Planet Technology Network Router ADE 3400v2 User Manual

ADSL 2/2+ Router  
ADE-3410 / ADE-3400v2 / ADE4400v2  
User's Manual  
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FCC Caution:  
To assure continued compliance (example-use only shielded interface cables when  
connecting to computer or peripheral devices). Any changes or modifications not  
expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s  
authority to operate the equipment.  
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the  
Following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)  
this Device must accept any interference received, including interference that may  
cause undesired operation.  
R&TTE Compliance Statement  
This equipment complies with all the requirements of DIRECTIVE 1999/5/EC OF  
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF 9 March 1999 on  
radio equipment and telecommunication terminal Equipment and the mutual  
recognition of their conformity (R&TTE)  
The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC  
(Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and Satellite Earth Station Equipment)  
As of April 8, 2000.  
WEEE  
To avoid the potential effects on the environment and human health as a  
result of the presence of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic  
equipment, end users of electrical and electronic equipment should  
understand the meaning of the crossed-out wheeled bin symbol. Do not  
dispose of WEEE as unsorted municipal waste and have to collect such  
WEEE separately.  
Safety  
This equipment is designed with the utmost care for the safety of those who install  
and use it. However, special attention must be paid to the dangers of electric shock  
and static electricity when working with electrical equipment. All guidelines of this  
and of the computer manufacture must therefore be allowed at all times to ensure the  
safe use of the equipment.  
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Revision  
User’s Manual for ADSL 2/2+ Router  
Model: ADE-3410 / ADE-3400v2 / ADE-4400v2  
Rev: 1.0 (May 2006)  
Part No. EM-ADE3410v1  
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Table of Contents  
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1. Introduction  
The PLANET ADSL 2/2+ Router, ADE-3410 / ADE-3400v2 / ADE-4400v2,  
provides office and residential users the ideal solution for sharing a high-speed ADSL  
2/2+ broadband Internet connection. It can support downstream transmission rates of  
up to 24Mbps and upstream transmission rates of up to 3.5Mbps. The product  
supports PPPoA (RFC 2364 - PPP over ATM Adaptation Layer 5), RFC 2684  
encapsulation over ATM (bridged or routed), PPP over Ethernet (RFC 2516), and  
IPoA (RFC1577) to establish a connection with ISP.  
Via the user-friendly management interface, ADE-3410 / ADE-3400v2 /  
ADE-4400v2 can be managed by workstations running standard web browsers.  
Furthermore, the device provides DHCP server, NAT, virtual server, DMZ, access  
control, IP filter, PPTP/IPSec/L2TP pass-through, DDNS, and UPnP capability.  
The device also serves as an Internet firewall, protecting your network from being  
accessed by outside users. It provides the natural firewall function (Network Address  
Translation, NAT). All incoming and outgoing IPs are monitored and filtered.  
Moreover, it can be configured to block internal users from accessing to the Internet.  
1.1 Feature  
Internet Access Features  
Š
Shared Internet Access. All users on the LAN can access the Internet through  
the ADE-3410 / ADE-3400v2 / ADE-4400v2 using only a single external IP  
Address. The local (invalid) IP Addresses are hidden from external sources.  
This process is called NAT (Network Address Translation).  
Š
Š
Š
Built-in ADSL 2/2+ Modem. The device provides ADSL 2/2+ modem, and  
supports all common ADSL connections.  
IPoA, PPPoE, PPPoA, Direct Connection Support. Various WAN  
connections are supported by ADE-3410 / ADE-3400v2 / ADE-4400v2.  
Auto-detection of Internet Connection Method. In most situations, the  
device can test your ADSL and Internet connection to determine the  
connection method used by your ISP.  
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Š
Fixed or Dynamic IP Address. On the Internet (WAN port) connection, the  
device supports both Dynamic IP Address (IP Address is allocated on  
connection) and Fixed IP Address.  
Advanced Internet Functions  
Š
Virtual Servers. This feature allows Internet users to access Internet servers  
on your LAN. The required setup is quick and easy.  
Š
Firewall. Supports simple firewall with NAT technology and provides option  
for access control from Internet, like Web, FTP, Telnet, SNMP, ICMP, and  
ALL services. It also supports DoS prevention and IP filtering.  
Š
Š
Š
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) UPnP allows automatic discovery and  
configuration of the Broadband Router. UPnP is supported by Windows ME,  
XP, or later.  
Dynamic DNS Support. DDNS, when used with the Virtual Servers feature,  
allows users to connect to Servers on your LAN using a Domain Name, even if  
you have a dynamic IP address which changes every time you connect.  
VPN Pass through Support. PCs with VPN (Virtual Private Networking)  
software using PPTP, L2TP, and IPSec are transparently supported - no  
configuration is required.  
Š
Š
RIP1/2 Routing. It supports RIP1/2 routing protocol for routing capability.  
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It is an easy way to remotely  
manage the router via SNMP.  
LAN Features  
Š
Š
Š
Š
Dual-Port. The ADE-3410 incorporates on one Ethernet port and one USB  
port, making it easy to create or extend your LAN.  
Ethernet Port. The ADE-3400v2 provides one Ethernet port, making it easy to  
create or extend your LAN.  
4-Port Switch. The ADE-4400v2 incorporates a 4-port 10/100BaseT switching  
hub, making it easy to create or extend your LAN.  
DHCP Server Support. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol provides a  
dynamic IP address to PCs and other devices upon request. The device can act  
as a DHCP Server for devices on your local LAN.  
1.2 Package Contents  
ADE-3410 / ADE-3400v2 / ADE-4400v2 Unit  
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Power Adapter  
Quick Installation Guide  
User’s Manual CD  
RJ-11 (ADSL) cable  
RJ-45 cable  
USB cable (ADE-3410)  
1.3 Physical Details  
Top-mounted LEDs of ADE-3410  
Top-mounted LEDs of ADE-3400v2  
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Top-mounted LEDs of ADE-4400v2  
LED Indicator  
LED  
1
Meaning  
Lit steady when there is a PPPoA / PPPoE  
connection.  
PPP :  
ADSL:  
USB:  
Lit when successfully connected to an ADSL  
DSLAM (“linesync”).  
2
3
4
Lit when the USB port is connected to the PC  
and working properly (ADE-3410).  
Lit when connected to an Ethernet device.  
Green for 100Mbps; Orange for 10Mbps.  
LAN:  
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Blinking when data is Transmitted / Received.  
5
6
SYS:  
Lit when the system is ready.  
Lit when power is ON.  
PWR:  
Rear Panel of ADE-3410  
Rear Panel of ADE-3400v2  
Rear Panel of ADE-4400v2  
Port  
Meaning  
Power  
1
Power ON/OFF switch (ADE-3410).  
Switch  
Connect the supplied power adapter to this  
jack (ADE-3410 / ADE-3400v2: 12V AC;  
ADE-4400v2: 12V DC).  
2
3
12V  
After the device is powered on, press it to reset  
the device or restore to factory default settings.  
Reset the device 6 seconds above to restore the  
factory default settings (this is used when you  
RESET  
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can not login to the router, e.g. forgot the  
password)  
Connect a UTP Ethernet cable (Cat-5 or  
Cat-5e) to one of the four LAN ports when  
connecting to a PC or an office/home network  
of 10Mbps or 100Mbps.  
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LAN  
Connect the supplied USB cable to this port  
when connecting to the PC (ADE-3410).  
Connect the supplied RJ-11 (“telephone”)  
cable to this port when connecting to the  
ADSL/telephone network.  
5
6
USB  
ADSL  
2. Installation  
This chapter offers information about installing your router. If you are not familiar with  
the hardware or software parameters presented here, please consult your service  
provider for the values needed.  
2.1 System Requirement  
1. Personal computer (PC)  
2. Pentium II 233 MHz processor minimum  
3. 32 MB RAM minimum  
4. 20 MB of free disk space minimum  
2.2 Hardware Installation  
This section describes how to connect and configure the ADE-3410, ADE-3400v2, and  
ADE-4400v2.  
ADE-3410  
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ADSL  
Line  
USB  
PC /  
Hub  
Power  
Cable  
Adapter  
ADE-3400v2  
ADSL  
Line  
PC /  
Hub  
Power  
Adapter  
ADE-4400v2  
Power  
Adapter  
PC /  
Hub  
ADSL  
Line  
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2.3 Installing the USB Driver on a PC (ADE-3410)  
If you connect the device through USB port instead of Ethernet port, Windows will  
automatically detect the device when the USB cable is connected to the PC at the first  
time. Please follow the steps to install the USB driver.  
For Windows XP & 2000:  
1. Start Windows. Then insert the installation CD into the CD-ROM drive. In next  
window, to specify the driver directory such as “G:\USB  
Driver\setupXP2K_En_De_Fi” and to continue.  
2. Choose the setup language and click “Next” (There are three languages that  
user can choose: English, German, and French).  
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3. Then follow screen.  
4. Click the type of setup you prefer, then click “Next”.  
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5. Setup enough information of coping the program files then click “Next”.  
6. Please plug USB cable into ADSL USB Modem.  
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7. Click “Finish”.  
8. The windows will show the screen and please enter “User Name” and  
“Password” to configure the status report on web page.  
For Windows 98 & Me:  
1. Start Windows. Then insert the installation CD into the CD-ROM drive. In next  
window, to specify the driver directory such as “G:\USB Driver\setup98  
Me_En_De_Fi” and to continue.  
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2. Choose the setup language and click “Next”. (There are three languages that user  
can choose: English, German, and French)  
3. Then follow screen.  
4. Click the type of setup you prefer, then click “Next”.  
5. Setup enough information of coping the program files.  
6. Select “I want to restart my computer now” and click OK.  
7. Click “Finish”.  
2.4 Configuring the Network Properties  
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Configuring PC in Windows XP  
1. Go to Start / Control Panel (in Classic View). In the Control Panel,  
double-click on Network Connections  
2. Double-click Local Area Connection.  
3. In the Local Area Connection Status window, click Properties.  
4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.  
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5. Select the Obtain an IP address automatically and the Obtain DNS  
server address automatically radio buttons.  
6. Click OK to finish the configuration.  
Configuring PC in Windows 2000  
1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control Panel, double-click on  
Network and Dial-up Connections.  
2. Double-click Local Area Connection.  
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3. In the Local Area Connection Status window click Properties.  
4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.  
5. Select the Obtain an IP address automatically and the Obtain DNS server  
address automatically radio buttons.  
6. Click OK to finish the configuration.  
Configuring PC in Windows 98/Me  
1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control Panel, double-click on  
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Network and choose the Configuration tab.  
2. Select TCP/IP ->  
NE2000 Compatible, or the name of your Network Interface Card (NIC) in your  
PC.  
3. Select the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button.  
4. Then select the DNS Configuration tab.  
5. Select the Disable DNS radio button and click OK to finish the configuration.  
Configuring PC in Windows NT4.0  
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1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control Panel, double-click on  
Network and choose the Protocols tab.  
2. Select TCP/IP Protocol and click Properties.  
3. Select the Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server radio button and click OK.  
PS: If you configuring the Network Properties through USB Port (ADE-3410), please  
be note to specify a DNS IP address in PC and do not use “Obtain DNS server  
address automatically”.  
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3 Configuration  
3.1 Determine your connection settings  
Before you configure the router, you need to know the connection information  
supplied by your ADSL service provider.  
3.2 Connecting the ADSL Router to your network  
Unlike a simple hub or switch, the setup of the ADSL Router consists of more than  
simply plugging everything together. Because the Router acts as a DHCP server, you  
will have to set some values within the Router, and also configure your networked  
PCs to accept the IP Addresses the Router chooses to assign them.  
Generally there are several different operating modes for your applications. And you  
can know which mode is necessary for your system from ISP. These modes are router,  
bridge, PPPoE+NAT, and PPPoA+NAT.  
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3.3 Configuring with Web Browser  
It is advisable to change the administrator password to safeguard the security of your  
network.  
To configure the router, open your browser, type 'http://192.168.1.254' into the  
address bar and click 'Go' to get to the login page.  
Save this address in your Favorites for future reference.  
At the User name prompt, type 'admin'. And the Password prompt, type 'admin'. You  
can change these later if you wish. Click 'OK'.  
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3.3.1 Quick Setup Guide  
You can use "Quick Setup" to setup the router as follows, and the router will connect  
to the Internet via ADSL line.  
Click "Quick Start" to get into the quick setup procedures.  
Click "RUN WIZARD" to start up this procedure.  
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Step 1 - Click "Next" to setup your new administrator's password.  
Step 2 - Click "Next" to setup your time zone.  
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Step 3 - Click "Next" to setup your Internet connection type. You can have this  
information from your Internet Service Provider.  
Enter the connection information provided by your ISP.  
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3.3.2 System Time  
Go to Maintenance->Time Zone and select system time as you wish.  
Connecting to a Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) server allows the router to  
synchronize the system clock to the global Internet.  
The synchronized clock in the router is used to record the security log and control  
client filtering.  
3.3.3 Admin Setting  
Go to Maintenance-> Administration to set a new user's name and password to  
restrict management access to the router.  
The default is admin (User's name) and admin (Password)  
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3.3.4 Firmware Update  
Go to Maintenance -> Firmware to upgrade the firmware. The new firmware for your  
router can improve functionality and performance.  
Enter the path and name of the upgrade file then click the UPGRADE button below.  
You will be prompted to confirm the upgrade.  
3.3.5 System Log  
Go to Status -> System Log and you can see the system log file. Click “Save Log” to  
save system log file.  
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3.3.6 System Reset  
In the event that the router stops responding correctly or in some way stops  
functioning, you can perform a reset. Your settings will not be changed.  
To perform the reset, select "Current Setting" and click on the "RESTART" button  
below. The router will reboot with current setting.  
Select "Factory Default Setting" and click on the “RESTART” button, the router  
will reboot with factory default settings.  
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3.4.1 ADSL Status  
Go to Status->Device Info. The 'ADSL Line Status' enables you to check the status  
of your ADSL connection including how fast data is being transferred.  
3.4.2 ADSL Statistics  
Go to Status-> Statistics and select ADSL interface. You can see the traffic Statistics  
of ADSL interface.  
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3.4.3 VC Configuration  
Go to Interface Setup -> Internet. To add or delete ADSL VC configuration, these  
information provide by ISP.  
3.5.1 WAN Configuration  
Go to Interface Setup -> Internet. The router can be connected to your service  
provider in any of the following ways.  
Dynamic IP Address: Obtain an IP address automatically from your service  
provider.  
Static IP Address: Uses a static IP address. Your service provider gives a static IP  
address to access Internet services.  
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PPPoE: PPP over Ethernet is a common connection method used for xDSL  
PPPoA: PPP over ATM is a common connection method used for xDSL  
Bridge: Bridge mode is a common connection method used for xDSL modem.  
3.5.2 WAN Status  
Go to Status -> Device Info and select the Virtual Circuit to see the connection  
status.  
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3.5.3 DNS  
Go to Interface -> LAN to enable DHCP server. Then you can set DNS server for the  
router. A Domain Name system (DNS) server is like an index of IP addresses  
and Web addresses. If you type a Web address into you browser, a DNS server will  
find that name in its index and find the matching IP address.  
Most ISPs provide a DNS server for speed and convenience. Since your Service  
Provider many connect to the Internet with dynamic IP settings, it is likely that the  
DNS server IP addresses are also provided dynamically. However, if there is a DNS  
server that you would rather use, you need to specify the IP address below.  
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3.5.4 DDNS  
Go to Access Management -> DDNS to setup your DDNS parameters. Dynamic  
DNS allows you to update your dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic  
DNS services. So anyone can access your FTP or Web service on your computer  
using DNS-like address.  
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3.6.1 LAN Configuration  
Go to Interface Setup -> LAN. The 'LAN Settings' option enables you to configure  
the LAN port.  
If the DHCP Relay is selected, the DHCP requests from local PCs are forward to the  
DHCP server runs on WAN side. To have this function working properly,  
disable the NAT to run on router mode only, disable the DHCP server on the LAN  
port, and make sure the routing table has the correct routing entry.  
3.7.1 IP Filtering  
Go to Access Management -> IP Filtering to block some packets form WAN.  
The router provides extensive firewall protection by restricting connection parameters  
to limit the risk of intrusion and defending against a wide array of  
common hacker attacks.  
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“Block WAN Scan” allows you to prevent the hackers from testing the services of the  
router. Add IP filtering rule to block certain packet from WAN.  
IP Filter Set Editing  
IP filter Set Index: This is an item number.  
Interface: Select which channel (PVC) to configure.  
Direction: Select the access to the Internet (“Outgoing”), from the Internet  
(“Incoming”), or Both.  
IP Filter Rule Editing  
IP Filter Rule Index: This is an item number.  
Active: Select Yes to enable IP filter rule.  
Source IP Address: The source IP address or range of packets to be monitored.  
Subnet Mask: It is the destination IP addresses based on above destination subnet IP.  
Source Port Number: This Port or Port Ranges defines the port allowed to be used  
by the Remote/WAN to connect to the application. Default is set from range 0 ~  
65535. It is recommended that this option be configured by an advanced user.  
Destination IP Address: This is the destination subnet IP address.  
Subnet Mask: It is the destination IP addresses based on above destination subnet IP  
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Destination Port Number: This is the Port or Port Ranges that defines the  
application.  
Protocol: It is the packet protocol type used by the application. Select the TCP, UDP,  
or, ICMP.  
Rule Unmatched: Select action for the traffic unmatched current rule. Select  
Forward to leave and pass through it. Select NEXT to check it by the next rule.  
IP Filter Listing  
IP Filter Set Index: This is an item number.  
Active: Whether the connection is currently active.  
Src IP Mask: The source IP address or range of packets to be monitored.  
Dest IP Mask: This is the destination subnet IP address.  
Src port: This Port or Port Ranges defines the port allowed to be used by the  
Remote/WAN to connect to the application. Default is setting from range 0 ~ 65535.  
It is recommended that this option be configured by an advanced user.  
Dest Port: This is the Port or Port Ranges that defines the application.  
Protocol: It is the packet protocol type used by the application. Select TCP, UDP, or  
ICMP.  
3.8.1 NAT Setting  
Go to Advanced Setup->NAT to setup the NAT features. Network Address  
Translation (NAT) allows multiple users at your local site to access the Internet  
through a single public IP address or multiple public IP addresses. NAT can also  
prevent hacker attacks by mapping local addresses to public addresses for  
key services such as the Web or FTP.  
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3.8.2 Virtual Server  
Go to Advanced Setup ->NAT -> Virtual Server to set virtual server as you need.  
(known as Port Mapping).  
You can configure the router as a virtual server so that remote users accessing  
services such as the Web or FTP at your local site via public IP addresses can  
be automatically redirected to local servers configured with private IP addresses. In  
other words, depending on the requested service (TCP/UDP port numbers), the router  
redirects the external service request to the appropriate server (located at another  
internal IP address). For some applications, you need to assign a set or a range of  
ports (example 4000-5000) to a specified local machine to route the packets. The  
router allows the user to configure the needed port mappings to suit such applications.  
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3.8.3 DMZ Setting  
Go to Advanced Setup ->NAT -> DMZ to set DMZ parameters.  
If you have a local client PC that cannot run an Internet application properly from  
behind the NAT firewall, you can open the client up to unrestricted two-way Internet  
access by defining a virtual DMZ Host.  
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3.8.4 ADSL Type Setting  
Go to Advanced Setup ->ADSL to set different ADSL connection  
If you meet an ADSL connection problem, you can select a different ADSL  
connection type to get more fast connection.  
3.9.1 Static Routing  
Go to Advance Setup -> Routing ->Add to setup static route features.  
The static routing function determines the path that router follows over your network  
before and after it passes through your router. You can use static routing to allow  
different IP domain users to access the Internet through this device.  
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3.9.2 Dynamic Routing  
Go to Interface Setup -> Internet to select Dynamic Route as you need.  
The dynamic routing feature of the router can be used to allow the router to  
automatically adjust to physical changes in the network's layout. The router uses the  
dynamic RIP protocol. It determines the route that the network packets take based on  
the fewest number of hops between the source and the destination. The RIP protocol  
regularly broadcasts routing information to other routers on the network.  
3.9.3 Routing Table  
Go to Advance Management -> Routing to see the Routing Table.  
The Routing table allows you to see how many routings on your routing table and  
interface information  
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3.10.1 System Status  
Go to Status -> Device Info to see the router's information. The System Status page  
shows the WAN, LAN and the router's firmware version.  
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3.11.1 Access Control List  
Go to Access Management -> ACL to see the Access Control List. Access Control  
Listing allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which devices  
interface from which computers.  
You can configure the router for remote Telnet access or upload and download router  
firmware and configuration files by using FTP. To use this feature, your computer must  
have an FTP client. The device’s embedded Web configurator for configuration and file  
management.  
ACL Rule Index: This is an item number.  
Secure IP Address: The default 0.0.0.0 allows any client to use this service to  
remotely manage the device. Type an IP address to restrict access to a client with a  
matching IP address.  
Application: Choose a service that you may use to remotely manage the device.  
Interface: Select the access interface. Choices are LAN, WAN, and Both.  
3.12.1 Simple Network Management Protocol  
Go to Access Management -> SNMP to see the Simple Network Management  
Protocol (SNMP). SNMP is a protocol used for exchanging management information  
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between network devices. SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite. The device  
supports SNMP agent functionality which allows a manager station to manage and  
monitor the router through the network.  
Get Community: Type the Get Community which is the command for the incoming  
Get and GetNext requests from the management station.  
Set Community: Type the Set Community which is the command for incoming Set  
requests from the management station.  
3.13.1 Universal Plug and Play  
Go to Access Management -> UPnP to see the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP).  
UPnP offers peer-to-peer network connectivity for PCs and other network devices,  
along with control and data transfer between devices. UPnP offers many advantages  
for users running NAT routers through UPnP NAT Traversal, and on supported  
systems makes tasks such as port forwarding much easier by letting the application  
control the required settings, removing the need for the user to control advanced  
configuration of their device.  
Both the user’s Operating System and the relevant application must support UPnP in  
addition to the router. Windows XP and Windows Me natively support UPnP (when the  
component is installed), and Windows 98 users may install the Internet Connection  
Sharing client from Windows XP in order to support UPnP. Windows 2000 does not  
support UPnP.  
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UPnP: Select this checkbox to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use an  
UPnP application to open the Web configurator's login screen without entering the  
device's IP address  
Auto-configured: Select this check box to allow UPnP-enabled applications to  
automatically configure the device so that they can communicate through the device,  
for example by using NAT traversal, UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT  
forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP enabled device. This  
eliminates need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP enabled  
application.  
3.14.1 System Diagnostics  
Go to Maintenance -> Diagnostics to see the Diagnostic Test. This page shows the test  
results for the connectivity of the physical layer and protocol layer for both LAN and  
WAN sides.  
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Appendix A: Glossary  
Address mask  
A bit mask select bits from an Internet address for subnet addressing. The mask is 32  
bits long and selects the network portion of the Internet address  
and one or more bits of the local portion. Sometimes it called subnet mask.  
AAL5  
ATM Adaptation Layer - This layer maps higher layer user data into ATM cells,  
making the data suitable for transport through the ATM network.  
ADSL  
Asymmetric digital subscriber line  
ATM  
Asynchronous Transfer Mode - A cell-based data transfer technique in which channel  
demand determines packet allocation. ATM offers fast packet technology,  
real time, and demand led switching for efficient use of network resources.  
AWG  
American Wire Gauge - The measurement of thickness of a wire  
Bridge  
A device connects two or more physical networks and forward packets between them.  
Bridges can usually be made to filter packets, that is, to forward only certain traffic.  
Related devices are repeaters which simply forward electrical signals from one cable  
to the other and full-fledged routers which make routing decisions based on several  
criteria.  
Broadband  
Characteristic of any network multiplexes independent network carriers onto a single  
cable. Broadband technology allows several networks to coexist on one single cable;  
traffic from one network does not interfere with traffic from another. Broadcast a  
packet delivery system where a copy of a given packet is given to all hosts attached to  
the network. Example: Ethernet.  
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CO  
Central Office. Refers to equipment located at a Telco or service provider's office.  
CPE  
Customer Premises Equipment located in a user's premises  
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)  
DHCP is software that automatically assigns IP addresses to client stations logging  
onto a TCP/IP network. DHCP eliminates having to manually assign permanent IP  
addresses to every device on your network. DHCP software typically runs in servers  
and is also found in network devices such as Routers.  
DMT  
Discrete Multi-Tone frequency signal modulation  
Downstream rate  
The line rate for return messages or data transfers from the network machine to the  
user's premises machine.  
DSLAM  
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplex  
Dynamic IP Addresses  
A dynamic IP address is an IP address that is automatically assigned to a client station  
(computer, printer, etc.) in a TCP/IP network. Dynamic IP addresses are typically  
assigned by a DHCP server, which can be a computer on the network or another piece  
of hardware, such as the Router. A dynamic IP address  
may change every time your computer connects to the network.  
Encapsulation  
The technique layer protocols in which a layer adds header information to the  
protocol data unit (PDU) from the layer above. As an example, in Internet  
terminology, a packet would contain a header from the physical layer, followed by a  
header from the network layer (IP), followed by a header from the transport  
layer (TCP), and followed by the application protocol data.  
Ethernet  
One of the most common local area network (LAN) wiring schemes, Ethernet has a  
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transmission rate of 10 Mbps.  
FTP  
File Transfer Protocol. The Internet protocol (and program) transfer files between  
hosts.  
Hop count  
A measure of distance between two points on the Internet. It is equivalent to the  
number of gateways that separate the source and destination.  
HTML  
Hypertext Markup Language - The page-coding language for the World Wide Web.  
HTML browser  
A browser used to traverse the Internet, such as Netscape or Microsoft Internet  
Explorer.  
http  
Hypertext Transfer Protocol - The protocol carry world-wide-web (www) traffic  
between a www browser computer and the www server being accessed.  
ICMP  
Internet Control Message Protocol - The protocol handle errors and control messages  
at the IP layer. ICMP is actually part of the IP protocol.  
Internet address  
An IP address is assigned in blocks of numbers to user organizations accessing the  
Internet. These addresses are established by the United States Department  
of Defense's Network Information Center. Duplicate addresses can cause major  
problems on the network, but the NIC trusts organizations to use individual  
addresses responsibly. Each address is a 32-bit address in the form of x.x.x.x where x  
is an eight- bit number from 0 to 255. There are three classes: A, B and C, depending  
on how many computers on the site are likely to be connected.  
Internet Protocol (IP)  
The network layer protocol for the Internet protocol suite  
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IP address  
The 32-bit address assigned to hosts that want to participate in a TCP/IP Internet.  
ISP  
Internet service provider - A company allows home and corporate users to connect to  
the Internet.  
MAC  
Media Access Control Layer - A sub-layer of the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the  
ISO OSI Model responsible for media control.  
MIB  
Management Information Base - A collection of objects can be accessed via a  
network management protocol, such as SNMP and CMIP (Common Management  
Information Protocol).  
NAT  
Network Address Translation - A proposal for IP address reuse, where the local IP  
address is mapped to a globally unique address.  
NVT  
Network Virtual Terminal  
PAP  
Password Authentication Protocol  
PORT  
The abstraction used in Internet transport protocols to distinguish among multiple  
simultaneous connections to a single destination host.  
POTS  
Plain Old Telephone Service - This is the term describe basic telephone service.  
PPP  
Point-to-Point-Protocol - The successor to SLIP, PPP provides router-to-router and  
host-to-network connections over both synchronous and asynchronous circuits.  
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PPPoE  
PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an  
always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection.  
Remote server  
A network computer allows a user to log on to the network from a distant location.  
RFC  
Request for Comments - Refers to documents published by the Internet Engineering  
Task Force (IETF) proposing standard protocols and procedures for the Internet. RFC  
Route  
The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. The route a  
datagram may follow can include many gateways and many physical networks.  
In the Internet, each datagram is routed separately.  
Router  
A system is responsible for making decisions about which of several paths network  
(or Internet) traffic will follow. To do this, it uses a routing protocol to  
gain information about the network and algorithms to choose the best route based on  
several criteria known as "routing metrics".  
Routing Table  
Information stored within a router that contains network path and status information.  
It is used to select the most appropriate route to forward information along.  
Routing Information Protocol  
Routers periodically exchange information with one another so that they can  
determine minimum distance paths between sources and destinations.  
SNMP  
Simple Network Management Protocol - The network management protocol of choice  
for TCP/IP-based Internet.  
SOCKET  
(1) The Berkeley UNIX mechanism for creating a virtual connection between  
processes.  
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(2) IBM term for software interfaces that allow two UNIX application programs to  
talk via TCP/IP protocols.  
Spanning-Tree Bridge Protocol (STP)  
Spanning-Tree Bridge Protocol (STP) - Part of an IEEE standard. A mechanism for  
detecting and preventing loops from occurring in a multi-bridged environment.  
When three or more LAN's segments are connected via bridges, a loop can occur.  
Because of a bridge forwards all packets that are not recognized as being local,  
some packets can circulate for long periods of time, eventually degrading system  
performance. This algorithm ensures only one path connects any pair of stations,  
selecting one bridge as the 'root' bridge, with the highest priority one as identifier,  
from which all paths should radiate.  
Spoofing  
A method of fooling network end stations into believing that keep alive signals have  
come from and returned to the host. Polls are received and returned locally at  
either end  
Static IP Address  
A static IP address is an IP address permanently assigned to computer in a TCP/IP  
network. Static IP addresses are usually assigned to networked devices that are  
consistently accessed by multiple users, such as Server PCs, or printers. If you are  
using your Router to share your cable or DSL Internet connection, contact your ISP to  
see if they have assigned your home a static IP address. You will need that address  
during your Router's configuration.  
Subnet  
For routing purposes, IP networks can be divided into logical subnets by using a  
subnet mask. Values below those of the mask are valid addresses on the subnet.  
TCP  
Transmission Control Protocol - The major transport protocol in the Internet suite of  
protocols provides reliable, connection-oriented full-duplex streams.  
TFTP  
Trivial File Transfer Protocol. A simple file transfer protocol (a simplified version of  
FTP) that is often boot diskless workstations and other network devices such as  
routers over a network (typically a LAN).  
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Telnet  
The virtual terminal protocol in the Internet suite of protocols - Allows users of one  
host to log into a remote host and act as normal terminal users of that host.  
Transparent bridging  
The intelligence necessary to make relaying decisions exists in the bridge itself and is  
thus transparent to the communicating workstations. It involves frame forwarding,  
learning workstation addresses, and ensuring no topology loops exist (in conjunction  
with the Spanning-Tree algorithm).  
UDP  
User Datagram Protocol - A connectionless transport protocol that runs on top of  
TCP/IP's IP. UDP, like TCP, uses IP for delivery; however, unlike TCP, UDP  
provides for exchange of datagram without acknowledgments or guaranteed delivery.  
Best suited for small, independent requests, such as requesting a MIB value from an  
SNMP agent, in which first setting up a connection would take more time than  
sending the data.  
UNI signaling  
User Network Interface signaling for ATM communications.  
Virtual Connection (VC)  
A link that seems and behaves like a dedicated point-to-point line or a system that  
delivers packets in sequence, as happens on an actual point-to-point network. In  
reality, the data is delivered across a network via the most appropriate route. The  
sending and receiving devices do not have to be aware of the options and the route is  
chosen only when a message is sent. There is no pre-arrangement, so each virtual  
connection exists only for the duration of that one transmission.  
WAN  
Wide area network - A data communications network that spans any distance and is  
usually provided by a public carrier (such as a telephone company or service  
provider).  
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