IP Router
MENU-DRIVEN USER INTERFACE
USER MANUAL
Part Number: 770-0015 AM
Product Release: 1.8
May 2004
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PREFACE
Preface
Warranty
Carrier Access warrants to BUYER that Products are free from substantial defect in material and
workmanship under normal use given proper installation and maintenance for period of five (5) years
from the date of shipment by Carrier Access. This warranty shall not apply to Products that have been
either resold or transferred from BUYER’s customer to any other party. Any such transfer shall void
the above warranty.
BUYER will promptly notify Carrier Access of any defect in the Product. Carrier Access or its agent
will have the right to inspect the Product or workmanship on BUYER’s premises or BUYER’s
customer’s premises. Carrier Access has the option to: (a) repair, replace, or service at its factory or
on the premises the Product or workmanship found to be defective; or (b) credit BUYER for the
PRODUCT in accordance with Carrier Access’s depreciation policy. Refurbished material may be
used to repair or replace the Product. Products returned to Carrier Access for repair, replacement, or
service will be shipped prepaid by BUYER.
Limitation of Warranty & Limitation of Remedies
Correction of defects by repair, replacement, or service will be at Carrier Access’s option and
constitute fulfillment of all obligations to BUYER for breach of warranty.
Carrier Access assumes no warranty liability with respect to defects in the Product caused by:
a. modification, repair, installation, operation, or maintenance of the Product by
anyone other than Carrier Access or its agent, except as described in Carrier
Access’s documentation; or
b. the negligent or other improper use of the Product; or
c. handling or transportation after title of the Product passes to BUYER.
Other manufacturer’s equipment purchased by Carrier Access and resold to BUYER will be limited
to that manufacturer’s warranty. Carrier Access assumes no warranty liability for other
manufacturer’s equipment furnished by BUYER.
BUYER understands and agrees as follows: THE WARRANTIES IN THIS AGREEMENT
REPLACE ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AND ALL OTHER
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Preface
Warranty
OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES OF CARRIER ACCESS, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES ARE DISCLAIMED AND EXCLUDED BY CARRIER ACCESS.
THE REMEDIES CONTAINED IN THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE THE SOLE AND
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE, AND
CARRIER ACCESS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INJURIES OR DAMAGES TO PERSONS OR
PROPERTY RESULTING FROM ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF
INJURIES OR DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE GROSS NEGLIGENCE OF CARRIER ACCESS.
THIS LIMITATION APPLIES TO ALL SERVICES, SOFTWARE, AND PRODUCTS DURING
AND AFTER THE WARRANTY PERIOD. IN NO EVENT WILL CARRIER ACCESS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR
COMMERCIAL LOSSES EVEN IF CARRIER ACCESS HAS BEEN ADVISED THEREOF.
No agent, Distributor, or representative is authorized to make any warranties on behalf of Carrier
Access or to assume for Carrier Access any other liability in connection with any of Carrier Access’s
Products, software, or services.
Warranty Product Returns
Before returning any equipment to Carrier Access Corporation, first contact the distributor or dealer
from which you purchased the product.
A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number is required for all equipment returned to Carrier
Access Corporation. Call Carrier Access Corporation Customer Support at (800) 786-9929 or (303)
442-5455 for RMA number, repair/warranty information and shipping instructions. Be prepared to
provide the following information:
Carrier Access Corporation serial number(s) from the system chassis or circuit card(s)
Name of distributor or dealer from which you purchased the product
Description of defect
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Table of Contents
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Maneuvering in the System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Scroll Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Select Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Edit Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Help Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Connecting to the Router. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Establish a Telnet Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Set a New Password. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
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Management Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
System Time/Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Admin Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Enhanced Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
To Setup the Router for Uploads/Downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Load Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12
Software Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13
Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
RIP Mode Receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
DNS Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14
Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
Network Time Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-18
SysLog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20
DNS Resolver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22
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LAN (Local) Profile Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
LAN IP: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
LAN IPX:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Setup < >. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Link Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Static Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Static Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Advertise Network/Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
LAN Collision Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37
Secondary IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40
Link Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
Remote (WAN) Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Security/Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Static/VPN Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
VPN - > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Static NAT Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
NAT Bypass Subnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Static Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Firewall Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Filter Network/Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40
Trunk Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43
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Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Start Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2
Routing Protocol/Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
SNMP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-12
Setup Complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-13
Ping Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
Trace Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Networks/Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Address Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
10
Exit Window
Logout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-2
Reinitialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-3
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Basic Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Public IP Address Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
Public IP Address Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4
Back-to-Back with PPP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
route entries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
Unable to access the Local (LAN) Router unit via Telnet. . . . . . . . . C-4
Unable to access a remote unit via Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
Diagnostics and Performance Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5
Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
System Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7
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Table of Contents
Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-8
Identify Alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-8
Clear Alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10
Glossary
Index
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Introduction
Overview
Overview
This manual covers the Router menu-driven user interface only, all other information
for the Router can be found in the Adit 600 User Manual.
The Router can be configured using CLI via telnet or through the Router Menu-driven
Software.
Installation
The IP Router card can be installed into any of the service card slots (1-6) of the Adit
600 chassis. This card is hot-swappable, therefore the card can be removed and
replaced without bringing down the system or with or without power to the unit.
Install a Router Card
1. Slide the Router card into a service card slot of the chassis.
2. Press firmly into slot to engage, until card is seated completely.
3. Card has completed bootup when a solid Red CRD light (an LED) is displayed.
Maneuvering in the System
[TAB] moves from one field to the next.
Keyboard arrows move to the next field in the direction of the arrow.
[ ] Items in brackets are scrollable options. With the Spacebar the operator can move
through the selections.
[ENTER] displays the window for the selected feature or to enter a alphanumeric value.
[ESC] Exit and return to previous window or to the Main Menu.
Help Bar - is displayed along the bottom of the window and lists options for the
selected feature.
The Router software contains three different field types that may be used in entering
information: scroll, select and edit.
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Introduction
Fields
Fields
Scroll Field
A field enclosed in angle brackets is a scrollable option field. While the field is
selected use the following keystrokes:
[SPACEBAR] will scroll forward through the options
[ENTER] will open the option’s window or accept the entered value.
Example: Terminal: <vt100>
Select Field
A field followed by –> is a selectable field, which causes an action to be performed,
highlight the field and press [ENTER] to perform the action, for example, to enter
the Trunk Port Setup screen.
Example: SETUP <Trunk> –>
Some selectable fields, such as Main Menu options, are also a scrollable option
field. For example, <Events>–>. Press the [SPACEBAR] to select the desired option
and then press [ENTER] to perform the action.
Edit Field
A field value enclosed in parentheses ( ) may be modified by entering an
alphanumeric character.
Example: SYSTEM NAME: (Adit)
You will note that many editable fields are displayed with a default value. To
change this value, highlight the field and type over the existing entry or press
[DELETE] and then enter new value. Note: these fields are case sensitive. To enter
this value press [ENTER].
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Introduction
Help Bar
Help Bar
The IP Router provides field specific help that is displayed at the bottom of the window.
The help text will indicate if the field is scrollable or editable and provide a brief
description of the field. If it is a selectable field, it will state what to do to invoke the
action to be performed.
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Introduction
Connecting to the Router
Connecting to the Router
Establish a Telnet Session
1. Use the telnet {rtr_card-addr}CLI command to connect to the Router
card. The following example is when the router is located in slot 5.
> telnet 5
Connected.
Escape character is ’^]’.
Attempting Carrier Access QTSR connection...
QTSR [Sat Apr 10, 2004 10:51:23] (<CR> to login)
2. Select [ENTER] or <CR> to log in.
Password >
3. Enter default password (admin) and press [ENTER].
Password >*****
Select a terminal type...
(<space> or <back-space> to toggle, <CR> to accept)
Terminal: <VT100>
4. Select Terminal Type: scroll through options with the [SPACEBAR] and then
[ENTER] to select. Recommended <generic>.
Terminal: <generic>
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Introduction
Connecting to the Router
Set a New Password
If you have logged in with a default password, for security reasons the password should
be changed, the system directs the user to do so.
> telnet 3
Connected.
Escape character is ’^]’.
Attempting Carrier Access QTSR connection...
QTSR [Wed Apr 10, 2004 5:51:21] (<CR> to login)
Password >*****
Select a terminal type...
(<space> or <back-space> to toggle, <CR> to accept)
Terminal: <generic>
You have logged in with a default password.
For security reasons the password should be changed.
Complete the change request and record your new password
for future use.
Password Change Request
(Valid QTSR passwords are from 5 to 15 alpha-numeric
characters)
NEW Password >******
RETYPE Password >******
After a successful login, the system prompts the user to change the password from the
default.
1. Type in New Password, and press [ENTER]
2. Retype in New Password, and press [ENTER]
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Management Window
Management Overview
Management Overview
The Management Menu contains the system components of the IP Router software.
This section is used to define security parameters, factory default settings, as well as
providing software loading and configuration settings for the Router
Management Menu options allow the user to:
l Establish the system security features
l Install and backup system software
l Backup and install configuration settings
l Default system parameters to factory settings
NOTE: Two simultaneous sessions are allowed to access the Router
software. For example, one local and one remote (one must be accessing
with the VIEW level).
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Management Window
System Time/Login
This screen provides the basic system and security options for the Router card.
The IP Router is equipped with three password levels and an enhanced security
password.
Level 1 VIEW
allows the user to view only, no changes are allowed.
Level 2 CONFIG allows the user to view and change all screens.
Level 3 ADMIN allows the user to view and change all screens, terminate
users, as well as change all three passwords.
The Enhanced Security option provides an additional level of security for the
network administrator.
System Date and Time
The time and date values are used for reporting purposes. Enter the date in the
following format: Mmm DD, YYYY. Immediately follow the date with the desired
time entry. The appropriate time format is HH:MM:SS (hour:minute:second).
Press [TAB] to proceed to the next field.
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Management Window
System Time/Login
Auto-Logout Timer
This field defines the minutes of inactivity before the current session is terminated.
The default time is 30 minutes. Type the desired auto-logout time (between 1-255).
NOTE: Any changes that have not been saved will be lost when the timer
is activated.
View Password
Users assigned to this level may view only, no changes are allowed. The default
VIEW password is "public". This field must be unique from the CONFIG and
ADMIN passwords. The field may be a 5-15 characters alphanumeric value.
Config Password
Users assigned to this level may view and change all screens. The default
CONFIG password is "config". This entry must be unique from the VIEW and
ADMIN passwords. The field may be a 5-15 character alphanumeric value.
Admin Password
Users assigned to this level may view and change all screens, as well as change all
three password levels. The default ADMIN password is "admin". This entry must
be unique from the VIEW and CONFIG passwords. The field value may be a
5-15 character alphanumeric value.
NOTE: If the default login passwords are not changed, the user will be
prompted, at each login, to enter new passwords at the CONFIG and
ADMIN levels.
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Management Window
System Time/Login
Enhanced Security
The Enhanced Security option provides another level of password security that
restricts access to the Main Menu via Telnet or the Async port. It can be used by a
Network Administrator to only allow those with the Enhanced Security password
to make configuration changes. When enabled, this option hides the system login
prompt until the appropriate password is entered.
1. Use the [SPACEBAR] to select Enable and [TAB] to enter this selection.
2. The Change Enhanced Security Password - > field will display. Select
[ENTER] to change password. You will be requested to enter the password
twice to confirm. Change Password of All Levels.
When Telneting into the Router with Enhanced Security enabled, the
following will appear:
> telnet 1
Connected.
Escape character is ’^]’.
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Management Window
System Time/Login
1. Type the Enhanced Security Password here.
NOTE: Note: there will be no effect to the screen here until the correct
password is typed in. When the correct password is typed, no return or
other keystroke is needed, the following will appear:
Password >
WARNING! IF ENHANCED SECURITY IS ENABLED, AND THE ADMINISTRATOR
DOES NOT NOTE THE PASSWORD THERE IS NO WAY TO ACCESS THE ROUTER
UNTIL YOU HAVE RESET THE ROUTER BACK TO IT’S DEFAULT SETTINGS, LOSING
ALL CONFIGURATION SETTINGS. SEE set [rtr_card-addr} default.
2. At this point the Router is requesting your Level 1, 2 or 3 User Password. Enter
your password and select [ENTER] and continue as you would Telnet into the
Router as normal.
Password >******
Select a terminal type...
(<space> or <back-space> to toggle, <CR> to accept)
Terminal: <generic>
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Management Window
Upload/Download
Upload/Download
WARNING! BEFORE LOADING A DOWN-LEVEL OF ROUTER CODE TO AN
ADIT, SAVE THE CONFIGURATION TO A FILE. CONFIGURATION MAY BE RESET TO
THE DEFAULT SETTING AND CURRENT CONFIGURATION LOST.
This window allows the network administrator management of devices and users
authorized to perform:
l Installation of software
l Backup of software and configuration settings (via tftp)
The IP Router management enables a network administrator to perform a Router Code
Upload from a central location via the LAN or WAN connection using TFTP. A Code
Download can also be performed as a backup (binary image) of the software. Config
Upload and Config Download can be performed remotely via TFTP to install and
backup the IP Router’s configuration to and from a binary file.
There is an additional option to upload code to the IP Router, with the CLI command
load {slot-number} tftp {ip-addr}{"file-name"}
To Setup the Router for Uploads/Downloads
1. Select Management: <Upload/Download> from the Main Menu, and
[ENTER].
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Management Window
Upload/Download
2. Select [CTRL A] to add a TFTP Upload/Download User.
NOTE: The IP Address 1. (* ) will display. The * denotes any IP Address on
the defined Client Site. The user may define a specific IP Address for Uploads/
Downloads, by replacing the *, or by Adding another Upload/Download User.
3. Select the Client Site
Selection is: <Local LAN> (default) or RemoteUnits that have been set up.
4. Press [ESC] to save your changes and return to the Main Menu. These changes
will go into effect immediately.
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Management Window
Upload/Download
Upload/Download Setup Menu Fields
Feature and Release Key Options
Options may be available to purchase, to upgrade the IP Router. Once this option
is purchased, a key code will be given to enable the feature on this product. For
more information please call Customer Service.
Reboot After Load Code
Use this option to automatically reboot the IP Router after software is successfully
installed. A software load verification verifies that the new software is good before
the unit will accept it. If it is determined to be bad or damaged, the IP Router will
reject it and continue to use the original software.
Reboot After Load Config
Use this option to automatically reboot the IP Router after a configuration file is
successfully installed.
IP Address
The IP Address field is use to identify which device(s) will be allowed to perform
config and/or code uploads and downloads. A “*” in this field will allow all devices
at the selected Client Site to perform Uploads/Downloads.
Client Site
This field identifies the profile the Router will use to reach the IP Address entered
in the previous field. If <Local LAN> is selected, it indicates the device can be
reached via the LAN. If the device can be reached via a WAN connection, you
should select one of the Remote (WAN) profiles.
Code Upload/Download
Use this field option to enable Code Upload/Download and authorize the IP
Address to perform a Code Upload and Code Download. When new software is
installed on the Router, a software load verification checks and verifies that the
new software is good before the unit will accept it. If it is determined to be bad or
damaged, the IP Router will reject it and continue to use the original software.
Acceptable binary file extensions are .mgm or .MGM.
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Management Window
Upload/Download
Config Upload/Download
This option to enables Config Upload/Download and defines an IP Address to
perform this function. Config Upload allows the device(s) in the IP Address field
to transfer, or restore, a previously backed up configuration file to the IP Router via
TFTP. Config Download defines an IP Address to save a backup copy of the IP
Router’s configuration settings to a file. Acceptable file extensions are “.cfg” or
“.CFG”.
NOTE: Code and Config uploads will require a reboot of the unit before the
changes take effect.
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Management Window
Load Defaults
Load Defaults
Use the Load Defaults option to reset the Router software to the factory defaults. This
option will delete all configuration settings, including the passwords.
Use the [SPACEBAR] to choose <Yes> and press [ENTER]. If you have a Telnet
connection to the unit, your session will be terminated.
1. Select Management <Load Defaults> from the Main Menu, and select
[ENTER].
2. A dialog box will display confirming that you want to load factory defaults.
3. Select <YES> with the [SPACEBAR] and select [ENTER].
4. Defaults will be loaded.
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Management Window
Software Images
Software Images
Use the Software Images option to switch the active with the backup application
images stored in the Router.
1. Select Management <Software Images> from the Main Menu, and select
[Enter].
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Management Window
Software Images
Choices
Show Current Images - will display the application images stored in the Router
(shown above).
Switch Appl. Images - Switch the active with the backup application images stored in
the router. Note: More than one software image must be loaded (7.0 or later) for an
active and a backup image to display.
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CHAPTER
In this Chapter
n Overview
n Configuration
n RIP Mode Receive
n RIP Mode Send
n Trunk
n Security
n SNMP
n DNS Proxy
n Spanning Tree Protocol
n Network Time Protocol
n SysLog
n DNS Resolver
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
Overview
Overview
The Router Card Profile of the Profile Directory is used to review/configure the
Network Time Protocol, DNS Proxy, DNS Resolver, RIP mode, Spanning Tree
Protocol, Security, SNMP, Syslog and Trunk parameters.
Configuration
1. Select Configuration: <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and select
[ENTER].
Main Menu
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RIP Mode Receive
2. Select Router CARD <Setup -> and select [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
Router
Card
Configuration
Window
RIP Mode Receive
Selection is: <RIP1>, <RIP2>, or <RIP1/RIP2>.
RIP Mode Send
Selection is: <RIP1>, <RIP2>, or <RIP1/RIP2>.
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Trunk
Trunk
This window is used to configure the Trunk setup for the Router. Although the Router
is designed to connect remote sites over dedicated connections, the unit supports a
number of different encapsulation protocols simultaneously, including Frame Relay
and PPP. The Router provides the flexibility to allow the user to define which slots will
be used for the selected WAN protocol.
1. Select Trunk < Configure -> and select [ENTER].
2. All WAN connections will display in this window. To select the WAN
Connection Type, [TAB] to the Type on the specific WAN Link #, use the
[SPACEBAR] to select the Type (PPP, MLPPP, PPP in Frame Relay or Frame
Relay 1490) and select [ENTER]. For more information on this window, see
Trunk Port Fields Definitions on the next page.
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Trunk
Trunk Setup Menu Fields
WAN Link #
This field displays the WAN Link Number (1-24) for the WAN Connection and the WAN
Connection Type information.
WAN Connection
The WAN Connection displays the current connection of this WAN, in the form of
{slot:port:channel}.
WAN Connection Type
The value in this field determines the type of protocol encapsulation that will be used for the
selected WAN.
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol. Provides a standard means of encapsulating data packets sent over a single-
channel WAN link. It is the standard WAN encapsulation protocol for the inter- operability of bridges
and routers. Note: When a Multilink Group is selected, WAN Connection Type will display
<MLPPP>
MLPPP
MultiLink PPP. When PPP is selected and a Multilink group is chosen the WAN
Connection Type will display MLPPP.
PPP in Frame Relay
Point-to-Point Protocol encapsulated in Frame Relay.
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Trunk
Frame Relay 1490
A packet-switching protocol for connecting devices on a WAN. Frame Relay networks in the U.S.
support data transfer rates at T1 (1.544 Mbps) and T3 (45 Mbps) speeds. Frame Relay service is
provided for customers who want connections at 56 Kbps to T1 speeds.
PVC Management
Field
Disabled
Annex D
Description
Disables PVC Management
Frame Relay standard
Poll Interval Range is between 5-30
Poll Counter Range is between 1-255
Local Management Interface
Poll Interval Range is between 5-30
Poll Counter Range is between 1-255
LMI
Multilink Group
Specifies a trunk as part of a multilink PPP group. Selection is: <None> or <1> through
<24>. Available only when PPP connection type is selected. Note: When a Multilink
Group is selected, WAN Connection Type will display <MLPPP>.
Data Speed
The Data Speed will specify the data speed for each DS0 in the given trunk.
Selection is: <56K> or <64K>. The default is 64K.
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
Security
Security
1. Select Security < Configure -> and select [ENTER].
The fields on this screen may be used to define the authentication process for the Local
Unit.
Security
Setup
Window
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Security
Authentication by Remote
Protocol: CHAP, PAP or NONE
Use this first field to identify the authentication protocol to be used by remote units when
authenticating this unit.
<CHAP> Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
<CHAP> Secret
Select [ENTER] and a NEW Password dialog box will display. Enter a 1 - 15 character
password and select [ENTER] and a RETYPE Password dialog box will display. Retype
password and select [ENTER]. Password is now set.
<PAP> Password Authentication Protocol
<PAP> Password
Same as above <CHAP> Secret.
<NONE > No authentication protocol. <NONE> is the default.
User ID
Use this field to define the local unit’s User ID. During the authentication process, the local unit will
send a name or User ID, along with the authentication protocol’s secret or password (see above). Use
the [SPACEBAR] to scroll between <Local Profile Name> (the default value) and <Local Custom
Name>. If set at <Local Profile Name>, the local unit will send the 11 character unit name which
was defined on the Local (LAN) Profile screen. If this field is set to <Local Custom Name> you may
define a 32 character maximum alphanumeric value to represent the User ID which is sent during the
authentication process. Defining a custom User ID simply gives the end user more flexibility for this
value.
To assign a custom User ID, set the USER ID field to <Local Custom Name> and press [TAB]. Up
to ten (10) custom names may be configured.
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Security
Authentication of Remote
Protocol: CHAP, PAP or NONE
Use this field to identify the authentication protocol to be used by this IP Router when authenticating
remote devices.
Local Security Server
The router supports a configuration setting for each router card to determine how the router card
logins are to be authenticated, as per one of the following choices: authenticate router logins
from the router card local database (default), authenticate router logins by having the controller
send a RADIUS access-request message to the controller’s RADIUS servers, or authenticate
router logins identically to controller logins. The last choice will cause the router logins to be
authenticated either via RADIUS or the controller’s database of users and passwords, as
configured for the controller. This configuration is done with Controller CLI only (no menu
support).
Type
Use the [SPACEBAR] to choose the security authentication method that you are using.
<None> Use this setting if the Local unit will be used to authenticate remote devices. Please note
that you may not use the <None> setting if the Security Server field for a remote device has been set
to <External Server>
<RADIUS> Will set the server to use the RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In Service)
protocol. RADIUS is a client/server-based authentication software system.
<TACACS+> Will set the server to use the TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access
Control System) protocol. TACACS+ provides services of authentication, authorization
and accounting independently.
Address
Enter the IP Address of the local server that will be used during the authentication process. If <None>
was selected in the <Type> field, this field will be disabled.
Password
Enter the password of the local server that will be used during the authentication process. You must
make sure that the password entered into the server is the same as the value entered here or the
authentication process will fail. If <None> was selected in the <Type> field, this field will be
disabled.
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
SNMP
SNMP
By defining specific IP Addresses, devices may be specified to manage the Local Unit
via SNMP.
NOTE: The IP Router is compatible with the Standard MIB and MIB II.
1. Select SNMP < Configure -> and select [ENTER].
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SNMP
Use the SNMP setup window to setup SNMP configurations.
SNMP
Setup
Window
SYS Name
Set the value of sysName. Value has a maximum of 64 ASCII characters.
SYS Contact
Set the value of sysContact. Value has a maximum of 64 ASCII characters.
SYS Location
Set the value of sysLocation. Value has a maximum of 64 ASCII characters.
SNMP Community Name(s)
Use these fields to specify the community name, address and access privileges of devices
needing to communicate with the Local (LAN) Unit through SNMP. If no IP Addresses is
defined on this screen, any device may access the local unit using the IP Address assigned on
the Local (LAN) Profile Setup screen, regardless of the specified community name. The values
entered in these fields will be used by the SNMP program as verification of entry into the IP
Router.
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SNMP
Name
Enter the community name(s) of the device to access the Local (LAN) Unit through SNMP.
Community names entered into the SNMP program MUST match the values entered here or access
for remote management will not be allowed. The default community name is public, new community
names can have a maximum of 10 characters.
Address
Enter the corresponding IP Address of the device(s) that were entered in the Name field.
Access
<Read> device is allowed to view the settings, but cannot make any changes
<Write> device is allowed to make changes but not view settings
<Both> device is allowed to both read and write privileges
SNMP Trap Destinations
SNMP
Setup
Window
1. Select SNMP Trap Destination - > and select [ENTER].
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SNMP
This window defines the SNMP Trap Destinations to which the Router will report alarm
information.
SNMP
Setup
Window
Name
Enter the community name(s) of the devices to which the Router will report. The default community
name is public. To enter a new community name, highlight the field and type the desired value, with
a maximum of 10 characters.
Address
Enter the corresponding IP Address of the device that was entered in the Name field.
Location
<Local LAN>, <RemoteUnit>
Available options are the <Local LAN> and all defined Remote (WAN) Units, defined in the Profile
Directory (there can be up to 24).
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
DNS Proxy
DNS Proxy
The DNS (Domain Name Server) Proxy specifies the IP address of DNS name servers
to be used by the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) clients.
1. Select DNS Proxy < Configure -> and select [ENTER].
2. Type [CTRL A] to Add a DNS Proxy.
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
DNS Proxy
3. Enter the appropriate data in the following fields.
Domain Name
Define a name for the Domain with up to 41 characters.
DNS Server
Enter the IP Address for the DNS Server.
Site
This field lists the Local LAN and all the RemoteUnit that have a profile created for them. Use the
[SPACEBAR] to scroll through the list.
4. Select [ESC] and <YES> to exit the window and save changes.
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree Protocol configures the global setup for using the Spanning Tree
Algorithm as specified in the IEEE 802.1D specification.
1. Select Spanning Tree Protocol < Configure -> and select [ENTER].
2. To enable Spanning Tree, scroll <Disabled> to <Enabled>, with the
[SPACEBAR], select [ENTER].
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
Spanning Tree Protocol
3. Enter the appropriate data in the following fields.
Bridge Hello Time
The Bridge Hello Time specifies the time interval between transmissions of Topology Change
Notification BPDUs towards the Root when the Bridge is attempting to notify the Designated Bridge
on the LAN to which its Root Port is attached of a topology change. The value can range from 1 to
10 seconds, with a default of 2 seconds.
Bridge Max Age
The Bridge Max Age value specifies the maximum age of received protocol information before it is
discarded. The value can range from 6 to 40 seconds, with a default of 20 seconds.
Bridge Forward Delay
The Bridge Forward Delay is the time spent by a Port in the Listening or Learning States before
transitioning to the Learning or Forwarding State, respectively. The value can range from 4 to 30
seconds, with a default of 15 seconds.
Bridge Priority
The Bridge Priority is the priority part of the bridge identifier. The value can range from 0 to 65535,
with a default of 32768.
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
Network Time Protocol
Network Time Protocol
The Network Time Protocol is a protocol which sets the network to a common time
system for Internet hosts, based off of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
1. Select Network Time Protocol < Configure -> and select [ENTER].
2. To enable Network Time Protocol, scroll <Disabled> to <Enabled>, with the
[SPACEBAR], select [ENTER].
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Network Time Protocol
3. Enter the appropriate data in the following fields.
Network Time Protocol
<Disabled> to disable Network Processing.
<Enabled> to enable Network Processing. The following items appear once enabled.
NTP Server Address
The NTP Server Address specifies the IP address of the NTP server. Setting the NTP server value to
0.0.0.0 will cause the router to listen to and process NTP broadcasts.
Poll Interval
The Poll Interval specifies the polling of the NTP server to a defined number of seconds. The range
(in seconds) is from 16 to1024 seconds, with a default of 16.
Time Zone Offset HOURS
The hours Time Zone Offset is used to calculate gateway time from GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
Range is -12 to 12.
Time Zone Offset MINUTES
The minutes Time Zone Offset is used to calculate gateway time from GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
Range is 0 to 60.
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
SysLog
SysLog
The Syslog client capability enables or disables sending alarm and event messages to
an external Syslog server from the Router.
1. Select SysLog Configure -> and select [ENTER].
2. To enable SysLog (System Log Message Service), scroll <Disabled> to
<Enable>, with the [SPACEBAR], select [ENTER].
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
SysLog
3. Enter the appropriate data in the following fields.
SysLog
To enable the SysLog, use the [SPACEBAR] to scroll <Disabled> to <Enabled> and select [TAB]
or [ENTER]. The window will now display the optional settings for Sys Log.
Facility
The value can range from 0 to 23, with a default of 16.
Level
The value can range from 0 to 7, with a default of 3. Level 3 is Alarms and level 5 is Events.
Server IP Address
The server IP Address is a unique, dotted decimal notation entry that is used for data routing purposes.
This IP address of the SysLog Server or the Host that has the SysLog Server software running.
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Profile Directory: Router Card Profile
DNS Resolver
DNS Resolver
The DNS Resolver enables the use of the Domain Name Service (DNS) resolver to
convert domain names to IP addresses.
1. Select DNS Resolver Configure -> and select [ENTER].
2. To enable DNS Resolver, scroll <Disabled> to <Enable>, with the
[SPACEBAR], select [ENTER].
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DNS Resolver
3. Enter the appropriate data in the following fields.
DNS Resolver Setup Menu Fields
DNS Resolver
Disable/Enable use of DNS resolver to convert domain names to IP addresses.
My Domain Name
Set the default domain that the DNS resolver will add to any name queries that are not fully qualified.
Identifier of up to 43 characters.
My Node Name
Set the CMG card’s host name. Identifier of up to 15 characters.
DNS Primary Server IP Address
Configure IP address of DNS server #1.
DNS Secondary Server IP Address
Configure IP address of DNS server #2.
DNS Resolver Cache Contents
<Flush> - will clear the cache contents
<Display> - will display the cache contents
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DNS Resolver
Static Host List: View or Modify - >
Select the Static Host List: View or Modify - > and press [ENTER]. If any changes were made the
system will prompt you to save changes before leaving this window. Scroll the <No> to <Yes> to
save.
Note: The following fields must be entered before the Static Host List window can be opened: My
Domain Name, My Node Name and 1 DNS IP Address.
4. After the configuration is saved, the DNS Static Host window displays and a
Static Host can be added or modifed.
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DNS Resolver
5. If any changes are made they must be saved when exiting the window.
#
Number of Static Hosts set up. A maximum of 33 can be entered.
IP Address
IP address of the static host.
Host Name
Enter the filter name, with a maximum of 42 characters, no spaces or numbers.
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DNS Resolver
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CHAPTER
In this Chapter
n Filters
n LAN Collision Threshold
n Spanning Tree
n Secondary IP Address
n Link Speed
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
The Local (LAN) Profile Setup is found in Configuration <Profile Directory>/
LocalUnit LAN <Setup ->.
Main Menu
Profile
Directory
window
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
LAN (Local) Profile Setup
Local
Profile
window
LAN (Local) Profile Setup
The LAN Profile is the largest, most detailed portion of the Router software. The fields
on this screen allow definition of how data transmission will occur on the Router LAN
port. This includes defining the protocol(s) that it will use to send and receive data,
defining security protocols, specifying which LAN servers and networks will be
advertised to WAN units, and establishing specific data filtering options.
The LAN profile is used in conjunction with the WAN profiles. The WAN profiles
identify which remote units the local unit can communicate with, as well as the data
transmission requirements of each remote.
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
LAN (Local) Profile Setup
In addition to the fields on this screen, there are several other areas that directly relate
to the communication abilities of the Router. You may use the fields at the bottom of
this screen to access the following areas:
l Defining static addresses at the local unit
l Establishing static networks
l Establishing Remote (WAN) advertising
l Establishing DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay Agent parameters
l Defining data filters
The Router can accommodate a maximum of 500 filters, such as those created when
establishing static routes or data filters. The following entries consume a filter:
l Configured address, custom and protocol filters
l Static IP networks and static IPX networks
l Enabling any learned items listed on the Advertise Network/Server screen or
Filter Network/Server screen
l Static IP and MAC Addresses
l Firewall filters
In a large network, it is necessary to selectively use of each of these options so that the
number of configured filters is within the maximum allowed.
The Local Profile is used to define the Local (LAN) port parameters for the unit at the
present location.
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
LAN (Local) Profile Setup
To Setup a Local Profile:
1. Select Configuration: <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and press
[ENTER].
Local
Profile
window
2. Select LAN < Setup -> and press [ENTER].
LAN
Profile
window
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
LAN (Local) Profile Setup
Local Profile Setup Menu Fields
Profile Setup for (LocalUnit)
The (LocalUnit) is the default name for this unit and will be used during the authentication
process to ensure this unit’s identity. This name can easily by changed by simply typing over
the "LocalUnit" and saving when closing this window. This name can be up to 11 characters.
Protocol
This column includes three protocol options, IP, IPX and Other. These protocols are used to
define Frame Types and LAN Network Updates to be used by this IP Router.
Frame Types
Define the frame type of the packets that are sent and received by the IP Router. If a packet is
received formatted in a frame type that has not been enabled, the IP Router will not accept the
data.
Note that multiple frame types may be supported simultaneously for IPX and Other protocols.
802.2
When selected (X) this IP router may send and receive packets that match the 802.2 format. The
802.2 format complies with IEEE specifications.
Eth II
When selected (X) this IP Router may send and receive packets that match the Ethernet II format.
Note that the IP protocol commonly uses this format.
SNAP
When selected (X) this IP Router may send and receive packets that match the SNAP (Subnet
Network Address Protocol) format.
802.3
When selected (X) this IP Router may send and receive packets that match Novell’s X802.3 format.
LAN Network Updates
Use the LAN Network Updates field to determine whether the Local (LAN) unit will learn, via
RIP and SAP packets, which networks and services are attached to the local LAN, and whether
Remote (WAN) networks and services will be advertised to the LAN. If this information is
learned, it may be advertised to remote devices if advertising is established. Use the
[SPACEBAR] to select from the following options: <Both>, <Neither>, <Send> and
<Receive>.
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LAN (Local) Profile Setup
When set to <Both>, the local Unit will accept the RIPs and SAPs from the LAN and the
networks and services learned from the WAN will be broadcast to the LAN.
LAN
WAN
Local
unit
Remote
unit
<Both> send and receive network/service
information to/from LAN
The <Send> value will enable the local Unit to send to the LAN information regarding the
networks and services that it has learned from remote devices on the WAN. However, the unit
will not accept RIPs and SAPs from the LAN.
LAN
WAN
Local
unit
Remote
unit
<Send> network/service
information from remote to LAN
When this field value is set to <Receive>, the local Unit will monitor the RIPs and SAPs on the
LAN, learn the available networks and services and then pass this information on to the
appropriate remote units on the WAN. Network information from the WAN, however, will not
be broadcast to the LAN.
LAN
WAN
Local
unit
Remote
unit
<Receive> network/service information
from the LAN and send to the remotes
The <Neither> value will not allow the local Unit to send or receive information regarding
networks and services on the LAN.
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LAN (Local) Profile Setup
LAN IP:
IP Address
This is the IP Address of this IP Router, used to uniquely identify the device on the internetwork.
The default for this IP Address is 10.0.0.1
Subnet Mask
A subnet mask determines which bits in the IP address are used to identify the network number.
The default for the Subnet Mask is 255.0.0.0.
Default Router
This is an optional entry depending on your network configuration. Use this field to identify a
router that is physically connected to your LAN. If the IP Router receives a packet which
contains a network that is not known, the packet will be sent to the router identified in this field.
If there are other routers and networks behind the Default Router add Static Network IP
information with the Default Router as the Default Gateway.
If you are communicating with different network domains, you will need to enter the IP Address
of your Router as the default router on each workstation or make sure that the local router will
redirect to the Router when appropriate, so that they may use the Router to reach the remote site.
LAN IPX:
These fields enable the Router to route IPX to Remote (WAN) networks, even if an IPX server
does not exist on the local LAN. Typically, the Router will learn its external network number.
However, if the local LAN does not have a server or if the LAN NETWORK UPDATES field
(see above) is set to <Neither>, and you wish to route IPX to Remote (WAN) networks, the
external network number must be defined using these fields.
If you are not using IPX on your LAN, these fields will not apply. Please note that these
are all hexadecimal entries. For the following see you network administrator for the
appropriate numbers. If the frame type is unsupported leave the field set to 0s.
802.2 Ext. Network
Enter the corresponding IPX external network number.
Ethernet II Ext. Network
Enter the corresponding IPX external network number.
SNAP
Enter the corresponding IPX external network number.
802.3 Ext. Network
Enter the corresponding IPX external network number.
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LAN (Local) Profile Setup
screen that is accessed depends on the chosen option. Listed below are the available
field options:
<Static Networks >
Used to configure static network routes that can be reached locally. See Static Networks on page 4-
10, for more information.
<Static Addresses >
Configure static addresses for the local devices. See Static Addresses on page 4-16, for more
information.
Define data filters for this Router. See Filters on page 4-19, for more information.
<Advertise Networks/Server >
Enables the unit to advertise all networks and services to all remote units, or to advertise to no
remotes. See Advertise Network/Server on page 4-25, for more information.
<DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay >
page 4-30, for more information.
<LAN Collision Threshold >
Threshold on page 4-34, for more information.
<Spanning Tree>
Configures the global setup for using the Spanning Tree Algorithm as specified in the IEEE 802.1D
specification. See Spanning Tree on page 4-37, for more information.
<Secondary IP Address >
Add a secondary IP address and subnet to the specified LAN interface. See Secondary IP Address on
page 4-40, for more information.
Link Speed
Sets the Ethernet PHY mode and speed for the Router.
Note: it is highly recommended that this setting be left at auto-negotiation. Connection
of Ethernet devices with incompatible settings can lead to severe performance
degradation and errors on a network. See Link Speed on page 4-42, for more
information.
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Static Networks
Static Networks
Static networks allow fixed, or pre-determined routes, which increases the control over
routing choices within your network. Although the Router is able to dynamically learn
routing information through RIP packets, you may wish to disable this feature and
manually enter fixed routes. (Disable Learning by choosing the <Neither> option in
the LAN Network Updates field on the Local (LAN) Profile Setup screen.) Static
routing may be preferred if:
l Routers within a network are not configured to advertise, thereby escaping the
automatic learning capabilities of the Router
l Advertising is disabled so that access to certain networks may be restricted for
security purposes or, to decrease traffic on the LAN and across the WAN
l You wish to keep routing tables small in order to increase LAN/WAN
performance
Static routing may also be preferable when managing large networks. Often times it is
easier to disable the learning mode and manually enter routes, rather than review each
routing table entry and determine its advertising status.
As a static routing example, let’s assume that we have three networks, A, B and C.
Network B, is connected to Network C via a router, and to Network A via a remote
Unit. Network B may not learn of Network A’s existence if advertising was disabled
on Router 1. Therefore, if you wish to establish an entry in the routing table indicating
a route between Network B and Network C, you can define a static route on Network B.
Network A
Network B
Network C
Unit
A
Unit
B
Router 1
Enter a static route which
indicates that Network C
may be reached through
remote Unit B.
Enter a static route which
indicates that Network C
may be reached through
Router 1.
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Static Networks
To continue with this example, if Network B is not configured to advertise Network C
to Network A, then Network A will not dynamically learn of Network C’s existence. If
you wish to establish a route on Network A to Network C, you must define a static route
on Network A that indicates that Network C may be accessed through remote Adit B.
To set up a static route, you must define the following routing information:
l The address of the network you wish to reach;
l How far away from the local LAN the network is located (in terms of metric
measurement or hops, depending on the protocol)
l Whether the network can be reached on the local LAN (via the LAN port) or
through a remote unit.
If you are using the local LAN, you will also need to define the address (either IP or
MAC, depending on the protocol) of the first gateway (i.e. Adit or router) you will use
to reach the network you are defining.
It is important to note that if the static network is reached via a remote unit, it must be
defined by choosing the SETUP <Static Networks> option on the corresponding
Remote (WAN) Profile Setup screen. Static networks that are reached via the local
LAN must be defined by choosing the SETUP <Static Networks> option on the Local
(LAN) Profile Setup screen.
NOTE: All static routes are considered filters and will be applied toward the
maximum allowable number of 500 filters.
IP Networks - An Internet Protocol Network.
IPX Networks - Internet Packet Exchange Network. A Novell NetWare’s native LAN
communications protocol.
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Static Networks
To Setup Static Networks
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN <Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
window
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Static Networks
3. Select Setup: <Static Networks >. If the Secondary IP Address option is not
displayed scroll to the selection with the [SPACEBAR], and press [ENTER].
Local
Profile
Window
4. Select <IP Networks> or <Static IPX Networks>.
Static
Networks
Setup (IP)
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Static Networks
5. Press [CTRL A] to add a Static Network.
Static
Networks
Setup (IPX)
Static Network Menu Fields
Network
Enter the address of the destination network for the route that you are adding. Static networks
reached via a remote Unit must be configured through the corresponding Remote (WAN)
Profile Setup screen. Those configured through the Local (LAN) Profile Setup screen can be
reached via the local LAN. If this is an IP network, enter the value in dotted decimal notation.
If this is an IPX network, enter the appropriate value in hexadecimal notation.
Subnet Mask
A subnet mask determines which bits in the IP address are used to identify the network number.
It is also a method of extending the IP Network Address so that a site may use one network
address for several different networks. This is accomplished by reassigning the portion of the
IP Network Address that normally identifies a node, to further identify the physical network.
This serves to lessen the number of available device numbers, while expanding the available
number of physical networks.
Metric
Enter a numeric value indicating the distance from your local network to the destination
network. Originally this measured by the number of gateways between the two networks, the
number may be modified, either higher or lower, to indicate a desired priority. To ensure a route
is considered primary, the value in this Metric field must be less than that of a secondary route.
This field is only used on IP networks. Valid entries range from 1 to 15. (Please note that a value
of 1 usually indicates a direct network.)
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Static Networks
Hops
See Metric, above. When defining the number of hops in a given route, remember to increment
the actual number by 1, since your locally attached unit is counted as “1”. This field is only used
on IPX networks. Valid entries range from 1 to 15.
Ticks
Indicates the distance between two networks as measured in time increments
(1/18th of a second). Only IPX Networks use this information. Like hops, ticks may be used to
designate primary and secondary routes to the same network. Although both the hops and ticks
values are considered when determining routing priority, for Novell networks, the tick value is
considered first. To designate routing priority between two routes, manipulate the tick value so
that the preferred route is given the lower value. This field value has a range of 1 to 15.
Next Gateway
Enter the IP Address of the first gateway (Adit or router) that the data will use to reach the
destination network. Referring back to Example 1, Network B would enter the IP Address of
Router 1, since that is the first gateway on the route to Network C. This field is only used on IP
Networks.
Next IPX Router
Enter the MAC Address of the next gateway (Adit or router) on the route that the data will use
to reach the destination network. Referring back to Example 1, Network B would enter the
MAC Address of Router 1, since that is the next gateway on the route to Network C. This field
is only used on IPX networks.
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Static Addresses
Static Addresses
Use this screen to define static addresses that are based on the Ethernet MAC or IP
Address of a specific device on the local LAN. Typically, the Router would learn of
these devices by monitoring LAN/WAN packets. By defining a static address, you are
telling the Router the location of the corresponding device before the Router learns
where this device resides. Static addresses are typically used in a bridging situation.
Use the Local (LAN) Profile to define static addresses for devices that are located on
the LAN. If you wish to establish static addresses for devices on remote LAN’s, access
this screen using the corresponding Remote Profile.
NOTE: Each static address filter will count toward the maximum number of
500 filters.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> on the Main menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN <Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Static Addresses
3. Select Setup: <Static Addresses >. If the Static Addresses option is not
displayed scroll to the selection with the [SPACEBAR], and press [ENTER].
Local
Profile
Window
4. Press [CTRL A] to add static addresses, as needed.
Static MAC
Address
Setup
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Static Addresses
Static IP
Address
Setup
Static IP Address Menu Fields
Setup Static
Use the [SPACEBAR] to scroll between <IP Address > and <MAC Address >. The fields on
this screen will vary depending on your choice.
IP Address
A unique, 32-bit identifier for a specific TCP/IP device on a network. The address is in dotted decimal
form, xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where xxx = 1-255.
MAC Address
The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control layer in the network structure.
Device Name
Use this field to identify the user-defined name of the LAN device that is associated with this
static address. The maximum number of alphanumeric characters for this field is 7.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC Address of the desired device that can be reached via the local LAN. This field
is only available if the Setup Static field is set to <MAC Address >.
IP Address
Enter the IP Address of the desired device. If the static address is configured through the Local
(LAN) Profile Setup screen, the device can be reached via the local LAN. This field is only
available if the Setup Static field is set to <IP Address>.
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Filters
Filters
Use this screen to review currently enabled data filters or to enable new filters. Data
filters are used to determine whether data can be sent or received on the LAN/WAN
based on a specific device, protocol type or defined data string. Data filters must be
defined using the Custom, Protocol and Address Filter screens prior to being enabled
on the current screen. Filters will not be in effect until they are added to this screen.
Once enabled, they will adhere to the value set in the Forward Mode field.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> on the Main menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN < Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
NOTE: Each Custom filter, even if it is not enabled, will count toward the
maximum number of 500 filters.
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Filters
3. Select Setup: <Filters >. If the Filters option is not displayed scroll to the
selection with the [SPACEBAR], and press [ENTER].
Local
Profile
Window
4. Press [CTRL A] to enable filters that have been defined. See the following
sections on Defining Custom, Protocol and Address Filters.
Enabled Filter
Window
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Filters
Filters Menu Fields
Forward Mode
This field determines what data to pass/not to pass, based on this field value and the filters listed
on the current window. There are two available values which determine how the Router will
handle data to/from the LAN:
<All Frames NOT Matching Filters> any packets matching the filters listed will not be
passed (i.e., pass all frames except those matching the enabled filters).
be dropped (i.e., will not pass through the Router).
Define Filter
Use this field to choose the appropriate filter type. The filter screens are used to define the actual
filter prior to enabling (adding) it on the current window.
<Custom> see Defining Custom Filters on page 4-22
<Protocol> see Defining Protocol Filters on page 4-23
<Address> see Defining Address Filters on page 4-24
Filter Type
This field value represents the type of filter <Custom>, <Protocol> or <Address>.
Source/Destination
This field is active only with an Address Filter.
<Source> Filters by Source only.
<Destination> Filters by Destination only.
<Both> Filter by Source and Destination.
Filter Name
This field displays the name the filter has been given.
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Filters
Defining Custom Filters
Custom
Filter
Window
This screen defines filters that “search” for a matching string of characters within a
packet. The defined character string can consist of up to 32 bits. The user must specify:
Custom Name - Filter name can be up to 7 characters.
Packet Offset - designates where in the packet to begin looking for a matching
character string. Range is 0 to 60 bytes.
32-Bit Mask - indicates which bits are to be searched for a possible match.Within the
mask, a 1 turns a bit ON, 0 is OFF. Only the bits that are turned on (set to 1) will be
searched for the match.
32-Bit Match - specifies the character string that the system is searching for. When a
match is located, the packet adheres to the Forward Mode field value.
To enable a filter return to the Enabled Filter Window ([ESC] from this window) and
press [CTRL A], select filter type (Custom, Protocol or Address) filter will be added to
the Enabled Filters window.
NOTE: Each filter, even if it is not enabled, will count toward the maximum
number of 500 filters.
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Filters
Defining Protocol Filters
Protocol
Filter
Window
Use this screen to define filters that are based on specific protocols being used by LAN
devices. These filters, when enabled, provide security by restricting LAN/WAN access
based on a specific protocol.
Protocol Name - Filter name can be up to 7 characters.
Ethernet Value - Enter the assigned Ethernet value for this protocol, see Addendum B,
Ethernet Protocol Types.
IEEE Value - Enter assigned IEEE value for this protocol. The IEEE value is the same
as the DSAP and SSAP values in a SNAP packet.
NOTE: Only identify either an Ethernet or IEEE value, but not both.
To enable a filter return to the Enabled Filter Window ([ESC] from this window) and
press [CTRL A], select filter type (Custom, Protocol or Address) filter will be added to
the Enabled Filters window.
NOTE: Each filter, even if it is not enabled, will count toward the maximum
number of 500 filters.
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Filters
Defining Address Filters
Address
Filter
Window
Use this window to define filters that are based on the Ethernet MAC Address of a
specific device. When enabled, these filters provide security by restricting LAN/WAN
access based on a device’s MAC Address. Address filters are based on either source,
destination or both source and destination MAC Addresses.
Device Name - Filter name can be up to 7 characters.
MAC Address - Enter the MAC Address of the LAN device that you are defining as
a filter. The system will use the defined MAC Address and the value in the Forward
Mode to determine whether the packet should be passed or received.
To enable a filter return to the Enabled Filter Window ([ESC] from this window) and
press [CTRL A], select filter type (Custom, Protocol or Address) filter will be added to
the Enabled Filters window.
NOTE: Each filter, even if it is not enabled, will count toward the maximum
number of 500 filters.
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Advertise Network/Server
Advertise Network/Server
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main menu, press
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN <Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
3. Select Setup: <Advertise Network/Server >. If the Advertise Network/
Server option is not displayed scroll to the selection with the [SPACEBAR], and
press [ENTER].
Local
Profile
Window
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Advertise Network/Server
Use these windows to review networks that your unit has discovered through the LAN.
By sending out IPX and IP RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and IPX SAP (Service
Advertising Protocol) packets and monitoring RIP and SAP packets from other
devices, your unit can learn about other networks. The system constantly monitors RIP
packets to ensure that the status of the network has remained unchanged. Should a RIP
packet indicate a change in status, the unit will update the data in the table and
exchange the updated data with all remotes.
Advertise
Network/
Server
Window
Once the Local Unit has learned of a network, you may choose to have the Router
advertise broadcast RIP packets on behalf of the actual network. Selecting which
networks you wish your Local Unit to advertise provides added security by restricting
what information is passed on to the remote.
For added control in network advertising, automatic learning may be turned off and,
using the Static Network windows, manually enter the network routes to be advertised.
Disable Learning:
On the LAN Profile setup window set LAN Network Updates to <Neither>
On the WAN Profile setup window set WAN Network Updates to <Never>
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Advertise Network/Server
The Advertise Network/Server Window can be used in two ways, depending on
which Selected Items mode is chosen:
<Do Not Advertise> Selected Items mode causes the unit to not advertise the learned
network to all remotes if you place an X next to the selected item.
<Advertise> Selected Items mode causes the unit to advertise the learned network to
all remotes if you place an X next to the selected item.
NOTE: Since each network that contains an X next to it consumes a filter,
choose an approach that consumes the least number of filters. With 15
learned networks of which 5 need to be advertised, it uses less filters to
<Advertise> 5 networks than to select <Do Not Advertise> 10.
NOTE: Each selected network will be counted as a filter. A maximum of
500 filters can be defined on the Router.
Advertise Network/Server Menu Fields
Setup
Use this field to identify which networks or server types you wish to review. Options
are: <IP Networks>, <IPX Servers> and <IPX Networks>.
Selected Items
<Advertise> With this option selected Networks will advertise to all remote units that
are listed in your Profile Directory.
<Do Not Advertise> With this option selected Networks will not be advertised.
Network
This field displays the network address of each network learned from the local LAN. If
this route was added using one of the Static Network windows, “Static Fltr” will appear
before the network address of this entry. If this is not a static route, and has been
selected, “Config Fltr” will appear before the network address of this entry. Only static
routes for the local unit will display on this window.
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Advertise Network/Server
IPX Server Advertising
Servers are learned and maintained by the Router in the same way as network tables,
by sending out IPX SAP (Service Advertising Protocol) packets and monitoring SAP
packets from other devices, the unit learns about other servers. Once a server has been
discovered, the information is displayed on this window.
This window may be used in two ways, depending on which Selected Items mode is
chosen: <Do Not Advertise> Selected Items or <Advertise> Selected Items. The
<Do Not Advertise> mode causes the unit to not advertise the learned services. To
advertise under this mode, remove the X next to the server to advertise. The
<Advertise> mode causes the unit to advertise all learned services to all remotes. If a
specific server under this mode is not to be advertised the X must be removed next to
the listed server.
Since each server that contains an X next to it consumes a filter, you should choose the
approach that consumes the least number of filters. For example, if a Router has learned
15 services of which you want to advertise only 5. It would consume fewer filters to set
the Selected Items field to <Advertise> and place an X next to the 5 servers to, than
to choose <Do Not Advertise> and place an X next to the 10 servers.
NOTE: Each selected server will be counted as a filter. A maximum of 500
filters can be defined on the Router.
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Advertise Network/Server
Network
This field displays the network address of each learned or configured server. If a server has been
selected using the [X] key, “Config Fltr” will appear before the network address of this entry.
Type
The TYPE field displays the Hex value assigned to each known server. When a server is added
using [CTRL A], a Hex value must be defined. If you wish to learn certain services that match
a particular server type, manually add an entry specifying the desired Hex value. This setting
will enable the unit to learn all services that match the specified service type. This field may be
used in conjunction with the NAME field, described below.
Name
This field displays the first 11 characters of the name of each known server. If the server is
manually added and a server name is not defined, all servers matching the added type will be
learned and the first 11 characters of their names will be displayed. If the server name is defined
when the server is manually added, then only servers matching both type and name will be
learned.
Selected Items
Use this field to determine whether your Router will advertise the information listed on this
window to remote units. Valid field options include <Do Not Advertise> and <Advertise>. If
<Advertise> is selected, checked items (with X) will advertise to all remote units in the Profile
Directory. If <Do Not Advertise> is selected, checked items will not be advertised.
Use the [CTRL A] keys to manually configure a service. When manually configuring a service,
the following prompt is displayed:
You must define a server type (see TYPE field, above), however the corresponding server name
may be left blank. If a server name is not defined, all services of the specified type will be
learned, regardless of the name.
If the server type and name are specified, only server types that match both values will be
learned. Be aware that the NAME value is case and spacing sensitive.
Press [ESC] to save changes and return to the Local (LAN) Profile Setup window.
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DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay
DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay
Use the options on this window to enable the Router to act as either a DHCP server or
BOOTP relay agent. Workstations with DHCP/BOOTP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) client software will generate a broadcast message requesting an IP Address
from a DHCP/BOOTP server. As a BOOTP relay agent, the Router will forward these
requests to the appropriate server. When the server assigns the workstation an IP
Address, the Router will then send this address back to the appropriate workstation.
Using this method, the DHCP/BOOTP server can reside at a Remote (WAN) location
and the Router can serve as an agent between requesting workstations and the server.
As a DHCP server, the Router can assign up to 254 IP Addresses to DHCP clients on
the local LAN. It will not assign to clients across the WAN.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main menu, select
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN < Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay
3. Select Setup: <DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay > If not displayed scroll to the
selection with the [SPACEBAR], and press [ENTER].
Local
Profile
Window
DHCP
Server/
BOOTP
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DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay
DHCP
Server/
BOOTP
DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay Menu Fields
DHCP Server
Use this field to enable this Router as a DHCP Server. Use the [SPACEBAR] to select
<Enabled> or <Disabled>. The following fields are available when enabled.
Info: Active Leases
Displays the Active Lease Information below.
Domain Name
This option is used if the DHCP Server is enabled on the DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay screen.
On a LAN network where the Router is the DHCP Server, the Domain Name will be assigned
with IP addressing information to DHCP clients. This value is a maximum of 41 characters.
Start IP Address
If the Router is specified to act as a DHCP server, enter the first valid IP Address the Router
may assign to a DHCP client. This field acts in conjunction with the Number field.
Number
Enter the number of IP Addresses that this Router may assign. This field acts in conjunction
with the Start IP Address field by using a contiguous block of IP Addresses. Range is 1-254.
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DHCP Server/BOOTP Relay
Lease Duration
Enter the duration, in hours and minutes, that an IP Address assigned by the Router will remain
valid. If this field is left at 000.00, the IP Address will remain valid indefinitely. Range is
Hours = 1-999 Minutes = 1-59.
Domain Name Servers
The Domain Name Servers option specifies the IP address of DNS name servers to be used by
DHCP clients. Enter the IP address of up to 4 domain name servers.
Option Type Value
These fields add the optional DHCP server attributes that will be advertised every time a DHCP
client discovery is initiated. This provisioning takes effect immediately and can only be
performed when the DHCP server is enabled. Once the option number is entered the other fields
become active.
Option
Range is 1-254. Options tags are unique, duplicate numbers will be rejected. 0 = off
Reserved numbers = 6, 15, 44, 46, 47, 50, 51, 53, 54 and 61. The operator will be notified when
exiting this window, that a Reserved or Duplicate Option number has been used, and will direct you
to modify the option number.
Type
<Bool> - Boolean uses <true> <false>
<1Byt> <2Byte> <3Byte> <4Byte> - sends a value in 1, 2, 3 or 4 bytes.
<IP> - IP Address in the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where xxx is a number from 0 to 255.
<TEXT> - String with a maximum of 50 characters, enclosed in quotes.
NetBIOS over TCP/IP
Node Type
This option allows NetBIOS over TCP/IP clients, which are configurable to be configured as
described in RFC 1001/1002. The value is specified as a single octet that identifies the client type
(1=B-node, 2=P-node, 4=M-node, 8=H-node).
Scope
The Scope is a DHCP option that represents a grouping of computers on a subnet using the same
NetBIOS name. This name has a maximum of 41 characters.
Name Server (NBNS)
This option specifies a list of RFC 1001/1002 NBNS name servers listed in order of preference. Enter
the IP address of the NBNS servers.
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
LAN Collision Threshold
LAN Collision Threshold
Use the options on this window to define the sample interval for data collection of
collisions, the Hi and Lo thresholds for raising and clearing Collision alarms. It will
also display if there is a current alarm active and the number of collisions that have
occurred during the defined sample interval.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main menu, press
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN < Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
LAN Collision Threshold
3. Select Setup: <LAN Collision Threshold > If the LAN Collision Threshold
option is not displayed scroll to the selection with the [SPACEBAR], and press
[ENTER].
Local
Profile
Window
LAN
Collision
Threshold
Provisioning
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LAN Collision Threshold
LAN
Will indicate if the LAN is UP or Down (DWN).
Collisions
The number of collisions that have occurred during the defined sample interval.
Alarm
This field indicates if there is/is not an active collision alarm.
There is an alarm indicator on the front of the IP Router Card, labeled COL. If a collision alarm
is active this LED will flash yellow.
Sample Interval
Use the Collision Sample Interval in second. (1-65536 seconds).
- Default is 10
- Disable is 0
Collision Hi Threshold
Use this field to set the number of collisions in Interval to raise an alarm. When the number of
collisions rises above the defined number per interval, the alarm will be activated. The default
is 500.
Collision Lo Threshold
Use this field to set the number of collisions in Interval to Clear Alarm. If the number of
collisions drops below the defined number per interval, the alarm will clear. Default is 10.
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree
NOTE: This option does not display on the Local LAN Profile Setup, until
Spanning Tree is enabled on the Router CARD Profile.
The Spanning Tree configures the setup for the Spanning Tree Algorithm.
To Configure Spanning Tree:
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN < Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
Spanning Tree
3. Select Setup: <Spanning Tree > and press [ENTER].
4. To enable Spanning Tree, scroll <Disabled> to <Enabled>, with the
[SPACEBAR], press [ENTER].
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
Spanning Tree
5. Enter the appropriate data in the following fields.
Port Priority
The Port Priority value can range from 0 to 255, with a default of 128.
Port Cost
The Port Priority value can range from 0 to 65535, with a default of 651.
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
Secondary IP Address
Secondary IP Address
This option will add a secondary IP address and subnet to the specified LAN interface.
The router will then be capable of routing between the various subnets on the LAN
interface or between any of the LAN subnets and any WAN subnet. A maximum of 8
secondary IP addresses can be added to the LAN interface.
To Add a Secondary IP Address:
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN < Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
Secondary IP Address
3. Select Setup: <Secondary IP Address>, by scrolling through the options with
the [SPACEBAR] and select [ENTER]. Select [CTRL A] to enter an IP Address.
Local
Profile
Window
IP Address
The secondary IP Address, in the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where xxx is between 1 -255.
Subnet Mask
The Subnet Mask to the corresponding Secondary IP address listed, in the form
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where xxx is between 1 -255.
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
Link Speed
Link Speed
The Link Speed sets the Ethernet PHY mode and speed for the Router.
NOTE: It is highly recommended that this setting be left at auto-
negotiation. Connection Ethernet devices with incompatible settings can
lead to severe performance degradation and errors on a network.
To Set the Link Speed:
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select LAN < Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
Link Speed
3. Select Link Speed: <Auto Negotiate > scroll to the selection with the
[SPACEBAR], and press [ENTER].
Local
Profile
Window
Auto Negotiate
This selection is the default and is highly recommended to be left at this setting. The router and
the device will negotiate common features and functions.
100T Full Duplex
The selection will force the Ethernet PHY to 100 MHz full-duplex on the Router.
100T Half Duplex
The selection will force the Ethernet PHY to 100 MHz half-duplex on the Router.
10T Full Duplex
The selection will force the Ethernet PHY to 10 MHz full-duplex on the Router.
10T Half Duplex
The selection will force the Ethernet PHY to 10 MHz half-duplex on the Router.
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Profile Directory: Local Profile
Link Speed
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CHAPTER
In this Chapter
n Firewall Filters
n Filter Network/Server
n Spanning Tree
n Trunk Port
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
The Local (LAN) Profile Setup is found in Configuration <Profile Directory>/
LocalUnit LAN <Setup ->.
Main Menu
Profile
Directory
window
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Remote
Profile
window
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Remote (WAN) Profile
Remote (WAN) Profile
The fields on the Remote (WAN) Profile Setup window allow you to define how and
when data transmission will occur with a specific remote device. This includes defining
the protocol(s) that it will use to send and receive data, defining security information,
static networks and WAN lines. The Local Unit will depend on this information to
determine communication guidelines with remote sites.
The Remote (WAN) profile can support up to 24 remote profiles.
The Remote (WAN) profile complements the Local (LAN) profile. The remote profiles
identify which remote devices the local unit can communicate with by defining the data
transmission requirements of each remote device. The local profile defines the local
unit’s transmission requirements and may appear as a remote profile in each remote
unit’s profile directory. It is important to understand that the information contained in
the remote profile determines how the local and remote units establish communication.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Remote (WAN) Profile
The Remote Profile Window will change as options are selected. The graphic below
displays the window as NAT Gateway is enabled.
Remote
Profile
Window
The following is just one example of how the above window in the box
changes when different protocol options are selected.
Profile Setup for (RemoteUnit)
This is an 11 character maximum field to uniquely identify this remote device. This value
identifies the remote system’s name on the remote unit’s Local (LAN) Profile Setup window.
All remote devices will initially have the default name "RemoteUnit". To change the name of
the remote device, simply type over the existing name.
This name will be used during the authentication process to ensure this unit’s identity. Please
note that the system is case and spacing sensitive.
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Remote (WAN) Profile
Transmission Options
The following section is always displayed on the Remote Profile setup window. By
selecting options on this chart, other fields are displayed or removed.
Protocol
This field displays three protocol options, IP, IPX and Other. Use the Mode, WAN Network
Updates, and GRE Tunnel fields to determine how and if the listed protocols will be used. This
screen will change dramatically as different modes are selected.
Mode
This field works in conjunction with the Protocol field, above, and defines which protocol(s) the
Unit will use to send and receive data when communicating with this remote device.
Protocol
IP
Route
Blocked
Bridge
Optimize
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
IPX
X
Other
<Route> - When used in conjunction with the LAN Network Updates (Local Profile window)
and WAN Network Updates setting (below), the <Route> values enable the Unit to use Carrier
Access’ network optimization feature, which ensures that only necessary data is transmitted
over the WAN connection. The Router will initiate IP and IPX learning mode. With each of
these selections the Router will initiate learning mode to gain knowledge of local and remote
networks and services. Once it knows of remote networks and services, it can advertise the
information on the local LAN on behalf of the remote networks and servers.
<Bridge> - will not prompt the Router to initiate WAN bandwidth optimization. Note that the
unit will not advertise servers and networks.
<Blocked> - if you do not wish to use the corresponding protocol.
<Optimize> - See <Route> above
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Remote (WAN) Profile
WAN Network Updates
Routing information updates across the WAN will occur based on this selection. This field is
only available when IP (Protocol) is set to <Route> or when IPX (Protocol) is set to
<Optimize>. This field should be set to <Never> if the NAT Gateway field, below, is set to
<Enabled>.
<Never> To prohibit all routing information updates. When this is selected, static routes
between the Router and the remote units must be configured.
<Periodic> Periodic updates across the WAN occur every 30 seconds for the IP protocol
and every 60 seconds for IPX.
<Triggered> Triggered updates occur only when changes within the network are detected.
This is the recommended setting.
GRE Tunnel
Use this field to define IP Tunneling for GRE (Generic Route Encapsulation). If enabled, define
the local and remote IP Tunnel Addresses, as well as the Secured GRE Tunneled Data. This
field is only available if the IP protocol is set to <Route>.
<All> Tunnel all packets on this interface to the tunnel destination address.
<By Network> Tunnel packets based on their destination address by matching GRE
network entries.
NOTE: If the IP protocol is set to <By Network>, establish the remote
address in the Static Networks window.
<Disabled> Disable GRE tunneling.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Remote (WAN) Profile
NAT Gateway
Enable NAT Gateway for this Router to translate addresses from all of its local devices to a
specific IP Address (typically assigned by an Internet Service Provider). This will allow the
remote device to dynamically assign a single IP Address to the Router or to configure a specific
IP Address, which in turn will be used by all devices on that network.
<Enabled> with GRE Tunnel <Disabled>
NAT Port Numbers: Port numbers are associated with applications that run on the
workstation. The NAT Gateway may translate the socket, or combination of IP Address and
TCP port number.
<Dynamic> IP Address and the port number will be translated.
<Preserved> NAT Gateway will only translate the IP Address. This should only be
set to <Preserved> if an application you are using requires a specific port number.
NAT Address: Use this field to define the IP Address for the Local (LAN) tunneling or
NAT Gateway device.
<Assigned by Remote>
<Configured> with Configured selected the following fields are displayed:
Address: Enter the Local IP Tunnel Address/Subnet Mask. If you are only GRE
Tunneling, this will probably be your local IP Address in the Local Profile. If the
address is dynamically assigned, the Router will receive an IP Address from this
remote device.
Number of NAT Addresses: With a setting of NAT addresses to greater than 1 you a
pool of public addresses is created from which the NAT translation will draw. Range
is between 1-255.
<Enabled> with GRE Tunnel <By Network>
NAT Port Numbers: See definition on previous page.
NAT and Local IP Tunnel Address: Use this field to define the IP Address for the Local
(LAN) tunneling or NAT Gateway device.
<Configured> See definition on previous page.
<Assigned by Remote>
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Remote (WAN) Profile
VPN Setup
<Enabled> with GRE Tunnel <All>
IP Protocol VPN Setup - > window will display.
This field displays only when GRE Tunnel is set to <All>. To open the setup window
select IP Protocol VPN Setup - > and select [ENTER]
Tunnel Name
Enter Tunnel name, up to 11 characters.
Remote IP Tunnel Address
Enter IP Tunnel Address.
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Remote (WAN) Profile
WAN IP
This field is used to enable the Router to assign an IP Address to the remote device that
this remote profile is attached to.
Numbered
Designate if the local unit will have an IP Address assigned to the WAN when
communicating with this remote unit. If the remote unit is an Adit, it is recommended that
the WAN remain unnumbered, thus conserving IP Addresses. This field displays if the IP
Mode field is set to <Route>.
IP Address: This address is used to uniquely identify the unit on the internetwork. Use
this field to assign an IP Address to the WAN.
Subnet Mask: A subnet mask determines which bits in the IP address are used to
identify the network number. It is also a method of extending the IP Network Address
so that a site may use one network address for several different networks.
Default Router
Use this field to identify a router that is physically connected to your LAN. If the Router
receives a packet destined to a network that is not known, the packet will be sent to the
router identified in this field. This field is only displayed if the IP Mode field is set to
<Bridge>.
Setup < > (bottom of the Remote main window)
The Setup field has the following options. Use the [SPACEBAR] to scroll through the
selections.
<Security/Options >
Use this option to access the Remote (WAN) Security/Options Setup window. The fields
on this window may be used to configure the remote security parameters and options such
as compression. See Security/Options on page 5-12, for more information.
<Static/VPN Networks >
Use this option to access the Static/VPN Networks window. These windows can be used to
configure static network routes for the remote device.
See Static/VPN Networks on page 5-15, for more information.
<Static NAT Addresses >
Use this option to access the Static NAT Addresses window which allows the operator to
configure static bi-directional NAT mappings between local server addresses and public
addresses. See Static NAT Addresses on page 5-22, for more information.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Remote (WAN) Profile
<NAT Bypass Subnets >
Use this option to access the Static NAT Addresses window which allows the operator to
configure static bi-directional NAT mappings between local server addresses and public
<Static Addresses >
This option is used to access the Static Addresses window which allows the operator to
configure static addresses for the remote unit. See Static Addresses on page 5-26, for more
information.
This option is used to access the Firewall Rules screen which allows the operator to
establish firewall filters for this remote unit. See Firewall Filters on page 5-29, for more
information
<Filter Network/Server >
This option is used to access the Filter Network/Server screen which allows the operator to
establish network and server filtering for this remote unit. See Filter Network/Server on
page 5-35, for more information.
<Spanning Tree>
Configures the global setup for using the Spanning Tree Algorithm as specified in the IEEE
802.1D specification. See Spanning Tree on page 5-40, for more information. Note: IP
Mode must be set to <Bridged> for this option to display in the scrolled list.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Security/Options
Security/Options
The purpose of this window is to define security information and miscellaneous options
pertaining to this Router. The security portion of this window allows the setup of
password or secret (depending on the chosen security protocol) that this remote device
will use during the authentication process. Also the setup of authentication on the LAN
of the Local Unit or a specified security server.
Authentication is a security process whereby the transmitting and receiving devices
determine which security protocol to use during data transmission, as well as establish
confirmation identity. This authentication process must match between the receiving
and transmitting devices prior to actual data transmission, if the process fails, the link
is terminated. The protocol used by the remote unit to authenticate the local unit and
vice versa is defined in the LAN Profile.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Security/Options
3. Tab down to Setup:<Security/Options> Scroll through the list of options with
the [SPACEBAR] and select [ENTER].
Remote
Profile
Window
4. The following Security/Options setup window will display.
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Security/Options
Security/Options Fields
Authentication By Remote
User ID: Local Profile Name
This field displays the User ID of the Local Unit.
Authentication of Remote
This fields defines the parameters the remote unit expects to receive from this local unit.
Protocol
This field displays the authentication protocol, if any, to be used by remote units when
authenticating the local unit. The authentication protocol is defined on the Local (LAN)
Security/SNMP window.
User ID
<Remote Profile Name> Displays the current Remote Profile name
<Remote Custom Name> User-defined name, up to 32 characters. This user ID is sent
during the authentication process.
Security Server
Displays the defined method as to where the remote device will be authenticated. This option is
set in the Router CARD Setup - > Security/SNMP window.
Compression
<Enabled> Will negotiate compression with a remote device.
<Disabled> If the remote device will not negotiate compression, leave this field as
Disabled.
Typical Data
This allows the data compression to be customized to the type of data on a given network.
<Easy to Compress>. If typical compression ratios are greater than 2/1, then this setting
should achieve the best compression. This is the default.
<Hard to Compress> If compression ratios are less than 2/1.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Static/VPN Networks
Static/VPN Networks
Static networks allow you to establish fixed, or pre-determined routes, which increases
the control that you have over routing choices within your network. Although the
Router is able to dynamically learn routing information through RIP packets, you may
wish to disable this feature and manually enter fixed routes. Disable Learning by
selecting the <Never> option in the WAN Network Updates field on the Remote
(WAN) Profile Setup window. Static routing may be preferred if:
l Routers that are not configured to advertise, cannot utilize the automatic learning
capabilities of the Router
l Advertising is disabled for security purposes
l Keeping routing tables small in order to increase LAN/WAN performance
l Advertising is disabled to decrease traffic on the LAN and across the WAN
Static routing may also be preferable when managing large networks. Often times it is
easier to disable the learning mode and manually enter routes, rather than review each
routing table entry and determine its advertising status.
As a static routing example, let’s assume that we have three networks, A, B and C.
Network B, is connected to Network C via a router, and to Network A via a Remote
Unit. Network B may not learn of Network A’s existence if advertising was disabled
on Router 1. Therefore, if you wish to establish an entry in the routing table indicating
a route between Network B and Network C, you can define a static route on Network B.
Network A
Network B
Network C
Unit
A
Unit
B
Router 1
Enter a static route which
Enter a static route which
Indicates that Network C
may be reached through
Router 1.
Indicates that Network C
May be reached through
Remote unit B.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Static/VPN Networks
To continue with this example, if Network B is not configured to advertise Network C
to Network A, then Network A will not dynamically learn of Network C’s existence. If
you wish to establish a route on Network A to Network C, you must define a static route
on Network A that indicates that Network C may be accessed through remote Adit B.
To set up a static route, you must define the following routing information:
l The address of the network you wish to reach;
l How far away from the local LAN the network is located (in terms of metric
measurement or hops, depending on the protocol)
l Whether the network can be reached on the local LAN (via the LAN port) or
through a remote Adit unit.
If you are using the local LAN, you will also need to define the address (either IP or
MAC, depending on the protocol) of the first gateway (i.e. Adit or router) you will use
to reach the network you are defining.
It is important to note that if the static network is reached via a Remote (WAN) Unit,
it must be defined by choosing the SETUP: <Static Networks> option on the
corresponding Remote (WAN) Profile Setup window. Static networks that are reached
via the local LAN must be defined by choosing the SETUP <Static Networks> option
on the Local (LAN) Profile Setup window.
NOTE: All static routes are considered filters and will be applied toward
the maximum allowable number of 500 filters.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Static/VPN Networks
Depending on the GRE Tunnel field setting, the Static/VPN Networks window display
fields are modified. The following displays two options.
GRE Tunnel set to <All>
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
3. Set GRE Tunnel to <All >.
4. Select Setup: <Static/VPN Networks>, scroll with the [SPACEBAR] to
through the options and select [ENTER].
Remote
Profile
Window
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Static/VPN Networks
5. Press [CTRL A] to add a Static IP Network. Enter Network Address, Subnet
Mask and Metric value. Note: this window displays additional fields
depending on the field setting for GRE Tunnel (on the Remote Profile
window).
Static/
VPN
Networks
Window
Static/VPN Networks Fields
Setup Static
<IP Networks> Enter the Subnet IP Address. Note: The host bits should all be zero.
<IPX Networks> Enter the Hexidecimal Address. Note: The host bits should all be zero.
Network
Enter the Subnet IP Address. Note: The host bits should all be zero.
Subnet Mask
Enter the Subnet Mask of the Network IP Address.
Metric
Enter the distance, in hops, to the network. Value must be between 1-15.
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Static/VPN Networks
GRE Tunnel set to <By Network>
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
3. Set GRE Tunnel to <By Network >.
4. Select Setup: <Static/VPN Networks>, scroll with the [SPACEBAR] to
through the options and select [ENTER].
Remote
Profile
Window
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Static/VPN Networks
5. Press [CTRL A] to add a Static IP Network. Enter Network Address, Subnet
Mask and Metric value. Note: this window displays additional fields
depending on the field setting for GRE Tunnel (on the Remote Profile
window).
Static/
VPN
Networks
Window
Static/VPN Networks Fields
Setup Static
<IP Networks> Enter the Subnet IP Address. Note: The host bits should all be zero.
<IPX Networks> Enter the Hexidecimal Address. Note: The host bits should all be zero.
Network
Enter the Subnet IP Address. Note: The host bits should all be zero.
Subnet Mask
Enter the Subnet Mask of the Network IP Address.
Metric
Enter the distance, in hops, to the network. Value must be between 1-15.
VPN Features
GRE Tunnel
Displays the Tunnel Name defined on the VPN setup window.
Encrypt
Not supported in this release.
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Static/VPN Networks
VPN - >
Opens the VPN Setup window.
Tunnel Data ?
<Yes> - Enables tunnel. Displays additional fields to setup.
<No> - Disables tunnel.
Tunnel Name
Enter Tunnel name, up to 11 characters.
Remote IP Tunnel Address
Enter the IP address of the far end of the tunnel, in the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where xxx
is between 0-255.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Static NAT Addresses
Static NAT Addresses
Use this window to configure Static Bi-directional NAT mappings between local server
addresses and public addresses.
NOTE: Each static NAT address filter will count toward the maximum
number of 500 filters.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu and press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Static NAT Addresses
3. Select Setup: <Static NAT Addresses>, scroll through the list of options with
the [SPACEBAR] if <Static NAT Addresses> is not displayed. Press [ENTER].
Remote
Profile
Window
4. Press [CTRL A] to add a Static NAT Address.
Static
Addresses
Window
Local IP Address
Enter the IP Address of the local device.
NAT IP Address
Enter the NAT IP Address of the desired device.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
NAT Bypass Subnets
NAT Bypass Subnets
Use this window to define NAT Bypass Subnets which will create a list of source
addresses that will not be subject to NAT translation when passing through a NAT
enabled WAN interface.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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NAT Bypass Subnets
3. Select Setup: <NAT Bypass Subnets >, scroll through the list of options with
the [SPACEBAR] if <Static Addresses> is not displayed. Press [ENTER].
NAT Bypass
Subnets
Window
4. Press [CTRL A] to add a NAT Bypass.
NAT Bypass
Setup
Window
Network
An IP address or host to bypass the NAT Translation, in the form of xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where
xxx is between 0-255.
Subnet Mask
Subnet mask of the Network IP address above, in the form of xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where xxx is
between 0-255.
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Static Addresses
Static Addresses
Use this screen to define static addresses that are based on the Ethernet MAC or IP
Address of a specific device on the local LAN. Typically, the Router would learn of
these devices by monitoring LAN/WAN packets. By defining a static address, you are
telling the Router the location of the corresponding device before the Router learns
where this device resides. Static addresses are typically used in a bridging situation.
Use the Local (LAN) Profile to define static addresses for devices that are located on
the LAN. If you wish to establish static addresses for devices on remote LAN’s, access
this screen using the corresponding Remote (WAN) Profile.
NOTE: Each static address filter will count toward the maximum
number of 500 filters.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Static Addresses
3. Select Setup: <Static Addresses >, scroll through the list of options with the
[SPACEBAR] if <Static Addresses> is not displayed. Press [ENTER].
Remote
Profile
Window
4. Select Setup: <Static Addresses >, scroll through the list of options with the
[SPACEBAR] if <Static Addresses> is not displayed. Press [ENTER].
Static
Addresses
Window
(MAC
Address)
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Static Addresses
Static
Addresses
Window
(IP Address)
Static Addresses Fields
Setup Static
<IP Address> - To setup a static IP address.
<MAC Address> - To setup a static MAC address.
Device Name
A user-defined name of the LAN device that is associated with this static address. Up to 7
characters is allowed for this field.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC Address of the desired device. If the static address is configured through the
Local (LAN) Profile Setup screen, the device can be reached via the local LAN. If the static
address is configured on a specific Remote (WAN) Profile screen, the device can be reached via
that specific remote. This field is only available if the Setup Static field is set to <MAC
Address>.
IP Address
Enter the IP Address of the desired device. If the static address is configured through the Local
Profile Setup screen, the device can be reached via the local LAN. If the static address is
configured on a specific Remote (WAN) Profile screen, the device can be reached via that
specific remote. This field is only available if the Setup Static field is set to <IP Address>.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Firewall Filters
Firewall Filters
A firewall is a method for keeping a network secure from intruders, by using filters to
block the transmission of certain types of (service) traffic. Once created, firewalls are
a security feature that allows only certain types of services to pass in and/or out of your
LAN. Firewalls can be created on a per remote basis. Each filter consists of a set of
drop/pass rules which are applied in the order in which they appear on the list — in
other words, rule 1 is applied before rule 2 and so on. This set of rules constitutes a filter
for a specific remote profile and will be applied to that profile’s incoming or outgoing,
or both traffic types (service flaws).
Firewall
Rules
Window
Fields
#
!
Rule Number
Pass (no ! (blank) indicates Drop)
Lists current service defined
Lists LAN defined for this rule (* indicates any)
Outgoing
Services(s)
LAN Device(s)
==>
<==
Incoming
<== ==>
WAN Device(s)
Log
Outgoing and incoming
Lists WAN defined for this rule (* indicates any)
X = Logged in the Event or Alarm log
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Firewall Filters
To Add a Firewall Filter:
WARNING! THE ADDITION OF THE FIRST FIREWALL RULE WILL
AUTOMATICALLY SECURE THE UNIT AGAINST ACCESS VIA TELNET (UNLESS THE
FIRST RULE EXPRESSLY PERMITS TELNET). TO ENSURE THE ABILITY TO TELNET
INTO THE UNIT BY AT LEAST ONE REMOTE DEVICE, YOU MUST CREATE A RULE
INDICATING WHICH DEVICE HAS TELNET ACCESS.
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until Configuration <Profile Directory> is
highlighted, and press [ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Firewall Filters
3. Tab down to Setup: <Firewall Filters> scroll through the list of options with
the [SPACEBAR] if <Firewall Filters> is not displayed. Press [ENTER].
Remote
Profile
Window
4. Press [CTRL A] to add an IP Firewall Rule.
Firewall
Filters
Window
5. Enter the parameters of the rule, press [ESC] to close the window and save the
configuration. See page 5-32 for a description of all fields for the Firewall
Setup window.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Firewall Filters
Firewall Filters Fields
Rule Number
The rule number defines the order in which the rules are applied. Once there is two or more rules
created, the rule number can be changed to put them in the desired order. The Last! rule
displayed, is automatically set after the first rule is defined, and states that the Router should
drop any service (incoming or outgoing) which has not been addressed in the proceeding rules.
Action: (Pass/Drop)
This column indicates the service(s) that will <Pass> or <Drop> from the local
network to the remote network and vice versa. On the Firewall Filters window the
following indicated Pass/Drop:
! in this column = Drop
Blank column = Pass
Typically, rules are established with the Pass action, since the last rule (which is automatically
defined by the software) Drops all services not expressly permitted by the previous rule(s). For
example, if you wish to deny all transmissions except Telnet, you would create a rule indicating
that Telnet has the Pass action. The Router software would create the last rule that states the unit
should Drop all other services.
Since any service that is not expressly permitted to pass will be prohibited, it is important that
you thoroughly understand the security policies of your WAN before attempting to create a
firewall. We suggest that only experienced Network Administrators create and maintain
firewall filters. Incorrectly defined filters may compromise the security and functionality of
your WAN.
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Firewall Filters
Service
This field displays the service that this particular rule affects. The most common services have
been pre-defined however, there are a select few options where you may further define the
service to be filtered.
Name
Finger
FTP
Description
Display information about users
File Transfer Protocol
Document search and retrieval
World Wide Web
Gopher
HTTP
ICMP
Internet Control Message
Equal = number between 0-65535
Range = Start Number (0-65535) End Number (0-65535)
NUM
IP protocol number to be specified, see Protocol Number in Firewall Filters
on page B-2 for a list of these Protocols and the assigned number.
Protocol Number = number between 1-255
Network News Transfer
NNTP
Ping
ICMP echo request/reply
POP3
SMTP
SNMP
TCP
Post Office Protocol Version 3
Simple Mail Transfer
Simple Network Management Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol
Equal = number between 0-65535
Range = Start Number (0-65535) End Number (0-65535)
User interface to remote unit
Telnet
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
WAIS
Wide Area Information Services
Service Establishment
Use this field to establish the transmission direction that will be affected by this rule.
Incoming
Outgoing
In/Out
All session establishments coming from the remote which match the value
in the Service field, will adhere to the value in the Action field.
All transmissions outbound from the LAN toward this remote which match
the value in the Service field, will adhere to the value in the Action field.
Will affect both incoming and outgoing transmissions.
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Firewall Filters
Local IP Address/Network
Enter the IP Address of the local device or network that this rule will affect. If you enter the
address of a local device, this rule will affect only the session establishments of the local device
and the destination address entered in the Remote IP Address/Network field, below. If this
rule is to affect “any” local devices/networks, leave this field with an asterisk default symbol *.
Significant Bits
Use this field to identify the number of bits, from left to right that will be used to match the
IP Address field within the data packet with the value entered into the Local IP Address/
Network. Range is between 1-32.
Remote IP Address/Network
Enter the IP Address of the remote device or network that this rule will affect. If you enter the
address of a remote device, this rule will affect only the session establishments of the remote
device and the device/network address entered in the Local IP Address/Network field, above.
If this rule is to affect “any” remote devices/networks, leave this field at the default symbol *.
Significant Bits
Use this field to identify the number of bits, from left to right, that will be used to match the
IP Address field within the data packet with the value entered into the Remote IP Address/
Network. Range is between 1 to 32.
<
> Packets which match this rule
Use this field to indicate whether a rule match should trigger an Alarm or Log entry.
(Blank)
Alarm
Log
A transmission match will not trigger an Alarm or Events log entry.
A transmission match will trigger an Alarm entry.
A transmission match will trigger an Events log entry.
Log or Alarm entries may also be useful when a specific security issue is at stake. For example,
if your security policy does not permit Telnetting, you may wish to keep track of all Telnet
attempts. As a general rule, however, we do not recommend keeping a log of all rule matches
since this may impact system performance and may cause an Event or Alarm screen overflow.
NOTE: When enabled, a single event/alarm will be logged for all TCP
session initiations. An event/alarm will be logged for each packet for all
UDP transfers. UDP traffic should typically not be allowed across a
firewall.
NOTE: All firewall rules are considered filters and will be applied toward
the maximum allowable number of 500 filters.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Filter Network/Server
Filter Network/Server
This screen allows you to filter the Remote (WAN) networks/servers in two ways,
depending on which mode is selected. The <Filter> mode causes the unit to learn all
networks/services on known networks, and then advertise these services to the LAN.
In the <Learn> mode the unit will disable or restrict learning of networks/services.
Under this mode, services will only be learned if they are selected or added. For
example, when you enter the current screen, all known networks/services will be
displayed, since the <Filter> mode is the default mode. If you wish to restrict which
services are learned you may change the Selected Items field to <Learn> and then
enable only selected services displayed on the screen. Once you exit this screen and
save the changes, only those services that you enabled and/or added will be learned and
displayed.
Since the <Filter> mode learns all services, it may be most appropriate for smaller
networks. The <Learn> mode however, may be best for larger networks since it allows
you to restrict which types of services are learned.
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Filter Network/Server
3. Tab down to Setup: <Security/Options> and scroll with the [SPACEBAR] to
<Filter Network/Server>. Press [ENTER].
Remote
Profile
Window
4. Select with the [SPACEBAR] <IP Networks>, <IPX Networks> or <IPX
Servers>. [TAB] to the Selected Items field.
Filter
Network/
Server
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Filter Network/Server
5. Select <Learn> or <Filter> and press [ENTER].
6. To Manually configure a service (with <IPX Servers> only), select [CTRL A]
to add a Filter.
Filter Network/Server Fields
Setup
Use this field to identify which networks or server types you wish to review and filter.
<IP Networks>, <IPX Networks> or <IPX Servers>
Selected Items (Filter/Learn)
<Filter> (default) The Router will learn all networks/servers and advertise them to the LAN.
This mode is particularly useful for small networks with few items to be learned/advertised.
Customize the advertised networks/servers in one of two ways; <Learn> or [CTRL A]
<Learn> Under this mode, learning and advertising are disabled until a specific server type is
selected from the displayed servers or is manually added. The <Learn> mode is much better
suited for larger networks, as specifying which networks/servers you wish the Router to learn
may consume less filters than specifying which networks/servers you Do Not want learned.
[CTRL A] keys to manually configure a service to be filtered or learned. When manually
configuring a service, the following prompt is displayed. You must define a server type,
however the corresponding server name may be left blank. If a server name is not defined, all
services of the specified type will be learned, regardless of the name.
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Filter Network/Server
NOTE: The server type 0004 was selected to be advertised to the LAN,
therefore all 0004 type servers will be advertised and do not need to be
individually selected (lines 2 through 4).
If the server type and name are specified, only servers that match both values will be learned or
filtered. Be aware that the Name value is case and spacing sensitive.
Network
This field displays the network address of each service/network learned from the remote unit.
If this route was added using the Static Network screen, “Static Fltr” will appear before the
network address of this entry.
Type
This field is only available when the Setup field is set to <IPX Servers>. The Type field
displays the Hex value assigned to each known server. When a service is added using
[CTRL A], a Hex value must be defined. If you wish to learn or filter certain services that match
a particular server type, manually add an entry specifying the desired Hex value. This setting
will enable the unit to learn or filter all services that match the specified service type. This field
may be used in conjunction with the Name field, described below. Range 1-FFFF.
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Filter Network/Server
Name
This field displays the first 11 characters of the name of each known network/server. If a server
is manually added and a server name is not defined, all servers matching the added type will be
learned and the first 11 characters of their names will be displayed. If both the server name and
type are defined when the server is manually added then only servers matching both criteria will
be learned.
Filter [ ]
This field will change depending on the value set in the Selected Items field. Use the
[SPACEBAR] to place and X in this field to choose that the Router will Filter the chosen
network or server.
Learn [ ]
This field will change depending on the value set in the Selected Items field. Use the
[SPACEBAR] to place and X in this field to choose that the Router will Learn the chosen
network or server.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree
NOTE: This option does not display on the Remote WAN Profile Setup,
until the Router CARD profile/Spanning Tree is enabled AND the
Remote Profile is set to <Bridge>.
The Spanning Tree configures the setup for the Spanning Tree Algorithm.
To Configure Spanning Tree:
1. Select Configuration <Profile Directory> from the Main Menu, and press
[ENTER].
2. Select WAN < Setup -> and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Spanning Tree
3. Select Setup: <Spanning Tree > and press [ENTER].
NOTE: Spanning Tree is only available in the Setup: Menu when the
IP Protocol Mode is set to <Bridge>.
4. To enable Spanning Tree, scroll <Disabled> to <Enabled>, with the
[SPACEBAR], press [ENTER].
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Spanning Tree
5. Enter the appropriate data in the following fields.
Port Priority
The Port Priority value can range from 0 to 255, with a default of 128.
Port Cost
The Port Priority value can range from 0 to 65535, with a default of 651.
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Profile Directory:Remote Profile
Trunk Port
Trunk Port
Use this screen to define the Router Interface.
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until Configuration <Profile Directory> is
highlighted.
2. Select WAN <Setup -> on the RemoteUnit line and press [ENTER].
Profile
Directory
Window
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Trunk Port
3. Select Setup:<Trunk Port> and press [ENTER].
Remote
Profile
Window
4. Select the WAN Port Number by scrolling the <None> to the desired WAN.
Note: Only WANs that are setup will display here.
WAN Port
Setup
Window
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Trunk Port
5. Set DLCI value (range is 16 - 1022).
WAN Port
Setup
Window
Select WAN Port Number
Scroll through the available WAN port selections.
Connection
Displays the connection for the selected WAN Port.
WAN Connection Type
Displays the WAN Connection Type for the selected WAN Port.
DLCI
Displays the DLCI for the selected WAN Port.
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Trunk Port
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Basic Configuration
Overview
Overview
The Basic Configuration is designed to walk the user through all the Basic Setup to
operate the Router effectively. This feature can be used at any time, to initially setup
the Router, or to change the configuration of the Router. As setup information is
entered and the Enter button is selected, the next setup item will appear.
ESC will exit this setup program at any time.
ENTER will move to the next page or enter the information into the system.
Start Basic Configuration
1. Select Configuration: <Basic Config > -> from the Router Main menu and
press [ENTER].
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Basic Configuration
Start Basic Configuration
2. Select <Yes> to enter the setup program and press [ENTER].
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Basic Configuration
Router Identification
Router Identification
NOTE: When this window is opened the items below in the box are not
displayed. As you fill in information or accept the current (default)
information (by hitting [ENTER]) the next line will display. This is the same
process that you will find on all of the windows in the Guide.
Router Name: (LocalUnit )
Enter a unique name for the Local Unit. Name can be up to 11 characters.
Router IP Address
Enter the IP Address of the Router.
Router Subnet Mask
Enter the Subnet Mask of the above IP Address.
Router Default Router
Enter a default Router IP Address.
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Basic Configuration
Routing Protocol/Security
Routing Protocol/Security
Direction(s) for LAN Network Updates
Selection is: < Both>, <Neither>, <Send>, <Receive>.
RIP mode to be received from remotes
Selection is: <RIP1>, <RIP2>, <RIP1/RIP2>.
RIP mode to send to remotes
Selection is: <RIP1>, <RIP2>, <RIP1/RIP2>.
Protocol remotes will use to authenticate local LocalUnit
Selection is: <CHAP>, <PAP>, <NONE>.
Change the CHAP Secret LocalUnit will send?
Note: this field displays only with a selection on <CHAP>
Selection is: <YES>, <NO>. Below the current Secret Password is listed.
If <YES> is selected, the operator will be requested to enter in a new password, and retype this
password to confirm.
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Basic Configuration
Routing Protocol/Security
Change the PAP Secret LocalUnit will send?
Note: this field displays only with a selection on <PAP>.
Selection is: <YES>, <NO>. Below the current Secret Password is listed.
If <YES> is selected, the operator will be requested to enter in a new password, and retype this
password to confirm.
Authentication User ID
Selection is: <Local Profile Name>, <Local Custom Name>.
<Local Profile Name> Displays the current Local Profile name.
<Local Custom Name> With this selection you will be prompted to enter a Custom name. This
name can be up to 32 characters long.
Protocol LocalUnit will use to authenticate all remotes
Selection is: <CHAP>, <PAP>, <NONE>.
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Basic Configuration
WAN Interface Connections
WAN Interface Connections
This screen will display the Port Number and connection information of existing
WANs.Whe window displays one WAN initially, as you set the connection type and
then hit [ENTER] the next WAN will display.
Note: You are not allowed to back up to the previous WAN on the list. This screen will
only hold 8 WANs on a page, additional pages are added as needed.
Port Number
Displays the Port Number of the WAN (1-24).
WAN Connection
Displays the connection {slot:port:channel} of each existing WAN.
WAN Connection Type
Selection is: <PPP>, <Frame Relay 1490> and <PPP in Frame Relay>.
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Basic Configuration
WAN Interface Connections
For Frame Relay, Set Option for PVC Management
Selection is: <Disabled>, <Annex D> and <LMI>.
Set Poll Interval
Range is between 5-30.
Set Poll Counter
Range is between 1-255.
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Basic Configuration
Remote Unit Profile
Remote Unit Profile
A screen will ask you if you would like to Edit a Remote Unit Profile. Select <YES>
and [ENTER]. The guide will walk through each Remote Profile that has been setup.
When exiting the last profile the guide will ask if you if you would like to add a Remote
Profile.
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Basic Configuration
Remote Unit Profile
Profile Name
Enter a unique name for this Remote Unit. Name can be up to 11 characters.
Protocol
IP
Mode - <Route>, <Blocked> and <Bridge>.
WAN Network Updates - <Never>, <Periodic> and <Triggered>.
IPX
Mode - <Blocked>, <Bridge> and <Optimized>.
WAN Network Updates - <Never>, <Periodic>, <Triggered>.
Other
Mode - <Blocked>, <Bridge> and <Optimized>.
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Basic Configuration
Remote Unit Profile
Does this unit have a numbered IP address assigned on the WAN?
Selection is: <Yes>, <No>. If <Yes> is selected IP Address and Subnet Mask below are listed.
IP Address
Enter the IP Address of the Remote Unit.
Subnet Mask
Enter the Subnet Mask of the above IP Address.
Select WAN Port Number
Selection is: <None>, <1> through <24> (all existing WAN ports are listed).
Connection
Displays the connection information for the selected WAN in the form {slot:port:channel}.
WAN Connection Type
Displays the WAN connection type (PPP, Frame Relay 1490 or PPP in Frame Relay).
DLCI
Enter the Data Link Connection Identifier. Range is between 16-1022.
Note: This field is not available with a WAN that has PPP set as it’s connection type.
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Basic Configuration
SNMP Configuration
SNMP Configuration
When you are finished adding additional Remote Profiles, select elect <NO> and
[ENTER]. The guide will move onto the SNMP co.
SNMP Communities
Name - Enter a 10 character name.
Address - Enter an IP address (first line) Subnet Mask for second line.
Access - Selection is: <read>, <write>, <both>.
SNMP Trap Destinations
Name - Enter a 10 character name.
Address - Enter an IP address (first line) Subnet Mask for second line.
Location - Selection is: <Local LAN>, will have a selection for each Remote Unit that a profile has
been created for.
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Basic Configuration
Setup Complete
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Verification Window
Ping Utility
Ping Utility
Use this option to verify any communication problems between the Router and various
devices connected to your LAN or at a Remote location. Problems are detected when a
“ping” is sent to a device. If the device echoes back to the Router, then communications
are operating normally. If no echo returns, then further investigation is needed. Devices
must be running TCP/IP software in order for the ping to be successful.
A single ping may be used, where only one packet is sent to the device being tested, or
a continuous ping to the device until you manually terminate the test. Continual pinging
may help identify intermittent communication problems. Please note that when pinging
a device on a remote LAN, it is not unusual for the first ping to fail.
NOTE: In order to perform LAN port testing, the selected frame type must
be Ethernet II and the Router’s IP Address must be configured.
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until Ping Utility is highlighted on the
Verification option.
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Verification Window
Ping Utility
2. Press [ENTER]. The Ping Utility window will display.
3. To initiate a Ping, select START PING <Single Ping >, scroll to
<Continuous Ping> if desired and press [ENTER]. The Ping process will
begin.
LAN Port Tests Fields
Dst Host
Destination Host. The Destination Address of the host to be tested.
Access Port
This is the local or remote profile of the network used during the test. The operator can scroll
(with the [SPACEBAR]) through the selections of the Access Port: <Local LAN> to select the
Local LAN or any of the defined Remote Unit(s). All defined Remote Profiles will be in this
selection.
Src IP Address
Source IP Address. This is one of the multiple IP addresses assigned to the Ethernet LAN port
and will override the IP address that will be used as the source IP address. Default is to use the
IP address of the interface from which the ping is sent.
Payload Size
This optional parameter sets the number of bytes to send in the ICMP echo request payload.
Range is 0 to 8000, default is 56.
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Verification Window
Ping Utility
START PING < >
<Single Ping >
Test for device failure.
The single ping test will send one ping, and display the results of the test.
<Continuous Ping >
Test for intermittent communication problems.
A continuous ping will send a ping until the test is manually terminated. Results of the
continuous ping test are constantly updated, based on the result of each ping sent. Press
[ESC] to terminate the test at any time.
Successful Single Ping
Unsuccessful Single Ping
Status
Status
IP Dst Address
IP Src Address
MAC Address
: 100.1.0.26
IP Dst Address
IP Src Address
MAC Address
: 100.1.0.26
: 100.1.0.10
: 100.1.0.10
:
: 00-00_86_62_72_17
Response Time
Last Result
: < 1ms
Last Result
: Destination Unreachable
: Host Responding
Successful Single Ping
Unsuccessful Single Ping
Status
Status
IP Dst Address
IP Src Address
MAC Address
: 100.1.0.26
IP Dst Address
IP Src Address
MAC Address
: 100.1.0.26
: 100.1.0.10
: 100.1.0.10
:
: 00-00_86_62_72_17
Response Time
Last Result
: < 1ms
Last Result
: Destination Unreachable
: Host Responding
Response Count: 19 Timeout Count: 0
Response Count: 19 Timeout Count: 0
Response Window Fields:
IP Address
Displays the IP Address entered on the setup window.
MAC Address
When a Single Ping is successful, the MAC Address is displayed. When the test has failed,
the MAC Address field does not display, and a timeout result is displayed.
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Verification Window
Ping Utility
Result or Last Result
Will indicate if the host is responding to the test. Result notices will be one of the following:
Host Responding - This is a successful test with a ping responding.
Destination Unreachable - This is an unsuccessful test. The Router is not able to talk to the IP
Address.
Timeout - This is an unsuccessful test. There is no response within a reasonable amount of time.
Response Count
During successful testing the Response Count field will display the number of times that the
Router received an echo back from the device.
Timeout Count
The Timeout Count will increment with each unsuccessful ping. During successful testing, the
Timeout Count field will display a 0, which means that no communications errors have been
encountered.
NOTE: A continuous ping test may be intermittently unsuccessful. This is an
indication that a transmission error may occur with this device during actual
data transmission.
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Verification Window
Trace Route
Trace Route
The Trace Route option is used to verify timely and reliable connections. The Trace Route
utility determines the path a packet follows from source to destination.
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until the Ping Utility is highlighted on the
Verification option.
2. Press [SPACEBAR] to scroll to Trace Route.
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Verification Window
Trace Route
3. Press [ENTER]. The Trace Route window will display.
Trace Route Utility - <START TRACERT> - >
After all parameters are entered, select <START TRACERT> and [ENTER] to start the trace.
DstHost
Enter an IP Address or, domain name to use for this query. IP Address must be in the form of
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where xxx is between 0-255.
Src Port
Scroll through the available options (Local LAN and Remote Units).
SrcIP Port
The source IP address from any of the routers numbered IP addresses. Default is the IP address
of the router interface used to send the packets.
InitialTTL
This optional parameter defines the beginning of the range of hops to query. Range is
1 - 254 value, Note: must be less than MaxTTL. Default is 1.
MaxTTL
This optional parameter defines the end (or the maximum) of the range of hops to query. Range
is 2 - 255 value, Note: must be more than InitialTTL. Default is 30.
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Verification Window
Trace Route
Method
<ICMP> - Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) method of trace routing is the most
widely used and has the best reliability. (Default).
<UDP> - User Datagram Protocol (UDP) method requires that all devices in the chain of the
trace route support probes on the particular UDP port. This method is not recommended.
Size
Define Packet Size. Range 0 - 65500
IP: Tos
Sets the IP type of service. Range 0x00 - 0xFF Hex. Default is 0.
Don’t Frag
Sets the "Don’t Fragment" flag in the IP header. This can be used along with the size setting to
determine the maximum payload size that can be sent between the router and the destination
without fragmentation occurring, the path MTU.
UDP Port
Sets the UDP port to send to. Range is 1 - 65535, with a default of 33434. This setting only
applies if the method is set to UDP.
Query: Number
Defines the number of probe packets sent to each hop along the route. Range is 1 - 10,. Default
is 3.
Wait
Defines the wait time between queries. Range is 0 - 250 ms. Default is 1 ms.
Timeout
Defines the query timeout. Range is 1 - 60 seconds. Default is 3 seconds.
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Verification Window
Port Monitor
Port Monitor
The Port Monitor option is a diagnostic tool that can be used to review the actual data
being transmitted to, or received by the Local (LAN) unit. This can be especially useful
in determining where a transmission failure is occurring.
When monitoring is started, a hex display of each transmission, may be viewed as it
occurs. The number of packets that are displayed is determined by the value given at
the Number of bytes to display for each packet prompt. When attempting to
determine a transmission problem, it may be useful to print the hex displays for further
analysis.
NOTE: The Port Monitor should only be used for installation verification
and PPP negotiation verification. Under normal operation the Port Monitor
should not be used as it will decrease performance.
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until the Ping Utility is highlighted on the
Verification option.
2. Press [SPACEBAR] to scroll to Port Monitor.
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Verification Window
Port Monitor
3. Press [ENTER]. The Port Monitor window will display.
Port Name:
Select the Port Name, by scrolling through the list of (LAN Port, Remote Units) with the
[SPACEBAR].
Start Monitor
Use this prompt to initiate the packet trace. Select START MONITOR - > and press [ENTER]
to begin the trace. As the transmission occurs, the packet hex dump will be displayed on the
screen.
If you wish, you may end the trace at any point. Press [ESC] to terminate.
Trap On
Use this field to define what traps to turn on. <All>, <ARP/RARP>, <ALL IP, <IP ADDR#>,
<All UDP>, <UDP Port# >, <RIP>, <STP>, <IPX>, <ICMP>, <MGCP>, <RTP>,
<BLOCK TCP>. Note: With <UDP Port#>, a port number (range: 0 - 65535) is entered. With
<IP ADDR#> an IP Address is entered.
Number of bytes to display for each packet:
Use this field to enter the number of bytes to display for each packet. The range is 0-512.
Direction
Use this field to define the direction to trace. <Both>, <Transmit> or <Receive>.
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Verification Window
Port Monitor
The following an example of a WAN Monitor trace.
>>>Sending>>> Time= 2:55:31 msg-0001 WAN-WAN+2 14 octets (ESC to stop)
00: 00 01 03 08 00 75 95 01 01 00 03 02 67 66
FR DLCI-0 Bridged Eth
<<<Receiving<<< Time= 2:55:31 msg-0002 WAN-WAN+2 19 octets (ESC to stop)
00: 00 01 03 08 00 7D 95 01 01 00 03 02 67 67 07 03
10: 06 A0 82
FR DLCI-0 Bridged Eth
<<<Receiving<<< Time= 2:55:38 msg-0003 WAN-WAN+2 100 octets (ESC to stop)
00: 18 41 03 CC 45 00 00 60 E5 1F 00 00 7F 11 81 AA
10: 14 14 00 03 C0 A8 00 04 00 89 00 89 00 4C 48 0F
FR DLCI-100 IP
IP4-HDR: src=20.20.0.3 dst=192.168.0.4 ttl=127 len=20
UDP-HDR: Ports src=137 dst=137 len=76 cksum is=480F,cacl=0
>>>Sending>>> Time= 2:55:38 msg-0004 WAN-WAN+2 100 octets (ESC to stop)
00: 18 41 03 CC 45 00 00 60 E5 1F 00 00 7E 11 82 AA
10: 14 14 00 03 C0 A8 00 04 00 89 00 89 00 4C 48 0F
FR DLCI-100 IP
IP4-HDR: src=20.20.0.3 dst=192.168.0.4 ttl=126 len=20
UDP-HDR: Ports src=137 dst=137 len=76 cksum is=480F,cacl=0
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Verification Window
Port Monitor
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CHAPTER
Statistics Window
The Statistics window is used to review data transmission information between
the Local (LAN) unit and Remote (WAN) devices. This option allows you to
review data transmission statistics to/from remote units. This data will help
throughput, compression, and errors.
In this Chapter
n Run-Time
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Statistics Window
Run-Time
Run-Time
Use this screen to review the statistics regarding data transmission to and from remote
units. All remote units that appear on the Profile Directory screen will be displayed
here. If no data is currently being transmitted to a specific unit, the transmission fields
will display 0’s.
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until the Run-time is highlighted on the
Statistics option.
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Statistics Window
Run-Time
2. Press [ENTER]. The Run-time Statistics window will display.
Auto-Update
Use this field to select whether you wish to have this screen automatically updated with new
transmission statistics while you are viewing the screen. <On> will update the screen every 2
seconds. <Off> will disable this feature.
Clear < > Totals
Use this field to reset (clear) the total packets displayed in the following fields.
<All>
Will clear both the LAN and WAN Packet Totals.
<LAN>
Will clear only the LAN Packet Totals.
<WAN>
Will clear only the WAN Packet Totals.
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Statistics Window
Run-Time
LAN Packet Totals
Use this field to review the number of LAN packets that the local unit has Received,
Transmitted, and contained Errors. If Auto-Update is set to <No>, the LAN packet totals will
not increment while the screen is displayed.
Received
This field will increment as packets are received from the LAN. For this total to update,
Auto-Update must be <On>.
Transmitted
This field will increment as packets are transmitted by the Router to the LAN. These
include packets received from the WAN as well as internally generated packets. For this
total to update, Auto-Update must be <On>.
Errors
This field increments as packets are transmitted to, or received from the LAN in error. This
includes RX CRC errors (partial frames, aborted frames and “bad frames”) and TX retry
failures and RX carrier loss errors. This does not include bad packets that result from
collisions. For this total to update, Auto-Update must be <On>.
Note: There are WAN protocol packets sent to the telephone company switch, even
when there are no active calls.
WAN Packet Totals
Use this field to review the number of WAN packets that the local unit has Received,
Transmitted, and contained Errors. If Auto-Update is set to <No>, the WAN packet totals
will not increment while the screen is displayed.
Received
This field increments as packets are received from the WAN. This includes packets from
all remote sites. For this total to update, Auto-Update must be <On>.
Transmitted
This field increments as packets are received from the LAN and internally generated
packets, such as network optimization packets, which have been transmitted to the WAN.
For this total to update, Auto-Update must be <On>.
Errors
This field identifies packets that have been transmitted to, or received from the WAN in
error. This includes RX CRC errors (partial frames, aborted frames, long frames and “bad
frames”) as well as aborted TX frames. It is used to identify WAN communication
problems prior to contacting the telephone company for further diagnosis. For this total to
update, Auto-Update must be <On>.
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Statistics Window
Run-Time
Remote’s Name
This field reflects the names of all the Remote (WAN) profiles listed in the Profile Directory.
Forwarded to WAN
This field represents the number of data packets per second (pps) that are being forwarded from
the LAN to the respective remote units. Each screen update is a current snapshot of transmission
activity.
Throughput to/from WAN
This field value displays two numbers which represent the current bandwidth utilization in bits
per second (bps) for each remote site listed. The TO number represents transmission utilization
going from the LAN to the listed remote unit. The FROM number represents transmission
utilization received from the listed remote unit.
Comp. Ratio to/from WAN
Using advanced data compression algorithms, the Router constantly seeks to determine the best
way to compress the data to be transmitted across the WAN. The values in this field represent
how much the Router was able to compress the data. Since some data is more compressible than
others, the compression ratio will reflect this.
Remote Conns.
The numeric value in this field represents the number of connections currently active per
Remote (WAN) site.
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Statistics Window
Run-Time
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System Reports Window
Events
2. Press [ENTER]. The Event Log will display.
Auto-Update
<On> or <Off>.
Time
The value in this column represents the date and time that the specific event occurred. Events
are displayed in descending order with the most recent event displayed at the top of the screen.
Message
This column displays the actual event that occurred on the Router. Use this field to trace the
activities of your Router.
Count
If the same event occurs consecutively, the value in the count column will display the number
of times that the event occurred, although the message will display only once. Note that the time
stamp reflects the date and time that the event first occurred.
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System Reports Window
Alarms
Alarms
This screen displays alarms that have occurred on your Router. When an alarm is
triggered, the LED labeled CRD on the front of the Router will be RED and will remain
until the alarm is cleared. Unlike the System Events, alarms will not increment the
Count field each time they occur. Each alarm will be listed separately and the Count
field will display a value of 1.
Alarm listings will also appear as flashing or bold text entries in the User Event Log.
Please note that all alarms will generate SNMP traps.
The Alarm Log is cleared when the Router is reinitialized.
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until the Alarms is highlighted on the System
Reports option. Use the [SPACEBAR] to scroll to Alarms if it not displayed.
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System Reports Window
Alarms
2. Press [ENTER]. The Alarm Log will display.
Auto-Update
Use this field to have this screen automatically update with events while you are viewing the
screen. <On> will update the screen every 5 seconds, <Off> will disable this feature.
Time
Displays the date and time that the alarm occurred. Alarms are displayed in descending order
with the most recent alarm first.
Message
Displays the actual alarm that triggered the alarm on the Router.
Count
Unlike the Event screen, the value in the count column will not increment each time that the
alarm occurs. Note that the time stamp reflects the time that the alarm first occurred.
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System Reports Window
Networks/Servers
Networks/Servers
Use this screen to review all of the networks and servers that your Local (LAN) Unit
has learned on its Local LAN or from remote units, as well as static entries.
By sending out IPX and IP RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and IPX SAP (Service
Advertising Protocol) packets and monitoring RIP and SAP packets from other
devices, the Router will learn about other servers and networks. The Router will
constantly monitor RIP and SAP packets to ensure that the status of the network or
server has changed. Should a RIP or SAP packet indicate a change in status, the Router
would update the data in the table and send the information to all enabled remotes to
exchange the updated data. This screen will change depending on the values in the
Display and Learned From fields.
1. On the Main Menu, [TAB] to the System Reports option.
2. Press [SPACEBAR] to scroll to Networks/Servers.
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System Reports Window
Networks/Servers
3. Press [ENTER]. The Networks/Servers listing will display.
Display
Use this field to select whether you wish to view the table for <IP Networks>, <IPX
Networks> or < IPX Servers>. Use the [SPACEBAR] to scroll though the options, the screen
will update accordingly.
Learned From
Will select what to learn from, the Local LAN or from any of the Remote sites listed in the
Profile Directory. Use the [SPACEBAR] to scroll though the options, the screen will update
accordingly.
Auto-Update
Use this field to have this screen automatically update with events while you are viewing the
screen. <On> will update the screen every 5 seconds.
Network
This field displays the network IP address of each network known to the Router. If this route
was added using one of the Static Network screens, Static will appear before the address of this
entry. If this route was learned by the local unit, Direct will appear before the address.
Type
This field displays the Hex value assigned to each known server. This field applies only to IPX
Servers.
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System Reports Window
Networks/Servers
Name
This field displays the first 11 characters of the name of each known server. This field applies
only to IPX Servers.
Metric
This field displays the numeric value (of hops) indicating the distance from your Local (LAN)
network to the destination network. This field applies only to IP Networks.
Next Gateway
This field displays the MAC Address of the first gateway (Router) that the data will use to reach
the destination network. This field is only used on IP Networks.
Hops
See Metric, above. This field is only used on IPX Networks.
Ticks
This field displays the distance between two networks as measured in time increments (1/18th
of a second). This information is only used by IPX Networks. Like hops, ticks may be used to
designate primary and secondary routes to the same network. Although both the hops and ticks
values are considered when determining routing priority, for Novell networks, the tick value is
considered first.
Next IPX Router
This field displays the MAC Address of the next gateway (Router) that the data will use to reach
the destination network. This applies only to IPX Networks.
Frame Type
This field will display the chosen frame type of the packets that are sent and received by the
Router. If a packet is received that is formatted in a frame type that has not been enabled, the
Router will not accept the data. Note that multiple frame types may be supported
simultaneously. This field applies only to IPX Networks.
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System Reports Window
Address Tables
Address Tables
Use this screen to review the MAC Address and IP Address of the devices that are
known by the Router. The Router will monitor traffic on the LAN/WAN and
dynamically learn the MAC Address and/or IP Address of each device. This learning
is a continuous process that occurs automatically as communication takes place on the
LAN or across the WAN. The MAC Address and IP Address Tables, along with
Network Tables are used to determine if and where the Router should send packets.
1. On the Main Menu, [TAB] to the System Reports option.
2. Press [SPACEBAR] to scroll to Address Tables.
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System Reports Window
Address Tables
3. Press [ENTER]. The Address Tables window will display. These windows
will change as different options are selected.
MAC
Address
IP
Address
Flush Learned Entries
This field will eliminate all the learned entries from either the <MAC Address> table or the
<IP Address> table when the field is changed from <Off> to <On>. Use the [SPACEBAR] to
scroll to the selection.
Display
Use this field to select to view the address table by <MAC Address> or <IP Address>. Use the
[SPACEBAR] to select the appropriate view. The screen will update accordingly as you scroll
between options. When the view by IP Address is selected, the table may also display the
corresponding MAC Address for locally learned devices. Corresponding MAC Addresses are
only displayed if the Router has encountered an ARP/RARP packet.
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System Reports Window
Address Tables
Learned From
Will select to view devices learned from the LAN or from any remote units. This field will
display either <All Ports>, <Local LAN> or each of the individual Remotes listed in the
Profile Directory. The screen will update accordingly as you scroll between options.
Auto-Update
Use this field to have this screen automatically update with events while you are viewing the
screen. <On> will update the screen every 5 seconds.
Port Name
Displays the information, listing by Port.
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System Reports Window
Address Tables
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Exit Window
Logout
Logout
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until the Logout is highlighted on the Exit
option.
2. Press [ENTER]. The system will exit out of the Router Menu-Drive software
and the following message is displayed.
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Exit Window
Reinitialize
Reinitialize
Some changes that you make to the Management software will not take effect until the
Router is reinitialized. Since this procedure is common to all functions within the
software, the reinitialization procedure appears on the Main Menu.
1. On the Main Menu, press [TAB] until the Logout is highlighted on the Exit
option.
2. Press [SPACEBAR] to scroll to Reinitialize.
3. Press [ENTER]. The following message is displayed:
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CHAPTER
In this Chapter
n Basic Setup
Routing
Address Routing
Firewall Filters
Addresses
n PPP Internet Connection and Public IP Address
Routing
n Back-to-Back with PPP
n Back-to-Back with Frame Relay
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Router Configuration
Basic Setup
Basic Setup
Command
Description
set {ds0-addr} type data
Confirm DS0 is set to type data.
ds0-addr = {slot:port:channel} of DS0
Example: set a:1:1-24 type data
connect {slot:port:trunk}
{slot:port:channel}
Cross-connect T1 to router card.
Example: connect a:1:1-24 6:1:1 (router in slot 6)
set {router-addr} proxy
Disable/enable router proxy.
router-addr = {slot:port}| of router card.
Example: set 6:1 disable.
set {slot:port} up
Set Router LAN as In-Service.
Example: set 6:1 up
telnet {router_card-addr}
Telnet to Router card.
router_card-addr = {slot} location of router card
Example: telnet 6 (if earlier than 3.0 release {slot:port}
must be used)
Local and Remote Profile Setup
reinitialize
To enable any configuration changes, the card must be
reinitialized.
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Router Configuration
PPP Internet Connection and Public IP Address Routing
PPP Internet Connection and
Public IP Address Routing
Router in Slot 1
ISP Router that provides the Internet connection.
Command
Description
set clock1 a:1
set 1 default
disconnect a:1
Set primary master transmit clock source
Set Router to default settings
Disconnect all connections to the T1 on the
Controller (slot a)
disconnect 1
Disconnect all connections to the router in slot 1
Set the T1-1 of the Controller, Type to Data
Connect all of T1-1 to the Router that is in slot 1
set a:1:all type data
connect a:1:all 1:1:1
rename 1 "LocalUnit" "Boulder"
Rename the Adit 600 from "LocalUnit" (default)
to "Boulder" (LAN)
rename 1 "RemoteUnit" "wan1"
Rename WAN #1 from "RemoteUnit" (default) to
"wan1"
set 1:1 ip address 215.168.21.14
255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address, in the conventional IP
address format. (Router LAN)
add 1 "wan1" static ip network
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1
Adds a static IP network (route) to the WAN
interface
set 1 "wan1" trunk 1
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to be
mapped to trunk 1
set 1:1:1 encapsulation ppp
reset 1
Set the encapsulation on trunk 1 to PPP
Reboot the router, to enable all configurations set
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Router Configuration
Frame Relay Internet Connection and Public IP Address Routing
Frame Relay Internet Connection and
Public IP Address Routing
Router in Slot 1
ISP Router that provides the Internet connection.
Command
Description
set clock1 a:1
set 1 default
disconnect a:1
Set primary master transmit clock source
Set Router to default settings
Disconnect all connections to the T1 on the
Controller (slot a)
disconnect 1
Disconnect all connections to the router in slot 1
Set the T1-1 of the Controller, Type to Data
Connect all of T1-1 to the Router that is in slot 1
set a:1:all type data
connect a:1:all 1:1:1
rename 1 "LocalUnit" "Boulder"
Rename the Adit 600 from "LocalUnit" (default)
to "Boulder" (LAN)
rename 1 "RemoteUnit" "wan1"
Rename WAN #1 from "RemoteUnit" (default) to
"wan1"
set 1:1 ip address 215.168.21.14
255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address, in the conventional IP
address format. (Router LAN)
add 1 "wan1" static ip network
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1
Adds a static IP network (route) to the WAN
interface
set 1:1:1 encapsulation fr
set 1 lmi annexd
Set the encapsulation on trunk 1 to Frame Relay
Disable LMI to Annex D
set 1 "wan1" trunk 1
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to be
mapped to trunk 1
set 1 "wan1" dlci 101
reset 1
Set the DLCI number
Reboot the router, to enable all configurations set
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Router Configuration
Internet Connection using PPP, NAT/PAT and Firewall Filters
Internet Connection using PPP, NAT/PAT and
Firewall Filters
Router in Slot 1
ISP Router that provides the Internet connection. Router with NAT/PAT and
Firewall Filters.
Command
Description
set clock1 a:1
set 1 default
disconnect a:1
Set primary master transmit clock source
Set Router to default settings
Disconnect all connections to the T1 on the
Controller (slot a)
disconnect 1
Disconnect all connections to the router in slot 1
Set the T1-1 of the Controller, Type to Data
Connect all of T1-1 to the Router that is in slot 1
set a:1:all type data
connect a:1:all 1:1:1
rename 1 "LocalUnit" "Boulder"
Rename the Adit 600 from "LocalUnit" (default)
to "Boulder" (LAN)
rename 1 "RemoteUnit" "wan1"
Rename WAN #1 from "RemoteUnit" (default) to
"wan1"
set 1:1 ip address 192.168.21.14
255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address, in the conventional IP
address format. (Router LAN)
set 1 "wan1" nat enable
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" enable
NAT mapping
set 1 "wan1" nat port dynamic
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to set NAT
port mapping to be dynamic
set 1 "wan1" nat address
216.174.44.2 1
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" NAT
address
add 1 "wan1" static ip network
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1
Adds a static IP network (route) to the WAN
interface
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Router Configuration
Internet Connection using PPP, NAT/PAT and Firewall Filters
Command
Description
add 1 "wan1" firewall 1 pass
incoming log telnet
192.168.21.14/32
Adds a Firewall rule to the WAN. Where
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the host’s IP address at the far
end that will be able to ping or Telnet to the
router. 0.0.0.0/0 will allow any other host at the
far end to ping and/or Telnet to the router.
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/32
add 1 "wan1" firewall 2 pass
inout nolog ping
192.168.21.14/32
Adds a Firewall rule to the WAN. Where
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the host’s IP address at the far
end that will be able to ping or Telnet to the
router. 0.0.0.0/0 will allow any other host at the
far end to ping and/or Telnet to the router.
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/32
add 1 "wan1" firewall 3 pass
inout nolog ping 0.0.0.0/0
0.0.0.0/0
Adds a Firewall rule to the WAN.
Adds a Firewall rule to the WAN.
Adds a Firewall rule to the WAN.
add 1 "wan1" firewall 4 pass
inout nolog tcp 1-65535 0.0.0.0/0
0.0.0.0/0
add 1 "wan1" firewall 5 pass
inout nolog udp 1-65535 0.0.0.0/0
0.0.0.0/0
set 1 "wan1" trunk 1
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to be
mapped to trunk 1
set 1:1:1 encapsulation ppp
reset 1
Set the encapsulation on trunk 1 to PPP
Reboot the router, to enable all configurations set
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Router Configuration
Internet Connection using NAT and Static NAT Addresses
Internet Connection using NAT and Static NAT
Addresses
Router in Slot 1
ISP Router that provides the Internet connection. Router with NAT and Static NAT
addresses.
Command
Description
set clock1 a:1
set 1 default
disconnect a:1
Set primary master transmit clock source
Set Router to default settings
Disconnect all connections to the T1 on the
Controller (slot a)
disconnect 1
Disconnect all connections to the router in slot 1
Set the T1-1 of the Controller, Type to Data
Connect all of T1-1 to the Router that is in slot 1
set a:1:all type data
connect a:1:all 1:1:1
rename 1 "LocalUnit" "Boulder"
Rename the Adit 600 from "LocalUnit" (default)
to "Boulder" (LAN)
rename 1 "RemoteUnit" "wan1"
Rename WAN #1 from "RemoteUnit" (default) to
"wan1"
set ethernet ip address
192.168.21.15 255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address and Subnet Mask, for
the Adit 600
set ip gateway 192.168.21.14
Set the IP gateway (default route), for the Adit
600
set 1:1 ip address 192.168.21.14
255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address, in the conventional IP
address format. (Router LAN)
set 1 "wan1" nat enable
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" enable
NAT mapping
set 1 "wan1" nat port dynamic
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to set NAT
port mapping to be dynamic
set 1 "wan1" nat address
216.174.44.2 1
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" NAT
address
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Router Configuration
Internet Connection using NAT and Static NAT Addresses
Command
Description
add 1 "wan1" static ip network
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1
Adds a static IP network (route) to the WAN
interface
add 1 "wan1" static nat address
192.168.21.14 216.174.44.232
Add static NAT bi-directional mapping to wan1
Add static NAT bi-directional mapping to wan1
Add static NAT bi-directional mapping to wan1
Add static NAT bi-directional mapping to wan1
add 1 "wan1" static nat address
192.168.21.15 216.174.44.233
add 1 "wan1" static nat address
192.168.21.16 216.174.44.234
add 1 "wan1" static nat address
192.168.21.17 216.174.44.235
set 1:1:1 encapsulation fr
set 1 lmi annexd
Set the encapsulation on trunk 1 to Frame Relay
Disable LMI Annex D
set 1 "wan1" trunk 1
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to be
mapped to trunk 1
set 1 "wan1" dlci 101
reset 1
Set the DLCI number
Reboot the router, to enable all configurations set
216.174.44.232 is the static NAT address assigned to the router.
216.174.44.233 is the static NAT address assigned to the controller.
216.174.44.234 is the static NAT address for a server*.
216.174.44.235 is the static NAT address for a host*.
*In the private network that can be reached from the outside world.
There can be up to 16 static NAT addresses, therefore the actual range can be
216.174.44.232 to 216.174.44.247. Only 4 were used in this example.
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Router Configuration
Back-to-Back with PPP
Back-to-Back with PPP
The following configuration will set up two Routers back-to-back with PPP.
24 DS0s
wan1: PPP or Frame Relay
Static Routes
IP
Boulder Router in Slot 1
Command
Description
set 1 default
Set Router to default settings
disconnect a:1
Disconnect all connections to the T1 on the
Controller (slot a)
disconnect 1
Disconnect all connections to the router in slot 1
Set the T1-1 of the Controller, Type to Data
Connect all of T1-1 to the Router that is in slot 1
set a:1:all type data
connect a:1:all 1:1:1
rename 1 "LocalUnit" "Boulder"
Rename the Adit 600 from "LocalUnit" (default)
to "Boulder" (LAN)
rename 1 "RemoteUnit" "wan1"
Rename WAN #1 from "RemoteUnit" (default) to
"wan1"
set 1:1 ip address 1.1.1.1
255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address, in the conventional IP
address format. (Router LAN)
set 1:1 phy auto
Set the Physical Specifications to auto-negotiate
set 1 "wan1" rip ip updates never Set "wan1" to not send RIP updates
add 1 "wan1" static ip network
2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 1
Adds a static IP network (route) to the WAN
interface
set 1:1:1 encapsulation ppp
set 1 "wan1" trunk 1
Set the encapsulation on trunk 1 to PPP
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to be
mapped to trunk 1
reset 1
Reboot the router, to enable all configurations set
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Router Configuration
Back-to-Back with PPP
Denver Router in Slot 1
Command
Description
set 1 default
disconnect a:1
Set Router to default settings
Disconnect all connections to the T1 on the
Controller (slot a)
disconnect 1
Disconnect all connections to the router in slot 1
Set primary master transmit clock source
set clock1 a:1
set a:1:all type data
connect a:1:all 1:1:1
rename 1 "LocalUnit" "Denver"
Set the T1-1 of the Controller, Type to Data
Connect all of T1-1 to the Router that is in slot 1
Rename the Adit 600 from "LocalUnit" (default)
to "Denver" (LAN)
rename 1 "RemoteUnit" "wan1"
Rename WAN #1 from "RemoteUnit" (default) to
"wan1"
set 1:1 ip address 2.2.2.1
255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address, in the conventional IP
address format. (Router LAN)
set 1:1 phy auto
Set the Physical Specifications to auto-negotiate
set 1 "wan1" rip ip updates never Set "wan1" to not send RIP updates
add 1 "wan1" static ip network
1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 1
Adds a static IP network (route) to the WAN
interface
set 1:1:1 encapsulation ppp
set 1 "wan1" trunk 1
Set the encapsulation on trunk 1 to PPP
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to be
mapped to trunk 1
reset 1
Reboot the router, to enable all configurations set
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Router Configuration
Back-to-Back with Frame Relay
Back-to-Back with Frame Relay
The following configuration will set up two Routers back-to-back with Frame Relay.
Denver
Boulder
1.1.1.1/24
1.1.1.1/24
24 DS0s
wan1: PPP or Frame Relay
Static Routes
IP
Boulder Router in Slot 1
Command
Description
set clock1 internal
set 1 default
disconnect a:1
Set primary master transmit clock source
Set Router to default settings
Disconnect all connections to the T1 on the
Controller (slot a)
disconnect 1
Disconnect all connections to the router in slot 1
Set the T1-1 of the Controller, Type to Data
Connect all of T1-1 to the Router that is in slot 1
set a:1:all type data
connect a:1:all 1:1:1
rename 1 "LocalUnit" "Boulder"
Rename the Adit 600 from "LocalUnit" (default)
to "Boulder" (LAN)
rename 1 "RemoteUnit" "wan1"
Rename WAN #1 from "RemoteUnit" (default) to
"wan1"
set 1:1 ip address 1.1.1.1
255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address, in the conventional IP
address format. (Router LAN)
set 1:1 phy auto
Set the Physical Specifications to auto-negotiate
add 1 "wan1" static ip network
2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 1
Adds a static IP network (route) to the WAN
interface
set 1:1:1 encapsulation fr
set 1 lmi disable
Set the encapsulation on trunk 1 to Frame Relay
Disable LMI (Local Management Interface)
set 1 "wan1" trunk 1
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to be
mapped to trunk 1
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Router Configuration
Back-to-Back with Frame Relay
set 1 "wan1" dlci 101
Set the DLCI number
reset 1
Reboot the router, to enable all configurations set
Denver Router in Slot 3
Command
Description
set 3 default
disconnect a:1
Set Router to default settings
Disconnect all connections to the T1 on the
Controller (slot a)
disconnect 3
Disconnect all connections to the router in slot 1
Set primary master transmit clock source
set clock1 a:1
set a:1:all type data
connect a:1:all 3:1:1
rename 3 "LocalUnit" "Denver"
Set the T1-1 of the Controller, Type to Data
Connect all of T1-1 to the Router that is in slot 1
Rename the Adit 600 from "LocalUnit" (default)
to "Denver" (LAN)
rename 3 "RemoteUnit" "wan1"
Rename WAN #1 from "RemoteUnit" (default) to
"wan1"
set 3:1 ip address 2.2.2.1
255.255.255.0
Set the Ethernet IP address, in the conventional IP
address format. (Router LAN)
set 3:1 phy auto
Set the Physical Specifications to auto-negotiate
set 3 "wan1" rip ip updates never Set "wan1" to not send RIP updates
add 3 "wan1" static ip network
1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 1
Adds a static IP network (route) to the WAN
interface
set 3:1:1 encapsulation fr
set 3 lmi disable
Set the encapsulation on trunk 1 to Frame Relay
Disable LMI (Local Management Interface)
set 3 "wan1" trunk 1
Set the WAN interface named "wan1" to be
mapped to trunk 1
set 3 "wan1" dlci 101
reset 3
Set the DLCI number
Reboot the router, to enable all configurations set
11-12
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User Events
User Events
User Events
Description
“access” login terminated
Adit Initialized
“IP Address” was dynamically assigned by “remote”
Login accepted at “access” level
Login rejected
Password changed for “access” level
Port “X” connected
Port “X” down
System Date/Time Change recorded
Terminal inactivity, login terminated
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User Events
Authenticate Events
Authenticate Events
Description
“sysname” failed to authenticate us using CHAP
“sysname” failed to authenticate us using PAP
Authentication successful to “remote” using CHAP
Authentication successful to “remote” using PAP
Authentication failure to “remote” using CHAP
Authentication failure to “remote” using CHAP
CHAP secret mismatch
Authentication failure to “remote” using CHAP
system name mismatch
Authentication failure to “remote” using CHAP
Retry timeout occurred
WAN protocol is active (inactive) to “remote” on port “X”
LCP negotiation was successful to “remote”
IPCP negotiation was successful to “remote”
CCP negotiation failed to
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User Events
Triggered Events
Triggered Events
Description
Triggered IPX Network request from “X”
Triggered IPX Server request (to) from “X”
Triggered 802.3 IPX Server update (to) from “X”
Triggered 802.3 IPX Network update (to) from “X”
Triggered 802.2 IPX Server update (to) from “X”
Triggered 802.2 IPX Network update (to) from “X”
Triggered ETH II IPX Network update (to) from “X”
Triggered ETH II IPX Server update (to) from “X”
Triggered SNAP IPX Network update (to) from “X”
Triggered SNAP IPX Server update (to) from “X”
Triggered IP Network request (to) from “X”
Triggered ETH II IP Network update (to) from “X”
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User Events
Alarms
Alarms
Data integrity fault detected and corrected
This is logged when the unit detects and recovers from a loss of data
synchronization.
Dedicated trunk connection on Port “X” lost
Description
[Local LAN, “remote”] [IPX SAP, IPX RIP] [“server name”,“network”] exists at
[Local LAN,“remote”]
MAC Address Table is full
Triggered 802.3 IPX (Eth II IP) network update to “remote” fail
Triggered 802.3 IPX server update to “remote” fail
WAN data loss detected, recovery action taken
This is logged when the unit begins the recovery process from trunks with high
error conditions.
[Pass, Drop] [dyn] [Any, Protocol=xx,Type=xx,Port=xx] [to, from] <rem sys>
Firewall Rule <rule num>
NOTE: All alarms generate SNMP traps.
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User Events
Alarms
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Protocol Types
Protocol Number in Firewall Filters
Protocol Number in Firewall Filters
In the Router cards we can filter based on protocol numbers in the Firewall Filters
(WAN). See Firewall Filters on page 5-29 for Firewall instructions and See Service on
page 5-33 for the field where this protocol number is entered.
Number Keyword
Protocol
Reference
[RFC1883]
[RFC702]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
HOPOPT
ICMP
IGMP
GGP
IP
IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option
Internet Control Message
Internet Group Management
Gateway-to-Gateway
IP in PIP (encapsulation)
Stream
[RFC1112]
[RFC823]
[RFC2003]
[RFC1190, RFC1819]
[RFC793]
ST
TCP
Transmission Control
CBT
CBT
EGP
IGP
[Ballardie]
Exterior Gateway Protocol
[RFC888, DLM1]
[IANA]
any private interior gateway
(used by Cisco for their IGRP)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
BBN-RCC-MON
NVP-II
BBN RCC Monitoring
Network Voice Protocol
PUP
[SGC]
[RFC741, SC3]
[PUP, XEROX]
[RWS4]
PUP
ARGUS
EMCON
XNET
ARGUS
EMCON
[BN7]
Cross Net Debugger
Chaos
[IEN158, JFH2]
[NC3]
CHAOS
UDP
User Datagram
Multiplexing
[RFC768, JBP]
[IEN90, JBP]
[DLM1]
MUX
DCN-MEAS
HMP
DCN Measurement Subsystems
Host Monitoring
Packet Radio Measurement
XEROX NS IDP
Trunk-1
[RFC890, RH6]
[ZSU]
PRM
XNS-IDP
TRUNK-1
TRUNK-2
LEAF-1
[ETHERNET, XEROX]
[BWB6]
Trunk-2
[BWB6]
Leaf-1
[BWB6]
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Protocol Types
Protocol Number in Firewall Filters
Number Keyword
Protocol
Reference
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
LEAF-2
RDP
Leaf-2
[BWB6]
Reliable Data Protocol
Internet Reliable Transaction
[RFC908, RH6]
[RFC938, TXM]
IRTP
ISO-TP4
NETBLT
MFE-NSP
MERIT-INP
SEP
ISO Transport Protocol Class 4
Bulk Data Transfer Protocol
NFE Network Services Protocol
MERIT Internodal Protocol
Sequential Exchange Protocol
Third Party Connect Protocol
[RFC905, RC77]
[RFC969, DDC1]
[MFENET, BCH2]
[HWB]
[JC120]
3PC
[SAF3]
IDPR
Inter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol [MXS1]
XTP
XTP
[GXC]
[WXC]
[MXS1]
DDP
Datagram Delivery Protocol
IDPR-CMTP
IDPR Control Message Transport
Protocol
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
TP++
TP++ Transport Protocol
IL Transport Protocol
[DXF]
IL
[Presotto]
IPv6
IPv6
[Deering]
SDRP
IPv6-Route
IPv6-Frag
IDRP
Source Demand Routing Protocol
Routing Header for IPv6
Fragment Header for IPv6
Inter-Domain Routing Protocol
Reservation Protocol
[DXE1]
[Deering]
[Deering]
[Sue Hares]
[Bob Braden]
[Tony Li]
RSVP
GRE
General Routing Encapsulation
Mobile Host Routing Protocol
BNA
MHRP
BNA
[David Johnson]
[Gary Salamon]
[RFC2406]
[RFC2402]
ESP
Encap Security Payload for IPv6
Authentication Header for IPv6
AH
I-NLSP
SWIPE
NARP
MOBILE
Integrated Net Layer Security TUBA [GLENN]
IP with Encryption
[J16]
NBMA Address Resolution Protocol
IP Mobility
[RFC1735]
[Perkins]
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Protocol Types
Protocol Number in Firewall Filters
Number Keyword
Protocol
Reference
56
TLSP
Transport Layer Security Protocol
using Kryptonet key management
[Oberg]
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
SKIP
SKIP
[Markson]
[RFC1883]
[RFC1883]
[RFC1883]
[IANA]
IPv6-ICMP
IPv6-NoNxt
IPv6-Opts
ICMP for IPv6
No Next Header for IPv6
Destination Options for IPv6
any host internal protocol
CFTP
CFTP
[CFTP, HCF2]
[IANA]
any local network
SAT-EXPAK
KRYPOTOLAN
RVD
SATNET and Backroom EXPAK
Kryptolan
[SHB]
[PXL1]
MIT Remote Virtual Disk Protocol
Internet Pluribus Packet Core
any distributed file system
SATNET Monitoring
VISA Protocol
[MBG]
IPPC
[SHB]
[IANA]
SAT-MON
VISA
[SHB]
[GXT1]
IPCV
Internet Packet Core Utility
[SHB]
CPNX
Computer Protocol Network Executive [DXM2]
CPHB
Computer Protocol Heart Beat
Wang Span Network
Packet Video Protocol
Backroom SATNET Monitoring
SUN ND PROTOCOL-Temporary
WIDEBAND Monitoring
WIDEBAND EXPAK
ISO Internet Protocol
VMTP
[DXM2]
[VXD]
[SC3]
WSN
PVP
BR-SAT-MON
SUN-ND
WB-MON
WB-EXPAK
ISO-IP
[SHB]
[WM3]
[SHB]
[SHB]
[MTR]
[DRC3]
[DRC3]
[BXH]
VMTP
SECURE-VMTP
VINES
SECURE-VMTP
VINES
TTP
TTP
[JXS]
NSFNET-IGP
DGP
NSFNET-IGP
[HWB]
[DGP, ML109]
Dissimilar Gateway Protocol
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Protocol Types
Protocol Number in Firewall Filters
Number Keyword
Protocol
TCF
Reference
[GAL5]
87
TCF
88
EIGRP
OSPFIGP
Sprite-RPC
LARP
EIGRP
[CISCO, GXS]
[RFC1583, JTM4]
[SPRITE, BXW]
89
OSPFIGP
Sprite RPC Protocol
90
91
Locus Address Resolution Protocol
Multicast Transport Protocol
AZ.25 Frames
[BXH]
[SXA]
[BK29]
[JI6]
92
MTP
93
AX.25
IPIP
94
IP-within-IP Encapsulation Protocol
Mobile Internetworking Control Pro
95
MICP
[JI6]
96
SCC-SP
ETHERIP
ENCAP
Semaphore Communications Sec. Pro. [HXH]
97
Ethernet-within-IP Encapsulation
Encapsulation Header
any private encryption scheme
GMTP
[RFC3378]
98
[FRC1241, RXB3]
[IANA]
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
GMTP
IFMP
[RXB5]
Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol
PNNI over IP
[Hinden]
[Callon]
PNNI
PIM
Protocol Independent Multicast
ARIS
[Farinacci]
[Feldman]
[Durst]
ARIS
SCPS
SCPS
QNX
QNX
[Hunter]
[Braden]
[RFC2393]
[Sridhar]
[Volpe]
A/N
Active Networks
IPComp
SNP
IP Payload Compression Protocol
Sitara Networks Protocol
Compaq Peer Protocol
IPX in IP
Compaq-Peer
IPX-in-IP
VRRP
PGM
[Lee]
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
PBM Reliable Transport Protocol
any 0-hop protocol
[Hinden]
[Speakman]
[IANA]
L2TP
DDX
IATP
STP
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol
D-II Data Exchange (DDX)
Interactive Agent Transfer Protocol
Schedule Transfer Protocol
[Aboba]
[Worley]
[Murphy]
[JMP]
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Protocol Types
Protocol Number in Firewall Filters
Number Keyword
Protocol
SpectraLink Radio Protocol
Reference
[Hamilton]
[Lothberg]
[Ekblad]
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135-254
255
SRP
UTI
UTI
SMP
SMP
SM
SM
[Crowcroft]
[Welzl]
PTP
Performance Transparency Protocol
ISIS over IPv4
FIRE
[Przygienda]
[Partridge]
[Sautter]
CRTP
Combat Radio Transport Protocol
Combat Radio User Datagram
CRUDP
SSCOPMCE
IPLT
[Sautter]
[Waber]
[Hollbach]
[McIntosh]
[Petri]
SPS
Secure Packet Shield
PIPE
Private IP Encapsulation within IP
SCTP
Stream Control Transmission Protocol [Stewart]
FC
Fibre Channel
[Rajagopal]
[RFC3175]
[IANA]
RSVP-E2E-IGNORE
Unassigned
Reserved
[IANA]
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Ethernet Protocol Types
Ethernet Protocol Types
This table defines the protocol types that would used by the LAN Protocol filters. The
associated Hex number is entered into the Ethernet Value field see, Defining Protocol
Filters on page 4-23.
HEX
DESCRIPTION
0000-05DC
1010-01FF
0200
IEEE 802.3 Length Field (0-1500 decimal)
Experimental (for development) Conflicts with 802.3 length fields
Xerox PUP - Conflicts with 802.3 length fields
PUP Address Translation - Conflicts with 802.3 length fields
Xeros XNS IDP
0201
0600
0800
DOD IP
0801
X.75 Internet
0802
NBS Internet
0803
ECMA Internet
0804
CHAOSnet
0805
X.25 Level 3
0806
ARP (for IP and for CHAOS)
SNX Compatibility
0807
081C
Symbolics Private
0888-088A
0900
Xyplex
Ungermann-Bass network debugger
Xerox 802.3 PUP
0A00
0A01
PUP 802.3 Address Translation
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Protocol Types
Ethernet Protocol Types
HEX
0BAD
1000
DESCRIPTION
Banyan Systems Inc.
Berkeley trailer negotiation
Berkeley Trailer encapsulation
VALID
1001-100F
1600
4242
BXS Basic Block Protocol
BBN Simnet Private
DEC Unassigned
5208
6000
6001
DEC MOP Dump/Load Assistance
DEC MOP Remote Console
DEC DECnet Phase IV
DEC LAT
6002
6003
6004
6005
DEC DECnet Diagnostics
DEC DECnet Customer Use
DEC DECnet SCA
6006
6007
6008
DEC unassigned
6009
DEC unassigned
6010-6014
7000
3Com Corporation
Ungermann-Bass download
Ungermann-Bass NIU
Ungermann-Bass NIU
OS/9 Microware
7001
7002
7007
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Protocol Types
Ethernet Protocol Types
HEX
7020-7029
7030
7034
8003
8004
8005
8006
8008
8010
8013
8014
8015
8016
8019
802E
802F
8035
8036
8038
8039
803A
DESCRIPTION
LRT (England)
Proteon
Cabletron
Cronus VLN
Cronus Direct
HP Probe protocol
Nestar
AT&T
Excelan
SGI diagnostic type (obsolete)
SGI network games (obsolete)
SGI reserved type (obsolete)
SGI "bounce server" (obsolete)
Apollo
Tymshare
Tigan, Inc.
Reverse ARP
Aeonic Systems
DEC LANBridge
DEC Unassigned
DEC Unassigned
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Protocol Types
Ethernet Protocol Types
HEX
803B
803C
803D
803E
803F
8040
8041
8042
8044
8046
8047
8049
805B
DESCRIPTION
DEC Unassigned
DEC Unassigned
DEC Ethernet CSMA/CD Encryption Protocol
DEC Unassigned
DEC LAN Traffic Monitor
DEC Unassigned
DEC Unassigned
DEC Unassigned
Planning Research Corporation
AT&T
AT&T
ExperData (France)
VMTP (Versatile Message Transaction Protocol, RFC-1045,
Stanford)
805C
805D
8060
8062
8065
8066
8067
Stanford V Kernel production, Version 6.0
Evans & Sutherland
Little Machines
Counterpoint Computers
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Vecco Integrated Automation
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Protocol Types
Ethernet Protocol Types
HEX
8068
DESCRIPTION
General Dynamics
8069
AT&T
806A
806C
806D
806E-8077
807A
807B
807C
807D
807E
807F
8080
Autophon (Switzerland)
ComDesign
Compugraphic Corporation
Landmark Graphics Corporation
Matra (France)
Dansk Data Elektronic A/S (Denmark)
Merit Internodal
VitaLink Communications
VitaLink Communications
VitaLink Communications
VitaLink Communications bridge
Counterpoint Computers
Counterpoint Computers
Counterpoint Computers
Xyplex
8081
8082
8083
8088
8089
Xyplex
808A
809B
809C
Xyplex
Kinetics Ethertalk-Appletalk over Ethernet
Datability
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Protocol Types
Ethernet Protocol Types
HEX
DESCRIPTION
809D
Datability
809E
Datability
809F
Spider Systems, Ltd. (England)
Nixdorf Computer (West Germany)
Siemens Gammasonics Inc.
Digital Communication Associates
Digital Communication Associates
Digital Communication Associates
Digital Communication Associates
Pacer Software
80A3
80A4-80B3
80C0
80C1
80C2
80C3
80C6
80C7
Applitek Corporation
80C8-80CC
80CD
80CE
Integraph Corporation
Harris Corporation
Harris Corporation
80CF-80D2
80D3
Taylor Inst.
Rosemount Corporation
Rosemount Corporation
IBM SNA Services over Ethernet
Varian Associates
80D4
80D5
80DD
80DE
Integrated Solutions TRFS (Transparent Remote File System)
Integrated Solutions
80DF
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Protocol Types
Ethernet Protocol Types
HEX
DESCRIPTION
Allen-Bradley
80E0-80E3
80E4-80F0
80F2
Datability
Retix
80F3
Kinetics, AppleTalk ARP (AARP)
Kinetics
80F4
80F5
Kinetics
80F7
Apollo Computer
Wellfleet Communications
Symbolics Private
Symbolics Private
Symbolics Private
Waterloo Microsystems
VG Laboratory Systems
80FF-8103
8107
8108
8109
8130
8131
8137
Novell (old) NetWare IPX (ECONFIG E Option)
Novell
8138
8139-813D
9000
KTI
Loopback (Configuration Test Protocol)
Bridge Communications XNS Systems Management
Bridge Communications TCP/IP Systems Management
Bridge Communications
9001
9002
9003
FF00
BBN BITAL LANBridge cache wakeup
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Protocol Types
Ethernet Protocol Types
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APPENDIX
Troubleshooting
In this Appendix
n Diagnostics and Performance Tools
- Verification
- Statistics
- System Reports
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Troubleshooting
Communication Related Issues
Communication Related Issues
Excessive Triggered Update Events on the Events screen
This generally is an indication that the network is changing due to the addition or
subside. If this continues, it may indicate that the number of networks or servers on the
LAN exceed the Router’s table capacity. Set the LAN NETWORK UPDATES field,
located on the Local Profile window to <Send> or <Neither> and then statically
configure the appropriate networks.
Excessive triggered update events may also be the result of information advertised to
the Router by a Remote Unit. If this is the case, restrict advertising on the remote unit
see, Chapter 5, Profile Directory:Remote Profile.
LAN Related Issues
Unable to add data filters, advertise networks or create
The Router software will accommodate a maximum of 150 filters. Data filters, such as
address, custom or protocol filters, networks advertised to no remotes, firewall filter
rules and all static route entries are all considered filters. If you have been able to add
filters in the past, but are no longer able to do so, this is an indication that the maximum
limit has been reached. We suggest that you review all created data filters, advertised
networks and static route entries and eliminate those that are no longer applicable. See
Chapter 4, LAN (Local) Profile Setup.
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Troubleshooting
LAN Related Issues
Unable to connect to anything outside
the LAN from LAN host
Ping the Router
LAN IP address
No
Is the ping
No
Verify cabling is correct (straight cable
if connected to a switch or hub,
crossover if connected to a NIC)
Is the Link LED
successful
green
Yes
Yes
Change IP
No
Host & LAN IP in the
same subnet
address and/or
subnet mask
Yes
Reboot host and
reinitialize router
Statistics:Run-Time
Check Remote Conns
No
WAN packets
received and
transmitted
No
No
Remote Conns 1
Is T1 up
Repair T1 issue
Yes
Yes
Yes
Verify that the
encapsulation is correct
and that there isn ’t an
authentication
Verify channels
match from end to
end. Verify that
remote router port is
enabled.
Check WAN profile
Static/VPN Networks
mismatch
No
Add network to Static/
VPN Network field
Correct network defined
Yes
Verify that remote router has route
defined back to local router ‘s newtorks
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Troubleshooting
LAN Related Issues
First, verify that the local Router was given an IP Address that is on the same network
as the workstation. Since Telnet uses the IP protocol, establish that IP is functioning
correctly by “pinging” the local unit from the workstation or by pinging the workstation
from the local unit. Pinging will verify that there is communication between the
workstation and the Router. Since you are unable to Telnet into the local unit, you will
need to connect the local unit to a workstation using the Async port. Once you are
connected to the local unit, refer to Chapter 7, Ping Utility. The inability to ping from
one device to the other indicates a problem with IP or possibly the Telnet software.
Refer to your Telnet documentation for more information.
Refer to the instructions given above in Unable to access the local unit via Telnet. In
addition, make sure that the workstation trying to Telnet, as well as the IP and ARP
packets are authorized to communicate across the WAN. Review the FORWARD
MODE field setting as well as the enabled filters on both the local and remote units to
verify that they are set up to communicate (refer to Chapter 3, Configuration - Profile
Directory - Chapter 4, LAN (Local) Profile Setup and Chapter 5, Remote (WAN)
Profile. Also, if the remote network is different, define the local unit’s IP Address as
the default route for the workstation and make sure that there is a remote route to the
remote’s network in the Network/Server table.
Be aware that if you establish a firewall filter and do not expressly permit Telnetting
into this unit, you will be denied access.
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Troubleshooting
Diagnostics and Performance Tools
Diagnostics and Performance Tools
The Verification, Statistics and System Reports features are instrumental in diagnosing
and troubleshooting the Router card.
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Troubleshooting
Diagnostics and Performance Tools
Verification
The Verification section may be used to identify suspected communication problems
between the local and remote devices. Verification options are:
Ping Utility
Verifies the ability of the local unit to communicate by pinging remote or local
devices. See Ping Utility on page 7-2 for more information on this feature.
Trace Route
The Trace Route option is used to verify timely and reliable connections. The Trace
Route utility determines the path a packet follows from source to destination. See
Trace Route on page 7-6 for more information on this feature.
Port Monitor
The Port Monitor is a diagnostic tool that is used to review the actual data being
transmitted from, or received by the local Router. When the monitoring is started,
a hexadecimal display of each transmission as it occurs is shown. See Port Monitor
on page 7-9 for more information on this feature.
NOTE: The Port Monitor decreases the throughput of the Router. It should
only during installation and troubleshooting procedures, not during normal
operation.
Statistics
Run-Time
The Run-Time is used to review data transmission information between the Local
(LAN) unit and Remote (WAN) devices. This option allows you to review data
transmission statistics to/from remote units. This data will help you to monitor the
Router’s connection/performance capabilities such as throughput, compression,
and errors. See Chapter 8, Statistics Window for more information regarding this
feature.
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Troubleshooting
Diagnostics and Performance Tools
System Reports
The System Reports menu presents data that may be useful in identifying WAN
communication problems.
Events
The Events listing offers on-going historical activity for the Router, while the
Alarm listing indicates events that suggest further investigation. See Events on
page 9-2 for more information regarding this feature.
Alarms
This screen provides a listing of any Alarms that have occurred on the Router.
When an Alarm is triggered, the Router LED (labeled CRD) will display a red
indicator light, which will stay on until the Alarm is cleared. Each Alarm is listed
separately and the Count field will display a value of 1. See Alarms on page 9-4 for
more information regarding this feature.
Network/Servers
By sending out IPX and IP RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and IPX SAP
(Service Advertising Protocol) packets and monitoring RIP and SAP packets from
other devices, the Router will learn about other servers and networks. The Router
will constantly monitor RIP and SAP packets to ensure that the status of the
network or server has changed. Should a RIP or SAP packet indicate a change in
status, the Router would update the data in the table and send the information to all
enabled remotes to exchange the updated data. See Networks/Servers on page 9-6
for more information regarding this feature.
Address Tables
The MAC Address and IP Address Tables, along with Network Tables are used to
determine if and where the Router should send packets. See Address Tables on
page 9-9 for more information regarding this feature.
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Troubleshooting
Alarms
Alarms
Identify Alarm
Alarm indicators
l Router LEDs - When an Alarm is triggered, the Router LED (labeled CRD)
will display a red indicator light, which will stay on until the Alarm is cleared
The following chart describes each LED, and it’s state, of the Router card.
LED
State
Description
CRD
Off
Loss of power
Green
No current alarms
Red
Alarm state active. See alarm log for cause
Self-test or Boot in-process
Red Flashing
Yellow Flashing
Card is saving data to flash RAM, do not
power down
10/100
LNK
Off
10 Mb Ethernet
Green
Off
100 Mb Ethernet
No Ethernet link
Green
Off
Good Ethernet link
COL
No current ethernet transmit collisions
Yellow
Ethernet collisions have occurred and have
not dropped to minimum level
Yellow Flashing
Ethernet collision occurring
No Ethernet transmit activity
Ethernet transmit activity
TX
RX
Off
Green
Off
No current Ethernet receive activity
Current Ethernet receive activity
Green
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Troubleshooting
Alarms
Display Alarms
To display Router alarms:
On the Main Menu, System Reports option select <Alarms - >, or use the
[SPACEBAR] to scroll to Alarms if it not displayed.
This Window provides a listing of any Alarms that have occurred on the Router.
Each Alarm is listed separately and the Count field will display a value of 1. See
Alarms on page 9-4 for more information regarding this feature.
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Troubleshooting
Alarms
Clear Alarm
Once an alarm is identified then the process of clearing it can begin.
l Silence Alarm, if necessary (Alarm Cut Off CLI command: aco)
l Check Connection
l Check Cable, replace if necessary
l Check hardware and replace if necessary
l Call Customer Service
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GLOSSARY
Glossary
Annex D
B8ZS
A frame relay standard extension dealing with the communication and
signaling between customer premises and equipment and frame relay
network equipment for the purpose of querying network status
information.
Bipolar 8-Zero Substitution, a coding scheme that maintains ones
density.
Bit
Contraction of the words "binary" and "digit".
Bits per second
bps
CHAP
CLI
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
Command Line Interface
Command
Line
The command line is where you enter MS-DOS commands.
CSU
Channel Service Unit, the interface to the T1 line that terminates the local
loop.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DHCP is a network configuration
that allows maintenance to be performed from a central site rather than
by end users.
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Glossary
DNS
DNS
Domain Name Servers, also known as resolvers, are a system of
computer which convert domain names into IP addresses, which consist
of a string of four numbers up to three digits each.
Filter
An operating parameter used with routers that can be set to block the
transfer of packets from one LAN to another.
Firewall
Any of a number of security schemes that prevent unauthorized users
from gaining access to a computer network and/or may monitor the
transfer of information to and from the network.
Frame
Hops
A fragment of data that is packaged into a frame format, which comprises
a header, payload, and trailer.
Each individual short trip that packets make from router to router, as they
are routed to their destination.
IP
Internet Protocol
LMI
Local Management Interface. A specification for the use of frame-relay
products that define a method of exchanging status information between
devices such as routers.
Loopback
A diagnostic test in which a signal is transmitted across a medium while
the sending device waits for its return.
Mbps
NTP
Million Bits Per Second.
Network Time Protocol, developed to maintain a common sense of time
among Internet hosts around the world. Many systems on the Internet run
NTP, and have the same time (relative to Greenwich Mean Time).
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol
Glossary - 2
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Glossary
Ping
Ping
Packet InterNet Grouper. PING is a program used to test whether a
particular network destination on the Internet is online (i.e. working) by
repeatedly bouncing a "signal" off a specified address and seeing how
long that signal takes to complete the round trip. No return signal - site is
down or unreachable. Portion is returned - trouble with the connection.
Protocol
PVC
Procedure or set of rules.
Permanent Virtual Circuit. A PVC is a permanent channel connection
between two ATM devices. PVC’s allow network transmissions to be
started without having to first establish a connection with the end point
ATM device. When a PVC is constructed, the end points of the
connection will agree upon a path in which data will travel, and therefore
agree upon the route that data will travel to reach its destination.
RADIUS
RIP
Remote Authentication Dial-In Service. RADIUS is a client/server-
based authentication software system. The software supports remote
access applications, allowing an organization to maintain user profiles in
a centralized database residing on an authentication server which can be
shared by multiple remote access servers.
Routing Information Protocol. RIP is based on distance vector
algorithms that measure the shortest path between two points on a
network, based on the addresses of the originating and destination
devices. The shortest path is determined by the number of "hops"
between those points. Each router maintains a routing table, or routing
database, of known addresses and routes; each router periodically
broadcasts the contents of its table to neighboring routers in order that the
entire network can maintain a synchronized database.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP is the most common
method by which network managements applications can query a
management agent using a supported MIB (Management Information
Base). SNMP operates at the OSI application layer.
Spanning
Tree
Spanning Tree Protocol is a link management protocol that provides path
redundancy while preventing undesirable loops in the network. For an
Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist
between two stations.
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Glossary
SNMP
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP is the most common
method by which network managements applications can query a
management agent using a supported MIB (Management Information
Base). SNMP operates at the OSI application layer.
T1
Trunk Level 1. A digital transmission link with a total signaling speed of
1.544 Mbps. T-1 is a standard for the digital transmission in North
America
Telnet
Trunk
An Internet standard protocol that enables a computer to function as a
terminal working from a remote computer
A communication line between two switching systems.
Glossary - 4
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INDEX
Admin
Advertise
Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Annex D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary-1
by Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
of Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Protocol
Numerics
100T
Full Duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-43
10T
Full Duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-43
802.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6
A
Address Filter
Address Tables
Learned From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-11
Port Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-11
Adit
Auto
Logout Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Negotiate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43
Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3, 9-5, 9-11
IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
Reinitializing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-4
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
Adit Identification
B
B8ZS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary-1
Back-to-Back with PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Basic Configuration
Adit
Default Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
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Index
C
Continuous Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Routing Protocol/Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Bipolar 8 Zero Substitution . . . . . . . . Glossary-1
Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary-1
Bridge
D
Devices
Forward Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17, 3-19
Max Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
C
DLCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
DNS Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
DNS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Domain Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
DNS Resolver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
DNS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Domain Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Clear Totals
LAN
WAN
WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Collision
Community Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Ratio to/from WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Config Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Config Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Config Upload/Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
config, security level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
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Index
Firewall Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
Forward
E
Eth II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6
Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-3
Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-3
User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
802.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6, 4-8
Ethernet II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
SNAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
F
Fields
Scroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Selected Items
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-38
Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-19
Define . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21
Define Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21
Defining Custom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22
Filter Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21
Filter Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21
Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11, 5-29
Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15, 9-8, Glossary-2
I
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10, Glossary-2
Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
IP Router - Release 1.8
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Index
L
IP Firewall
Operation
Significant Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
IPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
100T
L
LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36
Packet
Transmitted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Alarm
Significant Bits
Frame Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
802.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
802.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Eth II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
SNAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
LAN Collision Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
LAN Network Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Link Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
Collision
Default Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
LAN IPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
802.2 Ext. Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
802.3 Ext. Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Domain Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32
Ethernet II Ext. Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
LAN Port Tests
Continuous Ping Status
Response Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
Index - 4
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Index
Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37
Static Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16
login setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
Networks/Servers
Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Ticks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Next
M
Management Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2
Management Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
Mask
Mbps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Glossary-2
Mode
Next Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21
Operation
N
Name Server (NBNS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-33
Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-8
NAT
Packets which match this rule . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
PAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8, Glossary-2
Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8, 3-9
password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary-3
Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Single Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8, 5-9
NAT Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-7
NAT Bypass Subnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-24
NAT IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-23
NAT/PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-5
NetBIOS
IP Router - Release 1.8
Index - 5
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Index
R
PPP in Frame Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Profile
Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Network Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Protocol Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary-3
R
Reboot After Load Config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Record
Remote
Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Remote Adit Profile
Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
IPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Remote IP Address/Network . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Significant Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Remote Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Remote Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1, 5-4
Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Router Card Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
DNS Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
DNS Resolver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Network Time Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
RIP
Mode Receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Index - 6
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Index
SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
Router Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-1
Internet Connection using PPP,
Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Authentication by Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Router Configurations
Set Poll Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Setup
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-4
Receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-4
Remote Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-5
Remote’s Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-5
Throughput to/from WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-5
Transmitted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-4
WAN Packet Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-4
Advertisement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27
Local Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Setup Complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Significant Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Single Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Single Ping Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Continuous Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
S
Sample Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36
IP Router - Release 1.8
Index - 7
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Index
S
IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
SNAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
SYS Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
SYS Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Trap Destination
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
SNMP Communities
Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Address
SNMP Configuration
SNMP Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
SNMP Trap Destinations
NetworksRemote Profile
Address
Source
/Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary-3
Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . 3-16, 4-37, 5-40
Bridge Forward Delay . . . . . . . . . . 3-17, 3-19
Bridge Hello Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Bridge Max Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Bridge Priority . . . . . . . . . . 3-17, 4-39, 5-42
Start Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Auto-Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Clear Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Statistics Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . .4-14, 5-18, 5-20, 6-11
SYS Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
SYS Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Sys Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
SYS Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Index - 8
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Index
System Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
System Reports
Address Tables
Alarms
LAN Related Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
Admin Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Auto-Logout Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Change Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
Config Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Enhanced Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
System Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
View Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Advertise Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
Create Static Route Entries . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
Upload/Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
User Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1, A-2
Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
User ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8, 5-14
IP Router - Release 1.8
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Index
V
V
Verification
Ping Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Verification Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
W
WAN
Connection Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Packet
Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Transmitted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
WAN Connection Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
WAN Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
WAN Connection Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
WAN Monitor
Number of Bytes to Display . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Remote Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Start Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
WAN Port Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
DLCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Index - 10
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