Nuclear Associates 07-453
Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer
Operators Manual
February 2005
Manual No. 07-453-1 Rev. 2
©2004, 2005 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies
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Table of Contents
Section 1:
1.1
General Information................................................................................... 1-1
Introduction.................................................................................................. 1-1
Description................................................................................................... 1-1
Specifications............................................................................................... 1-2
Battery Replacement ................................................................................... 1-2
1.2
1.3
1.4
Section 2:
2.1
Operation.................................................................................................... 2-1
General Instructions..................................................................................... 2-1
Oscilloscope Output..................................................................................... 2-2
2.2
i
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General Information
1
Introduction
Section 1
General Information
1.1 Introduction
The Model 07-453 Digital Pulse Counter measures exposure time for a wide variety of x-ray generators.
For half-wave x-rays such as dental machines, the instrument is always used in Pulse mode. The
instrument will display the number of pulses. For DC or 3-phase x-rays, the 07-453 is always used in
Millisec mode. After an exposure, the instrument will indicate the exposure time in milliseconds. For full-
wave x-rays, the operator may need to try both modes. For most full-wave x-rays, especially at low power
settings, the 07-453 should be used in Pulse mode. The unit will indicate the number of x-ray pulses.
Many full-wave x-ray waveforms have a DC component. In other words, the x-ray output does not drop to
zero between pulses. When this occurs, the 07-453 will read 1(one) when used in Pulse mode. The
output of a DC x-ray is actually one pulse, so the instrument is reading correctly. To measure the
exposure time, simply switch the instrument to Millisec and the instrument will time the x-ray in
milliseconds.
NOTE
It is important that the user be thoroughly familiar
with the contents of this manual before performing
any tests on radiation-generating equipment. It is
also imperative that the user be thoroughly
qualified, and familiar with safety precautions and
other practices relating to radiation generators.
1.2 Description
The Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer is used to measure the duration of radiation output produced by x-
ray generators. This solid-state, digital instrument is designed specifically to aid service personnel in
assessing the performance of radiation generator timing controls. The instrument is a noninvasive
instrument, which samples the radiation beam of x-rays.
The Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer can be used as follows:
1. To count the number of x-ray pulses produced by half-wave and full-wave rectified machines;
typically 60 pulses per second for half-wave rectified machines or 120 pulses per second for full-
wave. Dental x-ray machines are typically half-wave rectified.
2. To measure the length of radiation output when the x-ray output is steady-state such that “pulsing”
does not exist. X-rays that generate steady outputs include 3-phase AC medical x-ray machines,
capacitor discharge x-ray machines and DC operated x-rays.
3. To measure the “on time” or relay contact closure time by counting the number of pulses of AC line
voltage (65 to 130 VAC) via the front panel input jacks and test leads.
The Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer replaces not only mechanical impulse counters, but also other
electronic counters. Its small hand-held size allows it to conveniently fit in a small tool box/jacket pocket.
There is no “Reset” button. The Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer automatically resets at the beginning
of each exposure, holding the reading until the next exposure.
1-1
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Nuclear Associates 07-453
Operators Manual
The most convenient way of using the Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer is to place it directly under the
x-ray head. Step back, take the exposure and then read the exposure time in pulses or milliseconds. An
optional remote sensor is also available to allow use of the instrument at distances of up to 12 ft away
from the x-ray.
1.3 Specifications
Accuracy
AC Input: +/- 1 count
DC Input: 2% or +/- 1 count
X-ray Detection: +/- 1 count
AC Input: 65 VAC minimum
Sensitivity
Range
X-ray Input: 50 kVp, 5 mA at 2.0 in from top surface of case, pointed to target on
case
9999 pulses
9999 milliseconds
Display
0.4 in liquid crystal
Power
9 V battery; alkaline or equivalent
24 hours continuous; typically 6 months of normal use
130 V AC maximum
Battery Life
AC Input Jacks
65 V AC minimum
Input circuit not affected by reversed polarity
3-position switch: Pulse, Off, Milliseconds
4-digit liquid crystal display: 0.4 character
Controls/Indicators
Low battery indicator: “Low Batt” appears in display when battery voltage reaches
4.8 V 0.5 V
Power-On: LED (green)
Oscilloscope output
Connections
Dimensions
Weight
None required for direct exposure measurement
3.15 x 5.8 x 1.6 in (80 x 147 x 40 mm)
0.5 lbs/0.21 kg
Accessories
AC test leads with pluggable alligator clips
Remote X-Ray Sensor (Model 07-453-2000)
Carrying Case (Model 89-453)
Oscilloscope Leads (Model 88-453)
Optional
Accessories
1.4 Battery Replacement
The Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer is supplied with one 9 V alkaline battery. Replace the battery
when the “Lo Batt” indicator shows in the display. Long life alkaline batteries are available from Fluke
Biomedical. Any standard 9 V alkaline battery can be used in the Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer.
To replace the battery, slide open the battery compartment on the bottom of the case. Remove the old
battery, and install the new battery.
1-2
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Operation
General Instructions
2
Section 2
Operation
2.1 General Instructions
Switch Settings
The front panel selector/toggle switch on the Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer has three positions:
“OFF”, “PULSE” and “MILLISEC”. The switch is OFF when in the center position.
OFF
All power to the instrument is disconnected in the “OFF” position. Set the switch to “OFF” when not in
use, to conserve battery life. The center position is OFF.
PULSE
When the switch is moved to the “PULSE” position, the instrument will be used for measuring output
pulses from half-wave or full-wave rectified machines as well as AC line voltage pulses. Normally, each
full second of exposure will produce 60 pulses. An exposure of 2/10 second will read 12, for example.
MILLISEC
With the switch in the “MILLISEC” position, the instrument will measure the length of time that a DC or 3-
phase AC x-ray is on. The display reading will be in milliseconds; i.e., an exposure of 1 second will read
1000; an exposure of 2/10 second will read 200.
Connections
When reading directly from an x-ray head, no connections are made to the instrument. Point the x-ray
head at the “target” area of the instrument (near the lower left side of the instrument). Take an exposure
and read the time on the display in pulses or milliseconds.
Oscilloscope Output
A jack labeled “scope” located on the left side of the instrument is the oscilloscope output. It allows the
user to connect the instrument to an oscilloscope, so that x-ray waveform can be observed. This
connector takes a standard 2.5 mm mono phone plug.
Remote Sensor
To use the Remote Sensor (optional), connect the plug at the end of the remote sensor cable into the jack
labeled “remote” located on the left side of the Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer. Point the x-ray head at
the target on the Remote Sensor. Stretch the cable out and use as described above.
2-1
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Nuclear Associates 07-453
Operators Manual
AC Input
Connect the two test leads to the two input jacks on the front of the instrument. Since the instrument
counts AC pulses, the AC line must be switched by the relay that is in the timer under test.
The circuit for AC inputs is completely isolated from the rest of the instrument. No damage to the
instrument will occur if the probes are reversed. However, to obtain the best accuracy, the “+” (red)
should be connected to the high side of the line, and the black or “-“ probe should be connected to the low
side of the line.
2.2 Oscilloscope Output
The Digital X-Ray Pulse Counter/Timer can be, and usually is, used without an oscilloscope, but the
scope output feature enables technical analysis of the x-ray output.
X-ray generators often have characteristics such as gradual rise times, variations in amplitude, noise,
capacitive filtering, and extended decay times. Problems with x-rays can often be diagnosed by
observing the output waveform of an x-ray with an oscilloscope. Plug in a standard 2.5 mm mono phone
plug into the jack and attach the leads of the scope probe to the phone plug terminals. Set the vertical
sensitivity of the scope to 1 V per cm. The scope waveform will be an amplified version of the actual
output of the x-ray detector.
A cable with a phone plug and a BNC connector for a scope is available from Fluke Biomedical (Model
88-453). The 2.5 mm mono phone plug is available from many vendors including Mouser Electronics,
(P/N 177PP053). The Remote Sensor available from Fluke Biomedical (Model 07-453-2000) is
particularly useful when observing the x-ray output using an oscilloscope.
2-2
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Fluke Biomedical
Radiation Management Services
6045 Cochran Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44139
440.498.2564
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