®
A Division of Cisco Systems, Inc.
ADSL Gateway
with 4-Port Switch
User Guide
WIRED
Model No.
AG041 (EU)
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction1
Welcome
1
2
What’s in this Guide?
Chapter 2: Planning your Network
The Gateway’s Functions
IP Addresses
4
4
4
5
What is a VPN?
Why do I need a VPN?
6
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the ADSL Gateway
The Back Panel
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8
The Front Panel
9
Chapter 4: Connecting the ADSL Gateway
Overview
Connecting to a Computer
Chapter 5: Configuring the ADSL Gateway
Overview
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How to Access the Web-based Utility
The Setup Tab
The Security Tab
The Access Restrictions Tab
The Applications and Gaming Tab
The Administration Tab
The Status Tab
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions
Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000
or XP Computer and the Gateway
Introduction
51
51
51
52
Environment
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter62
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
Windows 2000 or XP Instructions
Appendix D: Upgrading Firmware
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Appendix E: Windows Help
Appendix F: Glossary
Appendix G: Specifications
Appendix H: Warranty Information
Appendix I: Regulatory Information
Appendix J: Contact Information
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70
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
List of Figures
Figure 2-1: A Network with the Gateway
Figure 2-2: Computer-to-VPN Gateway
Figure 2-3: VPN Gateway-to-VPN Gateway
Figure 3-1: Back Panel
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Figure 3-2: Front Panel
Figure 4-1: Connect your network
Figure 4-2: Connect your ADSL modem
Figure 4-3: Connect power
Figure 5-1: Password Screen
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Figure 5-2: Basic Setup Tab
Figure 5-3: Internet Setup - Dynamic IP
Figure 5-4: Internet Setup - Static IP
Figure 5-5: Internet Setup - RFC 1483 Routed
Figure 5-6: Internet Setup - RFC 2516 PPPoE
Figure 5-7: Internet Setup - RFC 2364 PPPoA
Figure 5-8: Internet Setup - Bridged Mode Only
Figure 5-9: Setup Tab - Optional Settings
Figure 5-10: Setup Tab - DDNS
Figure 5-11: Setup Tab - Advanced Routing
Figure 5-12: Routing Table
Figure 5-13: Security Tab - Firewall
Figure 5-14: Security Tab - VPN
Figure 5-15: VPN with Manual Key Management
Figure 5-16: Advanced IPSec VPN Tunnel Setup
Figure 5-17: Access Restrictions - Internet Access
Figure 5-18: Internet Policy Summary
Figure 5-19: List of PCs
Figure 5-20: Port Services
Figure 5-21: Applications & Gaming - Single Port Forwarding
Figure 5-22: Applications & Gaming - Port Range Forwarding
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Figure 5-23: Applications & Gaming - Port Triggering
Figure 5-24: Applications & Gaming - DMZ
Figure 5-25: Administration tab - Management
Figure 5-26: Administration tab - Reporting
Figure 5-27: Adminstration tab - Diagnostics
Figure 5-28: Administration tab - Factory Defaults
Figure 5-29: Administration tab - Firmware Upgrade
Figure 5-30: Status tab - Gateway
Figure 5-31: Status tab - Local Network
Figure 5-32: DHCP Active IP Table
Figure 5-33: Status tab - DSL Connection
Figure B-1: Local Security Screen
Figure B-2: Rules Tab
Figure B-3: IP Filter List Tab
Figure B-4: IP Filter LIst
Figure B-5: Filters Properties
Figure B-6: New Rule Properties
Figure B-7: IP Filter List
Figure B-8: Filters Properties
Figure B-9: New Rule Properties
Figure B-10: IP Filter List Tab
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Figure B-11: Filter Acton Tab
Figure B-12: Security Methods Tab
Figure B-13: Authentication Methods
Figure B-14: Preshared Key
Figure B-15: New Preshared Key
Figure B-16: Tunnel Setting Tab
Figure B-17: Connection Type Tab
Figure B-18: Properties Screen
Figure B-19: IP Filter List Tab
Figure B-20: Filter Action Tab
Figure B-21: Authentication Methods Tab
Figure B-22: Preshared Key
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Figure B-23: New Preshared Key
Figure B-24: Tunnel Setting Tab
Figure B-25: Connection Type
Figure B-26: Rules
Figure B-27: Local Computer
Figure B-28: VPN Tab
Figure C-1: IP Configuration Screen
Figure C-2: MAC Address/Adapter Address
Figure C-3: MAC Address/Physical Address
Figure D-1: Upgrade Firmware
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
network: a series of computers or devices
connected for the purpose of data sharing,
storage, and/or transmission between users
Thank you for choosing the ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch. This Gateway will allow your computers to share a
high-speed Internet connection with its built-in modem, as well as share resources, including files and printers,
through its built-in Switch. Because the modem, router, and switch are all built-in, creating a network is easier
than ever.
port: the connection point on a computer or networking
device used for plugging in cables or adapters
router: a networking device that connects
multiple networks together
Put simply, networks are useful tools for sharing computer resources. You can access one printer from different
computers and access data located on another computer’s hard drive. Networks are even used for playing
multiplayer video games. So, networks not only are useful in homes and offices, but also can be fun.
To create your network, install and set up the Gateway. To guide you through the process, use the instructions in
the Quick Installation or the directions in this User Guide to help you. These instructions should be all you need to
get the most out of the Gateway and, for more advanced users, this User Guide shows you many of the Gateway’s
Advanced uses as well. This User Guide also contains appendices to answer further questions and a Glossary if
you’re unfamiliar with terms. Basically, if you have a question about the Gateway, you should find the answers
within.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
1
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
What’s in this Guide?
This user guide covers the steps for setting up and using the ADSL Gateway.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter describes the ADSL Gateway and its documentation.
Chapter 2: Planning your Network
This chapter describes the basics of networking.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the ADSL Gateway
This chapter describes the physical features of the Gateway.
Chapter 4: Connecting the ADSL Gateway
This chapter instructs you on how to connect the Gateway to your network.
Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway
This chapter explains how to use the Web-Based Utility to configure the settings on the Gateway.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This appendix describes some problems and solutions, as well as frequently asked questions, regarding
installation and use of the ADSL Gateway.
•
•
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 Computer and the Gateway
This appendix instructs you on how to establish a secure IPSec tunnel using preshared keys to join a private
network inside the VPN Gateway and a Windows 2000 or XP computer.
Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for your Ethernet Adapter.
This appendix describes how to find the MAC address for your computer’s Ethenet adapter so you can use the
MAC filtering and/or MAC address cloning feature of the Gateway.
•
•
Appendix D: Upgrading Firmware
This appendix instructs you on how to upgrade the firmware on your Gateway if you should need to do so.
Appendix E: Windows Help
This appendix describes how you can use Windows Help for instructions about networking, such as installing
the TCP/IP protocol.
•
Appendix F: Glossary
This appendix gives a brief glossary of terms frequently used in networking.
Chapter 1: Introduction
What’s in this Guide?
2
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
•
•
•
•
Appendix G: Specifications
This appendix provides the technical specifications for the Gateway.
Appendix H: Warranty Information
This appendix supplies the warranty information for the Gateway.
Appendix I: Regulatory Information
This appendix supplies the regulatory information regarding the Gateway.
Appendix J: Contact Information
This appendix provides contact information for a variety of Linksys resources, including Technical Support.
Chapter 1: Introduction
What’s in this Guide?
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Chapter 2: Planning your Network
The Gateway’s Functions
A Gateway is a network device that connects two networks together.
In this instance, the Gateway connects your Local Area Network (LAN), or the group of computers in your home or
office, to the Internet. The Gateway processes and regulates the data that travels between these two networks.
The Gateway’s NAT feature protects your network of computers so users on the public, Internet side cannot
“see” your computers. This is how your network remains private. The Gateway protects your network by
inspecting every packet coming in through the Internet port before delivery to the appropriate computer on your
network. The Gateway inspects Internet port services like the web server, ftp server, or other Internet
applications, and, if allowed, it will forward the packet to the appropriate computer on the LAN side.
Remember that the Gateway’s ports connect to two sides. The LAN ports connect to the LAN, and the ADSL port
connects to the Internet. The LAN ports transmit data at 10/100Mbps.
IP Addresses
Figure 2-1: A Network with the Gateway
What’s an IP Address?
LAN: the computers and networking products that
make up your local network
IP stands for Internet Protocol. Every device on an IP-based network, including computers, print servers, and
Gateways, requires an IP address to identify its “location,” or address, on the network. This applies to both the
Internet and LAN connections. There are two ways of assigning an IP address to your network devices. You can
assign static IP addresses or use the Gateway to assign IP addresses dynamically.
FTP: a protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network
NOTE: Since the Gateway is a device that connects two
networks, it needs two IP addresses—one for the LAN,
and one for the Internet. In this User Guide, you’ll see
references to the “Internet IP address” and the “LAN IP
address.”
Static IP Addresses
A static IP address is a fixed IP address that you assign manually to a computer or other device on the network.
Since a static IP address remains valid until you disable it, static IP addressing ensures that the device assigned
it will always have that same IP address until you change it. Static IP addresses must be unique and are
commonly used with network devices such as server computers or print servers.
Since the Gateway uses NAT technology, the only IP
address that can be seen from the Internet for your
network is the Gateway’s Internet IP address. However,
even this Internet IP address can be blocked, so that the
Gateway and network seem invisible to the Internet—
see the Block WAN Requests description under Security
in “Chapter 5: Configuring the ADSL Gateway.”
Chapter 2: Planning your Network
The Gateway’s Functions
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Since you use the Gateway to share your DSL Internet connection, contact your ISP to find out if they have
assigned a static IP address to your account. If so, you will need that static IP address when configuring the
Gateway. You can get that information from your ISP.
dsl: an always-on broadband connection
over traditional phone lines
ip address: the address used to identify
a computer or device on a network
Dynamic IP Addresses
A dynamic IP address is automatically assigned to a device on the network, such as computers and print servers.
These IP addresses are called “dynamic” because they are only temporarily assigned to the computer or device.
After a certain time period, they expire and may change. If a computer logs onto the network (or the Internet) and
its dynamic IP address has expired, the DHCP server will automatically assign it a new dynamic IP address.
dynamic ip address: a temporary IP
address assigned by a DHCP server
DHCP: a networking protocol that allows administrators to
assign temporary IP addresses to network computers by
"leasing" an IP address to a user for a limited amount of
time, instead of assigning permanent IP addresses
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Servers
Computers and other network devices using dynamic IP addressing are assigned a new IP address by a DHCP
server. The computer or network device obtaining an IP address is called the DHCP client. DHCP frees you from
having to assign IP addresses manually every time a new user is added to your network.
server: any computer whose function in a
network is to provide user access to files,
printing, communications, and other services
A DHCP server can either be a designated computer on the network or another network device, such as the
Gateway. By default, the Gateway’s DHCP Server function is enabled.
If you already have a DHCP server running on your network, you must disable one of the two DHCP servers. If you
run more than one DHCP server on your network, you will experience network errors, such as conflicting IP
addresses. To disable DHCP on the Gateway, see the DHCP section in “Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway.”
What is a VPN?
VPN: a security measure to protect data as it leaves
one network and goes to another over the Internet
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a connection between two endpoints - a VPN Gateway, for instance - in
different networks that allows private data to be sent securely over a shared or public network, such as the
Internet. This establishes a private network that can send data securely between these two locations or
networks.
This is done by creating a "tunnel". A VPN tunnel connects the two computers or networks and allows data to be
transmitted over the Internet as if it were still within those networks. Not a literal tunnel, it is a connection
secured by encrypting the data sent between the two networks.
VPN was created as a cost-effective alternative to using a private, dedicated, leased line for a private network.
Using industry standard encryption and authentication techniques - IPSec, short for IP Security - the VPN creates
a secure connection that, in effect, operates as if you were directly connected to your local network. Virtual
Private Networking can be used to create secure networks linking a central office with branch offices,
encryption: encoding data transmitted in a network
IPSec: a VPN protocol used to implement
secure exchange of packets at the IP layer
Chapter 2: Planning your Network
What is a VPN?
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
telecommuters, and/or professionals on the road (travelers can connect to a VPN Gateway using any computer
with VPN client software that supports IPSec, such as SSH Sentinel.)
There are two basic ways to create a VPN connection:
•
•
VPN Gateway to VPN Gateway
Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN Gateway
The VPN Gateway creates a “tunnel” or channel between two endpoints, so that data transmissions between
them are secure. A computer with VPN client software that supports IPSec can be one of the two endpoints. Any
computer with the built-in IPSec Security Manager (Microsoft 2000 and XP ) allows the VPN Gateway to create a
VPN tunnel using IPSec (refer to “Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP computer and
the VPN Gateway”). Other versions of Microsoft operating systems require additional, third-party VPN client
software applications that support IPSec to be installed.
Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN Gateway
The following is an example of a computer-to-VPN Gateway VPN. In her hotel room, a traveling businesswoman
dials up her ISP. Her notebook computer has VPN client software that is configured with her office's VPN settings.
She accesses the VPN client software that supports IPSec and connects to the VPN Gateway at the central office.
As VPNs utilize the Internet, distance is not a factor. Using the VPN, the businesswoman now has a secure con-
nection to the central office's network, as if she were physically connected.
VPN Gateway to VPN Gateway
An example of a VPN Gateway-to-VPN Gateway VPN would be as follows. At home, a telecommuter uses his VPN
Gateway for his always-on Internet connection. His Gateway is configured with his office's VPN settings. When he
connects to his office's Gateway, the two Gateways create a VPN tunnel, encrypting and decrypting data. As VPNs
utilize the Internet, distance is not a factor. Using the VPN, the telecommuter now has a secure connection to the
central office's network, as if he were physically connected.
Figure 2-2: Computer-to-VPN Gateway
IMPORTANT: You must have at least one VPN
Gateway on one end of the VPN tunnel. At the
other end of the VPN tunnel, you must have a
second VPN Gateway or a computer with VPN
client software that supports IPSec.
For additional information and instructions about creating your own VPN, please visit Linksys’s website at
VPN Gateway.”
Why do I need a VPN?
Computer networking provides a flexibility not available when using a paper-based system. With this flexibility,
however, comes an increased risk in security. This is why firewalls were first introduced. Firewalls help to protect
Chapter 2: Planning your Network
Why do I need a VPN?
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
data inside of a local network. But what do you do once information is sent outside of your local network, when
emails are sent to their destination, or when you have to connect to your company's network when you are out on
the road? How is your data protected?
That is when a VPN can help. VPNs secure data moving outside of your network as if it were still within that
network.
When data is sent out across the Internet from your computer, it is always open to attacks. You may already have
a firewall, which will help protect data moving around or held within your network from being corrupted or
intercepted by entities outside of your network, but once data moves outside of your network - when you send
data to someone via email or communicate with an individual over the Internet - the firewall will no longer protect
that data.
At this point, your data becomes open to hackers using a variety of methods to steal not only the data you are
transmitting but also your network login and security data. Some of the most common methods are as follows:
1) MAC Address Spoofing
Packets transmitted over a network, either your local network or the Internet, are preceded by a packet header.
These packet headers contain both the source and destination information for that packet to transmit efficiently.
A hacker can use this information to spoof (or fake) a MAC address allowed on the network. With this spoofed
MAC address, the hacker can also intercept information meant for another user.
2) Data Sniffing
Figure 2-3: VPN Gateway-to-VPN Gateway
Data "sniffing" is a method used by hackers to obtain network data as it travels through unsecured networks,
such as the Internet. Tools for just this kind of activity, such as protocol analyzers and network diagnostic tools,
are often built into operating systems and allow the data to be viewed in clear text.
MAC Address: the unique address that a manufacturer
assigns to each networking device
3) Man in the Middle Attacks
firewall: a set of related programs located at a network
gateway server that protects the resources of a network
from users from other networks.
Once the hacker has either sniffed or spoofed enough information, he can now perform a "man in the middle"
attack. This attack is performed, when data is being transmitted from one network to another, by rerouting the
data to a new destination. Even though the data is not received by its intended recipient, it appears that way to
the person sending the data.
These are only a few of the methods hackers use and they are always developing more. Without the security of
your VPN, your data is constantly open to such attacks as it travels over the Internet. Data travelling over the
Internet will often pass through many different servers around the world before reaching its final destination.
That's a long way to go for unsecured data and this is when a VPN serves its purpose.
Chapter 2: Planning your Network
Why do I need a VPN?
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the ADSL Gateway
The Back Panel
Figure 3-1: Back Panel
The Gateway’s ports, where a network cable and DSL cable are connected, are located on the back panel. The
Gateway’s buttons are also located on the back panel.
Important: Resetting the Gateway to factory
defaults will erase all of your settings and
replace them with the factory defaults. Do not
reset the Gateway if you want to retain these
settings.
LINE
The LINE port connects to the ADSL line.
Ethernet (1-4) The Ethernet ports connect to your computer and other network devices.
Power
The Power port is where you will connect the power adapter.
Reset Button
There are two ways to reset the Gateway's factory defaults. Either press the Reset Button, for
approximately ten seconds, or restore the defaults from the Factory Defaults screen of the
Administration tab in the Gateway’s Web-Based Utility.
On/Off
This switch is used to turn the Gateway on or off.
With these, and many other, Linksys products, your networking options are limitless. Go to the Linksys website at
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the ADSL Gateway
The Back Panel
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
The Front Panel
Figure 3-2: Front Panel
The Gateway's LEDs, where information about network activity is displayed, are located on the front panel.
Power
Green. The Power LED lights up when the Gateway is powered on.
Ethernet (1-4)
Green. The Ethernet LEDs serve two purposes. If an LED is continuously lit, the Gateway is
successfully connected to a device through that LAN port. If an LED is blinking, it is an
indication of any network activity on that port.
DSL
Green. The DSL LED lights up whenever there is a successful DSL connection. The LED
blinks while establishing the ADSL connection.
Internet
Green. The Internet LED lights up green when an Internet connection to the Internet
Service Provider (ISP) session is established. The Internet LED lights up red when the
connection to the ISP fails.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the ADSL Gateway
The Front Panel
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Chapter 4: Connecting the ADSL Gateway
Overview
hardware: the physical aspect of computers,
telecommunications, and other information technology devices
The Gateway’s setup consists of more than simply plugging hardware together. You will have to configure your
networked computers to accept the IP addresses that the Gateway assigns them (if applicable), and you will also
have to configure the Gateway with setting(s) provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
ISP: a company that provides access to the Internet
After you have the setup information you need for your specific type of Internet connection, you can begin
installation and setup of the Gateway.
Connecting to a Computer
1. Before you begin, make sure that all of your network’s hardware is powered off, including the Gateway and
all computers.
2. Connect one end of an Ethernet network cable to one of the Ethernet ports (labeled 1-4) on the back of the
Gateway, and the other end to an Ethernet port on a computer.
3. Repeat this step to connect more computers, a switch, or other network devices to the Gateway.
IMPORTANT: If using microfilters, make sure to only place the microfilters
between the phone and the wall jack and not between the Gateway and
the wall jack or your ADSL will not connect.
Figure 4-1: Connect your network
4. Connect a phone cable from the Line port on the Gateway’s back panel to the wall jack of the ADSL line. A
small device called a microfilter may be necessary between each phone and wall jack to prevent
interference. Contact your ISP if you have any questions.
Figure 4-2: Connect your ADSL modem
Chapter 4: Connecting the ADSL Gateway
Overview
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
5. Connect the power adapter to the Gateway’s Power port, and then plug the power adapter into a power
outlet. Turn the On/Off switch to On.
•
The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the power adapter is connected properly
and the switch is turned on. The Power LED will flash for a few seconds, then it will light up steady when
the self-test is complete. If the LED flashes for one minute or longer, see “Appendix A: Troubleshooting.”
6. Power on one of your computers that is connected to the Gateway.
Figure 4-3: Connect power
The Gateway’s hardware installation is now complete.
NOTE: You should always plug the Gateway’s power
adapter into a power strip with surge protection.
IMPORTANT: Before configuring the Gateway, make sure that any computer connected to the
Gateway is configured to obtain its IP address from a DHCP server. Refer to Appendix E: Windows
Help on how to configure TCP/IP for automatic addressing and how to obtain an IP address
automatically if you haven’t already done so.
TCP/IP: a set of instructions PCs use to
communicate over a network
Go to “Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway.”
Chapter 4: Connecting the ADSL Gateway
Connecting to a Computer
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Chapter 5: Configuring the ADSL Gateway
browser: an application program that provides a way to look at
and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web
Overview
Follow the steps in this chapter and use the Gateway’s web-based utility to configure the Gateway. This chapter
will describe each web page in the Utility and each page’s key functions. The utility can be accessed via your web
browser through use of a computer connected to the Gateway. For a basic network setup, most users only have to
use the following screens of the Utility:
Have You: Enabled TCP/IP on your computers?
computers communicate over the network with
this protocol. Refer to Appendix E: Windows Help
for more information on TCP/IP.
•
•
Basic Setup. On the Basic Setup screen, enter the settings provided by your ISP.
Note: For added security, you should change
the password through the Administration tab.
Management. Click the Administration tab and then the Management tab. The Gateway’s default username
and password is admin. To secure the Gateway, change the Password from its default.
There are six main tabs: Setup, Security, Access Restrictions, Applications & Gaming, Administration, and Status.
Additional tabs will be available after you click one of the main tabs.
Setup
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•
Basic Setup. Enter the Internet connection and network settings on this screen.
DDNS: allows the hosting of a website, FTP
server, or e-mail server with a fixed domain name
DDNS. To enable the Gateway’s Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) feature, complete the fields on this
screen.
•
Advanced Routing. On this screen, you can alter Dynamic Routing, and Static Routing configurations.
static routing: forwarding data in
a network via a fixed path
Security
WAN: the Internet
•
Firewall. This screen contains Filters and Block WAN Requests. Filters block specific internal users from
accessing the Internet and block anonymous Internet requests.
PPTP: a VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol
(PPP) to be tunneled through an IP network. This protocol is
also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe
•
VPN. To enable or disable IPSec and/or PPTP Pass-through, and set up VPN tunnels, use this screen.
Access Restrictions
•
Internet Access. This screen allows you to prevent or permit only certain users from attaching to your
network.
Chapter 5: Configuring the ADSL Gateway
Overview
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Applications & Gaming
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•
Single Port Forwarding. Use this screen to set up common services or applications on your network.
Port Range Forwarding. To set up public services or other specialized Internet applications on your network,
click this tab.
•
•
Port Triggering. To set up triggered ranges and forwarded ranges for Internet applications, click this tab.
DMZ. To allow one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of special-purpose services, use this
screen.
DMZ: removes the Router's firewall protection from one
PC, allowing it to be "seen" from the Internet
Administration
SNMP: a widely used network
monitoring and control protocol
•
•
•
•
•
Management. On this screen, alter Gateway access privileges, SNMP, and UPnP settings.
Reporting. If you want to view or save activity logs, click this tab.
Diagnostics. Use this screen to do a Ping Test.
ping:: an Internet utility used to determine
whether a particular IP address is online
Factory Defaults. If you want to restore the Gateway’s factory defaults, use this screen.
Firmware Upgrade. Click this tab if you want to upgrade the Gateway’s firmware.
firmware:: the programming code that runs a networking device
ipgrade:: to replace existing software or
firmware with a newer version
Status
•
•
•
Gateway. This screen provides status information about the Gateway.
Local Network. This provides status information about the local network.
DSL Connection. This screen provides status information about the DSL connection.
How to Access the Web-based Utility
To access the web-based utility, launch Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, and enter the Gateway’s default
IP address, 192.168.1.1, in the Address field. Then press Enter.
A password request page will appear. (non-Windows XP users will see a similar screen.) Enter admin (the default
user name) in the User Name field, and enter admin (the default password) in the Password field. Then click the
OK button.
Chapter 5: Configuring the ADSL Gateway
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The Setup Tab
Basic Setup
The first screen that appears is the Basic Setup tab. This tab allows you to change the Gateway's general
settings. Change these settings as described here and click the Save Settings button to save your changes or
Cancel Changes to cancel your changes.
Internet Setup
•
•
ADSL Settings. The Gateway supports five Encapsulations: RFC 1483 Bridged, RFC 1483 Routed, RFC 2516
PPPoE, RFC 2364 PPPoA, and Bridged Mode Only. Each Basic Setup screen and available features will differ
depending on what type of encapsulation you select.
Figure 5-1: Password Screen
VC Settings. Virtual Circuits (VPI and VCI): These fields consist of two items: VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI
(Virtual Channel Identifier). Your ISP will provide the correct settings for these fields. Multiplexing: Select LLC
or VC , depending on your ISP.
Figure 5-2: Basic Setup Tab
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RFC 1483 Bridged
Dynamic IP
IP Settings. Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if your ISP says you are connecting through a
dynamic IP address.
Figure 5-3: Internet Setup - Dynamic IP
static ip address: a fixed address assigned to a
computer or device that is connected to a network
Static IP
If you are required to use a permanent IP address to connect to the Internet, then select Use the following IP
Address.
•
IP Address. This is the Gateway’s IP address, when seen from the WAN, or the Internet. Your ISP will
provide you with the IP Address you need to specify here.
•
•
Subnet Mask. This is the Gateway’s Subnet Mask. Your ISP will provide you with the Subnet Mask.
Default Gateway. Your ISP will provide you with the Default Gateway Address, which is the ISP server’s IP
address.
•
Primary DNS. (Required) and Secondary DNS (Optional). Your ISP will provide you with at least one DNS
(Domain Name System) Server IP Address.
Figure 5-4: Internet Setup - Static IP
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or
default gateway: a device that forwards
click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Internet traffic from your local area
dns: the IP address of your ISP's server, which
translates the names of websites into IP addresses
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RFC 1483 Routed
If you are required to use RFC 1483 Routed, then select RFC 1483 Routed.
•
IP Address. This is the Gateway’s IP address, when seen from the WAN, or the Internet. Your ISP will
provide you with the IP Address you need to specify here.
•
•
Subnet Mask. This is the Gateway’s Subnet Mask. Your ISP will provide you with the Subnet Mask.
Default Gateway. Your ISP will provide you with the Default Gateway Address, which is the ISP server’s IP
address.
•
Primary DNS. (Required) and Secondary DNS (Optional). Your ISP will provide you with at least one DNS
(Domain Name System) Server IP Address.
Figure 5-5: Internet Setup - RFC 1483 Routed
RFC 2516 PPPoE
PPPoE: a type of broadband connection that
provides authentication (username and
password) in addition to data transport
Some DSL-based ISPs use PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) to establish Internet connections. If
your ISP uses a PPPoE connection, enable PPPoE.
•
•
•
Service Name. Enter the Service Name, if required by your ISP.
User Name and Password. Enter the User Name and Password provided by your ISP.
Connect on Demand: Max Idle Time. You can configure the Gateway to disconnect the Internet connection
after it has been inactive for a specified period of time (Max Idle Time). If your Internet connection has
been terminated due to inactivity, Connect on Demand enables the Gateway to automatically re-establish
your connection as soon as you attempt to access the Internet again. If you wish to activate Connect on
Demand, click the radio button. In the Max Idle Time field, enter the number of minutes you want to have
elapsed before your Internet connection terminates.
•
Keep Alive: Redial Period. If you select this option, the Gateway will periodically check your Internet
connection. If you are disconnected, then the Gateway will automatically re-establish your connection. To
use this option, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. In the Redial Period field, you specify how often
you want the Gateway to check the Internet connection. The default Redial Period is 30 seconds.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or
click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-6: Internet Setup - RFC 2516 PPPoE
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RFC 2364 PPPoA
Some DSL-based ISPs use PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM) to establish Internet connections. If your
ISP uses a PPPoA, enable PPPoA.
•
•
User Name and Password. Enter the User Name and Password provided by your ISP.
Connect on Demand: Max Idle Time. You can configure the Gateway to cut the Internet connection after it
has been inactive for a specified period of time (Max Idle Time). If your Internet connection has been
terminated due to inactivity, Connect on Demand enables the Gateway to automatically re-establish your
connection as soon as you attempt to access the Internet again. If you wish to activate Connect on
Demand, click the radio button. In the Max Idle Time field, enter the number of minutes you want to have
elapsed before your Internet connection terminates.
•
Keep Alive Option: Redial Period. If you select this option, the Gateway will periodically check your
Internet connection. If you are disconnected, then the Gateway will automatically re-establish your
connection. To use this option, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. In the Redial Period field, you
specify how often you want the Gateway to check the Internet connection. The default Redial Period is 30
seconds.
Figure 5-7: Internet Setup - RFC 2364 PPPoA
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or
click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Bridged Mode Only
If you are using your Gateway as a bridge, which makes the Gateway act like a standalone modem, select
Bridged Mode Only. All NAT and routing is disabled in this mode.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or
click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-8: Internet Setup - Bridged Mode Only
NAT: translates IP addresses of a local area
network to a different IP address for the Internet
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Optional Settings (Required by some ISPs)
domain: a specific name for a network of computers
•
•
Host Name and Domain Name. These fields allow you to supply a host and domain name for the Gateway.
Some ISPs require these names as identification. You may have to check with your ISP to see if your
broadband Internet service has been configured with a host and domain name. In most cases, leaving these
fields blank will work.
packet: a unit of data sent over a network
MTU. The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) setting specifies the largest packet size permitted for network
transmission. Select Manual and enter the value desired. You should leave this value in the 1200 to 1500
range. By default, MTU is configured automatically.
Network Setup
•
•
Router IP. The values for the Gateway’s Local IP Address and Subnet Mask are shown here. In most cases,
keeping the default values will work.
•
•
Local IP Address. The default value is 192.168.1.1.
Subnet Mask. The default value is 255.255.255.0.
Network Address Server Settings (DHCP). A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server automatically
assigns an IP address to each computer on your network for you. Unless you already have one, it is highly
recommended that you leave the Gateway enabled as a DHCP server.
•
Local DHCP Server. DHCP is already enabled by factory default. If you already have a DHCP server on your
network, set the Gateway’s DHCP option to Disable. Only use DHCP Relay if requested by your ISP; your
ISP will supply you with the IP Address
Figure 5-9: Setup Tab - Optional Settings
subnet mask: an address code that
determines the size of the network
•
•
•
DHCP Server. If you enable the DHCP Server or DHCP Relay for the Local DHCP server, enter the IP address
for the DHCP server in the fields.
Starting IP Address. Enter a value for the DHCP server to start with when issuing IP addresses. This value
must be 192.168.1. 2 or greater, because the default IP address for the Gateway is 192.168.1.1.
Number of Address. Enter the maximum number of computers that you want the DHCP server to assign IP
addresses to. This number cannot be greater than 253. By defaul, the range is 192.168.1.100 to
192.168.1.149.
•
•
DHCP Address Range. The range of DHCP addresses is displayed here.
Client Lease Time. Enter the minutes in the field.
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Time Setting. This is where you set the time zone for your Gateway.
•
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click the
Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
DDNS
The Gateway offers a Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) feature. DDNS lets you assign a fixed host and
domain name to a dynamic Internet IP address. It is useful when you are hosting your own website, FTP server, or
other server behind the Gateway.
Before you can use this feature, you need to sign up for DDNS service at DynDNS.org.
DDNS
DDNS Service. If your DDNS service is provided by DynDNS.org, then select DynDNS.org in the drop-down menu.
To disable DDNS Service, select Disabled.
DynDNS.org
•
•
•
User Name, Password, and Host Name. Enter the User Name, Password, and Host Name of the account you
set up with DynDNS.org.
Internet IP Address. The Gateway’s current Internet IP Address is displayed here. Because it is dynamic, it will
change.
Figure 5-10: Setup Tab - DDNS
Status. The status of the DDNS service connection is displayed here.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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Advanced Routing
The Advanced Routing screen allows you to configure the dynamic routing and static routing settings.
Advanced Routing
•
Dynamic Routing. With Dynamic Routing you can enable the Gateway to automatically adjust to physical
changes in the network’s layout. The Gateway, using the RIP protocol, determines the network packets’ route
based on the fewest number of hops between the source and the destination. The RIP protocol regularly
broadcasts routing information to other Gateways on the network. To enable RIP, click Enabled. To disable
RIP, click Disabled.
•
•
Receive RIP Version. To receive RIP messages, select the protocol you want: RIP1 or RIP2. If you don’t want
to receive RIP messages, select None.
Transmit RIP Version. To transmit RIP messages, select the protocol you want: RIP1, RIP1-Compatible, or
RIP2. If you don’t want to transmit RIP messages, select None.
Static Routing
Figure
5-11: S
etup T
ab - Ad
vanced
Routi
ng
If the Gateway is connected to more than one network, it may be necessary to set up a static route between
them. A static route is a pre-determined pathway that network information must travel to reach a specific host or
network. To create a static route, change the following settings:
•
Select Entry. Select the number of the static route from the drop-down menu. The Gateway supports up to 20
static route entries. If you need to delete a route, after selecting the entry, click the Delete Entry button.
•
Destination IP Address. The Destination IP Address is the address of the remote network or host to which you
want to assign a static route. Enter the IP address of the host for which you wish to create a static route. If you
are building a route to an entire network, be sure that the network portion of the IP address is set to 0.
•
•
•
•
Subnet Mask. The Subnet Mask (also known as the Network Mask) determines which portion of an IP address
is the network portion, and which portion is the host portion.
Gateway. This IP address should be the IP address of the gateway device that allows for contact between the
Gateway and the remote network or host.
Hop Count. This determines the maximum number of steps between network nodes that data packets will
travel. A node is any router in the path to the remote network.
node: a network junction or connection point,
typically a computer or work station
Interface. Select LAN or Internet, depending on the location of the static route’s final destination.
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•
Show Routing Table. Click the Show Routing Table button to open a screen displaying how data is routed
through your LAN. For each route, the Destination IP address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, and Interface are
displayed. Click the Refresh button to update the information.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-12: Routing Table
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The Security Tab
Firewall
When you click the Security tab, you will see the Firewall screen. This screen contains Filters and the option to
Block WAN Requests. Filters block specific Internet data types and block anonymous Internet requests.
•
Firewall. To add Firewall Protection, click Enabled. If you do not want Firewall Protection, click Disabled.
Additional Filters. Select the filter(s) you want to enable.
•
•
•
•
•
Filter Proxy. Use of WAN proxy servers may compromise the Gateway's security. Denying Filter Proxy will
disable access to any WAN proxy servers.
Filter Cookies. A cookie is data stored on your computer and used by Internet sites when you interact with
them.
Figure 5-13: Security Tab - Firewall
Filter Java Applets. Java is a programming language for websites. If you deny Java Applets, you run the risk
of not having access to Internet sites created using this programming language.
Filter ActiveX. ActiveX is a programming language for websites. If you deny ActiveX, you run the risk of not
having access to Internet sites created using this programming language.
Filter Multicast. IP Multicasting occurs when a single data transmission is sent to multiple recipients at the
same time. Using this feature, the Router allows IP multicast packets to be forwarded to the appropriate
computers.
multicasting: sending data to a group of destinations at once
Block WAN requests
•
Block Anonymous Internet Requests. This keeps your network from being “pinged” or detected and
reinforces your network security by hiding your network ports, so it is more difficult for intruders to discover
your network. Select Block Anonymous Internet Requests to block anonymous Internet requests or de-
select it to allow anonymous Internet requests.
Click View Logs to view a log of any firewall events.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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VPN
Virtual Private Networking (VPN) is a security measure that basically creates a secure connection between two
remote locations. The VPN screen allows you to configure your VPN settings to make your network more secure.
VPN Passthrough
•
•
IPSec Passthrough. Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a suite of protocols used to implement secure
exchange of packets at the IP layer. To allow IPSec Passthrough, click the Enabled button. To disable IPSec
Passthrough, click the Disabled button.
PPTP Passthrough. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol Passthrough is the method used to enable VPN sessions
to a Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 server. To allow PPTP Passthrough, click the Enabled button. To disable PPTP
Passthrough, click the Disabled button.
IPSec VPN Tunnel
The VPN Gateway creates a tunnel or channel between two endpoints, so that the data or information between
these endpoints is secure.
•
To establish this tunnel, select the tunnel you wish to create in the Select Tunnel Entry drop-down box. It is
possible to create up to five simultaneous tunnels. Then click Enabled to enable the IPSec VPN tunnel. Once
the tunnel is enabled, enter the name of the tunnel in the Tunnel Name field. This is to allow you to identify
multiple tunnels and does not have to match the name used at the other end of the tunnel.
•
•
Local Secure Group and Remote Secure Group. The Local Secure Group is the computer(s) on your LAN that
can access the tunnel. The Remote Secure Group is the computer(s) on the remote end of the tunnel that can
access the tunnel. These computers can be specified by a Subnet, specific IP address, or range.
Remote Security Gateway. The Remote Security Gateway is the VPN device, such as a second VPN Gateway,
on the remote end of the VPN tunnel. Enter the IP Address or Domain of the VPN device at the other end of the
tunnel. The remote VPN device can be another VPN Gateway, a VPN Server, or a computer with VPN client
software that supports IPSec. The IP Address may either be static (permanent) or dynamic (changing),
depending on the settings of the remote VPN device. Make sure that you have entered the IP Address
correctly, or the connection cannot be made. Remember, this is NOT the IP Address of the local VPN Gateway,
but the IP Address of the remote VPN Gateway or device with which you wish to communicate. If you enter an
IP address, only the specific IP Address will be able to acess the tunnel. If you select Any, any IP Address can
access the tunnel.
Figure 5-14: Security Tab - VPN
software: instructions for the computer
•
Encryption. Using Encryption also helps make your connection more secure. There are two different types of
encryption: DES or 3DES (3DES being more secure). You may choose either of these, but it must be the same
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
type of encryption that is being used by the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel. Or, you may choose not
to encrypt by selecting Disable. In the screen shown, DES (which is the default) has been selected.
•
•
Authentication. Authentication acts as another level of security. There are two types of authentication: MD5
and SHA (SHA being more secure). As with encryption, either of these may be selected, if the VPN device at
the other end of the tunnel is using the same type of authentication. Or, both ends of the tunnel may choose
to Disable authentication. In the screen shown, MD5 (the default) has been selected.
Key Management. Select Auto (IKE) or Manual from the drop-down menu. The two methods are described
below.
Auto (IKE)
Select Auto (IKE) and enter a series of numbers or letters in the Pre-shared Key field. Based on this word,
which MUST be entered at both ends of the tunnel if this method is used, a key is generated to scramble
(encrypt) the data being transmitted over the tunnel, where it is unscrambled (decrypted). You may use any
combination of up to 24 numbers or letters in this field. No special characters or spaces are allowed. In the
Key Lifetime field, you may select to have the key expire at the end of a time period. Enter the number of
seconds you’d like the key to be useful, or leave it blank for the key to last indefinitely. Check the box next to
PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) to ensure that the initial key exchange and IKE proposals are secure.
Manual
Select Manual, then select the Encryption Algorithm from the drop-down menu. Enter the Encryption Key in
the field (if you chose DES for your Encryption Algorithm, enter 16 hexadecimal characters, if you chose
3DES, enter 48 hexadecimal characters). Select the Authentication Algorithm from the drop-down menu.
Enter the Authentication Key in the field (if you chose MD5 for your Authentication Algorithm, enter 32
hexadecimal characters, if you chose SHA1, enter 40 hexadecimal characters). Enter the Inbound and
Outbound SPIs in the respective fields.
•
Status. The status of the connection is shown.
Figure 5-15: VPN with Manual Key Management
Click the Connect button to connect your VPN tunnel. Click the View Logs button to view logs. Click the
Advanced Setting button and the Advanced IPSec VPN Tunnel Setup screen will appear.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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Advanced VPN Tunnel Setup
From the Advanced IPSec VPN Tunnel Setup screen, you can adjust the settings for specific VPN tunnels.
Phase 1
•
Phase 1 is used to create a security association (SA), often called the IKE SA. After Phase 1 is completed,
Phase 2 is used to create one or more IPSec SAs, which are then used to key IPSec sessions.
•
Operation Mode. There are two modes: Main and Aggressive, and they exchange the same IKE payloads in
different sequences. Main mode is more common; however, some people prefer Aggressive mode because it
is faster. Main mode is for normal usage and includes more authentication requirements than Aggressive
mode. Main mode is the more secure of the two. No matter which mode is selected, the VPN Gateway will
accept both Main and Aggressive requests from the remote VPN device. Select Username, then enter the user
name.
•
•
•
•
Encryption. Select the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. There are two choices: DES and
3DES. 3DES is the more secure of the two.
Authentication. Select the method used to authenticate ESP packets. There are two choices: MD5 and SHA.
SHA is the more secure of the two.
Group. There are two Diffie-Hellman Groups to choose from: 768-bit and 1024-bit. Diffie-Hellman refers to a
cryptographic technique that uses public and private keys for encryption and decryption.
Key Life Time. In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have the key expire at the end of a time
period of your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be used until a re-key negotiation
between each endpoint is completed.
Figure 5-16: Advanced IPSec VPN Tunnel Setup
Phase 2
•
•
•
•
Encryption. The encryption method selected in Phase 1 will be displayed.
Authentication. The authentication method selected in Phase 1 will be displayed.
PFS. The status of PFS will be displayed.
Group. There are two Diffie-Hellman Groups to choose from: 768-bit and 1024-bit. Diffie-Hellman refers to a
cryptographic technique that uses public and private keys for encryption and decryption.
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•
Key Life Time. In the Key Lifetime field, you may select to have the key expire at the end of a time period of
your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be used until a re-key negotiation between
each endpoint is completed.
Other Setting
•
•
•
•
NetBIOS broadcast. Check the box next to NetBIOS broadcast to enable NetBIOS traffic to pass through the
VPN tunnel.
Anti-replay. Check the box next to Anti-replay to enable the Anti-replay protection. This feature keeps track of
sequence numbers as packets arrive, ensuring security at the IP packet-level.
Keep-Alive. If you select this option, the Gateway will periodically check your Internet connection. If you are
disconnected, then the Gateway will automatically re-establish your connection.
Check this box to block unauthorized IP addresses. Enter in the field to specify how many times IKE must fail
before blocking that unauthorized IP address. Enter the length of time that you specify (in seconds) in the
field.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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The Access Restrictions Tab
Internet Access
The Access Restrictions tab allows you to block or allow specific kinds of Internet usage. You can set up Internet
access policies for specific computers and set up filters by using network port numbers.
•
Internet Access Policy. Multiple Filters can be saved as Internet Access Policies. When you wish to edit one,
select the number of the Policy from the drop-down menu. The tab will change to reflect the settings of this
Policy. If you wish to delete this Policy, click the Delete button. To see a summary of all Policies, click the
Summary button.
The summaries are listed on this screen with their name and settings. To return to the Filters tab, click the
Close button.
•
Enter Policy Name. Policies are created from the fields presented here.
To create an Internet Access policy:
1. Enter a Policy Name in the field provided. Select Internet Access as the Policy Type.
Figure 5-17: Access Restrictions - Internet Access
Figure 5-18: Internet Policy Summary
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2. Click the Edit List button. This will open the List of computers screen. From this screen, you can enter the IP
address or MAC address of any computer to which this policy will apply. You can even enter ranges of
computers by IP address. Click the Apply button to save your settings, the Cancel button to undo any
changes, and the Close button to return to the Filters tab.
3. If you wish to Deny or Allow Internet access for those computers you listed on the List of PCs screen, click the
option.
4. You can filter access to various services accessed over the Internet, such as FTP or Telnet, by selecting a
service from the drop-down menus next to Blocked Services. If a service isn’t listed, you can click the Add/
Edit Service button to open the Port Services screen and add a service to the list. You will need to enter a
Service name, as well as the Protocol and Port Range used by the service.
5. By selecting the appropriate setting next to Days and Time, choose when Internet access will be filtered.
6. Click the Save Settings button to activate the policy.
Internet Access can also be filtered by URL Address, the address entered to access Internet sites, by entering the
address in one of the Website Blocking by URL Address fields. If you do not know the URL Address, filtering can
be done by Keyword by entering a keyword in one of the Website Blocking by Keyword fields.
Figure 5-19: List of PCs
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-20: Port Services
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The Applications and Gaming Tab
Single Port Forwarding
The Single Port Forwarding screen provides options for customization of port services for common applications.
When users send this type of request to your network via the Internet, the Gateway will forward those requests to
the appropriate computer. Any computer whose port is being forwarded should have its DHCP client function
disabled and should have a new static IP address assigned to it because its IP address may change when using
the DHCP function.
Choose or enter the Application in the field. Then, enter the External and Internal Port numbers in the fields.
Select the type of protocol you wish to use for each application: TCP or UDP. Enter the IP Address in the field.
Click Enabled to enable UPnP Forwarding for the chosen application.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-21: Applications & Gaming - Single Port Forwarding
TCP: a network protocol for transmitting data that requires
acknowledgement from the recipient of data sent
UDP: a network protocol for transmitting data
that does not require acknowledgement from
the recipient of the data that is sent
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Port Range Forwarding
The Port Forwarding screen sets up public services on your network, such as web servers, ftp servers, e-mail
servers, or other specialized Internet applications. (Specialized Internet applications are any applications that
use Internet access to perform functions such as videoconferencing or online gaming. Some Internet
applications may not require any forwarding.)
When users send this type of request to your network via the Internet, the Gateway will forward those requests to
the appropriate computer. Any computer whose port is being forwarded should have its DHCP client function
disabled and should have a new static IP address assigned to it because its IP address may change when using
the DHCP function.
•
•
•
•
Application. Enter the name you wish to give each application.
Start and End. Enter the starting and ending numbers of the port you wish to forward.
TCP UDP. Select the type of protocol you wish to use for each application: TCP, UDP, or Both.
IP Address. Enter the IP Address and Click Enabled.
Figure 5-22: Applications & Gaming - Port Range Forwarding
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Port Triggering
Port Triggering is used for special applications that can request a port to be opened on demand. For this feature,
the Gateway will watch outgoing data for specific port numbers. The Gateway will remember the IP address of
the computer that sends a transmission requesting data, so that when the requested data returns through the
Gateway, the data is pulled back to the proper computer by way of IP address and port mapping rules.
•
•
Application. Enter the name you wish to give each application.
Start Port and End Port. Enter the starting and ending Outgoing Triggered Range numbers and the Incoming
Forwarded Range numbers of the port you wish to forward.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-23: Applications & Gaming - Port Triggering
Chapter 5: Configuring the ADSL Gateway
The Applications and Gaming Tab
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
DMZ
The DMZ screen allows one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of a special-purpose service such as
Internet gaming and videoconferencing through DMZ Hosting. DMZ hosting forwards all the ports for one
computer at the same time, which differs from Port Range Forwarding, which can only forward a maximum of 10
ranges of ports.
•
DMZ Hosting. This feature allows one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of a special-purpose
service such as Internet gaming and videoconferencing. To use this feature, select Enabled. To disable DMZ ,
select Disabled.
Figure 5-24: Applications & Gaming - DMZ
•
DMZ Host IP Address. To expose one computer, enter the computer’s IP address. To get the IP address of a
computer, refer to “Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter.”
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Chapter 5: Configuring the ADSL Gateway
The Applications and Gaming Tab
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The Administration Tab
Management
The Management screen allows you to change the Gateway’s access settings as well as configure the SNMP
(Simple Network Management Protocol) and UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) features.
Gateway Access
Local Gateway Access. To ensure the Gateway’s security, you will be asked for your password when you access
the Gateway’s Web-based Utility. The default username and password is admin.
•
•
•
Gateway Username. Enter the default admin. You should change the default username to one of your choice.
Gateway Password. You should change the password from its default.
Re-enter to confirm. Re-enter the Gateway’s new Password to confirm it.
Remote Gateway Access. This feature allows you to access the Gateway from a remote location, via the Internet.
IMPORTANT: Enabling remote Administration allows anyone with access to your
password to configure the Gateway from somewhere else on the Internet.
Figure 5-25: Administration tab - Management
•
•
Remote Administration. This feature allows you to manage the Gateway from a remote location via the
Internet. To enable Remote Administration, click Enabled.
Administration Port. Enter the port number you will use to remotely access the Gateway.
SNMP
SNMP is a popular network monitoring and management protocol.
Identification. To enable SNMP, click Enabled. To disable SNMP, click Disabled.
•
•
•
In the Device Name field, enter the name of the Gateway.
Get Community. Enter the password that allows read-only access to the Gateway’s SNMP information.
Set Community. Enter the password that allows read/write access to the Gateway’s SNMP information.
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The Administration Tab
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UPnP
UPnP allows Windows XP to automatically configure the Gateway for various Internet applications, such as
gaming and videoconferencing.
UPnp. To enable UPnP, click Enabled.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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The Administration Tab
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Reporting
The Reporting tab provides you with a log of all incoming and outgoing URLs or IP addresses for your Internet
connection. It also provides logs for VPN and firewall events.
Log
Log. To enable log reporting, click Enabled.
•
Logviewer IP Address. Enter the IP Address to receive logs into the field.
Email Alerts
E-Mail Alerts. To enable E-Mail Alerts, click Enabled.
Figure 5-26: Administration tab - Reporting
•
•
•
•
Denial of Service Thresholds. Enter the thresholds of events you want to receive.
SMTP Mail Server. Enter the IP Address of the SMTP server in the field.
E-Mail Address for Alert Logs. Enter the e-mail address for alert logs in the field.
Return E-Mail address. Enter the address for the return e-mail.
SMTP: the standard e-mail protocol on the Internet
To view the logs, click the View Logs button.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Chapter 5: Configuring the ADSL Gateway
The Administration Tab
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Diagnostics
Ping Test
Ping Test Parameters
•
Ping Target IP. Enter the IP Address that you want to ping in the field. This can be either a local (LAN) IP or an
Internet (WAN) IP address.
•
•
•
•
•
Ping Size. Enter the size of the ping packets.
No. of Pings. Enter the number of times that you want to ping.
Ping Interval. Enter the ping interval in milliseconds.
Ping Timeout. Enter the time in milliseconds.
Figure 5-27: Adminstration tab - Diagnostics
Ping Result. The results of the ping test will be shown here.
Click the Start Test button to start the Ping Test.
Factory Defaults
Restore Factory Defaults. If you have exhausted all other options and wish to restore the Gateway to its factory
default settings and lose all your settings, click Yes.
To begin the restore process, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click the Cancel Changes
button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-28: Administration tab - Factory Defaults
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The Administration Tab
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Firmware Upgrade
To upgrade the Gateway’s firmware:
1. Click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file that you downloaded from the international Linksys
website and then extracted.
2. Double-click the firmware file you downloaded and extracted. Click the Upgrade button, and follow the
instructions there.
Figure 5-29: Administration tab - Firmware Upgrade
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The Administration Tab
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
The Status Tab
Gateway
This screen displays information about your Gateway and its WAN (Internet) Connections.
Gateway Information
Gateway Information displays the Software Version, MAC Address, and Current Time.
Internet Connections
The Internet Connections displayed are the ADSL Link, PPP Login, Internt IP Address, Public Subnet Mask, Default
Gateway, and Primary DNS Server.
System Statistics
System Statistics displays the Packets Sent and Packets Received.
Figure 5-30: Status tab - Gateway
Click the Refresh button if you want to Refresh your screen.
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Local Network
The Local Network information that is displayed is the Local Mac Address, IP Address, Subnet Mask, and DHCP
Server. To view the DHCP Clients Table, click the DHCP Clients button.
DHCP Clients Table. Click the DHCP Clients Table button to show the current DHCP Client data. You will see the
MAC address, computer name, and IP address of the network clients using the DHCP server. (This data is stored
in temporary memory and changes periodically.) To remove a client from the DHCP server, select the client from
the list, then click Release.
Click the Refresh button if you want to Refresh your screen.
Figure 5-31: Status tab - Local Network
Figure 5-32: DHCP Active IP Table
DSL Connection
The DSL Connection information that is displayed is the Status, Downstream Rate, Upstream Rate, Encapsulation,
VPI, VCI, and Multiplexing.
Click the Refresh button if you want to Refresh your screen.
Figure 5-33: Status tab - DSL Connection
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The Status Tab
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Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This appendix consists of two parts: “Common Problems and Solutions” and “Frequently Asked Questions.”
Provided are possible solutions to problems that may occur during the installation and operation of the Gateway.
Read the descriptions below to help you solve your problems. If you can’t find an answer here, check the Linksys
Common Problems and Solutions
1. I need to set a static IP address on a computer.
You can assign a static IP address to a computer by performing the following steps:
•
For Windows 98 and Me:
1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network.
2. In The following network components are installed box, select the TCP/IP-> associated with your
Ethernet Adapter. If you only have one Ethernet Adapter installed, you will only see one TCP/IP line
with no association to an Ethernet Adapter. Highlight it and click the Properties button.
3. In the TCP/IP properties window, select the IP address tab, and select Specify an IP address. Enter a
unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the Gateway.
Make sure that each IP address is unique for each computer or network device.
4. Click the Gateway tab, and in the New Gateway prompt, enter 192.168.1.1, which is the default IP
address of the Gateway. Click the Add button to accept the entry.
5. Click the DNS tab, and make sure the DNS Enabled option is selected. Enter the Host and Domain
names (e.g., John for Host and home for Domain). Enter the DNS entry provided by your ISP. If your
ISP has not provided the DNS IP address, contact your ISP to get that information or go to its website
for the information.
6. Click the OK button in the TCP/IP properties window, and click Close or the OK button for the Network
window.
7. Restart the computer when asked.
•
For Windows 2000:
1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections.
2. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet Adapter you are using, and
select the Properties option.
3. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and
click the Properties button. Select Use the following IP address option.
4. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the
Gateway.
5. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.
6. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Gateway’s default IP address).
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Common Problems and Solutions
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
7. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and enter the
Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its
website to find the information.
8. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, and click the OK button in the
Local Area Connection Properties window.
9. Restart the computer if asked.
•
For Windows XP:
The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with the default interface. If you are using
the Classic interface (where the icons and menus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the
instructions for Windows 2000.
1. Click Start and Control Panel.
2. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the Network Connections icon.
3. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet Adapter you are using,
and select the Properties option.
4. In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Click
the Properties button.
5. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the
Gateway.
6. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.
7. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Gateway’s default IP address).
8. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and enter the
Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its
website to find the information.
9. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click the OK button in the
Local Area Connection Properties window.
2. I want to test my Internet connection.
A. Check your TCP/IP settings.
For Windows 98, Me, 2000, and XP:
•
Refer to “Appendix E: Windows Help” for details on how to configure your computers. Make sure that
Obtain IP address automatically is selected in your settings for each computer.
For Windows NT 4.0:
•
•
•
Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click the Network icon.
Click the Protocol tab, and double-click on TCP/IP Protocol.
When the window appears, make sure you have selected the correct Ethernet Adapter and set it for
Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.
•
•
Click the OK button in the TCP/IP Protocol Properties window, and click the Close button in the Network
window.
Restart the computer if asked.
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Common Problems and Solutions
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
B. Open a command prompt.
For Windows 98 and Me:
•
Click Start and Run. In the Open field, type in command. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.
For Windows NT, 2000, and XP:
•
Click Start and Run. In the Open field, type cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button. In the
command prompt, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press the Enter key.
•
•
If you get a reply, the computer is communicating with the Gateway.
If you do NOT get a reply, please check the cable, and make sure Obtain an IP address automatically is
selected in the TCP/IP settings for your Ethernet Adapter.
C. In the command prompt, type ping followed by your Internet or WAN IP address and press the Enter key.
The Internet or WAN IP Address can be found on the Status screen of the Gateway’s web-based utility. For
example, if your Internet or WAN IP address is 1.2.3.4, you would enter ping 1.2.3.4 and press the Enter
key.
•
•
If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Gateway.
If you do NOT get a reply, try the ping command from a different computer to verify that your original
computer is not the cause of the problem.
•
If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Internet. If you cannot open a webpage, try the ping
command from a different computer to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.
If you do NOT get a reply, there may be a problem with the connection. Try the ping command from a
different computer to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.
•
3. I am not getting an IP address on the Internet with my Internet connection.
•
Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify that you have connectivity.
1. Make sure you are using the right Internet connection settings. Contact your ISP to see if your Internet
connection type is RFC 1483 Bridged, RFC 1483 Routed, RFC 2516 PPPoE, or RFC 2364 PPPoA. Please
refer to the Setup section of “Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway” for details on Internet connection
settings.
2. Make sure you have the right cable. Check to see if the Gateway column has a solidly lit ADSL LED.
3. Make sure the cable connecting from your Gateway’s ADSL port is connected to the wall jack of the
ADSL service line. Verify that the Status page of the Gateway’s web-based utility shows a valid IP
address from your ISP.
4. Turn off the computer and Gateway. Wait 30 seconds, and then turn on the Gateway, and computer.
Check the Status tab of the Gateway’s web-based utility to see if you get an IP address.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
4. I am not able to access the Setup page of the Gateway’s web-based utility.
•
Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify that your computer is properly
connected to the Gateway.
1. Refer to “Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP address for Your Ethernet Adapter” to verify
that your computer has an IP Address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, and DNS.
2. Set a static IP address on your system; refer to “Problem #1: I need to set a static IP address.”
3. Refer to “Problem #10: I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window (for PPPoE
users).”
5. I can’t get my Virtual Private Network (VPN) working through the Gateway.
to the Security tab. Make sure you have IPsec passthrough and/or PPTP pass-through enabled.
•
VPNs that use IPSec with the ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload known as protocol 50) authentication
will work fine. At least one IPSec session will work through the Gateway; however, simultaneous IPSec
sessions may be possible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs.
•
•
VPNs that use IPSec and AH (Authentication Header known as protocol 51) are incompatible with the
Gateway. AH has limitations due to occasional incompatibility with the NAT standard.
Change the IP address for the Gateway to another subnet to avoid a conflict between the VPN IP address
and your local IP address. For example, if your VPN server assigns an IP address 192.168.1.X (X is a
number from 1 to 254) and your local LAN IP address is 192.168.1.X (X is the same number used in the
VPN IP address), the Gateway will have difficulties routing information to the right location. If you change
the Gateway’s IP address to 192.168.2.1, that should solve the problem. Change the Gateway’s IP address
through the Setup tab of the web interface.
•
•
•
If you assigned a static IP address to any computer or network device on the network, you need to change
its IP address accordingly to 192.168.2.Y (Y being any number from 1 to 254). Note that each IP address
must be unique within the network.
Your VPN may require port 500/UDP packets to be passed to the computer that is connecting to the IPSec
server. Refer to “Problem #7, I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications” for
details.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions
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6. I need to set up a server behind my Gateway and make it available to the public.
To use a server like a web, ftp, or mail server, you need to know the respective port numbers they are using.
For example, port 80 (HTTP) is used for web; port 21 (FTP) is used for FTP, and port 25 (SMTP outgoing) and
port 110 (POP3 incoming) are used for the mail server. You can get more information by viewing the
documentation provided with the server you installed.
•
Follow these steps to set up port forwarding through the Gateway’s web-based utility. We will be setting
up web, ftp, and mail servers.
Gateway. Go to the Applications and Gaming => Port Range Forwarding tab.
2. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.
3. Enter the External Port range of the service you are using. For example, if you have a web server, you
would enter the range 80 to 80.
4. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP.
5. Enter the IP address of the computer or network device that you want the port server to go to. For
example, if the web server’s Ethernet Adapter IP address is 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the
field provided. Check “Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet
Adapter” for details on getting an IP address.
6. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider the example below:
Customized Application
Web server
FTP server
SMTP (outgoing)
POP3 (incoming)
External Port
80 to 80
21 to 21
25 to 25
110 to 110
TCP
X
X
X
X
UDP
IP Address
Enable
192.168.1.100
192.168.1.101
192.168.1.102
192.168.1.102
X
X
X
X
When you have completed the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
7. I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications.
If you want to play online games or use Internet applications, most will work without doing any port
forwarding or DMZ hosting. There may be cases when you want to host an online game or Internet
application. This would require you to set up the Gateway to deliver incoming packets or data to a specific
computer. This also applies to the Internet applications you are using. The best way to get the information on
what port services to use is to go to the website of the online game or application you want to use. Follow
these steps to set up online game hosting or use a certain Internet application:
1. Access the Gateway’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Gateway.
Go to the Applications and Gaming => Port Range Forwarding tab.
2. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.
3. Enter the External Port range of the service you are using. For example, if you want to host Unreal
Tournament (UT), you would enter the range 7777 to 27900.
4. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP.
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Common Problems and Solutions
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
5. Enter the IP address of the computer or network device that you want the port server to go to. For
example, if the web server’s Ethernet Adapter IP address is 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the
field provided. Check “Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet
Adapter” for details on getting an IP address.
6. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider the example below:
Customized Application
UT
Halflife
PC Anywhere
VPN IPSEC
External Port
7777 to 27900
27015 to 27015
5631 to 5631
500 to 500
TCP UDP IP Address
Enable
X
X
X
X
X
X
192.168.1.100
192.168.1.105
192.168.1.102
192.168.1.100
X
X
X
X
When you have completed the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
8. I can’t get the Internet game, server, or application to work.
If you are having difficulties getting any Internet game, server, or application to function properly, consider
exposing one computer to the Internet using DeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) hosting. This option is available when
an application requires too many ports or when you are not sure which port services to use. Make sure you
disable all the forwarding entries if you want to successfully use DMZ hosting, since forwarding has priority
over DMZ hosting. (In other words, data that enters the Gateway will be checked first by the forwarding
settings. If the port number that the data enters from does not have port forwarding, then the Gateway will
send the data to whichever computer or network device you set for DMZ hosting.)
•
Follow these steps to set DMZ hosting:
Gateway. Go to the Applications and Gaming => DMZ tab. Click Enabled and enter the IP of the
computer.
2. Check the Port Forwarding pages and disable or remove the entries you have entered for forwarding.
Keep this information in case you want to use it at a later time.
Once completed with the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
•
9. I forgot my password, or the password prompt always appears when I am saving settings to the
Gateway.
•
Reset the Gateway to factory default by pressing the Reset button for 10 seconds and then releasing it. If
you are still getting prompted for a password when saving settings, then perform the following steps:
Gateway. Enter the default username and password admin, and click the Administrations =>
Management tab.
2. Enter a different password in the Gateway Password field, and enter the same password in the
second field to confirm the password.
3. Click the Save Settings button.
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Common Problems and Solutions
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
10.I am a PPPoE user, and I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window.
If you have proxy settings, you need to disable these on your computer. Because the Gateway is the gateway
for the Internet connection, the computer does not need any proxy settings to gain access. Please follow
these directions to verify that you do not have any proxy settings and that the browser you use is set to
connect directly to the LAN.
•
For Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher:
1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Internet Options.
2. Click the Connections tab.
3. Click the LAN settings button and remove anything that is checked.
4. Click the OK button to go back to the previous screen.
5. Click the option Never dial a connection. This will remove any dial-up pop-ups for PPPoE users.
•
For Netscape 4.7 or higher:
1. Start Netscape Navigator, and click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxies.
2. Make sure you have Direct connection to the Internet selected on this screen.
3. Close all the windows to finish.
11.To start over, I need to set the Gateway to factory default.
Hold the Reset button for 10 seconds and then release it. This will return the Internet settings, password,
forwarding, and other settings on the Gateway to the factory default settings. In other words, the Gateway will
revert to its original factory configuration.
12.I need to upgrade the firmware.
In order to upgrade the firmware with the latest features, you need to go to the Linksys website and download
•
Follow these steps:
1. Go to the Linksys website at http://www.linksys.com/international and download the latest firmware.
2. To upgrade the firmware, follow the steps in the Administration section found in “Chapter 5:
Configuring the Gateway.”
13.The firmware upgrade failed, and/or the Power LED is flashing.
The upgrade could have failed for a number of reasons. Follow these steps to upgrade the firmware and/or
make the Power LED stop flashing:
•
If the firmware upgrade failed, use the TFTP program (it was downloaded along with the firmware). Open
the pdf that was downloaded along with the firmware and TFTP program, and follow the pdf’s
instructions.
•
Set a static IP address on the computer; refer to “Problem #1, I need to set a static IP address.” Use the
following IP address settings for the computer you are using:
IP Address: 192.168.1.50
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Common Problems and Solutions
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
•
Perform the upgrade using the TFTP program or the Gateway’s web-based utility through its
Administration tab.
14.My DSL service’s PPPoE is always disconnecting.
PPPoE is not actually a dedicated or always-on connection. The DSL ISP can disconnect the service after a
period of inactivity, just like a normal phone dial-up connection to the Internet.
•
There is a setup option to “keep alive” the connection. This may not always work, so you may need to re-
establish connection periodically.
1. To connect to the Gateway, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of
the Gateway.
2. Enter the username and password, if asked. (The default username and password is admin.)
3. On the Setup screen, select the option Keep Alive, and set the Redial Period option at 20 (seconds).
4. Click the Save Settings button. Click the Status tab, and click the Connect button.
5. You may see the login status display as Connecting. Press the F5 key to refresh the screen, until you
see the login status display as Connected.
6. Click the Save Settings button to continue.
If the connection is lost again, follow steps 1- 6 to re-establish connection.
•
15.I can’t access my e-mail, web, or VPN, or I am getting corrupted data from the Internet.
The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) setting may need to be adjusted. By default, the MTU is set
automatically.
•
If you are having some difficulties, perform the following steps:
1. To connect to the Gateway, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of
the Gateway.
2. Enter the username and password, if asked. (The default username and password is admin.)
3. Look for the MTU option, and select Manual. In the Size field, enter 1492.
4. Click the Save Settings button to continue.
If your difficulties continue, change the Size to different values. Try this list of values, one value at a time,
•
in this order, until your problem is solved:
1462
1400
1362
1300
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Common Problems and Solutions
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
16.The Power LED flashes continuously.
The Power LED lights up when the device is first powered up. In the meantime, the system will boot up itself
and check for proper operation. After finishing the checking procedure, the LED remains steady to show that
the system is working fine. If the LED continues to flash after this time, the device is not working properly. Try
to flash the firmware by assigning a static IP address to the computer, and then upgrade the firmware. Try
using the following settings, IP Address: 192.168.1.50 and Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0.
17.When I enter a URL or IP address, I get a time-out error or am prompted to retry.
•
Check if other computers work. If they do, ensure that your computer’s IP settings are correct (IP Address,
Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS). Restart the computer that is having a problem.
If the computers are configured correctly, but still not working, check the Gateway. Ensure that it is
connected and powered on. Connect to it and check its settings. (If you cannot connect to it, check the
LAN and power connections.)
•
•
If the Gateway is configured correctly, check your Internet connection (DSL/cable modem, etc.) to see if it
is working correctly. You can remove the Gateway to verify a direct connection.
•
•
Manually configure the TCP/IP settings with a DNS address provided by your ISP.
Make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet
Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then the Connection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is
set to Never dial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxy.
Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to the Internet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the maximum number of IP addresses that the Gateway will support?
The Gateway will support up to 253 IP addresses.
Is IPSec Passthrough supported by the Gateway?
Yes, it is a built-in feature that is enabed by default.
Where is the Gateway installed on the network?
In a typical environment, the Gateway is installed between the ADSL wall jack and the LAN.
Does the Gateway support IPX or AppleTalk?
No. TCP/IP is the only protocol standard for the Internet and has become the global standard for communications.
IPX, a NetWare communications protocol used only to route messages from one node to another, and AppleTalk,
a communications protocol used on Apple and Macintosh networks, can be used for LAN to LAN connections, but
those protocols cannot connect from the Internet to a LAN.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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Does the LAN connection of the Gateway support 100Mbps Ethernet?
The Gateway supports 100Mbps over the auto-sensing Fast Ethernet 10/100 switch on the LAN side of the
Gateway.
What is Network Address Translation and what is it used for?
Network Address Translation (NAT) translates multiple IP addresses on the private LAN to one public address that
is sent out to the Internet. This adds a level of security since the address of a computer connected to the private
LAN is never transmitted on the Internet. Furthermore, NAT allows the Gateway to be used with low cost Internet
accounts when only one TCP/IP address is provided by the ISP. The user may have many private addresses
behind this single address provided by the ISP.
Does the Gateway support any operating system other than Windows 98SE, Windows Millennium,
Windows 2000, or Windows XP?
Yes, but Linksys does not, at this time, provide technical support for setup, configuration or troubleshooting of
any non-Windows operating systems.
Does the Gateway support ICQ send file?
Yes, with the following fix: click ICQ menu -> preference -> connections tab->, and check I am behind a firewall
or proxy. Then set the firewall time-out to 80 seconds in the firewall setting. The Internet user can then send a file
to a user behind the Gateway.
I set up an Unreal Tournament Server, but others on the LAN cannot join. What do I need to do?
If you have a dedicated Unreal Tournament server running, you need to create a static IP for each of the LAN
computers and forward ports 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, and 27900 to the IP address of the server. You can
also use a port forwarding range of 7777 ~ 27900. If you want to use the UT Server Admin, forward another port.
(Port 8080 usually works well but is used for remote admin. You may have to disable this.) Then in the
[UWeb.WebServer] section of the server.ini file, set the ListenPort to 8080 (to match the mapped port above) and
ServerName to the IP assigned to the Gateway from your ISP.
Can multiple gamers on the LAN get on one game server and play simultaneously with just one public IP
address?
It depends on which network game or what kind of game server you are using. For example, Unreal Tournament
supports multi-login with one public IP.
How do I get Half-Life: Team Fortress to work with the Gateway?
The default client port for Half-Life is 27005. The computers on your LAN need to have “+clientport 2700x”
added to the HL shortcut command line; the x would be 6, 7, 8, and on up. This lets multiple computers connect
to the same server. One problem: Version 1.0.1.6 won’t let multiple computers with the same CD key connect at
the same time, even if on the same LAN (not a problem with 1.0.1.3). As far as hosting games, the HL server does
not need to be in the DMZ. Just forward port 27015 to the local IP address of the server computer.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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The web page hangs; downloads are corrupt, or nothing but junk characters are being displayed on the
screen. What do I need to do?
Force your Ethernet Adapter to 10Mbps, and turn off the “Auto-negotiate” feature of your Ethernet Adapter as a
temporary measure. (Please look at the Network Control Panel in your Ethernet Adapter’s Advanced Properties
tab.) Make sure that your proxy setting is disabled in the browser. Check our website at www.linksys.com/
international for more information.
If all else fails in the installation, what can I do?
Reset the Gateway by holding down the reset button until the Power LED fully turns on and off. Reset your DSL
modem by powering the unit off and then on. Obtain and flash the latest firmware release that is readily available
How will I be notified of new Gateway firmware upgrades?
downloaded for free. To upgrade the Gateway’s firmware, use the Administration tab of the Gateway’s web-
based utility. If the Gateway’s Internet connection is working well, there is no need to download a newer
firmware version, unless that version contains new features that you would like to use.
Will the Gateway function in a Macintosh environment?
Yes, but the Gateway’s setup pages are accessible only through Internet Explorer 4.0 or Netscape Navigator 4.0
or higher for Macintosh.
I am not able to get the web configuration screen for the Gateway. What can I do?
You may have to remove the proxy settings on your Internet browser, e.g., Netscape Navigator or Internet
Explorer. Check with your browser documentation, and make sure that your browser is set to connect directly
and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then the Connection tab.
Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Never dial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit,
Preferences, Advanced, and Proxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to the Internet.
What is DMZ Hosting?
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) allows one IP address (computer) to be exposed to the Internet. Some applications
require multiple TCP/IP ports to be open. You should set your computer with a static IP if you want to use DMZ
Hosting. To get the LAN IP address, see “Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet
Adapter.”
If DMZ Hosting is used, does the exposed user share the public IP with the Gateway?
No.
Does the Gateway pass PPTP packets or actively route PPTP sessions?
The Gateway allows PPTP packets to pass through.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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Is the Gateway cross-platform compatible?
Any platform that supports Ethernet and TCP/IP is compatible with the Gateway.
How many ports can be simultaneously forwarded?
Theoretically, the Gateway can establish 520 sessions at the same time, but you can only forward 10 ranges of
ports.
What are the advanced features of the Gateway?
The Gateway’s advanced features include Filters, Port Forwarding, Routing, and DDNS.
What is the maximum number of VPN sessions allowed by the Gateway?
The maximum number depends on many factors. At least one IPSec session will work through the Gateway;
however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may be possible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs.
How can I check whether I have static or DHCP IP Addresses?
Consult your ISP to obtain this information.
How do I get mIRC to work with the Gateway?
Under the Port Forwarding tab, set port forwarding to 113 for the computer on which you are using mIRC.
Can the Gateway act as my DHCP server?
Yes. The Gateway has DHCP server software built-in.
What is a MAC Address?
The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique number assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet
networking device, such as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level. For all
practical purposes, this number is usually permanent. Unlike IP addresses, which can change every time a
computer logs onto the network, the MAC address of a device stays the same, making it a valuable identifier for
the network.
How do I reset the Gateway?
Press the Reset button on the back panel for about ten seconds. This will reset the Gateway to its default settings.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000
or XP Computer and the Gateway
Introduction
This document demonstrates how to establish a secure IPSec tunnel using preshared keys to join a private
network inside the Gateway and a Windows 2000 or XP computer. You can find detailed information on
configuring the Windows 2000 server at the Microsoft website:
NOTE: Keep a record of any changes you make. Those
changes will be identical in the Windows “secpol”
application and the Router’s Web-Based Utility.
Microsoft KB Q252735 - How to Configure IPSec Tunneling in Windows 2000
Microsoft KB Q257225 - Basic IPSec Troubleshooting in Windows 2000
Environment
The IP addresses and other specifics mentioned in this appendix are for illustration purposes only.
NOTE: This section’s instructions and figures refer to
the Router. Substitute “Gateway” for “Router”. Also, the
text on your screen may differ from the text in your
instructions for “OK or Close”; click the appropriate
button on your screen.
Windows 2000 or Windows XP
IP Address: 140.111.1.2 <= User ISP provides IP Address; this is only an example.
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
AG041
WAN IP Address: 140.111.1.1 <= User ISP provides IP Address; this is only an example.
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
LAN IP Address: 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
Introduction
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
Step 1: Create an IPSec Policy
1. Click the Start button, select Run, and type secpol.msc in the Open field. The Local Security Setting screen
will appear.
Figure B-1: Local Security Screen
2. Right-click IP Security Policies on Local Computer (Win XP) or IP Security Policies on Local Machine
(Win 2000), and click Create IP Security Policy.
NOTE: The references in this section to “win” are
references to Windows 2000 and XP. Substitute the
references to “Router” with “Gateway”. Also, the text
on your screen may differ from the text in your
instructions for “OK or Close”; click the appropriate
button on your screen.
3. Click the Next button, and then enter a name for your policy (for example, to_Router). Then, click Next.
4. Deselect the Activate the default response rule check box, and then click the Next button.
5. Click the Finish button, making sure the Edit check box is checked.
Step 2: Build Filter Lists
Filter List 1: win->Router
1. In the new policy’s properties screen, verify that the Rules tab is selected. Deselect the Use Add Wizard
check box, and click the Add button to create a new rule.
2. Make sure the IP Filter List tab is selected, and click the Add button. The IP Filter List screen should appear.
Enter an appropriate name, such as win->Router, for the filter list, and de-select the Use Add Wizard check
box. Then, click the Add button.
Figure B-2: Rules Tab
Figure B-3: IP Filter List Tab
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
3. The Filters Properties screen will appear. Select the Addressing tab. In the Source address field, select My IP
Address. In the Destination address field, select A specific IP Subnet, and fill in the IP Address: 192.168.1.0
and Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0. (These are the Router’s default settings. If you have changed these
settings, enter your new values.)
4. If you want to enter a description for your filter, click the Description tab and enter the description there.
Figure B-4: IP Filter LIst
5. Click the OK button. Then, click the OK or Close button on the IP Filter List window.
Filter List 2: Router ->win
6. The New Rule Properties screen will appear. Select the IP Filter List tab, and make sure that win -> Router
is highlighted. Then, click the Add button.
Figure B-5: Filters Properties
Figure B-6: New Rule Properties
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
7. The IP Filter List screen should appear. Enter an appropriate name, such as Router->win for the filter list, and
de-select the Use Add Wizard check box. Click the Add button.
8. The Filters Properties screen will appear. Select the Addressing tab. In the Source address field, select A
specific IP Subnet, and enter the IP Address: 192.168.1.0 and Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0. (Enter your new
values if you have changed the default settings.) In the Destination address field, select My IP Address.
Figure B-7: IP Filter List
9. If you want to enter a description for your filter, click the Description tab and enter the description there.
10. Click the OK or Close button and the New Rule Properties screen should appear with the IP Filer List tab
selected. There should now be a listing for “Router -> win” and “win -> Router”. Click the OK (for WinXP) or
Close (for Win2000) button on the IP Filter List window.
Figure B-8: Filters Properties
Figure B-9: New Rule Properties
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Step 3: Configure Individual Tunnel Rules
Tunnel 1: win->Router
1. From the IP Filter List tab, click the filter list win->Router.
2. Click the Filter Action tab, and click the filter action Require Security radio button. Then, click the Edit
button.
Figure B-10: IP Filter List Tab
3. From the Security Methods tab, verify that the Negotiate security option is enabled, and deselect the Accept
unsecured communication, but always respond using IPSec check box. Select Session key Perfect
Forward Secrecy, and click the OK button.
Figure B-11: Filter Acton Tab
Figure B-12: Security Methods Tab
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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4. Select the Authentication Methods tab, and click the Edit button.
5. Change the authentication method to Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key) and
enter the preshared key string, such as XYZ12345. Click the OK button.
Figure B-13: Authentication Methods
6. This new Preshared key will be displayed. Click the Apply button to continue, if it appears on your screen,
otherwise proceed to the next step.
Figure B-14: Preshared Key
Figure B-15: New Preshared Key
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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7. Select the Tunnel Setting tab and click The tunnel endpoint is specified by this IP Address radio button.
Then, enter the Router’s WAN IP Address.
8. Select the Connection Type tab and click All network connections. Then, click the OK or Close button to
finish this rule.
Figure B-16: Tunnel Setting Tab
Figure B-17: Connection Type Tab
Figure B-18: Properties Screen
Tunnel 2: Router->win
9. In the new policy’s properties screen, make sure that “win -> Router” is selected and deselect the Use Add
Wizard check box. Then, click the Add button to create the second IP filter.
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
10. Go to the IP Filter List tab, and click the filter list Router->win.
11. Click the Filter Action tab, and select the filter action Require Security. Then, click the Edit button. From the
Security Methods tab, verify that the Negotiate security option is enabled, and deselect the Accept
unsecured communication, but always respond using IPSec check box. Select Session key Perfect
Forward Secrecy, and click the OK button.
Figure B-19: IP Filter List Tab
12. Click the Authentication Methods tab, and verify that the authentication method Kerberos is selected. Then,
click the Edit button.
Figure B-20: Filter Action Tab
Figure B-21: Authentication Methods Tab
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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13. Change the authentication method to Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key), and
enter the preshared key string, such as XYZ12345. (This is a sample key string. Yours should be a key that is
unique but easy to remember.) Then click the OK button.
14. This new Preshared key will be displayed. Click the Apply button to continue, if it appears on your screen,
otherwise proceed to the next step.
Figure B-22: Preshared Key
15. Click the Tunnel Setting tab, click the radio button for The tunnel endpoint is specified by this IP Address,
and enter the Windows 2000/XP computer’s IP Address.
Figure B-23: New Preshared Key
Figure B-24: Tunnel Setting Tab
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
16. Click the Connection Type tab, and select All network connections. Then click the OK or Close button to
finish.
17. From the Rules tab, click the OK or Close button to return to the secpol screen.
Figure B-25: Connection Type
Step 4: Assign New IPSec Policy
In the IP Security Policies on Local Computer window, right-click the policy named to_Router, and click Assign. A
green arrow appears in the folder icon.
Figure B-26: Rules
Figure B-27: Local Computer
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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Step 5: Create a Tunnel Through the Web-Based Utility
1. Open your web browser, and enter 192.168.1.1 in the Address field. Press the Enter key.
2. When the User name and Password field appears, enter the default user name and password admin. Press
the Enter key.
3. From the Setup tab, click the VPN tab.
4. From the VPN tab, select the tunnel you wish to create in the Select Tunnel Entry drop-down box. Then click
Enabled. Enter the name of the tunnel in the Tunnel Name field. This is to allow you to identify multiple
tunnels and does not have to match the name used at the other end of the tunnel.
5. Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the local VPN Router in the Local Secure Group fields. To allow
access to the entire IP subnet, enter 0 for the last set of IP Addresses. (e.g. 192.168.1.0).
6. Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel (the remote VPN Router
or device with which you wish to communicate) in the Remote Security Router fields.
7. Select fromtwo different types of encryption: DES or 3DES (3DES being more secure). You may choose either
of these, but it must be the same type of encryption that is being used by the VPN device at the other end of
the tunnel. Or, you may choose not to encrypt by selecting Disable.
8. Select from two types of authentication: MD5 and SHA (SHA being more secure). As with encryption, either
of these may be selected, provided that the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel is using the same type
of authentication. Or, both ends of the tunnel may choose to Disable authentication.
9. Select the Key Management. Select Auto (IKE) and enter a series of numbers or letters in the Pre-shared Key
field. Check the box next to PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) to ensure that the initial key exchange and IKE
proposals are secure. You may use any combination of up to 24 numbers or letters in this field. No special
characters or spaces are allowed. In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have the key expire at
the end of a time period of your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be useful, or
leave it blank for the key to last indefinitely.
Figure B-28: VPN Tab
10. Click the Save Settings button to save these changes.
Your tunnel should now be established.
Appendix B: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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AppendixC:FindingtheMACAddressandIPAddressforYour
Ethernet Adapter
This section describes how to find the MAC address for your computer’s Ethernet Adapter so you can use the
MAC filtering feature of the Gateway. You can also find the IP address of your computer’s Ethernet Adapter. This IP
address is used for the Gateway’s filtering, forwarding, and/or DMZ features. Follow the steps in this appendix to
find the Adapter’s MAC or IP address in Windows 98, Me, 2000, or XP.
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter winipcfg. Then press the Enter key or the OK button.
2. When the IP Configuration screen appears, select the Ethernet Adapter you have connected to the Gateway
via a CAT 5 Ethernet network cable.
3. Write down the Adapter Address as shown on your computer screen. This is the MAC address for your
Ethernet Adapter and is shown in hexadecimal as a series of numbers and letters.
Figure C-1: IP Configuration Screen
The MAC address/Adapter Address is what you will use for MAC filtering. The example shows the Ethernet
Adapters’s MAC address as 00-00-00-00-00-00. Your computer will show something different.
The example shows the Ethernet Adapter’s IP address as 192.168.1.100. Your computer may show something
different.
Note: The MAC address is also called the Adapter Address.
Figure C-2: MAC Address/Adapter Address
Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
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Windows 2000 or XP Instructions
1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.
Note: The MAC address is also called the Physical Address.
2. At the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key.
3. Write down the Physical Address as shown on your computer screen; it is the MAC address for your Ethernet
Adapter. This appears as a series of numbers and letters.
The MAC address/Physical Address is what you will use for MAC filtering. The example shows the Ethernet
Adapters’s MAC address as 00-00-00-00-00-00. Your computer will show something different.
Figure C-3: MAC Address/Physical Address
The example shows the Ethernet Adapter’s IP address as 192.168.1.100. Your computer may show something
different.
Appendix C: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter
Windows 2000 or XP Instructions
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Appendix D: Upgrading Firmware
The Gateway's firmware is upgraded through the Web-Utility's Firmware Upgrade tab from the Administration
tab. Follow these instructions:
1. Click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file that you downloaded from the Linksys international
website and then extracted.
2. Double-click the firmware file you downloaded and extracted. Click the Upgrade button, and follow the
instructions there.
Figure D-1: Upgrade Firmware
Appendix D: Upgrading Firmware
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Appendix E: Windows Help
Windows is the most used operating system in the world and comes with many features that help make
networking easier. These features can be accessed through Windows Help and are described in this appendix.
TCP/IP
Before a computer can communicate within a network, TCP/IP must be enabled. TCP/IP is a set of instructions, or
protocol, all computers follow to communicate over a network. Your computers will not be able to utilize wireless
networking without having TCP/IP enabled. Windows Help provides complete instructions on enabling TCP/IP.
Shared Resources
If you wish to share printers, folder, or files over your network, Windows Help provides complete instructions on
utilizing shared resources.
Network Neighborhood/My Network Places
Other computers on your network will appear under Network Neighborhood or My Network Places (depending
upon the version of Windows you're running). Windows Help provides complete instructions on adding computers
to your network.
Appendix E: Windows Help
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Appendix F: Glossary
Adapter - This is a device that adds network functionality to your computer.
Bit - A binary digit.
Boot - To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.
Bridge - A device that connects two different kinds of local networks, such as a wireless network to a wired
Ethernet network.
Broadband - An always-on, fast Internet connection.
Browser - An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the
World Wide Web.
Cable Modem - A device that connects a computer to the cable television network, which in turn connects to the
Internet.
DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) - Allows the hosting of a website, FTP server, or e-mail server with a
Default Gateway - A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A networking protocol that allows administrators to assign
temporary IP addresses to network computers by "leasing" an IP address to a user for a limited amount of time,
instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) - Removes the Router's firewall protection from one PC, allowing it to be "seen" from
the Internet.
DNS (Domain Name Server) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names of websites into IP
addresses.
Domain - A specific name for a network of computers.
Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - An always-on broadband connection over traditional phone lines.
Appendix F: Glossary
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Dynamic IP Address - A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.
Encryption - Encoding data transmitted in a network.
Ethernet - IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common
transmission medium.
Firewall - A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects the resources of a
network from users from other networks.
Firmware - The programming code that runs a networking device.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.
Gateway - A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications protocols.
Hardware - The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices.
HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World
Wide Web.
IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - An independent institute that develops networking
standards.
IP (Internet Protocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.
IP Address - The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.
IPCONFIG - A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer.
ISP (Internet Service Provider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.
LAN - The computers and networking products that make up your local network.
MAC (Media Access Control) Address - The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking
device.
mIRC - An Internet Relay Chat program that runs under Windows.
Multicasting - Sending data to a group of destinations at once.
Appendix F: Glossary
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NAT (Network Address Translation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local area network to a different
IP address for the Internet.
Network - A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or
transmission between users.
Node - A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.
Packet - A unit of data sent over a network.
Ping (Packet INternet Groper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - A standard mail server commonly used on the Internet.
Port - The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables or adapters.
PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication
(username and password) in addition to data transport.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to be
tunneled through an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe.
RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.
Router - A networking device that connects multiple networks together.
Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications,
and other services.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.
Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a
"program".
Static IP Address - A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.
Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.
Subnet Mask - An address code that determines the size of the network.
Appendix F: Glossary
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Switch - 1. A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of
devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an
electrical circuit.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires acknowledgement
from the recipient of data sent.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - A set of instructions PCs use to communicate over a
network.
Telnet - A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directory or password
capability.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that does not require acknowledgement
from the recipient of the data that is sent.
Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address of a file located on the Internet.
VPN (Virtual Private Network) - A security measure to protect data as it leaves one network and goes to another
over the Internet.
WAN (Wide Area Network)- The Internet.
WINIPCFG - A Windows 98 and Me utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
Appendix F: Glossary
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Appendix G: Specifications
Standards
IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, G.992.1 (G.dmt), G.992.2 (G.lite), T1.413i2
Ports
Power, LINE (ADSL), Ethernet (1-4)
Reset, Power Switch
Buttons
Cabling Type
LEDs
CAT 5 UTP (Ethernet), Standard Telephone (ADSL)
Power, Ethernet (1-4), DSL, Internet
Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI ) Firewall
186 mm x 154 mm x 48 mm
0.395 kg
Security features
Dimensions
Unit Weight
Power
External, 12V DC, 1A
Certifications
Operating Temp.
Storage Temp.
Operating Humidity
Storage Humidity
FCC, CE, UL
0ºC to 40ºC (32ºF to 104ºF)
-20ºC to 70ºC (-4ºF to 158ºF)
10% to 85% Non-Condensing
5% to 90% Non-Condensing
Appendix G: Specifications
70
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Appendix H: Warranty Information
LIMITED WARRANTY
Linksys warrants to You that, for a period of three years (the “Warranty Period”), your Linksys Product will be substantially
free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use. Your exclusive remedy and Linksys' entire liability under
this warranty will be for Linksys at its option to repair or replace the Product or refund Your purchase price less any rebates.
This limited warranty extends only to the original purchaser.
If the Product proves defective during the Warranty Period call Linksys Technical Support in order to obtain a Return
Authorization Number, if applicable. BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE ON HAND WHEN CALLING. If You are
requested to return the Product, mark the Return Authorization Number clearly on the outside of the package and include a
copy of your original proof of purchase. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. You
are responsible for shipping defective Products to Linksys. Linksys pays for UPS Ground shipping from Linksys back to You
only. Customers located outside of the United States of America and Canada are responsible for all shipping and handling
charges.
ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE LIMITED
TO THE DURATION OF THE WARRANTY PERIOD. ALL OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED. Some jurisdictions do not
allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to You. This warranty gives
You specific legal rights, and You may also have other rights which vary by jurisdiction.
This warranty does not apply if the Product (a) has been altered, except by Linksys, (b) has not been installed, operated,
repaired, or maintained in accordance with instructions supplied by Linksys, or (c) has been subjected to abnormal physical
or electrical stress, misuse, negligence, or accident. In addition, due to the continual development of new techniques for
intruding upon and attacking networks, Linksys does not warrant that the Product will be free of vulnerability to intrusion or
attack.
TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LINKSYS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST DATA, REVENUE OR PROFIT,
OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF
LIABILITY (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT
(INCLUDING ANY SOFTWARE), EVEN IF LINKSYS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT
WILL LINKSYS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT. The foregoing limitations will apply even if
any warranty or remedy provided under this Agreement fails of its essential purpose. Some jurisdictions do not allow the
exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to You.
This Warranty is valid and may be processed only in the country of purchase.
Please direct all inquiries to: Linksys, P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623.
71
Appendix H: Warranty Information
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Appendix I: Regulatory Information
FCC Statement
This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which is found by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
Increase the separation between the equipment or devices
Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver's
Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment
should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and your body.
Industry Canada (Canada)
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
The use of this device in a system operating either partially or completely outdoors may require the user to obtain a license
for the system according to the Canadian regulations.
72
Appendix I: Regulatory Information
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ADSL Gateway with 4-Port Switch
Appendix J: Contact Information
Need to contact Linksys?
Visit us online for information on the latest products and updates to your existing products at:
If you experience problems with any Linksys product, you can e-mail us at:
In Europe
Austria
E-mail Address
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom & Ireland
Outside of Europe
Latin America
E-mail Address
U.S. and Canada
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Appendix J: Contact Information
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