®
Instant Wireless Series
Wireless Network
Access Point
Use this guide to install:
User Guide
WAP11 ver. 2.6
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Wireless Network Access Point
INDUSTRY CANADA (CANADA)
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
The use of this device in a system operating either partially or completely outdoors may require
the user to obtain a license for the system according to the Canadian regulations.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
The Instant Wireless Network Access Point
Features
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EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY (EUROPE)
Linksys Group declares that the Instant Wireless® Series products included in the Instant
Wireless® Series conform to the specifications listed below, following the provisions of the
EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC:
Chapter 2: Planning Your Wireless Network
Network Topology
Ad-Hoc versus Infrastructure Mode
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ETS 300-826, 301 489-1 General EMC requirements for Radio equipment.
EN 609 50 Safety
ETS 300-328-2 Technical requirements for Radio equipment.
Note: This equipment is intended to be used in all EU and EFTA countries. Outdoor use may
be restricted to certain frequencies and/or may require a license for operation. For more
details, contact Linksys Corporate Compliance.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless Network
Access Point
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The Wireless Network Access Point’s Ports
The Wireless Network Access Point’s LEDs
Note: Combinations of power levels and antennas resulting in a radiated power level of
above 100 mW are considered as not compliant with the above mentioned directive and are
not allowed for use within the European community and countries that have adopted the
European R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC and/or the CEPT recommendation Rec 70.03. For
more details on legal combinations of power levels and antennas, contact Linksys Corporate
Compliance.
Chapter 4: Connecting the Wireless Network
Access Point
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•
•
•
Linksys Group vakuuttaa täten että Instant Wireless Network Access Point tyyppinen
laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY, direktiivin 89/336/EEC ja direktiivin 73/23/EEC oleellisten
vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien näiden direktiivien muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Linksys Group déclare que le point d’accès réseau sans fil est conforme aux conditions
essentielles et aux dispositions relatives à la directive 1999/5/EC, la directive
89/336/EEC, et à la directive 73/23/EEC.
Chapter 5: Setting Up the Wireless Network
Access Point
Chapter 6: Configuring the Wireless Network
Access Point
The Setup Tab
The Password Tab
The Status Tab
The Log Tab
The Help Tab
The Filter Tab
The Wireless Tab
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Belgique B L’utilisation en extérieur est autorisé sur le canal 11 (2462 MHz), 12 (2467
MHz), et 13 (2472 MHz).
Dans le cas d’une utilisation privée, à l’extérieur d’un bâtiment, au-dessus d’un espace
public, aucun enregistrement n’est nécessaire pour une distance de moins de 300m.
Pour une distance supérieure à 300m un enregistrement auprès de l’IBPT est requise.
Pour une utilisation publique à l’extérieur de bâtiments, une licence de l’IBPT est req-
uise. Pour les enregistrements et licences, veuillez contacter l’IBPT.
France F: Bande de fréquence restreinte: seuls les canaux 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457, 2462,
2467, et 2472 MHz respectivement) doivent être utilisés en France. Toute utilisation,
qu'elle soit intérieure ou extérieure, est soumise à autorisation. Vous pouvez contacter
procédure à suivre.
France F: Restricted frequency band: only channels 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457, 2462, 2467,
and 2472 MHz respectively) may be used in France. License required for every indoor
and outdoor installations. Please contact ART for procedure to follow.
Deutschland D: Anmeldung im Outdoor-Bereich notwending, aber nicht genehmi-
gungspflichtig. Bitte mit Händler die Vorgehensweise abstimmen.
•
•
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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Appendix B: Setting Up the TCP/IP Protocol
Setting Up TCP/IP in Windows
TCP/IP Setup for Windows 98 and Millennium
TCP/IP Setup for Windows 2000
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Germany D: License required for outdoor installations. Check with reseller for procedure
to follow.
Italia I: E' necessaria la concessione ministeriale anche per l'uso interno. Verificare con i
rivenditori la procedura da seguire. L'uso per installazione in esterni non e' permessa.
Italy I: License required for indoor use. Use with outdoor installations not allowed.
the Netherlands NL License required for outdoor installations. Check with reseller for
procedure to follow.
•
•
TCP/IP Setup for Windows XP
•
Nederlands NL Licentie verplicht voor gebruik met buitenantennes. Neem contact op
met verkoper voor juiste procedure.
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Instant Wireless® Series
Wireless Network Access Point
Chapter 1: Introduction
Appendix C: Glossary
39
The Instant Wireless Network Access Point
Don’t be bound by cabling restrictions any longer! The Wireless Access Point
from Linksys delivers the freedom to configure your network your way.
Utilization of “state-of-the-art” wireless technology gives you the ability to set
up workstations in ways you never thought possible; no cables to install means
less expense and less hassle.
Appendix D: Specifications
47
Environmental
48
Appendix E: Warranty Information
Appendix F: Contact Information
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50
The Wireless Access Point’s high-powered antennas offer a wide range of oper-
ation, so you get seamless roaming throughout your wireless LAN infrastruc-
ture. An advanced user authentication feature ensures a high level of network
security, and Windows-based diagnostics and statistic tools ensure that you’ll
always be in control. The Wireless Access Point is easy-to-install and easy-to-
use—just plug it in and you’re ready to go!
When all of these features come together in one compact, lightweight, and
power-efficient unit, you have the ultimate in flexible networking—the Linksys
Wireless Access Point.
Features
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High-Speed Data Transfer Rates of up to 11Mbps
Interoperable with IEEE 802.11b (DSSS), 2.4GHz Compliant Equipment
Provides Roaming, Best Access Point Selection, Load Balancing, and
Network Traffic Filtering
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Wireless Access Point Roaming and Bridging
Hardware Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Free Software Driver Upgrades
Compatible with Virtually All Major Operating Systems
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Instant Wireless® Series
Wireless Network Access Point
If the wireless network is relatively small and needs to share resources only
with the other computers on the wireless network, then the ad-hoc mode can
be used. (See Figure 2-2.) Ad-hoc mode allows computers equipped with wire-
less transmitters and receivers to communicate directly with each other, elimi-
nating the need for an access point. The drawback of this mode is that, in Ad-
Hoc mode, wireless-equipped computers are not able to communicate with
computers on a wired network. And, of course, communication between the
wireless-equipped computers is limited by the distance and interference direct-
ly between them.
Chapter 2: Planning Your
Wireless Network
Network Topology
A wireless local area network (WLAN) is exactly like a regular local area net-
work (LAN), except that each computer in the WLAN uses a wireless device to
connect to the network. Computers in a WLAN share the same frequency
channel and SSID, which is an identification name for wireless devices.
Ad-Hoc versus Infrastructure Mode
Unlike wired networks, wireless networks have two different modes in which
they may be set up: infrastructure and ad-hoc. An infrastructure configura-
tion is a WLAN and wired LAN communicating to each other through an
access point. An ad-hoc configuration is wireless-equipped computers com-
municating directly with each other. Choosing between these two modes
depends on whether or not the wireless network needs to share data or periph-
erals with a wired network or not.
Figure 2-2
If the computers on the
wireless network need to
be accessed by a wired
network or need to share a
peripheral, such as a print-
er, with the wired network
computers, the wireless
network should be set up
in infrastructure mode.
(See Figure 2-1.) The
basis of infrastructure
mode centers around an
Figure 2-1
access point, which serves
as the main point of com-
munications in a wireless network. Access points transmit data to PCs equipped
with wireless network cards, which can roam within a certain radial range of
the access point. Multiple access points can be arranged to work in succession
to extend the roaming range, and can be set up to communicate with your
Ethernet (wired) hardware as well.
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Wireless Network Access Point
The Wireless Network Access Point’s LEDs
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the
Wireless Network Access Point
The Wireless Network Access Point’s Ports
The Access Point’s ports, where a network cable is connected, are located on
the Access Point’s rear panel.
Figure 3-2
Power
ACT
Red. The Power LED lights up when the Access Point is
powered on.
Green. If the LED is flickering, the Access Point is actively
sending or receiving data to or from one of the devices on the
wireless network.
Figure 3-1
Dipole Antenna
Connectors
LINK
Orange. The LINK LED serves two purposes. If the LED is
continuously lit up, the Access Point is successfully connect-
ed to a device through the LAN port. If the LED is flicker-
ing, it is an indication of any wired network activity.
These two round connections are where the antennas are
connected to the Access Point.
LAN
This LAN (Local Area Network) port connects to
Ethernet network devices, such as a hub, switch, or
router.
Power
The Power port is where you will connect the power
adapter.
Reset Button
There are two ways to reset the Access Point’s factory
defaults. Briefly press the Reset Button for approximately
ten seconds, or use the Password tab of the Access Point’s
Web-based Utility.
Important: Resetting the Access Point will erase all of your settings
(WEP Encryption, Wireless, and LAN settings, etc.) and replace
them with the factory defaults.
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Wireless Network Access Point
Chapter 4: Connecting the
Wireless Network Access Point
1. Locate an optimum location for the Access Point. The best place for the
Access Point is usually at the center of your wireless network, with line of
sight to all of your mobile stations.
Chapter 5: Setting Up the
Wireless Network Access Point
Have You: Connected the Access Point to a hub, switch, or router
on your wired network as shown in “Chapter 4: Connecting the
Wireless Network Access Point”?
Now that you’ve connected the Access Point to your wired network, you are
ready to begin setting it up. This Setup Wizard will take you through all the
steps necessary to get the Access Point connecting your wireless network to
your wired network and communicating more efficiently.
2. Fix the direction of the antenna. Try to place it in a position which can best
cover your wireless network. Normally, the higher you place the antenna,
the better the performance will be. The antenna’s position enhances the
receiving sensitivity. Both antennas should be perpendicular to the ground
and parallel to each other.
Note: While the Access Point has been designed to work correctly
right out of the box, setting it up on a wireless computer will
require you to use the Linksys default settings. These settings can
then be changed through the Web-based Utility.
3. Connect the included Category 5 Ethernet network cable to the Access
Point. Then, connect the other end of the Ethernet cable to a switch or hub.
The Access Point will then be connected to your 10 or 10/100 network.
1. Insert the Setup Wizard CD into your PC’s CD-ROM drive. Optimally, your
PC should be on your wired network.
4. Connect the AC power adapter to the Access Point’s Power port. Only use
the power adapter supplied with the Access Point. Use of a different adapter
may result in product damage.
2. The screen in Figure 5-1 should appear on your monitor. If it does not, this
means the autorun is not functioning. Start the autorun manually by click-
ing the Start button, selecting Run, and typing D:\setup.exe (if “D” is your
PC’s CD-ROM drive). Click the Setup button to run the Setup Wizard.
Clicking the User Guide button opened this User Guide. To access the
Linksys website on an active Internet connection, click the LINKSYS
WEB button, or to exit this Setup Wizard, click the Exit button.
Now that the hardware installation is complete, proceed to “Chapter 5: Setting
Up the Wireless Network Access Point” for directions on how to set up the
Access Point.
Note: In order for all other wireless devices to communicate with
the Access Point, those devices must be operating in the infrastruc-
ture mode. If any wireless devices are configured in the ad-hoc
mode, they will not be recognized by the Access Point.
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Wireless Network Access Point
4. The next screen to appear, shown in Figure 5-3, will display a list of access
points on your network, along with the status information for each access
point. If there is only one access point on your network, it will be the only
one displayed. If there are more than one displayed, select the Access Point
by clicking on it, and click the Yes button to continue or No to exit the Setup
Wizard.
Figure 5-1
3. You can configure the Access Point through any PC connected to your
Ethernet network. Make sure the Access Point is connected to one of your
network switches or hubs. Click the Next button to continue or Exit to exit
the Setup Wizard.
Figure 5-3
5. On the Enter Network Password screen, enter the default password, admin,
in the Password field. Then click the OK button. For added security,
remember to change this password later through the Web-based Utility’s
Password screen.
Figure 5-2
Figure 5-4
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6. As shown in Figure 5-5, the IP Settings screen will appear next. Enter an IP
Address and Subnet Mask appropriate to your network. Then enter a unique
name in the AP Name field. Click the Next button to continue or Back to return
to the previous page.
7. As shown in Figure 5-6, the Basic Settings screen will now appear. Enter
your wireless network’s SSID, and select the channel at which the network
broadcasts its wireless signal. Then, click the Next button to continue or
Back to return to the previous page.
Figure 5-5
Figure 5-6
• IP Address. This IP address must be unique to your network. (The
default IP address is 192.168.1.251.) As this is a private IP address, there
is no need to purchase a separate IP address from your service provider.
• SSID. The SSID is the unique name shared among all points in a wireless
network. The SSID must be identical for all points in the wireless net-
work. It is case-sensitive and must not exceed 32 characters, which may
be any keyboard character. Make sure this setting is the same for all
points in your wireless network.
• Subnet Mask. The Access Point’s Subnet Mask must be the same as your
Ethernet network.
• Channel. Select the appropriate channel from the list provided to corre-
spond with your network settings. All points in your wireless network
must use the same channel in order to function correctly.
• AP Name. You may assign any name to the Access Point. Unique, mem-
orable names are helpful, especially if you are using multiple access
points on the same wireless network.
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8. The Security Settings screen (Figure 5-7) will appear next. From this
screen, you will set the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption for
your wireless network. Select a WEP configuration method and a
passphrase. Click the Next button to continue or Back to return to the pre-
vious page.
9. The second Security Settings screen, shown in Figure 5-8, shows the WEP
key. If you entered a passphrase, then the Key 1 field will display the auto-
matically generated WEP key. If you did not enter a passphrase, then enter
a WEP key in the Key 1 field. Each point in your wireless network must use
the same WEP key for the network to function properly. Click the Next but-
ton to continue or Back to return to the previous page.
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-8
• WEP (Disable/64-bit (10 hex digits)/128-bit 26 hex digits). In order to
utilize WEP encryption, select the WEP setting from the pull-down
menu, 64-bit (10 hex digits) or 128-bit (26 hex digits). If you do not
wish to utilize WEP encryption, make sure Disabled is selected. The
Access Point’s WEP encryption is unique to Linksys and may conflict
with other vendors’ WEP encryption.
• Key 1. WEP keys enable you to create an encryption scheme for wire-
less LAN transmissions. If the WEP key hasn’t been automatically gen-
erated, then manually enter a set of values. (Do not leave the field blank,
and do not enter all zeroes. These are not valid key values.) If you are
using 64-bit WEP encryption, then each key must consist of exactly 10
hexadecimal characters in length. If you are using 128-bit WEP encryp-
tion, then each key must consist of exactly 26 hexadecimal characters in
length. Valid hexadecimal characters are “0”-“9” and “A”-“F”.
• Passphrase. Instead of manually entering WEP keys, you can enter a
Passphrase. This Passphrase is used to generate one or more WEP keys.
It is case-sensitive and should not be longer than 16 alphanumeric char-
acters. (The Passphrase function is compatible with Linksys wireless
products only. If you want to communicate with non-Linksys wireless
products, you will need to enter your WEP keys manually on the non-
Linksys wireless products.)
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10. The next screen (Figure 5-9) will allow you to review your settings. If these
settings are correct, click the Yes button to save these settings. If there are
any problems with the settings, click the No button to exit the Setup Wizard.
Chapter 6: Configuring the
Wireless Network Access Point
Note: The Access Point is designed to function properly after
using the Setup Wizard. This chapter is provided solely for those
who wish to perform more advanced configuration or monitoring.
The Access Point has been designed to be functional right out of the box, with
the default settings in the Setup Wizard. However, if you’d like to change these
settings, the Access Point can be configured through your web browser with the
Web-based Utility. This chapter explains how to configure the Access Point in
this manner.
Open your web browser and type the
IP Address you entered in the Setup
Wizard (the default IP address is
192.168.1.251). Press the Enter key
and the following screen, shown in
Figure 6-1, will appear. Leave the
User Name field blank. The first time
you open the Web-based Utility, use
the default password admin. You can
set a new password on the Password
screen shown in Figure 6-7.
Figure 5-9
10. At this point, the configuration performed with the Setup Wizard is com-
plete, as shown in Figure 5-10. To configure any other access points in your
network, you can run this Setup Wizard again. Click the Exit button to exit
the Setup Wizard.
Figure 6-1
The Setup Tab
The first screen that appears, shown in Figure 6-2, is the Setup tab. This allows
you to change the Access Point’s general settings. Change these settings as
described here, and click the Apply button to apply your changes or Cancel to
cancel your changes. If you require online help, click the Help button.
•
Firmware Version. This displays the current version of the Access Point’s
firmware. Firmware should only be upgraded if you experience problems
with the Access Point and can be upgraded from the Help tab.
Figure 5-10
•
AP Name. You may assign any name to the Access Point. Unique, memo-
rable names are helpful, especially if you are employing multiple access
points on the same network. Verify this is the name you wish to use and
click the Apply button to set it.
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•
•
Obtain an IP Address Automatically. Click this radio button to allow the
Access Point to obtain a dynamic IP address from a DHCP server.
•
SSID. The SSID is the unique name shared among all points in a wireless
network. The SSID must be identical for all points in the wireless network.
It is case-sensitive and must not exceed 32 alphanumeric characters, which
may be any keyboard character. Make sure this setting is the same for all
points in your wireless network.
Specify an IP Address. This IP address must be unique to your network.
We suggest you use the default IP address of 192.168.1.251. As this is a pri-
vate IP address, there is no need to purchase a separate IP address from
your service provider. Verify the address and click the Apply button to save
changes.
•
•
Channel. Select the appropriate channel from the list provided to corre-
spond with your network settings. All points in your wireless network must
use the same channel in order to function correctly.
•
•
Subnet Mask. The Access Point’s Subnet Mask (or IP Mask) must be the
same as your Ethernet network. Verify this is correct and click the Apply
button to set it.
WEP. The WEP Encryption method is set to Disable by default. To enable
WEP, click the Mandatory radio button, and then click the WEP Key
Setting button to configure the WEP settings.
Gateway. If you have assigned a static IP address to the Access Point, then
enter the IP address of your network’s Gateway, such as a router, in the
Gateway field. If your network does not have a Gateway, then leave this
field blank.
SETTING WEP ENCRYPTION:
If the Disable radio button is
selected and you click the WEP
Key Setting button, then the screen
shown in Figure 6-3 will appear.
Click the OK button to enable
WEP encryption or Cancel to
return to the Setup screen.
Figure 6-3
Set WEP Encryption through the Web-based Utility by clicking the WEP Key
Setting button on the Setup screen as shown in Figure 6-2.
This will open the WEP Key Setting screen, Figure 6-4. From this screen, you
can select the type of WEP encryption to use and set the Passphrase for that
encryption.
From the pull-down menu at the top of the screen, select 64-bit or 128-bit WEP
encryption.
The Mode pull-down menu will allow you to set the Passphrase in hexadecimal
or ASCII characters. Hexadecimal characters on your keyboard are the letters
“A” through “F” and the numbers “0” through “9”, while ASCII characters are
any character on your keyboard.
Important: Always remember that each point in your wireless net-
work MUST use the same WEP encryption method and encryption
key, or else your wireless network will not function properly.
Figure 6-2
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less clients. A separate network attached to the Access Point Client can then
be wirelessly bridged to the remote access point. Enter the required LAN
MAC address of the remote access point in the Remote AP MAC Address
field.
•
Wireless Bridge - If you are trying to make a wireless connection between
two wired networks, as shown in Figure 6-5, select Wireless Bridge. This
mode connects two physically separated wired networks with two access
points.
To configure a Wireless Bridge environment, click Wireless Bridge and
enter the LAN MAC address of the remote access point in the Remote
Bridge MAC Address field. The remote access point also needs to be set up
as a Wireless Bridge.
Figure 6-4
Note: All devices on each wired network must be connected through a hub
or switch.
There are two ways to create WEP encryption keys. The first method is by typ-
ing a Passphrase into that field and clicking the Generate button. This will
generate WEP encryption keys based upon that passphrase. A second method
is to manually enter the WEP encryption keys in the available fields.
Note: In Wireless Bridge mode, the Access Point can ONLY be
accessed by another access point in Wireless Bridge mode. In order
for your other wireless devices to access the Access Point, you must
reset it to Access Point mode. The two modes are mutually exclusive.
Click the Clear button to clear the Passphrase and Key 1-4 fields.
In the Default TX Key drop-down menu, select the number of the key you want
to use.
Click the Apply button to apply your changes, or click Undo to cancel your
most recent change.
SETTING THE AP MODE:
The Access Point offers four modes of operation: Access Point, Access Point
Client, Wireless Bridge, and Wireless Bridge Point to MultiPoint. For all bridg-
ing modes, make sure the channel, SSID, and WEP keys are the same.
•
Access Point - The Operational Mode is set to Access Point by default.
This connects your wireless PCs to a wired network. In most cases, no
change is necessary.
Figure 6-5
•
Access Point Client - When set to Access Point Client mode, the Access
Point Client is able to talk to one remote access point within its range. This
mode allows the Access Point Client to act as a client of a remote access
point. The Access Point Client cannot communicate directly with any wire-
•
Wireless Bridge Point to MultiPoint- If you are trying to make a wireless
connection between more than two wired networks, as shown in Figure 6-6,
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select Wireless Bridge Point to MultiPoint. This mode allows you to con-
struct a network that has multiple access points bridging wirelessly.
The Password Tab
The Password tab, shown in Figure 6-7, allows you to change the Access Point’s
password and restore factory defaults.
To configure a Wireless Bridge Point to MultiPoint environment, click
Wireless Bridge Point to MultiPoint for the access point used in LAN 1.
No MAC address binding is needed. Then, set the access points in LAN 2
and LAN 3 to Wireless Bridge, and have them look for the MAC address of
the access point in LAN 1.
Changing the password for the Access Point is as easy as typing the password
into the AP Password field. Then, type it again into the second field to confirm.
To restore the Access Point’s factory default settings, click the Yes button
beside Restore Factory Defaults.
Only one of the access points must be in Point to MultiPoint mode. For all
other bridged access points, select the Wireless Bridge option, and enter
the Remote LAN MAC Address of the Access Point set to Point to
MultiPoint.
Important: Restoring the Access Point’s factory defaults will erase
all of your settings (WEP Encryption, Wireless and LAN settings,
etc.), replacing them with the factory defaults. Do not reset the
Access Point if you want to retain these settings
Note: Linksys recommends bridging no more than three remote
LANs in Wireless Bridge Point to MultiPoint mode. Bridging addi-
tional remote LANs will result in a significant decrease in bandwidth.
Figure 6-7
Click the Apply button to apply your changes or Cancel to cancel your
changes. If you require online help, click the Help button.
Figure 6-6
•
Backup and Restore. Clicking the Backup button will store the Access
Point’s configuration to your PC’s hard drive. You can restore this informa-
tion by clicking the Restore button.
Click the Apply button to apply your changes or Cancel to cancel your
changes. If you require online help, click the Help button.
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•
•
Gateway. This displays the IP address of your network’s Gateway.
The Status Tab
The Status tab, shown in Figure 6-8, will display current information on the
Send and Recv. The Send and Recv fields display the number of success-
Access Point, its settings, and its performance.
ful or dropped packets that have been sent or received.
Wireless
•
•
SSID. The unique name shared among all points in your wireless network
is displayed here.
Encryption Function. The encryption method you chose in the Setup
Wizard or changed from the Setup tab of this Web-based Utility is displayed
here.
•
•
Channel. The wireless channel shared by all wireless devices connected to
this Access Point is displayed here.
Send and Recv. The Send and Recv fields display the number of success-
ful or dropped packets that have been sent or received. Some packet loss is
normal in wireless networking.
Figure 6-8
•
Firmware Version. This displays the current version of the Access Point’s
firmware. Firmware should only be upgraded if you experience problems
with the Access Point and can be upgraded from the Help tab.
LAN
•
•
IP Address. This IP address is the unique IP address of the Access Point.
Subnet Mask. The Access Point’s Subnet Mask (also known as an IP
Mask), matches the Subnet Mask of your Ethernet network.
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The Log Tab
The Help Tab
To view a log of the Access Point’s activity, select the Log tab, shown in Figure
6-9.
For help on the various tabs in this Web-based Utility, along with upgrading the
Access Point’s firmware and viewing this User Guide, click the Help tab,
shown in Figure 6-10.
The help files for the various tabs in this Web-based Utility are listed by tab
name on the lefthand side of the screen.
Figure 6-9
To enable permanent logging activity, click the Enable radio button beside
Access Log. The default setting for this function is Disable.
If you have chosen to monitor the Access Point’s traffic, then you can designate
a PC that will receive permanent log files periodically. In the Send Log to field,
enter the IP address of this PC. To view these permanent logs, you must use
Logviewer software, which can be downloaded free of charge from
Figure 6-10
Click the Linksys Website link to connect to the Linksys homepage for
Knowledgebase help files and information about other Linksys products, pro-
vided you have an active Internet connection.
To see a temporary log of the Access Point’s most recent activities, click the
View Log button.
For an Online manual in PDF format, click that text link. The User Guide will
appear in Adobe pdf format. If you do not have the Adobe PDF Reader installed
on your computer, click the Adobe Website link or go to the Setup Wizard CD-
ROM to download this software. (To access the Adobe website, you will need an
active Internet connection.) To download from the CD-ROM, click the Start but-
ton and select Run. Type D:\Acrobat (if “D” is the letter of your CD-ROM drive).
Click the Apply button to apply your changes or Cancel to cancel your
changes. If you require online help, click the Help button.
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for free. If the Access Point is not experiencing difficulties, then there is no
need to download a more recent firmware version, unless that version has a
new feature that you want to use. Loading new firmware does not always
enhance the speed or quality of your Internet connection.
Note: When you upgrade the Access Point’s firmware, you may
lose the Access Point’s current configuration settings.
To upgrade the Access Point’s firmware:
1. Download the firmware upgrade file from the Linksys website.
2. Extract the firmware upgrade file.
3. Click the Upgrade Firmware button on the Help screen.
4. Enter the location of the firmware upgrade file in the File Path field, or
click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file.
5. Double-click the firmware upgrade file.
6. Click the Upgrade button, and follow the on-screen instructions.
Click the Cancel button to cancel the firmware upgrade.
Figure 6-11
Then, type the MAC Address(es) you wish to filter in the MAC Address fields.
The Filter Tab
To access the Filter tab, first click the Advanced tab. The Filter tab, shown in
Figure 6-11, allows you to control which computers may or may not commu-
nicate with the Access Point—depending on their MAC addresses.
When you’ve completed making any changes on this tab, click the Apply but-
ton to save those changes or Undo to cancel your changes. For more informa-
tion on this tab, click the Help button.
To enable filtering of computers by their MAC Addresses, click the Enable
radio button. To disable this feature, click the Disable radio button.
Next, determine if the Access Point will deny access only to the MAC address-
es you will specify, OR if the Access Point will allow access only to the MAC
Addresses you will specify. Click the radio button next to the option that is
appropriate.
Above the MAC Address fields, there is a pull-down menu. This pull-down
menu is for selecting the number of computers on your wireless network. For
computers one through ten on your wireless network, 1~10 is selected by
default. If you have more than ten computers on your wireless network, use this
pull-down menu to select 11~20, 21~30, etc., up to a maximum of 50 MAC
Addresses.
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•
RTS Threshold. This value should remain at its default setting of 2346.
Should you encounter inconsistent data flow, only minor reductions are rec-
ommended.
The Wireless Tab
•
Fragmentation Threshold. This value specifies the maximum size for a
packet before data is fragmented into multiple packets. It should remain at
its default setting of 2346. A smaller setting means smaller packets, which
will create more packets for each transmission. Only minor reductions of
this value are recommended.
•
DTIM Interval. This value indicates the interval of the Delivery Traffic
Indication Message (DTIM). A DTIM field is a countdown field informing
clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and multicast mes-
sages. When the Access Point has buffered broadcast or multicast messages
for associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value.
Access Point Clients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast
and multicast messages.
•
•
Basic Rates. The basic rate is the minimum speed at which a wireless client
is allowed to connect to the Access Point.
Transmission Rates. The transmission rates should be set depending on the
speed of your wireless network. You must select 1-2 (Mbps) if you have
older 802.11 compliant equipment on your network, such as wireless
adapters that support only 1 or 2 Mbps. Selecting 1-2 (Mbps), however,
does NOT limit the transmission rates of faster adapters.
Figure 6-12
•
Preamble Type. The preamble defines the length of the CRC block for
communication between the Access Point and a roaming wireless network
adapter. (High network traffic areas should use the shorter preamble type.)
Select the appropriate preamble type and click the Apply button to set it.
All wireless points (nodes) on your network should use the same preamble
type.
Before making any changes to the Wireless tab, shown in Figure 6-12, please
check your wireless settings on your other systems, as these changes will alter
the effectiveness of the Access Point. In most cases, these wireless settings do
not need to be changed.
•
Beacon Interval. This value indicates the frequency interval of the beacon.
A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Access Point to keep the network syn-
chronized. A beacon includes the wireless LAN service area, the AP
address, the Broadcast destination addresses, a time stamp, Delivery Traffic
Indicator Maps, and the Traffic Indicator Message (TIM).
•
•
Authentication Type. You may choose between Open System, Shared
Key, and Both. The Authentication Type default is set to Open System.
Shared Key is when both the sender and the recipient share a secret key. All
points on your network must use the same authentication type. It is recom-
mended that you use the default setting.
Antenna Selection. This selection is for choosing which antenna transmits
data. By default, the Diversity Antenna selection, used to increase recep-
tion, is chosen.
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•
SSID Broadcast. For security purposes, this selection can be disabled,
allowing only those wireless network adapters with the Access Point’s SSID
to communicate with the Access Point. By default, this selection is enabled,
allowing all wireless network adapters in your wireless network to commu-
nicate with the Access Point.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This chapter provides a list of questions and answers regarding the operation of
the Access Point. Read the description below to solve your problems. If you
Important: The Access Point will not be recognized by “site-sur-
vey” utilities, such as the Microsoft® Windows® XP Zero
Configuration Utility, if SSID Broadcast is disabled.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can the Access Point act as my DHCP Server?
No. The Access Point is nothing more than a wireless hub, and as such, cannot
be configured to handle DHCP capabilities.
When you’ve completed making any changes on this tab, click the Apply but-
ton to save those changes or Cancel to cancel your changes. For more infor-
mation on this tab, you can click the Help button.
Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network?
This will depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used over
a network. Consult the application’s user guide to determine if it supports oper-
ation over a network.
Can I play multiplayer games with other users of the wireless network?
Yes, as long as the game supports multiple players over a LAN (local area net-
work). Refer to the game’s user guide for more information.
What is the IEEE 802.11b standard?
It is one of the IEEE standards for wireless networks. The 802.11b standard
allows wireless networking hardware from different manufacturers to commu-
nicate, provided that the hardware complies with the 802.11b standard. The
802.11b standard states a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps and an oper-
ating frequency of 2.4GHz.
What IEEE 802.11b features are supported?
The product supports the following IEEE 802.11 functions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol
Multi-Channel Roaming
Automatic Rate Selection
RTS/CTS feature
Fragmentation
Power Management
What is ad-hoc mode?
When a wireless network is set to ad-hoc mode, the wireless-equipped com-
puters are configured to communicate directly with each other. The ad-hoc
wireless network will not communicate with any wired network.
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What is infrastructure mode?
What is Spread Spectrum?
When a wireless network is set to infrastructure mode, the wireless network is
configured to communicate with a wired network through a wireless access
point.
Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique devel-
oped by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-critical communica-
tions systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for reliability,
integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the
case of narrowband transmission, but the trade-off produces a signal that is, in
effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the receiver knows the
parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is not
tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background
noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
(DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
What is roaming?
Roaming is the ability of a portable computer user to communicate continu-
ously while moving freely throughout an area greater than that covered by a
single wireless network access point. Before using the roaming function, the
workstation must make sure that it is the same channel number as the wireless
network access point of the dedicated coverage area.
To achieve true seamless connectivity, the wireless LAN must incorporate a
number of different functions. Each node and wireless network access point,
for example, must always acknowledge receipt of each message. Each node
must maintain contact with the wireless network even when not actually trans-
mitting data. Achieving these functions simultaneously requires a dynamic RF
networking technology that links wireless network access points and nodes. In
such a system, the user’s end node undertakes a search for the best possible
access to the system. First, it evaluates such factors as signal strength and qual-
ity, as well as the message load currently being carried by each wireless net-
work access point and the distance of each wireless network access point to the
wired backbone. Based on that information, the node next selects the right
wireless network access point and registers its address. Communications
between end node and host computer can then be transmitted up and down the
backbone.
What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences?
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that
changes frequency in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver.
Properly synchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel. To
an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise.
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for
each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code).
The longer the chip, the greater the probability that the original data can be
recovered. Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmis-
sion, statistical techniques embedded in the radio can recover the original data
without the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appears
as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband
receivers.
Would the information be intercepted while transmitting on air?
As the user moves on, the end node’s RF transmitter regularly checks the sys-
tem to determine whether it is in touch with the original wireless network
access point or whether it should seek a new one. When a node no longer
receives acknowledgment from its original wireless network access point, it
undertakes a new search. Upon finding a new wireless network access point, it
then re-registers, and the communication process continues.
Instant Wireless products feature two-fold protection in security. On the hard-
ware side, as with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum technology, it has the
inherent security feature of scrambling. On the software side, Instant Wireless
products offer the encryption function (WEP) to enhance security and access
control. Users can set it up depending upon their needs.
Can Instant Wireless products support file and printer sharing?
What is ISM band?
Instant Wireless products perform the same function as LAN products.
Therefore, Instant Wireless products can work with NetWare, Windows
NT/2000, or other LAN operating systems to support printer or file sharing.
The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set aside bandwidth
for unlicensed use in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band.
Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is being made available
worldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place convenient
high speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around the globe.
What is WEP?
WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a 40/64
bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
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What is a MAC Address?
Appendix B: Setting Up the TCP/IP
Protocol
Setting Up TCP/IP in Windows
The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique number assigned by the
manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such as a network adapter,
that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level. For all practical pur-
poses, this number is usually permanent. Unlike IP addresses, which can
change every time a computer logs on to the network, the MAC address of a
device stays the same, making it a valuable identifier for the network.
Before a computer can communicate with the Access Point, it must be config-
ured with the TCP/IP protocol. If you know how to set up TCP/IP on your com-
puters, do so now. Otherwise, use the guidelines below to help get TCP/IP
installed on all of the computers that need to communicate with the Access
Point. If you are unable to successfully install TCP/IP on one or more comput-
ers after following the directions, contact the manufacturer of your computer’s
network operating system for further assistance. Check with your network
administrator for your TCP/IP settings.
The directions below provide general guidelines for coming up with IP address-
es and subnet masks. Check with your network administrator to see if you need
to use specific IP addresses or DHCP settings.
First, each computer on the network will require an IP address, which is a series
of numbers, separated by periods, identifying the PC on the network. To make
things simple, it is recommended you use the following numbering scheme:
192.168.1.X
In this example, X is a unique, arbitrarily assigned number from 1 to 254. Each
computer must have its own unique X number. Note: Never use 0 or 255 for X.
These numbers are reserved by TCP/IP for other uses.
For example, if you have three computers, you could number them as follows:
192.168.1.17
192.168.1.44
192.168.1.126
In this case, 17, 44, and 126 are arbitrary numbers between 1 and 254.
Each computer will also require a subnet mask, which is a numerical “filter”
that tells a computer what kinds of TCP/IP data packets to accept. If you’re not
sure which mask to use, the following mask is recommended:
255.255.255.0
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The following instructions are provided as examples for reference only. For
complete instructions on installing and troubleshooting TCP/IP, consult your
Windows operating system documentation.
TCP/IP Setup for Windows 2000
1. At the Windows 2000 desktop, right-click My Network Places. Then,
right-click Local Area Connection. Choose Properties.
TCP/IP Setup for Windows 98 and Millennium
1. Click the Start button, and select Settings. Open the Control Panel. Inside
2. If the TCP/IP Protocol is listed for your network adapter, go to step five.
the Control Panel, double-click the Network icon.
Otherwise, click the Install button.
2. If the TCP/IP Protocol is listed for your network adapter, go to step five.
3. When the Component Type window appears, select Protocol, and click the
Otherwise, click the Add button.
Install button.
3. When the Component Type window appears, select Protocol, and click the
4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) from the list, and click the OK button.
Add button.
5. When the Network window reappears, select TCP/IP, and click the
4. Select Microsoft in the Manufacturers list and choose TCP/IP in the
Properties button.
Network Protocols list. Then, click the OK button.
6. Select Use the following IP Address.
5. When the Network window reappears, click TCP/IP, and then click the
Properties button.
7. Enter an IP Address for the computer, along with a Subnet Mask and
Default Gateway. Then, click the OK button. If you do not have these val-
ues, consult your network administrator.
6. Select Specify an IP Address.
7. Enter an IP Address for the computer, along with a Subnet Mask. Click the
OK button. If you do not have these values, consult your network adminis-
trator.
8. When the Network window reappears, click the OK button. Restart your
computer. TCP/IP has now been successfully installed.
8. When the Network window reappears, click the OK button. Restart your
machine. TCP/IP has now been successfully installed.
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TCP/IP Setup for Windows XP
Appendix C: Glossary
Adapter - Printed circuit board that plugs into a PC to add to capabilities or
connectivity to a PC. In a networked environment, a network interface card is
the typical adapter that allows the PC or server to connect to the intranet and/or
Internet.
1. At the Windows XP desktop, click Start. Then click the Control Panel
icon. Click Network and Internet Connections. Click Network
Connections. Then double-click the appropriate Local Area Connection,
and click the Properties button.
2. If the TCP/IP Protocol is listed for your network adapter, go to step five.
Otherwise, click the Install button.
Ad-hoc Network - An ad-hoc network is a group of computers, each with a
wireless adapter, connected as an independent 802.11 wireless LAN. Ad-hoc
wireless computers operate on a peer-to-peer basis, communicating directly
with each other without the use of an access point. Ad-hoc mode is also
referred to as an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) or as peer-to-peer
mode, and is useful at a departmental scale or SOHO operation.
3. Select Protocol, and then click the Add button.
4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) from the list, and click the OK button.
5. Select TCP/IP, and click the Properties button.
6. Select Use the following IP Address.
Backbone - The part of a network that connects most of the systems and net-
works together and handles the most data.
7. Enter an IP address for the computer, along with a Subnet mask and Default
gateway address. Then, click the OK button. If you do not have these val-
ues, consult your network administrator.
Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given facility, in terms of how
much data the facility can transmit in a fixed amount of time; expressed in bits
per second (bps).
8. When you’re finished, click the Close button. Restart your computer.
Beacon Interval - A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Access Point to keep
the network synchronized. A beacon includes the wireless LAN service area,
the AP address, the Broadcast destination addresses, a time stamp, Delivery
Traffic Indicator Maps, and the Traffic Indicator Message (TIM).
TCP/IP has now been successfully installed.
Bit - A binary digit. The value - 0 or 1-used in the binary numbering system.
Also, the smallest form of data.
Browser - A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at
and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web or PC. The word
“browser” seems to have originated prior to the Web as a generic term for user
interfaces that let you browse text files online.
BSS (Basic Service Set) - An infrastructure network connecting wireless
devices to a wired network using a single access point.
Buffer - A buffer is a shared or assigned memory area used by hardware
devices or program processes that operate at different speeds or with different
sets of priorities. The buffer allows each device or process to operate without
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being held up by the other. In order for a buffer to be effective, the size of the
buffer and the algorithms for moving data into and out of the buffer need to be
considered by the buffer designer. Like a cache, a buffer is a "midpoint holding
place” but exists not so much to accelerate the speed of an activity as to sup-
port the coordination of separate activities.
DHCP supports static addresses for computers containing Web servers that
need a permanent IP address.
Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network. In a communications
session, download means receive, upload means transmit.
CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) - In local
area networking, this is the CSMA technique that combines slotted time-divi-
sion multiplexing with carrier sense multiple access/collision detection
(CSMA/CD) to avoid having collisions occur a second time. This works best if
the time allocated is short compared to packet length and if the number of sit-
uations is small.
Driver - A workstation or server software module that provides an interface
between a device and the upper-layer protocol software running in the comput-
er; it is designed for a specific device, and is installed during the initial instal-
lation of a network-compatible client or server operating system.
DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum) - DSSS generates a redundant bit
pattern for all transmitted data. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping
code). Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission,
statistical techniques embedded in the receiver can recover the original data
without the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appears
as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband
receivers. However, to an intended receiver (i.e. another wireless LAN end-
point), the DSSS signal is recognized as the only valid signal, and interference
is inherently rejected (ignored).
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) - The LAN
access method used in Ethernet. When a device wants to gain access to the net-
work, it checks to see if the network is quiet (senses the carrier). If it is not, it
waits a random amount of time before retrying. If the network is quiet and two
devices access the line at exactly the same time, their signals collide. When the
collision is detected, they both back off and each wait a random amount of time
before retrying.
Database - A database is a collection of data that is organized so that its con-
tents can easily be accessed, managed, and updated.
DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) - A DTIM field is a countdown
field informing clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and mul-
ticast messages. When the AP has buffered broadcast or multicast messages for
associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. AP
Clients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicast
messages.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A protocol that lets network
administrators manage centrally and automate the assignment of Internet
Protocol (IP) addresses in an organization's network. Using the Internet's set of
protocol (TCP/IP), each machine that can connect to the Internet needs a
unique IP address. When an organization sets up its computer users with a con-
nection to the Internet, an IP address must be assigned to each machine.
Without DHCP, the IP address must be entered manually at each computer and,
if computers move to another location in another part of the network, a new IP
address must be entered. DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and dis-
tribute IP addresses from a central point and automatically sends a new IP
address when a computer is plugged into a different place in the network.
Dynamic IP Address - An IP address that is automatically assigned to a client
station in a TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP server. Network devices that
serve multiple users, such as servers and printers, are usually assigned static IP
addresses.
Encryption - A security method that applies a specific algorithm to data in
order to alter the data's appearance and prevent other devices from reading the
information.
DHCP uses the concept of a “lease” or amount of time that a given IP address
will be valid for a computer. The lease time can vary depending on how long a
user is likely to require the Internet connection at a particular location. It's espe-
cially useful in education and other environments where users change fre-
quently. Using very short leases, DHCP can dynamically reconfigure networks
in which there are more computers than there are available IP addresses.
ESS (Extended Service Set) - A set of more than two or more BSSs (multiple
access points) forming a single network.
Ethernet - IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed
on and retrieved from a common transmission medium. Has a transfer rate of
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10 Mbps. Forms the underlying transport vehicle used by several upper-level
protocols, including TCP/IP and XNS.
Infrastructure Network - An infrastructure network is a group of computers
or other devices, each with a wireless adapter, connected as an 802.11 wireless
LAN. In infrastructure mode, the wireless devices communicate with each
other and to a wired network by first going through an access point. An infra-
structure wireless network connected to a wired network is referred to as a
Basic Service Set (BSS). A set of two or more BSS in a single network is
referred to as an Extended Service Set (ESS). Infrastructure mode is useful at
a corporation scale, or when it is necessary to connect the wired and wireless
networks.
FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) - FHSS continuously changes
the center frequency of a conventional carrier several times per second accord-
ing to a pseudo-random set of channels, while chirp spread spectrum changes
the carrier frequency. Because a fixed frequency is not used, illegal monitoring
of spread spectrum signals is extremely difficult, if not downright impossible
depending on the particular method.
Firmware - Code that is written onto read-only memory (ROM) or program-
mable read-only memory (PROM). Once firmware has been written onto the
ROM or PROM, it is retained even when the device is turned off.
IP Address - In the most widely installed level of the Internet Protocol
(Internet Protocol) today, an IP address is a 32-binary digit number that identi-
fies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packet across the
Internet. When you request an HTML page or send e-mail, the Internet
Protocol part of TCP/IP includes your IP address in the message (actually, in
each of the packets if more than one is required) and sends it to the IP address
that is obtained by looking up the domain name in the Uniform Resource
Locator you requested or in the e-mail address you're sending a note to. At the
other end, the recipient can see the IP address of the Web page requestor or the
e-mail sender and can respond by sending another message using the IP address
it received.
Fragmentation - Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over
a network medium that cannot support the original size of the packet.
Gateway - A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible
communications protocols.
Hardware - Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunica-
tions, and other information technology devices. The term arose as a way to dis-
tinguish the “box” and the electronic circuitry and components of a computer
from the program you put in it to make it do things. The program came to be
known as the software.
ISM band - The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set aside
bandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical)
band. Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is being made avail-
able worldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place con-
venient high-speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around the globe.
Hub - The device that serves as the central location for attaching wires from
workstations. Can be passive, where there is no amplification of the signals; or
active, where the hubs are used like repeaters to provide an extension of the
cable that connects to a workstation.
LAN - A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated
devices that share a common communications line and typically share the
resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area (for
example, within an office building).
IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - The IEEE
describes itself as “the world's largest technical professional society, promoting
the development and application of electrotechnology and allied sciences for
the benefit of humanity, the advancement of the profession, and the well-being
of our members.”
MAC (Media Access Control) Address - A unique number assigned by the
manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such as a network adapter,
that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level.
The IEEE fosters the development of standards that often become national and
international standards. The organization publishes a number of journals, has
many local chapters, and several large societies in special areas, such as the
IEEE Computer Society.
Mbps (MegaBits Per Second) - One million bits per second; unit of measure-
ment for data transmission.
Multicasting - Sending data to a group of nodes instead of a single destination.
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Network - A system that transmits any combination of voice, video and/or data
between users.
Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs
a particular task is called a “program.” The two major categories of software are
“system software” and “application software.” System software is made up of
control programs such as the operating system and database management sys-
tem (DBMS). Application software is any program that processes data for the
user.
Node - A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work
station.
Packet - A unit of data routed between an origin and a destination in a network.
A common misconception is that software is data. It is not. Software tells the
hardware how to process the data.
Passphrase - Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP
encryption process by automatically generating the WEP encryption keys for
Linksys products.
SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) - Market segment of professionals who
work at home or in small offices.
PC Card - A credit-card sized removable module that contains memory, I/O,
or a hard disk.
Spread Spectrum - Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequen-
cy technique developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-crit-
ical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency
for reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is con-
sumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade off produces
a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the
receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast.
If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks
like background noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
Port - A pathway into and out of the computer or a network device such as a
switch or router. For example, the serial and parallel ports on a personal com-
puter are external sockets for plugging in communications lines, modems and
printers.
RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) - A connector similar to a telephone connector that
holds up to eight wires, used for connecting Ethernet devices.
Roaming - In an infrastructure mode wireless network, this refers to the abili-
ty to move out of one access point's range and into another and transparently
reassociate and reauthenticate to the new access point. This reassociation and
reauthentication should occur without user intervention and ideally without
interruption to network connectivity. A typical scenario would be a location
with multiple access points, where users can physically relocate from one area
to another and easily maintain connectivity.
SSID (Service Set Identifier) - A unique name shared among all points in a
wireless network. The SSID must be identical for each point in the wireless
network and is case-sensitive. Also known as “ESSID.”
Static IP Address - A permanent IP address that is assigned to a node in an IP
or a TCP/IP network.
Router - Protocol-dependent device that connects subnetworks together.
Routers are useful in breaking down a very large network into smaller subnet-
works; they introduce longer delays and typically have much lower throughput
rates than bridges.
Subnet Mask - The method used for splitting IP networks into a series of sub-
groups, or subnets. The mask is a binary pattern that is matched up with the IP
address to turn part of the host ID address field into a field for subnets.
Switch - 1. A data switch connects computing devices to host computers,
allowing a large number of devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. A
device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical cir-
cuit.
RTS (Request To Send) - An RS-232 signal sent from the transmitting station
to the receiving station requesting permission to transmit.
Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access
to files, printing, communications, and other services.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along with
the IP (Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units (datagram)
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between network devices over a LAN or WAN. While IP takes care of handling
the actual delivery of the data (routing), TCP takes care of keeping track of the
individual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for effi-
cient delivery over the network. TCP is known as a "connection oriented" pro-
tocol due to requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment of
receipt to the sender of the packet resulting in transmission control.
Appendix D: Specifications
Standards
IEEE 802.3 (10BaseT),
IEEE 802.11b (Wireless)
Channels
11 Channels (US, Canada)
13 Channels (most of Europe)
14 Channels (Japan)
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - The basic com-
munication language or set of protocols for communications over a network
(developed specifically for the Internet). TCP/IP defines a suite or group of
protocols and not only TCP and IP.
Ports
One 10BaseT RJ-45 Port
Throughput - The amount of data moved successfully from one place to anoth-
er in a given time period.
Cabling Type
Data Rate
LEDs
UTP Category 5 or better
Topology - A network's topology is a logical characterization of how the
devices on the network are connected and the distances between them. The
most common network devices include hubs, switches, routers, and gateways.
Most large networks contain several levels of interconnection, the most impor-
tant of which include edge connections, backbone connections, and wide-area
connections.
Up to 11Mbps (Wireless), 10Mbps (Ethernet)
Power, Act, Link (Wired - Link/Activity)
18 dBm
Transmit
Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Receive Sensitivity -84 dBm
Upload - To transmit a file over a network. In a communications session,
upload means transmit, download means receive.
Modulation
DSSS, BPSK, QPSK, CCK
UTP - Unshielded twisted pair is the most common kind of copper telephone
wiring. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many
business computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electro-
magnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are
twisted around each other. Each signal on twisted pair requires both wires.
Since some telephone sets or desktop locations require multiple connections,
twisted pair is sometimes installed in two or more pairs, all within a single
cable.
Network Protocols TCP/IP
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A data privacy mechanism based on a 64-
bit, 128-bit, or 256-bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11
standard.
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Environmental
Appendix E: Warranty
Information
Dimensions
186 mm x 154 mm x 48 mm (7.31" x 6.16" x 1.88")
5V, 2.5 A
Power
LIMITED WARRANTY
Linksys guarantees that every Wireless Network Access Point is free from physical
defects in material and workmanship for two years from the date of purchase (Africa,
Europe and Latin America only, other regions may have a different warranty period),
when used within the limits set forth in the Specifications section of this User Guide. If
you suspect the product is defective during the warranty period, contact Linksys
Technical Support in order to obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number
or contact the location where the product was purchased (if applicable). BE SURE TO
HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE ON HAND WHEN CONTACTING TECHNICAL SUP-
PORT. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PUR-
CHASE.
Certifications
Operating Temp.
Storage Temp.
FCC Class B, CE Mark
0ºC to 40ºC (32ºF to 104ºF)
0ºC to 70ºC (-4ºF to 158ºF)
Operating Humidity 10% to 85%, Non-Condensing
Storage Humidity 5% to 90%, Non-Condensing
IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PROD-
UCT FROM DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM-
AGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFT-
WARE, OR ITS DOCUMENTATION. LINKSYS OFFERS NO REFUNDS FOR ITS PROD-
UCTS. Linksys makes no warranty or representation, expressed, implied, or statutory,
with respect to its products or the contents or use of this documentation and all accom-
panying software, and specifically disclaims its quality, performance, merchantability, or
fitness for any particular purpose. Linksys reserves the right to revise or update its prod-
ucts, software, or documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity.
Please direct all inquiries to the address listed below or contact Technical Support:
Linksys
P.O. Box 18558
Irvine, California 92623
U.S.A.
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Appendix F: Contact Information
For help with the installation or operation of this product, contact Linksys
Technical Support at one of the phone numbers listed on the Technical Support
insert or one of the Internet addresses below:
E-mail
Europe
United Kingdom & Ireland
Latin America
U.S. and Canada
For unlisted regions or the most up-to-date contact information, please visit the
website below:
Web
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