Cisco Systems IP Phone OL 8555 01 User Manual

C H A P T E R  
2
Preparing to Install the  
Cisco Unified IP Phone on Your  
Network  
Cisco Unified IP Phones enable you to communicate using voice over a data  
network. To provide this capability, the Cisco Unified IP Phones depend upon and  
interact with several other key Cisco Unified IP Telephony and network  
components.  
This chapter focuses on the interactions between the Cisco Unified IP Phone  
7960G and 7940G and Cisco Unified CallManager, DNS and DHCP servers,  
TFTP servers, and switches. It also describes options for powering phones. For  
related information about other major components in a Voice over IP (VoIP)  
network, refer to Cisco IP Telephony Solution Reference Network Design (SRND)  
for Cisco Unified CallManager 4.0, which is available at this URL:  
For related information about voice and IP communications, refer to this URL:  
This chapter provides an overview of the interaction between the  
Cisco Unified IP Phone 7960G and 7940G and other key components of the Voice  
over IP (VoIP) network and includes these topics:  
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Chapter 2 Preparing to Install the Cisco Unified IP Phone on Your Network  
Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Phone registration  
Call preservation, so that a media session continues if signaling is lost  
between the primary CallManager and a phone)  
For information about configuring Cisco Unified CallManager to work with the  
IP devices described in this chapter, refer to Cisco Unified CallManager  
Administration Guide, Cisco Unified CallManager System Guide, and to  
Cisco Unified CallManager Security Guide.  
For an overview of security for the Cisco Unified IP Phone, see the  
“Understanding Security Features for Cisco Unified IP Phones” section on  
page 1-12.  
Note  
If the Cisco Unified IP Phone model that you want to configure does not appear  
in the Phone Type drop-down list in Cisco Unified CallManager Administration,  
go to the following URL and install the latest support patch for your version of  
Cisco Unified CallManager:  
Related Topic  
Telephony Features Available for the Phone, page 5-2  
Understanding How the Cisco Unified IP Phone Interacts with  
the VLAN  
The Cisco Unified IP Phone 7960G and 7940G have an internal Ethernet switch,  
enabling forwarding of packets to the phone, and to the access port and the  
network port on the back of the phone.  
If a computer is connected to the access port, the computer and the phone share  
the same physical link to the switch and share the same port on the switch. This  
shared physical link has the following implications for the VLAN configuration  
on the network:  
The current VLANs might be configured on an IP subnet basis. However,  
additional IP address might not be available to assign the phone to the same  
subnet as other devices connect to the same port.  
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Data traffic present on the data/native VLAN may reduce the quality of  
Voice-over-IP traffic.  
Network security may indicate a need to isolate the VLAN voice traffic from  
the VLAN data traffic.  
You can resolve these issues by isolating the voice traffic onto a separate VLAN.  
The switch port that the phone is connected to would be configured to have  
separate VLANs for carrying:  
Voice traffic to and from the IP phone (auxiliary VLAN, on the Cisco Catalyst  
6000 series, for example)  
Data traffic to and from the PC connected to the switch through the access  
port of the IP phone (native VLAN)  
Isolating the phones on a separate, auxiliary VLAN improves the quality of the  
voice traffic and allows a large number of phones to be added to an existing  
network where there are not enough IP addresses for each phone.  
For more information, refer to the documentation included with a Cisco switch.  
You can also access related documentation at this URL:  
Related Topics  
Network Configuration Menu Options, page 4-3  
Providing Power to the Cisco Unified IP Phone  
You can power a Cisco Unified IP Phone from an external power supply, from a  
switch port, or from a power source between the phone and the switch.  
The Cisco Unified IP Phone can be powered by the following sources:  
External power source—Optional Cisco AC adapter and power cord for  
connecting to a standard wall receptacle.  
WS-X6348-RJ45V 10/100 switching module—Inline power provider to the  
Cisco Unified IP Phone when connected to a Catalyst 6000 family  
10/100BaseTX switching module.  
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
This module sends power on pins 1 & 2 and 3 & 6, which are also used to  
transmit Ethernet signals. Before the switch sends power, it tests for the  
presence of a Cisco Unified IP Phone, avoiding damage to other Ethernet  
devices.  
Note  
Only the network port supports inline power from the  
Cisco Catalyst switches.  
WS-PWR-PANEL—Power patch panel that allows the  
Cisco Unified IP Phone to be connected to existing Catalyst 4000, 5000, and  
6000 family 10/100BaseTX switching modules.  
This module sends power on pins 4, 5, 7, & 8, which are not used for Ethernet  
signaling. Like the inline power, the power patch panel also attempts to verify  
that the attached device is a Cisco Unified IP Phone before providing power.  
Related Topics  
Installing the Cisco Unified IP Phone, page 3-8  
Power Outage  
Your accessibility to emergency service through the phone is dependent on the  
phone being powered. If there is an interruption in the power supply, Service and  
Emergency Calling Service dialing will not function until power is restored. In the  
case of a power failure or disruption, you may need to reset or reconfigure  
equipment before using the Service or Emergency Calling Service dialing.  
Related Topics  
Installing the Cisco Unified IP Phone, page 3-8  
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Chapter 2 Preparing to Install the Cisco Unified IP Phone on Your Network  
Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Understanding Phone Configuration Files  
Configuration files for a phone are stored on the TFTP server and define  
parameters for connecting to Cisco Unified CallManager. In general, any time  
you make a change in Cisco Unified CallManager that requires the phone to be  
reset, a change is made to the phone’s configuration file automatically.  
Configuration files also contain information about which image load the phone  
should be running. If this image load differs from the one currently loaded on a  
phone, the phone contacts the TFTP server to request the new image file.  
In addition, if the device security mode in the configuration file is set to  
Authenticated, the phone contains a valid LSC, and the CTL file on the phone has  
a valid certificate for Cisco Unified CallManager, the phone establishes a TLS  
connection to Cisco Unified CallManager. Otherwise, the phone establishes a  
TCP connection.  
Note  
If the device security mode in the configuration file is set to Authenticated or  
Encrypted but the phone does not contain a valid LSC or the CTL file on the phone  
does not have a valid certificate for Cisco Unified CallManager, the phone will  
continuously try to obtain a CTL file or try to install a valid certificate so that it  
can register securely.  
A phone requests a configuration file whenever it resets and registers with  
Cisco Unified CallManager.  
Note  
If a phone receives a CTL file with a valid certificate for the TFTP server, the  
phone requests a signed.cnf.xml.sgn configuration file instead the .cnf.xml file.  
A phone accesses a default configuration file named XmlDefault.cnf.xml from the  
TFTP server when the following conditions exist:  
You have enabled auto-registration in Cisco Unified CallManager  
The phone has not been added to the Cisco Unified CallManager Database  
The phone is registering for the first time  
The phone encounters an error while attempting to retrieve its configuration  
file from the TFTP server  
All other times, a phone accesses a .cnf.xml file corresponding to its device name.  
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Chapter 2 Preparing to Install the Cisco Unified IP Phone on Your Network  
Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
When connecting to the VoIP network, the Cisco Unified IP Phone goes through  
a standard startup process that is composed of several steps, as described in  
Table 2-1. Depending on your specific network configuration, not all of these  
steps may occur on your Cisco Unified IP Phone.  
Table 2-1 Cisco Unified IP Phone Startup Process (continued)  
Step  
Description  
Related Topics  
1. Obtaining Power  
from the Switch.  
You can connect the Cisco Unified IP Phone to a  
Cisco Catalyst switch with one of the modules that  
provides power to the phone (WS-X6348-RJ45V).  
If you use this optional configuration, the phone  
receives phantom power and powers up when you  
connect the Cisco Unified IP Phone to the switch.  
The phone then sends Cisco Discovery Protocol  
(CDP) notifications to the switch indicating that it  
is ready to receive CDP packets and indicating the  
power requirement for the phone. The switch  
allocates power and sends it over the network  
cable.  
Resolving Startup  
Problems,  
page 8-2.  
2. Loading the Stored  
The Cisco Unified IP Phone has non-volatile Flash Resolving Startup  
Phone Image.  
memory in which it stores firmware images and  
user-defined preferences. At startup, the phone  
runs a bootstrap loader that loads a phone image  
stored in Flash memory. Using this image, the  
phone initializes its software and hardware.  
Problems, page 8-2.  
3. Configuring VLAN. If the Cisco Unified IP Phone is connected to a  
Cisco Catalyst switch, the switch next informs the  
phone of the voice VLAN defined on the switch.  
The phone needs to know its VLAN membership  
before it can proceed with the Dynamic Host  
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request for an IP  
address.  
Network  
Configuration  
Menu Options,  
page 4-3.  
Resolving Startup  
Problems,  
page 8-2.  
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Table 2-1 Cisco Unified IP Phone Startup Process (continued)  
Step  
Description  
Related Topics  
4. Obtaining an IP  
Address.  
If the Cisco Unified IP Phone is using DHCP to  
obtain an IP address, the phone queries the DHCP  
server to obtain one. If you are not using DHCP in  
your network, you must assign static IP addresses  
to each phone locally.  
Network  
Configuration  
Menu Options,  
page 4-3.  
Resolving Startup  
Problems,  
page 8-2.  
5. Accessing a TFTP  
Server.  
In addition to assigning an IP address, the DHCP  
server directs the Cisco Unified IP Phone to a  
TFTP Server. If the phone has a statically-defined  
IP address, you must configure the TFTP server  
locally on the phone; the phone then contacts the  
TFTP server directly.  
Network  
Configuration  
Menu Options,  
page 4-3  
Resolving Startup  
Problems,  
page 8-2.  
6. Requesting the CTL Before requesting a configuration file, a phone  
Configuring  
file.  
accesses a CTL file. If you want a phone to use  
security features, the CTL file should be available.  
Security on the  
Cisco Unified IP  
Phone, page 3-16  
For information about creating the CTL file, refer  
to Cisco Unified CallManager Security Guide.  
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Table 2-1 Cisco Unified IP Phone Startup Process (continued)  
Step  
Description  
Related Topics  
7. Requesting the  
Configuration File.  
The TFTP server has configuration files, which  
define parameters for connecting to  
Cisco Unified CallManager and other information  
for the phone.  
Configuring  
Security on the  
Cisco Unified IP  
Phone, page 3-16  
Resolving Startup  
Problems,  
page 8-2.  
8. Contacting  
Cisco Unified  
CallManager.  
The configuration file defines how the  
Cisco Unified IP Phone communicates with  
Cisco Unified CallManager. After obtaining the  
file from the TFTP server, the phone attempts to  
make a connection to the highest priority  
Cisco Unified CallManager on the list. If security  
is implemented, the phone makes a TLS  
connection. Otherwise, it makes a non-secure TCP  
connection.  
Resolving Startup  
Problems, page 8-2.  
If the phone was manually added to the database,  
Cisco Unified CallManager identifies the phone.  
If the phone was not manually added to the  
database and auto-registration is enabled in  
Cisco Unified CallManager, the phone attempts to  
auto-register itself in the  
Cisco Unified CallManager database.  
Note  
Auto-registration must be disabled if  
security is implemented.  
Cisco Unified CallManager informs devices using  
.cnf format configuration files of their load ID.  
Devices using .xml format configuration files  
receive the load ID in the configuration file.  
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Methods for Adding Phones to the  
Cisco Unified CallManager Database  
Before installing the Cisco Unified IP phone, you must choose a method for  
adding phones to the Cisco Unified CallManager database. These sections  
describe the methods:  
Table 2-2 provides an overview of these methods for adding phones to the  
Cisco Unified CallManager database.  
Table 2-2 Methods for Adding Phones to the Cisco Unified CallManager  
Database  
Requires MAC  
Address?  
Method  
Notes  
Auto-registration  
No  
Provides no control over directory  
number assignment to phone.  
Not available when security or  
encryption is enabled.  
Auto-registration  
with TAPS  
No  
Requires auto-registration and the Bulk  
Administration Tool (BAT); updates the  
Cisco Unified CallManager database  
with the MAC address and DNs for the  
device when user calls TAPS from the  
phone.  
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Table 2-2 Methods for Adding Phones to the Cisco Unified CallManager  
Database  
Requires MAC  
Address?  
Method  
Notes  
Using the  
Yes  
Must add phones individually.  
Cisco Unified Call  
Manager  
Administration  
Using BAT  
Yes  
Can add groups of same model of phone.  
Can schedule when phones are added to  
the Cisco Unified CallManager  
database.  
Adding Phones with Auto-Registration  
By enabling auto-registration before you begin installing phones, you can:  
Automatically add a Cisco Unified IP Phone to the  
Cisco Unified CallManager database when you physically connect the phone  
to your IP telephony network. During auto-registration,  
Cisco Unified CallManager assigns the next available sequential directory  
number to the phone.  
Add phones without first gathering MAC addresses from the phones.  
Quickly enter phones into the Cisco Unified CallManager database and  
modify any settings, such as the directory numbers, from  
Cisco Unified CallManager.  
Move auto-registered phones to new locations and assign them to different  
device pools without affecting their directory numbers.  
Note  
You should use auto-registration to add less than 100 phones to your network. To  
add more than 100 phones to your network, use the Bulk Administration Tool  
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
In some cases, you might not want to use auto-registration: for example, if you  
want to assign a specific directory number to the phone or if you plan to  
implement authentication or encryption, as described in  
Cisco Unified CallManager Security Guide. For information about enabling  
auto-registration, refer to “Enabling Auto-Registration” in the  
Cisco Unified CallManager Administration Guide.  
Note  
Cisco Unified CallManager automatically disables auto-registration if you  
configure the cluster-wide security mode for authentication and encryption  
through the Cisco CTL client.  
Related Topics  
Adding Phones with Auto-Registration and TAPS  
TAPS, the Tool for Auto-Registered Phones Support, works with the Bulk  
Administration Tool (BAT) to update a batch of phones that were already added  
to the Cisco Unified CallManager database with dummy MAC addresses. You use  
TAPS to update MAC addresses and download pre-defined configurations for  
phones.  
You can add phones with auto-registration and TAPS without first gathering  
MAC addresses from phones.  
Note  
You should use auto-registration and TAPS to add less than 100 phones to your  
network. To add more than 100 phones to your network, use the Bulk  
Administration Tool (BAT). See the “Adding Phones with BAT” section on  
To implement TAPS, you or the end-user dial a TAPS directory number and follow  
voice prompts. When the process is complete, the phone will have downloaded its  
directory number and other settings, and the phone will be updated in  
Cisco Unified CallManager Administration with the correct MAC address.  
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Auto-registration must be enabled in Cisco Unified CallManager Administration  
(System > Cisco Unified CallManager) for TAPS to function.  
Note  
Cisco Unified CallManager automatically disables auto-registration if you  
configure the cluster-wide security mode for authentication and encryption  
through the Cisco CTL client.  
Refer to Bulk Administration Tool User Guide for Cisco Unified CallManager for  
detailed instructions about BAT and about TAPS.  
Related Topics  
Adding Phones with Cisco Unified CallManager Administration  
You can add phones individually to the Cisco Unified CallManager database  
using Cisco Unified CallManager Administration. To do so, you first need to  
obtain the MAC address for each phone.  
For information about determining a MAC address, see the “Determining the  
After you have collected MAC addresses, choose Device > Add a New Device in  
Cisco Unified CallManager Administration to begin.  
For complete instructions and conceptual information about  
Cisco Unified CallManager, refer to Cisco Unified CallManager Administration  
Guide and to Cisco Unified CallManager System Guide.  
Related Topics  
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Chapter 2 Preparing to Install the Cisco Unified IP Phone on Your Network  
Understanding the Phone Startup Process  
Adding Phones with BAT  
The Cisco Bulk Administration Tool (BAT) is a plug-in application for  
Cisco Unified CallManager that enables you to perform batch operations,  
including registration, on multiple phones.  
Before you can add phones using BAT only (not in conjunction with TAPS), you  
must obtain the MAC address for each phone.  
For information about determining a MAC address, see the “Determining the  
For detailed instructions about using BAT, refer to Cisco Unified CallManager  
Administration Guide and to Bulk Administration Tool User Guide for  
Cisco Unified CallManager.  
Related Topics  
Determining the MAC Address of a  
Cisco Unified IP Phone  
You can determine the MAC address for a phone in any of these ways:  
From the phone, choose Settings > Model Information and look at the  
MAC Address field.  
Look at the MAC label on the back of the phone.  
Display the web page for the phone and click the Device Information  
hyperlink.  
For information about accessing the web page, see the “Accessing the Web  
Page for a Phone” section on page 7-2.  
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