Garland Oven G280 2 User Manual

INSTALLATION AND  
OPERATION MANUAL  
GAS SINGLE AND DOUBLE OVENS  
RESTAURANT SERIES MODEL G280-2  
MASTER SERIES M1R AND M2R  
PLEASE READ ALL SECTIONS OF THIS MANUAL  
AND RETAIN FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.  
FOR YOUR SAFETY:  
DO NOT STORE OR USE GASOLINE  
OR OTHER FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR  
LIQUIDS IN THE VICINITY OF  
THIS OR ANY OTHER  
THIS PRODUCT HAS BEEN CERTIFIED AS  
COMMERCIAL COOKING EQUIPMENT AND  
MUST BE INSTALLED BY PROFESSIONAL  
PERSONNEL AS SPECIFIED.  
APPLIANCE  
IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS  
THIS PRODUCT MUST BE INSTALLED BY A  
LICENSED PLUMBER OR GAS FITTER. APPROVAL  
NUMBER: G-1-07-05-28  
WARNING:  
IMPROPER INSTALLATION, ADJUSTMENT,  
ALTERATION, SERVICE OR MAINTENANCE  
CAN CAUSE PROPERTY DAMAGE, INJURY,  
OR DEATH. READ THE INSTALLATION,  
OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE  
INSTRUCTIONS THOROUGHLY  
For Your Safety:  
Post in a prominent location, instructions to be  
followed in the event the user smells gas. This  
information shall be obtained by consulting  
your local gas supplier.  
BEFORE INSTALLING OR  
SERVICING THIS EQUIPMENT  
Users are cautioned that maintenance and repairs must be performed by a Garland authorized service agent  
using genuine Garland replacement parts. Garland will have no obligation with respect to any product that has been  
improperly installed, adjusted, operated or not maintained in accordance with national and local codes or installation  
instructions provided with the product, or any product that has its serial number defaced, obliterated or removed,  
or which has been modified or repaired using unauthorized parts or by unauthorized service agents.  
The information contained herein, (including design and parts specifications), may be superseded and is subject  
to change without notice.  
GARLAND COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIES  
185 East South Street  
Freeland, Pennsylvania 18224  
Phone: (570) 636-1000  
GARLAND COMMERCIAL RANGES, LTD.  
1177 Kamato Road, Mississauga, Ontario L4W 1X4  
CANADA  
Enodis UK LTD.  
Swallowfield Way, Hayes, Middlesex UB3 1DQ ENGLAND  
Telephone: 081-561-0433  
Phone: 905-624-0260  
Fax: 081-848-0041  
Fax: (570) 636-3903  
Fax: 905-624-5669  
Part #1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
© 2004 Garland Commercial Industries, Inc.  
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
IMPORTANT INFORMATION                                                                                    2  
DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL M1R, M2R                                 4  
DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL G280-2                                     5  
SPECIFICATIONS                                                                                                         6  
Model G280-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6  
Models M1R and M2R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6  
INSTALLATION                                                                                                             6  
Rating Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6  
Gas Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6  
Installation for Ovens Equipped with Casters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7  
Installation for Ovens Equipped with Legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7  
Ventilation and Air Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7  
Assembly of Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7  
Pressure Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8  
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8  
OPERATION                                                                                                                  9  
Oven Lighting Procedure (All Models). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9  
CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE                                                                             9  
Painted Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9  
Stainless Steel Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9  
Oven Interior (porcelain enamel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10  
Oven Interior, (optional continuous clean). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10  
OVEN PILOT ADJUSTMENT                                                                                    11  
TROUBLE SHOOTING                                                                                               11  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
Page 3  
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DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL M1R, M2R  
34"  
[864mm]  
33-1/4"  
[845mm]  
54-1/4"  
[1378mm]  
M2R  
1-1/4" NPT  
GAS INLET  
30-1/4"  
[768mm]  
M1R  
33-7/8"  
[860mm]  
14-1/4"  
[362mm]  
34"  
[864mm]  
1-3/4"  
[44mm]  
6"  
[152mm]  
Height:  
In(mm)  
(w/ NSF Legs)  
Oven Interior: in(mm)  
Width: Depth:  
In(mm) In(mm)  
Height: In(mm)  
(w/o NSF Legs)  
Product  
Width  
Depth  
Height  
M1R  
M2R  
34(864) 38(965)  
34(864) 38(965)  
36-3/8(924)  
30-3/8(772)  
26-1/4(667) 29(737)** 13-1/2(343)  
60-3/8(1534)  
54-3/8(1381)  
26-1/2(667) 292(737) 20-1/2(519)  
**RC oven is 25”(635mm) deep  
INPUT-BTU/hr(NaturalGas)  
M1R  
kW Equivalent  
M2R  
kW Equivalent  
Oven  
TOTAL  
40,000  
40,000  
11.72  
11.72  
80,000  
80,000  
23.44  
23.44  
RC=Range w/Convection Oven R=Range w/Oven S=Range w/Storeage Base T=Modular Top  
INSTILLATION NOTES  
Entry Clearances  
Shipping Wt: (Lb/Kg)  
Combustible Wall Clearances 1  
Operating Pressure  
M1R 480/220  
M2S 480/220  
Sides: 6(152mm)  
Back: 6(152mm)  
Crated: 39-1/4”(997mm)  
Uncrated: 34-1/4(870mm) Propane: 10 WC (25mbar)  
Natural: 6 WC (15mbar)  
1NOTE: Installation clearance reductions are applicable only where local codes permit.  
Data applies only to North America.  
Commercial cooking equipment requires an adequate  
ventilation system. For additional information, refer  
to the National Fire Protection Association's standard  
NFPA96. (North America only).  
Gas input ratings shown here are for installations up  
to 2,000 ft. (610m) above sea level.  
Specify altitudes over 2,000 ft.  
Please specify gas type when ordering.  
Electrical characteristics each RC oven: 1/3 HP motor,  
120 VAC, single phase, 3.4 amps, 6 ft. (1.8m) power  
supply cord provided, 230 VAC export is direct  
connect, single phase, 50 Hz.  
Page 4  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
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DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL G280-2  
Oven Interior Dimensions  
Installation Clearances  
Entry Clearances  
Shipping Wt.  
Height  
Width  
Depth  
Sides  
Rear  
Crated  
Uncrated  
34"  
Lbs.  
Kg  
13-12"  
(343mm)  
26-1/4"  
(667mm)  
22"  
(559mm)  
6"  
6"  
46"  
535  
243  
(152mm)  
(152mm) (1168mm) (864mm)  
NOTE: Installation clearance reductions are applicable only where local codes permit.  
This product is not approved for residential use  
Input Rating (Nat Gas)  
Oven (each)  
Operating Pressure  
Natural Propane  
BTU  
kW  
"WC  
4.5  
mbar  
"WC  
10  
mbar  
30.000  
8.78  
11  
25  
Gas input ratings shown for installations up to 2000 ft., (610m), above sea level.  
Please specify altitudes over 2000 ft.  
3"  
[76mm]  
7"  
[178mm]  
Commercial cooking equipment requires an  
adequate ventilation system. For additional  
information, refer to the National Fire Protection  
Association's standard NFPA96..  
3/4" N.P.T.  
REAR GAS  
INLET  
4"  
FLUE  
OPENING  
[102mm]  
29"  
[737mm]  
5"  
30"  
[762mm]  
[127mm]  
23-1/2"  
[597mm]  
58"  
[1473mm]  
53-1/2"  
[1359mm]  
23-1/2"  
[597mm]  
6"  
[152mm]  
15-1/2"  
[394mm]  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
Page 5  
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SPECIFICATIONS  
Model G280-2  
Models M1R and M2R  
Oven interior dimensions are 26¼wide (667mm) x 22deep  
x 13½high (343mm), designed with embossed side liners  
to achieve the maximum in thermal convection action for  
uniform heat distribution and control. Oven sides, back, deck  
and door linings coated in porcelain enamel make clean-up  
easier and ensure long life. Burner compartment is lined  
with corrosion resistant steel. Heavy oven rack provided (one  
rack per oven standard), with adjustable in two positions.  
Oven input is 35,000 BTU’s (10.25kW) per cavity. Individual  
on-off valve and 100% safety pilot system provided as  
standard equipment. Door springs and 100% safety pilot  
system are located out of heat zone and easily accessible for  
maintenance.  
High capacity oven is 13½high (343mm) x 26 ¼wide  
(667mm) x 29deep (737mm). Individual on-off valve, 100%  
safety pilot and one heavy duty rack are standard. Oven  
input is 40,000 BTU’s (11.72kW) per cavity.  
Exclusive heat flow over design eliminates, hot spots and  
gives consistently even oven temperatures. Oven sides, back,  
deck and door linings coated in porcelain enamel make  
clean-up easier and ensure long life. Door springs and 100%  
safety pilot system are located out of heat zone and easily  
accessible for maintenance.  
INSTALLATION  
Rating Plate  
Gas Supply  
When corresponding with the factory or your local  
A. The type of gas for which the unit is equipped is stamped  
on the data plate located behind the lower front panel.  
Connect a unit stampedNatonly to natural gas; connect  
those stampedPROonly to propane gas.  
authorized factory service center regarding service problems  
or replacement parts, be sure to refer to the particular unit  
by the correct model number (including the prefix and suffix  
letters and numbers) and the warranty serial number. The  
rating plate affixed to the unit contains this information.  
B. If it is a new installation have the gas authorities check  
meter size and piping to assure that the unit is supplied  
with sufficient amount of gas pressure required to  
operate the unit.  
We suggest installation, maintenance and repairs should be  
performed by your local authorized service agency listed in  
your information manual pamphlet.  
C. If it is additional or replacement equipment have gas  
authorities check pressure to make certain that existing  
meter and piping will supply fuel to the unit with not  
more than ½water column pressure drop.  
In the event you have any questions concerning the  
installation, use, care or service of the product, write or call  
our Product Service Department.  
This product must be installed by professional personnel as  
specified. Garland/U.S. Range products are not approved or  
authorized for home or residential use, but are intended for  
commercial applications only. Garland / U.S. Range will not  
provide service, warranty, maintenance or support of any  
kind other than in commercial applications.  
NOTE: When checking gas pressure to be sure that all other  
equipment on the same gas line is on. A pressure regulator  
is supplied with model G280-2. A pressure regulator is not  
supplied as standard equipment with models M1R and M2R,  
however a 1-1/4pressure regulator is sold as an option  
with the original purchase. If you would like to purchase a  
regulator after original purchase contact your equipment  
Page 6  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
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INSTALLATION Continued  
dealer. Installation must conform with the National Fuel Gas  
Code ANSI Z223.1-1988 or latest edition, NFPA No. 54- Latest  
Edition and National Electrical Code ANSI/NFPA 70-1990 or  
latest edition and/or local code to assure safe and efficient  
operation.  
A strong exhaust fan will create a vacuum in the room for an  
exhaust system vent to work properly, replacement air must  
enter the room in which the vent is located.  
All gas burners and pilots need sufficient air to operate and  
large objects should not be placed in front of this oven which  
would obstruct the air flow through the front.  
NOTE: The appliance and its individual shut-off valve (not  
supplied by manufacturer) must be disconnected from  
the gas supply piping system during any pressure testing  
of that system at pressures in excess of ½ PSIG (3.45 KP2).  
The appliance must be isolated from the gas supply piping  
system by closing its individual manual shut-off (not  
supplied by manufacturer) during any testing of the gas  
supply piping system at test pressures equal to or less than  
1/2 PSIG (3.45 KP2).  
Assembly of Battery  
This section pertains to Master Series models only.  
All heavy duty batteried equipment is aligned and fitted at  
the factory, from left to right and must be installed in this  
order. There is a diagram provided with every heavy duty  
battery.  
Installation for Ovens Equipped with Casters  
A. All such units should be placed in their respective battery  
position. Detach valve panels to prevent damage,  
remove them from the area where the battery is being  
assembled.  
A. The installation shall be made with a connector that  
complies with the Standard for Connectors for Moveable  
Gas Appliances, ANSI Z21.69/CSA 6.16, Addenda Z21.69B-  
2006/CSA 6.16B-2006 (or latest edition), and a quick-  
disconnect device that complies with the Standard for  
Quick Disconnects for Use with Gas Fuel, ANSI Z21.41/  
CSA 6.9, Addenda Z21.41A-2005/CSA 6.16A-2005 (or  
latest edition).  
B. Level each unit (to the oven rack) by adjusting the six inch  
(6”) legs (refer back to Item 1 for limitations), or where  
legs are not used, adjust level with shims. Readjust legs, if  
required.  
C. Connect units together by mating the unions at each  
end of the manifold. (Adjoining units must have  
matching unions, unless the union parts are of the  
same specifications, a leak proof connection cannot be  
assured.) Hand tighten unions at this point.  
B. The front casters of the unit are equipped with brakes  
to limit the movement of the oven without depending  
on the connector and any quick disconnect device or its  
associated piping to limit the appliance movement.  
C. Please be aware, required restraint is attached to the  
bracket (which is located on the rear caster closes to the  
gas connection), and if disconnection of the restraint is  
necessary, be sure to reconnect the restraint after the  
oven has been returned to its originally installed position.  
D. The units should be fastened at the rear by inserting  
5/16bolts through the holes provided at the rear of the  
burner box sides. Be sure of proper unit alignment in the  
battery before final tightening of these bolts or unions.  
Improper tightening will cause thefanningorbowing”  
of batteries units.  
Installation for Ovens Equipped with Legs  
The final tightening of the union should be accomplished  
by using a suitable spanner wrench. If such a wrench is  
not available, the Garland union collar has special ridges,  
and a cold chisel can be driven against these ridges to  
properly seat and seal the union.  
Raise front of the unit and block. Do not lay unit on its back.  
Position leg insert into leg retainer opening and tap up until  
it seats at collar flange. Repeat at rear of unit making sure all  
four legs are adjusted to same height. Legs can be adjusted  
to overcome an uneven floor.  
E. The manifold of this unit or the manifold of which is  
a part of must be equipped with a certified pressure  
regulator suitable for battery application and adjustable  
for an outlet pressure at the manifold as specified on the  
rating place.  
Ventilation and Air Supply  
Proper ventilation is highly important for good operation.  
The ideal method of ventilating a range is the use of a  
properly designed canopy which should extend six inches  
(6”) beyond all sides of the appliance and six feet (6’) six  
inches (6”) from the floor.  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
Page 7  
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INSTALLATION Continued  
lines and fittings require that valve panel(s) lower front  
panel(s), oven rack(s) be removed. It may be necessary to  
remove or at least raise and securely prop griddles, hot  
tops and top grates. All parts removed (including fasteners)  
should be stored safely for re-use.  
Pressure Regulators  
1. Must have a maximum regulation capacity for the total  
connected load.  
2. The pressure regulator(s) installed must be listed by a  
nationally recognized agency.  
1. Be sure that all valves and thermostats are in theo’  
position.  
3. The pressure regulator(s) must have a pressure  
adjustment range to allow adjustment to the manifold  
pressure on the appliance rating plate.  
2. Turn on the main gas supply valve.  
3. Leak test all valves and fittings as described in the  
procedure above. Correct any leaks required and recheck.  
4. Unless the manifold pressure on all connected appliances  
is the same, a separate pressure regulator must be  
supplied for each appliance(s) having differing manifold  
pressures.  
4. Light oven pilot.  
5. The range is provided with an oven shut-off valve  
separate from the thermostat, turn this valve on and set  
the thermostat at 500°. If the range oven thermostat has  
ano”position on the dial the thermostat is equipped  
with an internal, integral oven shut-off valve. Set this  
thermostat to 500°. In both cases, gas will now flow to the  
oven burner.  
5. Gas supply lines may be connected at right, left or both  
ends of a battery or at the tee connections on spreader  
plates. If five (5) or more units are placed in a battery,  
more than one (1) supply line should be used. A readily  
accessible, approved type of hand shut-off valve should  
be installed on each supply line.  
6. Leak test all valves, fittings, etc. as above. Correct any  
leaks and retest.  
WARNING: Local codes may require that the pressure  
regulator be externally vented. This will be supplied by  
others.  
7. Shut off all range valves and set thermostat dials too’or  
low position.  
Testing  
All units are tested and adjusted at the factory. However,  
burners and pilots should be checked at installation and  
adjusted if necessary.  
All fittings and pipe connections must be tested for  
leaks. Use approved gas leak detectors, soap solutions or  
equivalent, checking over and around the fittings and pipe  
connections. DO NOT USE A FLAME! Accessibility to all gas  
Page 8  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
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OPERATION  
Oven Lighting Procedure (All Models)  
Lighting  
1. Remove oven bottoms.  
2. Depress and hold reset button (red) extending through  
the louvered panel (beneath the oven door) while  
lighting the oven pilot. Continue to depress the reset  
button for 60 seconds. Release button. If pilot does not  
stay lit, repeat this procedure after 5 minutes.  
LIGHT BURNER THRU INSIDE OF OVEN  
W/MATCH  
Shut down  
1. Turn all valves and thermostats to the off position.  
2. If range is to be shut down for an extended period of  
time, close the in line gas valve.  
Re-lighting  
1. Shut all gas valves off.  
2. Wait 5 minutes.  
3. Repeat lighting instructions in sectionAabove.  
RESET BUTTON ON SAFETY  
CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE  
Establish a regular cleaning schedule. Any spills should be  
wiped off immediately.  
Stainless Steel Finishes  
For routine cleaning just wash with a hot water and  
detergent solution. Wash just a small area at a time or the  
water will evaporate leaving the chemicals behind causing  
streaking.  
Painted Finishes  
The oven should be permitted to cool down before cleaning  
exterior surfaces. Wipe exposed, cleanable surface when cool  
with a mild detergent and hot water. Stubborn residue spots  
may be removed with a light weight non metallic scouring  
pad. Dry thoroughly with a clean cloth.  
Rinse the washed area with a clean sponge dipped in a  
sanitizing solution and wipe dry with a soft cloth before it  
can dry.  
Use a paste (of water and a mild scouring powder) if you  
have to, but never rub against the grain. All stainless steel  
has been polished in one direction. Rub with the polished  
lines to preserve the original finish. Then thoroughly rinse  
as before. To prevent finger prints there are several stainless  
steel polishes on the market that leave an oily or waxy film.  
Do not use on surfaces that will be in contact with food.  
NOTE: Many parts of the commercial range are raw steel, (i.e.  
springs, door hooks, etc.) and can react to moisture, forming  
rust. This occurrence is normal and not considered a factory  
detect. Clean with a stainless steel or fiber pad. A coating of  
salt free oil may be applied.  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
Page 9  
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CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE Continued  
Stainless steel may discolor if overheated. These stains can  
usually be removed by vigorous rubbing with a scouring  
powder paste.  
2. How to putcontinuous cleaningaction to work: each  
day, after baking and roasting operations have ceased  
empty the oven, turn the temperature control up to high  
heat (500°). This high heat will accelerate the cleaning  
action and reduce the time required to effectively clean  
the oven. Usually the cleaning operation will take about  
45 to 60 minutes.  
Use only stainless steel, wooded or plastic tools if necessary  
to scrape off heavy deposits of grease and oil. Do not use  
ordinary steel scrapers of knives as particles of the iron may  
become imbedded and rust. STEEL WOOL SHOULD NEVER  
BE USED. Either a typical bleach solution or hot water can be  
used to sanitize stainless steel with out harm.  
3. Heavy Staining – When the oven appears soiled, due to  
heavy staining, we suggest pre-heating the empty oven  
each day for 1 or 2 hours (depending on the condition of  
the oven) for effective results. Also, ordinary household  
ammonia has proven to be effective in removing baked-  
onsoilbuild-up and has the beneficial effect of keeping  
the microscopicporesof the coating open and free  
Oven Interior (porcelain enamel)  
NOTE: Disconnect line cord (if applicable) from power  
supply before cleaning or servicing.  
1. Before cleaning oven interior, remove all oven racks  
and guides (ifRCbase). Oven racks and guides can be  
cleaned with a mild soap and warm water or run through  
dish washer.  
To perform its cleaning action. An occasional light  
swabbing with household ammonia while the oven is at  
room temperature will prove extremely beneficial.  
Abrasives should not be used – in order to maintain  
continuous cleaning action, it is very important to avoid  
the use of abrasive materials such as steel wool scouring  
pads, abrasives or sharp implements which can cause  
permanent damage to the surface coating. In addition  
oven cleaners such aseasy-OfforDow Oven Cleaner”  
will clog theporesof the special coating and will retard  
the cleaning action.  
2. The porcelain interior can be cleaned with oven cleaners  
such asEasy-Off, orDow Oven Cleaner. Apply only  
when oven is cold.  
Oven Interior, (optional continuous clean)  
NOTE: Disconnect line cord (if applicable) from power  
supply before cleaning or servicing.  
4. PeriodTune-Up Although the oven appears clean, we  
recommend operating the oven at high heat for 2 hours  
approximately once each month. This will insure against  
build-up of solids in hard to see places and in the pores of  
the coating.  
1. “Break-In PeriodWhen the oven is new, operate the  
oven for at least two hours at high heat, with the oven  
empty, before normal cooking operation. Continue  
preheating the oven for two hours prior to use during  
the first two weeks. During this break-in period, it is  
important that the oven surfaces be kept clean of  
excessive soiling due to spillage.  
Page 10  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
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OVEN PILOT ADJUSTMENT  
The oven pilot should be adjusted to stable flame 1”  
long with no yellow tips. This flame should envelope  
the thermocouple end for 3/8to 1/2and will cause  
the thermocouple tip to glow a dull red. The oven pilot  
adjustment valve is found on the manifold behind the valve  
panel.  
TROUBLE SHOOTING  
Cakes are dark on the sides and not done in the center  
Cake edges are too brown  
Lower oven temperature  
Reduce number of pans or lower temperature  
Raise temperature  
Cakes have light outer color  
Cake settles slightly in the center  
Bake longer or raise oven temperature slightly. Do not open  
doors to oven for long periods.  
Cake ripples  
Overloading pans or batter is too thin  
Lower oven temperature.  
Cakes are too coarse  
Pies have uneven color  
Reduce number of pies per rack or eliminate use of bake  
pans.  
Cupcakes crack on top  
Lower oven temperature.  
Meats are browned and not done in the center  
Meats are well done and not browned  
Meats develop hard crust  
Lower oven temperature and roast longer.  
Raise temperature. Limit amount of moisture.  
Reduce temperature or place pan of water in oven  
Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)  
Page 11  
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