Fortinet Network Card v30 MR7 User Manual

U S E R G U I D E  
FortiOS v3.0 MR7  
User Authentication User Guide  
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Contents  
Contents  
FortiGate authentication servers.................................................... 15  
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Contents  
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Introduction  
About authentication  
Introduction  
This section introduces you to the authentication process from the user and the  
administrators perspective, and provides supplementary information about  
Fortinet publications.  
Note: This document does not describe certificate-based VPN authentication. For  
information about this type of authentication, see the FortiGate IPSec VPN Guide and the  
The following topics are covered in this section:  
About authentication  
Computer networks have, for the most part, improved worker efficiency and  
helped a company’s bottom line. Along with these benefits, the need has arisen  
for workers to be able to remotely access their corporate network, with  
appropriate security measures in place. In general terms, authentication is the  
process of attempting to verify the (digital) identity of the sender of a  
communication such as a log in request. The sender may be someone using a  
computer, the computer itself, or a computer program. A computer system should  
only be used by those who are authorized to do so, therefore there must be a  
measure in place to detect and exclude any unauthorized access.  
On a FortiGate unit, you can control access to network resources by defining lists  
of authorized users, called user groups. To use a particular resource, such as a  
network or a VPN tunnel, the user must:  
belong to one of the user groups that is allowed access  
correctly enter a user name and password to prove his or her identity, if asked  
to do so  
This process is called authentication.  
You can configure authentication for:  
any firewall policy with Action set to ACCEPT  
SSL VPNs  
PPTP and L2TP VPNs  
a dialup IPSec VPN set up as an XAUTH server (Phase 1)  
a dialup IPSec VPN that accepts user group authentication as a peer ID  
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User’s view of authentication  
Introduction  
User’s view of authentication  
The user sees a request for authentication when they try to access a protected  
resource. The way in which the request is presented to the user depends on the  
method of access to that resource.  
VPN authentication usually controls remote access to a private network.  
Web-based user authentication  
Firewall policies usually control browsing access to an external network that  
provides connection to the Internet. In this case, the FortiGate unit requests  
authentication through the web browser:  
The user types a user name and password and then selects Continue/Login. If the  
credentials are incorrect, the authentication screen is redisplayed with blank fields  
so that the user can try again. When the user enters valid credentials, they get  
access to the required resource. In some cases, if a user tries to authenticate  
several times without success, a message appears, such as: “Too many bad login  
attempts. Please try again in a few minutes.”  
Note: After a defined period of user inactivity (the authentication timeout, defined  
by the FortiGate administrator), the user access will expire. The default is 5  
minutes. To access the resource, the user will have to authenticate again.  
VPN client-based authentication  
VPNs provide remote clients with access to a private network for a variety of  
services that include web browsing, email, and file sharing. A client program such  
as FortiClient negotiates the connection to the VPN and manages the user  
authentication challenge from the FortiGate unit.  
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Introduction  
FortiGate administrator’s view of authentication  
FortiClient can store the user name and password for a VPN as part of the  
configuration for the VPN connection and pass them to the FortiGate unit as  
needed. Or, FortiClient can request the user name and password from the user  
when the FortiGate unit requests them.  
SSL VPN is a form of VPN that can be used with a standard Web browser. There  
are two modes of SSL VPN operation (supported in NAT/Route mode only):  
web-only mode, for thin remote clients equipped with a web-browser only  
tunnel mode, for remote computers that run a variety of client and server  
applications.  
Note: After a defined period of user inactivity on the VPN connection (the idle  
timeout, defined by the FortiGate administrator), the user access will expire. The  
default is 1500 seconds (25 minutes). To access the resource, the user will have  
to authenticate again.  
FortiGate administrator’s view of authentication  
Authentication is based on user groups. You configure authentication parameters  
for firewall policies and VPN tunnels to permit access only to members of  
particular user groups. A member of a user group can be:  
a user whose user name and password are stored on the FortiGate unit  
a user whose name is stored on the FortiGate unit and whose password is  
stored on a remote or external authentication server  
a remote or external authentication server with a database that contains the  
user name and password of each person who is permitted access  
1
2
If remote or external authentication is needed, configure the required servers.  
Configure local and peer (PKI) user identities (see “Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)  
authentication” on page 9). For each local user, you can choose whether the  
FortiGate unit or a remote authentication server verifies the password. Peer  
members can be included in user groups for use in firewall policies.  
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FortiGate administrator’s view of authentication  
Introduction  
3
4
Create user groups.  
Add local/peer user members to each user group as appropriate. You can also  
add an authentication server to a user group. In this case, all users in the server’s  
database can authenticate. You can only configure peer user groups through the  
CLI.  
Configure firewall policies and VPN tunnels that require authenticated access.  
Authentication servers  
The FortiGate unit can store user names and passwords and use them to  
authenticate users. In an enterprise environment, it might be more convenient to  
use the same system that provides authentication for local area network access,  
email and other services. Users who access the corporate network from home or  
while traveling could use the same user name and password that they use at the  
office.  
You can configure the FortiGate unit to work with remote or external authentication  
servers in two different ways:  
Add the authentication server to a user group.  
Anyone in the server’s database is a member of the user group. This is a  
simple way to provide access to the corporate VPN for all employees, for  
example. You do not need to configure individual users on the FortiGate unit.  
or  
Specify the authentication server instead of a password when you configure  
the individual user identity on the FortiGate unit.  
The user name must exist on both the FortiGate unit and authentication server.  
User names that exist only on the authentication server cannot authenticate on  
the FortiGate unit. This method enables you to provide access only to selected  
employees, for example.  
Note: You cannot combine these two uses of an authentication server in the same user  
group. If you add the server to the user group, adding individual users with authentication to  
that server is redundant.  
If you want to use remote or external authentication servers, you must configure  
them before you configure users and user groups. See “RADIUS servers” on  
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Introduction  
FortiGate administrator’s view of authentication  
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) authentication  
A Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a comprehensive system of policies,  
processes, and technologies working together to enable users of the Internet to  
exchange information in a secure and confidential manner. PKIs are based on the  
use of cryptography - the scrambling of information by a mathematical formula  
and a virtual key so that it can only be decoded by an authorized party using a  
related key. The public and private cryptographic key pair is obtained and shared  
through a trusted authority. The public key infrastructure enables the creation of a  
digital certificate that can identify an individual or organization, and directory  
services that can store and also revoke the certificates.  
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) authentication utilizes a certificate authentication  
library that takes a list of ‘peers’, ‘peer’ groups, and/or user groups and returns  
authentication ‘successful’ or ‘denied’ notifications. Users only need a valid  
certificate for successful authentication - no username or password are  
necessary.  
Peers  
Users  
A peer is a user that is a digital certificate holder used in PKI authentication. To  
use PKI authentication, you must define peers to include in the authentication  
user group. See “Users/peers” on page 33.  
Although it is simpler to define passwords locally, when there are many users the  
administrative effort to maintain the database is considerable. Users cannot  
change their own passwords on the FortiGate unit. When a remote or external  
remote authentication server is part of an enterprise network authentication  
system, users can change their own passwords. See “Users/peers” on page 33.  
Note: Frequent changing of passwords is a good security practice.  
User groups  
A user group can contain individual users/peers and authentication servers. A  
user/peer or authentication server can belong to more than one group.  
Authentication is group-based. Firewall policies can allow multiple groups access,  
but authentication for a VPN allows access to only one group. These  
considerations affect how you define the groups for your organization. Usually you  
need a user group for each VPN. For firewall policies, you can create user groups  
that reflect how you manage network privileges in your organization. For example,  
you might create a user group for each department or create user groups based  
on functions such as customer support or account management.  
You select a protection profile for each user group. Protection profiles determine  
the level of web filtering, antivirus protection, and spam filtering applied to traffic  
controlled by the firewall policy to which members of this user group authenticate.  
For more information about protection profiles, see the FortiGate Administration  
Guide.  
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About this document  
Introduction  
Authentication timeout  
An authenticated connection expires when it has been idle for a length of time that  
you specify. The authentication timeout value set in User > Authentication >  
Authentication applies to every user of the system. The choice of timeout  
duration is a balance between security and user convenience. The default is  
5 minutes. For information about setting the authentication timeout, see  
Firewall policies  
Access control is defined in the firewall policy that provides access to the network  
resource. For example, access to the Internet through the external interface from  
workstations on the internal network is made possible by an Internal to External  
firewall policy.  
Firewall policies apply web filtering, antivirus protection, and spam filtering to the  
traffic they control according to a protection profile. If the firewall policy requires  
authentication, the protection profile in the firewall policy is disabled. Instead, the  
protection profile is configured in the authenticating user group.  
For more information about firewall policies and protection profiles, see the  
Firewall chapters of the FortiGate Administration Guide.  
VPN tunnels  
When you configure a PPTP or L2TP VPN, you choose one user group to be  
permitted access. For IPSec VPNs, you can use authentication by user group or  
XAUTH authentication using an external authentication server as an alternative to  
authentication by peer ID. Access to SSL VPN applications is controlled through  
user groups. When the remote client connects to the FortiGate unit, the FortiGate  
unit authenticates the user based on user name, password, and authentication  
domain. Authentication for a VPN allows access to only one group.  
For more information about VPNs, see the FortiGate PPTP VPN User Guide,  
About this document  
This document explains how to configure authentication for firewall policies, PPTP,  
L2TP and SSL VPNs, and dialup IPSec VPNs, and contains the following  
chapters:  
Authentication servers contains procedures for configuring RADIUS, LDAP,  
and Microsoft Active Directory authentication servers.  
Users/peers and user groups contains procedures for defining users/peers and  
user groups.  
Configuring authenticated access contains procedures to set authentication  
timeouts, configure authentication in firewall policies, for PPTP, L2TP and SSL  
VPNs, and certain configurations of IPSec VPNs.  
Document conventions  
The following document conventions are used in this guide:  
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Introduction  
FortiGate documentation  
In the examples, private IP addresses are used for both private and public IP  
addresses.  
Notes and Cautions are used to provide important information:  
Note: Highlights useful additional information.  
Caution: Warns you about commands or procedures that could have unexpected or  
!
undesirable results including loss of data or damage to equipment.  
Typographic conventions  
FortiGate documentation uses the following typographical conventions:  
Convention  
Example  
Keyboard input  
Code examples  
In the Name field, type admin.  
config sys global  
set ips-open enable  
end  
CLI command syntax  
config firewall policy  
edit id_integer  
set http_retry_count <retry_integer>  
set natip <address_ipv4mask>  
end  
Document names  
File content  
FortiGate SSL VPN User Guide  
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Firewall  
Authentication</TITLE></HEAD>  
<BODY><H4>You must authenticate to use this  
service.</H4>  
Menu commands  
Program output  
Variables  
Go to VPN > SSL > Config.  
Welcome!  
<group_name>  
FortiGate documentation  
The most up-to-date publications and previous releases of Fortinet product  
documentation are available from the Fortinet Technical Documentation web site.  
The following FortiGate product documentation is available:  
FortiGate QuickStart Guide  
Provides basic information about connecting and installing a FortiGate unit.  
FortiGate Installation Guide  
Describes how to install a FortiGate unit. Includes a hardware reference,  
default configuration information, installation procedures, connection  
procedures, and basic configuration procedures. Choose the guide for your  
product model number.  
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Related documentation  
Introduction  
FortiGate Administration Guide  
Provides basic information about how to configure a FortiGate unit, including  
how to define FortiGate protection profiles and firewall policies; how to apply  
intrusion prevention, antivirus protection, web content filtering, and spam  
filtering; and how to configure a VPN.  
FortiGate online help  
Provides a context-sensitive and searchable version of the Administration  
Guide in HTML format. You can access online help from the web-based  
manager as you work.  
FortiGate CLI Reference  
Describes how to use the FortiGate CLI and contains a reference to all  
FortiGate CLI commands.  
Available exclusively from the Fortinet Knowledge Center, the FortiGate Log  
Message Reference describes the structure of FortiGate log messages and  
provides information about the log messages that are generated by FortiGate  
units.  
FortiGate High Availability User Guide  
Contains in-depth information about the FortiGate high availability feature and  
the FortiGate clustering protocol.  
FortiGate IPS User Guide  
Describes how to configure the FortiGate Intrusion Prevention System settings  
and how the FortiGate IPS deals with some common attacks.  
FortiGate IPSec VPN User Guide  
Provides step-by-step instructions for configuring IPSec VPNs using the web-  
based manager.  
FortiGate SSL VPN User Guide  
Compares FortiGate IPSec VPN and FortiGate SSL VPN technology, and  
describes how to configure web-only mode and tunnel-mode SSL VPN access  
for remote users through the web-based manager.  
FortiGate PPTP VPN User Guide  
Explains how to configure a PPTP VPN using the web-based manager.  
FortiGate Certificate Management User Guide  
Contains procedures for managing digital certificates including generating  
certificate requests, installing signed certificates, importing CA root certificates  
and certificate revocation lists, and backing up and restoring installed  
certificates and private keys.  
FortiGate VLANs and VDOMs User Guide  
Describes how to configure VLANs and VDOMS in both NAT/Route and  
Transparent mode. Includes detailed examples.  
Related documentation  
Additional information about Fortinet products is available from the following  
related documentation.  
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Introduction  
Related documentation  
FortiManager documentation  
FortiManager QuickStart Guide  
Explains how to install the FortiManager Console, set up the FortiManager  
Server, and configure basic settings.  
FortiManager System Administration Guide  
Describes how to use the FortiManager System to manage FortiGate devices.  
FortiManager System online help  
Provides a searchable version of the Administration Guide in HTML format.  
You can access online help from the FortiManager Console as you work.  
FortiClient documentation  
FortiClient Host Security User Guide  
Describes how to use FortiClient Host Security software to set up a VPN  
connection from your computer to remote networks, scan your computer for  
viruses, and restrict access to your computer and applications by setting up  
firewall policies.  
FortiClient Host Security online help  
Provides information and procedures for using and configuring the FortiClient  
software.  
FortiMail documentation  
FortiMail Administration Guide  
Describes how to install, configure, and manage a FortiMail unit in gateway  
mode and server mode, including how to configure the unit; create profiles and  
policies; configure antispam and antivirus filters; create user accounts; and set  
up logging and reporting.  
FortiMail online help  
Provides a searchable version of the Administration Guide in HTML format.  
You can access online help from the web-based manager as you work.  
FortiMail Web Mail Online Help  
Describes how to use the FortiMail web-based email client, including how to  
send and receive email; how to add, import, and export addresses; and how to  
configure message display preferences.  
FortiAnalyzer documentation  
FortiAnalyzer Administration Guide  
Describes how to install and configure a FortiAnalyzer unit to collect FortiGate  
and FortiMail log files. It also describes how to view FortiGate and FortiMail log  
files, generate and view log reports, and use the FortiAnalyzer unit as a NAS  
server.  
FortiAnalyzer online help  
Provides a searchable version of the Administration Guide in HTML format.  
You can access online help from the web-based manager as you work.  
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Customer service and technical support  
Introduction  
Fortinet Tools and Documentation CD  
Technical Documentation web site.  
Fortinet Knowledge Center  
Additional Fortinet technical documentation is available from the Fortinet  
Knowledge Center. The knowledge center contains troubleshooting and how-to  
articles, FAQs, technical notes, and more.  
Comments on Fortinet technical documentation  
Please send information about any errors or omissions in this document, or any  
Fortinet technical documentation, to [email protected].  
Customer service and technical support  
Fortinet Technical Support provides services designed to make sure that your  
Fortinet systems install quickly, configure easily, and operate reliably in your  
network.  
Please visit the Fortinet Technical Support to learn about the technical support  
services that Fortinet provides.  
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Authentication servers  
RADIUS servers  
Authentication servers  
FortiGate units support the use of authentication servers. If you are going to use  
FortiGate authentication servers, you must configure the servers before you  
configure FortiGate users or user groups that require them. An authentication  
server can provide password checking for selected FortiGate users or it can be  
added as a member of a FortiGate user group.  
This section describes:  
RADIUS servers  
Remote Authentication and Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) servers provide  
authentication, authorization, and accounting functions. FortiGate units use the  
authentication and accounting functions of the RADIUS server.  
Your RADIUS server listens on either port 1812 or port 1645 for authentication  
requests. You must configure it to accept the FortiGate unit as a client.  
The RADIUS server user database can be any combination of:  
user names and passwords defined in a configuration file  
an SQL database  
user account names and passwords configured on the computer where the  
RADIUS server is installed.  
The RADIUS server uses a “shared secret” key to encrypt information passed  
between it and clients such as the FortiGate unit.  
The FortiGate units send the following RADIUS attributes in the accounting  
start/stop messages:  
1. Acct-Session-ID  
2. User Name  
3. NAS-Identifier (FGT hostname)  
4. Framed-IP-Address (IP address assigned to the client)  
5. Fortinet-VSA (IP address client is connecting from)  
6. Acct-Input-Octets  
7. Acct-Output-Octets  
Table 1 describes the supported authentication events and the RADIUS attributes  
that are sent in the RADIUS accounting message.  
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RADIUS servers  
Authentication servers  
Table 1: RADIUS attributes sent in RADIUS accounting message  
ATTRIBUTE  
AUTHENTICATION METHOD  
Web  
1
X
X
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
X
X
3
4
5
X
X
X
X
X
6
7
X
X
X
X
X
XAuth of IPSec (without DHCP)  
XAuth of IPSec (with DHCP)  
PPTP/L2TP (in PPP)  
SSL-VPN  
X
X
X
X
In order to support vendor-specific attributes (VSA), the RADIUS server requires a  
dictionary to define what the VSAs are.  
Fortinet’s dictionary is configured this way:  
##  
Fortinet’s VSA’s  
#
VENDOR fortinet 12356  
BEGIN-VENDOR fortinet  
ATTRIBUTE Fortinet-Group-Name 1 string  
ATTRIBUTE Fortinet-Client-IP-Address 2 ipaddr  
ATTRIBUTE Fortinet-Vdom-Name 3 string  
#
# Integer Translations  
#
END-VENDOR Fortinet  
See the documentation provided with your RADIUS server for configuration  
details.  
Configuring the FortiGate unit to use a RADIUS server  
To configure the FortiGate unit to use a RADIUS server, you need to know the  
server’s domain name or IP address and its shared secret key. You will select the  
authentication protocol. The maximum number of remote RADIUS servers that  
can be configured for authentication is 10.  
On the FortiGate unit, the default port for RADIUS traffic is 1812. If your RADIUS  
server is using port 1645, you can either:  
Reconfigure the RADIUS server to use port 1812. See your RADIUS server  
documentation for more information.  
or  
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Authentication servers  
RADIUS servers  
Change the FortiGate unit default RADIUS port to 1645 using the CLI:  
config system global  
set radius_port 1645  
end  
To configure the FortiGate unit for RADIUS authentication - web-based  
manager  
1
2
Go to User > Remote > RADIUS and select Create New.  
Enter the following information, and select OK.  
Figure 1: Configure FortiGate unit for RADIUS authentication  
Name  
Enter the name that is used to identify the RADIUS server  
on the FortiGate unit.  
Primary Server Name/IP  
Primary Server Secret  
Enter the domain name or IP address of the primary  
RADIUS server.  
Enter the RADIUS server secret key for the primary  
RADIUS server.  
Secondary Server Name/IP Enter the domain name or IP address of the secondary  
RADIUS server, if you have one.  
Secondary Server Secret  
Authentication Scheme  
Enter the RADIUS server secret key for the secondary  
RADIUS server.  
Select Use Default Authentication Scheme to authenticate  
with the default method. The default authentication scheme  
uses PAP, MS-CHAP-V2, and CHAP, in that order.  
Select Specify Authentication Protocol to override the  
default authentication method, and choose the protocol  
from the list: MS-CHAP-V2, MS-CHAP, CHAP, or PAP,  
depending on what your RADIUS server needs.  
NAS IP/Called Station ID  
Enter the NAS IP address and Called Station ID (for more  
information about RADIUS Attribute 31, see  
RFC 2548 Microsoft Vendor-specific RADIUS Attributes). If  
you do not enter an IP address, the IP address that the  
FortiGate interface uses to communicate with the RADIUS  
server will be applied.  
Include in every User Group Select to have the RADIUS server automatically included in  
all user groups.  
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RADIUS servers  
Authentication servers  
To configure the FortiGate unit for RADIUS authentication - CLI  
config user radius  
edit <server_name>  
set all-usergroup {enable | disable }  
set auth-type <authentication_protocol>  
set nas-ip <nas_ip_called_id>  
set radius-port <radius_port_id>  
set secondary-server <secondary_ip_address>  
set secondary-secret <secondary_password>  
set server <primary_ip_address>  
set secret <primary_password>  
set use-group-for-profile <group_profile_select>  
set use-management-vdom <vdom_requests>  
end  
The use-group-for-profileand use-management-vdomcan only be  
added to RADIUS authentication requests via the CLI. You enable use-group-  
for-profileto use the RADIUS group attribute to select the firewall protection  
profile to apply. Enable use-management-vdomto use the management VDOM  
to send all RADIUS requests. For more information, refer to the FortiGate CLI  
To remove a RADIUS server from the FortiGate unit configuration - web-  
based manager  
Note: You cannot remove a RADIUS server that belongs to a user group. Remove it from  
the user group first.  
1
2
Go to User > Remote > RADIUS.  
Select the Delete icon beside the name of the RADIUS server that you want to  
remove.  
3
Select OK.  
Figure 2: Delete (remove) a RADIUS server  
Delete  
Edit  
Create New  
Name  
Add a new RADIUS server. The maximum number is 10.  
The name that identifies the RADIUS server on the FortiGate unit.  
Server Name/IP The domain name or IP address of the RADIUS server.  
Delete icon  
Delete (remove) a RADIUS server from the FortiGate configuration.  
You cannot remove a RADIUS server that has been added to a user  
group.  
Edit icon  
Edit a RADIUS server configuration.  
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Authentication servers  
LDAP servers  
To remove a RADIUS server from the FortiGate unit configuration - CLI  
config user radius  
delete <server_name>  
end  
LDAP servers  
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an Internet protocol used to  
maintain authentication data that may include departments, people, groups of  
people, passwords, email addresses, and printers. An LDAP consists of a data-  
representation scheme, a set of defined operations, and a request/response  
network.  
The scale of LDAP servers ranges from big public servers such as BigFoot and  
Infospace, to large organizational servers at universities and corporations, to  
small LDAP servers for workgroups. This document focuses on the institutional  
and workgroup applications of LDAP.  
A directory is a set of objects with similar attributes organized in a logical and  
hierarchical way. Generally, an LDAP directory tree reflects geographic and/or  
organizational boundaries, with the Domain name system (DNS) names to  
structure the top level of the hierarchy. The common name identifier for most  
LDAP servers is cn, however some servers use other common name identifiers  
such as uid.  
If you have configured LDAP support and a user is required to authenticate using  
an LDAP server, the FortiGate unit contacts the LDAP server for authentication.  
To authenticate with the FortiGate unit, the user enters a user name and  
password. The FortiGate unit sends this user name and password to the LDAP  
server. If the LDAP server can authenticate the user, the user is successfully  
authenticated with the FortiGate unit. If the LDAP server cannot authenticate the  
user, the connection is refused by the FortiGate unit.  
Binding is the step where the LDAP server authenticates the user, and if the user  
is successfully authenticated, allows the user access to the LDAP server based  
on that user’s permissions.  
The FortiGate unit can be configured to use one of three types of binding:  
anonymous - bind using anonymous user search  
regular - bind using username/password and then search  
simple - bind using a simple password authentication without a search  
You can use simple authentication if the user records all fall under one dn. If the  
users are under more than one dn, use the anonymous or regular type, which can  
search the entire LDAP database for the required user name.  
If your LDAP server requires authentication to perform searches, use the regular  
type and provide values for username and password.  
The FortiGate unit supports LDAP protocol functionality defined in  
RFC 2251: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol v3, for looking up and validating  
user names and passwords. FortiGate LDAP supports all LDAP servers compliant  
with LDAP v3. In addition, FortiGate LDAP supports LDAP over SSL/TLS. To  
configure SSL/TLS authentication, refer to the FortiGate CLI Reference.  
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LDAP servers  
Authentication servers  
FortiGate LDAP does not support proprietary functionality, such as notification of  
password expiration, which is available from some LDAP servers. FortiGate LDAP  
does not supply information to the user about why authentication failed.  
To configure your FortiGate unit to work with an LDAP server, you need to  
understand the organization of the information on the server.  
The top of the hierarchy is the organization itself. Usually this is defined as  
Domain Component (DC), a DNS domain. If the name contains a dot, such as  
“example.com”, it is written as two parts: “dc=example,dc=com”.  
In this example, Common Name (CN) identifiers reside at the Organization Unit  
(OU) level, just below DC. The Distinguished Name (DN) is  
ou=People,dc=example,dc=com.  
In addition to the DN, the FortiGate unit needs an identifier for the individual  
person. Although the FortiGate unit GUI calls this the Common Name (CN), the  
identifier you use is not necessarily CN. On some servers, CN is the full name of a  
person. It might be more convenient to use the same identifier used on the local  
computer network. In this example, User ID (UID) is used.  
You need to determine the levels of the hierarchy from the top to the level that  
contains the identifier you want to use. This defines the DN that the FortiGate unit  
uses to search the LDAP database. Frequently used distinguished name  
elements include:  
pw (password)  
cn (common name)  
ou (organizational unit)  
o (organization)  
c (country)  
One way to test this is with a text-based LDAP client program. For example,  
OpenLDAP includes a client, ldapsearch, that you can use for this purpose.  
Enter the following command:  
ldapsearch -x '(objectclass=*)'  
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Authentication servers  
LDAP servers  
The output is lengthy, but the information you need is in the first few lines:  
version: 2  
#
# filter: (objectclass=*)  
# requesting: ALL  
#
dn: dc=example,dc=com  
dc: example  
objectClass: top  
objectClass: domain  
dn: ou=People,dc=example,dc=com  
ou: People  
objectClass: top  
objectClass: organizationalUnit  
...  
dn: uid=auser,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com  
uid: auser  
cn: Alex User  
Configuring the FortiGate unit to use an LDAP server  
After you determine the common name and distinguished name identifiers and the  
domain name or IP address of the LDAP server, you can configure the server on  
the FortiGate unit. The maximum number of remote LDAP servers that can be  
configured for authentication is 10.  
To configure the FortiGate unit for LDAP authentication - web-based  
manager  
1
2
Go to User > Remote > LDAP and select Create New.  
Enter the following information, and select OK.  
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LDAP servers  
Authentication servers  
Figure 3: Configure FortiGate unit for LDAP authentication  
Query Icon  
Name  
Enter the name that identifies the LDAP server on the FortiGate  
unit.  
Server Name/IP  
Server Port  
Enter the domain name or IP address of the LDAP server.  
Enter the TCP port used to communicate with the LDAP server.  
By default, LDAP uses port 389.  
If you use a secure LDAP server, the default port changes when  
you select Secure Connection.  
Common Name  
Identifier  
Enter the common name identifier for the LDAP server. The  
maximum number of characters is 20.  
Distinguished Name  
Enter the base distinguished name for the server using the  
correct X.500 or LDAP format. The FortiGate unit passes this  
distinguished name unchanged to the server. The maximum  
number of characters is 512.  
Query icon  
View the LDAP server Distinguished Name Query tree for the  
LDAP server that you are configuring so that you can cross-  
reference to the Distinguished Name.  
For more information, see the “Using the Query icon” on  
Bind Type  
Regular  
Select the type of binding for LDAP authentication.  
Connect to the LDAP server directly with user name/password,  
then receive accept or reject based on search of given values.  
Anonymous  
Connect as an anonymous user on the LDAP server, then  
retrieve the user name/password and compare them to given  
values.  
Simple  
Filter  
Connect directly to the LDAP server with user name/password  
authentication.  
Enter the filter to use for group searching. Available if Bind Type  
is Regular or Anonymous.  
User DN  
Enter the Distinguished name of the user to be authenticated.  
Available if Bind Type is Regular.  
Password  
Enter the password of the user to be authenticated. Available if  
Bind Type is Regular.  
Secure Connection  
Select to use a secure LDAP server connection for  
authentication.  
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Authentication servers  
LDAP servers  
Protocol  
Select a secure LDAP protocol to use for authentication.  
Depending on your selection, the value in Server Port will  
change to the default port for the selected protocol. Available  
only if Secure Connection is selected.  
LDAPS: port 636  
STARTTLS: port 389  
Certificate  
Select a certificate to use for authentication from the list. The  
certificate list comes from CA certificates at System >  
Certificates > CA Certificates.  
To configure the FortiGate unit for LDAP authentication - CLI  
config user ldap  
edit <server_name>  
set cnid <common_name_identifier>  
set dn <distinguished_name>  
set port <port_number>  
set server <domain>  
set type <auth_type>  
set username <ldap_username>  
set password <ldap_passwd>  
set group <group>  
set filter <group_filter>  
set secure <auth_port>  
set ca-cert <cert_name>  
end  
To remove an LDAP server from the FortiGate unit configuration -  
web-based manager  
Note: You cannot remove a LDAP server that belongs to a user group. Remove it from the  
user group first.  
1
2
Go to User > LDAP.  
Select the Delete icon beside the name of the LDAP server that you want to  
remove.  
3
Select OK.  
Figure 4: Delete LDAP server  
Delete  
Edit  
Create New  
Name  
Add a new LDAP server. The maximum number is 10.  
The name that identifies the LDAP server on the FortiGate unit.  
Server Name/IP The domain name or IP address of the LDAP server.  
Port The TCP port used to communicate with the LDAP server.  
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LDAP servers  
Authentication servers  
Common Name The common name identifier for the LDAP server. Most LDAP servers  
use cn. However, some servers use other common name identifiers  
such as uid.  
Identifier  
Distinguished  
Name  
The distinguished name used to look up entries on the LDAP servers  
use. The distinguished name reflects the hierarchy of LDAP database  
object classes above the common name identifier.  
Delete icon  
Edit icon  
Delete the LDAP server configuration.  
Edit the LDAP server configuration.  
To remove an LDAP server from the FortiGate unit configuration - CLI  
config user ldap  
delete <server_name>  
end  
Using the Query icon  
The LDAP Distinguished Name Query list displays the LDAP Server IP address,  
and all the distinguished names associated with the Common Name Identifier for  
the LDAP server. The tree helps you to determine the appropriate entry for the DN  
field. To see the distinguished name associated with the Common Name identifier,  
select the Expand icon next to the CN identifier. Select the DN from the list. The  
DN you select is displayed in the Distinguished Name field. Select OK and the  
Distinguished Name you selected will be saved in the Distinguished Name field of  
the LDAP Server configuration.  
To see the users within the LDAP Server user group for the selected Distinguished  
Name, expand the Distinguished Name in the LDAP Distinguished Name Query  
tree.  
Figure 5: LDAP server Distinguished Name Query tree  
Common Name Identifier (CN)  
Distinguished Name (DN)  
Expand Arrow  
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Authentication servers  
TACACS+ servers  
TACACS+ servers  
In recent years, remote network access has shifted from terminal access to LAN  
access. Users are now connecting to their corporate network (using notebooks or  
home PCs) with computers that utilize complete network connections. Remote  
node technology allows users the same level of access to the corporate network  
resources as they would have if they were physically in the office. When users  
connect to their corporate network remotely, they do so through a remote access  
server. As remote access technology has evolved, the need for network access  
security has become increasingly important.  
Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System (TACACS+) is a remote  
authentication protocol that provides access control for routers, network access  
servers, and other networked computing devices via one or more centralized  
servers. TACACS+ allows a client to accept a username and password and send  
a query to a TACACS+ authentication server. The server host determines whether  
to accept or deny the request and sends a response back that allows or denies  
network access to the user. The default TCP port for a TACACS+ server is 49.  
You can only change the default port of the TACACS+ server using the CLI.  
There are several different authentication protocols that TACACS+ can use during  
the authentication process:  
ASCII  
Machine-independent technique that uses representations of English  
characters. Requires user to type a user name and password that are sent in  
clear text (unencrypted) and matched with an entry in the user database stored  
in ASCII format.  
PAP (password authentication protocol)  
Used to authenticate PPP connections. Transmits passwords and other user  
information in clear text.  
CHAP (challenge-handshake authentication protocol)  
Provides the same functionality as PAP, but is more secure as it does not send  
the password and other user information over the network to the security  
server.  
MS-CHAP (Microsoft challenge-handshake authentication protocol v1)  
Microsoft-specific version of CHAP.  
The default protocol configuration, Auto, uses PAP, MS-CHAP, and CHAP, in that  
order.  
Configuring the FortiGate unit to use a TACACS+ authentication server  
The maximum number of remote TACACS+ servers that can be configured for  
authentication is 10.  
To configure the FortiGate unit for TACACS+ authentication - web-based  
manager  
1
2
Go to User > Remote > TACACS+ and select Create New.  
Enter the following information, and select OK.  
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TACACS+ servers  
Authentication servers  
Figure 6: TACACS+ server configuration  
Name  
Enter the name of the TACACS+ server.  
Server Name/IP  
Enter the server domain name or IP address of the TACACS+  
server.  
Server Key  
Enter the key to access the TACACS+ server.  
Authentication Type Select the authentication type to use for the TACACS+ server.  
Selection includes: Auto, ASCII, PAP, CHAP, and MSCHAP. Auto  
authenticates using PAP, MSCHAP, and CHAP (in that order).  
To configure the FortiGate unit for TACACS+ authentication - CLI  
config user tacacs+  
edit <server_name>  
set auth-type {ascii | auto | chap | ms_chap | pap}  
set key <server_key>  
set tacacs+-port <tacacs+_port_num>  
set server <domain>  
end  
To remove a TACACS+ server from the FortiGate unit configuration -  
web-based manager  
Note: You cannot remove a TACACS+ server that belongs to a user group. Remove it from  
the user group first.  
1
2
Go to User > TACACS+.  
Select the Delete icon beside the name of the TACACS+ server that you want to  
remove.  
3
Select OK.  
Figure 7: Delete TACACS+ server  
Edit  
Delete  
Create New  
Server  
Add a new TACACS+ server. The maximum number is 10.  
The server domain name or IP address of the TACACS+ server.  
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Directory Service servers  
Authentication Type The supported authentication method. TACACS+ authentication  
methods include: Auto, ASCII, PAP, CHAP, and MSCHAP.  
Delete icon  
Edit icon  
Delete this TACACS+ server.  
Edit this TACACS+ server.  
To remove a TACACS+ server from the FortiGate unit configuration - CLI  
config user tacacs+  
delete <server_name>  
end  
Directory Service servers  
Windows Active Directory (AD) and Novell edirectory provide central  
authentication services by storing information about network resources across a  
domain (a logical group of computers running versions of an operating system) in  
a central directory database. On networks that use Directory Service servers for  
authentication, FortiGate units can transparently authenticate users without  
asking them for their user name and password. Each person who uses computers  
within a domain receives his or her own unique account/user name. This account  
can be assigned access to resources within the domain. In a domain, the directory  
resides on computers that are configured as domain controllers. A domain  
controller is a server that manages all security-related features that affect the  
user/domain interactions, security centralization, and administrative functions.  
FortiGate units use firewall policies to control access to resources based on user  
groups configured in the policies. Each FortiGate user group is associated with  
one or more Directory Service user groups. When a user logs in to the Windows  
or Novell domain, a Fortinet Server Authentication Extension (FSAE) sends the  
FortiGate unit the user’s IP address and the names of the Directory Service user  
groups to which the user belongs.  
The FSAE has two components that you must install on your network:  
The domain controller (DC) agent must be installed on every domain controller  
to monitor user logons and send information about them to the collector agent.  
The collector agent must be installed on at least one domain controller to send  
the information received from the DC agents to the FortiGate unit.  
The FortiGate unit uses this information to maintain a copy of the domain  
controller user group database. Because the domain controller authenticates  
users, the FortiGate unit does not perform authentication. It recognizes group  
members by their IP address.  
You must install the Fortinet Server Authentication Extensions (FSAE) on the  
network domain controllers, and configure the FortiGate unit to retrieve  
information from the Directory Service server.  
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Directory Service servers  
Authentication servers  
To view the list of Directory Service servers, go to User > Directory Service.  
Figure 8: Example Directory Service server list  
Delete  
Edit User/Group  
Server  
Edit  
Expand Arrow (Directory Service server)  
Domain and groups  
Add User/Group  
Create New  
Name  
Add a new Directory Service server.  
You can select the Expand arrow beside the server/domain/group  
name to display Directory Service domain and group information.  
Server  
The name defined for the Directory Service  
server.  
Domain  
Groups  
Domain name imported from the Directory  
Service server.  
The group names imported from the Directory  
Service server.  
FSAE Collector IP  
The IP addresses and TCP ports of up to five FSAE collector  
agents that send Directory Service server login information to the  
FortiGate unit.  
Delete icon  
Edit icon  
Delete this Directory Service server.  
Edit this Directory Service server.  
Add User/Group  
Add a user or group to the list. You must know the distinguished  
name for the user or group.  
Edit Users/Group  
Select users and groups to add to the list.  
Configuring the FortiGate unit to use a Directory Service server  
You need to configure the FortiGate unit to access at least one FSAE collector  
agent. You can specify up to five Directory Service servers on which you have  
installed a collector agent. If it is necessary for your FSAE collector agent to  
require authenticated access, you enter a password for the server. The server  
name appears in the list of Directory Service servers when you create user  
groups. You can also retrieve information directly through an LDAP server instead  
of through the FSAE agent.  
Note: You can create a redundant configuration on your FortiGate unit if you install a  
collector agent on two or more domain controllers. If the current collector agent fails, the  
FortiGate unit switches to the next one in its list of up to five collector agents.  
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Authentication servers  
Directory Service servers  
For more information about FSAE, see the FSAE Technical Note.  
To configure the FortiGate unit for Directory Service authentication -  
web-based manager  
1
2
Go to User > Directory Service and select Create New.  
Enter the following information, and select OK.  
Figure 9: Directory Service server configuration  
Name  
Enter the name of the Directory Service server. This name appears in  
the list of Directory Service servers when you create user groups.  
FSAE Collector Enter the IP address or name of the Directory Service server where  
this collector agent is installed. The maximum number of characters is  
63.  
IP/Name  
Port  
Enter the TCP port used for Directory Service. This must be the same  
as the FortiGate listening port specified in the FSAE collector agent  
configuration.  
Password  
Enter the password for the collector agent. This is required only if you  
configured your FSAE collector agent to require authenticated access.  
LDAP Server  
Select the check box and select an LDAP server to access the  
Directory Service.  
For information about Directory Service user groups, see “Configuring Directory  
To configure the FortiGate unit for Directory Service authentication - CLI  
config user fsae  
edit <server_name>  
set ldap-server <ldap_server_name>  
set password <password> password2 <password2>  
password3 <password3> password4 <password4> password5  
<password5>  
set port <port_number> port2 <port_number2> port3  
<port_number3> port4 <port_number4> port5  
<port_number5>  
set server <domain> server2 <domain2> server3  
<domain3> server4 <domain4> server5 <domain5>  
end  
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Directory Service servers  
Authentication servers  
To remove a Directory Service server from the FortiGate unit configuration -  
web-based manager  
Note: You cannot remove a Directory Service server that belongs to a user group. Remove  
it from the user group first.  
1
2
Go to User > Directory Service.  
Select the Delete icon beside the name of the Directory Service server that you  
want to remove.  
3
Select OK.  
Figure 10: Delete Directory Service server  
Delete  
Edit  
Edit User/Group  
Add User/Group  
Create New  
Name  
Add a new Directory Service server.  
The name defined for the Directory Service server.  
FSAE Collector IP  
The IP addresses and TCP ports of up to five FSAE collector  
agents that send Directory Service server login information to the  
FortiGate unit.  
Delete icon  
Edit icon  
Delete this Directory Service server.  
Edit this Directory Service server.  
Add User/Group  
Add a user or group to the list. You must know the distinguished  
name for the user or group.  
Edit Users/Group  
Select users and groups to add to the list.  
To remove a Directory Service server from the FortiGate unit configuration -  
CLI  
config user fsae  
delete <name>  
end  
To view the domain and group information that the FortiGate unit receives from  
the Directory Service servers, go to User > Directory Service and select the  
Expand arrow beside the server/domain/group name.  
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Authentication servers  
Directory Service servers  
Figure 11: Example Directory Service server list  
Delete  
Server  
Edit User/Group  
Edit  
Expand Arrow (Directory Service server)  
Domain and groups  
Add User/Group  
Create New  
Name  
Add a new Directory Service server.  
You can select the Expand arrow beside the server/domain/group  
name to display Directory Service domain and group information.  
Server  
The name defined for the Directory Service  
server.  
Domain  
Groups  
Domain name imported from the Directory  
Service server.  
The group names imported from the Directory  
Service server.  
FSAE Collector IP  
The IP addresses and TCP ports of up to five FSAE collector  
agents that send Directory Service server login information to the  
FortiGate unit.  
Delete icon  
Edit icon  
Delete this Directory Service server.  
Edit this Directory Service server.  
Add User/Group  
Add a user or group to the list. You must know the distinguished  
name for the user or group.  
Edit Users/Group  
Select users and groups to add to the list.  
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Directory Service servers  
Authentication servers  
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Users/peers and user groups  
Users/peers  
Users/peers and user groups  
FortiGate authentication controls system access by user group. First you  
configure users/peers, then you create user groups and add users/peers to them.  
Configure local user accounts. For each user, you can choose whether the  
password is verified by the FortiGate unit, by a RADIUS server, by an LDAP  
server, or by a TACACS+ server. See “Creating local users” on page 34.  
Configure your FortiGate unit to authenticate users by using your RADIUS,  
LDAP, or TACACS+ servers. See “Configuring the FortiGate unit to use a  
Configure access to the FortiGate unit if you use a Directory Service server for  
Configure for certificate-based authentication for administrative access  
(HTTPS web-based manager), IPSec, SSL-VPN, and web-based firewall  
authentication.  
For each network resource that requires authentication, you specify which user  
groups are permitted access to the network. There are three types of user groups:  
Firewall, Directory Service, and SSL VPN. See “Configuring user groups” on  
This section describes:  
Users/peers  
A user is a user/peer account configured on the FortiGate unit and/or on a remote  
or external authentication server. Users can access resources that require  
authentication only if they are members of an allowed user group.  
Table 2: How the FortiGate unit authenticates different types of users  
User type  
Authentication  
Local user with password  
The user name and password must match a user account  
stored on the FortiGate unit stored on the FortiGate unit.  
Local user with password  
The user name must match a user account stored on the  
stored on an authentication FortiGate unit and the user name and password must  
server  
match a user account stored on the authentication server  
associated with that user.  
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Users/peers  
Users/peers and user groups  
User type  
Authentication  
Authentication server user  
Any user with an identity on the authentication server can  
authenticate on the FortiGate unit by providing a user name  
and password that match a user identity stored on the  
authentication server.  
Peer user with certificate  
authentication  
A peer user is a digital certificate holder that authenticates  
using a client certificate.  
This section describes how to configure local users and peer users. For  
information about configuration of authentication servers see “Authentication  
Creating local users  
To define a local user you need:  
a user name  
a password or the name of an authentication server that has been configured  
on the FortiGate unit  
If the user is authenticated remotely or externally, the user name on the FortiGate  
unit must be identical to the user name on the authentication server.  
To create a local user - web-based manager  
Go to User > Local.  
1
2
3
4
Select Create New.  
Enter the user name.  
Do one of the following:  
To authenticate this user locally, select Password and type a password.  
To authenticate this user using an LDAP server, select LDAP and select the  
server name.  
To authenticate this user using a RADIUS server, select RADIUS and select  
the server name.  
If you want to use an authentication server, you must configure access to it first.  
5
Select OK.  
Figure 12: Create new local user  
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Users/peers and user groups  
Users/peers  
User Name  
Disable  
Type or edit the user name.  
Select Disable to prevent this user from authenticating.  
Password  
Select Password to authenticate this user using a password stored on  
the FortiGate unit.  
Type or edit the password. The password should be at least six  
characters long.  
LDAP  
Select LDAP to authenticate this user using a password stored on an  
LDAP server. Select the LDAP server from the list.  
Note: You can only select an LDAP server that has been added to the  
FortiGate LDAP configuration.  
RADIUS  
TACACS+  
Select RADIUS to authenticate this user using a password stored on a  
RADIUS server. Select the RADIUS server from the list.  
Note: You can only select a RADIUS server that has been added to the  
FortiGate RADIUS configuration.  
Select TACACS+ to authenticate this user using a password stored on  
a TACACS+ server. Select the TACACS+ server from the list.  
Note: You can only select a TACACS+ server that has been added to  
the FortiGate TACACS+ configuration.  
To view a list of all local users, go to User > Local.  
Figure 13: Local user list  
Delete icon  
Edit icon  
Create New  
User Name  
Type  
Add a new local user account.  
The local user name.  
The authentication type to use for this user.  
Delete icon  
Delete the user.  
Note: The delete icon is not available if the user belongs to a user  
group.  
Edit icon  
Edit the user account.  
To create a local user - CLI  
config user local  
edit <user_name>  
set type password  
set passwd <user_password>  
end  
or  
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Users/peers  
Users/peers and user groups  
config user local  
edit <user_name>  
set type ldap  
set ldap_server <server_name>  
end  
or  
or  
config user local  
edit <user_name>  
set type radius  
set radius_server <server_name>  
end  
config user local  
edit <user_name>  
set type tacacs+  
set tacacs+_server <server_name>  
end  
To remove a user from the FortiGate unit configuration - web-based  
manager  
Note: You cannot remove a user that belongs to a user group that is part of a firewall policy.  
Remove it from the user group first.  
1
2
3
Go to User > Local.  
Select the Delete icon beside the name of the user that you want to remove.  
Select OK.  
Figure 14: Remove a Local user  
Delete icon  
To remove a user from the FortiGate unit configuration - CLI  
config user local  
delete <user_name>  
end  
Creating peer users  
A peer user is a digital certificate holder that can use PKI authentication. To use  
PKI authentication, you must define peers to include in the authentication user  
group that is incorporated in the authentication policy. Peer users can be included  
in a firewall or SSL VPN user group.  
To define a peer user you need:  
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Users/peers and user groups  
Users/peers  
a peer user name  
the text from the subject field of the certificate of the authenticating peer user,  
or the CA certificate used to authenticate the peer user. You can configure a  
peer user with no values for the subject and certificate fields. This user  
behaves like a user account or policy that is disabled.  
Note: If you create a PKI user in the CLI with no values in subjector ca, you will not be  
able to open the user record in the GUI, or you will be prompted to add a value in Subject  
(subject) or CA (ca).  
To create a peer user for PKI authentication - web-based manager  
Go to User > PKI.  
1
2
Select Create New, enter the following information, and select OK.  
Figure 15: PKI peer user configuration  
Note: Even though Subject and CA are optional fields, one of them must be set.  
Name  
Enter the name of the PKI peer user. This field is mandatory.  
Subject  
Enter the text string that appears in the subject field of the  
certificate of the authenticating peer user. This field is optional.  
CA  
Enter the CA certificate that must be used to authenticate this peer  
user. This field is optional.  
To view a list of PKI peer users, go to User > PKI.  
Figure 16: PKI peer user list  
Create New  
User Name  
Subject  
Add a new PKI peer user.  
The name of the PKI peer user.  
The text string that appears in the subject field of the certificate of  
the authenticating peer user.  
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Users/peers  
Users/peers and user groups  
Delete icon  
Edit icon  
Delete this PKI peer user. Note: The delete icon is not available if  
the peer user belongs to a user group.  
Edit this PKI peer user.  
To create a peer user for PKI authentication - CLI  
config user peer  
edit <peer name>  
set subject <subject_string>  
set ca <ca_cert_string>  
end  
To remove a PKI peer user from the FortiGate unit configuration - web-based  
manager  
1
2
Go to User > PKI.  
Select the Delete icon beside the name of the PKI peer user that you want to  
remove.  
3
Select OK.  
Figure 17: Remove PKI peer user  
To remove a PKI peer user from the FortiGate unit configuration - CLI  
config user peer  
delete <peer_name>  
end  
Note: You cannot remove a peer user that belongs to a user group that is part of a firewall  
policy. Remove it from the user group first.  
There are other configuration settings that can be added/modified for PKI  
authentication, for example, you can configure the use of an LDAP server to  
check access rights for client certificates. For information about the detailed PKI  
configuration settings only available through the CLI, see the FortiGate CLI  
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Users/peers and user groups  
User groups  
User groups  
A user group is a list of user/peer identities. An identity can be:  
a local user account (user name/password) stored on the FortiGate unit  
a local user account with the password stored on a RADIUS, LDAP, or  
TACACS+ server  
a peer user account with digital client authentication certificate stored on the  
FortiGate unit  
a RADIUS, LDAP, or TACACS+ server (all identities on the server can  
authenticate)  
a user group defined on a Directory Service server.  
Firewall policies and some types of VPN configurations allow access to user  
groups, not to individual users.  
Each user group belongs to one of three types: Firewall, Directory Service or  
SSL VPN. For information about each type, see “Firewall user groups” on  
on page 40. For information on configuring each type of user group, see  
In most cases, the FortiGate unit authenticates users by requesting their user  
name and password. The FortiGate unit checks local user accounts first. If a  
match is not found, the FortiGate unit checks the RADIUS, LDAP, or TACACS+  
servers that belong to the user group. Authentication succeeds when a matching  
user name and password are found.  
Firewall user groups  
A firewall user group provides access to a firewall policy that requires  
authentication and lists the user group as one of the allowed groups. The  
FortiGate unit requests the group member’s user name and password when the  
user attempts to access the resource that the policy protects.  
You can also authenticate a user by certificate if you have selected this method.  
For more information, see “Adding authentication to firewall policies” on page 286.  
A firewall user group can also provide access to an IPSec VPN for dialup users. In  
this case, the IPSec VPN phase 1 configuration uses the Accept peer ID in dialup  
group peer option. The user’s VPN client is configured with the user name as peer  
ID and the password as pre-shared key. The user can connect successfully to the  
IPSec VPN only if the user name is a member of the allowed user group and the  
password matches the one stored on the FortiGate unit.  
Note: A user group cannot be a dialup group if any member is authenticated using a  
RADIUS or LDAP server.  
Directory Service user groups  
On a network, you can configure the FortiGate unit to allow access to members of  
Directory Service server user groups who have been authenticated on the  
network. The Fortinet Server Authentication Extensions (FSAE) must be installed  
on the network domain controllers.  
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User groups  
Users/peers and user groups  
Note: You cannot use Directory Service user groups directly in FortiGate firewall policies.  
You must add Directory Service groups to FortiGate user groups. A Directory Service group  
should belong to only one FortiGate user group. If you assign it to multiple FortiGate user  
groups, the FortiGate unit recognizes only the last user group assignment.  
For a Directory Service user group, the Directory Service server authenticates  
users when they log on to the network. The FortiGate unit receives the user’s  
name and IP address from the FSAE collector agent. For more information about  
FSAE, see the FSAE Technical Note.  
A Directory Service user group provides access to a firewall policy that requires  
Directory Service type authentication and lists the user group as one of the  
allowed groups. The members of the user group are Directory Service users or  
groups that you select from a list that the FortiGate unit receives from the  
Directory Service servers that you have configured. See “Directory Service  
Note: A Directory Service user group cannot have SSL VPN access.  
For more information about users and user groups, see the FortiGate  
SSL VPN user groups  
An SSL VPN user group provides access to a firewall policy that requires  
SSL VPN type authentication and lists the user group as one of the allowed  
groups. Local user accounts, LDAP, and RADIUS servers can be members of an  
SSL VPN user group. The FortiGate unit requests the user’s user name and  
password when the user accesses the SSL VPN web portal. The user group  
settings include options for SSL VPN features.  
An SSL VPN user group can also provide access to an IPSec VPN for dialup  
users. In this case, the IPSec VPN phase 1 configuration uses the Accept peer ID  
in dialup group peer option. You configure the user’s VPN client with the user  
name as peer ID and the password as pre-shared key. The user can connect  
successfully to the IPSec VPN only if the user name is a member of the allowed  
user group and the password matches the one stored on the FortiGate unit.  
Protection profiles  
Note: A user group cannot be an IPSec dialup group if any member is authenticated using  
a RADIUS or LDAP server.  
Each user group is associated with a protection profile to determine the antivirus,  
web filtering, spam filtering, logging, and intrusion protection settings that apply to  
the authenticated connection. The FortiGate unit contains several pre-configured  
protection profiles and you can create your own as needed.  
When you create or modify any firewall policy, you can select a protection profile.  
If the firewall policy requires authentication, its own protection profile is disabled  
and the authentication user group protection profile applies.  
Note: Protection profiles do not apply to VPN connections.  
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Users/peers and user groups  
User groups  
For more information about protection profiles, see the FortiGate Administration  
Guide.  
Configuring user groups  
You create a user group by typing a name, selecting users and/or authentication  
servers, and selecting a protection profile.  
To create a Firewall user group - web-based manager  
Go to User > User Group.  
1
2
Select Create New and enter the following information:  
Figure 18: User group configuration - Firewall  
Right Arrow  
Left Arrow  
Expand Arrow  
Name  
Type or enter the name of the user group.  
Select the user group type:  
Type  
Firewall  
Select this group in any firewall policy that  
requires Firewall authentication.  
Directory Service Select this group in any firewall policy that  
requires Directory Service authentication.  
SSL VPN  
Select this group in any firewall policy with  
Action set to SSL VPN.  
Not available in Transparent mode.  
Protection Profile  
Available only if Type is Firewall or Directory Service.  
Select a protection profile for this user group from the list. To  
create a new protection profile, select Create New from this list.  
Enter the appropriate information and select OK.  
Available  
Users/Groups or  
Available Members*  
The list of Local users, RADIUS servers, LDAP servers,  
TACACS+ servers, Directory Service users/user groups, or PKI  
users that can be added to the user group. To add a member to  
this list, select the name and then select the Right Arrow.  
* Available Members if user group type is Directory Service.  
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User groups  
Users/peers and user groups  
Members  
The list of Local users, RADIUS servers, LDAP servers,  
TACACS+ servers, Directory Service users/user groups, or PKI  
users that belong to the user group. To remove a member, select  
the name and then select the Left Arrow.  
FortiGuard Web  
Available only if Type is Firewall or Directory Service.  
Filtering Override  
Select the Expand Arrow to configure Web Filtering override  
capabilities for this group.  
3
Select OK.  
To create a firewall user group - CLI  
config user group  
edit <group_name>  
set group-type <grp_type>  
set member <user1> <user2> ... <usern>  
set profile <profile_name>  
end  
For more specific user group CLI commands, see the Fortinet CLI Guide.  
Configuring Directory Service user groups  
On a network, you can configure the FortiGate unit to allow access to members of  
Directory Service server user groups who have been authenticated on the  
network. The Fortinet Server Authentication Extensions (FSAE) must be installed  
on the network domain controllers.  
Note: You cannot use Directory Service user groups directly in FortiGate firewall policies.  
You must add Directory Service groups to FortiGate user groups. A Directory Service group  
should belong to only one FortiGate user group. If you assign it to multiple FortiGate user  
groups, the FortiGate unit recognizes only the last user group assignment.  
A Directory Service user group provides access to a firewall policy that requires  
Directory Service type authentication and lists the user group as one of the  
allowed groups. The members of the user group are Directory Service users or  
groups that you select from a list that the FortiGate unit receives from the  
Directory Service servers that you have configured.  
Note: A Directory Service user group cannot have SSL VPN access.  
To create an Directory Service user group  
Go to User > User Group.  
1
2
Select Create New, enter the following information, and select OK.  
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Users/peers and user groups  
User groups  
Figure 19: User group configuration - Directory Service  
Right Arrow  
Left Arrow  
Expand Arrow  
Name  
Type  
Type or enter the name of the user group.  
Select the user group type:  
Firewall  
Select this group in any firewall policy that  
requires Firewall authentication.  
Directory Service Select this group in any firewall policy that  
requires Directory Service authentication.  
SSL VPN  
Select this group in any firewall policy with  
Action set to SSL VPN.  
Not available in Transparent mode.  
Protection Profile  
Available only if Type is Firewall or Directory Service.  
Select a protection profile for this user group from the list. To  
create a new protection profile, select Create New from this list.  
Enter the appropriate information and select OK.  
Available  
Users/Groups or  
Available Members*  
The list of Local users, RADIUS servers, LDAP servers,  
TACACS+ servers, Directory Service users/user groups, or PKI  
users that can be added to the user group. To add a member to  
this list, select the name and then select the Right Arrow.  
* Available Members if user group type is Directory Service.  
Members  
The list of Local users, RADIUS servers, LDAP servers,  
TACACS+ servers, Directory Service users/user groups, or PKI  
users that belong to the user group. To remove a member, select  
the name and then select the Left Arrow.  
FortiGuard Web  
Available only if Type is Firewall or Directory Service.  
Filtering Override  
Configure Web Filtering override capabilities for this group.  
SSL-VPN User Group Available only if Type is SSL VPN.  
Options  
Configuring SSL VPN user groups  
For detailed instructions about how to configure SSL VPN web-only mode or  
tunnel mode operation, see the FortiGate SSL VPN User Guide.  
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User groups  
Users/peers and user groups  
Configuring Peer user groups  
Peer user groups can only be configured using the CLI. Peers are digital  
certificate holders defined using the config user peercommand. You use the  
peer groups you define here in the config vpn ipsec phase1command if  
you specify peertypeas peergrp.  
For PKI user authentication, you can add or edit peer group member information.  
User groups that use PKI authentication can also be configured using config  
user group.  
To create a peer group - CLI  
config user peergrp  
edit groupname  
set member peer_name  
end  
This example shows how to add peers to the peergrp EU_branches.  
config user peergrp  
edit EU_branches  
set member Sophia_branch Valencia_branch Cardiff_branch  
end  
Viewing a list of user groups  
To view the list of FortiGate user groups, go to User > User Group.  
Figure 20: Example User group list  
Delete  
Edit  
Expand Arrow  
Create New  
Add a new user group.  
Group Name  
The name of the user group. User group names are listed by type of  
Members  
The Local users, RADIUS servers, LDAP servers, TACACS+ servers,  
Directory Service users/user groups or PKI users found in the user  
group.  
Protection Profile The protection profile associated with this user group.  
Delete icon  
Delete the user group.  
You cannot delete a user group that is included in a firewall policy, a  
dialup user phase 1 configuration, or a PPTP or L2TP configuration.  
Edit icon  
Edit the membership and options of the group.  
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Users/peers and user groups  
User groups  
To remove a user group from the FortiGate unit configuration - web-based  
manager  
1
2
Go to User > User Group.  
Select the Delete icon beside the name of the user group that you want to  
remove.  
3
Select OK.  
Figure 21: Remove user group  
Delete  
Edit  
Expand Arrow  
To remove a user group from the FortiGate unit configuration - CLI  
config user group  
delete <group_name>  
end  
Note: You cannot remove a user group that is part of a firewall policy. Remove it from the  
firewall policy first.  
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User groups  
Users/peers and user groups  
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Configuring authenticated access  
Authentication timeout  
Configuring authenticated access  
When you have configured authentication servers, users, and user groups, you  
are ready to configure firewall policies and certain types of VPNs to require user  
authentication.  
This section describes:  
Authentication timeout  
You set the firewall user authentication timeout (Authentication Timeout) to control  
how long an authenticated connection can be idle before the user must  
authenticate again. The maximum timeout is 480 minutes (8 hours). The default  
timeout is 5 minutes.  
To set the firewall authentication timeout  
Go to User > Authentication.  
1
2
Enter the Authentication Timeout value in minutes.  
The default authentication timeout is 5 minutes.  
Select Apply.  
3
You set the SSL VPN user authentication timeout (Idle Timeout) to control how  
long an authenticated connection can be idle before the user must authenticate  
again. The maximum timeout is 28800 seconds. The default timeout is 300  
seconds.  
To set the SSL VPN authentication timeout  
Go to VPN > SSL > Config.  
1
2
3
Enter the Idle Timeout value (seconds).  
Select Apply.  
Authentication protocols  
User authentication can be performed for the following protocols:  
HTTP  
HTTPS  
FTP  
Telnet  
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Firewall policy authentication  
Configuring authenticated access  
When user authentication is enabled on a firewall policy, the authentication  
challenge is normally issued for any of the four protocols (dependent on the  
connection protocol). By making selections in the Protocol Support list, the user  
controls which protocols support the authentication challenge. The user must  
connect with a supported protocol first so they can subsequently connect with  
other protocols. If you have selected HTTP, FTP, or Telnet, user name and  
password-based authentication occurs: the FortiGate unit prompts network users  
to input their firewall user name and password. If you have selected HTTPS,  
certificate-based authentication (HTTPS, or HTTP redirected to HTTPS only)  
occurs: you must install customized certificates on the FortiGate unit and on the  
browsers of network users.  
Note: If you do not install certificates on the network user’s web browser, the network users  
may see an SSL certificate warning message and have to manually accept the default  
FortiGate certificate. The network user’s web browser may deem the default certificate as  
invalid.  
Note: When you use certificate authentication, if you do not specify any certificate when  
you create the firewall policy, the global settings are used. If you specify a certificate, the  
per-policy setting will overwrite the global setting. For information about the use of  
certificate authentication, see the FortiGate Certificate Management User Guide.  
To set the authentication protocols  
1
2
3
Go to User > Authentication.  
In Protocol Support, select the required authentication protocols.  
If using HTTPS protocol support, in Certificate, select a Local certificate from the  
drop-down list.  
4
Click Apply.  
Figure 22: Authentication Settings  
Firewall policy authentication  
Firewall policies control traffic between FortiGate interfaces, both physical  
interfaces and VLAN subinterfaces. Without authentication, a firewall policy  
enables access from one network to another for all users on the source network.  
Authentication enables you to allow access only for users who are members of  
selected user groups.  
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Configuring authenticated access  
Firewall policy authentication  
The style of the authentication method varies by the authentication protocol. If you  
have selected HTTP, FTP or Telnet, user name and password-based  
authentication occurs: the FortiGate unit prompts network users to input their  
firewall user name and password. If you have selected HTTPS, certificate-based  
authentication (HTTPS or HTTP redirected to HTTPS only) occurs: you must  
install customized certificates on the FortiGate unit and on the browsers of  
network users, which the FortiGate unit matches.  
Note: You can only configure user authentication for firewall policies where Action is set to  
Accept.  
Configuring authentication for a firewall policy  
Authentication is an Advanced firewall option.  
Figure 23: Advanced Firewall policy options  
To configure authentication for a firewall policy  
1
Create users and one or more Firewall user groups.  
You must select Type: Firewall for the user group. For more information, see  
2
3
Go to Firewall > Policy.  
Select Create New (to create a new policy) or select the Edit icon (to edit an  
existing policy).  
4
5
From the Action list, select ACCEPT.  
Configure the other firewall policy parameters as appropriate.  
For information about firewall policies, see the Firewall chapter of the FortiGate  
Administration Guide.  
6
Select Authentication.  
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Firewall policy authentication  
Configuring authenticated access  
7
One at a time, select user group names from the Available Groups list and select  
the right-pointing arrow button to move them to the Allowed list. All members of  
the groups in the Allowed list will be authenticated with this firewall policy.  
8
9
To use a CA certificate for authentication, in Certificate, select the certificate to  
use from the drop-down list.  
To require the user to accept a disclaimer to connect to the destination, select  
User Authentication Disclaimer.  
The User Authentication Disclaimer replacement message is displayed. You can  
edit the User Authentication Disclaimer replacement message text by going to  
System > Config > Replacement Messages.  
10  
11  
Type a URL in Redirect URL if the user is to be redirected after they are  
authenticated or accept the disclaimer.  
Select OK.  
Firewall policy order  
The firewall policies that you create must be correctly placed in the policy list to be  
effective. The firewall evaluates a connection request by checking the policy list  
from the top down, looking for the first policy that matches the source and  
destination addresses of the packet. Keep these rules in mind:  
More specific policies must be placed above more general ones.  
Any policy that requires authentication must be placed above any similar policy  
that does not.  
If a user fails authentication, the firewall drops the request and does not check  
for a match with any of the remaining policies.  
If you create a policy that requires authentication for HTTP access to the  
Internet, you must precede this policy with a policy for unauthenticated access  
to the appropriate DNS server.  
To change the position of the DNS server in the policy list - web-based  
manager  
1
2
3
Go to Firewall > Policy.  
If necessary, expand the list to view your policies.  
Select the Move To icon beside the DNS policy you created.  
Figure 24: Firewall > Policy - Move To  
Move To  
Delete  
Edit  
Insert Policy before  
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Configuring authenticated access  
Firewall policy authentication  
The FortiGate unit performs authentication only on requests to access HTTP,  
HTTPS, FTP, and Telnet. Once the user is authenticated, the user can access  
other services if the firewall policy permits.  
4
Select the position of the DNS policy so that it precedes the policy that provides  
access to the Internet.  
Figure 25: Move firewall policy position selection  
5
Select OK.  
Configuring authenticated access to the Internet  
A policy for accessing the Internet is similar to a policy for accessing a specific  
network, but the destination address is set to all. The destination interface is the  
one that connects to the Internet service provider. For general purpose Internet  
access, the Service is set to ANY.  
Access to HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and Telnet sites may require access to a domain  
name service. DNS requests do not trigger authentication. You must configure a  
policy to permit unauthenticated access to the appropriate DNS server, and this  
policy must precede the policy for Internet access.  
To configure a firewall policy for access to a DNS server - web-based  
manager  
1
2
Go to Firewall > Policy.  
Select Create New to create a new firewall policy, enter the following information,  
and select OK.  
Source Interface/  
Zone  
List of source interfaces available. Select the interface to which  
computers on your network are connected.  
Source Address  
List of source address names. Select all.  
Destination Interface/ List of destination interfaces available. Select the interface that  
connects to the Internet.  
Zone  
Destination Address List of destination address names. Select all.  
Schedule  
Service  
Action  
List of available schedules. Select always.  
List of available services. Select DNS.  
List of available authentication result actions. Select ACCEPT.  
Note: Position the DNS server in the firewall policy list according to the guidelines outlined  
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VPN authentication  
Configuring authenticated access  
VPN authentication  
All VPN configurations require users to authenticate. Authentication based on  
user groups applies to:  
SSL VPNs  
PPTP and L2TP VPNs  
an IPSec VPN that authenticates users using dialup groups  
a dialup IPSec VPN that uses XAUTH authentication (Phase 1)  
This document does not describe the use of certificates for VPN authentication.  
See the FortiGate IPSec VPN User Guide and the FortiGate Certificate  
Management User Guide for information on this type of authentication.  
You must create user accounts and user groups before performing the procedures  
in this section. If you create a user group for dialup IPSec clients or peers that  
have unique peer IDs, their user accounts must be stored locally on the FortiGate  
unit. You cannot authenticate these types of users using a RADIUS or LDAP  
server.  
Configuring authentication of SSL VPN users  
To configure authentication for an SSL VPN - web-based manager  
1
Configure the users who are permitted to use this VPN. Create a user group and  
add them to it.  
For more information, see “Users/peers and user groups” on page 33.  
Go to VPN > SSL.  
2
3
Select Enable SSL-VPN and enter information as follows:  
Figure 26: SSL VPN Settings  
Enable SSL VPN  
Tunnel IP Range  
Select to enable SSL VPN connections.  
Specify the range of IP addresses reserved for tunnel-  
mode SSL VPN clients. Type the starting and ending  
address that defines the range of reserved IP  
addresses.  
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Configuring authenticated access  
VPN authentication  
Server Certificate  
Select the signed server certificate to use for  
authentication purposes. If you leave the default setting  
(Self-Signed), the FortiGate unit offers its factory  
installed (self-signed) certificate from Fortinet to remote  
clients when they connect.  
Require Client Certificate  
Encryption Key Algorithm  
If you want to enable the use of group certificates for  
authenticating remote clients, select the check box.  
Afterward, when the remote client initiates a connection,  
the FortiGate unit prompts the client for its client-side  
certificate as part of the authentication process.  
Select the algorithm for creating a secure SSL  
connection between the remote client web browser and  
the FortiGate unit.  
Default - RC4(128  
bits) and higher  
If the web browser on the remote client can match a  
cipher suite greater than or equal to 128 bits, select this  
option.  
High - AES(128/256  
bits) and 3DES  
If the web browser on the remote client can match a high  
level of SSL encryption, select this option to enable  
cipher suites that use more than 128 bits to encrypt data.  
Low - RC4(64 bits),  
DES and higher  
If you are not sure which level of SSL encryption the  
remote client web browser supports, select this option to  
enable a cipher suite greater than or equal to 64 bits.  
Idle Timeout  
Type the period of time (in seconds) to control how long  
the connection can remain idle before the system forces  
the user to log in again. The range is from 10 to 28800  
seconds. You can also set the value to 0 to have no idle  
connection timeout. This setting applies to the SSL VPN  
session. The interface does not time out when web  
application sessions or tunnels are up.  
Portal Message  
If you want to display a custom caption at the top of the  
web portal home page, type the message.  
Advanced (DNS and WINS Servers)  
DNS Server #1  
DNS Server #2  
Enter up to two DNS Servers to be provided for the use  
of clients.  
WINS Server #1  
WINS Server #2  
Enter up to two WINS Servers to be provided for the use  
of clients.  
Apply  
Select to save and apply settings.  
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VPN authentication  
Configuring authenticated access  
To configure authentication for an SSL VPN - CLI  
config vpn ssl settings  
set algorithm  
set auth-timeout  
set dns-server1  
set dns-server2  
set idle-timeout  
set portal-heading  
set reqclientcert  
set route-source-interface  
set servercert  
set sslv2  
set sslv3  
set sslvpn-enable  
set tunnel-endip  
set tunnel-startip  
set url-obscuration  
set wins-server1  
set wins-server2  
end  
The tunnel-endipand tunnel-startipkeywords are required for tunnel-  
mode access only. All other keywords are optional.  
When you configure the timeout settings, if you set the authentication timeout  
(auth-timeout) to 0, then the remote client does not have to re-authenticate  
again unless they log out of the system. In order to fully take advantage of this  
setting, the value for idle-timeouthas to be set to 0 also, so the client does  
not timeout if the maximum idle time is reached. If the idle-timeoutis not set  
to the infinite value, the system will log out if it reaches the limit set, regardless of  
the auth-timeoutsetting.  
Strong authentication is a form of computer security in which the identities of  
networked users, clients, and servers are verified without transmitting passwords  
over the internet. To verify a user’s identity, strong authentication combines  
something the user knows (a user name and password) with something the user  
has (a client-side certificate). Strong authentication can be configured for SSL  
VPN user groups using X.509 (version 1 or 3) digital certificates.  
Configuring strong authentication of SSL VPN users/user groups  
You can use strong authentication to verify the identities of SSL VPN user group  
members. The accounts for individual users and user groups containing those  
users have to be created prior to configuring strong authentication, and a firewall  
encryption policy has to be created to permit access by that user group.To enable  
strong authentication for an SSL VPN user group:  
Obtain a signed group certificate from a CA and load the signed group  
certificate into the web browser used by each user. Follow the browser  
documentation to load the certificates.  
Install the root certificate and the CRL from the issuing CA on the FortiGate  
unit.  
Configure strong authentication for the group of users having a copy of the  
group certificate.  
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Configuring authenticated access  
VPN authentication  
Note: The SSL protocol requires that the FortiGate unit identify itself whenever a web  
browser accesses the web portal login page through an HTTPS link. If you would like to  
configure the FortiGate unit to identify itself using a CA-issued server certificate instead of  
the factory-installed self-signed certificate, select the name of the signed server certificate  
from the Server Certificate list on the SSL-VPN Settings page when you enable strong  
authentication for SSL VPN users. The server certificate must be installed before you can  
select it from the list. For more information about server certificates, see the FortiGate  
To enable strong authentication for an SSL VPN  
Go to VPN > SSL > Config.  
1
2
3
4
Select Require Client Certificate, and then select Apply.  
Go to Firewall > Policy.  
Select the Edit icon in the row that corresponds to the firewall policy for traffic  
generated by holders of the group certificate.  
5
6
Select SSL Client Certificate Restrictive.  
Select OK.  
For information about how to create user accounts and user groups, see the  
FortiGate Administration Guide. For detailed information about configuring SSL  
Configuring authentication of VPN peers and clients  
After the required server or group certificates and CA root certificates have been  
installed on the VPN peers and clients, the peers and clients identify themselves  
using those certificates when prompted by the FortiGate unit. The FortiGate unit  
provides its public key to the remote peer or client so that the remote peer or client  
can send encrypted messages to the FortiGate unit. Conversely, the remote peer  
or client provides its public key to the FortiGate unit, which uses the key to encrypt  
messages destined for the remote peer or client.  
Configuring authentication of PPTP VPN users/user groups  
To configure authentication for a PPTP VPN - web-based manager  
1
2
Configure the users who are permitted to use this VPN. Create a user group and  
add them to it.  
For more information, see “Users/peers and user groups” on page 33.  
Go to VPN > PPTP.  
Figure 27: PPTP VPN Range settings  
3
Select Enable PPTP.  
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VPN authentication  
Configuring authenticated access  
4
5
6
Enter Starting IP and Ending IP addresses. This defines the range of addresses  
assigned to VPN clients.  
Select the user group that is to have access to this VPN. The FortiGate unit  
authenticates members of this user group.  
Select Apply.  
To configure authentication for a PPTP VPN - CLI  
config vpn pptp  
set eip <starting_ip>  
set sip <ending_ip>  
set status enable  
set usrgrp <user_group_name>  
end  
You also need to define a firewall policy that permits packets to pass from VPN  
clients with addresses in the specified range to IP addresses that the VPN clients  
need to access on the private network behind the FortiGate unit. The Action for  
this firewall policy is ACCEPT, not ENCRYPT, because the allowed user group is  
defined in the PPTP VPN configuration, not in the firewall policy.  
For detailed information about configuring PPTP, see the FortiGate PPTP VPN  
Configuring authentication of L2TP VPN users/user groups  
Authentication of a FortiGate L2TP configuration must be done using the  
config vpn l2tpCLI command.  
To configure authentication for an L2TP VPN - CLI  
config vpn l2tp  
set eip <starting_ip>  
set sip <ending_ip>  
set status enable  
set usrgrp <user_group_name>  
end  
For more information, see the FortiGate CLI Reference.  
Configuring authentication of remote IPSec VPN users  
An IPSec VPN on a FortiGate unit can authenticate remote users through a dialup  
group. The user account name is the peer ID and the password is the pre-shared  
key. For information about authentication using peer IDs and peer groups, see the  
Authentication through user groups is supported for groups containing only local  
users. To authenticate users using a RADIUS or LDAP server, you must configure  
To configure user group authentication for dialup IPSec - web-based  
manager  
1
Configure the dialup users who are permitted to use this VPN. Create a user  
group with Type:Firewall and add them to it.  
For more information, see “Users/peers and user groups” on page 33.  
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Configuring authenticated access  
VPN authentication  
2
Go to VPN > IPSec > Auto Key (IKE), select Create Phase 1 and enter the  
following information.  
Figure 28: Configure VPN IPSec dialup authentication  
Name  
Name for group of dialup users using the VPN for authentication.  
Remote Gateway  
List of the types of remote gateways for VPN. Select Dialup User.  
Authentication  
Method  
List of authentication methods available for users. Select  
Preshared Key.  
Peer Options  
Selection of peer ID options available. Select the user group that  
is to be allowed access to the VPN. The listed user groups contain  
only users with passwords on the FortiGate unit.  
Note: The Accept peer ID in dialup group option does not support authentication of users  
through an authentication server.  
3
4
Select Advanced to reveal additional parameters and configure other VPN  
gateway parameters as needed.  
Select OK.  
To configure user group authentication for dialup IPSec - CLI  
config vpn ipsec phase1  
edit <gateway_name>  
set peertype dialup  
set usrgrp <user_group_name>  
end  
Note: Parameters specific to setting up the VPN itself are not shown here. For detailed  
information, see the FortiGate IPSec VPN User Guide.  
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VPN authentication  
Configuring authenticated access  
Configuring XAuth authentication  
Extended Authentication (XAuth) increases security by requiring additional user  
authentication in a separate exchange at the end of the VPN Phase 1 negotiation.  
The FortiGate unit challenges the user for a user name and password. It then  
forwards the user credentials to an external RADIUS or LDAP server for  
verification.  
XAuth can be used in addition to or in place of IPSec phase 1 peer options to  
provide access security through an LDAP or RADIUS authentication server. You  
must configure dialup users as members of a user group who are externally  
authenticated. None can have passwords stored on the FortiGate unit.  
To configure authentication for a dialup IPSec VPN - web-based manager  
1
2
Configure the users who are permitted to use this VPN. Create a user group and  
add them to it.  
For more information, see “Users/peers and user groups” on page 33.  
Go to VPN > IPSec > Auto Key (IKE), and enter the following information:  
Figure 29: IPSec configuration for dialup users  
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Configuring authenticated access  
VPN authentication  
Name  
Name for group of dialup users using the VPN for authentication  
through RADIUS or LDAP servers.  
Remote Gateway  
List of the types of remote gateways for VPN. Select Dialup User.  
Authentication  
Method  
List of authentication methods available for users. Select  
Preshared Key.  
3
Select Advanced to reveal additional parameters and enter the following  
information.  
XAuth  
Select Enable as Server.  
Server Type  
Select PAP, CHAP, or AUTO. Use CHAP whenever possible. Use  
PAP with all implementations of LDAP and with other  
authentication servers that do not support CHAP, including some  
implementations of Microsoft RADIUS. Use AUTO with the  
Fortinet Remote VPN Client and where the authentication server  
supports CHAP but the XAuth client does not.  
User Group  
List of available user groups. Select the user group that is to have  
access to the VPN. The list of user groups does not include any  
group that has members whose password is stored on the  
FortiGate unit.  
4
5
Configure other VPN gateway parameters as needed.  
Select OK.  
For more information about XAUTH configuration, see the  
To configure authentication for a dialup IPSec VPN - CLI  
config vpn ipsec phase1  
edit <gateway_name>  
set peertype dialup  
set xauthtype pap  
set authusrgrp <user_group_name>  
end  
Parameters specific to setting up the VPN itself are not shown here. For detailed  
information about configuring an IPSec VPN, see the  
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VPN authentication  
Configuring authenticated access  
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Index  
Index  
A
C
administrator  
certificate  
changing  
attributes  
authenticated access  
authenticating users  
common name  
configuring  
creating  
D
default port  
authentication protocols  
deleting  
dialup users  
authentication servers  
dictionary  
directory  
Directory Service  
B
binding  
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Index  
FortiGate administrator’s view  
Fortinet  
Directory Service user groups  
distinguished names  
DNS server  
documentation  
H
hierarchy  
domain component  
I
Idle timeout  
E
introduction  
elements  
enabling  
IP address range  
IPSec VPN  
F
firewall  
K
L
firewall policies  
firewall policy  
L2TP VPN  
LDAP  
FortiGate  
FortiGate administrator  
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Index  
list order  
local users  
removing  
RFC compliance  
M
N
rules  
P
peer user groups  
S
servers  
setting  
SSL VPN  
peers  
PKI authentication  
policy  
port  
PPTP VPN  
protocols  
Q
T
Query list  
R
RADIUS  
RADIUS servers  
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Index  
timeout  
tunnel mode  
V
U
viewing  
VPN  
user authentication  
VPN connection  
VPN tunnels  
VSA  
W
X
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