GPS
12
Per sonal
Navigat or
TM
Ow n e r ’s
Ma n u a l
&Re f e r e n c e
®
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INTRODUCTION
Packing List
GPS 12
Own er ’s
Man ual
Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 12 —the smallest, easiest-
to-use GPS navigator for outdoor use! The GPS 12 represents GARMIN’s
continuing commitment to provide quality navigation information in a
versatile and user-friendly flexible design you’ll enjoy for years. To get the
most from your new GPS, take the time to read through the owner’s man-
ual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS 12. This
manual is organized into four sections for your convenience:
Introduction gives a quick overview of the manual and contains the
table of contents and the glossary of navigational terms.
Getting Started introduces you to the basic features of the unit and
provides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 12.
Reference provides details about the advanced features and opera-
tions of the GPS 12 by topic.
The Appendix section contains initialization instructions and items
with multiple listings, such as map datums, time offsets, and the
index.
Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMIN
GPS 12 package includes the following items. If you are missing any
parts, please contact your dealer immediately.
Standard Package:
• GPS 12 Unit
• Wrist Strap
• Owner’s Manual
• Quick Reference Guide
See your GARMIN dealer for accessories including our PC kit, swivel
mounts, external antennas, and power/data cables.
We at GARMIN hope the GPS 12 will help you meet all of your
navigation needs and know it will become a valuable piece of your
outdoor gear.
i
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INTRODUCTION
Caution
The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States,
which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is
subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all
GPS equipment. Although the GPS 12 is a precision electronic NAVigation
AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore,
become unsafe.
Use the GPS 12 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe opera-
tion, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operator’s Manual
and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual
use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 12 to all
available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs,
visual sightings, maps, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before
continuing navigation.
NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC limits for
Class B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compli-
ance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-
dance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio commu-
nications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the
equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected
equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician
for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is
subject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 12 does
not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an
authorizedservice center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void
your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15
regulations.
ii
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INTRODUCTION
Table of
Contents
SECTION ONE Introduction
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
Battery Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Keypad Usage & Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Primary Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
SECTION TWO Getting Started
Power On & Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Position Page, Map Page, & Going To A Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Clearing the Map, Screen Contrast, & Power Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
SECTION THREE Reference
Satellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13
Battery Level Indicator, Backlighting, and Emergency Erase . . . . . . .14
Position Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-16
Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Waypoint Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-22
GOTO & Man Overboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-25
Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-30
Compass & Highway Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-34
Map Page, Zooming, & Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-37
Map Options & Map Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Track Log Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39-40
Main Menu Page, Distance/Sun Calculations & Messages . . . . . .40-41
Setup Menu & System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-43
Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-45
Angular Heading Selection & Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Interface Setup & DGPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47-48
Language Setup & Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
SECTION FOUR Appendices
Appendix A––Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51
Appendix B—Specifications & Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53
Appendix C—Messages and Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55
Appendix D—Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57
Appendix E––Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-60
1
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INTRODUCTION
Glossary
The GPS 12 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in
the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful
to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below.
Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the
appropriate reference sections of the manual.
Almanac Data
Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satel-
lites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data
must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin.
Bearing (BRG)
The compass direction from your position to a destination.
Course Made Good (CMG)
The bearing from the “active from” position (your starting point) to your
present position.
Crosstrack Error (XTK)
The distance you are off a desired course in either direction.
Desired Track (DTK)
The compass course between the “from” and “to” waypoints.
Differential GPS (DGPS)
An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to
transmit position corrections to GPS receivers.
Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)
The time of day of your arrival at a destination.
Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)
The time left to your destination at your present speed.
2
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INTRODUCTION
Glossary
Grid
Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square
zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid
systems.
Ground Speed (SPD)
The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position.
Latitude
The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth’s
polar axis.
Longitude
An east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian,
an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles.
Navigation
The process of traveling from one place to another and knowing where
you are in relation to your desired course.
Position
An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.
Track (TRK)
The direction of movement relative to a ground position.
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface to
measure position in specific zones.
Velocity Made Good (VMG)
The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination.
Waypoint
A specific location saved in the receiver’s memory.
3
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INTRODUCTION
Battery Installation
Battery
Installation
The GPS 12 operates on 4 AA batteries, which are
installed at the base of the unit. These batteries provide
up to 24 hours of use.
To install the batteries:
1. Remove the battery cover by turning the thumb
loop at the bottom of the unit 1/4 turn counter-
clockwise.
2. Insert the batteries into position. The battery pole
you can still see should match the symbol (+ or –)
marked on the case.
3. Replace and secure the battery cover by turning
the thumb loop 1/4 turn clockwise.
Battery life varies due to a variety of factors,
including temperature and backlighting. You may
find that lithium batteries provide longer life in colder
conditions.
4
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INTRODUCTION
Keypad Usage &
Data Entry
Turns the unit on and off and
activates screen backlighting.
B
P
M
Scrolls through the main data
pages in sequence and returns
display from a submenu page
to a primary page.
DATA ENTRY
Press the U or D
key to scroll through let-
ters, numbers, and to
highlight menu options
and data fields. Press
the L or R key to move
along data entry fields
and menu options. After
a data field is highlight-
ed, press E to acti-
vate the field for
Captures a position and dis-
plays the mark position page.
Displays GOTO page with
the waypoint highlighted for
GOTO operation. Pressing
GOTO twice activates MOB.
G
Confirms data entry and
activates highlighted fields
to allow data entry.
change. Press
E
E
Q
again to confirm the
entries or changes.
Returns display to a previous
page, or restores a data field’s
previous value.
Selects alphanumerical
characters and menu choices
and moves the field highlight
from field to field.
UD
Moves the selected character
field and moves the field
highlight from field to field.
L R
5
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INTRODUCTION
Primary Pages
Before we start the tour, let’s briefly look at the five
primary information pages used for the GPS 12. Switch
Primary Pages
between pages by pressing either the
or
keys.
Q
J
J
Satellite
Position
Main Menu
Map
Compass
Q
Satellite Page
The Satellite Page shows satellite positions and
signal strength. Satellite positions are displayed using
two circles and a center point. The outer circle shows
satellites on level with the horizon; the inner circle is
45º above the horizon; and the center point represents
satellites directly overhead. Knowing satellite positions
will show you the direction of any blocked signals.
The bottom of the page contains a row of signal
Satellite Page
strength bars corresponding to each satellite being used.
The Satellite Page will
allow you to monitor
satellite signal reception
and strength.
Position Page
The Position Page shows you where you are, what
direction you’re heading and how fast you’re going.
The top of the page contains a compass tape which
is a graphic representation of your heading (or ‘track’).
Your track and speed are indicated immediately below.
The graphic compass tape reflects your actual
heading (track) only while you are moving.
!
#
The rest of the page shows your current position in
three dimensions: latitude, longitude, and altitude. A
trip odometer and 12/24-hour clock are also provided.
Position Page
6
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INTRODUCTION
Map Page
The Map Page acts as a window. It allows you to
view your position, the “path” you have traveled over,
and nearby waypoints.
Primary Pages
A diamond icon in the center of the screen repre-
sents your current position. As you move, you will see
a thin line—called a track log—appear along the path
you have just covered. Names of stored waypoints and
nearby cities can also be shown on the map.
The bottom corners of the map will always display
your current track and speed. When going to a way-
point, highlighting an on-screen waypoint, or using the
panning target crosshair, the corresponding distance
and bearing are shown at the top corners of the map.
The top of the screen contains the zoom, pan, and con-
figuration fields.
Map Page
Navigation Page
The Map Page shows
your progress on a mov-
ing map plotter and gives
a bird’s-eye-view of sur-
rounding waypoints.
A navigation page gives you steering guidance
when going to a waypoint. The GPS 12 has two naviga-
tion page choices: the Compass Page and the Highway
Page. The Compass Page is the default and will be
briefly explained here. The Highway Page is covered on
page 34.
The Compass Page shows the destination way-
point at the top of the page with the bearing (BRG) and
distance (DST) to the waypoint shown below. The cen-
ter of the page contains a compass ring and arrow to
show you the direction of the waypoint from the direc-
tion you are moving. The bottom of the page gives
your track (TRK), speed (SPD), and a selectable field
for estimated time to arrival (ETA), estimated time
enroute (ETE), course to steer (CTS), crosstrack error,
(XTK), velocity made good (VMG), or turn bearing
(TRN).
Compass Page
The Compass Page is the
default navigation page
and will show you the
way to the waypoint from
the direction you are
moving.
Main Menu Page
The last primary page is the Main Menu Page.
The Main Menu Page gives you access to the GPS 12’s
waypoint management, route, track log, and setup fea-
tures through a list of submenus.
7
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GETTING
STARTED
Getting Started Tour
Now that you’ve seen the primary pages, let’s get
started by taking a simple tour to show you the basics
about using your GPS 12. The tour assumes that your
unit has been turned on and that none of the factory
settings ( units of measure, selectable fields, etc.) have
been changed. If these settings have been changed, the
pictures and descriptions you see in this manual may
not match what you see on your screen.
Power On &
Marking a
Position
Turning the GPS 12 On
1. Press
until the receiver turns on.
B
The welcome page will appear while the unit con-
ducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the Satellite
Page will appear. When sufficient satellite signals have
been acquired, the Satellite Page will be replaced by the
Position Page.
Marking a Position with defaults
The welcome page will be
shown while the unit con-
ducts a self test. Press
PAGE to quickly move on
to the Satellite Page.
GPS is really about marking and going to places
called waypoints. Before we can use our GPS 12 to
guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as a
waypoint. (Your GPS 12 can hold up to 500 waypoints.)
To mark your present position:
1. Press the
key. The mark position page will
M
appear, with a default three-digit name for the new
waypoint in the upper-left portion of the page. You can
save the waypoint with the default name and symbol
at this time by highlighting ‘SAVE’ and pressing
.
E
To rename the waypoint:
1. Highlight the name field, and press
.
E
2. Enter the waypoint name ‘HOME’, and press
.
E
(See pg. 5 for data entry.) The waypoint symbol field
will become highlighted.
Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom way-
point symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the map.
Press the UP arrow to
move forward through the
alphabet or numbers and
the DOWN arrow to
move backward.
To change the waypoint symbol:
1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field, and press
.
E
2. Select the house symbol, and press
.
E
3. Move the cursor to the ‘DONE?’ prompt, and press
.
E
8
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GETTING
STARTED
Using the Position Page
Walk for 3-4 minutes and watch the Position Page.
The direction you are moving (track), your speed, trip
distance, and altitude are shown on the upper half of
the screen. The latitude and longitude of your position
are displayed in the middle of the page, with the time
of day shown below.
Position/Map
Pages & Going
To a Waypoint
Let’s continue by moving to the next page:
1. Press
.
P
Map Page
The next page is the Map Page. To ensure we can
see our entire trip on the map, lets change the map
scale from 0.2 mi (default) to 1.2 mi.
1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the ‘ZOOM’ field
located directly to the right of the magnifying glass at
the top left of the Map Page and press
.
E
The Map Page displays
your present position as a
diamond icon and pro-
vides a real-time graphic
“breadcrumb” display of
your track right on the
screen.
2. Press the
or
E
arrow until ‘1.2 mi’ is shown
and pressU . D
The Map Page shows your present position as a
diamond icon in the center of the map. The house
symbol labeled ‘HOME’ is the waypoint you created
and the line connecting the two is your track log.
1. Now turn approximately 90º to your right and continue
walking for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how the dis-
play changes, always keeping the direction you are
moving at the top of the map (see right).
Going to a Waypoint
Once you’ve stored a waypoint in memory, you
may return to it by performing a GOTO. A GOTO is a
straight-line course from your present position to the
destination you’ve selected. Let’s navigate back to our
starting position, the HOME waypoint.
To select a GOTO destination:
The GOTO waypoint
page allows you to select
a destination from a
list of all available way-
points in the GPS 12’s
memory.
1. Press
.
G
2.Highlight the ‘HOME’ waypoint, and press
.
E
You’ll notice that you’ll automatically return to the
Map Page, and a straight line will connect your current
position to the position of the destination waypoint.
Let’s continue by moving to the next page:
9
1. Press
.
P
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GETTING
STARTED
Compass Page
Destination
Waypoint
Compass Page
and Cancelling
a GOTO
Bearing to
Waypoint
Distance to
Waypoint
Graphic
Compass
Speed Over
Ground
Pointer to
Waypoint
Track Over
Ground
Selectable Field
Whenever you select a destination waypoint, the
GPS 12 provides graphic steering guidance with the
Compass Page (the default navigation page). The “com-
pass ring” in the middle of the page shows your course
over ground while you’re moving, with a pointer arrow
to the destination displayed in the center. The arrow
shows the direction of your destination relative to the
direction you are moving. For instance, if the arrow
points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the
arrow points any other direction (left, right, down, etc.),
turn toward the arrow until it points up. Then continue
in that direction.
The GPS 12 will also pro-
vide steering guidance
with a Highway Page.
To change the display
from the Compass Page,
press ENTER twice.
The bearing and distance to a waypoint are dis-
played at the top of the screen, and your current track
and speed are shown below. The default ‘ETE’ field, at
the bottom of the screen, is a user-selectable field that
can provide a variety of navigation information. We’ll
cover more about that field in the reference section (see
page 32).
As you get close to ‘HOME’, you’ll be alerted to
press PAGE. The GPS 12 will give you the message
“Arrival at HOME”. Once you’ve arrived, you’ll notice
the distance field will read 0.00.
Once a GOTO is activat-
ed, the GPS 12 provides
steering guidance until the
GOTO is canceled. To
cancel a GOTO, highlight
the cancel prompt at the
bottom of the page and
press ENTER.
Cancelling a GOTO
If you decide to stop navigating to the active way-
point, all you have to do is cancel the GOTO.
To cancel an active GOTO:
1. Press the
key.
G
2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to the
‘CANCEL GOTO’ prompt at the bottom of the page and
E
press
.
10
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GETTING
STARTED
Clearing a Cluttered Map Display
After you’ve used the GPS12 for a few trips, you
may find that your map display has become a bit messy
from keeping track of your every move. For practice,
let’s clean up the screen by clearing the track log (the
plot points left on the Map Page) we’ve just created
during the Getting Started tour.
Clearing the
Map, Adjusting
Contrast, &
Power Off
1. Press
or
P Q
until the Map Page appears.
2. Highlight the ‘OPT’ field and press
.
E
3. Highlight ‘Track Setup’ and press
.
E
4. Highlight the ‘CLEARLOG?’ option and press
The clear log confirmation page will appear. E
.
5. Use the
L
key to highlight the ‘Yes’ prompt.
6. Press
to finish.
E
Highlight the ‘CLEAR
LOG?’ prompt and press
ENTER to clear the track
log.
Adjusting Screen Contrast
You can access the GPS 12’s contrast feature from
the Satellite Page.
To adjust the screen contrast:
Note: With the ‘Wrap’
record option, once all
1024 points are used dur-
ing normal operation, the
oldest point will be contin-
uously deleted to make
room for the latest track
log point to be stored.
1. Press
or
P Q
until the Satellite Page
appears.
2. Press
E
L
.
or
Rto adjust the level of contrast, and press
Screen Backlighting
Screen backlighting is available for nighttime use.
Activate backlighting by pressing the
key briefly.
B
Backlighting will remain on for the time specified on
the system setup page (See page 43).
Turning the Receiver Off
You’ve now gone through the basic operation of
your new GPS receiver and probably know a little more
than you think about how it works. We encourage you
to experiment with the GPS12 until it becomes an
extension of your own navigation skills. If you
encounter any problems using the unit or want to take
advantage of the GPS 12’s more advanced features, turn
to the reference section.
Pressing the LEFT or
RIGHT arrows from the
Satellite Page will auto-
matically activate the
screen contrast bar.
To turn the GPS 12 off:
1. Press and hold the
key for 3 seconds.
B
11
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REFERENCE
Satellite Page
Horizontal
Accuracy
Status
Field
Satellite Page
Battery
Indicator
Skyview
Display
Signal Strength
Indicators
The GPS 12’s Satellite Page displays the status of
various receiver functions. The status information will
help you understand what the GPS 12 is doing at any
given time, and will tell you whether or not the receiver
has calculated a position fix.
The GPS 12 Satellite
Page will help you deter-
mine which satellites are
in view, and whether or
not any satellites are
being “shaded” or blocked
from receiving satellite
signals (see satellites 07
and 19 above).
Sky View and Signal Strength Bars
The sky view and signal strength bars give you an
indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver,
whether or not they are being used to calculate a posi-
tion fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view
shows a bird’s-eye-view of the position of each available
satellite relative to the unit’s last known position. The
outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner
circle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point is
directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help
determine if any satellites are being blocked, and
whether you have a current position fix (indicated by
‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ in the status field). You can also
set the sky view to a track up configuration by changing
the ‘orientation’ option on the Map Page. (See pg. 38 for
setup instructions.)
By periodically monitor-
ing the signal strength
bars at the bottom of the
page and the north up
sky view, you will be able
to see how moving to
another area with a
clearer view of the sky
will improve satellite
reception and speed up
signal acquisition.
When the receiver is looking for a particular satel-
lite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank
and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once the
receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength
bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been
found and the receiver is collecting data from it. The
satellite number in the sky view will no longer appear
highlighted. As soon as the GPS 12 has collected the
necessary data to calculate a fix, the status field will
indicate a 2D or 3D status.
12
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REFERENCE
Receiver Status
Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the
page, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimated
position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The
status will be shown as one of the following conditions:
Receiver Status
& EZinit
Searching— the GPS 12 is looking for any avail-
able satellites in view.
AutoLocate— the GPS 12is initializing and col-
lecting new almanac data. This process can take 5
minutes, depending on the satellites currently in
view.
Acquiring— the receiver is collecting data from
available satellites, but has not collected enough
data to calculate a 2D fix.
2D Nav (2D Navigation)— at least three satel-
lites with good geometry have been locked onto and
a 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude)
is being calculated. ‘2D Diff’ will appear when you
are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.
The signal strength bars at
the bottom of the page will
not appear until the GPS
12 has found the satellites
indicated at the bottom of
the screen.
3D Nav (3D Navigation)— at least four satellites
with good geometry have been locked onto, and
your position is now being calculated in latitude,
longitude and altitude. ‘3D Diff’ will appear when you
are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode.
Poor Cvg (Poor GPS Coverage)— the receiver
isn’t tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fix
due to bad satellite geometry.
Not Usable— the receiver is unusable, possibly
due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite
conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset,
and reinitialize the receiver if necessary.
Simulator— the receiver is in simulator mode.
EZinit Option Prompt
The Satellite Page also provides access to the EZinit
prompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated.
(The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring,
simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you to
reinitialize the unit (see Appendix A), and is useful if
you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off
and must initialize your new position. (The EZinit
prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs
to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during
normal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit is oper-
ated indoors.)
If you travel more than
500 miles with the receiv-
er off, reinitialize the unit
to your new position by
using the EZinit feature.
To access EZinit, press
ENTER from the Satellite
Page before any satellites
are acquired.
13
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REFERENCE
Battery Level Indicator
The Satellite Page also features a battery level indi-
cator, located to the left of the sky view, which displays
the strength of the unit’s batteries.
Battery Level,
Backlighting &
Emergency Erase
The battery level indicator is calibrated for alka -
line batteries. Voltage differences will display
Ni-Cad and lithium batteries differently . No
other receiver functions are affected.
!
#
The GPS 12 features an internal lithium battery that
will maintain the unit’s memory when the receiver is not
running off batteries or external power.
Backlighting Bulb Icon
The GPS 12 features full-screen backlighting.
Activate the backlight by pressing the
key briefly.
B
Note: A bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page
when backlighting is turned on.
When backlighting is on, a
bulb icon will appear on
the Satellite Page.
Emergency Erase Function
You may erase the GPS 12’s memory in four quick
steps. This will cause all stored data to be deleted,
including: routes, waypoints, and the track log.
Use the icon to determine
if backlighting is turned
on during daylight hours.
To erase all stored data:
1. Ensure that the GPS 12 is turned off.
2. While holding down the
key, hold down the
key to turn the unit on. AMwarning message will appear
B
with “Yes?” highlighted, and ask you to confirm your
selection.
3. If you do not wish to erase all stored data, press
and to cancel the emergency erase.
R
E
4. If you do wish to complete the emergency erase, press
to confirm.
E
Upon activating the
Emergency
Erase
Function, you will be
asked to confirm your
decision.
14
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REFERENCE
Position Page
The second page in the GPS 12’s primary page
sequence is the Position Page. This page shows you
where you are, what direction you’re heading, and how
fast you’re going, and it’s most useful when you are trav-
eling without an active destination waypoint. The graph-
ic heading display at the top of the page indicates the
direction you’re heading (track) while you’re moving.
Position Page
Directly below this display are the track, speed, and
trip odometer (default) fields. Track is the compass
direction representing your course over the ground, or
the direction you’re moving. The lower left-hand cor-
ner of the page shows your current latitude and longi-
tude in degrees and minutes. The GPS 12 uses this
basic information to mark exact positions as waypoints,
which help guide you from one place to another. The
lower right-hand corner of the page contains the alti-
tude field (default). Below that field is a 12- or 24-hour
clock.
The speed and track dis-
played on the Position
Page may fluctuate at
slow speeds (or when
you’re standing still)
because of position errors
caused by DOD-imposed
Selective Availability.
Both the trip odometer and the altitude fields are
user selectable, and both offer a trip odometer, trip
timer, and elapsed time. This way, you can always be
sure of viewing this information regardless of the
option you’ve selected for the other user-selectable
field.
The following user-selectable options are available
on the Position Page:
Trip Odometer (TRIP)— total distance
traveled since last reset.
Trip Timer (TTIME)— total (cumulative)
time in which a ground speed has been
maintained since last reset.
Elapsed Time (ELPSD)— total time in
hours and minutes since last reset.
Average Speed (AVSPD)— average speed
traveled since last reset.
The user selectable fields
on the Position Page give
you a variety of informa-
tion to choose from.
Maximum Speed (MXSPD)— maximum
speed traveled since last reset.
Altitude (ALT)— vertical distance above
mean sea level.
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REFERENCE
To reset timer, speed measurement, or odometer:
1. Highlight the user-selectable field, and press
.
E
Maximum Speed
& Altitude
Fields
‘Reset’ will appear as a selectable option (see left).
2. Press to confirm or to exit.
E
Q
The trip odometer, trip timer, and average speed
fields are linked. Resetting one of these options in a
user-selectable field will automatically reset the corre-
sponding data in the other. This ensures that informa-
tion shown in these fields reflects your current trip.
Maximum Speed Field
To obtain the most accurate reading of average
speed, keep in mind that due to the sensitivity of the
GPS 12’s antenna, your maximum speed value may
include the effects of rapid movement, such as swinging
your arm while holding the unit.
To reset the maximum speed field:
Resetting the trip odome-
ter will erase the previous
mileage and set the
odometer to zero. Average
speed, maximum speed
and timer readouts will
also be reset to zero.
1. Highlight the ‘MXSPD’ field, and press
.
E
2. Press
to confirm the ‘RESET?’ prompt.
E
Altitude Field
When the GPS 12 is acquiring satellites or navigat-
ing in the 2D mode, the last known altitude is used to
compute your position. You may also manually enter
your altitude for greater accuracy. In cases where the
GPS 12 has 2D coverage, entering your approximate
altitude will enable the receiver to determine a more
accurate position fix.
To enter an altitude:
1. Highlight the ‘ALT’ field, and press
.
E
2. Enter a value, and press
.
E
You may enter a known
altitude to assist the GPS
12 in establishing a more
accurate 2D position fix.
16
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REFERENCE
Marking a Position
The GPS 12 allows you to mark and store up to
500 positions as waypoints. A waypoint can be entered
by taking an instant electronic fix, by manually enter-
ing coordinates (pg. 20), or by using the bearing and
distance to a known position (pg. 20).
Position
Averaging
To mark your present position:
1. Press
. The mark position page will appear,
M
showing the captured position and a default three-
digit name.
2. To save a default name and symbol, press
confirm the ‘SAVE?’ prompt.
to
E
Position Averaging Function
The GPS 12 positioning averaging function will
help reduce the effects of selective availability upon
position error when marking a waypoint, providing
more accurate saved positions.
After initiating the posi-
tion averaging function, a
Figure of Merit (+/-) value
will be displayed, and the
‘SAVE?’ field will auto-
matically be highlighted.
1. After you have pressed the
‘AVERAGE?’ field and press
key, highlight the
E
M
. The Figure of
Merit (+/-) field will display a value reflecting estimat-
ed accuracy of the averaged position. Note: As the
GPS 12 calculates the FOM, it will rapidly change ini-
tially then begin to stabilize over time.
2. The unit will continue averaging until you have high-
lighted ‘SAVE?’ and pressed
.
E
To enter a different waypoint name:
1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press
.
E
2. Make the appropriate changes, and press
.
E
3. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and press
.
E
Note: To enter a different waypoint symbol or com-
ment, see pg. 21.
To add this waypoint to a route:
The GPS 12 will save new
waypoints with a default
three-digit name. To add
the waypoint to a route,
enter the desired route
number, highlight ‘SAVE?’
and press ENTER.
1. Highlight the ‘Add to route number’ field, and press
.
E
2. Enter a route number, press
to confirm the
E
route number, and
again to save the waypoint.
E
The waypoint will be added to the end of the selected
route—after any other waypoints already in the route.
17
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REFERENCE
Waypoint Pages
The GPS 12 has three waypoint pages that let you
quickly manage up to 500 waypoints. These pages—
nearest waypoints, waypoint list, and waypoint defini-
tion—can be accessed through the Main Menu Page.
Nearest
Waypoints &
Waypoint List
To select a waypoint page:
1. Access the Main Menu, and highlight a waypoint page
option: ‘Waypoint’, ‘Waypoint List’ or ‘Nearest Wpts’.
2. Press
.
E
Nearest Waypoints Page
The nearest waypoints page shows the nine nearest
waypoints that are within 100 miles of your present
position, with the bearing and distance noted for each
waypoint. This page will also let you retrieve a waypoint
definition page or GOTO a selected waypoint right from
the list.
To review the waypoint definition page of a select-
ed waypoint:
To select a waypoint sub-
menu, highlight the
desired option and press
ENTER.
1. Highlight the desired waypoint.
2. Press
.
E
To return to the nearest waypoint page:
1. Highlight ‘DONE?’.
2. Press
.
E
To go to a highlighted list waypoint:
1. Highlight the desired waypoint, and press
.
G
2. Press
.
E
Waypoint List Page
The waypoint list page provides a complete list of all
waypoints currently stored in the GPS 12 and their
respective waypoint symbols. The total number of
empty and used waypoint locations in memory is also
indicated. From the waypoint list page, you can retrieve
a waypoint definition page, delete all user-defined way-
points, delete waypoints by symbol, or review and per-
form a GOTO to a selected waypoint.
Nearest Waypoints
Page
The compass heading
(BRG) and distance
(DST) to the nine nearest
waypoints are updated
continuously.
To delete all user-defined waypoints:
1. Highlight ‘DELETE WPTS?’ and press
.
E
2. Highlight ‘DELETE ALL’ and press
.
E
3. Highlight the ‘YES’ prompt and press
.
E
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REFERENCE
Waypoint List Page (continued)
To delete waypoints by symbol:
Waypoint List &
Proximity
1. Follow step one from the previous page, under ‘delete
all user-defined waypoints’.
Waypoints
2. Select ‘DELETE BY SYMBOL’ and press
.
E
3. Select the symbol corresponding to the waypoints
you wish to delete. Press
.
E
4. Press
to confirm the ‘DONE’ prompt, highlight
E
the ‘YES?’ prompt, and press
.
E
Note: This feature is handy for deleting temporary
waypoints created by the TracBack function.
Proximity Waypoints
The GPS 12’s proximity waypoint function warns
you when you are getting too close to hazardous way-
points. This function allows you to create up to nine
proximity waypoints and designate an alarm circle for
each waypoint. If you enter this circle, a warning mes-
sage will alert you.
Deleting waypoints by
symbol enables you to
delete a specific group of
waypoints without losing
all other waypoints.
To enter a proximity waypoint from the Main
Main Menu Page:
1. Highlight ‘PROXIMITY WPTS’ and press
.
E
2. Using the arrow keys, highlight the first empty way-
point field and press
.
E
3. Use the
or
key to scroll through stored
waypoinUts until tDhe desired waypoint appears.
4. Press
. The distance (DST) field will be auto-
E
matically highlighted. Press
and use the arrow
keys to enter the desired disEtance to be prompted
5.Press the
key to confirm the entry.
E
To review or remove a proximity waypoint:
1. Use and to select a proximity waypoint and
U
. D
Quickly edit or delete
proximity waypoints by
highlighting the waypoint
press
E
2. Highlight ‘REVIEW?’ or ‘REMOVE?’ and press
.
E
name
ENTER.
and
pressing
If ‘REVIEW?’ is chosen, the waypoint page will
appear, and you may make any changes to the selected
waypoint. If ‘REMOVE?’ is chosen, the proximity way-
point will be removed from the list. Press
or
Q
to return to the Main Menu Page.
P
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REFERENCE
Waypoint Definition Page
Position
Coordinates
Waypoint
Name
Waypoint
Definition &
Reference
Reference
Waypoint
Waypoint Comment
(leave blank for
present position)
Waypoints
Distance from
Reference
Waypoint
Bearing from
Reference
Waypoint
Function Prompts
The waypoint definition page lets you create new way-
points manually or review and edit an existing waypoint’s
coordinates, symbols, and comments. It is also used to
delete an individual waypoint from memory (see pg. 22). To
create a new waypoint manually, you’ll need to know its
position coordinates or its approximate distance and bearing
from an existing waypoint.
The GPS 12’s advanced
waypoint planning fea-
tures allow you to create
new waypoints and prac-
tice navigation without
ever setting foot outside.
To create a waypoint by entering coordinates:
1. After highlighting ‘NEW?’ on the waypoint definition
page and pressing
, all fields will be blank.
Highlight the nameEfield and press
.
E
2. Enter a waypoint name using the center rocker pad and
press . (For data entry instructions see pg. 5).
If you create a new way-
point by entering coordi-
nates from a map, you
may want to re-mark the
waypoint’s exact position
once you get there.
E
3. To change the square default waypoint symbol, highlight
the symbol to the right of the waypoint name and press
.
E
4. Choose a symbol, and press
. Next highlight
E
To re-define an existing
waypoint’s position coor-
dinates from the waypoint
definition page, simply
highlight the DST field
and press ENTER. Use the
LEFT arrow key to set the
distance to 0.00, and press
ENTER to confirm.
‘DONE?’ , and press
.
E
5. Highlight the position field and press
. Now enter
E
E
the position using the arrow keys and press
when
done. NOTE: When you are done with the top line of
coordinates, press to get to the bottom line.
R
6. Highlight ‘DONE?’ and press
.
E
Reference Waypoints
To create a new waypoint manually without knowing its
position coordinates, you’ll need to enter its bearing and dis-
tance from an existing waypoint or your present position.
The old coordinates will be
replaced by the coordi-
nates of your present posi-
tion (you must have
a
To create a new waypoint by referencing a stored waypoint:
valid 2D or 3D position
fix and the reference way-
point name field must be
blank).
1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight ‘NEW?’, and
press
.
E
2. Enter a waypoint name, and press
.
E
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REFERENCE
Reference Waypoints (cont.)
3. Highlight the ‘REF’ field, and press
.
E
Waypoint
Symbols &
Comments
4. Enter a reference waypoint name (or leave the field
blank to use your present position), and press
.
E
5. Repeat the preceding two steps to enter the bearing
(‘BRG’ field) and distance (‘DST’ field) of your new way-
point from the reference waypoint.
6. Press
to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.
E
Waypoint Symbols
The GPS 12 allows you to select one of 16 symbols for
each waypoint for easy recognition on the map display.
From the symbol page, you may also select how the way-
point appears on the map.
To select a waypoint symbol:
1. Highlight the symbol field on the waypoint definition
page, and press
.
E
Waypoint symbols enable
you to instantly identify a
waypoint when it appears
on the map page.
2. Use the arrow keypad to select the desired symbol, and
press
.
E
3. The cursor will move to the display field, where you can
select which waypoint information is displayed on the
map.
4. Press
, and select one of the following display
E
options: ‘NAME WITH SYMBOL’, ‘SYMBOL ONLY,’ or
‘COMMENT WITH SYMBOL’.
5. Press
to confirm your selection, and
again
to conEfirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.
E
Waypoint Comments
Each waypoint stored in the GPS 12 has a user-defin-
able 16-character comment field. The default comment is
the UTC (or Greenwich Mean Time) date and time of the
waypoint’s creation.
To change or add a comment:
The waypoint comment
field will automatically
assign the date and time of
creation to the waypoint
comment field. You may
enter a 16-character user
comment at any time.
1. Highlight the comment field.
2. Press
.
E
Note: You can clear the comment field by press-
ing the left side of the rocker keypad.
3. Enter the desired comment, using the arrow keys.
4. Press
.
E
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REFERENCE
Renaming and Deleting Waypoints
The rename and delete function fields are located
along the bottom left side of the waypoint definition
page.
Rename, Delete
& Scan
To rename a stored waypoint:
Waypoints
1. Highlight ‘RENAME?’, and press
.
E
2. Enter the new waypoint name, and press
.
E
3. Press
to confirm the ‘Yes?’ prompt.
E
To delete a stored waypoint:
1. Highlight ‘DELETE?’, and press
.
E
2. Highlight the ‘Yes?’ prompt, and press
.
E
Scanning Waypoints
As you manually enter a waypoint’s name, the GPS
12’s waypoint scanning feature will automatically dis-
play the first numerical or alphabetical match of the
character you have entered to that point. This helps
eliminate the need to always enter a waypoint’s com-
plete name.
You may wish to quickly
save waypoints by press-
ing MARK and then
ENTER, thus assigning a
default name. You may
then rename the waypoint
at a later date. Any way-
point may be renamed at
any time.
To scan waypoints from a waypoint field:
1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press
.
E
2. Press the left side of the keypad to clear the name
field.
3. Scroll through the waypoints.
Note: The GPS 12’s waypoint scanning feature will
offer the first waypoint that matches the character or
characters you have entered up to that point. If you
have more than one waypoint that begins with the same
letter or number, move to the next character position as
needed.
4. When you find the desired waypoint, press
.
E
Scanning waypoints from
the waypoint definition
page gives you instant
access to a specific way-
point’s information.
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REFERENCE
Selecting a GOTO Destination
The GPS 12 provides four ways to navigate to a
destination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack, and route naviga-
tion. The most basic method of selecting a destination
is the GOTO function, which lets you choose any
stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets a
direct course from your present position.
GOTO & MOB
Functions
To activate the GOTO function:
1. Press
.
G
2. Select the waypoint you want to navigate to, and
press
.
E
Once a GOTO waypoint has been activated, the
Compass Page or Highway Page will provide steering
guidance to the destination until either the GOTO is
cancelled or the unit has resumed navigating the active
route (see pg 30).
To cancel an active GOTO:
1. Press the
key.
G
Select a destination way-
point from the GOTO
waypoint list.
2. Highlight ‘CANCELGOTO?’, and press
.
E
Man Overboard Function
The GPS 12’s man overboard function (MOB) lets
you simultaneously mark and set a course to a position
for quick response to passing positions.
To activate the MOB mode:
1. Press
twice. The GOTO waypoint page will
G
appear with ‘MOB’ selected.
2 Press
to begin MOB navigation.
E
The GPS 12 will now guide you to the MOB way-
point until the MOB GOTOis cancelled. If you want to
save the MOB waypoint, be sure to rename it because it
will be overwritten the next time a MOB is activated.
Once the MOB mode has
been activated, steering
guidance will be provided
by the Compass or
Highway Page. Activating
another MOB will over-
write the previous MOB
waypoint.
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REFERENCE
TracBack Navigation
GARMIN’s patented TracBack feature allows you to
quickly retrace your path using the track log automati-
cally stored in the receiver. This feature eliminates the
need to mark waypoints along the way and manually
create and activate a route back to where you began
your trip. Three track recording options are available:
TracBack
Off—no plot will be recorded.
Fill—a track log will be recorded until track mem-
ory is full.
Wrap—a track log will be continuously recorded,
wrapping through the available memory (replacing
the oldest data with new data).
To select a track log option:
1. Highlight ‘OPT’ field on the map page and press
.
E
2. Highlight ‘TRACK SETUP’ and press
.
E
3. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field, press
, select an
E
option, and press
.
E
WARNING:
Once a TracBack route is activated, it will lead you
back to the oldest track log point stored in memory, so
it’s usually a good idea to clear the existing track log at
the start of each trip.
Setting the track recording
to OFFwill also disable
the TracBack function.
To clear the track log and define a starting point
for a TracBack route:
1. From the Map Page, press
, highlight the ‘TRACK
E
.
SETUP’ option, and press
E
2. Highlight ‘CLEARLOG?’, press
, highlight ‘Yes?’,
E
and press
.
E
To activate a TracBack route:
1. Press , highlight ‘TRACBACK?’, and press
.
E
G
Once the TracBack function has been activated, the
GPS 12 will take the track log currently stored in mem-
ory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to 30
temporary waypoints will be created to mark the most
significant features of the track log in order to duplicate
your exact path as closely as possible. These points will
be indicated by ‘T###’ (e.g., ‘T001’) on the waypoint
list, and by a ‘T’ symbol on the Map Page.
Highlight ‘TRACBACK?’
and press ENTER to begin
TracBack navigation.
A
message box will appear
while the GPS 12 ana-
lyzes the data and creates
the TracBack route.
The active route page will appear, showing a route
from your present position to the oldest track log point
in memory. Steering guidance to each waypoint will be
provided back to the starting point of your track log. Note:
You may delete a TracBack waypoint from a route, but
only if the route is not active.
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REFERENCE
Tips On the TracBack Feature
• Always clear your track log at the exact point that
you want to go back to (trail head, truck, etc.).
TracBack
• The ‘RECORD’ option on the track log setup page
must be set to ‘WRAP’ or ‘FILL’.
• There must be at least two track log points stored
in memory to create a TracBack route.
• If there is not enough available memory to add
more waypoints and create a TracBack route, you
will be alerted with a ‘waypoint memory full’
message, and the receiver will use any available
waypoints to create a TracBack route with an
emphasis on the track log closest to the destina-
tion (the oldest track log point in memory).
• If the ‘METHOD’ option on the track log setup
page is set to a time interval, the TracBack route
may not follow your exact path. (Keeping the cri-
teria set to automatic will always provide the
most detailed TracBack route.)
The TracBack feature will
navigate your track log
back to the oldest point in
the receiver’s memory.
• If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellite
coverage during your trip, the TracBack route will
simply draw a straight line between any point
where coverage was lost and where it resumed.
• If the changes in direction and distance of your
track log are complex, 30 waypoints may not be
enough to accurately mark your exact path. The
receiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to the
most significant points of your track, and simplify
segments with fewer changes in direction.
• To save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an open
storage route before activating another TracBack.
Activating another TracBack or storage route will
overwrite the existing TracBack route.
• Whenever a TracBack route is activated, the
receiver will automatically erase any temporary
waypoints (‘T###’) that are not contained in
routes 1-19. If there are temporary waypoints
stored in routes 1-19, the receiver will create any
new temporary waypoints using the first three-
digit number available. (You can also quickly
delete all temporary TracBack waypoints in mem-
ory by using the ‘DELETE BY SYMBOL’ method
described on pg. 19.)
The track log will be
divided into segments with
temporary waypoints to
create a route back to the
beginning of the track log.
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REFERENCE
Route Navigation
The last form of navigating to a destination with the
GPS 12 is by creating a user-defined route. The route
navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course
from one place to another using a set of pre-defined
waypoints. Routes are often used when it’s not practical,
safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particu-
lar destination (e.g., through a body of water or impass-
able terrain).
Routes
ä
Waypoint 2
(“active to” waypoint)
“Active Leg”
ä
ä
ä
Waypoint 1
(“active from” waypoint)
Routes are broken down and navigated in smaller
segments called “legs”. The waypoint you are going to
in a leg is called the “active to” waypoint and the way-
point immediately behind you is called the “active from”
waypoint. The line between the “active to” and the
“active from” waypoint is called the “active leg”.
Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 12, it
will automatically select the route leg closest to your
position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in
the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and
select the next waypoint as the “active to” waypoint.
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REFERENCE
Route Definition Page
Route
Number
Comment
Field
Route Definition
Page
Leg Distance
Desired
Track of Leg
Total
Route
Copy Field
Distance
Function Prompts
The last form of navigating to a destination with
the GPS 12 is by creating a user-defined route. The
GPS 12 lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30
waypoints each.
Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and acti-
vated through the route definition page.
Routes enable you to store
groups of frequently used
waypoints together and
use this information for
navigation guidance.
To select the route definition page:
1. Highlight ‘ROUTES’ from the Main Menu Page, and
press
.
E
The ‘route number’ field is displayed at the top of
the page, with a 16-character ‘user comment’ field
directly below. If no user comment is entered, the field
displays the first and last waypoint in the route.
To edit the route comment:
1. Highlight the comment field and press
.
E
2. Use the arrow keys to enter a new comment and press
.
E
The waypoint list along the left side of the page
accepts up to 30 waypoints for each route, with fields
for desired track and distance between legs. The total
route distance is indicated below the waypoint list.
Enter each waypoint in
the order you would like to
navigate them. If you
The bottom of the route definition page features
several ‘function’ fields which let you copy, clear, invert,
or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used as
storage routes, with route 0 always serving as the active
route you are navigating. If you want to save a route
that’s currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to another
open route, as it will be overwritten by the next route
activation.
enter
a
waypoint not
stored in memory, you’ll
need to define the position
on the waypoint definition
page.
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REFERENCE
Creating and Navigating Routes
To create a route from the route definition page:
1. Highlight the route number field, and press
.
E
Using Routes
2. Enter a route number, and press
. (Select an
E
empty route—without any waypoints listed—when
creating a new route.)
3. Enter the first waypoint of your route, and press
. As you continue entering the rest of your way-
E
points, the list will automatically scroll down.
4. To change the route comment (automatically assigned
to the route based upon the starting and final destina-
tion waypoints), highlight the route comment field and
press
. Enter the new comment and press
.
E
E
Whenever you activate a route, it will automatically
select the route leg closest to your position as the active
leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver
will automatically sequence and select the next way-
point as the ‘active to’ waypoint.
You may use up to 16
characters to custom
name a route. The default
name will be the first and
last waypoint in the route.
Activating and Inverting Routes
After a route has been entered, it can be either acti-
vated in sequence or inverted from the route definition
page. The process of activating or inverting a stored
route takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies it
into the active route (route 0) for navigation. The stor-
age route is no longer needed and will be retained in its
original format under its existing route number.
This system allows you to have an active route that
you may edit during navigation and save as an entirely
new route from the original. You will have to copy the
active route to an unused storage route to save it, since
new route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0.
To activate a route:
1. From the route definition page, highlight the route
number field and press
.
E
To activate a route, high-
light the ‘ACT?’ prompt
and press ENTER.
2. Enter the route number to be activated, and press
.
E
3. Highlight ‘ACT?’, and press
.
E
To activate a route in inverted order:
1. Follow the steps above, but select ‘INV?’, and press
.
E
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REFERENCE
Active Route Page
Once a route has been activated, the active route
page will display the waypoint sequence of your route
with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present
speed and the distance to each waypoint. As long as
you are navigating an active route, the active route page
will become part of the main page sequence of the unit.
The active route page will also allow you to change the
‘ETE’ field to display desired track (DTK) or estimated
time of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear or
invert the active route.
Active Route,
Copying, &
Clearing
To display DTK or ETA for each leg:
1. Highlight ‘ETE’, and press
.
E
2. Select ‘DTK’ or ‘ETA’, and press
.
E
The active route page also allows you to clear (stop
navigating) or invert the active route without using the
route definition page.
To invert a route from the active route page:
Active Route Page
1. Highlight ‘INV?’, and press
.
E
Whenever you have an
active route, the active
route page will appear in
To stop route navigation:
2. Highlight ‘CLR?’, and press
.
E
To reactivate the route navigation:
3. Highlight ‘ACT?’, and press
the
sequence
primary
after
page
the
.
E
Compass/Highway Page.
Copying and Clearing Routes
The route definition page is also used to copy a
route to another route number. This feature is useful
when you make changes to the active route (or create a
TracBack route) and want to save the route in its modi-
fied form for future use.
To copy a route:
1. Highlight the route number field, and press
.
E
2. Select the route number to be copied, and press
.
E
3. Highlight the ‘COPY TO’ field, and press
.
E
To copy a route, select an
open storage route in the
‘Copy To’ field and press
ENTER. Only empty stor-
age route numbers will be
offered in the ‘Copy To’
field.
4. Scroll through the available routes and select a desti-
nation route number. (Only open routes will be avail-
E
To clear a route from memory:
able.) Press
to copy the route.
1. Highlight the route number field, and press
2. Select the desired route number, and press
.
E
.
E
3. Select ‘CLR?’, and press
.
E
29
4. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and press
.
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REFERENCE
Editing Routes
A route can be edited any time after its creation.
Editing Routes
& On-Route
GOTO’s
To edit a route from the active route page or
the route definition page:
1. Select the waypoint you want to edit, and press
.
E
An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear,
with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting, or
changing the waypoint field highlighted. This field con-
tains the following options:
• Review?— displays the waypoint definition page
for the selected waypoint
• Insert?— adds a new waypoint directly in front
of the selected waypoint
• Remove?— deletes the selected waypoint from
the route
• Change?— allows you to replace the selected
waypoint with a new waypoint
Use the on-screen menu to
select the desired editing
function. The on-screen
menu is displayed by
Note: Editing the original storage route will not
affect route 0. If you want to save an edited version of
route 0, save it to an open storage route.
highlighting
waypoint and pressing
ENTER..
a
route
On-Route GOTOs
At the beginning of this section, we mentioned that
the GPS 12 will automatically select the route leg closest
to your position as the active leg. This will give you
steering guidance to the desired track (desired course) of
the active leg. Note that the first waypoint selected as the
destination waypoint will be along the route leg closest
to your present position. This may mean you’re not navi-
gating to the first waypoint in the active route—you may
even be navigating to the last. You can manually navigate
a route out of sequence at any time (bypassing one or
more interim waypoints) by perform an “on-route
GOTO” from the active route page.
To perform an “on-route GOTO” from the active
route page:
You can ‘skip ahead’ and
bypass one or more legs of
the route by highlighting a
waypoint further along
the route, pressing GOTO
and ENTER.
1. Highlight the desired route waypoint, and press
.
G
2. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears with the way-
point highlighted, press
.
E
Note that after you reach the on-route GOTO way-
point, the GPS 12 will automatically resume navigating
the rest of the route in sequence.
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REFERENCE
Selecting a Navigation Page
Once you’ve selected a GOTO destination or acti-
vated a TracBack, MOB, or route; the GPS 12 will pro-
vide graphic steering guidance to the destination with
one of two navigation pages:
Navigation
Pages
Compass Page
Highway Page
To switch the navigation
page to the Compass
Page, press ENTER twice.
• The Compass Page (default) provides a direc-
tional pointer indicating the bearing to your desti-
nation and a rotating compass ring which shows
your direction of travel (track) at the top of the
ring. The Compass Page provides better guidance
for car travel, hiking, or biking; where straight-
line navigation is often not possible.
• The Highway Page provides a graphic highway
display that shows your movement relative to the
desired course, with an emphasis on your cross
track error ( the distance and direction you are off
course). The cross track error (XTK) is depicted
on a course deviation indicator (CDI) (see pg. 34).
The Highway Page is well-suited for boating or
some types of off-road recreation where straight
line navigation is typically possible and maintain-
ing a specified course is desirable.
To switch the navigation
page to the Highway Page,
press ENTER twice.
Both pages provide a digital display of the bearing
and distance to the destination, and your current speed
and track over the ground. You can switch to either
Navigation Page at any time.
To select either Navigation Page:
1. Press
E
from the existing Navigation Page, and
E
again to change the page.
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REFERENCE
Selecting a Navigation Page (cont.)
Navigation
Pages
Distance to
Waypoint
Graphic
Compass
Ring
Track Over
Ground
User-Selectable
Field
The ‘ETE’ field, located at bottom center on both
pages, is a user-selectable field that allows you to dis-
play a variety of navigation values for your trip.
To access the user-selectable field:
1. Highlight ‘ETE’, and press
.
E
The user selectable field
allows you to customize
the navigation pages,
selecting the desired data
readout.
2. Use the keypad to scroll through the possible options.
The following data options are available for the
Navigation Pages:
Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)— the estimated
time remaining to reach your destination based on
your present speed and track.
Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)— the estimat-
ed time of day at which you will arrive at your desti-
nation based on current ground speed and track.
Course to Steer (CTS)— the recommended
course to follow in order to reduce cross track error
and stay on course. Provides the most efficient
heading to get back on course and proceed along
your route or GOTO.
Crosstrack Error (XTK)— the distance you are
off the desired course in either direction, left or
right. This field will give you a digital readout of the
data depicted by the CDI.
The turn option shows the
number of degrees you
need to turn (left or right)
to head directly to your
destination.
Velocity Made Good (VMG)— the speed you
are closing in on a destination along the desired
course. Also referred to as the ‘vector velocity’ to
your destination.
Turn (TRN)— the angle difference between the
bearing to your destination and your current track.
‘L’ indicates you should turn left, ‘R’ indicates you
should turn right.
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REFERENCE
Using the Compass Page
Destination
Waypoint
Compass Page
Bearing to
Waypoint
Pointer to
Waypoint
Speed Over
Ground
The Compass Page provides better steering guid-
ance than the Highway Page for travel at slower speeds
(e.g., walking), travel with many directional changes
and when it’s not necessary to follow an exact course.
In this example, the
Compass Page indicates
that you are traveling
west (261 degrees) and
the destination waypoint
is to the northwest (291
degrees). Turn right 30
degrees and continue on.
The bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the way-
point are displayed at the top of the page, below the
destination waypoint name. The distance displayed is
the straight-line distance from your present position to
the destination waypoint. The bearing indicates the
exact compass heading from you to the destination.
The middle of the page features a rotating “compass
ring” that shows your course over ground while you
are moving (track indicated at the top of the ring), with
a pointer arrow to the destination displayed in the cen-
ter. The arrow shows the direction of your destination
from the direction you are moving. For instance, if the
arrow points up, you are going directly to the way-
point. If the arrow points any direction (left, right,
down, etc.), turn toward the arrow until it points up.
Then continue in that direction.
The bottom of the page shows your track (TRK),
speed (SPD), and a user-selectable field for ETE, ETA,
CTS, XTK, VMG, or TRN.
In this example, the
Compass Page indicates
that you are traveling
north (350 degrees) and
the destination waypoint
is to the northwest (291
degrees). Turn left 59
degrees and continue on
to reach your destination.
When you are one minute away from your destina-
tion (based on your current speed and track over
ground), the GPS 12 will alert you with a flashing on-
screen message box.
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REFERENCE
Using the Highway Page
Bearing to
Waypoint
Distance to
Waypoint
Highway Page
Track
Speed Over
Ground
Destination
Waypoint
CDI Scale
Graphic
Highway
Display
User Selectable
Field
The GPS 12’s Highway Page provides graphic steer-
ing guidance to a destination waypoint, with a greater
emphasis on the straight-line desired course and the
distance and direction you are off course. The bearing
and distance to a waypoint—along with your current
track and speed—are displayed at the top of the screen.
In this example, the
Highway Page indicates
that you are off course to
the left. Steer right to get
back on course. Notice the
highway always shows the
direction to turn. If the
highway leads straight up
the page, you should con-
tinue in your current
direction.
As you head toward your destination, the middle of
the screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint
on a moving graphic “highway.” Your present position is
represented by the diamond in the center of a course
deviation indicator (CDI) scale. The line down the mid-
dle of the highway represents your desired track. As you
navigate toward a waypoint, the highway will actually
move—indicating the direction you’re off course—rela-
tive to the position diamond on the CDI scale. When
the highway is pointing straight up the screen, the way-
point is directly ahead. If the destination waypoint is to
the left, the top of the highway will lead to the left, and
vice versa. To stay on course, simply steer in the direc-
tion the highway leads (left or right) until the highway
leads straight up the page.
If you do get off the desired course by more than
1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance you
are off course will be displayed where the CDI scale set-
ting normally appears. If you get too far off course (the
highway has disappeared off either side of the highway
display), a message box will appear to indicate what
course to steer to get back on course. (For information
on how to set this scale, see pg. 45.) As you approach a
waypoint, a horizontal “finish line” will move toward
the bottom of the highway. When the finish line reaches
the CDI scale, you’ve arrived at your destination.
If you get too far off
course, a message box will
appear to indicate the
most efficient heading to
get you back on course.
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REFERENCE
Map Page
Pan & Option
Fields
Zoom Scale
Map Page
Distance to
Waypoint
Bearing to
Waypoint
Present
Position
Track
Speed
The Map Page shows your position and surround-
ings, and provides you with a target cursor that lets
you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the dis-
tance and bearing to a map position, and mark new
waypoints while you navigate. The Map Page is broken
down into two sections: control fields and map section.
Note: The map scale rep-
resents the distance from
the top to the bottom of
the Map Page. For exam-
ple, when viewing the 20
mile scale, the distance
represented between the
top of the screen and bot-
tom is 20 miles.
The zoom function, panning control, and configu-
ration fields are located at the top of the screen. The
zoom function uses 18 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2
to 500 miles, or 0.3 to 800 km. (Using the zoom, pan-
ning, and configure fields will be addressed in the next
section.)
The map portion of the page displays your present
position as a diamond icon, with your track and/or
route displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are
represented using symbols, with the waypoint name
also listed. You may select which of these features are
shown through the map options pages (see pgs. 37-39
for more information).
The four corners of the Map Page are used to dis-
play various navigation data: the bearing and distance
to a destination waypoint and your current track and
speed over the ground. The two fields at the top cor-
ners of the map show your bearing and distance to one
of three selectable destinations: an active destination
waypoint, a highlighted on-screen waypoint, or the
panning target crosshair. If you are not navigating to a
waypoint or using the panning function, the top data
fields will not be displayed. Your current track and
speed are shown at the bottom corners of the display.
The four corners of the
Map Page are used to
show your track and
speed, along with distance
and bearing to either a
cursor or to a destination
waypoint.
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REFERENCE
Zooming, Panning, and Map Options
There are three main functions you can perform
from the Map Page— zooming, pointing & panning,
and options (changing the map/track setup and finding
cities). Each of these functions has its own “field”,
which may be selected and activated for use. Whenever
the Map Page first appears, the zoom field (at the top
left) is always highlighted. The map has 18 map scales
which are selected through the zoom function field.
Zooming,
Panning, &
Map Options
To select a zoom scale:
1. Highlight the zoom field, if not already highlighted.
2. Press the
key to begin map scale selection.
E
3. Select a map scale and press
.
E
The second function field on the Map Page is the
pan field, located at the top middle of the screen. The
pan function allows you to move the map with the four
arrow keys to view areas outside the current map area.
A crosshair will appear
when you activate the pan
function. The distance and
direction of the crosshair
from your current position
is shown in the upper cor-
ners of the Map Page.
To activate the pan function:
1. Highlight the pan field.
2. Press the
key to activate the pan function.
E
3. Use the arrow keys to move the map in any direction.
4. To cancel the pan function, press
.
Q
As you begin to move the map, a crosshair (plus
sign) will appear. This crosshair will now serve as a tar-
get marker for the moving map. The distance and bear-
ing to your destination will now be replaced by the dis-
tance and bearing from your present position to the tar-
get crosshair.
When you pan around the map, you’ll notice the
target crosshair will “snap to” on-screen waypoints and
highlight the waypoint name. Once a waypoint name is
highlighted, you can either review its waypoint defini-
tion page and waypoint display options, or execute a
GOTO function and navigate directly to the waypoint.
On-Screen Pointing
The crosshair will “snap
to” displayed waypoints,
which allows you to quick-
ly review or go to the
selected waypoint right
from the Map Page.
To review the waypoint definition page for a high-
lighted waypoint:
1. Press
while the waypoint is highlighted by the
E
crosshair.
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REFERENCE
Zooming, Panning, and Map Options (cont.)
From the waypoint definition page, you can also
define how each individual waypoint is displayed on
the map. The GPS 12 displays waypoints as a name
with a corresponding symbol (e.g., “fuel” and a gas
pump symbol), a symbol only (e.g., a fish symbol), or a
16-character comment and corresponding symbol (e.g.,
“great view” and the camp site symbol). The waypoint
name has a six character limit while the “comment”
field has a 16-character limit, and there are 16 different
waypoint symbols available.
Waypoint
Display &
Marking Cursor
To select a waypoint display option:
1. Display the waypoint definition page for the desired
waypoint (by selecting a waypoint from the Map Page
or from a waypoint list).
2. Highlight the “symbol” field (to the right of the name
field), and press
display the Symbol Options.
E
3. Move the cursor to the ‘DISPLAY’ field, and press
You can custom tailor the
Map Page to display way-
points by any of three
options: Symbol Only,
Name With Symbol or
Comment With Symbol.
.
E
4. Select a display option, and press
to select one
of the following display options: ‘NEAME WITH SYM-
BOL,’ ‘SYMBOL ONLY,’ or ‘COMMENT WITH SYMBOL.’
5. Press
6. Press
to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.
E
again (on the waypoint definition page)
to retuErn to the Map Page.
The last function you can perform with a waypoint
highlighted on the Map Page is a GOTO directly to the
waypoint.
To go to a waypoint highlighted on the Map Page:
1. Press
while the waypoint is highlight by the
G
E
crosshair.
2. Press
to confirm the GOTOwaypoint page.
Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to Waypoints
During panning, the crosshair represents a target
position right on the Map Page, with the range and
bearing to the target displayed at the top corners of the
screen. You can also use the target crosshair to mark a
new waypoint position or as a GOTO destination right
from the map field.
Marking a Cursor
Position
To mark a new waypoint
with the crosshair, simply
pan to the desired position
and press the MARK key.
To mark the target crosshair as a new waypoint:
1. Pan to the desired position on the map and press
.
M
2. Enter a name and/or route number, and press
.
E
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REFERENCE
Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to (cont.)
You can also use the target crosshair as an instant
GOTO destination. This feature is similar to the MOB
mode, and will allow you to mark and instantly set a
course for a new waypoint called ‘MAP’.
Using the
Cursor & Map
Options
To go to the target crosshair:
1. Place the target crosshair on the desired location.
2. Press
, and press
.
E
G
Note: To save the MAP waypoint, be sure to rename
it because it will be overwritten the next time a GOTO
is performed using the target crosshair.
Accessing Map Option Windows
You can access two additional pages—map setup
and track setup—by highlighting the ‘OPT’ field at the
top right of the Map Page, and pressing
options window will appear, ready for you to select one.
. The map
E
To select a map option:
The ‘OPT’ field gives
access to the map setup,
and track setup pages,
right from the Map Page.
1. Highlight the ‘OPT’ field and press
.
E
2. Select the desired option and press
.
E
Map Setup Page and Orientation
The map setup page lets you select the Map Page
and satellite sky view (see pg. 12) orientation, as well as
specify what items are displayed. The Map and Satellite
Pages may be oriented to ‘NORTH UP,’ ‘TRACK UP’ (the
direction of current travel), or ‘DTK UP’ (desired track
up, or the direction of the desired course). The default
setting is ‘TRACKUP’.
To change the map orientation:
1. Highlight the ‘map’ field and press
.
E
2. Select the desired orientation and press
.
E
Note: Selecting the ‘DTK UP’ option will set the
satellite sky view to ‘track up’ orientation.
The Map Page’s default
screen orientation is ‘track
up’. ‘Track Up’ means that
the top of the map display
corresponds to your cur-
rent direction of travel.
With this setting, the map
rotates as your track
changes. It can also be set
for north up or desired
track (dtk) up orientation.
The rest of the map setup page lets you specify what
items are displayed or plotted on the Map Page by
selecting ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ in the appropriate field.
• ’Rings’— displays three range rings on the map at
increments of 1/5th the selected map scale.
• ’Route’— plots the straight-leg lines between way-
points of an active route and displays all
route waypoint names.
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Map Setup Page and Orientation (cont.)
• ’Nearest’— shows up to nine nearest waypoints (from
your present position) on the map.
Map & Track
Setup
• ’Names’— displays the waypoint name for up to nine
nearest waypoints.
• ’Track Log’— displays and plots track log points on the
map.
To turn a map item on or off:
1. Highlight the data field next to the desired option and
press
.
E
2. Select ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ and press
.
E
Track Setup Page
Option Field
Selected
Record
Field
Track Setup
Page
Method
Field
Use the track setup page
to control the way the GPS
12 manages track log
data.
Clear Log Option
The track setup page lets you manage the GPS 12’s
track log data (see pg 24). You can also select whether to
record a track log and define how it is recorded.
To turn the track log on or off:
1. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field, and press
.
E
2. Select ‘OFF’, ‘FILL’, or ‘WRAP’, and press
.
(Note: Turning the track recording off willEprevent you
from using TracBack).
Entering
a
large time
Track Method
interval into the track
recording criteria may
plot your position points
further apart than they
would be in the ‘AUTO’
setting. This will increase
the distance you can trav-
el without using up your
track log, but will greatly
reduce the effectiveness of
TracBack.
The track ‘method’ option determines how often
positions are stored in the track log. The default setting
is ‘auto’, which records track points based upon a set
variance from your projected course over ground.. This
setting gives the most efficient use of track memory
and provides the best TracBack performance.
To change the method to record points based on
a specific time interval:
1. Highlight the ‘METHOD’ field, and press
.
E
2. Select ‘TIME INTERVAL’, and press
twice.
E
3. Enter hours, minutes, and seconds, and press
.
E
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REFERENCE
Track Log Display
The track log option sets the number of points the
unit will attempt to display on the Map Page. The
default setting of 250 points provides good resolution
with minimal screen clutter. The maximum setting is
1024 points. Once you’ve reached the maximum num-
ber of track points, the older points will be lost as new
points are added. Note that adjusting the track points
displayed will not affect how the receiver records track
log data or the ability to create a TracBack route.
Track Setup &
Main Menu
Managing and Clearing the Track Log
The rest of the track setup window displays the per-
centage of available memory currently used to store
track log data, as well as a function field to clear the
track log memory.
To clear the track log:
1. Highlight ‘CLEAR LOG?’, and press
.
E
2. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and press
.
E
Clear the track log any
time your screen gets clut-
tered or to make more
room to store points for
use with the TracBack fea-
ture.
Note: It’s a good idea to clear the track log at the
beginning of the trail, etc., in order to make the best use
of the TracBack feature (see pg. 24).
Main Menu Page
The GPS 12’s Main Menu Page (shown on pgs. 18
and 41) provides access to additional pages (submenus)
that are used to customize operation and select naviga-
tion/planning features. These eight pages are divided
into categories by function. We’ve already gone over the
waypoint and route management pages in their respec-
tive sections. Let’s review the rest of these pages in the
order they appear on the Main Menu Page.
To select a submenu page from the Main Menu:
1. Highlight the submenu option, and press
2. To return to the Main Menu Page, press
.
E
.
Q
Your GPS 12’s Main Menu
Page gives you access to
the GPS 12’s waypoint
management, route, track
log, and setup features
through a list of submenus.
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Distance and Sun Calculations
The distance and sun calculation page will give you
the distance and bearing between any two waypoints or
between your present position and a waypoint. It will
also calculate the sunrise and sunset (in local time) for a
particular date at either your present position or any
stored waypoint.
Dist/Sun Calc,
Messages &
Setup Menu
To perform a distance and sun calculation:
1. Highlight the ‘FROM’ field, press
, enter the
E
desired waypoint, and press
again.
E
2. Highlight the ‘TO’ field, press
, enter the destina-
E
tion waypoint, and press
again.
E
3. Highlight the ‘DATE’ field. press
and enter the
date you’ll arrive at your destinaEtion. Press
again.
E
If you haven’t marked your present position as a
waypoint, just leave the ‘TO’ field blank to show the
sunrise and sunset at your present position.
Messages
The GPS12 will calculate
the sunrise and sunset
times of any stored way-
point or your present posi-
tion. To calculate, enter
the date and year, then
press ENTER.
The messages page displays any current message
alerts. There are two types of messages: temporary alerts
(e.g., approaching a waypoint) and condition alerts
(e.g., battery power low). All messages are initially indi-
cated by a flashing on-screen indicator. Temporary alerts
are then cleared, while condition alerts can be viewed
again from the messages page.
Setup Menu
The setup menu displays an additional list of four
menu options used exclusively for configuring the GPS
12 to your preferences. Menu selections for ‘system’
setup, ‘navigation’ setup, ‘alarms’ settings and ’interface’
setup are available.
Select the ‘Setup Menu’
option from the Main
Menu to access configura-
tion options for your
GPS 12 .
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REFERENCE
System Setup: Mode
The system setup page is used to select the operat-
ing mode, time offset, and screen preferences. The GPS
12 has two operating modes:
System Setup
•
Normal Mode operates the unit at maximum
performance, and provides battery life of up to 24
hours on alkaline batteries.
•
Simulator Mode allows you to operate the unit
without acquiring satellites, and is ideal for prac-
ticing, or entering waypoints and routes while at
home.
To select an operating mode:
1. Highlight the ‘MODE’ field, and press
.
E
2. Select a mode and press
.
E
System Setup: Offset
The date and time offset is located directly below
the mode field. Note: Date and time information is
derived from the GPS satellites and cannot be changed
by the user. Because the time shown is UTC (Greenwich
Mean Time) time, you will need to enter a time offset to
display the correct local time for your area. To deter-
mine the time offset for your area, note your position
and refer to the chart in Appendix C.
The GPS 12’s two operat-
ing modes are accessed
through the system setup
submenu.
To enter the time offset:
1. Highlight the ‘OFFSET’ field, and press
.
E
2. Enter the time offset, and press
. Note: Move the
E
cursor to the left to change the plus or minus sign.
System Setup: Hours (Time Format)
The time display shown on the system setup and
Position Pages may be set to display the time in a 12- or
24-hour format.
To select the time format:
1. Highlight the ‘HOURS’ field, and press
.
E
To display the correct
local time, you must enter
the appropriate offset. See
the chart at the end of
Appendix C.
2. Select 12- or 24-hour display, and press
.
E
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REFERENCE
System Setup: Screen Contrast
The GPS 12 has adjustable screen contrast con-
trolled by an on-screen bar scale. Use this option to
adjust the screen contrast.
System Setup
To set the screen contrast:
1. Highlight the ‘CONTRAST’ field, and press
.
E
2. Adjust the bar scale to the desired contrast, and
press
.
E
Note: The screen contrast can also be adjusted by
pressing the rocker keypad while on the Satellite Page
(see pg. 11).
System Setup: Backlighting Timeout
The screen backlight timeout is adjustable for 15,
30, 60, 120, or 240 seconds. The timeout may be can-
celled by setting it to ‘Stay On’ continuously. Whenever
backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear on the
Satellite Page.
To adjust the screen con-
To set the backlight timeout:
trast,
highlight
the
1. Highlight the ‘LIGHT’ field, and press
.
E
‘CONTRAST’ field., press
‘ENTER’, and simply
adjust the screen contrast
with the rocker keypad.
2. Select desired time, and press
.
E
3. To turn lighting on and off, press
briefly.
B
The “Stay On” setting will
keep your backlighting on
continuously. However, if
you use backlighting fre-
quently, this setting will
significantly reduce your
battery life.
43
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REFERENCE
Navigation Setup Page
The navigation setup page is used to select the
desired position format, map datum, CDI scale, units of
measure for speed and distance, and a heading reference.
Navigation
Setup
Navigation Setup: Position Formats
The default position format for the GPS 12 is lati-
tude and longitude in degrees and minutes (hdddº
mm.mmm’). You may also select degrees, minutes and
seconds (hdddºmm’ss.s’’); degrees only (hddd.dddddº);
UTM/UPS; MGRS; Maidenhead; User-defined Grid; or
regional British, German, Irish, Indonesian, Indian,
Swedish, Swiss, Taiwan, or West Malayan grids.
To select a position format:
1. Highlight the ‘POSITION FRMT’ field, and press
.
E
2. Select the desired setting, and press
.
E
The position format may
be set to display your
choice of many formats.
Note: degree and minutes
is the default setting.
Navigation Setup: User Grid Position Format
The ‘User Grid’ option lets you create a user-defined
position format by establishing factors such as longitude
of origin, scale, and false Easting or Northing.
To define a user grid:
1. Select ‘User Grid’, and press
.
E
2. Enter values for longitude origin, scale, and false
Easting and Northing, and press
.
E
3. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and press
.
E
Navigation Setup: Map Datums
The ‘MAP DATUM’ field comes with a ‘WGS 84’
default setting. Although over 100 map datums are
available for use (see Appendix D for map datums), you
should only change the datum if you are using maps or
charts that specify a different datum than WGS 84. If no
datum is specified, you may select each datum applica-
ble to your region until you find the datum that pro-
vides the best positioning at a known point.
The default map datum
covers world-wide naviga-
tion. However, if you are
using
a
paper map or
chart which uses a differ-
ent map datum that WGS
84, then you may wish to
switch to that datum to
make your GPS 12 posi-
tion readout correspond to
the chart.
To select a map datum:
1. Highlight the ‘MAP DATUM’ field, and press
.
E
2. Select the desired setting, and press
.
E
Warning: Selecting the wrong map datum can result
in substantial position errors. When in doubt, use the
default WGS 84 datum for best overall performance.
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REFERENCE
Navigation Setup: Map Datums (continued)
To define a user datum:
1. Highlight the ‘MAP DATUM’ field, and press
.
E
2. Scroll through the map datum options until ‘User’
appears, and press
Navigation
Setup
.
E
3. Enter the five parameters of the map datum—‘DX’,
‘DY’, ‘DZ’, ‘DA’, and ‘DF’—using the rocker keypad,
and press
.
The signs of each value should fol-
E
low the convention: WGS 84 +/- local geodetic system.
4. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and press
.
E
Navigation Setup: CDI Scale
The course deviation indicator (CDI) field lets you
select the range of the CDI bar scale on the Highway
Page. Four scales are available: +/- 0.02, 0.25 (default),
1.25, and 5.0 miles or kilometers. Note: This CDI
value represents the full scale limits (left or right from
center) of the CDI.
The user datum feature
allows you to define the
earth model used to calcu-
late position coordinates.
To enter a CDI scale setting:
1. Highlight the ‘CDI’ field, and press
.
E
2. Select the desired setting, and press
.
E
WARNING: Incorrect
entries may result in sub-
stantial position errors.
Navigation Setup: Units of Measure
The GPS 12 lets you select statute (default), nauti-
cal, or metric units of measure for all speed and dis-
tance readouts.
To change the unit of measure:
1. Highlight the ‘UNITS’ field, and press
.
E
2. Select the desired units of measure, and press
.
E
Navigation Setup: Heading Reference
The GPS 12’s heading information can be displayed
referencing magnetic north (automatic or user-defined),
true north, or calculated grid headings. The default set-
ting is automatically-calculated magnetic north, which
is suitable for most applications.
To enter a user-defined
magnetic variation, select
the ‘User Mag’ option and
enter the desired direction
and degrees.
To select a heading reference:
1. Highlight the ‘HEADING’ field, and press
E
2. Select the desired heading reference, and press
.
.
E
To enter a user-defined magnetic heading:
.
1. Select ‘User Mag’ and press
.
E
2. Enter the degrees and direction of magnetic variation,
and press
.
E
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REFERENCE
Angular Heading Selection
The GPS 12 gives you the ability to change your
angular display. Choose this field to toggle between
degrees and MILS.
Angular
Heading &
Alarms
To change between degrees and MILS:
1. Highlight the angle heading field and press
E
2. Select the desired setting and press
.
E
Alarms
The alarms page is used to set two alarms on the
GPS 12: arrival and CDI. The arrival alarm will alert
you when you are approaching a waypoint. The arrival
alarm has three available settings:
• ’Off’— No alarm will occur.
• ’On’— The alarm will occur at the user-specified dis-
tance from the destination waypoint.
• ’Auto’— The alarm will occur at one minute away
(based upon current speed, distance & track)
from the each waypoint in the active route or
from the GOTO destination.
The angular heading
selection field gives you a
choice between degrees
and MILS.
To set the arrival alarm:
1. Highlight the ‘ARRIVAL’ field and press
.
E
2. Select ‘On’, ‘Auto’ or ‘Off’, and press
.
E
3. If ‘On’ is selected, highlight the distance field, press
, enter the desired distance and press
.
E
E
The CDI alarm will alert you if your position devi-
ates off course (left or right) beyond the limits specified.
To set the CDI alarm:
1. Highlight the ‘CDI Alarm’ field and press
.
E
2. Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’, and press
.
E
The arrival alarm alerts
you when you’ve reached
your destination. ‘Auto’
provides an alert at one
minute from your destina-
tion. ‘On’ allows you to
define an alarm distance.
3. If ‘On’ is selected, highlight the distance field, press
, enter the desired distance and press
.
E
E
Note: The arrival and CDI alarms both have setting
ranges from 0.0 to 9.9 units (statute miles/nautical
miles/kilometers). Setting the CDI alarm to its lowest
limits may cause false alarms due to the effects of
DOD-imposed Selective Availability. Selective
Availability can degrade your GPS position by as much
as 100 meters.
The CDI alarm warns you
when you deviate off
course (left or right)
beyond the limits that you
set.
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REFERENCE
Interface Setup
The GPS 12’s interface page lets you specify the for-
mats for connecting external devices. There are six
options: GRMN/GRMN, None/None, RTCM/None,
RTCM/NMEA, NMEA/NMEA, and None/NMEA. Each
option lists the input format first, followed by the out-
put format.
Interface Setup
& DGPS
To select an I/O format:
1. Highlight the I/O field and press
.
E
2. Select the desired setting and press
.
E
The GRMN/GRMN setting is a proprietary format
that lets you exchange information such as waypoints,
routes, and track logs between two GARMIN GPS units
or the GPS 12 and a PC. The transfer mode field is
directly below ‘GRMN/GRMN’, and allows you to spec-
ify what information to request or send to a second
GPS unit. The ‘Host’ setting lets you control all data
transfer functions from the second GPS unit or a PC.
To select a transfer mode:
1. Highlight the transfer mode field and press
The ‘GRMN/GRMN’ op-
tion allows the GPS 12 to
exchange data with a PC
or another GPS unit. Use
this setting with the
optional PC Software Kit.
.
E
2. Select a desired setting, and press
.
E
To disable all interfacing capabilities, select the
‘None/None’ setting. If you want to output NMEA data
without any differential input capability, select
‘None/NMEA’.
Interface Setup: DGPS
The last two format settings allow the differential-
ready GPS 12 to accept RTCM DGPS corrections in
RTCM 104 version 2.0 format. Using DGPS corrections
will improve receiver accuracy to 1-5 meters, regardless
of errors induced by the U.S. Dept. of Defense Selective
Availability (SA) program. Two RTCM options are avail-
able: ‘RTCM/NONE’, which allows connection to a bea-
con receiver with no output capability; and ‘RTCM/
NMEA’, which allows DGPS input and NMEA output.
When ‘RTCM/NMEA’ is selected, the GPS 12 will
either automatically try to tune the last frequency and
bit rate you selected or will switch to the default fre-
quency of 304.0 kHz with a bit rate of 100 bps if no
previous beacon has been tuned. (You may also enter
your own frequency and bit rate if desired.) This infor-
mation is used to tune/control an optional GARMIN
GBR 21 differential beacon receiver. Note: Use the
‘RTCM/NONE’ setting if your beacon receiver does not
support these software-driven controls.
Select the ‘RTCM/NMEA’
option to use the GPS 12
along with
Differential
Receiver.
a
GBR 21
Beacon
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REFERENCE
Interface Setup: DGPS (continued)
To enter a DGPS beacon frequency:
1. Highlight the ‘FREQ’ field, and press
.
E
DGPS
2. Enter the desired frequency, and press
.
E
3. Highlight the ‘RATE’ field, and press
.
E
4. Select the desired bit rate (bps), and press
.
E
Note: The frequency and bit rate fields are disabled
when the ‘RTCM/NONE’ option is selected.
When the GPS 12 is receiving DGPS corrections
from the GBR 21, the ‘BEACON RECVR’ section of the
I/O setup page will display the beacon frequency and
signal strength, as well as the distance from the beacon
transmitter to your present position. At the bottom of
the beacon receiver field, a status message will keep you
informed of DGPS activity:
• A ‘Tuning’ message will be displayed while a bea-
con receiver is selecting a frequency/bit rate and
waiting for signal reception.
The baud rate is selec-
table for all RTCM and
NMEA interface options.
• Once a valid beacon signal has been received, a
‘Receiving’ message will be displayed.
• If the beacon signal is received and no correction
data is being received, a ‘No Data’ message will be
displayed.
• If a beacon frequency cannot be tuned and/or no
signal is received, a ‘No Status’ message will be
displayed.
The message page will alert you to any problems
relating to DGPS operation. You may also monitor the
DGPS status from the status field on the interface page.
The GPS 12 will display one of three alert messages
concerning DGPS operation:
No DGPS Position— there is not enough correc-
tion data available to compute a DGPS position.
Alert messages will signal
any problems with DGPS
operation.
No RTCM Input— the beacon receiver is not
properly connected, the baud rates do not match or
no signal is being provided.
RTCM Input Failed— DGPS data was being
received but has been lost.
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REFERENCE
Language Setup
The GPS 12’s Language Setup allows you to change
your unit’s display language. Changing the display lan-
guage does not effect user entered data. All views will
be changed to the selected language except the way-
point names, route names, and all comments.
Language Setup
& Simulator
To change the display language:
1. From the Setup Menu Page, highlight ‘LANGUAGE’,
and press
.
E
2. Highlight the desired language, and press
.
E
Navigation Simulator
The GPS 12’s simulator mode lets you practice all
aspects of its operation without active satellite acquisi-
tion. You can plan and practice trips, enter new way-
points and routes, and save them for use during nor-
mal operation.
The GPS 12’s Language
Setup menu allows you
to change the display
language.
To activate the simulator:
1. From the Setup Menu Page, highlight ‘SYSTEM’, and
press
.
E
2. Highlight the ‘MODE’ field, and press
.
E
3. Select ‘Simulator?’, and press
.
E
Once the simulator mode has been activated, use
the Position, Compass, or Highway Page to set your
speed and track by highlighting the appropriate field,
entering the desired value, and pressing
. You
E
may also enter a new position if you desire (from the
Position Page).
The GPS 12does not track satellites in simula -
tor mode. Although you can create and save
waypoints and routes while using the simulator
mode, never attempt to use the simulator mode
for actual navigation.
!
#
Select the simulator mode
from the operation mode
choices and press ENTER.
You may return to normal
operation by changing the
operation mode or by
turning the unit off and
back on.
49
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APPENDIX A
Initializing Your GPS 12 for First-Time Use
The GPS 12 typically acquires a position fast
enough that initialization is not required. However, ini-
tialization may be necessary for the following:
Initialization
• After memory loss
• When the receiver has been moved more than
500 miles with the power off.
Additionally, it may be necessary to initialize the
unit the first time you use it, if it does not acquire a fix
after the first few minutes.
The receiver is shipped from the factory in
AutoLocate™ mode, which enables the GPS 12 to
determine its location anywhere in the world. To speed
up the initialization process, we recommend using the
graphic initialization described below, which will usual-
ly provide a fix in a few minutes.
To turn the GPS 12 on:
Welcome Page
1. Press and hold
until the receiver turns on.
B
The welcome page will be displayed while the unit
conducts a self test.
Once testing is complete, the welcome page will be
replaced by the Satellite Page, and the EZinit prompt
may appear prompting you to select one of two initial-
ization methods:
•Select Country––allows you to initialize the
receiver by selecting your present position from a
list of countries in the GPS 12’s internal database.
This typically provides a position fix in under three
minutes.
•AutolocateTM ––allows the GPS 12 to initialize
itself and calculate a position fix without knowing
your present position. This usually provides a posi-
tion fix in 3-5 minutes.
The EZinit prompt will
automatically appear if
the receiver needs to be
initialized. The prompt
may also appear during
normal use if the antenna
is shaded, thereby block-
ing satellite reception.
If the EZinit prompt has not automatically
appeared on the Satellite Page:
1. Press the
key.
E
Note: If the EZinit prompt ever appears after you
have initialized the receiver (due to the antenna’s view
of satellites being obstructed by trees, etc.), highlight
the ‘NO RE-INIT’ selection with the arrow keypad and
press
.
E
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APPENDIX A
To initialize the receiver:
1. If the ‘COUNTRY’ option is not highlighted, press the
key repeatedly to move the field highlight to the
D
Initialization
‘COUNTRY’ option.
2. Press the key.
E
3. Use the
key to scroll through the list options until
D
the country of your present position appears.
4. Use the key to highlight the country/state/region
U
you’re in. If the country you’re in is not listed, select
any other country within 500 miles of your present
position.
5. Press
to finish.
E
The GPS 12 will now begin searching for the
appropriate satellites for your location and should
acquire a position in under three minutes. You can ver-
ify that you have acquired a position by watching the
Satellite Page transition to the Position Page (provided
you haven’t pressed any other buttons) or by looking
for a ‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ status at the top-left corner
of the Satellite Page.
Use the arrow keypad to
highlight the country,
region, or state of your
present position from the
list and press ENTER. If
the country is not listed,
select the closest country
instead.
Initialization Troubleshooting
If you have trouble initializing the receiver or
acquiring a position, check the following:
• Does the unit have a clear view of the sky?
If there are large buildings or mountains nearby, or
if there is heavy tree cover, the receiver may not be
receiving enough satellite signals to calculate a
position.
• Have you selected the right country/state/region
from the EZinit list?
Check for the correct approximate lat/lon on the
Position Page, or reselect the appropriate country
from the list to restart the initialization.
• Have you moved more than 500 miles from the
last calculated position with the receiver off?
Reinitialize the receiver, selecting the country/state/
region of your new location from the EZinit list.
Your unit should now be initialized.
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APPENDIX B
Never attempt any repairs yourself. To protect your GPS 12,
keep it in a covered container or case when not in use, and
never allow gasoline or other solvents to come into contact with
the case. Clean the case and lens with a soft cloth and a house-
hold window cleaner.
Specifications
& Wiring
PHYSICAL
Case:
waterproof*
Size:
14.6 x 5.1 x 3.4 cm
Weight:
Approx 9.5 ounces (269g) w/ batteries
Temperature Range:
5º to 158ºF (-15º to 70ºC)
PERFORMANCE
Receiver:
12 parallel channel, differential-ready
Approx. 15 seconds (warm start)
Approx. 45 seconds (cold start)
Acquisition Time:
Approx. 5 minutes (AutoLocateTM
)
Update Rate:
1/second, continuous
Position Accuracy:
1-5 meters (3-17 ft.) with DGPS corrections**
15 meters (49 ft.) RMS***
0.1 knot RMS steady state
6g
Velocity Accuracy:
Dynamics:
POWER
Input:
Four 1.5 volt AA batteries or 5-8 vDC
Power Consumption: 1 watt
Battery Life:
Up to 24 hours (with 4 AA batteries)
lithium battery
Internal Backup:
NOTE: Alkaline batteries lose a significant amount of their capacity as temperature decreas-
es. If you’re using the GPS 12 in below freezing temperatures, use lithium batteries
for longer battery life. Extensive use of screen backlighting will significantly reduce
battery life.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
* Meets IEC (European Community Specification) 529 IPX7 for protection against immersion for
30 minutes at a depth of 1 meter.
** With optional DGPS input.
*** Subject to accuracy degradation to 100m 2DRMS under the US DOD-imposed Selective
Availability Program.
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APPENDIX B
unit view
DATA IN
(WHITE)
Specifications &
Wiring
GROUND
(BLACK)
POWER
(RED)
DATA OUT
(BROWN)
Three optional cables are available to connect the GPS 12 to an external power
source or interface with another unit or PC:
• Cigarette Lighter Adapter— Allows connection to a 12-volt DC cigarette
lighter plug. Part No. 010-10084-00.
• Data Transfer Cable— Allows data transfer between GARMIN GPS units. The
GPS 12 is compatible with the following units: GPS 38/40/45/45XL, GPS II/II
plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL. Information that can be transferred includes the
almanac, waypoints, routes, and tracklog. However, waypoint symbols are
only transferrable from or to units that support waypoint symbols such as the
GPS II plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL software version 3.01 or later. Part No.
010-10142-00.
• PC Kit Interface Cable— PC interface cable with 9-pin ‘D’ serial data connec-
tor. Part No. 010-10141-00. (A combined Cigarette Lighter Adapter and PC
Interface Cable is also available as Part No. 010-10164-00.)
The following interface formats are supported by the GPS 12 for connection to
up to three NMEA devices:
NMEA 0180
NMEA 0183 version 2.0
NMEA 0182
Approved sentences:
NMEA 0183 version 1.5
Approved sentences:
GPGGA, GPGSA, GPGSV,
GPRMB, GPRMC, GPRTE,
GPWPL
GPRMB, GPRMC, GPWPL
Proprietary sentences:
PGRMM (map datum),
Proprietary sentences:
PGRME (estimated error),
PGRMM (map datum), PSLIB
(beacon receiver control)
PGRMZ (altitude), PSLIB
(beacon rec. control)
DGPS corrections are accepted on
RTCM-104 v. 2.1 format.
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APPENDIX C
The GPS 12 uses a flashing on-screen message indica-
tor to alert you to important information. Whenever the
message indicator appears, press PAGE to view the mes-
sage page. There are two types of messages: temporary
alerts and condition alerts. Temporary alerts are cleared
from the message page after viewing, while condition
alerts remain until the condition has been resolved. Pay
careful attention to all messages for your own safety.
Messages &
Time Offsets
Active WPT Can’t be Deletd—You have attempted to change the “active to” or “active from”
waypoint. Clear the active route or GOTO before making your changes.
Accuracy has been Degraded—The accuracy of the GPS 12 has been degraded beyond 500
meters due to poor satellite geometry or data quality. You should check other navigational
sources to verify the position indicated.
Already Exists—The name you are entering already exists in the GPS 12’s memory.
Arrival at (or Approaching)—You are one minute away from reaching a destination waypoint
or at the distance specified on the alarms submenu.
Battery Power is Low—Thebatteries are low and should be replaced.
CDI Alarm—You are left or right of course, beyond the limits set on the alarms submenu.
No DGPSPosition—Not enough data is available to compute a DGPS position.
No RTCM Input—Beacon receiver is improperly connected or baud rates do not match.
Poor GPSCoverage—The GPS 12 cannot acquire the necessary number of satellites to com-
pute a position. Try another location with a clearer view of the sky.
Power Down and Re-init—The GPS 12 is not able to calculate a position due to abnormal
satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and verify the last position shown by other means. Try the
unit again later, possibly in a different location.
PROX Alarm—You have entered the alarm circle for a specific proximity waypoint.
Proximity Overlapped—The alarm circles of two proximity waypoints overlap which could
cause difficulty in monitoring distances to each waypoint.
Proximity Wpt can’t be Deleted—The waypoint you are trying to delete is listed as a proximi-
ty waypoint and must be removed from the list before it can be deleted.
Read Only Mem has Failed—The permanent memory has failed and the unit is not operable.
Received an Invalid WPT—A waypoint was received during upload transfer that has an
invalid identifier.
Receiver has Failed—A failure in receiver hardware has been detected. If this message persists,
do not use the unit and take it to an authorized dealer for repair.
Route is Full—You have attempted to add more than 30 waypoints to a route.
Route is not Empty—You have attempted to copy into a route already in use.
54
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APPENDIX C
Messages &
Time Offsets
Route Waypoint was Deleted—A route waypoint entered does not exist in the database and
has been deleted from the route.
RTCMInput has Failed—DGPS data being received has been lost. You are no longer receiv-
ing the beacon signal.
Searching the Sky—The GPS 12 is in searching the sky for almanac data or the unit is in
AutoLocateTM mode.
Stored Data was Lost—All waypoints, routes, time and almanac data has been lost due to
battery failure or clearing the receiver’s memory.
Track Memory is Full—All track log points in memory have been used. You must either
delete the current tracklog or switch the record option to ‘WRAP’ which will begin erasing the
oldest tracklog points as new ones are added.
Transfer has been Completed—The receiver is finished uploading or downloading informa-
tion to the connected device.
WPT Memory is Full—You have used all 500 waypoints in the GPS 12. Delete unwanted
waypoints to make room for new entries.
Time Offset Chart
The table below gives approximate UTC time offset for various longitudinal
zones. If you are in daylight savings time, add one hour to the offset.
Longitudinal Zone
W180.0º to W172.5º
W172.5º to W157.5º
W157.5º to W142.5º
W142.5º to W127.5º
W127.5º to W112.5º
W112.5º to W097.5º
W097.5º to W082.5º
W082.5º to W067.5º
W067.5º to W052.5º
W052.5º to W037.5º
W037.5º to W022.5º
W022.5º to W007.5º
W007.5º to E007.5º
Offset
-12
-11
-10
-9
Longitudinal Zone
E007.5º to E022.5º
E022.5º to E037.5º
E037.5º to E052.5º
E052.5º to E067.5º
E067.5º to E082.5º
E082.5º to E097.5º
E097.5º to E112.5º
E112.5º to E127.5º
E127.5º to E142.5º
E142.5º to E157.5º
E157.5º to E172.5º
E172.5º to E180.0º
Offset
1
2
3
4
-8
5
-7
6
-6
7
-5
8
-4
9
-3
10
11
12
-2
-1
0
55
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APPENDIX D
The following list shows the map datums available for
the GPS 12. Menu abbreviations are listed first, followed
by the corresponding map datum name and area. The
default map datum for the GPS 12 is WGS 84.
Map Datums
Adindan
Adindan- Ethiopia, Mali,
(New Georgia Islands)
Senegal, Sudan
Easter Isld 67
Easter Island 1967
Afgooye
Afgooye- Somalia
European 1950
European 1950- Austria,
Belgium, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Gibraltar,
Greece, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland
AINELABD ‘70
AIN ELANBD 1970- Bahrain
Island, Saudi Arabia
Anna 1 Ast ‘65
ARC 1950
Anna 1 Astro ‘65- Cocos Isl.
ARC 1950- Botswana,
Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
ARC 1960- Kenya, Tanzania
European 1979
European 1979- Austria,
Finland, Netherlands,
Norway, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland
ARC 1960
Ascnsn Isld ‘58
Ascension Island ‘58-
Ascension Island
Astro B4 Sorol Atoll- Tern
Island
Astro B4 Sorol
Finland Hayfrd
Gandajika Base
Finland Hayford- Finland
Gandajika Base- Republic of
Maldives
Astro Bcn “E”
Astro Dos 71/4
Astr Stn ‘52
Astro Beacon “E”- Iwo Jima
Astro Dos 71/4- St. Helena
Astronomic Stn ‘52- Marcus
Island
Geod Datm ‘49
Geodetic Datum ‘49-
New Zealand
Guam 1963
Gux 1 Astro
Guam 1963- Guam Island
Astrln Geod ‘66
Astrln Geod ‘84
Australian Geod ‘66-
Australia, Tasmania Island
Australian Geod ‘84-
Gux 1 Astro- Guadalcanal
Island
Hjorsey 1955
Hong Kong ‘63
Hu-Tzu-Shan
Indian Bngldsh
Hjorsey 1955- Iceland
Australia, Tasmania Island
Hong Kong ‘63- Hong Kong
Austria
Austria
Taiwan
Bellevue (IGN)
Bermuda 1957
Efate and Erromango Islands
Bermuda 1957- Bermuda
Islands
Indian- Bangladesh, India,
Nepal
Indian Thailand
Indonesia ‘74
Ireland 1965
Indian- Thailand, Vietnam
Indonesia 1974- Indonesia
Ireland 1965- Ireland
Bogata Observ
Campo Inchspe
Canton Ast ‘66
Bogata Obsrvatry- Colombia
Campo Inchauspe- Argentina
Canton Astro 1966- Phoenix
Islands
ISTS 073 Astro
ISTS 073 ASTRO ‘69-
Diego Garcia
Cape
Cape- South Africa
Cape Canaveral- Florida,
Bahama Islands
Johnston Island
Kerguelen Islnd
Kertau 1948
Johnston Island Kandawala
Kandawala- Sri Lanka
Cape Canavrl
Kerguelen Island, Kandawala,
Sri Lanka
Carthage
Carthage- Tunisia
CH-1903
CH 1903- Switzerland
Kertau 1948- West Malaysia,
Singapore
Chatham 1971
Chatham 1971- Chatham
Island (New Zealand)
L. C. 5 Astro
Cayman Brac Island
Chua Astro
Corrego Alegr
Djakarta
Chua Astro- Paraguay
Corrego Alegre- Brazil
Liberia 1964
Liberia 1964- Liberia
Luzon Mindanao
Luzon Philippine
Luzon- Mindanao Island
Djakarta (Batavia)- Sumatra
Island (Indonesia)
Luzon- Philippines
(excluding Mindanao Island)
Dos 1968
Dos 1968- Gizo Island
56
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APPENDIX D
Mahe 1971
Marco Astro
Massawa
Mahe 1971- Mahe Island
Marco Astro- Salvage Island
Massawa- Eritrea (Ethiopia)
Merchich- Morocco
Merchich
Map Datums
Midway Ast ‘61
Minna
Midway Astro ‘61- Midway
Minna- Nigeria
NAD27 Alaska
North American 1927- Alaska
NAD27 Bahamas North American 1927-
Bahamas (excluding San
Salvador Island)
Prov S Am ‘56
Prov So Amricn ‘56- Bolivia,
Chile,Colombia, Ecuador,
Guyana, Peru, Venezuela
NAD27 Canada
North American 1927-
Canada and Newfoundland
NAD27 Canal Zone North Am. 1927- Canal Zone
Prov S Chln ‘63
Puerto Rico
Qatar National
Qornoq
Prov So Chilean ‘63- S. Chile
Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands
Qatar National- Qatar
NAD27 Caribbn
North American 1927-
Caribbean (Barbados, Caicos
Islands, Cuba, Dom. Rep.,
Grand Cayman, Jamaica,
Leeward and Turks Islands)
North American 1927-
Qornoq- South Greenland
Reunion- Mascarene Island
Rome 1940- Sardinia Island
Sweden
Reunion
Rome 1940
RT 90
NAD27 Central
Central America (Belize, Costa
Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Nicaragua)
Santo (Dos)
Santo (Dos)- Espirito Santo
Island
Sao Braz
Sao Braz- Sao Miguel, Santa
Maria Islands (Azores)
Sapper Hill 1943- East
Falkland Island
NAD27 CONUS
NAD27 Cuba
North Am. 1927- Mean Value
North American 1927- Cuba
North American 1927-
Sapper Hill ‘43
NAD27 Grnland
Greenland (Hayes Peninsula)
Schwarzeck
Schwarzeck- Namibia
South American ‘69-
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru,
Venezuela, Trinidad and
Tobago
NAD27 Mexico
NAD27 San Sal
N. American 1927- Mexico
North American 1927- San
Salvador Island
Sth Amrcn ‘69
NAD83
North American 1983- Alaska,
Canada, Central America,
CONUS, Mexico
Nhrwn Masirah
Nahrwn- Masirah Island
(Oman)
South Asia
SE Base
South Asia- Singapore
Southeast Base- Porto Santo
and Madiera Islands
Nhrwn Saudi A
Nhrwn United A
Nahrwn- Saudi Arabia
Nahrwn- United Arab
Emirates
SW Base
Southwest Base- Faial,
Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge and
Terceira Islands (Azores)
Naparima BWI
Obsrvtorio ‘66
Naparima BWI- Trinidad and
Tobago
Timbalai 1948
Timbalai 1948- Brunei and E.
Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah)
Tokyo- Japan, Korea, Okinawa
Observatorio 1966- Corvo
and Flores Islands (Azores)
Tokyo
Old Egyptian
Old Hawaiian
Oman
Old Egyptian- Egypt
Tristan Ast ‘68
Tristan Astro 1968- Tristan da
Cunha
Old Hawaiian- Mean Value
Oman- Oman
Viti Levu 1916
Viti Levu 1916- Viti Levu/ Fiji
Islands
Ord Srvy GB
Old Survey Grt Britn-
England, Isle of Man,
Scotland, Shetland Isl., Wales
Wake-Eniwetok
WGS 72
Wake-Eniwetok- Marshall Isl.
World Geodetic System 1972
World Geodetic System1984
Zanderij- Surinam
Pico De Las Nv
Potsdam
Canary Islands
WGS 84
Potsdam-Germany
Zanderij
Ptcairn Ast ‘67
Pitcairn Astro ‘67- Pitcairn Is
57
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APPENDIX E
Index
Course to Steer (CTS) . . .32
Creating Routes . . . . . . . .28
Crosstrack Error (XTK) . .32
A
Activating a Route . . . . . .28
Active Route Page . . . . . .29
Acquiring a position . . . . . .8
Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Adjusting Screen Contrast 11
Altitude (ALT) . . . . . .15-16
Angular Heading Selection 46
Arrival Alarm . . . . . . . . . .46
AutoLocate™ . . . . . . . . . .50
Average Speed (AVSPD) . .15
Averaging positions . . . . .17
D
Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Date and Time . . . . . . . . .43
Deleting Waypoints . . . . .22
DGPS Interface . . . . . .47-48
Distance/Sun Calculations 41
E
Editing Routes . . . . . . . . .30
Elapsed Time (ELPSD) . . .15
Emergency Erase . . . . . . .14
Est. Time Enroute (ETE) .32
Est. Time of Arrival (ETA) 32
EZinit . . . . . . . . . . . .13, 50
B
Backlighting Timeout . . . .43
Battery Installation . . . . . . .4
Battery Level . . . . . . . . . .14
Battery Life . . . . . . . . .4, 52
Bulb Icon . . . . . . . . . . . .14
F
C
Figure of Merit (FOM) . . .17
Cancelling a GOTO . .10, 23
Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
CDI . . . . . . . . . . .34, 45-46
CDI Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Cigarette Lighter Adapter .53
Clearing Map Display . . . .11
Clearing Routes . . . . . . . .29
Clearing Track Log .11,24,40
Compass Page .7, 10, 31, 33
Configuring the Map . . . .38
Copying Routes . . . . . . . .29
G
Getting Started Tour . . . . . .8
GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . .23, 30
Going To a Waypoint . .9, 23
Graphic heading display . .15
H
Heading Selection . . . . . .46
Heading Reference . . . . . .45
Highway Page . . . . . .31, 34
58
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APPENDIX E
Index
I
Navigation Simulator . . . .49
Nearest Waypoints . . . . . .18
I/O format . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Initializing . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Interface Setup . . . . . . . . .47
Inverting a Route . . . . . . .28
O
Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
On-Route GOTOs . . . . . .30
Operating modes . . . . . . .42
K
Keypad Usage . . . . . . . . . .5
P
L
Page Sequence . . . . . . . . . .6
Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Position Averaging . . . . . .17
Position Formats . . . . . . .44
Position Page . . . . . . . .6, 15
Primary Pages . . . . . . . . . .6
Proximity Waypoints . . . .19
Language Setup . . . . . . . .49
M
Mag. Heading Reference . .45
Managing Track Log . . . . .40
Man Overboard . . . . . . . .23
Map Cursor . . . . . . . . . . .37
Map Datums . . . . . . .44, 56
Map Options . . . . . . .36-38
Map Orientation . . . . . . .38
Map Page . . . . . . . . .7, 9, 35
Map Setup . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Marking a Position . . . .8, 17
Max. Speed (MXSPD) .15-16
Main Menu Page . . . . .7, 40
Messages . . . . . . . . . .41, 54
R
Receiver Status . . . . . . . . .13
Reference Waypoints . . . .20
Renaming Waypoints . . . .22
Routes
Clearing . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Copying . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Creating . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Inverting . . . . . . . . . . .28
Navigating Routes . . . . .28
On-Route GOTO’s . . . .30
Route Definition Page . .27
Route Navigation . . . . .26
N
NMEA Formats . . . . . . . . 53
Navigation Pages . . . . .7, 31
Navigating Routes . . . . . . .2
Navigation Setup . . . .44-45
59
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APPENDIX E
Index
S
U
Satellite Page . . . . . . . .6, 12
Scanning Waypoints . . . . .22
Screen Backlighting 11,14,43
Screen Contrast . . . . .11, 43
Selecting a Nav Page . .31-32
Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . .41
Signal Strength Bars . . . . .12
Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Sky View . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Specifications . . . . . . . . . .52
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .21, 37
System Setup . . . . . . .41-43
Units of Measure . . . . . . .45
User Grid . . . . . . . . . . . .44
User Heading . . . . . . . . . .45
Using the Keypad . . . . . . .5
V
Velocity Made Good (VMG) 32
W
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Waypoints
Comments . . . . . . . . . .21
Definition Page . . . . . . .20
Deleting . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Going to a Waypoint .9, 23
Nearest Waypoints . . . .18
Proximity Waypoints . . .19
Reference Waypoints . . .20
Renaming . . . . . . . . . . .22
Scanning . . . . . . . . . . .22
Waypoint List . . . . . . . 18
Waypoint Pages . . . . . .18
Waypoint Symbols .21, 37
Welcome Page . . . . . . .8, 50
Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
T
Time Format . . . . . . . . . .42
Time Offset . . . . . . . .42, 55
TracBack Navigation . . . . .24
TracBack Tips . . . . . . . . .25
Track Log Display . . .24, 40
Track Method . . . . . . . . .39
Track Setup . . . . . . . . . . .39
Trip Odometer (TRIP) . . .15
Trip Timer (TTIME) . . . . .15
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . .49
Turn (TRN) . . . . . . . . . . .32
Turning the GPS 12 Off . .11
Turning the GPS 12 On . . .8
Z
Zooming . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
60
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LIMITED WARRANTY
GARMIN Corporation warrants this product to be free from
defects in materials and manufacture for one year from the date of
purchase. GARMIN will at its sole option, repair or replace any com-
ponents which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will
be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor. The cus-
tomer is, however, responsible for any transportation costs. This war-
ranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unau-
thorized alteration or repairs.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN
ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES
EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIA-
BILITY ARISING UNDER WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTH-
ERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL
RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCI-
DENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE , MISUSE, OR INABILITY
TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT.
SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF INCIDEN-
TAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITA-
TIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
To obtain warranty service, call the GARMIN Customer Service
department (913-397-8200) for a returned merchandise tracking
number. The unit should be securely packaged with the tracking
number clearly marked on the outside of the package, and sent
freight prepaid and insured to a GARMIN warranty service station. A
copy of the original sales receipt is required as the proof of purchase
for warranty repairs. GARMIN retains the exclusive right to repair or
replace the unit or software at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY
SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY
BREACH OF WARRANTY.
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®
© 1999 GARMIN Corporation
GARMIN International, Inc., 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS 66062 USA
GARMIN (Europe) Ltd. - Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire, SO51 9AQ, UK
GARMIN (Asia) Corp., 3th Fl., No. 1, Lane 45, Pao-Hsing Road, Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
Part Number 190-00143-10 Rev. B Printed in Taiwan
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