SBeiknese
THE WISCONSIN BICYCLE OPERATOR’S MANUAL
A GUIDE TO THE RULES OF THE ROAD, BICYCLE HANDLING,
TRAFFIC SKILLS AND THE ENJOYMENT OF BICYCLING LIFE
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Why bicycle?
Equipment
5
6
Contents
Visibility
13
Bicycling & traffic skills
Who can you contact?
Public Transit
15
27
29
30
32
33
35
37
38
39
Crashes
Avoiding Crashes
Wisconsin Bicycle Laws
Bicycle security
Trail Ettiquette
Two-Minute Bike Check
Bicycling Resources & Advocacy
3
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Forward
Bicycling for transportation, recreation and fitness has seen enor-
mous growth in recent years. People everywhere are rediscovering
the joys of bicycling; how much fun it is, how practical it is, and how
good it is for their health and well-being. However, with the increase
in bicycling there has also been an increase in conflicts with other
road users. Many of these conflicts stem from confusion about how
bicyclists are to behave in traffic.
The Wisconsin Vehicle Code says that bicyclists have the same rights
and duties as drivers of motor vehicles. Certified bicycling instructors
teach their students that ‘bicyclists fare best when they act and are
treated as drivers of vehicles.’
Wisconsin State Statues state
that bicyclists have the same
rights and responsibilities
as drivers of other vehicles.
To do this, bicyclists must understand how to operate their bicycles as
vehicles and how they fit into the flow of traffic. Bike Sense provides
information on traffic laws and riding strategies to help bicyclists
understand their rights, responsibilities and how best to protect their
own safety in traffic.
By following the rules of the road and bicycling in a predictable man-
ner, bicyclists will find more courtesy and respect on the road. For
further information on the rules of the road you should consult the
Wisconsin Vehicle Code or the Wisconsin Motorists Handbook avail-
able from the Division of Motor Vehicles and on the Department of
Transportation website.
All bicyclists should consider taking a course taught by a certified
bicycling instructor. Contact Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin for a list
of courses in your area or to arrange for new classes.
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Why Bicycle?
Bicycling is fun. People bicycle for many reasons. Riding your bicycle
allows you to feel active and energetic, to improve your fitness, and to enjoy
the surroundings of the natural environment. Bicycling provides the inde-
pendence of using only your own power, free from the constraints of
motor vehicles. Wisconsin has an extensive system of both on- and off-road
facilities for all abilities. Paved rural roads, multi-use trails, paved shoulders
on county and state trunk highways, bike lanes in urban areas, and signed
bike routes all make bicycling for transportation as well as recreation easier.
Bicycling is healthy. Incorporating exercise into your lifestyle brings
many health benefits. It can strengthen your immune system, lower
blood cholesterol, reduce stress, strengthen your heart, and increase
Bicycling is fun. Bicycling is healthy.
Bicycling is low impact exercise.
Bicycling is practical and cost effective.
Bicycling is good for the environment.
Bike Sense is designed to make your bicycling safe and enjoyable.
Enjoy the ride!
energy levels. Bicycling can improve personal health, and a healthier pop-
ulation will ease pressure on health care costs.
Bicycling is low impact exercise. It is easy on your joints because it is a
non weight-bearing form of exercise. It can be done at any level of inten-
sity, which makes it suitable for people of all ages and levels of fitness.
Bicycling is practical and cost effective. It is often just as fast as a car
or a bus in city traffic, and bicycling makes it easy to avoid traffic jams.
There are no gas tanks to fill, and parking is usually free and available
next to your destination. Once you have the basic equipment, bicycling
is an extremely economical form of transportation.
Bicycling is good for the environment. Bicycling produces no air pollu-
tion, greenhouse gases or noise. It also reduces traffic congestion,
deterioration of road surfaces, and land requirements for roads and
parking lots.
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Equipment
To ride your bicycle safely and efficiently
it is important to have all equipment operating
smoothly and properly.
Your Bike
What to consider when buying a bike:
What type of bike to buy depends on a number of factors. The best
advice is, “Talk to your local bike shop staff.” They will help you pick
out a bike that suits your riding style, budget, and bicycling goals.
Just as there is no perfect pair of shoes or coat for every circum-
stance, bikes have advantages and disadvantages for different types of
riding.
Here are some questions to consider:
Where will I ride? Paved streets and road? Unpaved, but smooth
trails? Grass? Rough trails?
On what kind of terrain will I be riding? How hilly is it? If you plan
to ride mostly flat areas, then gearing will be less critical. If you want
to be able to ride in hilly areas, you will need a wide range of gears.
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Will I be carrying things? Commuters and bicyclists carrying gear
while traveling should buy a bike that can accommodate a rack and
added weight.
How devoted a cyclist do I want to be? Is this bike going to be used
every day, or only a few times a year? How important is quality, dura-
bility and speed?
Is riding position important? Consider back, shoulder, neck or knee
problems when deciding riding position.
How far do I want to ride? Almost any bike is appropriate for short
weekend rides, but consider a better, lighter bike if you plan to go on
long rides or a tour.
Size and fit
Make sure your bike is the right size and adjusted to fit you properly.
The right size bike
and proper adjustments
are important for
both adults and children
The right size bicycle is easier to control and more comfortable, caus-
ing less fatigue. Your local bike shop can help you choose, adjust and
equip the right bicycle for your needs.
Does Your Bike Fit?
Your bike’s most important safety feature is you: If you’re not com-
fortable, you’re more likely to ride poorly. Getting exactly the right fit
depends on many things including your height, weight, and riding
style. You should contact your neighborhood bicycle store to help you
find the right fit. Consider these points:
Frame Size: If your bike’s frame is too tall, too short, or too long, it
will be very hard to adjust other things to make you comfortable. You
might need a different bike.
To Check the Height: If your bike has a men’s frame (with a tube
across the top), stand with the bike between your legs, just in front of
the seat. Measure the space between the top tube and your crotch. For
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road or street riding, a one-inch to three-inch space is safest. If your
bike has no top tube or a slanted top tube, ask your bicycle store’s
staff to size you.
Frame Length: If, when you ride, you feel overly stretched or have
pain in your neck, shoulders, or back, your frame might be too long.
Try moving the seat and handlebars closer together. Also, some peo-
ple, including many women, have torsos shorter than what most
bikes are made for. If you’re one of them, look into a shorter handle-
bar stem extension, a taller stem, different handlebars, or a custom
bike made for people with smaller torsos.
Seat Height: A seat that’s too low will strain your knees and achilles
tendons, while a seat that’s too high will make it hard for you to
pedal and to put your foot onto the ground. Here are some ways to
get the right seat height for most riding:
Bicycle brakes work less efficiently when they are wet.
Aluminum rims have much better
braking performance than steel rims.
Top tube
Handlebar stem
Shifters
Brake Levers
Handlebars
Head tube
Brakes
Rear derailleur
Cassette, cogs
Seat post
Bottom bracket
Chain ring
Seat tube
Front derailleur
Cranks/crank arms
Pedals
Seat/saddle
Chain
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Sit on your bike and push one pedal all the way down. With the heel
of your foot on the pedal, your knee should be slightly bent and your
leg almost straight. If your hips rock from side to side when you
pedal, your seat’s too high. Don’t raise your seat so high that less
than two inches of your seat post extends into the frame .
Handlebars: After you’ve set your seat height, set your handlebars so
you feel comfortable. Some things to guide you:
Start by raising or lowering your handlebars so they block your view
of the front axle when you’re sitting on your bike with your hands on
the handlebars. In this position, your elbows should be slightly bent
(not locked).
Lower-back pain often means the handlebars are too far away, while
upper-arm or shoulder fatigue often means the handlebars are too
close to you. Try raising or lowering the handlebars, or moving your
Regular maintenance and inspection
are important for bicycle safety.
seat forward or backward. You can also change to a shorter or longer
handlebar stem. Don’t raise your handlebars so high that less than two
inches of your handlebar stem extends into the frame. If you have to
raise your handlebars higher than the safe limit, get a taller stem.
Rotate your handlebars so that they put even pressure across the palms
of your hands without bending your wrists in a strange way.
Brakes
Your brakes must be powerful enough so you can easily
bring your bike to a quick stop. You should be able to
quickly and easily reach the brake levers from where you
normally position your hands. Replace your brake pads
before they wear close to the metal holders. Since the
pads wear down, you may have to adjust them
regularly. For small adjustments you can use
the threaded adjustment screws on the
brakes or brake levers.
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All traditional bicycle brakes work less effectively when they are wet.
Aluminum rims have much better braking performance than steel
rims in wet conditions. It is dangerous to have only one brake in
working order. Make sure both front and rear brakes work properly
and have regular maintenance performed by a bicycle mechanic.
Lights and reflectors
After dark, all bicyclists are required by Wisconsin State law to have a
front white headlight visible to others from a minimum of 500 feet,
and a rear red reflector visible to others from 50-500 feet when
directly illuminated by a car headlight. A red rear flashing light may
be used in addition to a reflector and will make the rider more visi-
ble. Lights and reflective devices come in a wide range of shapes,
sizes, colors, and costs and can be mounted directly on the bicycle or
clipped to the rider or accessories. Check with your local bike shop
for advice on the most appropriate set up for your needs and to
ensure that the lights you intend to purchase meet or exceed these
After dark, bicyclists are required to have a front headlight
visible for 500 feet and a rear reflector
visible between 50–500 feet
requirements. This is discussed further in the chapter on visibility.
Tires
Narrow tires inflated to higher pressure provide less rolling resist-
ance, and therefore easier pedaling on hard surfaces. Fat tires pro-
vide more comfort and better traction, especially if riding off-road
or in snow. Ask your bike shop what type of tire would be best suit-
ed to your riding needs. Keep tires inflated to their recommended
pressure, which is marked on the sidewall of the tire. Under-inflat-
ed tires reduce your efficiency and increase your chances of flat
tires. For off-road use or in snow, tire pressure can be reduced to
absorb greater impact and provide better traction.
Fenders
Fenders keep you dry and clean. They also prevent lights, reflectors,
Look for the recomended tire inflation on the
and your bike, from getting dirty in wet weather.
sidewall of the tire.
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Panniers (saddle bags)
Panniers allow you to comfortably and safely carry a load while keep-
ing your hands on the handlebars and, by keeping your center of
gravity low, they increase stability. These bicycle-mounted packs also
keep the weight off your bottom, reducing ‘saddle sores’ and back
pain. DO NOT hang grocery bags or carry loose loads on your han-
dlebars as they can upset the control of your bicycle and prevent you
from properly turning your front wheel to avoid an obstacle or to
make an emergency maneuver.
Tool Kit/Pump
A tool kit and a pump are a necessity for longer road trips and useful
around town to prevent a potentially long walk for minor repairs. A basic
tool kit includes: tire levers, spare tube, patch kit, pump, screwdriver, and
multi-purpose tools or wrenches suitable for adjusting a variety of nuts
and bolts. Be sure that the tube and tools fit your bike, since there are
many types and sizes. If you are unsure, consult your bike shop.
Proper tire inflation and chain lubrication
will improve your comfort and performance
Bell
A bell or horn is useful as a warning and as a courtesy to alert pedes-
trians and trail users of your approach. Remember that a bell or horn
will probably not be heard by motor vehicle operators.
Regular maintenance and inspection
Perform maintenance and safety checks yourself, or take your bicycle
to a qualified bicycle mechanic regularly. (See the 2 Minute Bike
Check in the appendix.) It is particularly important to frequently
check the brakes and tires, and to clean, inspect, and lubricate the dri-
vetrain (the gears, chain, and derailleur). By doing this you will
ensure the efficient performance of the bicycle, ensure that your bicy-
cle will perform properly in an emergency situation and minimize the
risk of a mechanical breakdown far from home or assistance.
Each time you ride you should do this minimum ABC Quick Check:
A = Air. Be sure your tires are inflated to the recommended pressure
on the sidewall
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B = Brakes. Squeeze your brake levers hard to be sure the brakes are
working and the levers don’t reach all the way to the handlebars.
C = Chain. Don’t ride with a dry chain. Lube your chain on a regular
basis to reduce wear and rust and make pedaling easier.
wrong
Quick = Quick releases. Take a look to be certain the quick releases
on your wheels and brakes are closed and tight.
Helmets
right
Studies have shown that in the event of a crash, a helmet will greatly
reduce your chances of a serious brain injury. Your helmet should
have CPSC standards approval clearly designated on it. Hockey or
other types of sports helmets are not appropriate for bicycling since
they are designed and tested for other types of impacts.
plastic casing
To be effective, the bicycle helmet
must fit correctly and be worn proper-
ly.When in doubt, check with a bike
shop for the proper adjustment of your
approved bicycling helmet.
air vents
high-impact
protective foam
Studies show that wearing a properly fitted helmet will greatly
reduce the chances of sustaining a head injury
in the event of a crash
Clothing
Wear, and carry, layers of clothing, including a lightweight, wind-
proof outer layer. By adding or subtracting layers, you can keep your
body temperature constant, and adjust to changes in the weather. As
a general rule, start your ride fairly cool. You will warm up quickly
once you get going. If you dress so that you are warm before you even
start riding, you will get too hot.
Specialized clothing, such as padded bicycling shorts and gloves, can
increase your comfort level on longer rides, but are not absolutely
necessary.
For winter riding, a waterproof outer layer will keep you dry, and
therefore warm. Remember that you will warm up as you ride, so
don’t overdress. Layers that can be easily removed will allow you to
adjust to changing conditions. If you live in Wisconsin, you have the
clothes to ride in winter!
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Visibility
As a narrow vehicle, bicyclists can be less visible to motorists.
It is therefore extremely important for bicyclists to use every
means possible to make themselves conspicuous.
Position yourself where motorists are looking
The Wisconsin State law requires bicyclists to keep to the right, but
that does not mean hugging the curb. You should be at least three
feet away from the curb or parked cars. This will reduce the risk of
hitting the curb or debris, and also will place you within the
motorist’s field of vision. This allows you to move away from traffic to
avoid an obstacle or crowding by another vehicle. Avoid riding in a
motorist’s blind spot.
Do not pass on the right
Do not pass moving traffic on the motorists’ right side, since car driv-
ers do not expect anything to interfere with a right turn from the
right lane, and, as such, often neglect to look right before turning.
Drivers may also drift close to the right edge of the road. If using a
bike lane, slow down and be sure to watch for inattentive drivers who
may be turning across your path. Passing on the left is recommended.
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Wear brightly colored clothing
Wear brightly colored clothing such as neon green, yellow and
orange, and/or wear a safety vest, day or night.
Turn on your lights
Turn on your lights, front and rear, whenever visibility is reduced.
Aim your rear light to the traffic behind you and aim your front light
on an angle for vehicles to see you and for you to be able to see the
road. You need to BE SEEN, and be able to see the road, as well.
Consider increasing the strength of your lights
Dual headlights will allow you to aim one toward oncoming traffic
and one at the road ahead of you. Make sure the batteries for your
lights are fully charged and consider carrying a spare.
Put reflective materials on your bicycle and clothing
Put reflective materials on your bicycle and clothing, including front
It is especially important to increase visibility to others after dark, at
dawn, or dusk, or in bad weather, such as rain, fog or snow.
forks and rear stays, wheels, pedals, helmets, wrists and ankles.
Reflective bands or lights on wrists make your hand signals more visi-
ble. Reflective materials on your legs will also show motion, helping dis-
tinguish you from a stationary object.
Be aware
Be aware that lights and reflectors are primarily useful for traffic
coming from behind or ahead. Drivers coming from the side may
have trouble seeing you regardless of your lights. Reflective tape and
devices on the frame of your bike will allow you to be seen by others
from more angles. It is particularly important to increase your visibil-
ity in the dark or in difficult weather conditions such as rain, fog,
snow, dawn, or dusk.
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Bicycling & Traffic Skills
Always make hand signals well in advance of any turn to increase
communication with other road users.
Practice stopping as quickly as possible to get a feel for how much
distance is needed at different speeds and under different conditions.
NO
Consider registration in an approved bicycling course taught by certi-
fied bicycling instructors, such as those offered by Bicycle Federation of
Wisconsin, to improve skills, knowledge and confidence on the road.
Here are some skills that you will learn and practice in these classes.
Bicycling in a straight line
Ride in a straight line without weaving between parked cars or when
going through an intersection. Keep your head up and look 300-500
feet forward. Being able to ride in a straight line under varying condi-
tions is the key to riding safely in traffic. Practice following a painted
line as closely as possible at different speeds. With practice you can
minimize wobbles. Riding in a straight line makes you predictable to
other road users.
Yes
You should be able to look over your shoulder - to both the left and
the right – while still riding in a straight line. This is a critical skill
when riding in traffic. A mirror does not replace the need to look over
your shoulder.
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Hand signals
Wisconsin state law requires bicyclists to use the same hand sig
as motorists. Hand signals are required within 50 feet of a turn.
Continuous signaling is not required if you need both hands to
trol the bicycle. Since signaling requires riding with one hand, y
should practice doing this while maintainin
Remember, you must still check over your shoulder for traffic before
moving laterally or turning.
left turn
Stopping
On a bicycle with hand brakes, the front brake accounts for up to 80
percent of the stopping power during abrupt braking because forward
momentum puts most weight over your front wheel. For optimum
stopping power, shift your weight towards the rear and try to keep your
center of gravity low and towards the rear wheel. This, in addition to
using both brakes, will reduce the tendency for the rear wheel to skid
and will increase stability. You are also less likely to flip your bike.
alternate
right turn
right turn
Ride Defensively. The single most important rule
is to remain alert and be prepared for
unpredictable moves or mistakes by others.
It is important to always keep both hands on the handlebars when
applying the brakes. Practice stopping as quickly as you can to get a
feel for how much distance is needed at different speeds and under
different conditions. You will need considerably greater stopping dis-
tances during wet conditions. Also make sure you can stop in a
straight line.
Gear shifting
The closer your chain is to the frame of the bike, the easier it is to
pedal. This is called being in a lower gear. On the front (chainring)
that will be a smaller ring; on the back (sprocket) that will be a larger
cog. A high gear is the opposite: large ring in the front, small cog in
the back. Changes in the front will make a big change in your gear,
while changes in the back will make smaller adjustments.
Harder / higher gear
The basic rule is that low gears are for slow speeds, climbing hills or
when you start from a dead stop. High gears are for faster speeds or
going downhill. Always shift into a low, easy gear before you stop.
Easier / lower gear
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Check ahead and shift into a lower gear well in advance of hills. Use
a gear that gives you a fast comfortable pedal rotation speed
(cadence) of around 70-90 revolutions per minute. Change gears
often to maintain this average cadence. Pedaling in a gear that is too
high can damage your knees and tire you out on a long ride.
Turning
Practice turning to give yourself a feel for how sharply, and at what
speeds, you can turn comfortably and safely. As you lean into cor-
ners, keep your inside pedal up to avoid catching the pedal on the
road.
Think and plan your next 30 seconds
Anticipate behavior and movements of other road users and hazards
that might appear. Make eye contact and observe the traffic on the
road ahead, behind and around you. Practice this so that it becomes
automatic behavior.
Shift your weight back during an
emergency stop.
The law requires traffic moving less than the normal speed of traffic
to keep as close as practicable to the right.
This does
mean hugging the curb or roadway edge.
Ride on the right, in the same direction as other traffic.
Ride no closer than 3 feet from parked cars
to avoid being hit by an opening door.
Be assertive
Be assertive but remember that a conflict between a bicyclist and a
motor vehicle usually results in injury to the bicyclist. It is best to
remember that, when in doubt, do not bicycle beyond your confidence
level.
By Wisconsin State law, bicycles are vehicles and riders have the same
rights and duties as operators of motor vehicles. The same rules of
right-of-way, traffic signs and signals apply to bicyclists as apply to
motorists. If you are in doubt about the rules of the road, obtain a copy
of the Wisconsin Motorists Handbook. A bicycle law sheet and wallet
card are available from the Department of Transportation or the Bicycle
Federation of Wisconsin.
Ride on the right, in the same direction as other traffic.
Some people still believe that bicyclists are like pedestrians and should
ride facing traffic. This is not only illegal, but has also been shown to
dramatically increase the risk of a collision. Drivers won’t expect a road
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user to be going the wrong way and won’t be looking for you. Riding
the wrong way makes it difficult to avoid other road users and obsta-
cles; it forces you out into traffic if you need to swerve. You can’t see
road signs or make proper turns. And finally, the “closing speed”
between you and another road user makes a collision more dangerous.
How far to the right should you ride?
The law requires bicyclists to ride as close as practicable to the right
hand curb or edge of the roadway, but that does not mean hugging
the curb or edge of the road. (See the Wisconsin Bicycle Laws in the
appendix for conditions where you are not required to ride as far to
the right as practicable.) You always need some extra space to
maneuver around road hazards without running the risk of hitting
the curb or going off the edge of the road. This allows you to move
away from traffic instead of directly into traffic in the event of an
emergency. As a general rule, ride at least 2–3 feet from the edge of
the pavement.
If there is no shoulder or bike lane and
the curb lane is narrow, bicyclists may chose to use the
whole lane by riding in the center of it.
This can be safer than riding far to the right,
which may encourage motorists to squeeze by
where there isn’t sufficient space.
Motorists are required to pass with a minimum of three feet clear-
ance and must not return to the right of the roadway until they have
Right way
fully passed you. Bicyclists are also required to maintain three feet
clearance when passing a stopped or moving vehicle - including
parked cars.
Motorists’
field of view
Motorists’
field of view
When to take a lane
If there is no shoulder or bike lane, and the curb lane is too narrow
for a bicycle and motor vehicle to share the lane while maintaining 3
feet clearance, bicyclists may chose to take the whole lane by riding
farther left, towards the center of the lane. This can be safer than rid-
ing near the curb, which may encourage motorists to squeeze by
where there isn’t sufficient room. You should also consider taking the
lane when you are traveling at the same speed as other traffic. This
will keep you out of motorists’ blind spots and reduce conflicts with
right-turning traffic. Be prepared for the occasional frustrated driver
who is not familiar with the safe and legal operation of a bicycle.
Wrong way
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If you are uncomfortable in the center of the lane, consider taking an
alternative route. It is important to bicycle within your confidence
limits and comfort when dealing with heavy or high-speed traffic.
See the Wisconsin Bicycle Laws in the appendix. 346.80(2)(a) lists
conditions when it is not practicable to ride far right.
Road surface hazards
Keep an eye on the road well ahead of you to see if there are pot-
holes, gravel, glass, drainage grates or other hazards coming up. If
you have to move over into traffic to avoid these, look over your
shoulder first and use a hand signal if necessary. An abrupt swerve
into traffic can easily lead to a collision. To make riding safer for you
and other bicyclists, report unsafe road conditions to local authorities
as soon as possible.
When you approach an intersection,
ride in the right-most lane that takes you where you want to go.
Watch for vehicles turning across your path
and be prepared to avoid them. Always enter intersections
either ahead or behind vehicles in your lane.
Parked cars
Ride no closer than three feet from parked cars to avoid being hit by
an opening door. The doors of some vehicle types can swing far into
your lane. If you can see that the car is occupied, be particularly care-
ful. Where cars are parked intermittently, ride in a straight line
instead of swerving in and out between the parked cars. This increas-
es your visibility and predictability for car drivers on the road.
Intersections and turning lanes
Approximately 60% of motorist-bicyclist collisions occur at intersec-
tions. The majority of these happen when the bicyclist is moving
straight ahead. To minimize the dangers you must observe the fol-
lowing rules at intersections and turn lanes.
When you approach an intersection with several lanes, choose the
rightmost lane that takes you where you want to go. You may get cut off
by turning cars if you are not in the appropriate lane. If there is a single
lane of traffic, position yourself in the third of the lane appropriate to
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your destination: right third if you are turning right, center if you are
going straight, and left third if you are turning left. If you cannot make
it across traffic to position yourself in the correct lane, you have the
choice to use the crosswalk as a pedestrian instead.
If there is a straight-through bike lane, use it only if you are going
straight ahead.
Watch for vehicles turning across your path either coming towards you or
from behind. Be prepared to avoid them.
Always enter intersections either ahead of or behind the vehicle in your
lane. You may not see the turn signals of a vehicle directly beside you
and the driver may not see you.
Make eye contact with other road users, when necessary, to be sure that
they have seen you.
Never make a left turn from the right side of the road,
even if you are in a bike lane.
If you cannot get into the proper lane position to turn left,
make a pedestrian-style left turn.
Ensure that you are away from the curb to increase your visibility.
Avoid entering an intersection on a yellow light since it is likely to turn
red when you are still in the middle of it. Most lights are timed for motor
vehicles that can cross the intersection more quickly.
When there are four-way stop signs, the first vehicle to come to a com-
plete stop has the right-of-way. If two vehicles stop simultaneously or so
close as to constitute a hazard, the vehicle on the right has right-of-way.
However, legally you must not proceed until it is safe to do so.
Treat every driveway like an intersection and watch for traffic emerg-
ing from the driveway. Do not assume that a driver backing out of a
driveway has seen you.
Going straight through an intersection
To go straight through an intersection, use the rightmost lane that
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goes straight ahead. Do not ride in a right-turn-only lane if you are
going straight.
Right turn only lanes when going straight
If the curb lane becomes a right-turn-only lane, you will need to
change lanes to go straight. Look over your shoulder for traffic, sig-
nal, and then go to the right side of the closest straight-through lane
when an opening appears.
Making a left turn
There are two main ways of making a left turn on a bicycle.
a) As a vehicle: As you approach the intersection, look over your left
shoulder for traffic, signal your turn, and, when clear, move over to
the left side of the lane (on a two-lane road), or into the left lane or
the center-turn lane. You should be positioned so cars going straight
through cannot pass you on your left. Yield to oncoming traffic
When overtaking slower traffic,
it is safer to pass on the left.
Do not pass drivers on the right if there is a driveway
or intersection where they could turn in front of you.
before turning. If you are riding in a bike lane, or on a road with sev-
eral lanes, you need to look and signal each time you change lanes.
Never make a left turn from the right side of the road, even if you are
a.
b.
in a bike lane.
b) Pedestrian style: Proceed straight through the intersection on the
right. Then stop, make a 90 degree left turn, and either walk your
bicycle in the crosswalk, or proceed as if you were coming from the
right. If there is a signal, wait for the green or WALK signal before
crossing. Yield to pedestrians in the crosswalk.
On rural or high-speed roads you should time your left turn so that
you can complete the whole turn at once without affecting motorists.
You don’t want to get caught in the middle of high-speed traffic. If
necessary slow down or stop on the right edge of the road and wait
until you get a large enough gap in traffic to make your turn safely. If
the traffic is too heavy without a sufficient gap, continue on to the
nearest intersection and do a pedestrian-style turn.
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Passing on the left
When overtaking slower moving traffic, you may pass on their left
and should allow at least three feet of clearance. When passing other
bicyclists, warn them in advance by voice or bell.
Passing on the right
You may pass on the right if it is safe to do so. It is safe only if you
can maintain at least three feet clearance from both stopped and
moving vehicles. When passing, be sure to check for drivers posi-
tioning themselves to make a right turn. Motorists may not signal
their turns and often do not expect you to be to their right. This is a
common cause of crashes.
When approaching an intersection with stopped traffic, it is often
best to look over your shoulder, move into the middle of the lane,
and line up with the rest of traffic. This will also prevent motorists
from making a right turn into you as you enter an intersection.
Rain makes roads, metal and paint slippery,
especially after a long dry period.
Slow down and leave extra room to stop.
Visibility is poor in wet weather.
Ride defensively and increase your visibility
When NOT to pass on the right:
• when traffic is moving;
• when there is a street, driveway or parking spot a
car can turn into;
• when motorists have moved left to go around you or
will have to move over before the next intersection; or
• when you cannot maintain three feet clearance from another vehicle.
Riding side by side
Riding two abreast is permitted in Wisconsin on any street as long as
other traffic is not impeded. Both riders must stay in the same lane. It
is never legal to ride more than two abreast.
Hazards
Buses, trucks and motor homes
Drivers of large vehicles have large blind spots where they are unable to
see bicyclists. If you cannot see the driver in the vehicle mirrors, the
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driver cannot see you. Avoid riding in these blind spots and only pass
slow moving large vehicles on the left.
In urban areas watch for right-turning buses and semis, since their
length and rear overhang require more space than you might expect.
Large vehicles will often move toward the left lane in preparation for
a right turn. Never pass on the right unless you have a lane to your-
self and are positive they are not preparing for a right turn. The most
dangerous point in a turn is when the cab has made the turn but the
trailer has not.
When traveling at the same speed as a transit bus requiring frequent
stops, use common sense and courtesy to avoid conflict and a poten-
tially dangerous situation between yourself and the bus that can hap-
pen when you re-pass each other. Recognize that it is often difficult
for the bus to pass you, especially in heavy traffic.
Brakes work less efficiently when wet,
especially during initial exposure to wet conditions.
Black ice is particularly dangerous since it is hard to see.
It is most common on bridges, metal surfaces and shady areas.
Large vehicles traveling at high speeds create varying degrees of air tur-
bulence that can cause a bicyclist to be pulled into the path of passing
vehicles. Use extra caution to avoid being drafted (pulled) into the lane
behind a truck. Be especially cautious in windy conditions, where the
draft can be magnified by the wind-blocking action of the trailer.
Railroad tracks
Cross railroad tracks carefully. Cross as close to 90 degrees as possible
to avoid getting your wheel caught in the tracks. If the tracks cross the
road at less than 45 degrees, change your road position well in advance
so that you cross them at close to 90 degrees. Ensure that you have indi-
cated your intention to other traffic.
Watch for uneven pavement and grooves along the rails. Keep firm con-
trol of your bicycle. When crossing rough pavement or railroad tracks,
rise up from the saddle and allow your legs to act as shock absorbers.
Tracks can be slippery when wet, so avoid turns while crossing.
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Weather hazards
Rain makes roads slippery, especially after a long dry period. Watch
out especially for painted markings on the road, leaves, oily spots and
metal utility access covers; these locations are likely to be slippery.
Avoid them if possible or cross them with great care. You have less
traction on the road, so turn more slowly.
Visibility is poor in wet weather and when the sun is low (winter,
sun rise or sun set) and motorists may have more difficulty seeing
you. Ride defensively and see the visibility section on how to make
yourself more visible.
Leave extra room and be prepared for sudden stops or swerves by
traffic around you.
Brakes work less effectively when wet, especially during the initial
exposure to wet conditions. If possible, try them out on a quiet street to
Special care should be taken when transporting small
children by bicycle. All children should wear an approved
bicycle helmet and should be secured by a seat belt system
when in a trailer or bicycle child seat.
test their stopping power before heading into heavier and faster traffic.
Dry rims by feathering brakes (applying them lightly) before you need to
stop or slow down. Always give yourself extra room to stop when rims
are wet.
Avoid puddles when possible since they might hide potholes, broken
glass or other exciting surprises.
Cold weather leads to frost, black ice and snow, all reducing traction
dramatically. Remember that two wheels do not slide in the same
manner as four wheels. A bicycle is more likely to slide out from
under you on ice. Whenever traction is reduced you should bicycle
more slowly and cautiously, especially at intersections. Using wider
tires with lowered pressure can help.
Black ice is particularly dangerous since it is hard to see and can sud-
denly eliminate your grip on the road. It is most common on bridges,
metal surfaces, and shaded areas.
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Traffic signals
Many traffic signals are triggered by electrically charged wires buried
under the pavement. When a vehicle passes over or stops over the
wires, the metal disrupts the current, which sends a signal to a traffic
light control box.
Most bicycles contain enough metal to trigger the light, but you
should know where the most sensitive spots are. Look for cut lines in
the pavement, filled with tar. Depending on the shape, the most sen-
sitive spots are:
• Diamonds: just inside one of the points.
• Rectangles: on the edges.
If you cannot trigger the signal, and you have waited an appropriate
amount of time, treat the traffic signal as an uncontrolled intersec-
Trailer-Bike
Because headphones obstruct your hearing,
they should not be worn while bicycling.
tion and proceed when it is safe to do so. You may also dismount
and cross as a pedestrian. Report the malfunctioning signal to
your traffic engineering department.
Carrying children
Special care should be taken when transporting a child by bicycle.
There are a number of options available for transporting children
depending on their size and age. For carrying younger
children, a bike trailer offers more protection for
Trailer
the child if you should fall. Bike trailers are
generally considered to be a safer alternative
than a bicycle child seat. When using a seat
mounted on the back of a bicycle, special care
should be taken to ensure that the child’s feet,
hands and clothing cannot be caught in the
spokes or other moving parts of the bike.
Bike trailers and trailer-bicycles should be
equipped with a taillight and reflector if
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being used at night. Bike trailers should also have
a bike flag attached to the trailer to improve visi-
bility since they are lower to the ground. All chil-
dren should wear an approved bicycle helmet and
should be secured by a seat belt system when in a
trailer or in a bicycle child seat. Prior to taking
your child out in any type of carrier you may wish
to practice turning, stopping, hill climbing and
other maneuvers with a sand bag or other weight
to simulate the effect of the additional load.
Several studies have proven that bicyclists on side-
walks face a far greater collision risk than bicy-
clists on the roadway. The main danger points are
driveways and street crossings where sidewalk
bicyclists surprise motorists and pedestrians by
appearing from unexpected directions. Bicyclists
on sidewalks traveling in the opposite direction
from traffic are especially at risk.
Riding on multi-use paths
Riding two on a bicycle
Except for street crossings and driveways, paths
are safe from car/bicycle collisions, and you don’t
have to endure the noise and pollution. However,
bicyclists must yield to pedestrians and slower
path users in general. Other users, such as jog-
gers, skaters, children, pets, and pedestrians may
Riding double is only permitted when carrying a
child in an approved carrier or when riding a tan-
dem or trailer-bicycle.
Some jurisdictions allow riding on the sidewalk,
but several studies have shown that bicyclists face a far greater
risk of collision on the sidewalk than on the roadway.
On multi-use paths, bicyclists must yield to slower
users and give an audible warning when passing.
Headphones
act unpredictably, and a bicyclist maintaining a
high speed can be a danger on such a path.
Therefore, bicyclists who want to travel quickly
should opt to use roadways rather than heavily
used paths. Remember that you are sharing the
path with others and need to respect their rights.
Reduce your speed where appropriate and give an
audible warning before passing other path users.
Because headphones can obstruct your hearing,
they are not recommended while riding a bicycle
and are illegal in some jurisdictions. Check your
local ordinances.
Bicycling restrictions
Bicycles may not be ridden on roads where signs
indicate bicycling is prohibited. Bicycling is per-
mitted on all other roadways.
Riding on sidewalks
Local jurisdictions may or may not permit bicycles
on sidewalks, but bicyclists must yield to pedestri-
ans and give an audible warning when passing. At
intersections and other sidewalk crossings, bicy-
clists have the same rights and duties as pedestri-
ans.
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Appendices
Bicyclists are a legitimate and recognized part of traffic,
and they have a legal right to safe riding conditions on our roads.
There are individuals at the local, state,
and national level who can help you.
coordinator can deal with many of the questions
Who can you
contact?
While bicycle commuters may sometimes feel
embattled and overlooked, there are, in fact, a
number of resources available to help improve
life for those who use their bikes as a primary
means of transportation. Bicyclists are a legiti-
mate and recognized part of traffic and they have
a legal right to safe riding conditions on
of bicyclists in Madison such as road conditions,
construction, safety, bicycling hazards, and appro-
priate facilities for bicycling. It is the coordina-
tor’s job to ensure that bicyclists’ needs and con-
cerns are being taken into account when munici-
pal decisions are being made.
In other communities, call the planning depart-
ment or traffic committee chair to ask who is in
charge of bicycle planning. Your voice is important.
Wisconsin’s roads. Listed below are some people
and groups that you can contact if you have bicy-
cle-related concerns and issues to be addressed.
You can also ask if your community has a Bicycle
Advisory Committee. Some communities have
committees which are composed of city staff
members (police, planners, engineers) and mem-
bers of the public. Many public officials are happy
to have members of the public become involved
Madison has a Bicycle/Pedestrian Coordinator in
its Department of Transportation office. The
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in local issues. Find out which committee best
addresses bicycling issues. In Madison this would
be the Pedestrian/Bicycle/Motor Vehicle
Commission. The UW and Dane County also
each have a Pedestrian/Bicycle Sub-committee.
Dane County
Highway & Transportation Department
2302 Fish Hatchery Rd.
Madison, WI 53713-2495
608-266-4261
Below are helpful resources for bicycle
information in the area:
Parks Department
4318 Robertson Rd
City of Madison
Pedestrian-Bicycle Coordinator
Madison Traffic Engineering
PO Box 2986
Madison, WI 53714
608-246-3896
Madison, WI 53701-2986
608-266-6225
Call your community’s planning or traffic
departments to ask who is responsible
for bicycle planning and safety.
Your voice is important.
For regional bicycle issues and planning,
Wisconsin DOT
contact:
State Bicycle Coordinator
Wisconsin Department of Transportation
4802 Sheboygan Ave.
Madison Area Metropolitan Planning
Organization
PO Box 7913
121 S Pinckney #400
Madison, WI 53707-7913
608-267-7757
Madison, WI 53703
608-266-4336
UW-Madison
You can also find the Bicycle Transportation Plan
for the Madison Urban Area and Dane County on
the City of Madison’s web site:
bicycletranplan.html
Pedestrian/Bicycle Coordinator
610 Walnut St, Rm 142
Madison, WI 53705
608- 263-2969
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Lift your bike onto the bike rack, fitting wheels
into proper wheel slots. Each wheel slot is clearly
labeled for the front wheel. (NOTE: The rack
operates properly even if a bicycle is loaded in the
wrong direction.) The purpose of the directional
placement is to make the bike nearest the bus
easier to unload.
Public Transit
Bus Bike Racks
Madison Metro has bike racks on its buses. The
racks each hold two bicycles and are easy to use.
Instructions on how to use the racks can be found
on the rack or the Madison Metro website:
taking your bike on the bus. One way to learn to
use the racks is to practice while a bus is waiting
at a transfer point or time point such as the
Capitol Square.
Raise the Support Arm over the front wheel. The
Support Arm’s number one purpose is to add lat-
eral support for the the bicycle when the bus is in
motion or at rest. Many bikes will sit in the
wheel well without the use of the Support Arm,
but the rack must not be used without the use of
the Support Arm. Bikes with especially thin rims
and tires will sway back and forth without its use.
The integration of bicycles into existing
and planned transit systems is a
highly effective way to expand the
range of travel possible on two wheels.
Loading Bikes
Prepare your bike for loading. Remove water bot-
tles, pumps and other loose items that could fall
off while the bus is in motion.
Inform the bus driver that you will be loading
your bike. You must load your bike from the curb
or in front of the bus. Do not step into oncoming
traffic to load your bike.
Squeeze handle up to release latch, then fold
down the bike rack. You only need to use one
hand to unlatch and pull the bike rack down, so
you can hold your bike with your other hand. It is
not necessary to lean your bike against the bus.
1
2
3
4
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The Support Arm needs to be raised so that the
hook rests at the highest point on the front wheel.
Van Galder Bus
608/752-5407
800/747-0994
Board the bus and enjoy the ride! Choose a seat
near the front of the bus to keep an eye on your
bike. DON’T FORGET you have a bike with you
when you get off at your stop. New riders often
do!
Metro Transit
608/266-4466
Unloading Bikes
Badger Bus
608/255-1511
Inform the bus driver that you will be unloading
your bike as you approach your stop. Use the
front door to exit the bus. Unload your bike from
in front of the bus or from the curb, not from the
street.
Bicyclists have the same rights and responsibilities
as drivers of motor vehicles
Raise the Support Arm off the wheel. The
Support Arm automatically folds down to a secure
position.
Crashes
In Wisconsin, crashes involving a motor vehicle
must be reported if they involve property damage
of $1000 or more or if there are injuries requir-
ing first aid or medical treatment whether or not
treatment is administered. Other crashes should
be reported to protect the legal rights of victims
and aid in correcting and tracking crash causes.
Lift your bike out of the bike rack.
Fold up the Bike-Rack-for-Buses if there are no
bikes on the rack and no one else is waiting to
load their bike. The bike rack locks in place.
Step away from the bus with your bike.
Bicyclists are required to remain at the scene of a
crash, the same as the driver of a motor vehicle. You
are also required to provide your name and address
to the other parties involved or to a police officer
upon request. It is best to carry identification, emer-
gency contact information, and medical insurance
information, especially when you bicycle alone.
Bus companies such as Van Galder and Badger
Buses will generally take bikes as luggage as long
as there is space. They may or may not require
them to be boxed and may charge a fee. Call
ahead to ask about rules if you want to take your
bike on an inter-city bus trip.
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If you are in a crash with a motor vehicle, bicycle
or pedestrian, don't ride away or shake off what
seems like a minor injury. You might find later
that it is worse than you thought. Bicycling
injuries often don’t manifest themselves until
much later. It is better to be sure you have all the
details of a crash in case you need medical atten-
tion or to file a report.
7. If you file a police report, get the report num-
ber from police on the scene. Also, if you're a vic-
tim: Don't get mad at the scene. Keep a level head
so you can ask questions and take notes.
If you're injured, don't move unless you're sure
you won't injure yourself more.
If the crash is not reported at the time it happens,
you can also file a report after the fact. Call the
law enforcement agency in the jurisdiction where
the crash occurred and ask how to report a crash.
If you're a victim of, or a witness to a crash, here
are the steps to take:
1. Call the police.
2. If needed, get medical help immediately.
3. Get the following information from others
involved in the crash (if relevant to vehicle
involved): driver name, address, phone number,
Most homeowner’s insurance will cover your lia-
bility if you cause a crash while on your bike.
Check with your insurance provider if you have
questions.
In general, bicycle–motor vehicle crashes involving child bicyclists
tend to be caused by an error on the part of the bicyclist.
In crashes involving adult bicyclists, the crash is more likely
to be caused by an error on the part of the motorist.
driver's license number, license plate number,
make of car, insurance company name and policy
number. Copy driver name and address informa-
tion directly from the driver’s license, if possible.
Don’t accept a business card without verifying
that the name is the same as on the driver’s
license.
Dangerous Traffic Violations
Many bicyclists and motorists are unaware of the
rights and responsibilities of bicyclists. In the
event that you are on the receiving end of danger-
ous driving behavior and are able to obtain a vehi-
cle license plate number, report the matter to
police as soon as possible. It is unwise to confront
motorists on the road with your opinion of their
traffic etiquette. Use common sense when traffic
incidents occur and avoid entering into ‘road
rage’ behavior yourself. As in the case of a colli-
sion, write down all relevant information immedi-
ately. Police can only act upon reports where
there is detailed information (vehicle license
plate; make and model of car; driver description)
for a charge (i.e. unsafe passing, failure-to-yield,
4. Get the names and phone numbers of wit-
nesses.
5. Write down how the crash happened while it's
fresh in your memory. Include details of the inci-
dent, including a diagram. Describe the circum-
stances of the collision in as much detail as possi-
ble: weather conditions, lighting, speeds, etc...
6. Keep (or photograph) any damaged clothes or
equipment. Save any receipts from repairs or
medical bills. You will need these for an insur-
ance claim.
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failure to drive with due care and attention, etc.).
Depending on the location of the incident and the
caseload of the local police, you may find the
authorities reluctant to follow up on a report. It is
important to avoid making ‘nuisance’ complaints.
However, if your concern is of a serious nature,
obtain a police report number and follow up on
the outcome.
Although they are much less common, crashes
with motor vehicles tend to be much more seri-
ous and of greater concern to bicyclists. In gener-
al, crashes involving children (up to age 14) tend
to be caused by an error on the part of the bicy-
clist. Children often do not yield to traffic in the
roadway when riding out from a driveway or side-
walk. A swerve into traffic from the side of the
road is another common error among children.
Avoiding crashes
In 2000, there were 690 bicycling fatalities and
51,000 bicycling injuries reported as a result of
traffic crashes in the United States. It is estimated
that injuries are significantly under reported –
possibly by a factor of ten. [Pedestrian and Bicycle
In crashes involving adult bicyclists, the crash is
more likely to be caused by an error on the part of
the motorist. Failure to yield the right of way –
either when making a turn or at a traffic control
device – is the cause of most adult bicyclist-
motorist crashes.
The bicycle is defined as a vehicle under Wisconsin Statute.
Follow the same rules of the road as
you would if you were driving a car.
Information Center] Whatever the true number of
bicycle crashes, the number is dwarfed by the
number of motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and
fatalities each year.
More information on crash types and causes can
be found at the web page for the Pedestrian and
Bicycling Information Center,
In addition, inactivity has been cited as a major
contributing factor in many chronic diseases and
deaths in the US. Bicycling is one way to get exer-
cise and prevent these health problems.
For a full analysis of crash types from the Federal
Highway Administration, this web page is very
helpful: safety.fhwa.dot.gov/fourthlevel/pdf/ctan-
bike.pdf
To prevent injuries, it helps to understand the
most common types of bicycle crashes. The
majority of crashes are simply falls involving no
other person or vehicle. Examples of these are hit-
ting an object; slipping on gravel, sand or ice; get-
ting your wheel caught in railroad tracks; or hit-
ting a pothole.
Several studies in North America have found that
the primary fault in bicycle/motor vehicle colli-
sions is approximately equally shared between
bicyclists and drivers. However, these studies
often do not separate adult from child bicyclists
when reporting data.
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rights and subject to the same duties as the
driver of any other vehicle. [346.02(4)(a)]
All bicyclists should be aware that the three most
common motorist-caused bicycle/motor vehicle
collisions are:
• An oncoming driver turns left in front of the
bicyclist.
• A driver on a cross street stops, and then pulls
out directly in front of the bicyclist.
• A driver barely passes the bicyclist and then
turns right.
Lane Positioning
•
•
•
Always ride on the right, in the same direction
as other traffic. [346.80(2)(a)]
Ride as far to the right as is practicable (not as
far right as possible). [346.80(2)(a)]
Practicable generally means safe and reason-
able. 346.80(2)(a) lists a few situations when it
is not practicable to ride far to the right:
Wisconsin Bicycle
Laws
Bicyclists have the same rights and responsibili-
ties as drivers of a motor vehicles. The laws that
•
•
When overtaking and passing another vehicle
traveling in the same direction;
When preparing for a left turn at an inter-sec-
tion or driveway;
A bicyclist riding at night must use a
white front light and a red rear reflector
•
When reasonably necessary to avoid unsafe
govern bicyclists are contained in the Wisconsin
Vehicle Code. A copy of the information below is
available as a card that can be carried in your bike
bag or jersey. Contact the Wisconsin Department
of Transportation or the Bicycle Federation of
Wisconsin to get a copy. [See the Who Can You
Contact section for contact information.]
conditions, including fixed or moving objects,
parked or moving vehicles, pedestrians, ani-
mals, surface hazards or substandard width
lanes [defined as a lane that is too narrow for a
bicycle and a motor vehicle to travel safely side
by side within the lane].
One Way Streets
Disclaimer: Please refer to Wisconsin State
Statutes for actual wording of the laws. These are
stats.html. Numbers in brackets below denote
relevant State Statutes.
•
Bicycles on a one–way street with 2 or more
lanes of traffic may ride as near the left or
right–hand edge or curb of the roadway as
practicable (in the same direction as other traf-
fic). [346.80(2)(b)]
Vehicular Status
•
•
The bicycle is defined as a vehicle. [340.01(5)]
The operator of a vehicle is granted the same
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front light must be visible to others 500 feet
away. The red rear reflector must be visible to
others between 50 and 500 feet away. A red or
amber steady or flashing rear light may be
used in addition to the required reflector. A
light and reflector are required no matter
where you ride--street, path or sidewalk.
[347.489(1)]
Use of Shoulders
•
Bicycles may be ridden on the shoulder of a
highway unless prohibited by local authorities.
[386.04(1m)]
Riding 2-Abreast
•
Riding 2 abreast is permitted on any street as
long as other traffic is not impeded. When rid-
ing 2 abreast on a 2 or more lane roadway, you
both have to ride within a single lane.
[346.80(3)(a)]
Duty to report accident. [346.70]
•
The operator of a vehicle involved in an acci-
dent resulting in injury to or death of any per-
son, or total damage to property owned by any
one person of $1,000 or more shall immediate-
ly give notice of such accident to the police.
Hand Signals
•
Bicyclists are required to use the same hand
signals as motorists [346.35].
•
“Injury” means injury to a person of a physical
nature resulting in death or the need of first
•
Hand signals are required within 50 feet of
your turn. It is not required continuously if
you need both hands to control the bicycle
[346.34(1)(b)]
aid or attention by a physician or surgeon,
whether or not first aid or medical or surgical
treatment was actually received;
•
•
“Total damage to property owned by one per-
son” means the sum total cost of putting the
property damaged in the condition it was
before the accident, or the sum total cost of
replacing such property.
Passing
•
A motorist passing a bicyclist in the same lane
is required to give the bicyclist at least 3 feet of
clearance, and to maintain that clearance until
safely past. [346.075]
This section does not apply to accidents involv-
ing only vehicles propelled by human power.
•
A bicyclist passing a stopped or moving vehicle
is also required to give at least 3 feet of clear-
ance when passing. [346.80(2)(c)]
Use of Sidewalks
•
State Statutes allow local units of government
to permit vehicles on sidewalks through local
ordinances. [346.94(1)]
Bicycling at Night
•
Bicycling at night requires at least a white front
headlight and a red rear reflector. The white
•
When bicycles are allowed to be operated on
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sidewalks, bicyclists must yield to pedestrians
and give an audible warning when passing
pedestrians traveling in the same direction.
[346.804]
Two Minutes a
Bicyclist Can’t
Afford to Miss
•
At intersections and other sidewalk crossings
(alleys, driveways), a bicyclist on the sidewalk
has the same rights and duties as pedestrians.
[346.23, 24, 25, 37, 38]
Is bike inspection something you have been
reserving for a rainy day activity? It shouldn’t be.
Make this two minute check each time you are
preparing to ride. Correct any problems and
make adjustments on the spot. When you ride,
your attention should be on the road at all times.
If you hear a rattle or suspect a problem, get off
the road to check it. Do not start looking your
bike over while you are moving. Taking attention
away from the road ahead to glance down at the
bike has caused many a bicycle crash.
Bicycle Security
Talk to your local bicycle store about the right
lock for you and your bicycle. Ask for secure, cov-
ered parking at your workplace. For short-term
parking, make sure to lock both your frame and
front wheel to a bike rack or other object that can-
not be moved. Best locations are in busy pedestri-
an areas visible from many vantage points. At
home keep your bicycle out of sight and dry.
Never leave your bike unlocked for even a short
time. Keep a description of your bike and its seri-
al number at home; they will help you retrieve
your bike if it is stolen. Madison has mandatory
bicycle registration. Even if you live in another
community, you can register your bicycle with the
city of Madison. Your local police may also keep
records of serial numbers. Check with an insur-
ance agent about protecting your bike—it’s an
investment you’ll want to keep.
The Two Minute Check:
1. Check that your front wheel quick release is
tight (or axle nuts).
2. Squeeze the front brake lever and check that the
brake pads align squarely on the rim. Also check
the brake cable and housing for cuts or kinks (make
sure to check both at the brake and at the lever).
3. Pick up the front of the bike and spin the
front wheel. Check for wheel trueness (side to
side wobble caused by improperly tensioned or
broken spokes, or a bent rim), tire wear, and
brake pad clearance from the rim (about 1/8
inch). If you have fenders or a handlebar bag,
make sure these do not rub on the tire.
Madison Bicycle Registration
608/266-4474
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4. Grab the top of the front wheel and try to rock
it side to side. If you feel any play your hub bear-
ings need adjustment.
for bent or tight links. Check the derailleur cables
and housing for cuts and kinks (again, check both
at the derailleurs and at the levers).
Repeat steps (1) through (4) for the rear. Also
check the vertical alignment of the rear
derailleur’s roller cage (it should be in the same
plane as the freewheel cogs).
8. Try hard to twist the saddle up and down, and
left and right. If it does not move it’s secure. Do
the same to your handlebars, bracing the front
wheel between your knees. Put all your weight
on the handlebars when twisting up and down to
make certain they will not slip in a panic stop.
5. Grab the front brake and try to rock the front
wheel back and forth. If you feel any play, your
headset might be loose and need adjustment.
Pick the front wheel up off the ground and turn
the handlebars side to side. If you feel any bind-
ing or excessive resistance, your headset may be
too tight.
9. Check other attachments, nuts and bolts to
make sure nothing is loose or might rub against
your tires.
6. Grab the crankarms and try to push them in
and out to check the crank arms and bearings for
looseness. There should be no lateral play in the
crank axle. Also check that the pedals are
screwed in all the way, flat against the crankarms
(note: there is a left and a right pedal, the left
pedal is reverse threaded. The pedals should be
marked with an L or an R either on the back of
the spindle or on the flats.)
10. Check your tire pressure with a gauge. Keep
your tires pumped up to the recommended pres-
sure marked on the tire.
7. With the rear wheel off the ground, turn the
pedals and shift through the gears. Make sure the
derailleurs can reach all your cog/chainring com-
binations and do not throw the chain off the front
or back sprockets. If there are problems, you may
need to make a cable adjustment or adjust the
derailleur limit screws. Watch the chain pass
through the rear derailleur jockey wheels looking
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Trail Etiquette
•
•
•
Always look before changing positions on the
trail.
•
•
•
Whether you are walking, biking, jogging, or
roller blading, stay on the right side of the path
except to pass.
Do not block the trail. If you need to stop,
move to the side or off the trail.
Faster users must yield to slower users. When
approaching another user, slow down and give
the person plenty of space.
Control your speed. Trails are not an appropri-
ate place for high speed riding. Respect other
trail users. If you feel frustrated slowing down,
the road may be a better place for your ride.
Pass on the left. Clearly alert others before
passing. State law requires an audible warning
when passing a pedestrian.
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The Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin…
Help Us Make Wisconsin a Better Place to Bicycle!
Please join us today!
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
$15 Limited Income
$25 Basic (free map)
$35 Supporter (free map)
$50 Advocate (free map and extra gift!)
$100 Sustaining (extra gifts!)
$500 Legacy (much more!)
$1000 Lifetime (become a Golden Spoke!)
All members get our quarterly newsletter, our annual event booklet, and discounts at select bike
shops throughout the state and on BFW merchandise…plus updates and representation on bike
issues!
The Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin is a statewide membership-based
nonprofit bicycle education and advocacy organization. We strive to
Make Wisconsin a Better Place to Bicycle by empowering citizens to
build communities where bicyclists are safe to ride the roads and trails.
We educate decision makers, motorists, and other bicyclists to the trans-
portation and safety issues and environmental, health, and economic ben-
efits of bicycling. We promote bicycling as an integral part of a balanced
transportation system, a healthy and fun lifestyle, and a prosperous econ-
Name as it appears on credit card/billing address:
Name
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________ State _____ Zip__________
Address
City
Hm. Ph.
_________________
E-mail ____________________________
(or amount to charge to credit card)
❑ Check enclosed for $________
❑ Mastercard
❑ Visa
CC#:
__________/__________/__________/____________
Exp. Date ________/________ (month/year)
Signature: _________________________________________________
Please make check payable to and return this page to:
Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin
P.O. Box 1224, Madison, WI 53701-1224
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Bicycling Resources and Advocacy
Ever wonder what advocacy really is? You may be interested in advocacy and not even know it! If you
are concerned about the rights and privileges of bicyclists, whether for access to trails or safer road rid-
ing conditions, then you are interested in bicycling advocacy.
There are many ways to become involved in advocacy and help ensure that bicyclists as a community of
people are heard and understood. There are clubs and coalitions, as well as concerned individuals,
throughout the area that work to improve bicycling conditions, rights and privileges. Don’t wait for oth-
ers to solve problems for you. Become familiar with the decision-makers and bicycling advocacy groups
in your area to work toward improved conditions for bicyclists.
If you are concerned about the safety, rights and privileges of bicyclists, whether on trails, paths, or the
road, then you are interested in bicycling advocacy.
THE FOLLOWING RESOURCES AND GROUPS SHOULD HELP YOU
GET STARTED AS AN ADVOCATE:
Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin welcomes all comments, suggestions, and additional bicycling
information for Bike Sense from across the state. To reach us, or to order copies of the manual, contact:
Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin
106 E Doty St, Ste. 400
PO Box 1224
Madison, WI 53701-1224
608-251-4456 (voice)
608-251-4594 (fax)
Bike Sense was edited by Robbie Webber with considerable assistance from
Arthur Ross, Peter Flucke, and Marjorie Ward.
Graphic design and layout by Eric Rank
Additional original drawings by John Carr
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THE 5 BASIC PRINCIPLES:
Maintain your bicycle in good working order.
Be as visible as possible to others.
Learn the skills needed to control your bicycle.
Bicycle in traffic safely and predictably.
Know and obey the rules of the road.
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