500.2
power
®
®
c a r a u d i ofor
new
chrome
heatsink
f a n a t i c s
competition Power amplifier
Operation & Installation
®
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T
ABL E O F
C
O N T E N T S
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Accessory Pack ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
Technical Design Features............................................................................................................................................. 2
Design Features ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Installation Considerations ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Mounting Locations...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Battery and Charging ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Wiring the System ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Using Passive Crossovers ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Table of Crossover Components ................................................................................................................................... 11
Using the XCard ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Customizing the XCard ............................................................................................................................................... 12
XCard Resistor Chart................................................................................................................................................... 13
XCard Configurations.................................................................................................................................................. 14
Installation ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Using the Balanced Line Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 19
Rockford Fosgate Accessories ...................................................................................................................................... 21
Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Autosound 2000’s Quick Check for Troubleshooting....................................................................................................... 25
Dynamic Power Measurements.................................................................................................................................... 27
500.2 Specifications .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Warranty Information ................................................................................................................................................. 29
International Information ............................................................................................................................................. 30
G
E T T I N G
S
T A R T E D
Welcome to Rockford Fosgate! This manual is designed to provide information for the owner, salesperson and installer. For
those of you who want quick information on how to install this product please turn to the Installation section of this manual
or refer to the icons listed below. Other information can be located by using the Table of Contents. We, at Rockford Fosgate,
have worked very hard to make sure all the information in this manual is current. But, as we are constantly finding new ways
to improve our product, this information is subject to change without notice.
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Sections marked
ADVANCED
OPERATION
include in-depth
technical information
Sections marked
INSTALLATION
include “slam dunk”
wiring connections
Sections marked
TROUBLESHOOTING
include recommendations
for curing installation
problems
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INTRODUCTION
The Punch Power series of amplifiers represent the best Rockford Fosgate has to offer! Our engineers devised technical
features which would be considered overkill by other audio manufacturers, but not at Rockford Fosgate! Trans•nova,
DIAMOND, andTOPAZ, exclusivelydesignedbyRockford, arejusta fewofthesefeatureswhicharedescribedintheTechnical
Design Features section of this manual.
ACCESSORY PACK
The accessory pack includes the mounting hardware necessary to secure the amplifier to the vehicle and to attach the end
caps to the amplifier.
Punch Power 500.2
Installation & Operation Manual
Punch Verification Certificate
(4) Amplifier mounting screws (#8 x 3⁄4" phillips)
(4) Speaker connector screws (3/32" allen)
(2) Power connector screws (1/8" allen)
(4) End cap mounting screws (9/64" allen)
(1) Allen wrench 3/32" (speaker)
(1) Allen wrench 9/64" (end cap)
(1) Allen wrench 1/8" (power)
– 1 –
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TECH NICAL
D
ESIGN FEATURES
◆ trans•nova (TRANSconductance NOdal Voltage Amplifier)
The trans•nova (TRANS conductance NOdal Voltage Amplifier) is a patented circuit (U.S. Patent 4,467,288) that allows
the audio signal to pass through the amplifier at low voltage. Each amplifier channel utilizes its own “fully floating” power
supply and is configured to increase power gain. The increase in power gain allows the drive stage to operate at a lower
voltage. A low voltage drive stage is the same principle used in high quality preamplifiers to produce high linearity and wide
bandwidth.
E-I
I-E
trans•nova circuitry
The resulting design utilizes an output stage with a simpler gain structure and a shorter total signal path than conventional
high voltage (bi-polar) designs. The number of stages is reduced from five or more to three. The output stage is further refined
into a trans-impedance stage (current to voltage converter) to achieve a short loop (fast) negative feedback. The output stage
is driven cooperatively by a transconductance stage (voltage to current converter).
THE RESULT: Superior sound quality, greater efficiency and higher reliability.
◆ DIAMOND (Dynamically Invariant AMplification Optimized Nodal Drive)
DIAMOND (Dynamically Invariant AMplificiation Optimized Nodal Drive - patent pending) is an important advance in circuit
design which reduces high frequency distortion. Amplifiers which utilize a large array of output MOSFETs cause a high
capacitive load on the driver stage. This load can make the high frequencies sound harsh. The DIAMOND circuit eliminates
highfrequencydistortionbyallowingthedrivertooperatewith20dBormoreofcurrentheadroom, whereastraditionaldrivers
have only 6dB of current headroom.
THE RESULT: Lower distortion and greater inherent stability.
◆ MEHSA (Maximum Efficiency Heat Sink Application)
The MEHSA (Maximum Efficiency Heat-Sink Application) is a proprietary process that yields up to 5 times better heat transfer
than traditional FET mounting techniques using the exact same components. A multi-layer insulated metal substrate
operatingwithminimalthermalresistancespreadsheatbothdownward&outwardtoquicklydissipateheatfromeachdevice
across the heat sink. This process combined with our DSM technology and MOSFET devices allow us to squeeze more watts
per cubic inch from every output device as well as provide consistent thermal stability.
THE RESULT: Optimized power output, enhanced thermal stability, and maximum component reliability.
– 2 –
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◆ TOPAZ (Tracking Operation Pre-Amplifier Zone)
The TOPAZ (Tracking Operation Pre-Amplifier Zone) circuitry solves ground loop noise problems common to automotive
amplifier design. This innovative new development allows vastly improved isolation of the input signal grounds from the
power supply ground of the amplifier. This is accomplished by allowing the source unit to control the potential “environment”
of the entire input structure or “zone” of the amplifier. This process improves the noise rejection of the amplifier by 30-40dB
– an astounding 20-100 times better than amplifiers without TOPAZ.
THE RESULT: Elimination of troublesome ground loop noise between source and amplifier.
◆ DSM (Discrete Surface Mount Technology)
The DSM (Discrete Surface Mount) manufacturing process combines the advantages of both discrete components and
integrated circuitry. Rockford Fosgate is the only American amplifier manufacturer to have invested millions into this process.
DSM components differ from conventional discrete components in different ways. They are more compact, more rugged,
and they efficiently dissipate generated heat. Using them wherever appropriate allows the advantages associated with
discrete circuitry to be retained while also providing room for both highly advanced processing features and generous PC
board copper paths where needed. Their short lead-out structures allow maximum audio performance and highest signal-
to-noise ratios to be obtained in amplifiers of desirable package size without resorting to “amplifier-on-a-chip” shortcuts. These
advantages are shown below in Figure 1.
Component
Figure 1
Solder
Solder
PC Board
PC Board
Thru-Hole
Surface Mount
THE RESULT: Less connections, improved reliability, shorter signal paths, superior signal-to-noise ratio and awesome sonic
performance.
◆ XCard (Internal Crossover)
The Power amplifiers utilize internal active crossovers. These crossovers have many performance advantages such as using
discrete components for exact frequency adjustments which are far superior to potentiometers. Additionally, the XCard can
be configured for high-pass, low-pass and full range operation. With slight modification, many crossover frequencies and
slope configurations can be achieved.
THE RESULT: Increased system design flexibility with a precise electronic crossover without the limitations of conventional
potentiometer designs.
◆ Stereo Pass-Thru
The Pass-Thru output provides a convenient source for daisy-chaining an additional amplifier without the need for extra RCA
cables or “Y” adapters. The original signal(s) fed into the input jack(s) are looped back to the Pass-Thru outputs allowing
less signal cable to be used. This results in cleaner system designs and reduces noise pick-up.
THE RESULT: Convenient signal level output for adding extra amplifiers.
– 3 –
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◆ Bass EQ
The Bass EQ helps correct for acoustical deficiencies in the listening environment. A unique potentiometer that controls bass
compensates for the lack of low frequencies present in most car environments. Unlike a conventional tone control, the Bass
EQ corrects for the specific problem of poor low bass response.
THE RESULT: Provides better low bass response.
◆ Balanced Line Inputs
Using the Balanced Line Inputs provides the last word in achiev-
Figure 2
Center
RCA Input
Differential
Input
able rejection of noise induced in the cable between the source
and the amplifier. The differential input circuitry (Figure 2) used
in the balanced input system rejects whatever signals are
common to both of the shielded, twisted-pair conductors. Bal-
anced line is universal in concert installations where the stage
and mixing consoles are hundreds of feet apart. Long signal
cables and electrically-noisy environments make signal integrity
and noise rejection an extremely difficult challenge.
Conductor
Outer
Shield
Differential inputs only amplify the difference between two conductors.
Note: the noise spikes appear on both the center conductor and the outer
shield and therefore are not amplified.
THE RESULT: Quiet transmission of audio from source to amplifier.
◆ NOMAD (NOn-Multiplying Advanced Decision)
The Power amplifiers use an analog computer process to absolutely maximize safe output power under all operating
conditions. The innovative NOMAD (NOn-Multiplying Advanced Decision) system is the most sophisticated version of this
technique ever used, bringing previously unavailable levels of accuracy, stability, temperature immunity and reliability to
this critical process. NOMAD makes advanced decisions based on device voltages to precisely control the awesome levels
of current available in the output MOSFETs to safe values – but only when absolutely needed.
THE RESULT: Extremely fast protection system that always protects the amplifier and never degrades the sound.
◆ MOSFET Devices (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)
RockfordFosgateisoneofthefewmanufacturersinanyofthesoundcommunitiestoutilizeMOSFETdevicesinboththepower
supply and the output stages. MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) devices offer several important
inherent advantages over the 30 year old technology of bi-polar design. These advantages include: thermal stability,
switching speed, ultra low output impedance and wider bandwidth linearity. In addition, MOSFET and vacuum tubes share
many important operating characteristics. However, the MOSFET device is much faster, wider in bandwidth, measurably
lower in distortion and far more linear than vacuum tubes.
THE RESULT: Operational characteristics of vacuum tubes without the performance limitations of tube design.
– 4 –
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D
E SI G N FE AT U R E S
1. Cast Aluminum Chrome Heatsink – The cast aluminum heatsink of the Punch Power amplifier dissipates heat
generated by the amplifier's circuitry. The inherent advantage of casting provides a 30% improvement of cooling over
conventional extrusion heatsink designs.
2. End Caps – The unique end caps conceal the wiring and input cables, giving the amplifier a clean “stealth” look.
3
13
8
6
7
12
3
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
Balanced
– 180°
Unbalanced
0
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged 180°- 0°
10
10
11
9
LED
REM
B+
GND
5
4
4
15
3. Speaker Terminals – The heavy duty, gold-plated terminal block connectors (+ and –) will accept wire sizes from
8 AWG to 18 AWG. These gold-plated connectors are immune to corrosion that can cause signal deterioration.
4. Power Terminals – The heavy duty, gold-plated power and ground connectors will accommodate 4 AWG wire for
maximum input current capability.
5. REM Terminal – This gold-plated spade terminal is used for the AP (auto power) or remote turn on of the amplifier.
6. RCA Input Jacks – The industry standard RCA jack provides an easy connection for signal level input. They are gold-
plated to resist the signal degradation caused by corrosion.
7. Balanced Line Input– This input will allow the Balanced Line Transmitter (BLT) or any balanced Rockford Fosgate
source unit/signal processor to be used in conjunction with the amplifier to provide better noise rejection.
8. Signal Input Switch – This switch allows selection of either the RCA or Balanced Line inputs.
9. RCA Pass-Thru Jacks – The Pass-Thru provides a convenient source for daisychaining an additional amplifier,
eliminating the need for “Y” adapters. The original signal(s) fed into input jack(s) are looped back to the Pass-Thru
output(s).
10. Input Sensitivity Controls – The input level controls are preset to match the output of most source units. They can
be adjusted to match output levels from a variety of source units.
– 5 –
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11. Bass EQ Control – The Bass EQ allows a narrow band adjustment of up to +18dB centered at 45Hz. The bass boost can
be bypassed by turning the control to its minimum or counterclockwise position.
12. E-Z Bridge Switch / 0°-180° Phase Switch – This dual purpose switch enables you to E-Z bridge the amplifier or invert
the signal phase of the right channel.
13. Phase Switch – This switch enables you to easily invert the phase of the left channel without having to disconnect the
speaker wires.
14. Internal Crossovers – These built-in crossover cards are configurable for a multitude of operating frequencies. The
orientation of the card in its socket determines its function of high-pass, low-pass or full range operation.
15. LED Power Indicator – The LED gives a visual indication of the status of the amplifier, lighting when the unit is turned on.
– 6 –
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I
N STALLATI O N
C
O N SI D ERATI O N S
Tools Needed
The following is a list of tools you will need for installing the Punch Power amplifier:
Allen wrenches 9/64" , 3/32" & 1/8" (included)
Wire strippers
Wire Cutters
Voltmeter
Battery post wrench
Wire crimpers
Assorted connectors
Electric hand drill and assorted bits
This section focuses on some of the vehicle considerations for installing your new Punch amplifier. Checking your battery
and present sound system, as well as pre-planning your system layout and best wiring routes will save installation time.
When deciding on the layout of your new system, be sure that each component will be easily accessible for making
adjustments.
Before beginning any installation, be sure to follow these simple rules:
1. Carefully read and understand the instructions before attempting to install the amplifier.
2. For safety, disconnect the negative lead from the battery prior to beginning the installation.
3. For easier assembly, we suggest you run all wires prior to mounting your amplifier in place.
4. Route all of the RCA cables close together and away from any high current wires.
5. Use high quality Connecting Punch accessories for a reliable installation and to minimize signal or power loss.
6. Think before you drill! Be careful not to cut or drill into gas tanks, fuel lines, brake or hydraulic lines, vacuum
lines or electrical wiring when working on any vehicle.
7. Never run wires underneath the vehicle. Running the wires inside the vehicle provides for best protection.
8. Avoid running wires over or through sharp edges. Use rubber or plastic grommets to protect any wires routed
through metal, especially the firewall.
9. ALWAYS protect the battery and electrical system from damage with proper fusing. Install a fuseholder and fuse
on the +12V power wire within 18" (45.7cm) of the battery terminal.
10. When grounding to the chassis of the vehicle, scrape all paint from the metal to ensure a good, clean ground
connection. Grounding connections should be as short as possible and always be connected to metal that is
welded to the main body, or chassis, of the vehicle.
– 7 –
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M
O UNTING LO CATIO N S
The mounting location and position of your amplifier will have a great effect on its ability to dissipate the heat generated
under normal operation. The design of our cast aluminum heatsink serves to easily dissipate the heat generated over a wide
range of operating conditions. However, to maximize the performance of your amplifier, care should be taken to ensure
adequate ventilation.
Trunk Mounting
Mounting the amplifier vertically on a surface with the fin grooves running up and down will provide the best cooling of the
amplifier.
Mounting the amplifier on the floor of the trunk will work but provides less cooling capability than vertical mounting.
Mounting the amplifier upside down to the rear deck of the trunk will not provide proper cooling and will severely affect the
performance of the amplifier and is strongly not recommended.
Passenger Compartment Mounting
Mounting the amplifier in the passenger compartment will work as long as you provide a sufficient amount of air for the
amplifier to cool itself. If you are going to mount the amplifier under the seat of the vehicle, you must have at least 1"
(2.54cm) of air gap around the amplifier's heatsink.
Mounting the amplifier with less than 1" (2.54cm) of air gap around the heatsink in the passenger compartment will not
provide proper cooling and will severely affect the performance of the amplifier and is strongly not recommended.
Engine Compartment Mounting
Rockford Fosgate amplifiers should never be mounted in the engine compartment. Not only will this void your warranty
but could create an embarrassing situation caused by the ridicule from your friends.
BATTERY AN D
C
H ARG IN G
Amplifiers will put an increased load on the vehicle's battery and charging system. We recommend checking your alternator
and battery condition to ensure that the electrical system has enough capacity to handle the increased load of your stereo
system.
NOTE: This amplifier utilizes a large array of power supply capacitance and can draw substantial current at turn-on.
The dashboard BATTERY VOLTAGE and/or ALTERNATOR CHARGE lamp may illuminate for a brief period while
momentarily recharging the capacitor bank. This may be most noticeable when the amplifier is off for at least a day
or two and is considered normal operation.
– 8 –
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W
I R I N G
T
H E SY S T E M
CAUTION: Avoid running power wires near the low level input cables, antenna, power leads, sensitive equipment or
harnesses. The power wires carry substantial current and could induce noise into the audio system.
1. Configure the internal XCard crossovers prior to installation. Refer to the XCard Configurations on pages 14 & 15 for
further information.
2. Plan the wire routing. Take care when running signal level RCA cables to keep them close together but isolated from
the amplifier's power cables and any high power auto accessories, especially electric motors. This is done to prevent
coupling the noise from radiated electrical fields into the audio signal. When feeding the wires through the firewall or
any metal barrier, protect them with plastic or rubber grommets to prevent short circuits. Leave the wires long at this
point to adjust for a precise fit at a later time.
3. Prepare the Power cable for attachment to the amplifier by stripping 5/8"
INSULATION
STRIP WIRE
>
>
of insulation from the end of the wire. The use of 4 gauge power cable can
interfere with the installation of the end caps. Proper wire dress can prevent
this from occurring. To prevent the wire from fraying, strip the insulation at
a 45° angle. Insert the bared wire into the B+ terminal with the long side
of the insulation on the top. Bend the cable down at a 90° angle. Tighten
the set screw to secure the cable in place. We recommend using 4 gauge
cables forpowerandforground. This willgive youthe bestperformance
possible.
<
>
5/8"
AMP
>
4. Strip 3/8" from the battery end of the power cable and crimp a large ring terminal to the cable. Use the ring terminal
to connect to the battery positive terminal. Do not install the fuse at this time.
5. Prepare a length of cable to be used for the ground connection. Strip 5/8" of insulation from the end of the cable as
described above and connect to the ground terminal of the amplifier. Prepare the chassis ground by scraping any paint
from the metal surface and thoroughly clean the area of all dirt and grease. Strip the other end of the cable and attach
a ring connector. Fasten the cable to the chassis using a non-anodized screw and a star washer.
6. Prepare the REM turn-on wire for connection to the amplifier by stripping 1/4" of insulation from the wire end and
crimping an insulated spade connector in place. Slide the connector over the REM terminal on the amplifier. Connect
the other end of the REM wire to a switched 12 volt positive source. The switched signal is usually taken from the source
unit's auto antenna or the accessory lead. If the source unit does not have these outputs available, the recommended
solution is to wire a mechanical switch in line with a 12 volt source to activate the amplifier.
7. Securely mount the amplifier (with supplied screws) to the vehicle or amp rack. Be careful not to mount the amplifier
on cardboard or plastic panels. Doing so may enable the screws to pull out from the panel due to road vibrations or
sudden vehicle stops.
8. Connect the source signal to the amplifier by plugging the RCA cables into the input jack(s) at the amplifier. If using
Balanced Line Inputs, refer to pages 19 & 20.
9. Connect the speakers. Strip the speaker wires 5/8" and insert into the appropriate terminal on the amplifier. Insert the
bared wire into the speaker terminal and tighten the set screw to secure into place. Be sure to maintain proper speaker
polarity. DO NOT chassis ground any of the speaker leads as unstable operation may result.
10. Perform a final check of the completed system wiring to ensure that all connections are accurate. Check all power and
ground connections for frayed wires and loose connections which could cause problems from road vibrations.
– 9 –
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11. After the final inspection is complete, install the power fuse and enjoy listening. During the initial listening period, you
may need to “fine tune” any phasing and level settings within your particular vehicle. To aid in this procedure, play a
track with high musical content and cruise around your neighborhood. After fully evaluating the transient response of
your system and making any final adjustments, all your neighbors within a 1 mile radius will assume that you have
just successfully completed another upgrade to your audio system for which they will probably spill thumbtacks on your
driveway.
NOTICE!
Amplifiers using the trans• nova topology improve in sound quality after
warming up. We recommend operating the amplifier for approximately 15
minutes prior to evaluation under judging criteria or tune-ups to establish its
normal operating temperature.
* Your friends will call it MAGIC, you can call it Rockford technology! *
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USING PASSIVE CROSSOVERS
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A passive crossover is a circuit that uses capacitors and/or coils and is placed on speaker leads between the amplifier and
speaker. The crossover delegates a specific range of frequencies to the speaker for optimum driver performance. A crossover
network can perform one of three functions: High-Pass (capacitors), Low-Pass (inductors or coils) and Bandpass
(combination of capacitor and coil).
The most commonly used passive crossover networks are 6dB/octave systems. These are easy to construct and require one
component per filter. Placing this filter in series with the circuit will reduce power to the speaker by 6dB/octave above or
below the crossover point depending on whether it is a high-pass or low-pass filter. More complex systems such as 12dB/
octave or 18dB/octave can cause impedance problems if not professionally designed.
Passive crossovers are directly dependent upon the speaker's impedance and component value for accuracy. When passive
crossover components are used in multiple speaker systems, the crossover's effect on the overall impedance should be taken
into consideration along with the speaker's impedance when determining amplifier loads.
– 10 –
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TABLE OF CROSSOVER COMPONENT VALUES
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L
C
6dB/Octave High-Pass
6dB/Octave Low-Pass
Freq.
Speaker Impedance
(Hertz)
2 OHMS
8 OHMS
4 OHMS
L
C
L
C
L
C
80
100
130
4.1mH
3.1mH
2.4mH
1000µF
800µF
600µF
8.2mH
6.2mH
4.7mH
500µF
400µF
300µF
16mH
12mH
10mH
250µF
200µF
150µF
200
260
400
1.6mH
1.2mH
.8mH
400µF
300µF
200µF
3.3mH
2.4mH
1.6mH
200µF
150µF
100µF
6.8mH
4.7mH
3.3mH
100µF
75µF
50µF
600
800
1000
.5mH
.41mH
.31mH
136µF
100µF
78µF
1.0mH
.82mH
.62mH
68µF
50µF
39µF
2.0mH
1.6mH
1.2mH
33µF
26µF
20µF
1200
1800
4000
.25mH
.16mH
.08mH
66µF
44µF
20µF
.51mH
.33mH
.16mH
33µF
22µF
10µF
1.0mH
.68mH
.33mH
16µF
10µF
5µF
6000
9000
12000
51µH
34µH
25µH
14µF
9.5µF
6.6µF
.10mH
68µH
51µH
6.8µF
4.7µF
3.3µF
.20mH
.15mH
100µH
3.3µF
2.2µF
1.6µF
6 dB/Octave High-Pass and Low-Pass Filters
L = Low-Pass (Inductor)
C = High-Pass (Capacitor)
For more information, see your Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer.
– 11 –
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U
SI N G T H E XCARD
The crossover functions are controlled through the use of an XCard and can be set for high-pass, low-pass or full range
operation. The XCard shipped with your amplifier is set for Full Range. Each crossover card has two faces: one face operates
Full Range, the other has arrows to indicate the edge for selecting HP (high-pass) or LP (low-pass) operation. Orient the
card with the desired operating edge, indicated by the arrow, toward the socket terminals inside the amplifier. Firmly, but
carefully, plug the card into the socket.
High-Pa ss
Low-Pa ss
Full Range
H P
LP
L P
HP
FULL ↕
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U ST O M I ZI N G T H E XCARD
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The crossover point can be altered by changing the 4 resistor values. Use the following formula to select the appropriate
resistor value to be placed on the XCard.
3386
1
The actual formula is: R =
= R (in kΩ) for .047µf cap
f
2πf c
o
o
Where: R = Ω
f = desired crossover frequency
7234
o
= R (in kΩ) for .022µf cap
c = capacitor in farads
f
o
-6
ex: .047 x 10 for .047µf cap
Crossover Card
HiPass
FULL
LoPass
Full Range
– 12 –
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XC ARD RESISTO R
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H ART
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Our tests have shown that using 0.047µf capacitors for frequencies below 100Hz, and 0.022µf capacitors for frequencies
above 100Hz, result in more linear crossover control. Refer to the Specifications page to determine the capacitor value
of each supplied XCard.
Butterworth Alignment Q = .707
Butterworth Alignment Q = .707
1% resistors used with 0.047µF capacitors
1% resistors used with 0.022µF capacitors
Frequency
20Hz
R1
R2
Frequency
20Hz
R1
R2
357kΩ
287kΩ
237kΩ
205kΩ
178kΩ
162kΩ
143kΩ
130kΩ
121kΩ
110kΩ
102kΩ
95.3kΩ
90.9kΩ
84.5kΩ
80.6kΩ
35.7kΩ
23.7kΩ
17.8kΩ
14.3kΩ
12.1kΩ
10.2kΩ
9.9kΩ
357kΩ
287kΩ
237kΩ
205kΩ
178kΩ
162kΩ
143kΩ
130kΩ
121kΩ
110kΩ
102kΩ
95.3kΩ
90.9kΩ
84.5kΩ
80.6kΩ
35.7kΩ
23.7kΩ
17.8kΩ
14.3kΩ
12.1kΩ
10.2kΩ
9.9kΩ
169kΩ
133kΩ
110kΩ
95.3kΩ
84.5kΩ
75kΩ
169kΩ
133kΩ
110kΩ
95.3kΩ
84.5kΩ
75kΩ
25Hz
25Hz
30Hz
30Hz
35Hz
35Hz
40Hz
45Hz
40Hz
45Hz
50Hz
50Hz
55Hz
60Hz
65Hz
70Hz
75Hz
80Hz
85Hz
90Hz
200Hz
300Hz
400Hz
500Hz
600Hz
700Hz
800Hz
900Hz
1.0kHz
1.2kHz
2kHz
68.1kΩ
61.9kΩ
56.2kΩ
52.3kΩ
48.7kΩ
45.3kΩ
42.2kΩ
40.2kΩ
37.4kΩ
16.9kΩ
11.3kΩ
8.45kΩ
6.65kΩ
5.62kΩ
4.75kΩ
4.22kΩ
3.74kΩ
3.40kΩ
2.80kΩ
1.69kΩ
1.10kΩ
845Ω
68.1kΩ
61.9kΩ
56.2kΩ
52.3kΩ
48.7kΩ
45.3kΩ
42.2kΩ
40.2kΩ
37.4kΩ
16.9kΩ
11.3kΩ
8.45kΩ
6.65kΩ
5.62kΩ
4.75kΩ
4.22kΩ
3.74kΩ
3.40kΩ
2.80kΩ
1.69kΩ
1.10kΩ
845Ω
55Hz
60Hz
65Hz
70Hz
75Hz
80Hz
85Hz
90Hz
200Hz
300Hz
400Hz
500Hz
600Hz
700Hz
800Hz
900Hz
1.0kHz
1.2kHz
2.0kHz
3.0kHz
4.0kHz
5.0kHz
6.0kHz
7.0kHz
8.0kHz
86kΩ
86kΩ
7.15kΩ
6.04kΩ
3.57kΩ
2.37kΩ
1.76kΩ
1.43kΩ
1.21kΩ
10.2kΩ
909Ω
7.15kΩ
6.04kΩ
3.57kΩ
2.37kΩ
1.76kΩ
1.43kΩ
1.21kΩ
10.2kΩ
909Ω
3kHz
4kHz
5kHz
665Ω
665Ω
6kHz
562Ω
562Ω
7kHz
487Ω
487Ω
8kHz
422Ω
422Ω
– 13 –
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XCARD
C
O NFIGURATIO NS
Bypassing the Crossover
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Balanced
Unbalanced
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0 – 180°
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
180°- 0°
20Hz-20kHz
Full Range
20Hz-20kHz
Full Range
•
•
XCard 1 inserted as Full Range
XCard 2 inserted as Full Range
Configuring a 12dB/octave Filter
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Balanced
Unbalanced
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0 – 180°
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged 180°- 0°
20Hz-80Hz
12dB/octave LP
20Hz-80Hz
12dB/octave LP
•
•
XCard 1 inserted as Full Range
XCard 2 inserted as HP or LP
– 14 –
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Configuring a 24dB/octave Filter
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Balanced
Unbalanced
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0 – 180°
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged 180°- 0°
20Hz-80Hz
24dB/octave LP
20Hz-80Hz
24dB/octave LP
•
XCards 1 & 2 inserted identically as HP or LP
NOTE: Both XCards must be customized to the same frequency for proper 24dB/octave operation.
Configuring a 12dB/octave Bandpass Filter
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Balanced
Unbalanced
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0 – 180°
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
180°- 0°
80Hz-400Hz
12dB/octave Bandpass
80Hz-400Hz
12dB/octave Bandpass
•
•
XCard 1 inserted as HP
XCard 2 inserted as LP
NOTE: The amplifier is shipped with 80Hz XCards.x2 At least one of the XCards must be customized to enable proper
bandpass operation. Refer to “Using the XCard” on page 12 for more information or contact your local Authorized
Rockford Fosgate Dealer for customized XCards.
– 15 –
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I
®
N
S
T
A
L
L
A
T
I
INSTALLATION
O
N
Power Connections
LED
REM
B+
GND
Connect to remote
turn-on lead of
source unit.
Connect to chassis
ground of vehicle*
Less than 18"
(45cm)
+
–
Connect to B+ of battery with a
100 amp or (2) 50 amp fuses
NOTE: We recommend using 4 gauge cables
for power and for ground. This will give you
the best performance possible.
*Keep wire as short as possible.
– 16 –
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I
®
N
S
T
A
L
L
A
T
I
Stereo Operation
RCA
O
N
Input
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
Unbalanced
180°- 0°
–
–
2Ω Min.
2Ω Min.
+
+
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RCA inputs are connected to both left and right channels
Signal Input Switch selected to Unbalanced for RCA input
Left Phase Switch set to 0°
Right Phase Switch set to 0°
Gain for left and right channels operate independently
Impedance for each channel should be 2Ω minimum
XCard can be High-Pass, Low-Pass or Full Range position
Stereo/Mono Operation
RCA
Input
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
Unbalanced
180°- 0°
–
+
2Ω min.
2Ω min.
+
–
–
+
Speaker
Terminal
Speaker
Terminal
+
–
4Ω min.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RCA inputs are connected to both left and right channels
Signal Input Switch selected to Unbalanced for RCA input
Left Phase Switch set to 0°
Right Phase Switch set to 180° for stereo/mono operation
All speaker polarity on right channel is inverted to correct for signal phase
Gain for left and right channels set equally to balance the subwoofer
Impedance for each channel should be 2Ω minimum
Impedance for bridged channel should be 4Ω minimum
XCard is in Full Range position
Passive crossovers are needed for proper stereo/mono operation
– 17 –
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I
®
®
N
S
RCA
Input
T
A
L
L
A
T
I
Bridged Operation
O
N
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Unbalanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
180°- 0°
+
–
Speaker
Terminal
Speaker
Terminal
+
–
4Ω min.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RCA inputs are connected to both left and right channels
Signal Input Switch selected to Unbalanced for RCA input
Left Phase Switch set to 0°
Right Phase Switch set to 180°
Inverting the right signal will allow the bridged woofer to operate correctly
Gain for left and right channels set equally to balance the subwoofer
Impedance for bridged channel should be 4Ω minimum
XCard is in High-Pass, Low-Pass or Full Range position
EZ-Bridged Operation
Mono
Input
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Unbalanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
180°- 0°
+
–
Speaker
Terminal
Speaker
Terminal
+
–
4Ω min.
•
•
•
•
RCA input is connected to L (Mono) input
Signal Input Switch to Unbalanced for RCA input
Left Phase Switch at 0°
Right Phase Switch set to E-Z Bridge for the following to occur:
L (Mono) RCA input to drive both the left and right channels
Left Gain will control both the left and right channels
Right Phase will be inverted 180° which will allow the bridged woofer to operate
correctly
•
•
Impedance for bridged channel should be 4Ω minimum
XCard is in the High-Pass, Low-Pass or Full Range position
– 18 –
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U
SING THE BALANCED LINE
I
NPUT
The Balanced Line Inputs can be utilized with the optional Balanced Line Transmitter. Unlike standard RCA cables that use
two wires to carry the audio signal and ground, balanced lines use three. In a balanced line, the output signal and its inverted
replica travel down a pair of wires where the ground connects via the shield. As the amplifier receives the signals, it cancels
out whatever signals are common to both wires. The use of balanced lines helps in preventing radiated noise pickup in the
signal cables and has been proven effective in studio installation where long cable runs and magnetic fields make
maintaining signal integrity difficult.
Connecting the BLT
®
®
BALANCED LINE TRANSM ITTER
+18V
–18V
– R. SIG
+ R. SIG
– L. SIG
+ L. SIG
BALANCED LINE
OUTPUT
INPUT
LED
L
R
SHIELD
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Unbalanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged 180°- 0°
•
•
Signal Input Switch to Balanced for Balanced Line Input
Gain for Left and Right channels set to minimum
CAUTION!! You must turn the gain controls to minimum when using the Balanced Line Transmitter. If the input gains
need to be adjusted, this can now be done in the Balanced Line Transmitter.
– 19 –
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a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
O
p
e
r
Level Setting the BLT
a
t
i
o
n
R
AUD
SEL
CLOCK
DSPL
AUTO
IL
L
UM
DISC
AMFM
Ch
P.SCN
LOUD
ST LD RDM RPT
TUNE
PWR
VOL
D.SCN
SCAN
2
RPT
3
RDM
4
DIM
5
PAUSE
6
1
®
1kHz Test Tone @ “0dB”
10.3
VAC
®
®
BALANCED LINE TRANSM ITTER
L
R
L
+
–
R
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Disconnect Speaker(s) from the amplifier
CD Software used to set levels is a test tone of 1kHz at “0dB” or “All Bits High”
Source Unit set to 3/4 volume (or maximum unclipped output)
Remove BLT Cover to access test pads and gain pots
AC Voltmeter set to AC Volts
AC Voltmeter “–” connected to RCA shield of BLT
AC Voltmeter “+” connected to test pad inside the BLT
Adjust BLT Gain from 3.25 VRMS min. to 10.3 VRMS max per test pad (see chart below)
Be sure the time index reads greater than 30 seconds on source unit.
Gain Overlap
+0dB*
BLT Output (AC Volts)
3.25 VRMS
Performance Characteristics
Best S/N Ratio, Reduced SPL
+5dB
5.8 VRMS
Good S/N Ratio & SPL
+10dB
10.3 VRMS
Best Compromise between S/N Ratio & SPL
*Absence of gain overlap will reduce SPL and may not permit amplifier to reach full output power due to various CD
software.
– 20 –
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ROCKFORD FOSGATE ACCESSORIES
Balanced Line Transmitter (FG-BLT)
®
The Balanced Line Transmitter converts unbalanced (RCA) signals from the source unit to balanced signals. The
BLT improves sound quality in the system by eliminating noises generated by vehicle electrical systems. The BLT
is available for Rockford Fosgate products that offer a balanced input.
R
AUD
SEL
CLOCK
DSPL
AUT
O
IL
L
UM
DISC
AMFM
Ch
P.SCN
RPT
3
LOUD
ST LD RDM RPT
TUNE
PWR
VOL
D.SCN
SCAN
2
RDM
4
DIM
5
PAUSE
6
1
®
®
®
®
BALANCED LINE TRANSM ITTER
NOISE
BALANCED LINE
OUTPUT
INPUT
LED
L
R
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
–
180°
Balanced
Unbalanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
180°-
0°
ATTENTION: We recommend your Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer install your new accessory.
– 21 –
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Energy Storage Capacitors
®
Energy Storage Capacitors are used to provide extra current needed by amplifiers to reproduce musical transients.
The capacitors also have the natural ability to filter AC ripple caused by the alternator, reducing the chance of noise
in the system. The capacitors are available in a variety of values and will maximize both the sound quality and
performance that Rockford Fosgate amplifiers can deliver.
LED
REM
B+
GND
Battery +
®
®
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i n
g
®
1.0
punch
1 farad • 20 VDC • 95°C
• Recommended capacitance is 1 farad per 1000 watts
XCard Crossovers
®
Additional crossover card frequencies are available for specialized requirements. You can get the following XCards
from your Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer.
XM50
XM70
XM80
=
=
=
50Hz
70Hz
80Hz
XM200 = 200Hz
XM275 = 275Hz
XM400 = 400Hz
XM4.5k = 4,500Hz
XM6.5k = 6,500Hz
XM100 = 100Hz
XM150 = 150Hz
XM00
= Blank card for
custom crossover
Crossover Card
HiPass
LoPass
FulRange
FULL
ATTENTION: We recommend your Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer install your new accessory.
– 22 –
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TROUBLE-
S
H
O
O
T
I
T
R O U BL E SH O O T I N G
N
G
Symptom
Diagnosis
Remedy
Amplifier does not turn on.
(Power LED is off)
Voltage applied to the REM terminal of the
amplifier is not between 10.5 and 15.5
volts or there is no voltage present.
Check the alternator, battery, fuse, and
wiring and repair as necessary. If the volt-
age is above 15.5 volts, have the electrical
system inspected by an authorized car
service center.
Voltage to the B+ terminal of the amplifier
is not between 10.5 and 15.5 volts or there
is no voltage present.
Check the alternator, battery, fuse, and
wiring and repair as necessary. If the volt-
age is above 15.5 volts, have the electrical
system inspected by an authorized car
service center.
Amplifier is not properly grounded.
Check wiring and repair as necessary.
RCA Input from source unit is not connected
or not functioning properly.
Check connections, substitute with known
working source and cables and repair or
replace as necessary.
Amplifier has no sound.
(Power LED is on)
When using the BLT, Balanced Line Input
from BLT is not connected or not function-
ing properly.
Check connections, substitute with known
working BLT and cables and repair or
replace as necessary.
Unbalanced/Balanced Line switch is not
selected for corresponding input.
Check switch position and correct as neces-
sary.
Amplifier is in E-Z Bridge operation but
incorrect signal input, speaker wiring, and/
or left channel 180° phase selection is
chosen.
Checksignal, speakerwiring, andleftchan-
nel phase selection installation and correct
as needed.
XCards are missing or not placed properly
in crossover slots.
CheckXCardpositionsandrepairorreplace
as necessary.
Speaker leads are shorted to each other or
to the chassis of the vehicle.
Disconnect existing speakers and test with
known working speakers and wires. If am-
plifier plays, check and repair wiring and
installation of speakers as necessary.
Speakers are defective.
Disconnect existing speakers and test with
known working speakers. If amplifier plays,
check and repair speakers as necessary.
– 23 –
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TROUBLE-
S
H
O
O
T
I
Symptom
Diagnosis
Remedy
N
G
Speaker Output Low
or Distorted
Input gain(s) for amplifier incorrectly set.
Readjust input gains of amplifier.
Source unit output too low or source unit
has no output.
Check system with known working source
and repair or replace original source as
needed.
Phase selection of amplifier incorrectly se-
lected or speakers wired out of polarity from
the left to right channel.
Check speaker polarity and phase switch
position and correct as needed.
XCards are missing or not placed properly
in crossover slots.
CheckXCardpositionsandrepairorreplace
as necessary.
Low battery voltage or large voltage drops
to the amplifier under load.
Check the alternator, battery, fuse or circuit
breaker and power and ground wiring and
repair as necessary.
Voltage spike from output of preceding
component is entering amplifier through
input signal.
Disconnect input signal to amplifier and
turn amplifier on and off. If noise is elimi-
nated, connect REM lead of amplifier to
source unit with a delay turn-on module.
Amplifier Noise
(Turn-on Pop)
Voltage spike from remote turn-on lead is
entering through REM input terminal.
Use different 12 volt source for REM lead of
amplifier (i.e., battery direct). If noise is
eliminated, use relay to isolate amplifier
from noise turn-on output.
RCA Input from source unit is not connected
or not functioning properly.
Check connections, substitute with known
working source and cables and repair or
replace as necessary.
No output from Pass-Thru
output of amplifier.
When using the BLT, Balanced Line Input
from BLT is not connected or not function-
ing properly.
Check connections, substitute with known
working BLT and cables and repair or
replace as necessary.
Unbalanced/Balanced Line switch is not
selected for corresponding input.
Check switch position and correct as neces-
sary.
RCA cables or amplifier connected to Pass-
Thru output is defective.
Check connections, substitute with known
working cables or amplifier and repair or
replace as necessary.
• If noise persists, see your local Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer.
– 24 –
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AUTOSOUND 2000's
QUICK CHECK FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
CAR AUDIO SYSTEMS
Preface:
All audio systems exhibit noise; however, if the level of noise is low enough, and the signal level high enough, noise should not be
a problem. This means that it is very important that the signal level throughout the system be optimized BEFORE dealing with your
noise problem. Using a scope (or a small portable amplifier) and Track 99 (1kHz at all high bits) of Rockford Fosgate CD RF-
CD101 (Autosound 2000's CD #101) or Tracks 24 through 29 of Rockford Fosgate CD RF-CD102 (Autosound 2000's CD #102),
adjust the system so that when the maximum usable signal level of the deck is fed into the system, all the preamp level components
clip at the same time. However, we recommend up to as much as a 3:1 voltage overlap with the power amplifiers; i.e. an amplifier
with a 2 volt minimum sensitivity can be driven by up to 6 volts of signal.
Noise Overview:
Car audio electrical accessories are notorious for interfering with car audio systems. The interference commonly arises from three
areas:
1) Power line noise (5%), which can be attenuated with in-line noise filters,
2) Inadequate power supply isolation (45%), which can be cured with transformer signal coupling, additional isolated power
supplies, or changing out components, or
3) Inductive interference (45%) – including loop area inductive noise picked up by the signal cables – which can be remedied by
relocating or rewiring components, rerouting signal cables, or using twisted cable or balanced transmission systems.
Autosound 2000 1-2-3 Method of Logical Troubleshooting
I. MUTE THE AMP(S). Insert a muting plug (shorted male RCA connector) into each amplifier channel. Turn up the amp
sensitivity. Start the car and turn on the headlights, air conditioning, brake lights, etc. Listen for noise in each speaker. Be very
picky here!
A. If still noisy, substitute a small test speaker with short leads for the speakers, crossovers, and speaker leads in the car. If still
noisy, substitute an isolated power supply (120 VAC to 13.8 VDC bench supply or a small motorcycle battery) for the car's
alternator. If the amplifier is noisy with the test speaker, you have a BAD amp. Send it in. It really doesn't matter if it is quiet
or noisy while running on the isolated supply because you have a BAD amp. Send it in for repair and if it was quiet on the
isolated supply, indicate so on the repair tag.
B. If your muted amp is quiet, you've just joined 99.5% of car audio. Amps are usually very clean and do NOT pick up
unwanted noise! Continue on to Step II.
II. DECK TO AMP. Using a new set of signal cables, connect one channel from the output of the deck directly into one channel of
your clean amp. Run the cables outside the car and as far away as possible from the metal of the car. (For noise purposes,
consider a 2" thick cushion of electromagnetic energy emanating from every metal surface in the car.)
A. If still noisy, congratulations, in all probability your equalizer, electronic crossover, DSP, whatchamacallit, are just fine. This
means that you can't get your deck playing quiet with your amp, right? Go to Step III.
B. If all is quiet, congratulations, in all probability your deck and amplifier(s) are fine – you obviously have a problem with
your equalizer, electronic crossover, DSP, etc. Skip on down to “Time for the Processors.”
– 25 –
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III. MOVE THE DECK. If you're at this step, it's time to turn your system into an “amplified deck” by temporarily relocating the deck
right ON TOP of the clean amplifier. Then using very, very short signal cables, connect the output of the deck into the input of
the amp and test for noise. Play a zero bit track – silence – and make sure all is completely quiet.
A. If still noisy, you're in a heap of trouble. We suggest that you try another deck and give us a call so that we can put your
name into the record books. It's a bad car audio day for you.
B. If the deck is quiet, then congratulations, you're on your way to a successful installation. It is now time to slowly, methodi-
cally, reinstall the deck back into its final position. Test for noise each step of the way. If the noise returns, suspect the signal
cables. Forget shielding because it will have only a very, minimal effect within the audio band. We highly suggest using
twisted pair cables or a balanced transmission system for cable induced noise.
Time for Processors:
By the end of Step III, you should have the deck playing quietly with the amp, with the quiet cables quietly routed. So it's time to add
the signal processors – one at a time – back into the system. Simply repeat Steps II and III with the equalizer, then the electronic
crossover, etc. However, before MOVING THE SIGNAL PROCESSORS to the amplifier, we highly suggest that you power the noisy
process from an isolated power supply rather than the car's +12 volts DC and chassis ground. Make sure to also connect the turn-
on lead to the isolated power supply. If the processor is now quiet, then it is highly probable that the component has inadequate
isolation. Solutions include changing components or permanently adding an external isolated power supply (Call Autosound 2000
at 209-465-3450 for info on isolated power supplies).
Summation:
During the design stage of your vehicles, try to avoid using extra batteries and high output alternators. Extra batteries are nothing but
loads as soon as the engine is started and high output alternators usually make more noise than stock alternators. Also, extra
batteries installed in the trunk of a car will ALWAYS force extra ripple current to flow over the car.
Install Stiffening Capacitors® as close to the power supply input of your amplifier as possible. The big caps will feed the switching
power supplies of your amps and minimize the inductive losses in your power wiring. Plus, they will help your peak system
response.
In problem cases, we highly recommend the use of twisted pair cable rather than coaxial cable for RCA leads. This practice will
greatly minimize cable induced noise – especially in four channel amps!
Don't forget that your system is only as good as its worst component. Do NOT use components with inadequate power supply
isolation or you will be asking for problems.
The best electrical ground on a car is the CHASSIS of the car. Do NOT run ground leads up to the case of the alternator or the negative
battery post. Keep ALL ground leads as short as possible.
With properly isolated components, it does NOT matter where the component is grounded. We're sorry to say that with inadequately
isolated components, it matters! With poorly isolated components, different grounds can cause different noises.
The deck is the signal reference ground for the entire sound system. The deck usually has THREE connections to the car's chassis:
The black ground lead, the base of the antenna, and the metal-to-metal bond between the case of the deck and the chassis of the
car. With three grounds, there is usually NO cause to worry about the ground of a deck.
Amplifiers are usually designed with adequate power supply isolation. This means that it should not matter where a deck is
grounded. (Decks are grounded three times and amps float. This is car audio!)
The more components installed on a signal path, the more chances for noise to enter a system. The more electrical accessories on
a car, the more noise will be produced by the alternator.
This information was compiled from more than 20 years of working in car audio. If you would like more information on this topic,
or any other technical aspects of car audio, please call 800-548-8200 and ask for a subscription to Autosound 2000 Tech Briefs
— the monthly magazine for the technically inclined.
– 26 –
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D
YN AM I C
P
O W E R
M
E ASU R E M E N T S
About the Dynamic Power Measurements
The Audio Graph PowerCube is a test instrument used to measure the output of an amplifier in accordance with IHF-202 industry
standards. The IHF-202 standard is a dynamic power measurement and was developed as a means of measuring power in a
manner that best represents the Real World operation of an amplifier. Many manufacturers, including Rockford Fosgate, at times
will measure amplifier power into a fixed resistor (4 ohm, 2 ohm). While this method is useful in some types of evaluation and
testing, it is not representative of an amplifier that is connected to a speaker and playing music.
Music
Music is dynamic; the sound waves are complex and constantly changing. In order to simulate this, the IHF-202 standard calls
for the input signal to the amplifier to be a 1kHz bursted tone. This signal is input (on for 20 milliseconds) and reduced 20dB
for 480 milliseconds. The signal is gradually increased in level until the amplifier's output exceeds 1% Total Harmonic Distortion
(THD). At 1% distortion becomes audible, therefore, any power produced above that level is considered unusable. Many
manufacturers represent their amplifiers' output power in excess of 10% distortion. They use many names for this measurement,
such as Total Maximum Power or Maximum Output Power. This is not indicative of the actual usable output power.
Listening to Loudspeakers - Not Resistors
A loudspeaker is not a resistor. A resistor's value (resistance measured in ohms) is fixed. A loudspeaker's impedance is dynamic.
Itisconstantlychanginginvalue, dependentuponthefrequencyoftheinputsignal. Therefore, measuringpowerwiththeamplifier
loaded into a 4 ohm resistor is not the same as measuring power with the amplifier connected to a 4 ohm speaker. Most people
do not listen to music through a resistor.
A 4 ohm speaker may experience a drop in impedance 4-6 times lower than its nominal (printed) impedance. A speaker will also
create phase shifts in the signal that is passed through it. These phase shifts happen because a speaker is an inductor (voicecoil)
and a capacitor (compliance of the surround/spider), as well as a resistor (voice coil wire).
To simulate a speaker the Audio Graph PowerCube measures output power into 20 different loads. It tests at 8 ohms, 4 ohms,
2 ohms and 1 ohm. Each of these impedances is also tested at –60°, –30°, 0°, +30° and +60° phase angles. These different
impedances and phase angles represent the shifts in impedance and phase that can occur in a typical loudspeaker.
Information Cubed
The data acquired in the testing procedure is then graphed in the form of a 3-dimensional cube, hence the name PowerCube.
ThePhaseAngleisexpressedonthehorizontalaxis,
the Output Voltage is presented on the vertical axis
and the Impedance is displayed on the Z axis.
Output Power, in watts, is listed on the left hand side
for each impedance at each phase angle.
Audio Graph – The PowerCube™
MODEL BEING
TESTED
VOLTAGE FROM
BATTERY
x2 = STEREO
MONO = BRIDGED MONO
Amplifier: PUNCH 200.2 14.4V x 2
Serial No:
Rated Power : 100 W @ 4 Ohms
What is an Amplifier?
Owner
:
ROCKFORD CORPORATION
An amplifier by definition is a voltage generating
device, recreating the signal which is input to it
identically but with increased volume. It will be
connected to a reactive load (the speaker). The
impedance of this load and phase of the signal
passing through the load will vary, dependent upon
the frequency of the input signal (music).
8Ω –60° 85
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
*
–30° 84
0° 84
POWER
IN
50V
30V
30° 84
60° 86
WATTS
{
4Ω –60° 162
*
–30° 157
0° 156
30° 157
60° 162
10V
2Ω –60° 273
*
–30° 258
0° 251
8Ω
4Ω
30° 256
60° 271
2Ω
–60° (Cap)
Therefore, a perfect amplifier will be able to main-
tain the same output voltage regardless of load
characteristics and will not alter the signal it is
reproducing. A perfect amplifier when measured by
the Audio Graph PowerCube would present data
that forms a perfect cube. Unfortunately, amplifiers
0°
1Ω
1Ω –60° 390
*
{
(Ind) +60°
{
–30° 356
0° 346
Impedance
PHASE ANGLES
30° 352
60° 390
• Example of a Punch 200.2 PowerCube
are not perfect. The laws of physics generally prevent it. A great amplifier is about the best one can hope to attain.
As you can see by the PowerCube and as you will experience by listening, your Punch amplifier is a GREAT AMPLIFIER!
– 27 –
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500.2 SP EC I FI C AT I O N S
Dynamic Power Rating (IHF-202 Standard) - Measured at 14.4V
Per channel into a 4Ω load
450 Watts
730 Watts
1460 Watts*
Per channel into a 2Ω load
Bridged into a 4Ω load
Continuous Power Rating (Competition Standard) - Measured at 13.8 Battery Volts
RMS continuous power per channel, both channels driven
into a 4Ω load from 20 to 20,000Hz with less than
0.05% THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)
250 Watts
500 Watts
RMS continuous power per channel, both channels driven
into a 2Ω load from 20-20,000Hz, with less than 0.10% THD
RMS continuous power mono, into 4Ω load
from 20-20,000Hz, with less than 0.10% THD
1000 Watts
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR):
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:
Typically 40dB
>100dB (A-weighted)
20Hz-20,000Hz ±0.5dB
10Hz–250kHz ±3dB
>200
Frequency Response:
Bandwidth:
Damping Factor @ 4Ω (at output connector):
Slew Rate:
50V µs
IM Distortion (IHF):
<0.05%
Input Impedance:
20k Ohms
Source Unit Compatibility (+15dB gain overlap):
Input Sensitivity (+0dB gain overlap):
Pass-Thru Output:
34V max.
Variable from 350mV to 6V
Unity Gain
B+ Fuse Size: (External to amplifier)
Fuse Type:
100 Amp or two 50 Amp
(1) ANL / (2) AGU
12dB or 24dB/octave Butterworth
80Hz (0.047µf)
Full Range
Crossover Slope:
Factory Crossover Frequency:
Factory Default Crossover Setting:
Dimensions: (including end caps)
9-5/8"W x 18-9/32"L x 2-5/8"H
(24.4cm) x (46.43cm) x (6.6cm)
*This is the calculated Dynamic Power Rating. Actual output power exceeded the input capability of the PowerCube.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
– 28 –
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LIMITED
W
ARRAN T Y
I
N FO RM AT I O N
Rockford Corporation offers a limited warranty on Rockford Fosgate products on the following terms:
•
Length of Warranty
3 years on electronics
2 years on source units
90 days on electronic B-stock (receipt required)
30 days on speaker B-stock (receipt required)
•
What is Covered
This warranty applies only to Rockford Fosgate products sold to consumers by Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealers in the United
States of America or its possessions. Product purchased by consumers from an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer in another
country are covered only by that country’s Distributor and not by Rockford Corporation.
•
Who is Covered
This warranty covers only the original purchaser of Rockford product purchased from an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer in
the United States. In order to receive service, the purchaser must provide Rockford with a copy of the receipt stating the customer
name, dealer name, product purchased and date of purchase.
•
•
Products found to be defective during the warranty period will be repaired or replaced (with a product deemed to be equivalent)
at Rockford's discretion.
What is Not Covered
1. Damage caused by accident, abuse, improper operations, water, theft
2. Any cost or expense related to the removal or reinstallation of product
3. Service performed by anyone other than Rockford or an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Service Center
4. Any product which has had the serial number defaced, altered, or removed
5. Subsequent damage to other components
6. Any product purchased outside the U.S.
7. Any product not purchased from an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer
•
•
Limit on Implied Warranties
Any implied warranties including warranties of fitness for use and merchantability are limited in duration to the period of the express
warranty set forth above. Some states do not allow limitations on the length of an implied warranty, so this limitation may not
apply. No person is authorized to assume for Rockford Fosgate any other liability in connection with the sale of the product.
How to Obtain Service
Please call 1-800-669-9899 for Rockford Customer Service. You must obtain an RA# (Return Authorization number) to return
any product to Rockford Fosgate. You are responsible for shipment of product to Rockford.
Ship to: Speakers
Ship to: Electronics
Rockford Corporation
Warranty Repair Department
2055 E. 5th Street
Rockford Acoustic Design
(Receiving-speakers)
609 Myrtle N.W.
Grand Rapids, MI 49504
RA#:_________________
Tempe, AZ 85281
RA#:_________________
– 29 –
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LEA DETENIDAMENTE LAS SIGUIENTES INSTRUCCIONES DE INSTALACIÓN DEL PRODUCTO. EVITARA POSIBLES DAÑOS
A VD., AL VEHÍCULO O AL PRODUCTO.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Los amplificadores de Punch Power representan lo ultimo y mejor que Rockford Fosgate puede ofrecerle. Muchas soluciones
que nuestros ingenieros han inventado serian consideradas absolutamente desproporcionadas por nuestra competencia.
NO EN ROCKFORD FOSGATE! Trans•nova, DIAMOND y TOPAZ diseños exclusivos de Rockford Fosgate, son solo algunas
de las mas sobresalientes innovaciones que describimos con mas detalle en el capitulo de Caracteristicas Técnicas de Diseño
en este mismo manual.
UBICACIÓN DE LOS AMPLIFICADORES
Maletero
Monte el amplificador vertical con las altas de refrigeración de arriba a abajo. Es el método correcto para asegurarse la
máxima disipación de calor.
Habitáculo
El amplificador montado en el habitáculo funcionara bien en la medida en que se le proporcione ventilación suficiente para
refrigerarse. Si piensa en montarlo debajo de un asiento deberá dejar como minimo un espacio de 3cm alrededor del
refrigerador.
Instalación
• Por seguridad desconecte el cable de masa de la bateria antes de empezar la instalación.
Terminal B+
El cable de alimentación deberá tener un fusible como máximo a 30cm de la bateria. Prepare los terminales del cable e
instale el portafusibles en el vano motor (si la bateria estuviera alli ubicada). Recuerde que toda la instalación debe ser
impermeable.
Terminal GND (Masa o negativo)
Prepare untrozo de cable para usarlo como toma de masa. Prepare el chasisrascando toda la pintura y suciedad que pudiera
haber hasta dejar la chapa viva. Conecte el chasis a masa con un tornillo.
Terminal REM (Remoto)
Conecte el terminal REM a un punto de 12V con interruptor. Normalmente se usa la salida Remote o de alimentación de
antena del Radio Cassette. Si el Radio Cassette no la tuviera o no estuviera disponible se recomienda tomar de la caja de
fusibles 12V y colocar un interruptor para asi activar el amplificador.
– 31 –
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Operación mono/estéreo
RCA
Input
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
Unbalanced
180°- 0°
–
+
–
2Ω min.
2Ω min.
+
–
+
Speaker
Terminal
Speaker
Terminal
+
–
4Ω min.
• Los conectores de entrada RCA se conectan a ambos canales derecho e
izquierdo
• El conmutador de señal de entrada se colocara en Unbalanced para las
entradas RCA
• El conmutador de fase del canal izquierdo estará en 0 grados
• El conmutador de fase del canal derecho estará en 180 grados cuando se
requiera operación mono/estéro
• La ganancia de los dos canales derecho e izquierdo deberán ser exactamente
iguales para balancear correctamente el subgrave
• La impedancia minima para cada canal es de 2 Ω
• La impedancia minima cuando se trabaje en puente será de 4Ω
• Deberá seleccionarse una XCard (tarjeta del divisor de frecuencias) de banda
completa
• Passive crossovers are needed for proper stereo/mono operation
– 32 –
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ATTENTION: Veuillez lire les instructions suivants pour l'nstallation de ce produit. Ne pas les suivre pourrait causer des
blessures ou endommager le véhicule.
INTRODUCTION
La série d'amplificateurs Punch Power est la vitrine technologique de Rockford Fosgate. Nos ingénieurs utilisent ici des
technologies considérées hors d'atteinte par d'autres fabricants. Trans•nova, DIAMOND et TOPAZ, exclusivement conçues
par Rockford Fosgate, ne sont qu'une partie des technologies spécifiques décrites dans la section “Technical Design Features”
de ce manuel.
MONTAGE
Montage dans le coffre
Monter l'ampificateur verticalement avec les rainures de haut en bas ce qui lui permet de refroidir plus facilement.
Montage dans l'habitacle
Monter l'ampificateur dans l'habitacle ne pose aucun problème, du moment qu'il y ait assez d'air pour le refroidir. Si vous
montez l'ampli en dessous de siège, prévoyez 3cm d'air autour du radiateur.
Installation
Pour votre sécurité, déconnectez la borne négative de la batterie du véhicule avant de commencer l'installation.
Terminal B+
Il est impératif qu'il y ait un fusible sur le câble d'alimentation positif le plus près possible de la borne (maximum 30cm).
Préparez les extrémités du câble et installez le porte fusible sous le capot. Les connexions doivent être étanches.
Terminal GND
Préparez une longueur de câble pour la connexion à la masse. Préparez le châssis en grattant la peinture de la surface
métallique et nettoyez la saleté et l'huile. Attachez le câble au châssis avec une vis.
Terminal REM
Connectez le fill REM à une commande 12 volts positive de la source. La commande 12 volts est habituellement prise sur
la sortie antenne électrique de la source ou la commande accessoire. Si la source ne dispose pas de ces sorties, nous vous
recommandons d'installer un interrupteur qui fournira un positif 12 volts au REM de l'ampificateur.
– 33 –
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Opération stéréo/mono (Tri-mode)
RCA
Input
L
(Mono)
R
R
R
L
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
Unbalanced
180°- 0°
–
+
–
2Ω min.
2Ω min.
+
–
+
Speaker
Terminal
Speaker
Terminal
+
–
4Ω min.
• Les entrées RCA sont connectées aux canaux gauche et droit
• L'interrupteur “Signal Input” doit se trouver dans la position “Unbalanced” pour
utiliser l'entrée RCA
• L'interrupteur “Left Phase” doit se trouver dans la position “0°”
• L'interrupteur “Right Phase” doit se trouver dans la position “180°” pour opera-
tion en tri-mode
• Les gains des canaux gauche et droit sont réglés de la même manière pour
équilibrer le subwoofer
• L'impédance de chaque canal devrait être de minimum 2Ω
• L'impédance du canal mono devrait être de minimum 4Ω
• Les XCards sont introduites sur fall range
• Il est conseillé d'utiliser les filtre passifs lorsqu'on fait fonctionner l'amplificateur en
tri-mode
• NE connecter AUCUN des câbles HP à la masse au risque d'un fonctionnement
instable.
• Les filtres passifs sont nécessaires pour une utilisation correcte stereo/mono
– 34 –
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Bitte lesen Sie diese Gebrauchsanleitung zuerst sorgfältig durch. Das kann Sie vor dem falschen Einsatz, Ausfallen oder sogar
Beschädigung des Produktes oder Ihres Fahrzeuges schützen.
EINLEITUNG
Die Punch Power Verstärker repräsentiert das Beste, was Rockford Fosgate anzubiete hat! Unsere Ingenieure haben in diesen
Verstärkern technische Features realisiert, die in der gesamten Auto HiFi-Industrie, einzigartig sind. Trans•nova, DIABLO und
TOPAZ exklusive entwickelt von Rockford. Nähere Informationen hierüber und weitere Beschreibungen finden sie in dieser
Gebrauchsanweisung unter Technical Design Features.
EINBAUORT
Im Fahrzeugkofferraum
Der vertikale Einbau der Endstufen, das bedeutet, dab die Kühlrippen von oben nach unten verlaufen, gibt dem Verstärker
die beste Kühlung.
Auf der Beifahrerseite
Sollte der Verstärker auf der Beifahrerseite montiert werden, so ist es sehr wichtig, für eine ausreichende Kühlung zu sorgen.
Sollte der Verstärker z.B. unter dem Beifahrersitz montiert werden, sollte dem Kühlkörper mindestens ein Luftspalt von 3cm
bleiben, um so für eine ausreichende Kühlung zu sorgen.
Einbau
Zur Sicherheit klemmen Sie den Negativ-Pol der Batterie während des gesamten Einbaues ab.
B+ Anschluss
Die Plus-Leitung mub ca. 40cm nach dem Plus-Pol der Batterie abgesichert sein. Preparieren Sie die Kabellängen und
montieren Sie den Sicherungshalter im Motorraum. ALLE Verbindungen müssen wasserdicht sein.
GND Anschluss
Preparieren Sie Ihr Kabel für die Negativ Leitung (Erdung). Preparieren Sie die Anschlubstelle des Erdungskabels, indem Sie
das Metall gründlich reinigen und vom Lack befreien. Befestigen Sie nun die Erdung an dieser Stelle mit einer Schraube.
REM Anschluss
Verbinden Sie das Ein-und Ausschaltkontroll-Kabel mit Ihrem Radio (12 Volt positiv). Normalerweise verwenden Sie hierfür
die Ant.-Remote Ihres Radios oder ein eigens dafür vorgesehenes Kabel (Amp-Remote). Sollte Ihr Radio diesen Anschlub
nicht besitzen, so verwenden Sie ein 12 Volt Spannung, die Sie durch eine Schalter ein - und ausschalten können.
– 35 –
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Stereo/Mono Betrieb
RCA
Input
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
Unbalanced
180°- 0°
–
+
–
2Ω min.
2Ω min.
+
–
+
Speaker
Terminal
Speaker
Terminal
+
–
4Ω min.
• Chinch Eingänge des rechten und linken Kanales anschlieben
• Signal Eingangsschalter auf “unbalanced” für den Betrieb mit Chinch-Kabel stellen
• Linken Phasen Schalter auf 0° stellen
• Rechten Phasen Schalter auf 180° stellen für den Stereo/Mono Betrieb
• Die Lautsprecher-Phase des rechten Kanales umkehren, um eine Phasenkorrektur zu
erreichen
• Gain Regler des linken Kanales angleichen, um die Lautstärke des Subwoofers
einzustellen
• Impendanz für jeden Kanal sollte minimum 2 Ohm betragen
• Impendanz im Brückenbetrieb sollte minimum 4 Ohm betragen
• XCard sollte auf Full Range gesteckt werder
• Passive Frequenzweichen werden für korrekte Stereo/Mono Operationen benötigt
– 36 –
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PREGO LEGGERE LE SEGUENTI ISTRUZIONI PER L'INSTALLAZIONE DI QUESTO PRODOTTO, IL NON SEGUIRLE POTREBBE
RISULTARE SERIAMENTE DANNOSO PER LA PERSONA O PER IL VEICOLO.
INTRODUZIONE
La serie Punch Power rappresenta il massimo che Rockford Fosgate ha da offrire! I nostri ingenieri hanno sviluppato delle
innovazioni tecnologiche che per altri costruttori sono considerate fantascienza, ma non per Rockford Fosgate! Trans•nova,
DIAMOND e TOPAZ, esclusivamente progettati da Rockford, sono solo alcune delle innovazioni descritte nella sezione
specifica del manuale.
DOVE POSIZIONARLO
Nel Bagagliaio
Montando l'amplificatore su una superficie in verticale con le alette direzionate dall'alto verso il basso si garantirá un miglior
raffreddamento dell'amplificatore.
Nell'abitacolo
Montare l'amplificatore nell'abitacolo si avrá un funzionamento regolare se si garantisce un flusso d'aria sufficiente. Per
l'installazione sotto un sedile, é necessario avere uno spazio di almeno 3 cm attorno a tutto l'amplificatore.
Installazione
Per sicurezza, scollegare il polo negativo della batteria dell'auto prima di iniziare l'installazione.
Terminale B+ (cavo positivo)
Il cavo positivo deve essere protetto da un fusibile a non piú di 45 cm dalla batteria. Terminare il cavo e installare il fusibile
nel vano motore. Tutte le connessioni devono essere a prova d'acqua.
Terminale GND (cavo negativo)
Decidere la lunghezza del cavo e terminarlo. Preparare la massa grattando la vernice dal telaio dell'auto ed eliminando
tracce di olio o sporco. Fissare il cavo di massa al telaio con una vite.
Terminale REM (Consenso di accensione)
Collegare il cavo REM ad un positivo presente solo ad autoradio accesa (normalmente il cavo pilota dell'antenna elettrica
o il cavo accessori dell'autoradio). Se la sorgente non dovesse essere equipaggiata con queste uscite, la soluzione
raccomandabile é di inserire un interruttore su un cavo positivo e connettersi all'amplificatore.
– 37 –
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Stereo/Mono Operation
RCA
Input
L
R
R
R
L
(Mono)
Speaker
Balanced
Input
Gain
Gain
Phase
Bass
EQ
Speaker
+
L
–
L
–
R
+
0
– 180°
Balanced
Pass Thru Pass Thru
EZ Bridged
Unbalanced
180°- 0°
–
+
–
2Ω min.
2Ω min.
+
–
+
Speaker
Terminal
Speaker
Terminal
+
–
4Ω min.
• RCA inputs non sono collegati ad entrambi, i canli destro e sinistro
• Interruttore di segnale input selezionato per il non bilanciamento per l'input
RCA
• Fase sinistra dell'interruttore posizionata su 0°.
• Fase destra dell'interruttore posizionata su 180° per l'operazione stereo/mono
• Tutta la polaritá dell'altoparlante del canale destro é invertita per correggere il
segnale di fase
• Gain per i canali destro e sinistro posizionati ugualmente per bilanciare i
subwoofer
• Impedenza per ogni canale deve essere minimo 2Ω
• Impedenza per i canali a ponte deve essere minimo 4Ω
• XCard é posizionata per tutto il range
• Crossover passivi sono indispensabili per un corretto funzionamento stereo/
mono
– 38 –
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MADE IN THE USA
This product is designed, developed and assembled in the USA by a dedicated group
of American workers. The majority of the components used in the construction of this
product are produced by American companies. However, due to the global nature of
their manufacturing facilities and the loudspeaker parts industry in general, some
parts may be manufactured in other countries.
Rockford Fosgate
Rockford Corporation
546 South Rockford Drive
Tempe, Arizona 85281 U.S.A.
In U.S.A., (602) 967-3565
In Europe, Fax (49) 8503-9340-14
In Japan, Fax (81) 559-79-1265
MAN-1770-A
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