Gravely Lawn Mower 985103 User Guide

Professional 2-WheelTractor  
Service Manual  
Models 985103,104, 105, 107 - 115, 117  
08483800 08/00  
Printed in USA  
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SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION  
1.1 THE MANUAL  
1.4 UNAUTHORIZED REPLACEMENT  
PARTS  
The purpose of this manual is to provide complete  
instructions for service, maintenance, disassembly,  
repair, and installation of the mechanical components  
for the unit.  
Use only Gravely replacement parts. The replacement  
of any part on this vehicle with anything other than a  
Gravely authorized replacement part may adversely  
affect the performance, durability, or safety of this unit  
and may void the warranty. Gravely disclaims liability  
for any claims or damages, whether warranty, property  
damage, personal injury, or death arising out of the use  
of unauthorized replacement parts.  
Dealer trained service personnel should use this  
manual as a supplement to and reminder of the training  
sessions conducted by the company.  
Read all information for servicing a part or system  
before repair work is started to avoid needless  
disassembly.  
1.5 DISCLAIMER  
Operation  
Gravely reserves the right to discontinue, make  
changes to, and add improvements upon its products  
at any time without public notice or obligation. The  
descriptions and specifications contained in this  
manual were in effect at printing. Equipment described  
within this manual may be optional. Some illustrations  
may not be applicable to your unit.  
Before operation of the unit, carefully and completely  
read manuals supplied with the unit. The contents will  
provide you with an understanding of safety  
instructions and controls during normal operation and  
maintenance.  
Safety Messages  
For your safety and the safety of others always read,  
understand, and follow all DANGER, WARNING, and  
CAUTION messages found in manuals and on safety  
decals.  
1.6 TECHNICAL SERVICE  
COMMUNICATIONS  
Gravely Technical Service communicates information  
to the field using Service Letters, Service Bulletins,  
Product Notices, and Campaigns. Each  
Directional Reference  
All reference to left, right, front, or rear are given from  
the operator in the operator position and facing the  
direction of forward travel.  
communication signifies a type of information and  
priority. The dealer is responsible to carry out the  
directive provided in the communication. The types of  
communication are:  
1.2 SERVICE AND REPLACEMENT PARTS  
Service Letter - General technical information for the  
dealer. Technical information on how to service the  
product and product improvements.  
When ordering publications, replacement parts, or  
making service inquiries, know the Model and Serial  
numbers of your unit and engine.  
Service Bulletin - Notification to update products to  
resolve certain issues or a notification of a policy  
change.  
Numbers are located on the product registration form in  
the unit literature package. They are printed on a serial  
number label, located under the hood of your unit.  
Product Notices - Notification of limited product  
located in a certain region. This is a limited distribution  
to only those who received the product involved.  
1.3 PRODUCT REGISTRATION  
A warranty registration card must be filled out, signed,  
and returned at time of purchase. This card activates  
the warranty. Claims meeting requirements during  
limited warranty period will be honored.  
Campaigns - Notification of a safety related issue. All  
products must be updated and are tracked by the  
factory until all units are corrected.  
Specific Model and Serial Numbers are on a label  
located on the frame of your Tractor and on a label  
located on the product registration form. Record those  
numbers below and transfer the label from the product  
registration to place indicated below. Use these  
numbers whenever parts or service is required.  
1 -3  
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in the disassembly order on a clean work surface.  
Organization is a key part of proper reassembly.  
1.7 PREPARATION  
Before starting any removal of parts, proper  
preparation is very important for efficient work. A clean  
work area at the start of each job will allow you to  
perform service repairs easily and quickly.  
Tools, instruments, and parts needed for the job should  
be gathered before work is started. Interrupting a job to  
locate tools or parts is a needless delay.  
To reduce the incidence of misplaced tools or parts,  
place removed components with all attaching hardware  
SECTION 2 - SAFETY  
unsafe conditions and the possibility of minor,  
moderate, or serious injury or death. Learn applicable  
rules and laws in your area.  
2.1 SAFETY ALERTS  
Look for these symbols to point out  
important safety precautions. They  
mean:  
2.5 MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE  
Attention!  
Keep the equipment in good condition. Maintain it as  
directed in this manual. Check all hardware at regular  
intervals.  
Personal Safety Is Involved!  
Become Alert!  
Use only Gravely accessories, attachment and  
replacement parts.  
Obey The Message!  
2.2 SIGNAL WORDS  
Do not overspeed the engine. Do not override the  
governor.  
The safety alert symbol is used in decals on the unit  
and with proper operation procedures in this manual.  
They alert you to the existence and relative degree of  
hazards.  
Before making any repairs, adjustments inspections or  
cleaning unit disengage the PTO, turn off and remove  
the ignition key and wait for all motion to stop.  
Understand the safety message. It contains important  
information about personal safety on or near the unit.  
To reduce fire hazard and overheating, keep  
equipment free of grass, leaves, debris or excessive  
lubricants.  
DANGER: IMMINENTLY HAZARDOUS  
SITUATION! If not avoided, WILL RESULT in  
death or serious injury.  
Worn out mufflers can result in fire or explosion and  
should be replaced immediately.  
Never store equipment with gasoline in tank inside a  
building where fumes may reach an open flame or  
spark. Allow engine to cool before storing in any  
enclosure.  
WARNING: POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS  
SITUATION! If not avoided, COULD RESULT  
in death or serious injury.  
2.6 SAFETY RULES  
Improper use of this tractor can injure people and  
damage the equipment. People using or servicing this  
tractor must read and follow the instructions in this  
manual.  
CAUTION: POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS  
SITUATION! If not avoided, MAY RESULT in  
minor or moderate injury. It may also be used  
to alert against unsafe practices.  
It is important to understand that this manual and any  
other Gravely instruction manuals do not cover every  
possible danger. It is impossible for Gravely to know of  
all possible dangers in operating and servicing the  
tractor and attachments.  
2.3 NOTATIONS  
NOTE: General reference information for proper oper-  
ation and maintenance practices.  
IMPORTANT: Specific procedures or information  
required to prevent damage to unit or attachment.  
The purchaser must give these instructions to the  
people operating and maintaining this tractor. These  
people must use eye and foot protection.  
2.4 PRACTICES AND LAWS  
2.7 TRAINING  
Read this manual, the attachment manual and the  
engine manual carefully before operating unit.  
Practice usual and customary safe working  
precautions, for the benefit of yourself and others.  
Understand and follow all safety messages. Be alert to  
2 -4  
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Learn the location and function of all controls.  
only if at least one of the operator presence switches is  
depressed.  
Learn how to use the controls to stop the wheels and  
attachment quickly in an emergency.  
Do not use the equipment in the dark without adequate  
lighting.  
Understand and follow each danger, warning, caution  
and instruction decal installed on this product.  
Keep away from moving parts. Stay clear of the  
attachment whenever the engine is running.  
Never permit children to operate the Two-Wheel  
Tractor. Do not allow adults to operate it without proper  
instruction. Safe operation of this equipment requires  
your complete and unimpaired attention at all times. Do  
not operate unit after or during the consumption of  
drugs or alcohol.  
Do not let people other than the operator near the  
operating equipment. Never direct disengage the  
attachment drive when moving the tractor to and from  
work areas.  
Use a slow speed and engage the shift lever slowly  
when operating on slopes.  
Keep all people and animals away from the operating  
area.  
Travel across slopes, not up and down. Use extreme  
caution when changing direction on slopes. Do not  
operate on steep slopes.  
2.8 PREPARATION  
Use caution with gasoline. Gasoline is very flammable  
and its vapors are explosive. Keep it in a clean, tight  
and approved (Red) container. Never put gasoline in  
the fuel tank while the engine is running or hot. Clean  
up spilled gasoline before starting engine. Do not fill  
fuel tank indoors. Never allow smoking materials,  
sparks or flame (match, pilot light, etc.) near mower or  
fuel container. Replace fuel tank cap and fuel container  
cap securely.  
Look for and keep away from hazards, such as  
dropoffs. Stay alert for holes, rocks and other hidden  
hazards in the area of operation.  
After hitting an object, disengage the PTO, turn off and  
remove the ignition key and wait for all motion to stop.  
Check for damage. Repair any damage before  
restarting unit.  
Look behind when operating in reverse. Look for  
people and hazards.  
Inspect area of operation and remove all material  
which could be thrown by the attachment such as  
stones, sticks, wires and other foreign objects.  
Operate only from the operator’s position, just behind  
the handlebars.  
If there is a sudden change in the sound or vibration of  
the equipment, disengage the PTO, turn off and  
remove the ignition key, wait for all motion to stop and  
check for damage. Repair any damage or failure before  
restarting unit.  
When hauling the equipment, connect the chassis to  
the transporting vehicle. Never connect from control  
levers, rods, or like items that could be damaged.  
Replace all parts that become damaged or lost.  
Wear hand, foot, head, ear and eye protection. Do not  
wear loose clothing, which might get caught in rotating  
parts of the unit.  
Never run the engine indoors except to move it outside.  
Exhaust fumes are dangerous.  
Go slowly on slick surfaces. Always be sure of your  
footing, keep a firm grip on the handlebars and walk,  
never run.  
Before making adjustments, cleaning, removing  
obstructions or servicing the tractor or attachment  
move the PTO to "OFF", turn the ignition switch to  
"OFF", remove the ignition key and wait until all moving  
parts completely stop.  
Follow traffic laws when operating on or near a road.  
Before leaving the operator’s position, put the PTO  
lever in the "OFF" position, turn off and remove ignition  
key. Move the shift control to first gear position.  
WARNING: Always block wheels and know  
that jack stands or blocks used are stable,  
strong, or secure and will hold the weight of  
the unit during maintenance.  
Do not touch parts which might be hot from operation.  
Before attempting to maintain, adjust or service allow  
such parts to cool.  
2.9 OPERATION  
Be certain that all shields, guards, and interlock  
switches are in the correct position and operating  
properly.  
Before starting the engine, put the PTO lever in the  
"OFF" position and the gear shift lever in the neutral  
"N" position.  
Check the operation of the operator presence controls  
before operating the tractor. With either the PTO or the  
direction control lever engaged, the engine should run  
2 -5  
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SECTION 3 - SPECIFICATIONS  
Model Number  
985103  
985104  
985105  
985107  
Description  
8HP Gear Drive  
8HP Gear Drive  
8HP Gear Drive  
12 HP Gear Drive  
Brakes  
Optional, individual, 7" (17.8 cm) x 1.75" (4.4 cm) drum type  
Manual, optional power steering kit available  
Zero (with steering kit)  
Steering  
Turning Radius  
Minimum Uncut Circle  
Optional Tire Sizes  
-Stud Tread  
-Trac Tread  
-Turf-Chief  
Zero  
Zero  
Zero  
Zero  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 6.5" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 8.5" x 8", 4 ply  
16" x 5" x 3", 4 ply  
18 psi  
18" x 6.5" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 8.5" x 8", 4 ply  
16" x 5" x 3", 4 ply  
18 psi  
18" x 6.5" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 8.5" x 8", 4 ply  
16" x 5" x 3", 4 ply  
18 psi  
18" x 6.5" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 8.5" x 8", 4 ply  
16" x 5" x 3", 4 ply  
18 psi  
-Turf-Saver  
-Semi-Pneumatic  
Tire Pressure  
Battery  
12 volt, BCI group  
Kohler  
12 volt, BCI group  
Kohler  
12 volt, BCI group  
Kohler  
12 volt, BCI group  
Kohler  
Engine  
-Type  
K181T  
K181T  
K181S  
M12T (PS471525)  
12HP at 3600 RPM  
One  
-Horsepower  
-Number of Cylinders  
-Displacement  
-Fuel  
8HP at 3600 RPM  
One  
8HP at 3600 RPM  
One  
8HP at 3600 RPM  
One  
18 cu. in. (305.4 cc)  
18 cu. in. (305.4 cc)  
18 cu. in. (305.4 cc)  
29 cu. in. (476.5 cc)  
Gasoline, 87 minimum  
octane  
Gasoline, 87 minimum  
octane  
Gasoline, 87 minimum  
octane  
Gasoline, 87 minimum  
octane  
-Fuel Capacity  
-Cooling  
1.25 gals. (4.7 L)  
Air  
1.25 gals. 4.7 L)  
Air  
1.25 gals. (4.7 L)  
Air  
2.0 gals. (4.7 L)  
Air  
-Air Filter  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
-Lubrication  
-Oil Type  
Splash System  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
N/A  
Splash System  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
N/A  
Splash System  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
N/A  
Splash System  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
-Oil Capacity  
-Oil Filter  
Spin on oil filter  
12 volt, 15 amp  
-Charging System  
Transmission  
-Type  
Recoil  
Recoil  
12 volt, 15 amp  
All gear planetary transmission with fully enclosed PTO and immersion clutch  
SAE 30W API service class SF or higher  
-Oil Type  
-Oil Capacity  
-Cooling  
5 qts (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts (4.7 L)  
Air  
-Number of Speeds  
Speeds (with 18" tires)  
-Forward  
2 forward/2 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
1st - 2.0 mph (3.2 kph)  
2nd - 2.5 mph (4.0 kph)  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph)  
3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph)  
4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.4 mph (5.5 kph)  
-Reverse  
1st - 1.9 mph (3.1 kph)  
2nd - 2.4 mph (3.9 kph)  
1st - 1.2 mph (2.0 kph  
2nd - 1.6 mph (2.6 kph)  
3rd - 2.4 mph (3.9 kph)  
4th - 3.1 mph (5.0 kph)  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph)  
PTO  
-Type  
Internal Slip Clutch  
Internal Slip Clutch  
Internal Slip Clutch  
Internal Slip Clutch  
-Drive  
All gear shaft driven off high/low planetary  
High - 1179 RPM, low - 888 RPM at 3300 engine RPM  
Cast-iron transmission case with 7-gauge framing  
-Output Speeds  
Construction  
3 -6  
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Model Number  
985108  
985109  
985110  
985111  
Description  
12HP Gear Drive  
16HP Gear Drive  
8HP Gear Drive  
8HP Gear Drive  
Brakes  
Optional, individual, 7" (17.8 cm) x 1.75 (4.4 cm) drum type  
Manual, optional power steering kit available  
Zero (with steering kit)  
Steering  
Turning Radius  
Minimum Uncut Circle  
Optional Tire Sizes  
-Stud Tread  
-Trac Tread  
-Turf-Chief  
Zero  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
4" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 6.5" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 8.5" x 8", 4 ply  
16" x 5" x 3", 4 ply  
18 psi  
18" x 6.5" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 8.5" x 8", 4 ply  
16" x 5" x 3", 4 ply  
18 psi  
18" x 6.5" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 8.5" x 8", 4 ply  
16" x 5" x 3", 4 ply  
18 psi  
18" x 6.5" x 8", 4 ply  
18" x 8.5" x 8", 4 ply  
16" x 5" x 3", 4 ply  
18 psi  
-Turf-Saver  
-Semi-Pneumatic  
Tire Pressure  
Battery  
12 volt, BCI group  
Kohler  
12 volt, BCI group  
Briggs & Stratton  
303447  
None  
12 volt, BCI group  
Kohler  
Engine  
Kohler  
-Type  
M12S (PS471529)  
12HP at 3600 RPM  
One  
PS-301058  
PS-30159  
-Horsepower  
-Number of Cylinders  
-Displacement  
-Fuel  
16 HP at 3600 RPM  
Two  
8 HP at 3600 RPM  
One  
8 HP at 3600 RPM  
One  
29 cu. in. (477 cc)  
29.3 cu. in. (480 cc)  
18 cu. in. (305.4 cc)  
See Engine Manual  
18 cu. in. (305.4 cc)  
See Engine Manual  
Gasoline, 87 minimum  
octane  
Gasoline, 87 minimum  
octane  
-Fuel Capacity  
-Cooling  
2.0 gals. (7.5 L)  
Air  
1.5 gals. (5.7 L)  
Air  
1.25 gals. (4.7 L)  
Air  
1.25 gals. (4.7 L)  
Air  
-Air Filter  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
-Lubrication  
Splash System  
Full pressure pump with  
oil filter  
Splash System  
Splash System  
-Oil Type  
-Oil Capacity  
-Oil Filter  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
See Engine Manual  
3.0 pts. (1.4 L)  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
Spin on oil filter  
Recoil  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
Spin on oil filter  
12 volt, 15 amp  
Spin on oil filter  
12 volt, 16 amp  
Spin on oil filter  
12 volt, 15 amp  
-Charging System  
Transmission  
-Type  
All gear planetary transmission with fully enclosed PTO and immersion clutch  
SAE 30W API service class SF or higher  
-Oil Type  
-Oil Capacity  
-Cooling  
5 qts (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts (4.7 L)  
Air  
-Number of Speeds  
Speeds  
2 forward/2 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
-Forward  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph)  
3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph)  
4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph)  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph) 2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph) 2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph)  
3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph)  
4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph)  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph)  
4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph) 4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph)  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph) 1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph)  
-Reverse  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph)  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph) 2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph) 2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph) 4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
PTO  
-Type  
-Drive  
Internal Slip Clutch  
Internal Slip Clutch  
Internal Slip Clutch  
All gear shaft driven off All gear shaft driven off  
high/low planetary high/low planetary  
Internal Slip Clutch  
All gear shaft driven off  
high/low planetary  
All gear shaft driven off  
high/low planetary  
Output Speeds  
Construction  
High - 1179 RPM, low - 888 RPM at 3300 engine RPM  
Cast-iron transmission case with 7-gauge framing  
3 -7  
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Model Number  
985112  
985113  
985114  
985115  
Description  
12 HP  
12 HP  
16 HP  
8.5 HP  
Gear Drive  
N/A  
Gear Drive  
Gear Drive  
Gear Drive  
Brakes  
7 x 1.75" Drum Type  
Steering  
Manual, optional power steering kit available  
Turning Radius  
Minimum Uncut Circle  
Optional Tire Sizes  
-Stud Tread  
-Trac Tread  
-Turf-Chief  
Zero (with steering kit)  
Zero  
4.00-8  
4.00-8  
4.00-8  
4.00-8  
4.00-8  
4.00-8  
4.00-8  
4.00-8  
18" x 6.50"-8"  
18" x 8.50"-8"  
N/A  
18" x 6.50"-8"  
18" x 8.50"-8"  
N/A  
18" x 6.50"-8"  
18" x 8.50"-8"  
16" x 5" x 3"  
See Tire Sidewall  
12V BCI Group  
Briggs & Stratton  
303447  
18" x 6.50"-8"  
18" x 8.50"-8"  
16" x 5" x 3"  
See Tire Sidewall  
12V BCI Group  
Robin  
-Turf-Saver  
-Semi-Pneumatic  
Tire Pressure  
Battery  
18 psi (124 Kn/m2)  
12V BCI Group  
Kohler  
18 psi (124 Kn/m2)  
12V BCI Group  
Kohler  
Engine  
-Type  
PS-471529  
12 HP  
PS-471529  
12 HP  
EH252-0225T  
8.5 HP  
-Horsepower  
-Number of Cylinders  
-Displacement  
-Fuel  
16 HP  
One  
One  
Two  
One  
29.3 cu. in. (480 cc)  
Auto Gasoline  
1.5 gals. (5.7 L)  
Air  
15.31 cu. in. (251 cc)  
Auto Gasoline  
1.5 gals. (5.7 L)  
Air  
See Engine Manual  
2.0 gals. (7.5 L)  
Air  
See Engine Manual  
2.0 gals. (7.5 L)  
Air  
-Fuel Capacity  
-Cooling  
-Air Filter  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
Dual Element with  
PreCleaner  
-Lubrication  
-Oil Type  
Splash Type  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
Splash Type  
See Engine Manual  
2.5 pts. (1.2 L)  
Pump w/oil filter  
See Engine Manual  
3.0 pts. (1.4 L)  
Splash Type  
SAE 20#, 30# 10W-30  
2.1 pts. (1.0 L)  
-Oil Capacity  
-Oil Filter  
Spin on oil filter  
12 volt, 15 amp  
Spin on oil filter  
12 volt, 15 amp  
Spin on oil filter  
12 volt, 16 amp  
Spin on oil filter  
-Charging System  
Transmission  
-Type  
13 volt, 11.5 amp  
All gear transmission w/fully enclosed PTO and immersion clutch  
SAE 30W API service class SF or higher  
-Oil Type  
-Oil Capacity  
-Cooling  
5 qts. (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts. (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts. (4.7 L)  
Air  
5 qts. (4.7 L)  
Air  
-Number of Speeds  
-Direction Control  
Speeds (with 18" tires)  
-Forward  
4 forward/4 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
4 forward/4 reverse  
(with 14" tires)  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph)  
3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph)  
4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph)  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.4 mph (5.5 kph)  
2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph) 2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph)  
3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph) 3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph)  
4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph) 4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph)  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph) 1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph) 2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph) 3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph) 4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph)  
-Reverse  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph)  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph)  
PTO  
-Type  
-Drive  
Internal Slip Clutch  
All gear shaft driven off All gear shaft driven off  
high/low planetary high/low planetary  
Internal Slip Clutch  
Internal Slip Clutch  
Internal Slip Clutch  
All gear shaft driven off  
high/low planetary  
All gear shaft driven off  
high/low planetary  
-Output Speeds  
Construction  
High - 1179 RPM, low - 888 RPM at 3300 engine RPM  
Cast-iron transmission case with 7-gauge framing  
3 -8  
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Model Number  
985117  
Description  
13.5 HP Gear Drive  
7 x 1.75" Drum Type  
Brakes  
Steering  
Manual, optional power  
steering kit available  
Turning Radius  
Minimum Uncut Circle  
Optional Tire Sizes  
-Stud Tread  
-Trac Tread  
-Turf-Chief  
Zero (with steering kit)  
Zero  
4.00"-8"  
4.00"-8"  
18" x 6.50"-8"  
18" x 8.50"-8"  
16" x 5" x 3"  
See Tire Sidewall  
12V BCI Group  
Robin  
-Turf-Saver  
-Semi-Pneumatic  
Tire Pressure  
Battery  
Engine  
-Type  
EH410-0226T  
13.5 HP  
-Horsepower  
-Number of Cylinders  
-Displacement  
-Fuel  
One  
24.67 cu. in. (440 cc)  
Auto gasoline  
1.5 gal. (5.7 L)  
Air  
-Fuel Capacity  
-Cooling  
-Air Filter  
Dual element  
Splash Type  
See Engine Manual  
5 qts. (4.7 L)  
Spin on filter  
12 volt, 12.5 amp  
-Lubrication  
-Oil Type  
-Oil Capacity  
-Oil Filter  
-Charging System  
Transmission  
-Type  
Gear transmission  
-Oil Type  
SAE 30W API service  
class SF or higher  
-Oil Capacity  
-Cooling  
5 qts. (4.7 L)  
Air  
-Number of Speeds  
-Direction Control  
Speeds (with 18" tires)  
-Forward  
4 forward/4 reverse  
1st - 1.4 mph (2.3 kph)  
2nd - 1.8 mph (2.9 kph)  
3rd - 2.7 mph (4.4 kph)  
4th - 3.7 mph (6.0 kph)  
-Reverse  
1st - 1.3 mph (2.1 kph)  
2nd - 1.7 mph (2.7 kph)  
3rd - 2.6 mph (4.2 kph)  
4th - 3.3 mph (5.3 kph)  
PTO  
-Type  
-Drive  
Internal Slip Clutch  
All gear shaft driven off  
high/low planetary  
-Output Speeds  
Construction  
High - 1179 RPM,  
Low - 888 RPM at 3300  
engine RPM  
Cast-iron transmission  
case with 7-gauge  
framing  
3 -9  
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SECTION 4 - GENERAL MAINTENANCE & ADJUSTMENTS  
4.1 CONTROLS AND FEATURES  
1
2
4
7
10  
3
15  
9
12  
4
13  
6
5
11  
14  
8
4
OH0160  
1. Direction Control Lever  
8. Kick Stand  
2. Steering Brake Handlebar (Optional)  
3. Gear Shift Lever (Hi/Low Gear)  
4. Operator Presence Control  
9. Throttle Control  
10. Hour meter  
11. Brake Handle Cross Bar  
5. Choke Control Knob (Models with Briggs & Stratton  
12. Range Shift Handle (Two Speed Axle)  
Engines)  
6. PTO Control  
7. Ignition Switch  
13. Parking Brake Handle (Optional on 8.5 HP)  
14. Instruction Plate  
15. Choke Lever (Models with Robin Engines)  
16. Choke Control Knob (Models with Briggs & Stratton  
Figure 1  
Add fuel to the fuel tank as needed. See your engine  
manual for the correct type and grade of fuel.  
4.2 FILLING THE FUEL TANK  
WARNING: Use caution with fuel. Fuel is very  
flammable. Keep fuel in a clean and tight  
container. Keep fuel away from fire or heat.  
Never put fuel in the fuel tank while the engine  
is running or hot. Clean up any spilled fuel  
before starting engine.  
Put the unit in an open area. Stop the engine and lock  
the brake. Clean the fuel cap and the area around the  
fuel cap to prevent dirt from entering the fuel tank.  
Remove the cap from the fuel tank. Fill the fuel tank.  
Be careful not to spill the fuel. Install the cap on the fuel  
tank and tighten. Clean up any spilled fuel before  
starting the engine.  
4 -10  
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4.3 GENERAL LUBRICATION  
Control Linkage Lubrication  
CAUTION: Before performing any service or  
Every 25 hours of operation put a drop of engine oil on  
the pivots of the throttle lever, the direction control  
lever, the gear shift lever, the PTO control, and range  
shift handle.  
adjustments:  
• Turn PTO switch "OFF".  
• Park mower on a hard, flat, level surface.  
• Place steering control levers in neutral  
lock (fully outward) position.  
NOTE: There are no grease fittings on the tractor.  
Transmission  
• Set parking brake.  
Capacity: 5 U.S. Quarts (4.7 liters)  
Grade: SAE 30W API service class SF or higher  
Viscosity: Summer: SAE 30W or SAE 10W-30  
• Turn ignition switch "OFF" and remove  
key.  
• Wait for all moving parts to stop.  
Winter: (32oF or below) SAE 10W or  
SAE 10W-30  
4.4 FORWARD-REVERSE CLUTCH  
ADJUSTMENT  
• After 25 hours of operation, check the adjustment  
of the forward-reverse clutch.  
• After every 100 hours of operation, check the level  
of the lubricant in the transmission. Never operate  
the tractor when the transmission oil level is below  
the "LOW’ mark on the dipstick.  
WARNING: Stop the engine before adjusting  
the forward-reverse clutch.  
• Stop the engine and raise the hood. Make sure that  
the tractor is level. Clean the dipstick tube and the  
dipstick (Figure 2). Remove the dipstick, wipe it  
with a clean cloth or towel and put it back in the  
tube. Pull the dipstick out again and look at the oil.  
• The reverse clutch is adjusted correctly when the  
direction control lever stops 15 degrees past  
vertical to the rear. The lever should return to  
neutral position from reverse when adjusted  
correctly.  
• If the oil level is below the low mark on the dipstick,  
clean the area around the filler plug and remove  
the filler plug. Add new clean lubricant until the  
dipstick indicates that the oil level is correct. See  
specification. Install the filler plug and dipstick.  
To adjust the reverse clutch, loosen the control  
extension rod jam nuts on the end of the fwd-rev  
control rod. Adjust the rear nut so that the direction  
control lever stops 15 degrees past vertical to the  
rear. Hold the rear nut and jam with the forward nut  
(Figure 3).  
1
• The forward clutch is adjusted correctly when the  
direction control lever is in the full forward position  
and the large spring has a coil clearance of .010"  
(.254 mm).  
3
2
1. Oil Filler Plug  
2. Dipstick  
3. Dipstick Tube  
OH0230  
Figure 2  
4 -11  
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4.6 STEERING BRAKE ADJUSTMENT  
(APPLICABLE MODELS)  
• Park the unit in a level area. Put the parking brake  
handle in the "OFF" (down) position. Loosen the  
jam nuts on the right and left brake rod assemblies  
(Figures 2 & 3). Turn the adjusting nuts until the  
brake handle cross bar is parallel with the  
instrument panel (Figure 1).  
2
1
3
4
5
1
7
8
7
7
• Move the brake handlebar all the way to the right  
and measure the distance from the right end edge  
of the brake handle cross bar to the right side of  
the instrument panel. Move the brake handlebar all  
the way to the left and make the same  
1
7
9
6
10  
1. Jam Nuts  
7. Adjusting  
nuts  
8. Fwd-Rev Lever  
Assembly  
9. Adjustment Bracket  
10. Cam Lever Arm  
measurement on the left.  
2. Fwd-Rev Control Rod  
3. Control Extension Rod  
4. Fwd-Rev Neutral  
Spring  
5. Large Spring  
6. Brake Rod Assembly  
• Adjust the nuts until the difference between the two  
measurements is 1/2" to 3/4" (13 to 19 mm). Turn  
both adjusting nuts the same amount, clockwise to  
increase the measurement difference or  
counterclockwise to decrease the measurement  
difference. Tighten the jam nuts.  
OH0181  
Figure 3  
• Loosen the jam nuts below the compression spring  
(Figure 4) on the right side of the tractor and adjust  
until one has the desired tension for the right  
brake. Tighten the jam nuts.  
To adjust the forward clutch, put the direction  
control in the forward position. Loosen the control  
extension rod rear set of jam nuts on the fwd-rev  
control rod. Adjust the forward nut until the large  
spring coils are .010" (.254mm) apart. Hold the  
forward nut and jam with the rear nut.  
IMPORTANT: Replace brake shoes before lining is  
worn to rivet heads.  
If correct braking action cannot be achieved after  
performing the above procedures, do the following:  
4.5 HI/LOW GEAR CLUTCH ADJUSTMENT  
• After every 25 hours of operation, check the  
adjustment of the gear clutch.  
1. Loosen the 5/16-24 nut and bolt which fastens cam  
lever arm to brake cam.  
2. Remove cam lever arm from the brake cam. Rotate  
the cam lever arm one spine to the rear and put  
back on brake cam. Tighten nut and bolt.  
WARNING: Stop the engine before adjusting  
the gear clutch.  
• The clutch is adjusted correctly when the gear shift  
lever is in the "HIGH" or "LOW" position and the  
spring coils are .010" (.254 mm) apart.  
To adjust the "HIGH" clutch, loosen and separate  
the hi-low control rod jam nuts on the rear of the  
control extension rod. Put the gear shift lever in the  
"HIGH" position. Adjust the nut (front) near the  
spring until the spring coils are .010" (.254 mm)  
apart. Move the gear shift lever to the "NEUTRAL"  
position. Hold the nut adjusted to the spring and  
jam with the other (rear) nut (Figure 4).  
To adjust the "LOW" clutch, loosen and separate  
the hi-lo control rod jam nuts on the end of the  
control extension rod. Put the gear shift lever in the  
"LOW" position. Adjust the nut (rear) near the  
spring until the spring coils are 0.10" (.254 mm)  
apart. Move the gear shift lever to the "NEUTRAL"  
position. Hold the nut adjusted to the spring and  
jam with the other (front) nut.  
4 -12  
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1
7
1
1
2
1
2
9
2
3
5
6
8
2
4
1. Adjusting Nuts  
2. Jam Nuts  
3. Adjustment Bracket  
4. Pivot Plate  
5. Brake Rod Assembly  
6. Hi-Lo Control Rod  
7. Large Spring  
8. Hi-Lo Lever Assembly  
9. Control Extension Rod  
Figure 4  
OH0191  
NOTE: Do not tighten the bolts in a circular sequence,  
by tightening the bolt next to one which was just tight-  
ened. The bolts should be tightened in a cross  
sequence, by tightening one bolt, then tightening the  
bolt which is across from it on the plate. Continue  
tightening the bolts in this sequence until all the bolts  
are tightened.  
4.7 PTO BRAKE ADJUSTMENT  
• Adjust the PTO brake after every 100 hours of  
operation.  
WARNING: Stop the engine before adjusting  
the PTO brake.  
• Remove the attachment and lower the rear of the  
tractor to the ground. Carefully clean the front of  
the transmission. Remove the quick hitch studs  
from the transmission and remove the quick hitch  
casting and PTO brake assembly (Figure 5).  
1
2
2
NOTE: The attachment gasket must be replaced if  
damaged.  
• Tighten all PTO brake bolts until the springs are  
solid. Back all bolts up 1/2 turn (Figure 5).  
2
2
1. Quick Hitch Adapter  
2. Quick Hitch Stud  
2
1
OH0200  
Figure 6  
3
• Make sure the trunnion block is on the shipper  
shaft and held in place by the dog. The dog should  
rest on the spiral teeth of the clutch dog plate.  
Install the gasket.  
1. PTO Brake Bolts  
2. Springs  
3. PTO Shaft  
• Align the splines on the quick hitch shaft with those  
in the dog. Slide the quick hitch casting and PTO  
brake assembly back into the place on the front of  
the transmission. Install the quick hitch studs and  
tighten.  
Figure 5  
OH0210  
4 -13  
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• Remove the dog and trunnion block. Disconnect  
the wiring harness from the PTO brake interlock  
switch and remove the shifter parts. Slide the  
shipper shaft assembly through the top of the  
advance casting. Slide the clutch assembly and  
pinion shaft out of the transmission. Remove the  
retaining ring and slide the clutch assembly off of  
the pinion shaft. Turn all of the jam nuts  
4.8 SLIP CLUTCH ADJUSTMENT  
• Adjust the slip clutch after every 100 hours of  
operation.  
WARNING: Stop the engine before adjusting  
the slip clutch.  
• Remove the attachment and lower the rear of the  
tractor to the ground. Carefully clean the front of  
the transmission. Remove the quick hitch studs  
from the transmission and remove the quick hitch  
PTO assembly and PTO brake assembly (Figures  
5 & 6).  
counterclockwise to loosen.  
Torque bolts in stages using the pattern shown in  
Figure 8:  
1. Tighten bolts down until the spring starts to  
compress.  
NOTE: The attachment gasket must be replaced if  
2. Tighten bolts to 80-85 in-lbs (9-9.6 Nm).  
damaged.  
3. Tighten nuts to 165-170 in-lbs (18.6-19.2 Nm).  
4. Finish tightening the nuts to 100-150 ft-lbs  
(136-203 Nm).  
20  
17  
19  
18  
16  
6
15  
4
1
14  
6
1
3
2
13  
3
12  
4
11  
2
5
10  
7
2
9
5
8
Figure 8  
OH0220  
1. Back Plate  
2. Brake Disc  
3. Dog Plate Brake  
4. Trunnion Block  
5. Seal  
6. Quick Hitch Shaft  
7. Quick Hitch Casting  
8. Dog  
9. Friction Washer  
10.Dog Plate  
11.Drive Plate  
12.Friction Washer  
13.Back Plate  
14.Pinion Shaft  
15.Shipper Shaft  
16.Shipper Shaft Gasket  
17.Shipper Shaft Body  
18.Shipper Shaft  
19.Set Screw  
NOTE: Do not tighten the bolts in a circular sequence,  
that is, by tightening the bolt next to one which was just  
tightened. The bolts should be tightened in a cross  
sequence, that is, by tightening one bolt, then  
tightening the bolt which is across from it on the plate.  
Continue tightening the bolts in this sequence until all  
the bolts are tightened. (Figure 8)  
20.Roll Pin  
• Slide the clutch assembly back onto the pinion  
shaft, install the retaining ring and slide the pinion  
shaft completely into the transmission. Install the  
shipper shaft and other parts that were removed  
previously. Make sure the trunnion block is on the  
shipper shaft and held in place by the dog. The  
dog should rest on the spiral teeth of the clutch dog  
plate. Install the gasket. Align the splines on the  
quick hitch shaft with those in the dog. Slide the  
quick hitch casting and PTO brake assembly back  
into place on the front of the transmission. Install  
the quick hitch studs and tighten.  
Figure 7  
4 -14  
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SECTION 5 - ENGINE  
5.1 ENGINE TROUBLESHOOTING  
The following troubleshooting chart is to be used to  
isolate engine problems and give possible causes and  
corrective action responses.  
The troubleshooting key is generic and can be used for  
several types of engines. Use only those possible  
causes and corrective actions that apply to the unit.  
TROUBLE  
POSSIBLE CAUSES  
(Refer to Key Below)  
CORRECTIVE ACTION  
Black Exhaust  
1, 20, 22, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33  
4, 20, 25, 31, 33, 34  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
Blue/White Exhaust  
Difficult Starting  
1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 21, 22, 29, 31, 32, 33  
1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 21, 23, 26, 29, 33, 59, 62  
1, 20, 22, 23, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33  
25, 31, 33, 34, 45, 55  
Erratic Running  
Excessive Fuel Consumption  
Excessive Crankcase Pressure  
High Oil Pressure  
Knocking  
4, 41  
22, 26, 29, 31, 33, 36, 46, 59  
1, 8, 10, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33  
2, 3, 4, 11  
Loss of Power or System  
Low Cranking Power  
Low Oil Pressure  
Misfiring  
4, 36, 37, 39  
10, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32  
1, 19, 25,  
Overheating  
Poor Compression  
Starts and Stops  
25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34,59,  
1, 6, 10, 62  
repair or replace  
see electrical systems  
see engine service manual  
Vibration  
20, 23, 25, 26, 29, 33, 45, 49  
2, 11, 45  
repair or replace  
Will Not Crank  
Will Not Start  
charge battery or replace  
1, 10, 62  
repair or replace  
see electrical systems  
see engine service manual  
TROUBLESHOOTING KEY  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Restriction in air cleaner  
Bad electrical connection  
Faulty starter motor  
Incorrect grade of lubricating oil  
Low cranking speed  
Fuel tank empty  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
Incorrect grade of fuel  
Sticking throttle/restricted movement  
Exhaust pipe restriction  
Leaking cylinder head gasket  
Overheating  
43  
44  
45  
46  
47  
48  
49  
Faulty suction pipe  
Choked oil filter  
Bad solenoid switch  
Incorrect piston height  
Damaged fan  
Faulty engine mounting  
Incorrectly aligned flywheel and/or  
flywheel housing  
Cold running  
Incorrect tappet adjustment  
Controls not in correct operation  
position  
8
9
Blocked fuel feed line  
Faulty fuel lift pump  
Choked fuel filter  
Battery capacity low  
Air in fuel system  
Faulty fuel injection pump  
Faulty fuel injectors or incorrect  
type  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  
34  
35  
Sticking valves  
Incorrect high pressure pipes  
Worn cylinder bores  
50  
51  
52  
53  
54  
55  
56  
Faulty thermostat  
Restriction in water jacket  
Loose fan belt  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
Pitted valves and seats  
Choked radiator  
Broken, worn or sticking piston ring(s)  
Worn valve stems and guides  
Restriction in air cleaner  
Faulty water pump  
Choked breather pipe  
Damaged valve stem oil deflector (if  
fitted)  
15  
Incorrect use of cold start  
equipment  
36  
Worn or damaged bearings  
57  
Coolant level too low  
16  
17  
18  
19  
Faulty cold start equipment  
Broken fuel injection pump drive  
Incorrect fuel pump timing  
Incorrect valve timing  
37  
38  
39  
40  
Insufficient oil in sump  
Bad/defective oil temperature switch  
Oil pump worn  
58  
59  
60  
61  
Blocked sump strainer  
Broken valve spring  
Exhaust or vacuum pipe leak  
Bad or defective water temperature  
switch  
Pressure relief valve sticking open  
20  
21  
Poor compression  
Blocked fuel tank vent  
41  
42  
Pressure relief valve sticking closed  
Broken relief valve spring  
62  
Bad spark plug(s)  
5 -15  
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13.Check for leakage at the drain plug and oil filter if  
used. Tighten the fittings as necessary if leakage  
occurs.  
5.2 CHECKING ENGINE OIL  
Check the engine oil daily prior to use.  
IMPORTANT: Never operate the engine with the oil  
below the low mark on the dipstick.  
14.Release the parking brake.  
15.Return the unit into service.  
See the engine manual for oil specifications and oil  
filter service instructions.  
5.4 AIR CLEANER  
To check oil level:  
Dry type air cleaner elements should be replaced after  
100 to 200 hours if engine is normally operated under  
good clean air conditions. Service and replace element  
more frequently under dusty or dirty conditions.  
1. Move the unit to level location.  
2. Clean around the dipstick and filler tube to prevent  
dirt from entering the engine.  
3. Remove the dipstick and wipe off the oil on the  
depth stick.  
To clean the element remove and tap lightly on a flat  
surface to remove loose surface dirt. Replace element  
if dirt does not drop off easily. Do not wash or dry  
elements in any liquid or attempt to blow dirt off with air  
hose as this will puncture the filter element.  
4. Put the dipstick back into the engine, and remove  
again.  
5. When the dipstick is removed, note the oil level. Oil  
should be between the full and add mark.  
Carefully handle new element. Do not use if gasket  
surfaces are bent or twisted. Check the following when  
installing new element (Figure 9).  
6. Replace dipstick.  
7. If required, add 5W30 below 40o or 30W above  
1. Back plate must be securely tightened to  
40o. Do not overfill.  
carburetor. Replace back plate if bent or cracked.  
8. Clean up any spillage that may have occurred.  
2. Gasket surfaces of element must be flat against  
back plate and cover to seal effectively.  
5.3 CHANGING OIL  
3. Washer must be in place between cover and wing  
nut to seal and prevent unfiltered air from entering  
through hole in cover. If washer is not used, make  
sure wing nut (special) properly seals area around  
cover hole.  
WARNING: Do NOT touch parts which are  
hot. Allow parts to cool before servicing.  
Engine muffler and other parts will be hot if unit has  
been running.  
4. Wing nut must be finger tight.  
1. Engine oil should be changed after the first five  
hours of operation and every 25 hours there after.  
2. Move the unit to a level, well ventilated area and  
set the parking brake.  
3. If the engine is cold, let the unit run for five  
minutes.  
4. When the engine is warm, stop the engine.  
5. Clean the area around the dipstick and drain.  
6. Put an open container that will hold one gallon of  
oil under the drain.  
7. Open the drain.  
8. Allow the engine oil to drain completely into the  
one gallon container. Remove container and  
contents for future recycling as required.  
9. Close the oil drain.  
10.If used; remove the oil filter.  
11.Clean the oil filter port and install a new oil filter  
according to the instructions on the oil filter. Fill  
with new oil to the "full" mark on the dipstick.  
Figure 9  
12.Start and run the engine for one minute. Stop the  
engine and recheck the oil level and add as  
necessary.  
5 -16  
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5.5 ENGINE REMOVAL AND  
INSTALLATION  
1. Remove ground cable from battery.  
2. Drain Transmission oil.  
3. Turn off fuel at fuel tank. Remove fuel line from fuel  
pump.  
4. Remove the choke cable from carburetor.  
5. Remove the throttle cable from the linkage.  
6. Separate wiring harness at connector  
7. Remove cable from starter motor.  
8. Remove rear hitch from tractor.  
9. Remove 2 lower bolts securing engine to the  
chassis casting.  
10.Remove the 2 upper bolts from the engine but  
leave in place the casting to support the braces.  
11.Remove engine from tractor.  
Install engine in reverse order.  
5.6 ENGINE MAINTENANCE  
See the engine manual for maintenance instructions.  
Check the air cleaner and engine oil daily. Check the  
cooling system every 25 hours. Clean all of the grass  
and other material from the cooling fins and intake  
screen of the engine. If necessary, remove the engine  
shrouds to clean the engine. See the engine manual  
for the type of oil, oil change, etc. Never operate the  
engine when the oil level is below the low mark on the  
dipstick. See the engine manual for air cleaner  
maintenance instructions.  
5.7 ENGINE STORAGE  
If engine is to be out of service for a considerable  
length of time, the following steps are recommended:  
1. Drain oil from crankcase while engine is still hot  
and flush with clean, light oil. Refill crankcase.  
2. Drain fuel tank and carburetor.  
3. Clean exterior of engine.  
4. Spread a light film of oil over any exposed surfaces  
of engine subject to corrosion.  
5. Pour tablespoon of oil into spark plug hole, crank  
engine slowly by hand and replace spark plug.  
6. Store in dry place.  
5 -17  
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SECTION 6 - STEERING & CONTROLS  
engine and out between the left side of the frame  
and the PTO control. Rotate the handlebar into the  
mounting position.  
6.1 HANDLEBAR ASSEMBLY  
CAUTION: Before performing any service or  
adjustments:  
3. Retain the handlebar in position with four  
3/8-16 x 1.25 Grade 8 bolts and lock nuts. The  
Grade 8 bolt has six marks on the head. See  
Figure 11.  
• Turn PTO switch "OFF".  
• Park mower on a hard, flat, level surface.  
• Place steering control levers in neutral  
lock (fully outward) position.  
• Set parking brake.  
• Turn ignition switch "OFF" and remove  
key.  
• Wait for blades and all moving parts to  
stop.  
• Disconnect spark plug wire(s) from spark  
plug(s) and place wire(s) away from plug.  
WARNING: MOVING PARTS can cut or  
amputate body parts. ALWAYS wait for  
moving parts to stop before unit maintenance  
or service.  
1. On Swiftamatic tractors, disconnect the cotter pin  
that holds the Swiftamatic control lever to the  
shifter weldment. Disconnect the extension spring  
from the control lever and slide the control lever  
rearward until it stops against the instrument panel.  
See Figure 10.  
1. Handlebar  
2. Grade 8 Bolt  
Figure 11  
4. Reassemble the Swiftamatic control lever linkage  
and connect the wiring harness.  
5. Mount the Hi-Lo gear control handle assembly and  
hand lever pivot to the left handle with a  
1/2-13 x 3.50 bolt and 1/2-13 thin lock nut. See  
Figure 12.  
1. Control Lever  
2. Frame  
3. Handlebar  
Figure 10  
2. Position the handlebar right side up. Move the left  
handle of the handlebar under the right side of the  
frame and the wiring harness. Proceed across the  
6 -18  
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6.3 ADJUSTING BRAKES  
After each use wash dirt from the brakes with water.  
Each day before operating, check all nuts, bolts, and  
other fasteners. Replace missing or damaged pieces.  
Brake service is required if the brakes do not stop and  
hold the unit effectively.  
Adjust the brake linkage as follows:  
1. Stop the unit on a level surface.  
2. Stop the engine and block the wheels so the unit  
cannot roll.  
3. Remove wheels and brake drums.  
4. Inspect brakes and drum.  
1. Hi-Lo Control Handle  
Assembly  
2. Hand Lever Pivot  
5. Loosen the jam nuts at the ends of right and left  
brake rods or whichever side needs adjusting.  
6. Turn bottom nuts a couple of turns clockwise to  
shorten travel a bit.  
Figure 12  
7. Tighten all jam nuts.  
6.2 STEERING BRAKES (OPTIONAL)  
8. Carefully test the operation of the wheel brakes. If  
necessary, repeat the above procedures to get the  
correct brake action.  
The steering brake is designed to stop one wheel from  
rotating. The opposite wheel continues to drive forward  
and the unit pivots on the stopped wheel.  
IMPORTANT: Replace brake shoes before lining is  
worn to rivet heads.  
Connect the adjustment bracket to the cam lever arm  
with a clevis pin.  
If correct braking action cannot be achieved after  
performing the above procedure, do the following:  
1. Park the tractor in a level area. Put the parking  
brake handle in the "OFF" (down) position. Loosen  
the jam nuts on the right and left brake rod  
assemblies. Turn the adjusting nuts until the brake  
handle cross bar is parallel with the instrument  
panel.  
9. Loosen the 5/16-24 nut and bolt which fastens the  
cam lever arm to brake cam.  
10.Remove cam lever arm from the brake cam.  
Rotate the cam lever arm one spine to the rear and  
put back on brake cam. Tighten nut and bolt.  
2. Move the brake handlebar all the way to the right  
and measure the distance from the right end edge  
of the brake handle cross bar to the right side of  
the instrument panel. Move the brake handlebar all  
the way to the left and make the same  
measurement on the right.  
3. Adjust the nuts until the difference between the two  
measurements is 1/2" to 3/4" (13 to 19 mm). Turn  
both adjusting nuts the same amount, clockwise to  
increase the measurement difference or  
counterclockwise to decrease the measurement  
difference.  
4. Tighten the jam nuts. Loosen the jam nuts below  
the compression spring on the right side of the  
tractor and adjust until one has the desired tension  
for the right brake. Tighten the jam nuts.  
6 -19  
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1
2
3
4
8
5
6
4
7
1. Right Hand Brake Rod  
2. Left Hand Brake Rod  
3. Brake  
4. Shoe Return Box Spring  
5. Back Plate  
6. Brake Cam  
7. Shoe Return Spring  
8. Cam Lever Arm  
Figure 13  
PH0220  
Fasten the instruction plate and the brake handle  
brackets to the rear hitch with the 1/2-13 x 2.00 bolts  
and 1/2" lock nuts.  
7. Slide the brake handle onto the rear of the right  
hand brake rod assembly and insert the rod into  
the slot of the brake handlebar weldment. Place  
the carriage bolt through the brake handle, and put  
two nylon washers on the bolt between the handle  
and the handlebar weldment. Push the bolt through  
the handlebar weldment and retain with another  
nylon washer, rubber washer, steel washer, and  
lock nut. Connect the adjustment bracket to the  
cam lever arm with a clevis pin, two .406 x .812 x  
.065 flat washers and a .09 x .75 cotter pin.  
Right Side Installation:  
1. Raise and block the right side of the tractor.  
2. Unbolt the tire assembly from the wheel hub and  
remove.  
3. Remove the axle nut, flat washer and spacer.  
Remove the wheel hub set screw.  
4. Use a puller and remove the wheel hub.  
8. Put both spacers on the axle.  
5. Remove the four bolts that retain the end plate to  
the axle housing.  
NOTE: The short spacer is used with the wheel hub for  
the 8.50 x 8 tire assembly.  
NOTE: Do not remove the end plate.  
9. Replace the set screw in the wheel hub with a  
7/16-14 x 3/4 set screw.  
6. Slide the brake assembly over the axle. Rotate  
until the holes in the back plate align with the holes  
in the end plate and axle housing (cam lever arm at  
2 o’clock position). Retain with four 3/8-16 x 7/8"  
bolts. If necessary, turn the bolt in the cam lever  
arm to where the lock washer and nut face away  
from the axle housing.  
10.Mount the brake drum to the wheel hub with four  
1/2-13 x 1-3/8" bolts and 1/2-13 lock nuts. Four  
1/2-13 x 1-5/8" bolts are required when the wheel  
hub for the 8.50 x 8 tire assembly is used.  
NOTE: The valve stem is turned to the outside, and the  
1/2-13 lock nuts should be on the outside.  
6 -20  
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11.Put a film of grease on the axle splines. Slide the  
wheel hub on the axle followed by a flat washer  
and lock nut. Tighten the nut to a torque of 80 ft.-lb.  
(108 Nm). Tighten the set screw.  
.065" flat washer and a .09" x .75" cotter pin at  
each end.  
10.Slide the rear of the left hand brake rod assembly  
into the left end of the handlebar weldment from  
the front. Connect the adjustment bracket to the  
pivot plate with a .375" x .75" clevis pin, two .406" x  
.812" x .065" flat washers, and a .09" x .75" cotter  
pin.  
12.Mount the tire assembly to the wheel hub.  
Left Side Installation:  
1. Raise and block the left side of the tractor.  
2. Unbolt the tire assembly from the wheel hub and  
remove.  
11.Put both spacers on the axle.  
NOTE: The short spacer only is used with the wheel  
hub for the 8.50 x 8 tire assembly.  
3. Remove the axle nut, flat washer and spacer.  
Remove the wheel hub set screw.  
12.Replace the set screw in the wheel hub with a  
7/16-14 x 3/4" set screw.  
4. Use a puller and remove the wheel hub.  
5. Remove the four bolts that retain the end plate to  
the axle housing.  
13.Mount the brake drum to the wheel hub with four  
1/2-13 x 1-3/8" bolts and 1/2-13 lock nuts. Four  
1/2-13 x 1-5/8" bolts are required when the wheel  
hub for the 8.50 x 8 tire assembly is used.  
NOTE: Do not remove the end plate.  
6. Slide the brake assembly over the axle. Rotate  
until the holes in the end plate align with the holes  
in the axle housing (cam lever arm at the 12 o’clock  
position). Retain with four 3/8-16 x 7/8" bolts.  
NOTE: The valve stem is turned to the outside, and the  
1/2-13 lock nuts should be on the outside.  
14.Put a film of grease on the axle splines. Slide the  
wheel hub on the axle followed by a flat washer  
and lock nut. Tighten the nut to a torque of 80 ft.-lb.  
(108 Nm). Tighten the set screw  
7. Remove the bolt which attaches the left handlebar  
support to the advance casting. Install the pivot  
stud in the same location. See Figure 14.  
15.Mount the tire assembly to the wheel hub.  
1. Pivot Stud  
3. E-Ring  
2. Flat Washer  
4. Pivot Plate  
Figure 14  
8. Place the following on the pivot stud:  
- E-Ring  
- .656" x 1.312" x .095" Flat Washer  
- Pivot Plate  
- .656" x 1.312" x .095" Flat Washer  
- E-Ring  
9. Connect the brake link rod to the pivot plate and  
the cam lever arm. Retain with a .406" x .812" x  
6 -21  
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6.4 POWER TAKE OFF CONTROL  
6.5 RANGE SHIFT CONTROL (TWO SPEED  
AXLE)  
1
5
4
3
2
1
1
6
3
3
2
4
1. Tie Rod  
5. Lock Nut  
2. Ball Joint  
3. Jam Nut  
4. Flat Washer  
6. PTO Bellcrank  
Weldment  
6
5
4
Figure 15  
PH0051  
9
7
8
1. Shifter Cam  
2. Shifter Rod  
3. Compression Spring  
4. Spring Washer  
5. Shifter Crank  
6. Shift Lever Block  
7. Mower Height Adjuster  
Bracket Shim  
8. Shifter Link  
9. Compression Spring  
Figure 17  
PH0240  
Figure 16  
1. Thread jam nut onto PTO shaft (supplied). Thread  
ball joint (supplied) onto PTO shaft until overall  
length of shaft and ball joint is 17.00 inches,  
Figure 16.  
2. Install rod/ball joint assembly onto tractor,  
Figure 15.  
3. Start unit and test operation of PTO. Test to ensure  
that all interlocks function as described in the  
owner’s manual.  
NOTE: Slight adjustment of the PTO rod length may be  
necessary to achieve proper operation.  
6 -22  
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SECTION 7 - DRIVE TRAIN  
7.1 TRANSMISSION TROUBLE ANALYSIS  
The following troubleshooting chart is to be used to  
isolate hydro transmission problems and give possible  
causes and corrective action responses.  
The troubleshooting key is generic and can be used for  
several types of transmissions. Use only those  
possible causes and corrective actions that apply to the  
unit.  
TROUBLE  
Axles Will Not Turn  
POSSIBLE CAUSES  
(Refer to Key Below)  
CORRECTIVE ACTION  
1, 7, 8, 12, 16, 18, 28, 32, 38, 42, 46  
1, 6, 7, 8, 12, 16, 25, 26, 28, 38, 42, 46  
1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 18, 25, 26, 28, 42, 46, 55  
1, 4, 7, 8, 12, 18, 28, 38, 46  
N/A  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
Difficult Starting  
Erratic Running  
Jerky When Starting  
Jumps Out of Gear  
Knocking  
4, 8, 12, 18, 28, 37, 42  
4, 12, 18, 28, 37, 42, 46  
4, 12, 18, 26, 28, 32, 37, 42  
4, 22, 51, 16  
Loss of Power or System  
Noisy  
Oil Leakage  
Operates Hot  
4, 16, 28, 32, 35, 42  
Operates in One Direction Only  
Pump Failure  
1, 8, 12, 30, 46  
4, 12, 37  
Speed Loss Under Load  
1, 6, 11, 28, 37, 46, 51  
Speed Loss Under Load  
Will Not Drive  
1, 4, 7, 12, 18, 28, 26  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
1, 7, 8, 18, 28, 37, 38, 46, 48  
Will Not Shift  
TROUBLESHOOTING KEY  
1
2
3
4
5
6
Inspect control linkage  
Inspect acceleration valves  
Inspect charge check valves  
Incorrect grade of lubricating oil  
Low cranking speed  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
Inspect hoses and lines for wear  
Inspect implement relief valve  
Inspect charge pump  
Bad transmission pump  
Overheating  
43  
44  
45  
46  
47  
48  
Burrs on gearing  
Gears improperly installed  
Forks & rod assembly incorrectly installed  
Shifting keys broken or damaged  
Shifting washer in backwards  
Controls not in correct operation  
position  
Cold running  
Shifter/Brake shaft keyways damaged  
7
Belts are missing, to tight, loose or 28  
glazed  
Bad transmission motor  
49  
Unit clutch not disengaging  
8
9
10  
Overload of vehicle  
29  
30  
31  
Check system pressure  
Shift rod grooves worn  
Reverse chain broken  
50  
51  
52  
Shifter stop assembled backwards  
Improper fit of case to cover  
Dowel pins not installed  
Replacement parts damaged  
Replacement parts improperly  
installed  
11  
Improperly torqued attaching  
screws  
32  
Damaged cooling fan  
53  
Differential bevel gears broken  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
Air in hydraulic system  
Broken shifter stop  
Inspect charge check valves  
Inspect acceleration valves  
Check oil level-gear box sump or  
reservoir  
33  
34  
35  
36  
37  
Inspect auxiliary relief valve  
Inspect cooling fan  
Inspect transmission cooling fins  
Worn or damaged bearings  
Metallic pieces or foreign objects in  
unit  
54  
55  
Spring in shifter weak or broken  
Worn or stripped gear teeth  
17  
Inspect heat exchanger  
38  
Inspect for loosely mounted  
components  
18  
19  
20  
21  
Inspect by-pass valve  
Inspect charge pressure  
Inspect inlet filter  
39  
40  
41  
42  
Steering column loose or binding  
Pressure relief valve sticking open  
Pressure relief sticking closed  
Broken relief valve spring  
Inspect charge relief valve  
7 -23  
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Before assuming that internal transmission problems  
exist, check all external linkage. Inspect the shifting  
linkage beginning with the control lever and work  
towards the transmission. Check for binding. Look for  
broken or missing cotter pins and sheared keys.  
Timing Marks  
7.2 CLUTCH ADJUSTMENT  
Clutch adjustment is necessary anytime clutch  
slippage occurs.  
Clutch rods when engaged should just completely  
compress the springs on the clutch actuating lever  
when fully engaged.  
To adjust, tighten the jam nuts until proper adjustment  
is obtained.  
If external adjustments do not correct problems,  
internal examination may be necessary.  
7.3 TRANSMISSION REMOVAL  
1. Remove engine from tractor.  
2. Remove battery.  
Figure 18  
When replacing this unit in the transmission it is  
necessary to mesh the teeth on the actuating rod and  
the clutch slide rods (Figure 19) to accept the  
assembly.  
3. Remove capscrews holding the handles, fuel tank,  
and battery box assembly to the chassis, and lift  
assembly off chassis.  
4. Remove wheels and wheel hubs.  
1
7.4 FORWARD-REVERSE CLUTCH &  
PLANETARY SYSTEM  
2
3
4
5
To gain access to the forward-reverse clutch and  
planetary system, remove advance housing and rotate  
actuating rod with the lever until entire planetary  
system is released. All components of the forward-  
reverse clutch assembly are now ready for inspection.  
8
9
10  
6
16  
1. Examine all parts for excessive wear or play.  
7
15  
2. Pay particular attention to the orbit gears and the  
orbit gear pins. If the bores of the gears are scored  
or out-of-round, replace gears and pins.  
14  
13  
12  
11  
3. Check internal gear teeth for wear.  
1. Bearing Nut  
9. Reverse Idler Spur  
Gear  
10.Front Pin Spacer  
11.Friction Disk  
4. If friction surface of clutch cup is worn or damaged,  
replace cup.  
2. Compression Spring  
3. Front Pin Plate  
4. Sun Pinion Spur Gear  
5. Quill and Bushing  
Assembly  
6. Orbit Spur Gear  
7. Forward-Reverse Orbit  
Gear Steel Pin  
5. Check the friction surfaces of the reverse cone and  
internal gear for scoring. If surfaces are damaged,  
replace parts to prevent rapid wear of a new clutch.  
12.Reverse Gear Cone  
13.Clutch Cup Assembly  
14.Right hand Clutch Slide  
Rod  
15.Internal Spur  
16.Gear Cup  
When replacing the forward-reverse clutch unit, the  
planetary gears must be timed.  
Time planetary gears as follows:  
8. Spacer  
1. Place sun pinion in bore of front pin plate.  
Figure 19  
2. Secure pin-plate quill to the pin plate with three  
quill-securing bolts.  
7.5 FIRST -SECOND GEAR, CLUTCH AND  
PLANETARY  
To examine the first-second clutch and planetary,  
remove engine and release unit by turning the  
actuating shaft.  
3. Place the orbit gear pins in orbit gears.  
4. Mesh the three gears with sun pinion so that the  
timing marks form an equal sided triangle. Timing  
marks (Figure 19) are white paint marks on the  
opposite side of gears.  
7 -24  
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To avoid damage to the rear pin plate bushing, it is not  
recommended that planetary system be further  
disassembled unless definite problems exist.  
6. Carefully examine the shifting yoke, shifting clutch,  
stationary clutch and clutch housing. Particular  
attention should be given to see that the stationary  
clutch is properly secured against rotation. Also  
make sure the shifting clutch slides freely on the  
shifting gear.  
If an unreasonable amount of play is noticed in the  
system:  
1. Inspect orbit gear pins and bushings for wear.  
2. Inspect the orbit gear carrier bushing for wear.  
3. Check for worn or damaged gearing.  
4
3
1
2
2
1
3
1. Stationary Pivot  
2. Shifting Yoke  
3. Clutch Sliding Pin  
Figure 21  
1. Ring Gear and Bushing  
2. Planet Gear Carrier  
3. Internal Orbit Gear  
4. External Orbit Gear  
7. If no discrepancies have been found at this point or  
if the failure is obviously a part of the differential  
assembly, remove the differential assembly.  
8. Remove left hand wheel hub.  
Figure 20  
9. Remove left hand axle housing with axle.  
7.6 DIFFERENTIAL  
Before assuming internal Swiftamatic difficulties,  
inspect the external linkage and parts for binding.  
Carefully check the following:  
1. Check linkage for binding, sheared spring pin,  
loose nuts or debris build up.  
2. Check to see that the shifter arm is not binding on  
the stationary pivot.  
3. Check to see that the clutch sliding pivot is free.  
4. Check to see that the extension spring is in place.  
1
2
5. Check stationary clutch bolt. Be sure it is not  
sheared.  
3
6. Raise tractor wheels. Turn one wheel by hand. The  
other wheel should turn in the opposite direction.  
Check for tightness and rough spots while turning.  
7.7 DIFFERENTIAL REMOVAL  
1. Drain oil from transmission.  
1. Straight Axle  
2. Axle Housing  
3. End Plate  
2. Raise tractor and remove wheels.  
3. Remove right hand wheel hub.  
Figure 22  
4. Disconnect Swiftamatic shift linkage.  
5. Remove right hand axle housing with axle.  
7 -25  
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10.Remove the differential assembly from the tractor.  
11.Using wire cutters, remove wire securing bolts on  
each side of worm gear. Secure differential  
assembly upright in vise. (4 Speed Swiftamatic  
only).  
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
9
3
4
13  
14  
11  
12  
5
16  
12  
11  
7
19  
8
9
6
12  
10  
9
17  
20  
8
11  
10  
7
18  
6
6
1. Axle Housing Shim  
2. Axle Housing Gasket  
3. Race Bearing  
4. Cone Bearing  
5. Clutch Worm Gear  
Shim  
8. Differential Housing  
8
9. Differential Bevel Gear  
10.4 Lead Worm Gear  
11.Drive Block  
12.Spider Bevel Gear  
13.Spider Pinion Pin  
14.Differential Locking  
Housing  
9
7
10  
11  
14  
15  
13  
6. Roller Bearing Cup  
7. Roller Bearing Cone  
1. Race Bearing  
2. Cone Bearing  
3. Clutch Housing  
4. Clutch Worm Gear  
Shim  
5. Clutch Worm Gear  
Shim  
10.Differential Bevel Gear  
11.Pinned Bevel Gear  
12.Splined Pinned Shifter  
13.Roller Bearing Cup  
14.Roller Bearing Cone  
15.Pinned Housing  
16.Thrust Washer  
Figure 24 - 2-Speed  
15.Disassemble the differential mechanism-carefully  
checking the bore of the gears and the spider arms  
for scoring. Check the backs of the shifting train  
pinions.  
6. Spider Bevel Gear  
7. Flange Bushing  
8. Differential Shifting  
Bevel Gear  
17.Worm 8 Start Gear  
18.Spider Pin  
16.Reassemble the differential mechanism using new  
thrust needle bearings if any other parts were  
replaced. On the two spider arms with snap ring  
grooves at the end, assemble in this sequence:  
spider gear, shifting train pinion, bearing, spacer  
and snap ring. On the other two arms assemble in  
this sequence: spider gear, race, bearing, spacer  
and snap ring.  
19.Dowel Pin  
20.Dowel Pin  
9. Needle Thrust Bearing  
Figure 23 - 4-Speed  
12.Remove bolts securing clutch housing to worm  
gear. Remove clutch housing, gears, and shims.  
13.Turn worm gear over and remove pinned housing  
and gears.  
17.Tilt the differential mechanism and install it in the  
worm gear.  
14.Tilt differential mechanism and remove from worm  
gear. The mechanism does not ride on the inside  
surface of the gear.  
7 -26  
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Figure 26  
2-Speed Right Hand Axle  
1
Figure 25  
2
18.Install the pinned gear and differential gear on the  
pinned housing and install it on the worm gear. Use  
new drilled bolts (4 Speed Swiftamatic); clean bolts  
and apply a stud locking preparation to the bolt  
threads. Torque bolts to 17-20 ft-lbs (23 - 27 Nm)  
3
4
5
19.Turn worm gear over and install the clutch housing,  
with differential gear, shifting gear and shims on  
the worm gear. Torque bolts to 20 ft-lbs (27 Nm).  
Replace with new bolts.  
6
7
8
20.Check end play of shifting gear .00 - .010  
maximum. Remove clutch housing and adjust  
shims as necessary. Torque bolts to 20 ft-lbs (27  
Nm).  
2-Speed Left Hand Axle  
9
21.For the 4 Speed Swiftamatic, insert wire through  
one bolt head, cross and insert through other, then  
twist ends together securely. Trim twist to 1/2 inch  
length. Repeat, securing other bolts on other side  
of gear (Figure 27).  
10  
22.Install differential on L.H. axle in L.H. axle housing.  
(Pinned housing side of differential assembly in  
axle housing.) Be sure thrust pin is in place in the  
differential assembly so it will be between the  
axles.  
1. Arm Shifter  
2. Stationary Pivot  
3. O-Ring  
7. Seal  
8. Sliding Differential  
Locking Clutch  
4. Shifting Yoke  
5. Clutch Sliding Pin  
6. Straight Differential  
Locking Axle  
9. Housing Axle  
10.Straight Axle  
Figure 27  
7 -27  
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4-Speed Right Hand Axle  
20  
17  
19  
18  
16  
1
2
9
15  
3
4
4
14  
6
1
2
13  
3
12  
5
6
11  
2
8
5
7
10  
7
1. Stationary Pivot  
6. Seal  
2. O-Ring  
7. Shifting Clutch  
8. Stationary Clutch  
9. 2-Speed Axle Housing  
9
3. Shifting Yoke  
4. Clutch Sliding Pin  
5. Straight Axle  
8
Figure 28  
1. Back Plate  
2. Brake Disc  
3. Dog Plate Brake  
4. Trunnion Block  
5. Seal  
6. Quick Hitch Shaft  
7. Quick Hitch Casting  
8. Dog  
9. Friction Washer  
10.Dog Plate  
11.Drive Plate  
12.Friction Washer  
13.Back Plate  
14.PInion Shaft  
15.Shipper Shaft  
16.Shipper Shaft Gasket  
17.Shipper Shaft Body  
18.Shipper Shaft  
19.Set Screw  
23.Place equal amount of shims and a shellacked  
gasket on each axle housing. Install L.H. axle  
housing and differential assembly in tractor. Secure  
axle housing to tractor.  
24.Install R.H. axle housing on tractor, being sure the  
shifting clutch fits on the shifting gear. Secure axle  
housing to tractor. Torque bolts to 45 ft-lbs  
(61 Nm).  
20.Roll Pin  
Figure 29  
25.Remove the engine and high-low planetary or the  
advance casting and the forward-reverse  
planetary.  
1. Check the dog block for wear.  
2. Examine shifter shaft for wear.  
26.Using a screwdriver or similar tool, check the  
differential assembly for play. Running clearance  
should be .008" - .012". Adjust by adding or  
removing an equal amount of shims from each axle  
housing.  
3. For closer inspection of the shifter assembly,  
remove the assembly by removing jam nut inside  
of advance casting and then removing the shoulder  
bolt.  
27.Adjust axles for .008" - .012" end play. Add or  
remove shims behind the bearing cap.  
4. Inspect shifter body and its components for  
damage.  
5. Check for bearing failures.  
7.8 POWER TAKE OFF (PTO)  
If it becomes difficult to shift the power takeoff in and  
out of gear, check external linkage for binding.  
6. Examine pinion shaft for twisting.  
7. Replace worn or damaged parts.  
To examine the PTO, remove attachment boss plate on  
the front of advance casting. At this point the dog gear  
and shifting eccentrics are exposed (Figure 30).  
Proceed as follows:  
7 -28  
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SECTION 8 - FUEL SYSTEM  
The troubleshooting key is generic and can be used for  
8.1 FUEL SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING  
several types of transmissions. Use only those  
possible causes and corrective actions that apply to the  
unit.  
The following troubleshooting chart is to be used to  
isolate fuel system problems and give possible causes  
are corrective action responses  
TROUBLE  
Hard Starting  
POSSIBLE CAUSES  
(Refer to Key Below)  
CORRECTIVE ACTION  
1, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18  
clean, repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
repair or replace  
Fuel Leak at Carburetor  
Engine Floods  
5, 7, 17  
5, 15, 17  
Will not idle  
1, 2, 3, 6  
Rich idle  
1, 6, 14  
Idles with Needle Closed  
Hunts Erratic Idle  
Idles Fast Lean  
14  
2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18  
2, 3, 7  
Will Not Accelerate  
Over Rich Acceleration  
Hesitates  
1, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16  
1, 15  
2, 6, 11, 12, 16  
1, 11, 12, 14, 16  
1, 3, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18  
3, 6, 7, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18  
14  
Will Not Run at High Speed  
Low Power  
Hunts at High Speed  
Runs With Needle Closed  
Engine Overspeeds  
2, 3, 7, 14  
TROUBLESHOOTING KEY  
1
2
3
4
Plugged Air Filter  
Leaky Carburetor Gasket  
Throttle or Choke Shaft Worn  
Choke Not Functioning  
Properly  
5
Plugged Atmospheric Vent  
Air Bleed Restricted  
6
7
Damaged or Leaky "O" Rings  
Damaged Diaphragm  
Stuck or Dirty Ball Check  
Diaphragm Upside Down  
Plugged Tank or Vent  
Fuel Pick-up Restricted  
Idler Port Restricted  
8
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
Damaged Adjustment Needle  
and Seat  
15  
16  
17  
18  
Incorrect Float Height  
Main Nozzle Restricted  
Dirty, Stuck Needle and Seat  
Fuel Inlet Plugged  
8 -29  
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8.2 FUEL PUMP  
8.3 FUEL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION  
The impulse style fuel pump is the most commonly  
used fuel pump. Impulse fuel pumps may either be  
mounted externally onto the carburetor fuel inlet or  
remotely mounted. These pumps are connected in the  
fuel line between the fuel supply and the carburetor or  
directly to the fuel inlet.  
Any time fuel contamination is found in the fuel system  
(dirt, water algae, etc.) replace the fuel, fuel filter and  
flush the fuel lines. Remove the carburetor bowl and  
clean. Replace all items that cannot be cleaned.  
Reassemble the fuel system and check for proper  
operation.  
Impulse fuel pumps are operated by crankcase  
impulses created by the up and down movement of the  
piston. A hose called a pulse line connects the fuel  
pump diaphragm chamber and transmits the impulses  
to the pump diaphragm. The impulses actuate the  
diaphragm and the flap valves to lift the fuel from the  
fuel tank to the carburetor.  
8.4 FUEL TANK  
The fuel tank is made of composite material for long life  
without breaking down from the additives used in  
today’s blended fuels.  
8 -30  
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SECTION 9 - ELECTRICAL  
9.1 TOOLS  
9.2 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS  
There are some specialized tools and test equipment  
that are needed for electrical repair work. A brief  
description of these follows.  
Long or needle nose pliers - used to connect or bend  
wires and connectors in close quarters.  
Diagonal cutters - used to cut wires or trim  
connections.  
Wire stripper/crimping tool - available separately or  
as a combination tool. Used to strip insulation from  
wires of various sizes, crimp terminals and connector  
or wires.  
Soldering gun or soldering iron - used to solder all  
splices and connections to terminals, connector, etc. A  
soldering gun is faster and more convenient that  
waiting for a soldering iron to heat.  
Multimeter - analog or digital, to measure voltage,  
amperage and ohms.  
Tachometer - used to measure engine speed.  
Required to properly test alternator and charging  
circuits where output is dependent upon engine speed.  
Heat gun - used to shrink insulated tubing in place.  
Used to replace electrical tape or insulated sleeving. To  
use, place a piece of shrink tubing over a wire joint,  
heat with the heat gun, until it shrinks slightly around  
the joint.  
Supplies - electrical tape, rosin core solder (never use  
acid or acid core solder on electrical joints), an  
assortment of various size terminals, connectors,  
insulated or heat shrink tubing (for use on joints and  
connections), and an assortment of automotive type  
wire (in several colors).  
Gravely Company recommends that all work be done  
in a professional manner. The use of the tubing to  
cover joints and the soldering of connections contribute  
to a professional looking job. In addition to a pleasing  
appearance, repairs made in this manner are more  
likely to withstand vibration. (The weakest points in an  
electrical system are the joints where wires are  
attached.)  
Replace all defective components with Gravely  
replacement parts only. Engine parts, such as rectifiers  
or alternator components should be secured through  
the nearest engine service center.  
Gravely Company does not recommend attempting to  
repair electrical components. Most do not lend  
themselves to repair and you would have more money  
invested in "time of repair" than the part would cost and  
the results may not be as good.  
In many electrical circuits, there is some visible effect  
which indicates that the circuit is functioning properly. A  
switch is turned "ON" and a lamp lights. A key is  
turned, a starter motor runs and cranks the engine.  
If the lamp does not light, or the starter motor does not  
run, some means of measuring voltage, current flow,  
resistance and continuity is needed, (continuity means  
there is a complete electrical path through the circuit or  
component.)  
To know exactly what conditions exist in an electrical  
circuit requires AC and DC Voltmeter, AC and DC  
Ammeter, and an Ohmmeter.  
Multimeter  
A single combination meter that does all of these things  
is available. Such a meter is called a Multimeter or Volt-  
Ohm-multitester (VOM). Meters of this kind are avail-  
able in many forms and all change functions and  
ranges with switches, or by plugging test leads into dif-  
ferent jacks. Multimeters are available in two basic  
types, Analog and Digital.  
Analog Meters  
Analog Meters have a needle that moves across a  
scale to give a reading. The longer the scale, the easier  
it is to read and more accurate the reading will be. A  
jeweled movement is used in this type of meter is more  
likely to be damaged through rough handling (except  
for overloaded Protected Meters) or by measuring high  
values that exceed the range set on the meter than a  
digital meter. They provide excellent service for the  
money as long as they are used with care.  
Digital Meters  
Digital Meters do not have a movement and are there-  
fore more rugged. The reading shows up directly on a  
display window of some type. Since they read direct,  
no skill in reading the scale is required, nor is it neces-  
sary to set the range. The meter switches the ranges  
automatically. One has only to select the function DC  
Volts, AC Ampere, Ohms, etc.,) connect the test leads,  
and the reading is shown on the display. Because of  
the internal circuitry and the lack of a movement, these  
meters are not likely to be damaged by overloads.  
In the discussions that follow, either type of meter may  
be used. Test procedures are the same. It is best to  
learn proper procedures, even though some meters  
may be more forgiving of mistakes. Where differences  
in use may occur, they will be covered in the discus-  
sion.  
9 -31  
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glasses and proper protective gear when handling  
batteries to prevent electrolyte from coming in contact  
with eyes, skin or clothing.  
Voltage Measurement  
There are two basic rules to be remembered when  
using a voltmeter. A voltmeter measures the voltage  
difference between the test leads and the voltmeter is  
always connected across the circuit under test.  
WARNING: ELECTRIC SHOCK may result in  
injury and/or damage to unit.  
Current Measurement  
DO NOT allow tools or other objects to come  
into contact with both terminal at the same  
time. ALWAYS remove Negative (-) Cable first  
to reduce risk of sparks when removing bat-  
tery. ALWAYS connect Positive (+) Cable first,  
then connect Negative (-) Cable when install-  
ing battery.  
The two rules to remember when measuring current  
with an ammeter are; an ammeter measures the cur-  
rent that flows through the meter, and to measure cur-  
rent an ammeter must be connected into the circuit.  
The latter rule means that the circuit must be opened,  
and the ammeter wired into it. Because this procedure  
is usually difficult, an ammeter is seldom used for trou-  
bleshooting.  
WARNING: EXPLOSIVE GASES can result  
in serious injury or death. ALWAYS keep open  
flames, sparks, or smoking materials away  
from battery.  
Resistance Measurement  
An ohmmeter is used to make resistance measure-  
ments and to check continuity through wires and elec-  
trical components.  
There is one rule to keep in mind when using an ohm-  
meter. The ohmmeter has a self contained battery and  
requires no electrical power. Using the ohmmeter on a  
circuit that has power applied may result in damage to  
the meter.  
POISONOUS BATTERY FLUID contains sul-  
furic acid and its contact with skin, eyes or  
clothing can cause severe chemical burns.  
ALWAYS wear safety glasses and protective  
gear near battery.  
DO NOT TIP any battery beyond 45 degree  
angle in any direction.  
ALWAYS KEEP BATTERIES OUT OF  
REACH of children.  
IMPORTANT: Disconnect the equipment battery when  
making Ohmmeter test or damage to the Ohmmeter  
may result.  
IMPORTANT: An ohmmeter reads the resistance of  
whatever component is connected between the test  
leads. It can be used to check wires, coils, light bulbs,  
or any item that conducts current.  
WARNING: REVERSE CONNECTIONS may  
result in sparks which may result in injury.  
ALWAYS connect/disconnect cables in proper  
order.  
9.3 SAFETY INTERLOCK SYSTEM  
The tractor has an electrical interlock system. Several  
switches need to be engaged for the engine to start  
and run. The switches in the system are:  
Set-Up  
The new battery is dry charged. The dealer or  
customer must add electrolyte (sulfuric acid and  
water).  
• PTO Interlock  
• Forward/Reverse Interlock  
1. Remove the battery from the unit.  
• Left and Right presence on handlebars (only one  
needs to be engaged)  
2. Remove all the vent caps from the battery and set  
the caps to one side.  
• Steering Brake Presence (Optional) electrically has  
the same function as the right hand presence  
switch.  
3. Take the electrolyte which should be 1.265 specific  
gravity at 80oF, and fill each cell so that the  
electrolyte is level with the bottom of the fill ring.  
The PTO, forward/reverse and one of the presence  
switches must be closed for the engine to start. Once  
the engine is running only one of the presence  
switches needs to be closed.  
4. The battery should stand for 1/2 hour. Now check  
electrolyte level in each cell again. If necessary  
add more electrolyte to bring the level up to the  
bottom of the ring.  
5. Charge until all cells are gassing freely, and the  
specific gravity is constant over three successive  
readings taken at 30 minute intervals.  
9.4 BATTERY  
When charging battery, remove it from unit first. Keep  
batteries out of reach of children. ALWAYS follow  
information provided on battery by battery  
manufacturer. Lead acid batteries generate explosive  
gases. Severe chemical burns can result from  
improper handling of battery electrolyte. Wear safety  
6. Immediately after charging check level of  
electrolyte. If the level is low add distilled water to  
bring it up to the required level.  
9 -32  
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7. Replace the vent caps. It is not necessary to  
tighten more than finger tight.  
Remove hold down and bolt and lift battery out. Clean  
or service battery away from unit. Remove corrosion  
from battery terminals and cable connections with wire  
brush, then wash with a weak baking soda solution.  
8. Wash off the battery to remove electrolyte which  
may have spilled.  
Scrub the exterior of the battery and cable terminals  
with a nonmetallic brush which has been dipped into a  
mixture of baking soda and water.  
Battery Electrolyte First Aid  
External contact: Flush with water.  
Eyes: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes and get  
medical attention immediately!  
After cleaning, apply a thin coat of grease or petroleum  
jelly to terminals and cable ends to retard corrosion.  
Reinstall battery.  
Internal contact: Drink large quantities of water.  
Follow with Milk of Magnesia, beaten egg or vegetable  
oil. Get medical attention immediately!  
Check the alternator voltage regulator output (if used)  
at every periodic maintenance inspection. Over  
charging is a common cause of battery failure.  
IMPORTANT: In case of internal contact, DO NOT  
induce vomiting!  
Electrolyte Level  
Inspection, Cleaning, Drying, and Maintenance  
Every 25 hours of operation, check electrolyte level of  
each cell by removing caps one at a time. The  
electrolyte level should be at level indicated. Use  
distilled water to fill each cell if needed. Install and  
tighten each cap after checking.  
Inspect the top of battery, terminals, cables, terminal  
posts, and case for any accumulation of dirt, corrosion  
cracks or loose or broken parts. Keep battery and its  
terminals clean. Inspect monthly to maintain best  
performance. Replace battery if damaged.  
IMPORTANT: When distilled water is added to battery  
during freezing weather, battery must be charged to  
mix water with electrolyte, or water will remain at top  
and freeze.  
Models with Briggs & Stratton Engines  
and Kohler Engines  
Charging  
2
ALWAYS follow information provided on battery by  
battery manufacturer. Contact battery manufacturer for  
extensive instructions to charge battery.  
1
Place unit on a level surface, shut off engine and open  
battery compartment to gain access to battery.  
Disconnect negative (-) cable first, then positive (+)  
cable.  
3
To charge battery:  
4
1. Loosen strap and remove battery from unit.  
2. Place battery on bench or other well ventilated  
place where electrolyte spill will not create  
damage.  
Models with Robin Engines  
1
3
3. Remove caps and fill each cell to level indicated  
with electrolyte at 1.265 specific gravity at 80oF  
(27oC).  
2
4
4. Let battery stand for one half hour.  
5. Check electrolyte level and add more if necessary.  
6. Connect positive (+) lead of charger to positive (+)  
terminal, and negative (-) lead to negative (-)  
terminal.  
1. Fuel Cap  
2. Negative Battery Cable  
3. Battery  
7. Charge the battery at two and a half amps for ten  
hours or until all cells are gassing freely and the  
specific gravity is constant over three 30 minute  
intervals.  
4. Positive Battery Cable  
Figure 30  
9 -33  
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Specific Gravity Check  
Jump Starting  
The specific gravity should be checked with a  
hydrometer.  
Jump starting, battery charging, or replacement is  
required when the starter motor will not crank the  
engine.  
NOTE: The specific gravity should be checked in each  
cell and should be the same for all cells. A variation in a  
cell reading could be an indication of a problem. Sub-  
tract .004 from 1.265 for each 10oF below 80oF (27oC)  
or add .004 to 1.265 for each 10oF above 80oF (27oC).  
The unit used for jump starting should have a 12 volt  
battery with at least 500 cold cranking amperes, and a  
negatively grounded system.  
WARNING: FROZEN BATTERIES CAN  
EXPLODE and result in death or serious  
injury. DO NOT charge a frozen battery. Let  
the battery thaw out before putting on a  
charger.  
UNIT MOVEMENT can result in death or  
serious injury. NEVER jump start unit directly  
to the starter or starter solenoid. Unit can  
move forward or backward and injure the  
person jump starting unit.  
A special temperature compensated hydrometer is  
used to read the battery’s state of charge.  
The reading on the hydrometer gauge should be above  
1.225. If the reading falls below 1.225 specific gravity  
there will be an insufficient charge.  
ALWAYS charge the battery until the specific gravity of  
1.265 is reached over 3 successive readings. Check  
monthly to ensure charge is maintained. The  
approximate state of charge can be determined by the  
cell specific gravity of the rested open circuit voltage at  
room temperature and the charging time can be  
estimated. For example:  
To jump start the battery:  
1. Ensure battery is not frozen. If the fluid is frozen,  
remove battery from unit and allow to thaw before  
charging.  
OCV  
Specific  
Gravity  
% of  
Charge  
Charging  
Time  
2. Connect the positive (+) jumper cable to the  
positive (+) terminal of the discharged battery.  
12.60  
12.4  
1.265  
1.225  
1.180  
1.130  
1.100  
100%  
75%  
50%  
25%  
0%  
---  
3. Connect the other end of the same jumper cable to  
the positive (+) terminal of the booster battery.  
3 hours  
7 hours  
10 hours  
12 hours  
12.20  
12.00  
11.80  
4. Connect one end of the second jumper cable to the  
negative (-) terminal of the booster battery.  
5. Make the final jumper cable connection to the  
engine block or the furthest ground point away  
from the discharged battery.  
If using an automatic tapering 12 volt charger, choosing  
a good quality 5 to 10 amps 15VDC minimum output  
charger and charge for 3 to 12 hours according to the  
battery state of charge (see table above) or until the  
specific gravity in each cell reaches 1.255 - 1.265  
specific gravity at 80oF (27oC).  
WARNING: Make sure cables are clear of any  
moving engine parts before starting engine.  
6. Start engine (refer to Owner’s Manual). If engine  
will not start after several tries, unit or battery may  
need service.  
If using a constant current charger, charge at 1 to 2  
amperes for the time given on the table above or until  
full specific gravity is reached.  
7. After engine starts, leave cables connected for one  
to two minutes.  
IMPORTANT: Charging at higher rates will damage the  
battery and cause excessive gassing and acid  
spewing.  
8. Disconnect cables in reverse order.  
9. Operate unit as normal to charge battery.  
Storage  
Battery Charger  
The battery is a perishable item and it should be stored  
properly to obtain a long, useful life. Batteries not in  
use will self discharge.  
Under normal conditions the engine alternator will keep  
the battery charged. When unit has set for an extended  
period of time without operation and the battery has  
been completely discharged, a battery charger will be  
required for recharging.  
If the battery will not be used for more than three  
months, it should be removed and stored in a cool, dry  
place.  
Before using a charger, an attempt can be made to  
recharge the battery using the engine alternator by  
jump starting the unit and allowing the engine to run.  
Any collection of dirt, grease, or electrolyte should be  
removed from the top of the battery.  
The battery must be recharged monthly or when the  
cell specific gravity reads less than 1.255 specific  
9 -34  
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gravity. Before reinstalling the battery in the spring, it  
should always be fully recharged.  
Variation from test results described indicates a  
defective switch.  
Ignition Switch  
9.5 SWITCHES  
NOTE: Refer to the wiring diagram of the unit involved  
to determine switch functions and test using the  
methods described.  
Switches either open a circuit to stop current flow or  
close and allow current to flow through.  
A normally open (N.O.) switch prevents current flow  
until the switch is actuated, completing the circuit and  
allowing current to flow through it. An example is a light  
switch - the lights are off until the switch is actuated  
and the lights go on.  
The ignition switch incorporates a number of functions,  
although not all functions are used on all equipment.  
The switch has three positions: OFF, RUN, and a  
momentary contact START position. Use an ohmmeter  
to check the continuity of the switch in each position.  
A normally closed (N.C.) switch allows current to flow  
until the switch is actuated, breaking the circuit and  
stopping current flow through it. An example is an  
ignition switch that grounds the magneto when in the  
off position (completing the circuit) but opens the circuit  
when in the ON position allowing the engine to operate.  
OFF Position - Should be continuity between contacts  
G and M. These connections ground the engine  
magneto and stop the engine in the OFF position.  
RUN Position - Should be continuity between contacts  
B and A. These connections supply power to the rest of  
the wiring harness. Connections G and M open to each  
other.  
Switches are selected with regard to Current rating  
(contacts must be of sufficient size to carry the required  
current), Voltage rating (switches insulated for specific  
voltages), Case or housing (switches that are exposed  
to moisture and must be sealed to prevent moisture  
from entering), and Actuating type (push, pull, rotary,  
momentary contact, or micro switches).  
START Position - Hold switch in START position while  
testing. There should be continuity between contacts  
S1 and S2. These connections apply power to close  
the solenoid contacts and operate the starter motor.  
In addition to the above test, place the switch in the run  
position and check between each contact and ground  
(metal case) to be sure no terminals are grounded. If  
the switch is operating properly, there will be no  
continuity between contacts other than those  
described.  
NOTE: Check that the connections to the switches are  
secure and that a switch is being activated properly  
before performing electrical test on switches. (Safety  
switches on speed selector and clutch levers may be  
out of adjustment and not activating.)  
IMPORTANT: When checking switches, remove them  
from their respective circuit by disconnecting the wires  
from the switch at the connector(s). Damage could  
result to the meter or machine components if switches  
are left in.  
9.6 SOLENOID AND RELAYS  
Solenoid and relays are both magnetically operated  
devices. Both devices operate on the principle that  
passing a current of electricity through a coil of wire will  
create a magnetic field strong enough to attract a piece  
of iron or steel. Each device uses this principle in a  
slightly different manner.  
Normally Open Switch  
To test a normally open switch (key, headlight, safety,  
or seat) connect the ohmmeter across the switch  
terminals. Meter should indicate open circuit (infinite  
resistance). Activate the switch. The ohmmeter should  
read up scale to zero resistance (Close Circuit). This  
indicates the switch is operating properly. Also check  
from each terminal to the switch case (if case is metal).  
Reading should show infinite resistance indicating no  
short to ground.  
Relay - A basic relay consists of a coil of wire wound  
around a soft iron (magnetic) core. When current is  
passed through the coil, the core is magnetized and  
pulls down on a magnetic lever. The lever in turn is  
attached to several switch contacts which open or  
close other electrical circuits. In this fashion, a small  
current can control one or more larger electrical  
currents and actuate several other devices. In most  
cases a relay contact moves only a fraction of an inch  
and the magnetic pull is small.  
Variation from test results described indicates a  
defective switch.  
Solenoid - A basic solenoid consists of a coil of wire  
wound around a hollow tube. A magnetic core slides  
inside the tube. When current is passed through the  
coil, the core is pulled into the solenoid with  
considerable force. With proper design, a solenoid can  
exert considerable force over a distance of several  
inches. A solenoid can therefore, pull a lever, close a  
heavy contact, or perform other jobs that require a  
straight line pull.  
Normally Closed Switch  
To test a normally closed switch connect the ohmmeter  
across the switch terminals. Meter should indicate a  
closed circuit (zero resistance). Activate the switch and  
the meter should move to open circuit (infinite  
resistance). Check from each terminal to ground  
(switch case). Meter should show open circuit (infinite  
resistance).  
9 -35  
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If a relay or solenoid fails to operate, the cause may be  
either electrical or mechanical.  
Electrical testing of these devices is simple. Since the  
device either conducts current (and is therefore  
functioning) or the device is open and is therefore  
defective. Use an ohmmeter to check for continuity.  
To check electrically, connect a voltmeter across the  
coil of the device and activate the circuit that operates  
the relay or solenoid. If the meter indicates no voltage  
is applied, the cause is in the control circuit.  
9.8 DIODES AND RECTIFIERS  
Diodes are solid state, semiconductor devices. They  
contain no moving parts and conduct current better in  
one direction than the other.  
If the meter indicates proper voltage across the coil but  
the device does not function, remove the power,  
disconnect the wiring and check the continuity of the  
coil with an ohmmeter. The meter should indicate  
resistance, in the order of 3 to 5 ohms, if the coil is  
intact. A high resistance indicates an open coil and a  
defective device.  
Diodes allow current to flow through one circuit without  
"backing up" into another. In engine alternator circuits,  
a diode is used to convert current which flows back and  
forth (AC) in a circuit to current which flows only in one  
direction (DC). A device which converts alternating  
current to a direct current is called a RECTIFIER. A  
diode is one type of rectifier.  
There are also a number of mechanical problems that  
may cause the problem.  
The starter solenoid in the Gravely equipment is a  
sealed unit used to actuate the starter motor on the  
engines. These solenoids may have three or four  
connections. The two large connections carry high  
current to operate the starter motor. The small  
connections are connected to the coil and carry the  
control current.  
To check a diode, isolate if from the circuit by  
disconnecting one end. With a multitester set on the  
lowest ohms scale setting, measure the resistance in  
one direction, reverse the test leads, and measure in  
the other direction. Readings should be high in one  
direction and low in the other. (If the readings are low in  
both directions, the diode is shorted, and if the  
readings are high, the diode is open.) If the readings  
are the same in both directions, the diode is defective  
and must be replaced.  
To check the solenoid, disconnect the cables to the  
starter motor, turn the ignition switch to the start  
position, and listen for the solenoid to snap inside  
contacts closed.  
IMPORTANT: Diodes are marked to indicate polarity (a  
band on one end, an arrow on the side, or they fit on a  
holder only one way.  
If no snap is heard, check across the coils with a  
voltmeter. The voltage should read 12 volts with the  
ignition switch in the start position. If no voltage  
appears, the defect is in the start circuit.  
Rectifiers  
If the voltage is correct, turn off the power and check  
continuity of the coil with an ohmmeter. If the coil is  
open, the solenoid is defective and must be replaced.  
A battery is charged through the use of an alternator  
located in or on the engine. A charging circuit contains  
a rectifier because alternators produce alternating  
current (AC) and batteries require direct current (DC)  
for charging.  
If the coil has the proper voltage applied, and the  
continuity check indicates the coil is intact, the solenoid  
plunger is stuck or the contacts are welded shut and  
the solenoid must be replaced.  
The rectifier may be built into the engine or it may be  
an external part. It may also contain a regulator to  
prevent overcharging the battery. (Servicing of  
rectifiers built into the engine should be done by an  
approved engine manufacturer’s service center. Such a  
service center has access to the information and parts  
required to test and repair or replace engine  
If the solenoid snaps shut, but the start does not  
operate, check across the large contacts with an  
ohmmeter. If there is no continuity when the solenoid  
snaps shut, the contacts are defective and the solenoid  
must be replaced.  
components, including rectifiers and regulators.)  
9.7 FUSES  
Units that contain both a rectifier and regulator are  
tested in a working circuit to make sure the regulator  
portion of the device is operating.  
Fuses are connected in electrical circuits to protect the  
circuits from damage due to overload or short circuits.  
Fuses are a "weak link" in the circuit. They contain a  
metal link designed to melt when a certain current  
value is exceeded thus opening or disconnecting the  
wiring. Once a fuse blows or melts it must be discarded  
and replaced with a new fuse of the same value.  
Since the function of the fuse is to protect the circuit,  
NEVER attempt to defect the protective device by  
bridging or replacing with a device of a higher current  
rating.  
9 -36  
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9.9 WIRING DIAGRAM  
1
4
3
5
2
7
8
6
10  
9
Robin Engine  
Briggs & Stratton Engine  
and Kohler Engine  
1. Steering Brake  
Harness  
2. Handlebar Wiring  
Harness  
3. Switch  
4. Solenoid  
5. Wiring Harness  
6. Relay  
7. Hourmeter  
8. Ignition Switch  
9. Fuse  
10.Interlock Open Switch  
9 -37  
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9.10 CONTINUITY DIAGRAM  
The diagrams below show the various states of connection for electrical components.  
The solid lines on switches show continuity.  
NOTE: All switches are viewed from the rear.  
Relay  
(03042800)  
Key Switch  
(03602300)  
A
A
A
S2  
S2  
S2  
87  
87  
S1  
S1  
S1  
B
B
B
86  
85  
86  
85  
87A  
87A  
M
G
M
G
M
G
30  
30  
OFF  
RUN  
START  
NOT ENERGIZED  
ENERGIZED  
Handlebar Switch  
(08828300)  
Solenoid  
(03492300)  
1
1
2
2
HAND  
OFF HANDLE  
HAND  
ON HANDLE  
NOT ENERGIZED  
ENERGIZED  
PTO Switch  
(08571800)  
FWD/REV Switch  
(08571900)  
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
ENAGED  
(button out)  
NEUTRAL  
(button out)  
FORWARD OR REVERSE  
(button in)  
DISENGAGED  
(button in)  
PH0421  
9 -38  
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9.11 12 HP ELECTRIC START - KOHLER  
9 -39  
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9.12 8 HP MANUAL START - KOHLER  
9 -40  
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9.13 8 HP ELECTRIC START - KOHLER  
9 -41  
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9.14 16 HP ELECTRIC START - BRIGGS  
9 -42  
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9.15 ROBIN ENGINES  
9 -43  
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Gravely  
A division of Ariens Company  
655 West Ryan Street  
P.O. Box 157  
Brillion, WI 54110-0157  
920-756-2141  
Fax 920-756-2407  
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