPLE OF USE:  
#1: You have problems connecting to the Black Box Web site  
from a workstation, and you know the DNS name of the  
website is “www.blackbox.com. At the workstation’s  
connected, you will receive back blackbox.com's IP address  
(for example, 207.115.64.64) and the roundtrip time of your  
ping packet.  
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Appendix B: Ping and TCP/IP Debugging Tools  
#2: You are having a problem with one of your workstations  
communicating to a server. You know the server's IP address  
is 192.168.1.100. I enter “ping 192.168.1.100”on the  
workstation’s command line. If the server is connected, you  
will receive a response to your ping.  
NOTE: It’s easy to find a computer’s IP address. Go to the target  
computer (the one you wish to ping) and on its command  
line enter “ipconfig.” The IP address (and other addresses)  
will be displayed. More information on the ipconfig  
command can be found later in this section.  
The Ping program has endless uses. Ping an address (as above):  
If you get a response using the IP address but do not get a  
response using the DNS address, there must be a problem with  
the DNS system. If you suspect this, try another debugging pro-  
gram “nslookup.” On the command line, enter nslookup fol-  
lowed by the DNS name (enter nslookup www. blackbox.com)  
and see if the IP address is displayed. If it is, your DNS appears to  
be working correctly. Ping yourself: You can use the ping com-  
mand to ping yourself, either using your own IP address or what  
is known as the loopback address. The loopback address is a  
special reserved address that works on all systems:127.0.0.1  
(enter ping 127.0.0.1). If you would like to try pinging your own  
workstation address but do not know it use the “ipconfig”  
command (in the next section). Pinging yourself is the first test  
that should be conducted because if it fails, it most likely means  
that TCP/IP is not properly loaded on the workstation. If it passes  
and you were using your own IP address (not the loopback  
address), it confirms that you are the only one on the network  
with that address. Ping your gateway: If you get a response, it  
means that the packets are making it to the router (a gateway is  
a device on a network that serves as an entrance to another net-  
work). On business LANs, the gateway is generally the router. In  
homes, the gateway is the Internet service provider (ISP) that  
connects the user to the Internet.  
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Appendix B: Ping and TCP/IP Debugging Tools  
Ping notes: If you want to ping another workstation or server  
and you do not know its DNS name or IP address use ipconfig  
(below). To learn all the ping command’s option, enter ping /?.  
ipconfig  
USE: Determine the IP address and other related information  
about a workstation. Enter ipconfig /? at the prompt to display  
the options possible with this command. The two most common  
entries: ipconfig and ipconfig/all.  
EXAMPLES OF USE: You want to ping a remote server but you  
do not know its IP address. Go to the server and at the  
command line prompt enter “ipconfig.” The server's IP address  
will be displayed. Return to the earlier workstation and perform  
the ping test to this address.  
tracert  
USE: Determines how many router hops a packet took to reach  
its destination. This can help determine why a network is slow  
(or not functioning). Enter tracert /? at the prompt to display  
the options possible with this command.  
EXAMPLES OF USE: I want to determine how many routers are  
between my system and my ISO. Enter tracet followed by the  
name or IP address of the destination system.  
Netstat  
USE: Displays the current status of all listening TCP/IP ports.  
A TCP/IP port is where applications connect to the server or  
workstation.  
EXAMPLES OF USE: You would like to see how many applica-  
tions are tied to your system that use TCP/IP.  
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Appendix B: Ping and TCP/IP Debugging Tools  
Executing troubleshooting programs from the command  
line:  
All the programs discussed must be executed from the com-  
mand line of your operating system. To reach the command line  
on Windows 95 and 98 systems, click on START>PROGRAMS  
and Select the MS-DOS® prompt. Then enter your command.  
On Windows XP systems, click on START>PROGRAMS> and  
select ACCESSORIES then COMMAND LINE. Then enter your  
command.  
On other systems, select “Run” from the main menu and enter  
“cmd.” Then enter your command.  
TO EXIT THE COMMAND LINE: Enter EXIT.  
Additional information:  
The Web has many interesting articles on network  
troubleshooting and also numerous sites that feature a glossary  
of terms. Use your favorite search engine and search for Pinging,  
Pinging Devices, Network Management, Network Monitoring  
Tools, Network Testing, etc.  
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Appendix C: Examples of UTP Cable Faults  
Appendix C. Examples of UTP Cable Faults  
A good cable: A cable that passes its first set of cable tests will  
have summary screen similar to this:  
Figure C-1. Length/Timing summary screen of a good cable.  
Bad cable (Split pair): If errors are found, they will be displayed.  
Here are some examples of screens with bad cables.  
Figure C-2. Bad cable: Split pairs at 154 feet.  
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Appendix C: Examples of UTP Cable Faults  
The screen shows a 330-foot cable with split pairs at 154 feet. If  
the cable goes through a wiring closet, it is possible the split  
pairs are in the closet (154 feet away). This screen shows one of  
the advantages the LPV has over testers costing thousands of  
dollars more. The LPV shows the distance to the split pair to help  
locate it and facilitate repair. High-cost certifiers display dBs of  
crosstalk but do not help you locate the repairable split pair  
fault. Turn on the trace tones and use the probe to locate the  
cable in the wiring closet. Test each cable associated with the  
link (patch cables, etc).  
Bad cable (Near end shorts): The error is displayed as follows:  
Figure C-3. Bad cable: near-end short.  
The SHORT on 12> is most likely at the connector (near end). If  
the short is on the far end of the cable it would look like this:  
Figure C-4. Bad cable: far-end short  
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Appendix C: Examples of UTP Cable Faults  
Opens in cable pairs generate errors in both in skew tests and in  
wire map tests. The following example shows a 200-foot cable  
with a break in the middle on Pair 78. The following is the fi rst  
screen to show a problem.  
Figure C-5. Bad cable: Open.  
NOTE: There are two problems shown. The skew (difference  
in delay between pairs) is much greater than 50 ns.  
Another problem is that the cable length is only shown as  
98 feet. Press details and continue the tests. All will  
become clear when cable map is displayed. Here is a  
sample cable map.  
Figure C-6. Bad cable: Wire map of open pair.  
The sample map clearly shows the problem. There is an open at  
98 feet on Pair 78. The skew was so large because the timing  
pulses travel about 200 feet on Pairs 12, 36, and 45, but only  
travel 98 feet on Pair 78. As always, retest cable after repairs are  
made.  
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Appendix C: Examples of UTP Cable Faults  
During the wire map test, you probably noticed that the indica-  
tor lights on the remote probe (connected to the far end of the  
cable) continue to flash. This is another indication of a problem.  
If a cable has a short in the middle, the wire map looks like this:  
Figure C-7. Bad cable: wire map of shorted pair.  
The LPV is both a LP verifier and troubleshooting tool. It  
identifies the faults and gives you the distance to the opens,  
shorts, and split pairs.  
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Appendix D: Making a Correct UTP Cable  
Appendix D. Making a Correct UTP Cable  
Twisted-Pair Cables: Unshielded twisted-pair cable is used for  
BASE-T applications because it is inexpensive, easy to use, and  
has excellent noise-canceling capabilities. A minimum of two  
pairs of twisted-pair wire are required for each computer that  
connects to the local area network:  
• One pair of twisted-pair wire to transmit data.  
• One pair of twisted-pair wire to receive data.  
There are exceptions. 100BASE-T devices (called “T4”) require  
four pairs of wires. Also, Gigabit devices (1000 Mbps) require  
four pairs. In both cases, two pairs are used for transmit and two  
for receive.  
As mentioned above, twisted-pair cable has separate pairs of  
wires twisted together to minimize crosstalk. If a wiring error is  
made and one pair of wire is “split” with another (“split pairs”),  
the excess crosstalk will most likely keep the link from operating  
properly.  
To make a proper cable, first choose a twisted-pair cable that  
is adequate for your application. For instance, CAT5e cable for  
100-Mbps and 1000-Mbps applications. Use solid-core wire  
when pulling inside a wall. Use stranded cable (“patch cable”)  
for jumpers.  
• Remove the outer jacket of the twisted-pair cable, exposing  
about a 6 feet of wire on each end of the cable.  
• Each pair of wire must be twisted together (after crimping, the  
wire should be twisted right up to the connector).  
• Do not make the number one wiring mistake: “Split pairs” (a  
wire from one pair is swapped with a wire from another pair).  
• To minimize mistakes, use a standard color code throughout  
your project. See the following page for the correct connector  
pin numbers associated with each BASE-T pair.  
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Appendix D: Making a Correct UTP Cable  
• Use good-quality connectors and tools.  
RJ-45 Connectors (sockets and plugs): The BASE-T Standard uses  
RJ-45 sockets and plugs. The RJ-45 socket has eight pins. The  
pins are numbered 1 to 8. Looking at the socket with insertion  
key facing down, Pin Number 1 is to the left.  
Figure D-1.  
Colors: The first color is the base color on the cable. Second  
color is the stripe color of the cable. A straight-through cable has  
identical ends.  
NOTE: The above color code is the most popular in use.  
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NOTES  
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NOTES  
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NOTES  
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Page 83  
Black Box Tech Support: FREE! Live. 24/7.  
Tech support the  
way it should be.  
Great tech support is just 30 seconds away  
at 724-746-5500 or blackbox.com.  
About Black Box  
Black Box provides an extensive range of networking and infrastructure  
products. You’ll find everything from cabinets and racks and power and  
surge protection products to media converters and Ethernet switches all  
supported by free, live 24/7 Tech support available in 30 seconds or less.  
© Copyright 2011. Black Box Corporation. All rights reserved.  
TS580A-R4, version 1  
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