XLS Series
XLS 202
Operation Manual
XLS 402
XLS 602
Obtaining Other Language Versions: To obtain information in another language about the use of this product, please contact your
local Crown Distributor. If you need assistance locating your local distributor, please contact Crown at 574-294-8000.
This manual does not include all of the details of design, production, or variations of the equipment. Nor does it cover every possible
situation which may arise during installation, operation or maintenance.
The information provided in this manual was deemed accurate as of the publication date. However, updates to this information may have
Trademark Notice: Crown and Amcron are registered trademarks of Crown International. Other trademarks are the property of their
respective owners.
Some models may be exported under the name Amcron.®
©2004 by Crown Audio Inc., P.O. Box 1000, Elkhart, Indiana 46515-1000 U.S.A. Telephone: 574-294-8000
133465-6
1/04
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
Crown International, Inc.
DECLARATION of CONFORMITY
Issued By: Crown International, Inc.
1718 W. Mishawaka Road
Sue Whitfield
574-294-8289
Elkhart, Indiana 46517 U.S.A.
European Representative’s Name and Address:
Nick Owen
19 Clos Nant Coslech
Pontprennau
Cardiff
CF23 8ND United Kingdom
Equipment Type: Commercial Audio Power Amplifiers
Family Name: XLS Amplifiers
Model Names: XLS 202, XLS 402, XLS 602, XLS 402TX, XLS 602TX
EMC Standards:
EN 55103-1:1995 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Audio, Video, Audio-Visual and Entertainment Lighting Control Apparatus for Professional Use, Part 1: Emissions
EN 55103-1:1995 Magnetic Field Emissions-Annex A @ 10 cm and 1 M
EN 61000-3-2:1995+A14:2000 Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (equipment input current 16A per phase)
EN 61000-3-3:1995 Limitation of Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Low-Voltage Supply Systems Rated Current 16A
EN 55022:1992 + A1: 1995 & A2:1997 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of ITE: Radiated, Class B Limits; Conducted, Class B
EN 55103-2:1996 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Audio, Video, Audio-Visual and Entertainment Lighting Control Apparatus for Professional Use, Part 2: Immunity
EN 61000-4-2:1995 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity (Environment E2-Criteria B, 4k V Contact, 8k V Air Discharge)
EN 61000-4-3:1996 Radiated, Radio-Frequency, Electromagnetic Immunity (Environment E2, Criteria A)
EN 61000-4-4:1995 Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity (Criteria B)
EN 61000-4-5:1995 Surge Immunity (Criteria B)
EN 61000-4-6:1996 Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio-Frequency Fields (Criteria A)
EN 61000-4-11:1994 Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variation
Safety Standard:
EN 60065: 1998 Safety Requirements - Audio Video and Similar Electronic Apparatus
I certify that the product identified above conforms to the requirements of the EMC Council Directive 89/336/EEC as amended by 92/31/EEC, and the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EES as amended by 93/68/EEC.
Signed
Date of Issue: January 1, 2001
Larry Colburn
Title: Senior Vice President of Manufacturing
Due to line current harmonics, we recommend that you contact your supply authority before connection.
Operation Manual
page 3
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
Table of Contents
Important Safety Instructions .......................................................2
Declaration of Conformity ............................................................3
1 Welcome ................................................................................5
1.1 Features ...........................................................................5
1.2 How to Use This Manual ..................................................5
2 Setup ......................................................................................6
2.1 Unpack Your Amplifier ....................................................6
2.2 Install Your Amplifier ......................................................6
2.3 Ensure Proper Cooling ...................................................6
2.4 Choose Input Wire and Connectors ................................7
2.5 Choose Output Wire and Connectors ..............................7
2.6 Wire Your System ...........................................................8
2.6.1 Stereo Mode...........................................................8
2.6.2 Bridge-Mono Mode ...............................................9
2.7 Connect to AC Mains ......................................................10
2.8 Protecting Your Speakers ................................................10
2.9 Startup Procedure ...........................................................10
3 Operation ............................................................................. 11
3.1 Precautions ..................................................................... 11
3.2 Front Panel Controls and Indicators ............................... 12
3.3 Back Panel Controls and Connectors............................... 13
4 Advanced Features and Options ...................................... 14
4.1 Protection Systems ........................................................ 14
4.1.1 Output Current Limiting......................................... 14
4.1.2. DC Protection ...................................................... 14
4.1.3 Circuit Breaker....................................................... 14
4.1.4 Thermal Protection ............................................... 14
5 Troubleshooting .................................................................. 15
6 Specifications ..................................................................... 16
7 AC Power Draw and Thermal Dissipation ..................... 18
8 Service ... .............................................................................. 21
8.1 Worldwide Service .......................................................... 21
8.2 US and Canada Service .................................................. 21
8.2.1 Service at a US or Canada Service Center ............ 21
8.2.2 Factory Service ..................................................... 21
8.2.3 Factory Service Shipping Instructions ................... 21
9 Warranty .............................................................................. 22
Crown Factory Service Information Form ...................................25
page 4
Operation Manual
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
*1 kHz
XLS 202
Power
250W
200W
145W
400W
500W
2-ohm Stereo (per channel)
4-ohm Stereo (per channel)
8-ohm Stereo (per channel)
8-ohm Bridge-Mono
4-ohm Bridge-Mono
*1 kHz Power: refers to maximum average power in watts
at 1 kHz with 0.5% THD.
Please take the time to study this manual so
that you can obtain the best possible service
from your amplifier.
1.2 How to Use This Manual
1 Welcome
This manual provides you with the necessary
information to safely and correctly setup and
operate your amplifier. It does not cover every
aspect of installation, setup or operation that
might occur under every condition. For addi-
tional information, please consult Crown’s
Amplifier Application Guide (available online at
port, your system installer or retailer.
The XLS Series of power amplifiers from Crown
represents a new era in affordable, quality
power amplification. The line consists of three
models in a uniform, rugged chassis, incorpo-
rating the best of tried-and-true design princi-
ples and innovative features.
*1 kHz
1.1 Features
XLS 402
Power
570W
400W
260W
•Simple, reliable design incorporates many
popular features.
2-ohm Stereo (per channel)
4-ohm Stereo (per channel)
8-ohm Stereo (per channel)
8-ohm Bridge-Mono
•Housed in a rugged, all-steel 2U chassis.
Modern power amplifiers are sophisticated
pieces of engineering capable of producing
extremely high power levels. They must be
treated with respect and correctly installed if
they are to provide the many years of reliable
service for which they were designed.
•Efficient forced-air fan prevents excessive
thermal buildup.
800W
4-ohm Bridge-Mono
1,140W
We strongly recommend you read all instruc-
tions, warnings and cautions contained in this
manual. Also, for your protection, please send
in your warranty registration card today. And
save your bill of sale — it’s your official proof
of purchase.
•Electronically balanced XLR inputs. Touch-
proof binding post and Speakon® outputs.
*1 kHz Power: refers to maximum average power in watts
at 1 kHz with 0.5% THD.
•Features precision detented level controls,
power switch, and four LEDs which indicate
clip for each channel, power and fault condi-
tions.
In addition, XLS Series amplifiers include a
number of features which require some expla-
nation before they can be used to their maxi-
mum advantage.
*1 kHz
Power
XLS-602
840W
600W
370W
1,200W
1,680W
2-ohm Stereo (per channel)
4-ohm Stereo (per channel)
8-ohm Stereo (per channel)
8-ohm Bridge-Mono
4-ohm Bridge-Mono
*1 kHz Power: refers to maximum average power in watts
at 1 kHz with 0.5% THD.
Operation Manual
page 5
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
2.2 Install Your Amplifier
2.3 Ensure Proper Cooling
2.1 Unpack Your Amplifier
2 Setup
CAUTION: Before you begin, make sure
your amplifier is disconnected from the
power source, with the power switch in
the “off” position and all level controls
turned completely down (counterclock-
wise).
When using an equipment rack, mount units
directly on top of each other. Close any open
spaces in rack with blank panels. DO NOT
block front, rear or side air vents. The side
walls of the rack should be a minimum of two
inches (5.1 cm) away from the amplifier sides,
and the back of the rack should be a minimum
of four inches (10.2 cm) from the amplifier back
panel.
Please unpack and inspect your amplifier for
any damage that may have occurred during
transit. If damage is found, notify the transpor-
tation company immediately. Only you can ini-
tiate a claim for shipping damage. Crown will
be happy to help as needed. Save the shipping
carton as evidence of damage for the shipper’s
inspection.
Use a standard 19-inch (48.3 cm) equipment
rack (EIA RS-310B). See Figure 2.1 for ampli-
fier dimensions.
We also recommend that you save all packing
materials so you will have them if you ever
need to transport the unit. Never ship the
unit without the factory pack.
You may also stack amps without using a
cabinet.
Figure 2.2 illustrates standard amplifier airflow.
NOTE: When transporting, amplifiers should be
supported at both front and back.
YOU WILL NEED (not supplied):
•
•
Input wiring cables
Output wiring cables
Rack for mounting amplifier (or a stable surface
for stacking)
WARNING: Before you start to set up
your amplifier, make sure you read and
observe the Important Safety Instruc-
tions found at the beginning of this
manual.
Figure 2.2 Airflow
Figure 2.1
Dimensions
page 6
Operation Manual
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
2 Setup
2.4 Choose Input Wire
and Connectors
Figure 2.3
Balanced Input
Connector Wiring
Crown recommends using pre-built or professionally wired bal-
anced line (two-conductor plus shield), 22-24 gauge cables and
connectors. You should use 3-pin male XLR cable ends at the
amplifier inputs. Unbalanced line may also be used but may
result in noise over long cable runs.
Figure 2.3 shows connector pin assignments for balanced wiring,
and Figure 2.4 shows connector pin assignments for unbalanced
wiring.
Figure 2.4
Unbalanced Input
Connector Wiring
NOTE: Custom wiring should only be performed by
qualified personnel.
2.5 Choose Output Wire and Connectors
Crown recommends using pre-built or professionally wired, high-
quality, two-conductor, heavy gauge speaker wire and connectors.
You may use 2-pole or 4-pole Speakon® connectors (Figure 2.5 )
or banana plugs, spade lugs, or bare wire for your output connec-
tors (Figure 2.6). To prevent the possibility of short-circuits, wrap
or otherwise insulate exposed loudspeaker cable connectors.
Note: Binding post outputs on European models come
with safety plugs installed to prevent European power-
cord plugs from being inserted. The top & bottom entry
positions for these connectors should therefore be used
with European models.
Figure 2.5
Left: One of Two Speakon® Output Connectors
on Back Panel
Right: Speakon®Cable Connector
Using the guidelines below, select the appropriate size of wire
based on the distance from amplifier to speaker.
Distance
up to 25 ft.
Wire Size
16 AWG
26-40 ft.
14 AWG
12 AWG
10 AWG
8 AWG
41-60 ft.
61-100 ft.
101-150 ft.
151-250 ft.
6 AWG
CAUTION: Never use shielded cable for output wiring.
Figure 2.6
5-Way Binding Post Connections
Operation Manual
page 7
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
2 Setup
2.6 Wire Your System
2.6.1 Stereo Mode
Typical input and output wiring is shown in
Figure 2.7
INPUTS: Connect input wiring for both channels.
OUTPUTS: Maintain proper polarity (+/–) on output connectors.
Connect Channel 1 loudspeaker’s positive (+) lead to Channel 1
positive (red) terminal of amp; repeat for negative (–). Repeat
Channel 2 wiring as for Channel 1.
Figure 2.7
System Wiring,
Stereo Mode
Using the 5-way
Binding Posts
Figure 2.7 shows how to wire stereo speakers to the 5-way binding
posts.
To wire stereo speakers to the Speakon® connectors, use one of
these methods:
Method 1 (Table 1 and Figure 2.8): Wire one Speakon cable con-
nector to two speakers. Insert the Speakon cable connector into the
amplifier’s top Speakon connector.
Method 2 (Table 2 and Figure 2.9): Plug the Channel 1 speaker
into the Channel 1 (top) Speakon connector, and plug the Channel
2 speaker into the Channel 2 (bottom) Speakon connector.
Table 1
Stereo Wiring Method 1: Use Top Speakon Only
Table 2
Top Speakon
(Channel 1)
PIN
CH
1+
1+
1–
1–
2+
2+
2–
2–
Stereo Wiring Method 2: Use Both Speakons
PIN
CH
1+
1+
1–
1–
Channel 1
Loudspeaker
PIN
CH
1+
2+
1–
2–
Bottom
Speakon
(Channel 2)
Channel 2
Loudspeaker
Figure 2.8 Stereo Wiring Method 1:
Wire Two Speakers to the Top Speakon
Connector
Figure 2.9 Stereo Wiring Method 2:
Connect Each Speaker to a Different Speakon Connector
page 8
Operation Manual
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
2 Setup
2.6.2 Bridge-Mono Mode
INPUTS: Use a custom “Y” adapter cable, wired
to split the signal and invert the polarity for the
Channel 2 amplifier input as shown in Figure
2.10. We recommend you label the ends of the Y
adapter to help make sure to connect the correct
end to each amplifier input.
Connect the Y adapter between the signal source
and each amplifier input (Figure 2.11).
NOTE: Crown provides a reference of wiring pin
assignments for commonly used connector
types in the Crown Amplifier Application Guide
OUTPUTS: There are two ways to wire the ampli-
fier output connectors for Bridge-Mono mode:
1) Wire the speaker across the red binding post
of each channel (Figure 2.11). Do not use the
black binding posts when the amp is being oper-
ated in Bridge-Mono mode.
2) Wire the speaker only to the top Speakon con-
nector as shown in Table 3 and Figure 2.12.
NOTE: The Channel 1 and 2 level controls
MUST be set to identical settings when
operating the XLS amplifier in Bridge-
Mono mode.
Figure 2.11 Bridge-Mono Wiring of 5-Way Binding Posts
Table 3
Top Speakon Wiring for Bridge-Mono
PIN
CH
1+
1+
2+
1–
Figure 2.10
Custom Y-Input
Cable
Figure 2.12 Alternate Bridge-Mono Wiring:
Loudspeaker Wired to Amplifier’s Top
Speakon Connector
Operation Manual
page 9
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
2 Setup
2.7 Connect to AC Mains
2.9 Startup Procedure
Connect your amplifier to the AC mains power
source (power outlet) with the supplied AC power
cordset. First, connect the IEC end of the cordset to
the IEC connector on the amplifier; then, plug the
other end of the cordset to the AC mains.
Use the following procedure when first turning on
your amplifier:
1. Turn down the level of your audio source.
2. Turn down the level controls of the amplifier.
WARNING: The third prong of this connector
(ground) is an important safety feature. Do
not attempt to disable this ground connec-
tion by using an adapter or other methods.
3. Turn on the “Power” switch. The Power indica-
tor should glow.
4. Turn up the level of your audio source to an
optimum level.
Amplifiers don’t create energy. The AC mains volt-
age and current must be sufficient to deliver the
power you expect. You must operate your amplifier
from an AC mains power source with not more than
a 10% variation above or a 15% variation below the
amplifier’s specified line voltage and within the
specfied frequency requirements (indicated on the
amplifier’s back panel label). If you are unsure of the
output voltage of your AC mains, please consult
your electrician.
5. Turn up the Level controls on the amplifier until
the desired loudness or power level is
achieved.
6. Turn down the level of your audio source to its
normal range.
If you ever need to make any wiring or installation
changes, don’t forget to disconnect the power cord.
For help with determining your system’s optimum
gain structure (signal levels) please refer to the
Crown Amplifier Application Guide, available online
2.8 Protecting Your Speakers
It's wise to avoid clipping the amplifier signal. Not
only does clipping sound bad, it can damage high-
frequency drivers. To prevent clipping, insert a lim-
iter between your mixer output and amplifier input.
That way, no matter how strong a signal your mixer
produces, the amplifier will not clip. Set the limiter
threshold so that mixer signals above 0 on the
mixer meters do not quite drive the amplifier into
clipping.
Also, avoid sending strong subsonic signals to the
amplifier. High-level, low-frequency signals from
breath pops or dropped microphones can blow out
drivers. To prevent subsonic signals, insert a high-
pass filter between mixer output and amplifier input
(or between mixer and limiter). Alternatively, switch
in highpass filters at your mixer. Set the filter to as
high a frequency as possible that does not affect
your program. For example, try 35 Hz for music and
75 Hz for speech. On each mixer input channel, set
the filter frequency just below the lowest fundamen-
tal frequency of that channel's instrument.
page 10
Operation Manual
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
3 Operation
4. WARNING: Never connect the output to
a power supply, battery or power main.
Electrical shock may result.
3.1 Precautions
Your amplifier is protected from internal and exter-
nal faults, but you should still take the following
precautions for optimum performance and safety:
5. Tampering with the circuitry, or making unau-
thorized circuit changes may be hazardous and
invalidates all agency listings.
1. Before use, your amplifier first must be config-
ured for proper operation, including input and
output wiring hookup. Improper wiring can
result in serious operating difficulties. For
information on wiring and configuration, please
consult the Setup section of this manual or, for
advanced setup techniques, consult Crown’s
Amplifier Application Guide available online at
6. Do not operate the amplifier with the red Clip
LEDs constantly flashing.
7. Do not overdrive the mixer, which will cause
clipped signal to be sent to the amplifier. Such
signals will be reproduced with extreme accu-
racy, and loudspeaker damage may result.
8. Do not operate the amplifier with less than the
rated load impedance. Due to the amplifier’s
output protection, such a configuration may
result in premature clipping and speaker dam-
age. Operating with a 2-ohm load is not
recommended, as the amplifier might
shut down.
2. Use care when making connections, selecting
signal sources and controlling the output level.
The load you save may be your own!
3. Do not short the ground lead of an output cable
to the input signal ground. This may form a
ground loop and cause oscillations.
Remember: Crown is not liable for damage that
results from overdriving other system components.
Operation Manual
page 11
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
3 Operation
D. Power Indicator
3.2 Front Panel Controls
and Indicators
Green LED indicates amplifier has been
turned on and AC power is available.
A. Cooling Vents
E. Fault Indicator
Front-to-rear forced airflow.
B. Level Controls
Yellow LED illuminates when amplifier is
in protect mode. Also illuminates briefly
during normal power-up when amplifier is
first switched on.
Two black rotary level controls, one for
each channel.
F. Power Switch
C. Clip Indicators
Amplifier is on when the switch is in the
UP position.
Two red LEDs, one for each channel, illu-
minate when the channel’s output signal
is being overdriven.
Figure 4.1 Front Panel Controls and Indicators
page 12
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
3 Operation
3.3 Back Panel Controls
and Connectors
K. 5-Way Binding Post Output Jacks
One pair per channel; accept banana plugs,
spade lugs or bare wire. Note: Binding post
outputs on European models come with safety
plugs installed to prevent European power-cord
plugs from being inserted. The top & bottom
entry positions for these connectors should
therefore be used with European models.
G. Power Connector
H. Circuit Breaker
Provides overload protection.
I. Balanced XLR Inputs
L. 4-Pole Speakon® Output Connectors
Two 3-pin female XLR input connectors are
provided (one per channel).
These two connectors accept 2-pole or 4-pole
Speakon connectors. See Figures 2.8, 2.9 and
2.12 and Tables 1, 2 and 3 for connector wir-
ing. The top Speakon connector is wired for
both channels so it can be used for bridge-
mono wiring or for stereo wiring of two speak-
ers to a single Speakon connector.
J. Fans
Provide front-to-back forced airflow for cool-
ing.
Figure 4.1 Back Panel Controls and Connectors
Operation Manual
page 13
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
4 Advanced Features and Options
NOTE: For detailed information about
4.1.3 Circuit Breaker
these Crown amplifier features, please
consult the Crown Amplifier Application
Guide, available on the Crown website
The high-voltage power supplies of your Crown
amplifier are protected by a circuit breaker. The
breaker rating varies depending on model and
supply voltage as follows:
4.1 Protection Systems
Table 4
Your Crown amplifier provides extensive pro-
tection and diagnostic capabilities, including
output current limiting, DC protection, circuit
breaker, and special thermal protection for the
unit’s transformers.
Circuit-Breaker Amperage Ratings
100V
7A
120V
7A
220V
7A
240V
7A
XLS 202
XLS 402
XLS 602
4.1.1 Output Current Limiting
10A
10A
10A
10A
7A
7A
Output Current Limiting circuitry protects the
amplifier output stage for damage caused by
short-circuit loads.
7A
7A
4.1.2 DC Protection
4.1.4 Thermal Protection
DC Protection disconnects the loudspeaker
load in the event of an output DC offset exceed-
ing 2V. In such an event the yellow Fault LED
will illuminate (see Figure 4.1) and both ampli-
fier channels will be muted. In the majority of
cases, DC protection is indicative of a faulty
amplifier channel, and will be accompanied by
an illuminated Clip LED, even with no input
connected and level controls set at minimum. If
this is the case, contact your dealer or service
center.
The Thermal Protection circuit will activate if
the internal heatsink temperature exceeds
proper operating temperatures (194 °F, 90 °C).
When the heatsink temperature has fallen to a
safe level, this protection circuit will automati-
cally be reset. Principle causes of thermal pro-
tection are:
Figure 4.1
Fault Indicator
1) Inadequate ventilation of the equipment rack
2) Incorrect load impedance
3) Output cable short circuit
4) Blocked air vent
5) Heatsinks in need of cleaning
6) Cooling fan failure.
The cause of your amplifier’s thermal protection
state should be determined and corrected as
soon as possible. Without correction, the Ther-
mal Protection circuit will typically reactivate.
page 14
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
5 Troubleshooting
CONDITION: Normal operation.
CONDITION: No sound.
POSSIBLE REASON:
POSSIBLE REASON:
•
This is normal operation for your amp.
•
The amplifier has just turned on and is still in
the 4-second turn-on delay.
•
The amplifier is in “fault” mode. A Fault status
can be triggered when one of the amplifier’s
protection circuits is activated. First disconnect
your speakers from the affected channels(s)
one by one to determine if one of the loads is
shorted. If the indicators return to normal sta-
tus, then try a different speaker or cable to
determine where the short is occurring. If no
short can be found, turn off the amp and allow
the amp to cool. If indicators do not return to
normal after restarting your amp, check the fuse
and replace if necessary, or return amp to
Crown or an authorized Crown Service Center
for servicing.
CONDITION: No power to the
amplifier.
POSSIBLE REASON:
•
•
The amplifier’s Power switch is off.
The amplifier is not plugged into the power
receptacle.
•
The amplifier’s high-voltage power supply cir-
cuit breaker has tripped. Verify that the AC
mains voltage is correct, then press the Circuit
Breaker button on the back panel.
•
•
•
•
No input signal.
Input signal level is very low.
Level controls are turned down.
Speakers not connected.
CONDITION: Distorted sound.
POSSIBLE REASON:
•
Input signal level is too high. Turn down your
amplifier Level controls. NOTE: Your amplifier
should never be operated at a level which
caused the Clip LEDS to illuminate constantly.
KEY
Operation Manual
page 15
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
6 Specifications
Minimum Guaranteed Power
XLS 202
XLS 402
XLS 602
120 VAC, 60 Hz Units, per channel, both channels driven
1 kHz with 0.5% THD
Stereo, 2 ohms (per ch.)
Stereo, 4 ohms (per ch.)
Stereo, 8 ohms (per ch.)
Bridge-Mono, 8 ohms
Bridge-Mono, 4 ohms
250W
200W
145W
400W
500W
570W
400W
260W
800W
1,140W
840W
600W
370W
1,200W
1,680W
240 VAC, 50 Hz Units, per channel, both channels driven
1 kHz with 0.5% THD
Stereo, 2 ohms (per ch.)
Stereo, 4 ohms (per ch.)
Bridge-Mono, 4 ohms
250W
225W
500W
610W
445W
1,120W
880W
670W
1,760W
Performance
XLS 202
0.725
XLS 402
1.025
XLS 602
1.26
Sensitivity (volts RMS) for full rated power at 4 ohms
Frequency Response (at 1 watt, 22 Hz - 20 kHz)
Phase Response (at 1 watt, 10 Hz, 20 kHz)
0.75 dB
0.75 dB
0.75 dB
–10°, +19°
–10°, +19°
–10°, +19°
Signal to Noise Ratio below rated power (20 Hz to 20 kHz)
A-weighted, below rated power
No weighting, below rated power
> 100 dB
> 95 dB
> 100 dB
> 95 dB
> 100 dB
> 95 dB
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at 1 full bandwidth power, from 20 Hz to 1 kHz
< 0.5%
< 0.3%
< 0.5%
< 0.3%
< 0.5%
< 0.3%
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) 60 Hz and 7 kHz at 4:1,
from full rated output to –40 dB
page 16
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
6 Specifications
Performance
XLS 202
XLS 402
XLS 602
Damping Factor (8 ohm): 10 Hz to 400 Hz
> 200
> 200
> 200
Crosstalk (below rated power,
at 1 kHz
at 20 kHz
–82 dB
–58 dB
–82 dB
–58 dB
–82 dB
–58 dB
DC Output Offset (Shorted input)
10 mV
10 mV
10 mV
Input Impedance (nominally balanced, nominally unbalanced)
20 kilohms, 10 kilohms
20 kilohms, 10 kilohms
20 kilohms, 10 kilohms
Load Impedance (Note: Safe with all types of loads)
Stereo
Bridge Mono
2-8 ohms
8 ohms
2-8 ohms
8 ohms
2-8 ohms
8 ohms
Voltage Gain (at maximum level setting)
31 dB
31 dB
31 dB
AC Line Voltage and Frequency Configurations Available ( 10%)
120 VAC/60 Hz and 230 VAC/50 Hz
XLS 202
120 VAC/60 Hz and 230 VAC/50 Hz
XLS 402
120 VAC/60 Hz and 230 VAC/50 Hzz
XLS 602
Construction
Ventilation
Flow-through ventilation from front to back
Internal heat sinks with forced-air cooling
Flow-through ventilation from front to back
Internal heat sinks with forced-air cooling
Flow-through ventilation from front to back
Internal heat sinks with forced-air cooling
Cooling
80.15 ft3 (2.27 m3)
80.15 ft3 (2.27 m3)
80.15 ft3 (2.27 m3)
Air Volume Requirements (per minute per unit)
Dimensions: Width, Height, Depth (behind mounting surface)
EIA Standard19"W (EIA RS-310-B)
x 3.5” (8.9 cm) H x14" (35.6cm) D
EIA Standard19"W (EIA RS-310-B)
x 3.5” (8.9 cm) H x14" (35.6cm) D
EIA Standard19"W (EIA RS-310-B)
x 3.5” (8.9 cm) H x14" (35.6cm) D
Net Weight, Shipping Weight
21.0 lb (9.5 kg), 26.0 lb (11.8 kg)
25.3lb(11.5kg), 30.3 lb(13.8 kg)
2 7 . 2 l b ( 1 2 . 3 k g ) , 3 2 . 2 l b ( 1 4 . 6 k g )
Operation Manual
page 17
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
7 AC Power Draw and Thermal Dissipation
This section provides detailed information about the amount of power
Here are the equations used to calculate the data presented in Figures
7.1, 7.2 and 7.3:
and current drawn from the AC mains by XLS amplifiers and the amount
of heat produced under various conditions. The calculations presented
here are intended to provide a realistic and reliable depiction of the
amplifiers. The following assumptions or approximations were made:
• The amplifier’s available channels are loaded, and full power is being
delivered.
The following equation converts power draw in watts to current draw in
amperes:
• Efficiency at standard 1 kHz power into 4 ohms is 63% for the XLS
602, 57% for the XLS 402, and 49% for the XLS 202.
• Quiescent power draw is 26W for the XLS 602, 23W for the XLS 402,
and 19W for the XLS 202.
• XLS 602 quiescent thermal dissipation equals 88 btu/hr at 0 watts
with 4 and 8 ohm loads.
The value used for Power Factor is 0.86 for the XLS 602, 0.85 for the XLS
402, and 0.87 for the XLS 202. The Power Factor variable is needed to
compensate for the difference in phase between the AC mains voltage and
current.
• The estimated duty cycles take into account the typical crest factor for
each type of source material.
• Duty cycle of pink noise is 50%.
• Duty cycle of highly compressed rock ‘n’ roll midrange is 40%.
• Duty cycle of rock ‘n’ roll is 30%.
The following equation is used to calculate thermal dissipation:
• Duty cycle of background music is 20%.
• Duty cycle of continuous speech is 10%.
• Duty cycle of infrequent, short duration paging is 1%.
The value used for amplifier inefficiency is (1.00-Efficiency). The factor
3.415 converts watts to btu/hr. Thermal dissipation in btu is divided by
the constant 3.968 to get kcal.
If you plan to measure output power under real-world conditions, the following
equation may also be helpful:
page 18
Operation Manual
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
7 AC Power Draw and Thermal Dissipation
XLS 202
L O A D
2 Ohm Stereo
4 Ohm Stereo
8 Ohm Stereo
Current Draw
Current Draw
(Amps)
Thermal
Dissipation
Current Draw
(Amps)
Thermal
Dissipation
Thermal
Dissipation
AC
AC
AC
(Amps)
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Duty
Cycle
120V
230V
120V
230V
120V
230V
btu/hr
kcal/hr
btu/hr
kcal/hr
btu/hr
kcal/hr
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
529
427
325
223
121
5.1
2.6
953
776
598
420
243
240
196
151
106
61
427
346
264
182
101
4.1
3.3
2.5
1.7
1.0
2.1
1.7
1.3
0.9
0.5
776
634
491
349
207
196
160
124
88
315
256
197
137
78
3.0
2.4
1.9
1.3
0.7
1.6
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.4
580
477
374
271
168
146
120
94
68
42
4.1
3.1
2.1
1.2
2.1
1.6
1.1
0.6
52
Figure 7.1 XLS 202
Power Draw, Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation at Various Duty Cycles
XLS 402
L O A D
2 Ohm Stereo
4 Ohm Stereo
8 Ohm Stereo
Current Draw
(Amps)
Thermal
Dissipation
Current Draw
(Amps)
Thermal
Dissipation
Current Draw
(Amps)
Thermal
Dissipation
AC
AC
AC
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Duty
Cycle
120V
230V
120V
230V
120V
230V
btu/hr
kcal/hr
btu/hr
kcal/hr
btu/hr
kcal/hr
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
1023
823
623
423
223
10.0
8.1
6.1
4.1
2.2
5.2
4.2
3.2
2.2
1.1
1547
1253
960
666
372
390
316
242
168
94
725
584
444
304
163
7.1
3.7
1109
903
697
491
285
279
228
176
124
72
479
388
297
205
114
4.7
2.5
748
614
480
346
213
189
155
121
87
5.7
4.4
3.0
1.6
3.0
2.3
1.6
0.8
3.8
2.9
2.0
1.1
2.0
1.5
1.1
0.6
54
Figure 7.2 XLS 402
Power Draw, Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation at Varioius Duty Cycles
Operation Manual
page 19
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
7 AC Power Draw and Thermal Dissipation
XLS 602
L O A D
2 Ohm Stereo
4 Ohm Stereo
8 Ohm Stereo
Current Draw
(Amps)
Thermal
Dissipation
Current Draw
(Amps)
Thermal
Dissipation
Current Draw
(Amps)
Thermal
Dissipation
AC
AC
AC
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Mains
Power
Draw
(W)
Duty
Cycle
120V
230V
120V
230V
120V
230V
btu/hr
kcal/hr
btu/hr
kcal/hr
btu/hr
kcal/hr
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
1359
1093
826
559
293
13.2
10.6
8.1
5.5
2.9
6.9
5.6
4.2
2.8
1.5
1774
1437
1100
763
447
362
277
192
107
978
788
597
407
216
9.5
7.7
5.8
4.0
2.1
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.1
1.1
1292
1051
811
570
329
326
265
204
144
83
613
496
378
261
143
6.0
3.1
831
682
534
386
237
209
172
135
97
4.8
3.7
2.5
1.4
2.5
1.9
1.3
0.7
426
60
Figure 7.3 XLS 602
Power Draw, Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation at Various Duty Cycles
page 20
Operation Manual
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
8 Service
3. To ensure the safe transportation of your
unit to the factory, ship it in an original
factory packing container. If you don’t have
the original carton, you may obtain a prod-
uct service foam-in-place shipping pack
from the Crown Factory Service Depart-
ment at the number listed below. For non-
warranty service, you may also provide
your own shipping pack, however we still
recommend using a Crown Supplied Ship-
ping Container. Minimum recommended
requirements for materials are as follows:
275 P.S.I. burst test Double-Wall carton
that allows for 2-inch solid Styrofoam on
all six sides of unit or 3 inches of plastic
bubble wrap on all six sides of unit;
list of authorized service centers in your area
can be obtained from the Crown website at
Customer Service.
Crown amplifiers are quality units that rarely
require servicing. Before returning your unit for
servicing, please contact Crown Technical Sup-
port to verify the need for servicing.
This unit has very sophisticated circuitry which
should only be serviced by a fully trained tech-
nician. This is one reason why each unit bears
the following label:
8.2.2 Factory Service
To obtain factory service, fill out the service
information page found in the back of this man-
ual and send it along with your proof of pur-
chase and the defective unit to the Crown
factory.
CAUTION: To prevent electric shock, do
not remove covers. No user serviceable
parts inside. Refer servicing to a quali-
fied technician.
For warranty service, we will pay for ground
shipping both ways in the United States. Con-
tact Crown Customer Service to obtain pre-
paid shipping labels prior to sending the unit.
Or, if you prefer, you may prepay the cost of
shipping, and Crown will reimburse you. Send
copies of the shipping receipts to Crown to
receive reimbursement.
8.1 Worldwide Service
Service may be obtained from an authorized
service center. (Contact your local Crown/
Amcron representative or our office for a list of
authorized service centers.) To obtain service,
simply present the bill of sale as proof of pur-
chase along with the defective unit to an autho-
rized service center. They will handle the
necessary paperwork and repair.
securely seal the package with an adequate
carton sealing tape. Do not use light boxes
or “peanuts.” Damage caused by poor
packing cannot be covered under warranty.
Your repaired unit will be returned via UPS
ground. Please contact us if other arrange-
ments are required.
4. Do not ship the unit in any kind of cabinet
(wood or metal). Ignoring this warning
may result in extensive damage to the unit
and the cabinet. Accessories are not
Remember to transport your unit in the original
factory pack.
8.2.3 Factory Service Shipping
Instructions:
needed—do not send the product docu-
mentation, cables and other hardware.
1. Before sending a Crown product to the
factory for service, first call the Crown Ser-
vice Department for a return authorization
(RA) number.
8.2 US and Canada Service
If you have any questions, please contact
Crown Factory Service.
Service may be obtained in one of two ways:
from an authorized service center or from the
factory. You may choose either. It is important
that you have your copy of the bill of sale as
your proof of purchase.
Crown Factory Service
1718 W. Mishawaka Rd.,
Elkhart, Indiana 46517 U.S.A.
2. Be sure to fill out the service information
form that follows and enclose it with your
shipment, either inside the box or in a
packing slip envelope securely attached to
the outside of the shipping carton. Do not
send the service information form sepa-
rately. If you are sending the unit from a
Shipping Center, we recommend taping
the form to the product. We also recom-
mend recording the serial number and
model before shipping for your reference.
Telephone: 574-294-8200
800-342-6939 (North America,
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands only)
8.2.1 Service at a US or Canada
Service Center
This method usually saves the most time and
effort. Simply present your bill of sale along
with the defective unit to an authorized service
center to obtain service. They will handle the
necessary paperwork and repair. Remember to
transport the unit in the original factory pack. A
Facsimile:
574-294-8301 (Technical Support)
574-294-8124 (Factory Service)
Internet:
Operation Manual
page 21
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
9 Warranty
UNITED STATES & CANADA
SUMMARY OF WARRANTY
est, insurance, closing costs, and other finance
charges less a reasonable depreciation on the
product from the date of original purchase. War-
ranty work can only be performed at our autho-
rized service centers or at the factory. Warranty
work for some products can only be performed at
our factory. We will remedy the defect and ship
the product from the service center or our factory
within a reasonable time after receipt of the defec-
tive product at our authorized service center or
our factory. All expenses in remedying the defect,
including surface shipping costs in the United
States, will be borne by us. (You must bear the
expense of shipping the product between any for-
eign country and the port of entry in the United
States including the return shipment, and all
taxes, duties, and other customs fees for such for-
eign shipments.)
FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN
PRODUCT. THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO
ANOTHER PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULT-
ING FROM SUCH A DEFECT. SOME STATES DO
NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATIONS
OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM-
AGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLU-
SION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
Crown International, 1718 West Mishawaka Road,
Elkhart, Indiana 46517-4095 U.S.A. warrants to
you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUB-
SEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown product,
for a period of three (3) years from the date of
purchase by the original purchaser (the “warranty
period”) that the new Crown product is free of
defects in materials and workmanship. We further
warrant the new Crown product regardless of the
reason for failure, except as excluded in this War-
ranty.
WARRANTY ALTERATIONS
No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or
modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown War-
ranty is not extended by the length of time which
you are deprived of the use of the new Crown
product. Repairs and replacement parts provided
under the terms of this Crown Warranty shall
carry only the unexpired portion of this Crown
Warranty.
ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS
CROWN WARRANTY
This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of
a new Crown product which occurred within the
Warranty Period. It does not cover any product
which has been damaged because of any inten-
tional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which
is covered under any of your insurance contracts.
This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the
new Crown product if the serial number has been
defaced, altered, or removed.
HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY
SERVICE
DESIGN CHANGES
We reserve the right to change the design of any
product from time to time without notice and with
no obligation to make corresponding changes in
products previously manufactured.
You must notify us of your need for warranty ser-
vice within the warranty period. All components
must be shipped in a factory pack, which, if
needed, may be obtained from us free of charge.
Corrective action will be taken within a reason-
able time of the date of receipt of the defective
product by us or our authorized service center. If
the repairs made by us or our authorized service
center are not satisfactory, notify us or our autho-
rized service center immediately.
LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER
WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO
THIS CROWN WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC
LEGAL RIGHTS, YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER
RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.
No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be
commenced after expiration of the warranty
period.
We will remedy any defect, regardless of the rea-
son for failure (except as excluded), by repair,
replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund
unless you agree, or unless we are unable to pro-
vide replacement, and repair is not practical or
cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then
you must make the defective or malfunctioning
product available to us free and clear of all liens
or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal
to the actual purchase price, not including inter-
DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL
AND INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES
ANY OTHERS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL
YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM
US ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING
FOR CROWN PRODUCTS.
12/01
page 22
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
9 Warranty
WORLDWIDE EXCEPT USA & CANADA
SUMMARY OF WARRANTY
We will remedy any defect, regardless of the rea-
son for failure (except as excluded), by repair,
replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund
unless you agree, or unless we are unable to pro-
vide replacement, and repair is not practical or
cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then
you must make the defective or malfunctioning
product available to us free and clear of all liens
or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal
to the actual purchase price, not including inter-
est, insurance, closing costs, and other finance
charges less a reasonable depreciation on the
product from the date of original purchase. War-
ranty work can only be performed at our autho-
rized service centers. We will remedy the defect
and ship the product from the service center
within a reasonable time after receipt of the defec-
tive product at our authorized service center.
DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
Crown International, 1718 West Mishawaka Road,
Elkhart, Indiana 46517-4095 U.S.A. warrants to
you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUB-
SEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown1 product,
for a period of three (3) years from the date of pur-
chase by the original purchaser (the “warranty
period”) that the new Crown product is free of
defects in materials and workmanship, and we
further warrant the new Crown product regardless
of the reason for failure, except as excluded in this
Warranty.
YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM US
ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM
ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PRODUCT.
THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER
PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM
SUCH A DEFECT.
WARRANTY ALTERATIONS
No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or
modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty
is not extended by the length of time which you are
deprived of the use of the new Crown product.
Repairs and replacement parts provided under the
terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the
unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty.
1
Note: If your unit bears the name “Amcron,” please substitute
it for the name “Crown” in this warranty.
ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS CROWN-
WARRANTY
This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of
a new Crown product which occurred within the
Warranty Period. It does not cover any product
which has been damaged because of any inten-
tional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which
is covered under any of your insurance contracts.
This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the
new Crown product if the serial number has been
defaced, altered, or removed.
DESIGN CHANGES
HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE
We reserve the right to change the design of any
product from time to time without notice and with
no obligation to make corresponding changes in
products previously manufactured.
You must notify your local Crown importer of
your need for warranty service within the warranty
period. All components must be shipped in the
original box. Corrective action will be taken within
a reasonable time of the date of receipt of the
defective product by our authorized service center.
If the repairs made by our authorized service cen-
ter are not satisfactory, notify our authorized ser-
vice center immediately.
LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER
No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be
commenced after expiration of the warranty
period.
WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO
THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES
ANY OTHERS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR
CROWN PRODUCTS.
7/01
Operation Manual
page 23
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
page 24
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
Crown Factory Service Information
Shipping Address: Crown Factory Service, 1718 W. Mishawaka Rd., Elkhart, IN 46517
Phone: 1-800-342-6939 or 1-574-294-8200 Fax: 1-574-294-8124
Owner’s Name : _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Shipping Address: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Phone Number: ________________________________Fax Number: ________________________________ Email ________________________________________________________________________________
Model: __________________________________________________________________________________ Serial Number: _________________________________________________________________________
Purchase Date : _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NATURE OF PROBLEM
(Be sure to describe the conditions that existed when the problem occurred and what attempts were made to correct it.)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Other equipment in system:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If warranty has expired, payment will be: ! Cash/Check
! Visa
! Master Card
! C.O.D.
! Purchase Order for Crown Dealer
Card Number:___________________________________ Exp. Date:___________________
Signature:______________________________________________________________________
ENCLOSE THIS PORTION WITH THE UNIT. DO NOT MAIL SEPARATELY.
Operation Manual
page 25
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page 26
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XLS Series Power Amplifiers
NOTES
Operation Manual
page 27
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