Black Box Network Card 16 port User Manual
MAY 2002  
LS50116  
LS50116-AE  
LS50124  
LS50124-AE  
16 and 24 port Console Servers  
User Guide  
CUSTOMER Order toll-free in the U.S 24 hours, 7 A.M. Monday to midnight Friday: 877-877-BBOX  
SUPPORT  
INFORMATION  
FREE technical support, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: Call 724-746-5500 or fax 724-746-0746  
Mail order: Black Box Corporation, 1000 Park Drive, Lawrence, PA 15055-1018  
Web site: www.blackbox.com * E-mail [email protected]  
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15. En caso de existir, una antena externa deberá ser localizada lejos de las lineas de  
energia.  
16. El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea usado  
por un largo periodo de tiempo.  
17. Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean derramados  
sobre la cubierta u orificios de ventilación.  
18. Servicio por personal calificado deberá ser provisto cuando:  
a. El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido dañado; u  
b. Objectos han caído o líquido ha sido derramado dentro del aparato; o  
c. El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia; o  
d. El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un cambio en su  
desempeño; o  
e. El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido dañada.  
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FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION  
AND  
CANADIAN DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS  
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENTS  
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not  
installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's  
instructions, may cause interference to radio communication. It has been tested and  
found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device in accordance with  
the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide  
reasonable protection against such interference when the equipment is operated in a  
commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely  
to cause interference, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to  
take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the interference.  
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for  
compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.  
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emission  
from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulation of the Canadian  
Department of Communications.  
Le présent appareil numérique n'émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les  
limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la classe A prescrites dans le  
Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique publié par le ministère des  
Communications du Canada.  
Caution: the Console Server is approved for commercial use only.  
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A b o u t t h i s G u i d e  
Purpose of this manual  
This manual tells you how to install, configure and use the Console Server and  
associated utility software.  
Who this manual is for  
This manual is aimed at users who want to communicate directly via the serial port to  
networked devices (such as routers, servers and so on) in order to perform system  
administration tasks.  
This manual requires a working knowledge of using personal computers and  
associated operating systems, as well as experience in installing host cards and  
peripherals.  
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Fast Contents  
ABOUT THIS GUIDE..................................................................................................... 5  
FAST CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... 6  
CONTENTS................................................................................................................... 7  
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 17  
CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION ......................................................................................... 23  
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION ....................................................................... 69  
CHAPTER 4 USING YOUR CONSOLE SERVER .............................................................. 115  
APPENDIX A CABLING INFORMATION ....................................................................... 125  
APPENDIX B THE CLI COMMANDS ............................................................................ 141  
APPENDIX C SNMP ................................................................................................... 203  
APPENDIX D UPGRADING YOUR FIRMWARE .............................................................. 215  
APPENDIX E SUMMARY OF LINE SERVICE TYPES ..................................................... 223  
APPENDIX F BOOTP ................................................................................................. 227  
APPENDIX G JETSET ................................................................................................. 243  
APPENDIX H TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................. 251  
INDEX.......................................................................................................................... 259  
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Contents  
ABOUT THIS GUIDE..................................................................................................... 5  
Purpose of this manual.................................................................................................... 5  
Who this manual is for..................................................................................................... 5  
FAST CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... 6  
CONTENTS................................................................................................................... 7  
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 17  
About the Console Server................................................................................................ 18  
Typical applications summary........................................................................................ 20  
Managing devices over the LAN/WAN ................................................................. 20  
Managing devices without accessing the LAN/WAN............................................ 20  
Network security................................................................................................... 20  
Management and diagnostics ............................................................................... 20  
Console Server front and rear views.............................................................................. 21  
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CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION ........................................................................................ 23  
General installation procedure....................................................................................... 24  
Rack mounting your Console Server............................................................................. 25  
Desk mounting your Console Server............................................................................. 27  
Multiple stacking your Console Server.......................................................................... 28  
LED guide.......................................................................................................................... 29  
Selecting AUI or 10/100 Base T interface..................................................................... 32  
Setting up an IP address.................................................................................................. 33  
Setting up an IP address automatically using DHCP .......................................... 33  
Set up procedure.......................................................................................................... 33  
About DHCP ............................................................................................................... 35  
Manually setting up an IP address ....................................................................... 38  
Set up procedure.......................................................................................................... 39  
Server form field descriptions..................................................................................... 42  
Accessing the Console Server configuration software................................................ 45  
Logging onto your Console Server....................................................................... 45  
Setting up your network parameters.............................................................................. 46  
Setting up the host table........................................................................................ 46  
Adding a Host.............................................................................................................. 46  
Changing a Host ......................................................................................................... 48  
Deleting a host ............................................................................................................ 49  
Changing the Admin Password ............................................................................ 50  
RADIUS configuration ......................................................................................... 51  
Set up procedure.......................................................................................................... 51  
RADIUS parameters description................................................................................. 54  
DNS configuration................................................................................................ 56  
WINS configuration .............................................................................................. 57  
Configuring network gateways............................................................................. 58  
Adding a gateway........................................................................................................ 59  
Deleting a Gateway..................................................................................................... 60  
Verifying your network installation ...................................................................... 61  
Saving configuration changes........................................................................................ 62  
Saving to non-volatile memory............................................................................. 62  
Saving to a file ...................................................................................................... 63  
Setting date and time........................................................................................................ 64  
Performing a soft reboot.................................................................................................. 65  
Restoring factory default settings................................................................................... 66  
Resetting to factory defaults using software......................................................... 66  
Resetting to factory defaults using reset switch.................................................... 66  
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CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION ...................................................................... 69  
Security............................................................................................................................... 70  
Setting up the line on your Console Server................................................................... 70  
Viewing and editing your line settings........................................................................... 71  
Lines set to reverse Telnet by default.................................................................... 71  
Lost password.................................................................................................................... 73  
Configuring a dial in line................................................................................................ 74  
Introduction to SLIP and PPP connections.......................................................... 74  
Deciding whether to use SLIP or PPP ................................................................. 74  
Setting up the line ................................................................................................. 75  
Configuring SLIP.................................................................................................. 78  
Configuring PPP .................................................................................................. 82  
PPP configuration procedure ..................................................................................... 82  
PPP form field descriptions ........................................................................................ 83  
Configuring a modem ........................................................................................... 93  
Configuring users............................................................................................................. 94  
About user accounts and RADIUS........................................................................ 96  
Overview ..................................................................................................................... 96  
Example RADIUS user file: telnet service .................................................................. 98  
Adding a user account .......................................................................................... 99  
Configuring a user account .................................................................................. 100  
Configuration procedure............................................................................................. 100  
User form field descriptions........................................................................................ 101  
About user levels ......................................................................................................... 108  
CLI prompts................................................................................................................. 108  
Changing a user’s password................................................................................. 109  
Deleting a user account........................................................................................ 109  
Configuring Break Pass Through................................................................................. 110  
Resetting the line to default............................................................................................. 111  
Saving your settings.......................................................................................................... 112  
Saving settings to non-volatile memory................................................................ 112  
Saving settings to a file......................................................................................... 112  
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CHAPTER 4 USING YOUR CONSOLE SERVER ............................................................. 115  
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 116  
Accessing devices via Telnet from the LAN.................................................................. 117  
Information required............................................................................................. 117  
Access procedure .................................................................................................. 117  
Accessing devices via SSH............................................................................................... 118  
SSH Setup Procedure............................................................................................ 118  
Required Information............................................................................................ 120  
Access procedure .................................................................................................. 121  
Accessing devices via modems using PPP.................................................................... 122  
Accessing devices via modems using a dumb device................................................... 123  
APPENDIX A CABLING INFORMATION ....................................................................... 125  
RJ45 RS232 serial ports................................................................................................... 126  
Pin locations RJ45 connectors ............................................................................. 126  
AUI port................................................................................................................ 128  
RJ45 10/100BaseT port ................................................................................................... 129  
Admin Port......................................................................................................................... 130  
Direct (1:1) Connections.................................................................................................. 131  
Example direct connections.................................................................................. 131  
Sun Microsystem servers............................................................................................. 132  
CISCO RJ45 console ports with software flow control............................................... 134  
Black Box 833AS......................................................................................................... 134  
Black Box Series router console port.......................................................................... 134  
IBM RS6000 ................................................................................................................ 135  
PC serial port..................................................................................................................... 136  
PC, example connections,..................................................................................... 136  
Connection from the 25-pin Admin Port to a PC ................................................. 136  
Terminals............................................................................................................................ 138  
Terminals (slow speed or using software flow control) ........................................ 138  
Connection from the 25-pin Admin Port to a Terminal........................................ 139  
Modems.............................................................................................................................. 140  
Direct connections................................................................................................ 140  
APPENDIX B THE CLI COMMANDS ............................................................................ 141  
CLI commands.................................................................................................................. 142  
add community...................................................................................................... 142  
add DNS................................................................................................................ 142  
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add gateway.......................................................................................................... 144  
add host................................................................................................................. 144  
add modem............................................................................................................ 146  
add radius............................................................................................................. 146  
add trap................................................................................................................. 147  
add user ................................................................................................................ 147  
add WINS.............................................................................................................. 147  
admin .................................................................................................................... 148  
debug .................................................................................................................... 148  
delete ARP ............................................................................................................ 148  
delete community .................................................................................................. 148  
delete DNS ............................................................................................................ 149  
delete gateway ...................................................................................................... 149  
delete host............................................................................................................. 149  
delete modem ........................................................................................................ 150  
delete radius ......................................................................................................... 150  
delete trap............................................................................................................. 151  
delete user............................................................................................................. 151  
delete WINS .......................................................................................................... 151  
heap ...................................................................................................................... 152  
help ....................................................................................................................... 153  
kill line .................................................................................................................. 153  
logout.................................................................................................................... 153  
netload ................................................................................................................. 154  
netsave .................................................................................................................. 156  
ping ....................................................................................................................... 158  
reboot.................................................................................................................... 160  
reset factory .......................................................................................................... 160  
reset line................................................................................................................ 160  
reset user............................................................................................................... 161  
restart.................................................................................................................... 161  
resume................................................................................................................... 161  
rlogin .................................................................................................................... 163  
save ....................................................................................................................... 163  
screen.................................................................................................................... 164  
set contact............................................................................................................. 164  
set date.................................................................................................................. 164  
set ethernet interface RJ45 ................................................................................... 165  
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Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 165  
See also........................................................................................................................ 165  
set ethernet interface AUI..................................................................................... 165  
Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 165  
See also........................................................................................................................ 165  
set gateway ........................................................................................................... 165  
set host .................................................................................................................. 166  
set line................................................................................................................... 166  
set location............................................................................................................ 169  
set ppp line............................................................................................................ 170  
set radius............................................................................................................... 172  
set server............................................................................................................... 173  
set slip line............................................................................................................ 180  
set telnet................................................................................................................ 181  
set time.................................................................................................................. 182  
set user.................................................................................................................. 182  
show ARP.............................................................................................................. 185  
show date .............................................................................................................. 185  
show gateways ...................................................................................................... 186  
show hardware...................................................................................................... 186  
show hosts............................................................................................................. 187  
show interfaces ..................................................................................................... 187  
show line............................................................................................................... 188  
show modems........................................................................................................ 191  
show ppp line........................................................................................................ 192  
show radius........................................................................................................... 194  
show routes ........................................................................................................... 194  
show server........................................................................................................... 196  
show slip line ........................................................................................................ 197  
show snmp............................................................................................................. 198  
show telnet ............................................................................................................ 199  
show time .............................................................................................................. 199  
show user .............................................................................................................. 200  
start....................................................................................................................... 200  
telnet ..................................................................................................................... 201  
version .................................................................................................................. 202  
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APPENDIX C SNMP ................................................................................................... 203  
Overview............................................................................................................................. 204  
Configuring SNMP support............................................................................................ 205  
Summary of objects in the private MIB......................................................................... 207  
Private MIB definitions ................................................................................................... 209  
Network management...................................................................................................... 213  
APPENDIX D UPGRADING YOUR FIRMWARE .............................................................. 215  
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 216  
Saving your existing Configuration............................................................................... 217  
Example of saving a configuration file................................................................. 217  
Using TFTP from a host ....................................................................................... 217  
TFTP configuration .............................................................................................. 218  
Writing to FLASH memory ................................................................................... 219  
Using BOOTP from a boothost...................................................................................... 220  
Upgrade using JETset, the web browser interface....................................................... 221  
Enabling BOOTP/DHCP after upgrading software................................................... 221  
Disable BOOTP/DHCP................................................................................................... 221  
APPENDIX E SUMMARY OF LINE SERVICE TYPES ..................................................... 223  
List of line service types.................................................................................................... 224  
APPENDIX F BOOTP ................................................................................................. 227  
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 228  
How BOOTP works ......................................................................................................... 229  
How to setup BOOTP ...................................................................................................... 231  
The bootptab file entry.......................................................................................... 231  
The bootfile........................................................................................................... 234  
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BOOTP messages output to screen................................................................................ 236  
Disabling the BOOTP reply............................................................................................ 236  
Booting multiple units...................................................................................................... 238  
Multiple BOOTP servers................................................................................................. 240  
Example of BOOTP......................................................................................................... 240  
APPENDIX G JETSET ................................................................................................. 243  
Introduction to JETset...................................................................................................... 244  
Using JETset...................................................................................................................... 246  
JETset program summary............................................................................................... 249  
APPENDIX H TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................. 251  
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 252  
General communication matters.................................................................................... 252  
Host problems.................................................................................................................... 253  
JETset problems................................................................................................................ 254  
Login problems ................................................................................................................. 255  
Problems with terminals.................................................................................................. 257  
Emergency recovery......................................................................................................... 258  
Problems with framed Routing....................................................................................... 258  
INDEX.......................................................................................................................... 259  
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C h a p t e r 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n  
You need to You need to read this chapter if you want an overview of the Console Server product.  
read this  
chapter if  
you want to...  
This chapter provides introductory information about the Console Server, its  
associated components, software and configuration utilities.  
This chapter includes the following sections  
•
•
•
About the Console Server on page 18  
Typical applications summary on page 20  
Console Server front and rear views on page 21.  
For details of installation procedures, see Chapter 2 Installation.  
For information about performing system administration tasks with your Console  
Server, see Chapter 3 System administration.  
For information on using your Console Server as a console server, see Chapter 4  
Using your Console Server.  
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About the Console Server  
The Console Server is a console server which allows you to communicate directly via  
the serial port to networked devices (such as routers, servers and so on) in order to  
perform system administration tasks.  
The Console Server allows system administrators to diagnose and fix from anywhere  
on the LAN/WAN or via a modem thus saving on administrator's time and costs to  
keep system disruption to a minimum.  
Typically, you use the Console Server when a server or network device fails at a  
remote site or if you want to perform administration tasks from home. Using a  
Console Server you can access the unit over the LAN/WAN or via dial-in.  
The Console Server is available in the following variants;  
•
•
16 port  
24 port  
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See also Typical applications summary on page 20 and Console Server front and rear  
views on page 21.  
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Typical applications summary  
Managing devices over the LAN/WAN  
The Console Server allows the administrator to Telnet to the appropriate port on the  
console server. With the Console Server in band management functionality,  
administrators can gain access to attached devices from anywhere on the LAN/WAN  
provided they know the IP addresses. The Console Server also allows access to  
multiple devices simultaneously.  
Managing devices without accessing the LAN/WAN  
In the event of a network failure, the Console Server allows the administrator access  
via a modem attached to one of the serial ports on the unit to access attached devices.  
Network security  
Console Server provides a comprehensive suite of security features to allow an  
organization to implement robust security planning to prevent unauthorized access.  
These include SLIP and PPP Remote User dial-in and support for RADIUS.  
For a secure LAN connection, the Console Server supports SSH version 1 and  
version 2 protocol. Remote server connections with SSH protocol uses an encrypted  
data channel with support for password and other authentications.  
Management and diagnostics  
Independent tests have proved Console Serverextremely easy to configure and  
install. A comprehensive array of software tools allows the Console Server to be  
configured, managed and upgraded either locally or remotely over the network and  
even via the Internet.  
These tools include JETset, for complete port management from any location via a  
Web browser, and easy downloads of software upgrades to the unit's flash memory.  
Command line and menu interfaces are included, as is a separate local management  
port, plus industry standard control and management facilities - SNMP, BOOTP,  
DHCP and DNS.  
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Console Server front and rear views  
The Console Server is a network access server with front-mounted RJ45 serial ports. It  
is designed for use in a rack. The serial ports are RS232. The product has 10/100BaseT  
and AUI network connections and an Administration port for system management. The  
next picture shows the front view of a 24 port unit.  
Console  
Server front  
view  
You can mount the Console Server in a 19 inch rack, on a wall or on a desk.  
Console  
Server rear  
panel  
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C h a p t e r 2 I n s t a l l a t i o n  
You need to read You need to read this chapter if you want install the Console Server.  
this chapter if you  
want to...  
This chapter provides task oriented information about installing the Console Server, its associated  
components, software and configuration utilities.  
This chapter includes the following sections;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
General installation procedure on page 24  
Rack mounting your Console Server on page 25  
Desk mounting your Console Server on page 27  
Multiple stacking your Console Server on page 28  
LED guide on page 29  
Selecting AUI or 10/100 Base T interface on page 32  
Setting up an IP address on page 33  
Accessing the Console Server configuration software on page 45  
Setting up your network parameters on page 46  
Saving configuration changes on page 62  
Setting date and time on page 64  
Performing a soft reboot on page 65  
Restoring factory default settings on page 66.  
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General installation procedure  
The general procedure for installing and setting up your Console Server is as follows;  
1. Install your Console Server in a rack or on a desktop as required using the  
procedures described in Rack mounting your Console Server on page 25 and  
Desk mounting your Console Server on page 27.  
Note  
If you are stacking multiple units on a desktop see Multiple stacking your Console  
Server on page 28 for the maximum advisable units to stack.  
2. Connect your Console Server to the network. See Appendix A Cabling  
information.  
3. If required, select the interface type you want. See Selecting AUI or 10/100 Base  
T interface on page 32.  
4. Set up your IP address using the procedures given in Setting up an IP address on  
page 33.  
5. Access the Console Server configuration software using the procedures given in  
Accessing the Console Server configuration software on page 45  
6. Set up your network parameters using the procedure given in Setting up your  
network parameters on page 46.  
You can now use the unit. For information on using the Console Server for system  
administration purposes. See Chapter 3 System administration for further details.  
For information on using your Console Server as a console server, see Chapter 4  
Using your Console Server.  
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Rack mounting your Console Server  
To mount a single Console Server into a 19 inch rack, use the two mounting brackets  
and four screws provided with the unit.  
Caution  
Caution  
When mounting several Console Server units in a 19” rack, you must not stack more  
than 3 units without leaving an air gap between them.  
Observe maximum ambient operating temperatures within a rack; you may have to  
use forced air cooling.  
Console Server  
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Desk mounting your Console Server  
To prepare the Console Server for use on a desk use the four self-adhesive rubber feet  
provided with the unit. Stick the four feet to the underside of the unit, one in each corner,  
approximately one inch from each adjacent edge.  
1 inch  
(2.5 cm)  
1 inch  
(2.5 cm)  
rubber foot  
bottom panel  
of unit  
rubber foot  
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Multiple stacking your Console Server  
When stacking your unit on a desk we recommend that you stack no more than three  
units high in a 0 to 40 degrees centigrade environment.This precaution ensures that you  
keep within the maximum operating temperatures of the units.  
Caution  
When desk mounting multiple Console Server units, make sure you fit the rubber feet  
to all units before stacking to assist ventilation.  
Caution  
Caution  
When mounting several Console Server units in a 19” rack, you must not stack more  
than 3 units without leaving an air gap between them.  
Observe maximum ambient operating temperatures within a rack; you may have to  
use forced air cooling.  
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LED guide  
During bootup you should see power and network LEDs display the following  
colours.  
Power and  
network  
LEDs  
Console Server during bootup  
Once power is on and the network is connected, the power and network LEDs will  
display the following colours:  
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Console Server  
during normal operations  
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RJ45 LEDs There are bi-colour LEDs on the RJ45 connectors on both the front and rear panels.  
These LEDs flicker briefly during bootup and then display the following colours,  
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Selecting AUI or 10/100 Base T interface  
Before performing the initial configuration of your Console Server unit, you need to  
select the type of interface you want to use from either AUI or 10/100Base-T  
(Default setting is 10/100Base-T). To do this proceed as follows;  
Note  
To display the currently selected interface type, at the command prompt, type  
show hardware and press the Enter key. The resulting display will include the  
currently selected hardware type.  
You only need to use these commands on revision 2 Console Server boards.  
1. Login to your unit and display the command prompt.  
2. At the command prompt, type one of the commands listed in the next table to  
select the interface type you want to use.  
To set this type of interface  
Use this command  
set ethernet interface RJ45  
10/100Base-T  
AUI  
set ethernet interface AUI  
You can now perform the initial configuration of the unit.  
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Setting up an IP address  
Setting up an IP address automatically using DHCP  
This section includes the following;  
•
•
Set up procedure on page 33  
About DHCP on page 35  
Set up procedure  
To set up an IP address automatically using DHCP proceed as follows;  
Note  
For details of the BOOTP/DHCP tags (client information items) that are supported  
by both BOOTP and DHCP see Appendix F BOOTP. In addition on Microsoft  
Windows NT, DHCP allows for the configuration of WINS server names.  
If automatic configuration of Console Server clients is required, only one service  
DHCP, BOOTP or RARP should be enabled on your network server.  
We strongly recommend that you do not run both the BOOTP and DHCP services  
on the same network to configure Console Server clients unless you are very  
familiar with the potential interactions that may result.  
For information on BOOTP see Appendix F BOOTP.  
1. Set up your DHCP server as required.  
See your system documentation for details of configuring the DHCP service on  
your server's operating system.  
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2. Connect your Console Server to the network and turn on the unit.  
The IP address and any other configuration information will now be set up  
automatically.For more information see About DHCP on page 35.  
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About DHCP  
You can use DHCP to perform the following actions on a single or multiple Console  
Server (the ‘unit(s)’)s on its/their boot-up:  
auto-configure with minimal information; e.g. only an ip address  
auto-configure with basic setup information (ip address, subnet mask, broadcast  
address, etc.)  
download a new version of software  
download a full configuration profile (saved from another unit)  
DHCP is particularly useful for multiple installations: you can do all the unit’s  
configuration in one DHCP file, rather than configure each unit manually.  
Another advantage of DHCP is that you can connect a unit to the network, turn on its  
power and let auto-configuration take place. All the configuration is carried out for you  
during the DHCP process.  
The the unit’s implementation of DHCP is compatible with RFC 951.  
On bootup or power-up, the unit will send a broadcast request to the DHCP server(s) on  
the network. The request contains the ethernet address of the unit; it asks for network  
configuration details (internet address, subnet mask, etc.). This process is shown in  
DHCP request and response on page 35.  
You can stop the DHCP server from replying to the unit; see Appendix F BOOTP  
DHCP  
request and  
response  
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The DHCP server checks the ethernet address and looks for a matching address in its  
DHCP tables:  
- if a matching ethernet address is found the DHCP server will reply to the unit; the  
reply will contain network configuration information. This information is listed in  
the DHCP tables for that particular unit (identified by its hardware address). The  
unit then boots using the information sent to it.  
- if no matching ethernet address is found the DHCP server does not reply; the unit  
boots from internal memory.  
Refer to DHCP request and response on page 35 for an explanation of the following text:  
the DHCP response contains network configuration information; e.g. ip address,  
subnet mask, broadcast address. It may also contain details of a bootfile (not  
mandatory)  
a bootfile (if you specify one) contains a unit’s specific boot information; e.g.  
authentication method of users, access permission for the GUI. It may also contain  
details of other files (not mandatory); e.g. software version, language files and a  
general configuration file  
a configuration file (if you specify one) contains general configuration parameters;  
these parameters will have been created from another unit and saved to a file  
in the DHCP response the minimum parameters to specify are :ht and :ha  
there is no minimum number of parameters to specify in the bootfile or  
configuration file; unspecified parameters will remain unchanged in the unit’s  
memory  
After processing the DHCP response the unit will download additional files, as follows:  
if a bootfile is specified, the unit will then download that bootfile (using tftp).  
if the bootfile specifies other files e.g. a software file, the unit will compare that  
filename with the filename in its memory; if it has changed the unit will then  
download that other file using tftp. If the filename has not changed the unit will not  
download it.  
The DHCP protocol provides an industry standard alternative to BOOTP and provides  
a more sophisticated method of managing IP addresses and configuration parameters. It  
should be particularly useful when managing the unit from a Windows NT server  
environment and some versions of UNIX such as UnixWare 7.  
DHCP is a superset of the BOOTP configuration service which it completely replaces.  
DHCP is backward compatible with BOOTP in that the entire suite of BOOTP tags is  
supported within DHCP. DHCP is now often used in favour of BOOTP as it is supported  
on a wide range of network operating systems, however to ensure compatibility with  
existing installations, the Console Server will continue to fully support BOOTP.  
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The major differences between BOOTP and DHCP are:  
•
BOOTP is largely reliant on a network client's low level Ethernet address (MAC  
address) for client information look-up, DHCP has no such limitation, although it  
is still possible to associate a specific IP address to a specific MAC address.  
•
Client information supplied by DHCP is supplied on a lease basis, that is to say  
that the client negotiates with the server for the lease of an IP address for a specific  
period of time. This allows for the allocation of a fixed pool of client addresses  
that are allocated by the DHCP server on a “first come first served” basis.  
No additional configuration is required in the unit to enable DHCP, however your  
network server will need to have it's DHCP service configured for Console Server  
clients and if boot file download is required, then the TFTP service should be configured  
and running. DHCP/BOOTP can also be disabled completely by setting the configurable  
server DHCP parameter to off.  
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Manually setting up an IP address  
This section includes the following;  
•
•
Set up procedure on page 39  
Server form field descriptions on page 42.  
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Set up procedure  
To manually set up an IP address proceed as follows;  
1. Set up a terminal or PC running terminal emulation. For examples of connection  
pinouts see Appendix A Cabling information.  
If you connect via the Admin Port you will see a display of diagnostic and bootup  
messages.  
Note that if you cannot emulate VT100, you will have to use the Command Line  
Interface (cli); (the cli commands are described in full in Appendix B The CLI  
commands).  
2. At the console, with the login prompt displayed, type admin and press <return>.  
3. At the password prompt, now displayed type superuser and press <return>. This  
is the default admin user password.  
The command line prompt will now be displayed:  
4. At the command prompt type screen and press <return> to enter Full Screen  
mode.  
The main menu is now displayed:  
5. At the main menu, select ‘server configuration’. (alternatively, use the cli  
command set server)  
The server form will be displayed as shown in the next picture:  
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6. Within the server form, complete the fields by moving between the fields using  
the arrow keys. Use the <del> key to backspace if necessary.  
For a description of the fields in this form see Server form field descriptions on  
page 42.  
Example settings for all the Console Server configuration fields are shown in the  
next picture:  
7. When you have completed the form, press <return>.  
You will be presented with the following display:  
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8. Accept the form; you will be returned to the Main Menu.  
You may want to save your configuration changes permanently; see Saving  
configuration changes on page 62  
9. Reboot the unit. Rebooting will ensure that other network devices can  
communicate with it.  
Note  
If you set the port to authenticate by RADIUS only, users will not be able to dial in  
and connect if the network connection is down (no access to RADIUS server).  
Tip  
If you are not using the RADIUS service, you can leave authentication set to ‘both’.  
You will have entered users in the Console Server’s user table. The unit will  
authenticate users via its own user table and, provided user names and passwords  
are valid, should not need recourse to a RADIUS host.  
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Server form field descriptions  
The server form fields are described in the next table. You can use this information to  
assist with setting values in Set up procedure on page 39.  
Parameter  
Description  
servername  
The familiar name for your Console Server.  
(also known as hostname or alias)  
Internet Address (IP Address) The Console Server’s unique address in the network.  
Broadcast Address  
Subnet Mask  
The address used by the Console Server for sending  
information to all hosts on your network simultaneously.  
Once you have entered an IP address and subnet mask, the  
broadcast address will default to the IP address with the host  
part(s) set to 255.  
Allows interconnected local networks to coexist with the  
same network ID. This hides complicated local environment  
and routing information from external hosts and gateways. If  
you want the Console Server to belong to the same subnet as  
other hosts, give it the same subnet mask as them.We  
recommend you set a subnet mask on initial configuration  
Domain Name  
Authentication  
Unique name which describes your domain - your location in  
the global network. Like Hostname, it is a symbolic rather  
than a numerical identifier.  
You can authenticate all users connecting to the Console Server  
in one of three ways:  
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Parameter  
Description  
both - (the default) firstly with the unit’s own user table. If  
the username is found in unit but the password is incorrect,  
an authentication request is sent to the RADIUS host. If the  
username is not found in the unit, authentication is passed up  
to the RADIUS host. (The exception is the ‘admin’ user; if  
you supply an incorrect password, the unit will not go to the  
RADIUS host; it will fail the authentication).  
When the unit uses the RADIUS host, it will try firstly the  
primary RADIUS host and then - if one is specified - the  
secondary RADIUS host; (see RADIUS configuration on  
page 51).  
local - with the unit’s user table (only)  
RADIUS - with the RADIUS host’s user table (only); does  
not apply to username ‘admin’ who is always authenticated  
locally.  
DHCP  
You can use the auto configuration method for configuring  
the Console Server from a DHCP server. You must turn on  
this feature by selecting 'on' and disable this feature by  
selecting 'off'. Default is 'off' or DHCP is disabled.  
SSH protocol  
In order to provide a secure connection from the LAN to a  
device on the Console Server, you must enable the  
appropriate SSH protocol version. By default, ssh protocol is  
'disabled'. To support SSH version 1, select 'ssh-1'. To  
support SSH version 2 only, select 'ssh-2'. To enable both  
version of ssh support, select 'both (ssh-1+ssh-2)'. If you are  
configuring ssh for the first time, you will be prompted to  
generate the appropriate encryption keys used for negotiating  
a secure connection. This key generation process could take  
several minutes. Once generated, the Console Server will  
then support the ssh protocol selected.  
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Parameter  
Description  
gui access  
this parameter controls access to the Console Server’s  
graphical configuration programme JETset.  
The default is ‘off’. When set to ‘on’ the admin user can  
access the JETset from a Web browser, using the unit’s  
internet address. Entry to the programme is then controlled  
by password.  
If you are not using the JETset to configure the unit, we  
suggest you set this parameter to ‘off’; access will be denied  
to any person who tries to connect to the unit from their  
browser.  
How to access the JETset is described in Appendix G JETset.  
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Accessing the Console Server configuration  
software  
Logging onto your Console Server  
1. From your host, telnet to Console Server. For example, telnet 192.65.1434.15  
2. A login prompt is now displayed.  
3. At the console, with the login prompt displayed, type admin and press <return>.  
At the password prompt, type superuser and press <return>. This is the default  
admin user password. The command line prompt will be displayed: <product  
name (abbreviated)> e.g. xxxxxx, followed by the hash # sign, indicating that you  
are now logged in as the system administrator.  
4. To enter Full Screen mode (the text-based menus), type screen and press  
<return>. The main menu will be displayed:  
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Setting up your network parameters  
Setting up the host table  
The Console Server needs to know the hostnames and internet addresses of the other  
hosts in the network (or any hosts anywhere on the Internet) which you want to  
communicate with on a regular basis. For example, gateways, RADIUS, servers and  
so on. These hostnames are added to the unit’s Host Table. You can add up to twenty  
hosts. To do this;  
1. From the Main menu, select ‘Network Configuration’.  
The Network Configuration menu is now displayed.  
2. Within the Network Configuration menu, select ‘Host Table’;  
The Host Table menu will be displayed:  
You can now add (Adding a Host on page 46), change (Changing a Host on page  
48)or delete (Deleting a host on page 49) a host as required.  
Adding a Host  
To add a host (cli syntax add host):  
1. Within the Host Table menu, select ‘Add Host’ from the Host Table menu; this  
option enables you to add the hostname of a host to the host table.  
You will be asked to enter the hostname:  
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2. Type in the name of the host (14 characters maximum) and press <return>.  
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Changing a Host  
This option enables you to add or change a host’s internet address:  
To change a host (set host, show host):  
1. Within the Host Table menu, Select ‘Change Host’ from the Host Table menu;  
This form will list all hosts added to the host table. The default internet address is  
0.0.0.1.  
2. Enter the correct internet address of each host. Use the <del> key to backspace if  
necessary.  
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Deleting a host  
This option enables you to delete an entry from the host table. If a host is referenced  
by a pre-defined session, or is defined as a gateway or name server, you won’t be  
allowed to delete it.  
To delete a host (cli command delete host)  
1. Within the Host Table menu, When you select ‘Delete Host’, the host table will be  
displayed:  
2. Select the host that you want to delete and press <return>.  
You will be asked to confirm the deletion:  
3. Type ‘y’ to delete the host, ‘n’ to cancel the command.  
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Changing the Admin Password  
cli syntax: To change the Admin password proceed as follows;  
set user  
password  
1. Within the Users menu, select ‘Set Password’.  
2. From the list now displayed, select ‘admin’ user.  
You will be prompted to enter a password. This can be up to sixteen characters.  
Use the <del> key to backspace if necessary.  
3. At the prompt, enter the password and press <return>.  
You are now prompted to enter the password a second time to confirm your  
choice.  
4. At the prompt, re-enter the password and press <return>.  
The password change will take effect next time you log in.  
The factory default password is superuser.  
Note  
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RADIUS configuration  
This section includes the following:  
•
•
Set up procedure on page 51  
RADIUS parameters description on page 54.  
Set up procedure  
To configure how the Console Server interacts with the RADIUS host or hosts:  
1. From the Main menu, select ‘radius configuration’:  
2. Within the radius configuration menu, select from one of add/delete  
authentication/accounting host.  
A list of hosts from the unit’s host table is now displayed (see Setting up the host  
table on page 46):  
:
3. Highlight your selection and press <return>.  
You will be asked to enter a ‘secret’ (a password):  
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4. Key a maximum of sixteen alphanumeric characters.  
To change the secret you must delete the host and then add it again; when you add  
a host you are prompted for a secret.The first host entered becomes the primary  
authentication/accounting host, the next host entered becomes the secondary host.  
You can enter a maximum of two hosts in each of the fields.  
You must enter the same secret in the RADIUS host (see your RADIUS  
documentation); the secret is not transmitted over the network. Note that to set  
RADIUS authentication on/off, go to back to the Main Menu and select ‘server  
configuration’. See Setting up an IP address on page 33.  
5. Select ‘change radius settings’, you are presented with the following (shown in  
the next picture):  
The RADIUS parameters are described in RADIUS parameters description on  
page 54.  
6. When you have completed the form, press <return>. You will be presented  
with the following display:  
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7. Accept the form; you will be returned to the menu.  
Tip  
You may want to save your configuration changes permanently; see Saving  
configuration changes on page 62  
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RADIUS parameters description  
The RADIUS parameters are as follows:  
retry  
(for authentication) the number of times the unit will re-send a request to a  
RADIUS authentication host, before re-presenting another login to the user.  
(for accounting) the number of times the unit will re-send a request to a RADIUS  
accounting host, before understanding that the accounting request has failed.  
The default retry value is 5; the unit will try the primary host up to 5. You can  
enter values between 0 (don’t retry) and 255. If you have different authentication  
and accounting hosts unit will retry first the authentication host(s) and then the  
accounting host(s).  
timeout - the time in seconds between unit sending a request to a RADIUS  
accounting or authentication host and receiving a reply. If no reply is received  
before the expiry of the timeout period, the unit will retry the same host up to and  
including the number of retry attempts specified under ‘retry’.  
The default timeout period is 3 seconds (you can enter values between 1 and 255).  
accounting - turns accounting on or off within the unit; the default is off.  
RADIUS  
accounting  
RADIUS host  
specified  
state of RADIUS  
accounting flag  
result  
host  
no  
off  
on  
-
no accounting  
yes  
up  
accounting in both Console Server and  
RADIUS host  
yes  
on  
down  
accounting in Console Server only  
Notes on Table above:  
‘accounting’ within the Console Server is an increment of the session id (see  
below).  
‘accounting’ in the RADIUS accounting host means that you should be able to  
see accounting information by interrogating the host (see your RADIUS  
documentation).  
acct_port - the UDP port number for RADIUS accounting. The default value is  
1646 which should match most RADIUS implementations. Change this value if  
your RADIUS host is using a different UDP port number.  
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auth_port - the UDP port number for RADIUS authentication. The default value  
is 1645 which should match most RADIUS implementations. Change this value if  
your RADIUS host is using a different UDP port number.  
acct_authenticator - a flag to instruct the unit to check the authenticator field in  
the accounting reply transmission from a RADIUS host to the unit. The  
authenticator field contains the secret, encrypted. The options are ‘on’ (the unit will  
check this field) or ‘off’ (the unit will not check this field); the default is ‘on’. Make  
sure the setting in your RADIUS host is the same as the unit.  
session id - displays in real-time the hexadecimal value of the current session  
(incrementing with each session). The current session is the most recent connection  
into the unit when the line service is set to ‘cslogin’ (the default line service).  
You can reset the session id to zero; enter 0s from your keyboard.  
An explanation of the eight digit value displayed in the session id field is as follows:  
the first two digits show the number of reboots which have taken place. The  
maximum number which will be shown is ff (255); on the next reboot, this  
value will reset itself to 01 (1).  
the last six digits show the number of user sessions which have started since  
the last reboot (on reboot these six digits are reset to zero). The first session  
will be 000001, the second session will be 000002, etc. The maximum  
number of sessions is approximately 16 million, i.e. ffffff, at which point  
the counter would reset itself to all zeros, i.e. 000000.  
An example of all eight digits in a session id is:  
0a000006  
which means there have been 10 reboots (0a) of this unit (since the counter  
was reset or wrapped around) and 6 (000006) sessions started since that  
reboot.  
Sessions are measured through the RJ45 ports on the front panel; connections  
through any of the ports on the rear panel are not shown.  
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DNS configuration  
You can enter the addresses of two DNS hosts in the Console Server (the ‘unit’); one  
will be the primary host, the other a secondary host. The DNS hosts do not have to be  
the same hosts as entered in your unit’s host table. On a remote access connection the  
unit will transmit these addresses to a dial-up Windows NT/95 client. Therefore, your  
remote user does not have to configure DNS parameters in his/her computer. For  
more information on DNS see Appendix D RADIUS & Networking.  
To configure DNS host proceed as follows;  
1. From the Main menu select ‘network configuration’:  
Cli syntax: 2. From the network configuration menu, select DNS.  
add DNS  
The Add/Delete DNS menu is now displayed.  
3. Within the Add/Delete DNS menu select the Add DNS option.  
You are now prompted to enter an internet address;  
4. Enter this address in dot decimal notation. If you wish, it can be the same address  
as a machine already entered in the unit’s host table.  
The first host entered becomes the primary DNS host, the next host entered  
becomes the secondary host. You can enter a maximum of two DNS hosts.  
delete DNS 5. If required, change the DNS entry by deleting it, then entering the replacement  
value.  
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WINS configuration  
WINS (Windows Internet Name Service) is a database of hostnames and  
corresponding internet addresses. It is a Microsoft specific name resolution service.  
The basic function of WINS is the similar to DNS, i.e. it maps computer names to  
TCP/IP addresses for client computers on a network. For more information on WINS  
see Appendix D RADIUS & Networking.  
You can enter the addresses two WINS hosts in the unit; one will be the primary host,  
the other a secondary host. On a remote access connection the unit will transmit these  
addresses to a dial-up Windows NT/95 client. Therefore, your remote user does not  
have to configure WINS parameters in his/her computer.  
1. From the Main menu select ‘network configuration’:  
Cli syntax: 2. From the network configuration menu, select WINS.  
add WINS  
You are now prompted to enter an internet address;  
3. Enter this address in dot decimal notation. If you wish, it can be the same address  
as a machine already entered in the unit’s host table.  
The first host entered becomes the primary WINS host, the next host entered  
becomes the secondary host. You can enter a maximum of two WINS hosts.  
delete WINS 4. If required, change the WINS entry by deleting it, then entering the replacement  
value.  
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Configuring network gateways  
Gateways are hosts that connect Local Area Networks (LANs) together. If you want  
to access a host which isn’t on your local network you will be connected via a  
gateway. Gateways route data via other gateways until the destination local network  
is reached. There are three types:  
•
•
•
Default - this is a gateway which provides general access beyond your local  
network.  
Host - this a gateway reserved for accessing a specific host external to your local  
network.  
Network - this is a gateway reserved for accessing a specific network external to  
your local network.  
The unit allows you enter a maximum of twenty gateways.  
Particularly useful when checking routes to/from gateways is the show routes  
command;.  
Active and The unit supports both active and passive gateways. The default is active. Definitions  
passive  
of these types are as follows:  
gateways  
Active gateway: a gateway which is temporarily listed in the unit’s routing table  
(while RIP packets are received). If the unit detects that the gateway  
is no longer operating (no RIP packets received) it will be deleted  
from the routing table.  
Passive gateway: a gateway which is permanently listed in the unit’s routing table. It  
is thus always available.  
See the following for how to configure gateways:  
•
•
Adding a gateway on page 59  
Deleting a Gateway on page 60.  
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Adding a gateway  
To add a gateway proceed as follows:  
1. From the Network Configuration menu, select ‘Gateway’.  
2. From the Gateway menu, select ‘Add Gateway’.  
3. From the host table now displayed, select a host.  
Note that you can define a host only once as a gateway.  
When you have added a gateway, you must define its type.  
4. From the Gateway menu, select ‘Change Gateway’.  
The Gateways form is now displayed (for example):  
This form lists all gateways defined for your network. In this example, only one  
has been defined.  
5. Complete the Type field; the values are ‘host’, ‘network’ or ‘default’.  
If you set the field to ‘host’ or ‘network’, you must include the internet address of  
the target host or network. If you change a gateway from ‘host’ or ‘network’ to  
‘default’, the internet address will be ignored.  
6. Complete the ‘Status’ field; the values are ‘active’ or ‘passive’.  
Note  
the gateways configured in this table will be ignored if you have used DHCP or  
BOOTP to download a single passive gateway into the unit; see Appendix F  
BOOTP.  
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Deleting a Gateway  
If a host on your network is retired from gateway duty, you can use this option to delete  
it from the list of gateways. Note that the host will NOT be deleted from the host table.  
delete  
gateway  
To delete a gateway proceed as follows:  
1. From the Network Configuration menu, select ‘Gateway’.  
2. From the Gateway menu, select ‘Delete Gateway’ to list your gateways:  
3. Delete the gateway you require from the list.  
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Verifying your network installation  
To check that you have installed the Console Server (the ‘unit’) successfully proceed  
as follows;  
1. At the command prompt, try to ping a remote host by typing the following  
command:  
ping hostname  
Choose a host that you have defined in the host table. If no packet loss is reported,  
your unit is ready to use.If the command returns an error, refer to the ping cli  
command. See Appendix B The CLI commands;  
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Saving configuration changes  
Saving to non-volatile memory  
To save your configuration settings to non volatile memory proceed as follows;  
1. After making changes to the configuration exit the text menu screen (form) you  
are using.  
The ‘options’ form now appears:  
2. Within the options form select ‘accept and exit form’ to retain your changes in  
RAM (volatile memory).  
3. To save your changes permanently exit the text menu system completely then  
return to the Main Menu and select ‘command line mode’;  
The exit full screen mode form is now displayed:  
4. Within the ‘exit full screen mode’ form select ‘exit and save changes’.  
All the changes made since last entering the menus will be saved to FLASH  
(permanent, non-volatile) memory.  
You will now be at the command line prompt.  
5. To return the menus, at the command prompt, type: screen  
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Saving to a file  
cli syntax: You can also save your configuration information to a file on a host. This can only be  
netsave done in the cli; See Appendix B The CLI commands.  
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Setting date and time  
The Console Server (the ‘unit’) has a real-time clock which you can set and view. It is  
battery-backed and therefore will operate when power is off and over reboots. The clock  
is year 2000 compliant.  
To set the date and time on your unit proceed as follows;  
1. From the Main Menu select Hardware.  
The hardware form is now displayed. Only the date and time fields are  
user editable.  
:
2. Identify your unit using the hardware information displayed.  
(To view hardware details in command line mode (cli) use the command show  
hardware).  
3. Within the ‘hardware’ form. move the cursor to the start of the field using the  
‘delete’ key; then enter information in the format (for the date):  
DD/MM/YYYY e.g. 30/03/2001  
and in the format (for the time):  
HH:MM:SS e.g. 20:32:00  
Note that you do not have to enter the number of seconds.  
4. Alternatively, in command line mode (cli) enter the commands ‘set date’ and ‘set  
time’;  
To view the date and time select ‘hardware’ from the Main Menu and check the  
‘hardware’ form; In command line mode, enter the commands Show date, Show time,  
or Show hardware.  
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Performing a soft reboot  
To perform a soft re-boot (cli syntax: reboot);  
1. From the Network Configuration menu, select ‘Reboot’.  
You will be asked whether you wish to save your configuration changes to non-  
volatile memory:  
2. At the prompt, type y and press the Enter key.  
The unit will close all connections and then reboot.  
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Restoring factory default settings  
Resetting to factory defaults using software  
This feature enables you to reset the unit to its default settings. This will clear all  
configuration data entered by the admin user, and all user accounts, except the  
default admin user, will be deleted.  
To reset to factory default settings from within the software (cli syntax: reset  
factory):  
1. From the Network Configuration menu, select ‘Reset’.  
You will be asked to confirm the reset:  
2. At the prompt, type ‘y’ to reset the unit, or ‘n’ to cancel the command.  
Resetting to factory defaults using reset switch  
To reset to factory defaults using the reset switch, proceed as follows;  
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1. Use the tip of a pen or pencil to press the reset switch located on the rear of the  
unit.  
The Console Server will then reboot and reset itself to factory default settings.  
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C h a p t e r 3 S y s t e m a d m i n i s t r a t i o n  
You need to read You need to read this chapter if you want to do system administration with the Console Server.  
this chapter if you  
want to...  
This chapter provides task oriented information on system administration with the Console Server.  
This chapter includes the following sections;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Security on page 70  
Setting up the line on your Console Server on page 70  
Viewing and editing your line settings on page 71  
Lost password on page 73  
Configuring a dial in line on page 74  
Configuring users on page 94  
Configuring Break Pass Through on page 110  
Resetting the line to default on page 111  
Saving your settings on page 112  
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Security  
The Console Server has a number of security features built in that can be enabled or  
disabled depending on the security level required.  
These features include:  
•
Telnet access - Login and password required.  
See set line on page 166 in Appendix B The CLI commands.  
•
SSH access - Makes ports only accesible via SSH connections.  
See Accessing devices via SSH on page 118 in Chapter 4 Using your Console  
Server.  
•
Radius authentication - Allows user names and passwords to be authenticated by  
an external Radius server.  
See About user accounts and RADIUS on page 96 in Chapter 3 System  
administration.  
•
•
Disable Daemons - Allows unused Daemons to be disabled to prevent  
unauthorised access by hackers.  
See set server on page 173 in Appendix B The CLI commands.  
Trusted host filtering - Prevents the unit from being seen on the network by non-  
authorised systems  
See set server on page 173 in Appendix B The CLI commands.  
Setting up the line on your Console Server  
The default use of the Console Server is as a Console server. Therefore all lines are  
set with a service of “Reverse Telnet”. This allows a user on the LAN to be able to  
telnet into the ports and access the attached devices.  
Each port also requires a TCP socket number in order to work. By default, the unit is  
set to use numbers 10001 to 10024. You can change these to any other socket number  
as long as there is no conflict on the network.  
For an explanation of other line services see Appendix E Summary of Line Service  
Types.  
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Viewing and editing your line settings  
Lines set to reverse Telnet by default  
cli syntax: A reverse telnet connection enables a TCP/IP host on the local network to establish a  
set line  
login connection via a Console Server (the ‘unit’) port on a non-TCP/IP machine  
external to the network, such as routers, servers and so on.  
A Typical  
Reverse  
Telnet  
Configuratio  
n
To set up a reverse telnet connection, follow these steps:  
1. Select Line Settings from the Line Configuration menu then select the line that  
you want to configure.  
2. Set ‘service’ to rev tel (default setting).  
Note when field is highlighted, pressing L will list all available options.  
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3. Assign a TCP port number to the unit port using the ‘CS Port’ field. This TCP  
port number will be used by any host wanting to access the unit port. If you select  
a TCP port being used by another process, a connection will not be established  
(By default, lines are set to TCP port 10001 to 10024 for each port. For example,  
Line 1 10001, Line 16 10016).  
4. Do not configure the idle and session timers; these timers have no effect on  
reverse telnet connections.  
5. The ‘Hostname’ and ‘Host Port’ fields may contain default or last-used values,  
but these will be ignored.  
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6. The line should now be configured similar to that shown in the next picture:  
7. Press <return> to exit; if you do not wish to save your changes press the <escape>  
key.  
8. If you want to configure all lines with the same parameters, refer to Resetting the  
line to default on page 111.  
Lost password  
If you are an admin user, and you lose your password, there is no way of logging in  
without it. This restriction is for security reasons. Unless there is another user with  
admin level privileges (who will have the ability to change your password) you will have  
to reset the Console Server (the ‘unit’) to its factory default settings.  
cli syntax: If a user forgets his/her password, you can assign a new password; go to the Users Menu  
set user  
and select ‘set password’.  
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Configuring a dial in line  
Introduction to SLIP and PPP connections  
This section deals with setting up SLIP and PPP connections on a line. There is also  
a summary of the configurable features of modems.  
Deciding whether to use SLIP or PPP  
If you require any of the features listed below, use PPP, otherwise SLIP should be  
sufficient.  
IP Address Negotiation. SLIP provides no mechanism for informing the other end of a  
link of its IP address, whereas PPP will do so.  
Error Checking. SLIP does not error check whereas PPP does. This is not necessarily a  
problem in SLIP since most upper layer protocols have their own error checking.  
Some systems exchange UDP packets with checksum disabled, which would cause  
problems should that part of an IP packet get corrupted.  
Authentication. Once SLIP has started you cannot authenticate the remote device,  
whereas as PPP provides the option of using security protocols PAP or CHAP. See  
Configuring PPP on page 82, then sub-section ‘Security’ for further details.  
Software Flow Control. You cannot use software flow control on SLIP links since there  
is no way of escaping control characters from the data stream. PPP has a facility (called  
ACCM) which allows specific control characters to be escaped from the data stream.  
See Configuring PPP on page 82 for more details.  
For more information on the SLIP and PPP protocols see Configuring a dial in line on  
page 74.  
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Setting up the line  
cli syntax: 1. From the Line Configuration menu, select ‘Line Settings’.  
set line,  
show line  
2. Within the Line settings menu, select a particular line; e.g. line 3.  
The line form will be displayed (default values shown in the next example):  
3. Within the line form, set the Service field using one of the options given in the  
next table;  
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Service option Description  
PPP  
When you want a remote access service connection using PPP, or when you  
want to use the unit as a router with PPP. In both cases the user (whether real or  
dummy) will be authenticated within PPP (provided you use Security - PAP or  
CHAP).  
cslogin  
When you want a remote access service connection using SLIP. Do not use the  
option ‘SLIP’ because there would be no authentication of the user; (instead,  
you will set SLIP for a particular user - see Configuring a user account on page  
100).  
Choosing the ‘cslogin’ option, the unit will present the login prompt: the user  
will be required to enter a name and password and hence will be authenticated.  
SLIP  
When you want to use the unit as a router with SLIP. There will be no  
authentication of each unit by the other unit.  
Option  
Description  
Line name can be configured to uniquely identify the line.  
Line name  
Speed, Bits,  
Parity and  
Stop  
Change as necessary from the default line configuration of 9600 baud, 8 data  
bits, no parity, 1 stop bit.  
Flow  
Flow Control field to either ‘soft’ (software) or ‘hard’ (hardware). For SLIP set to  
‘hard’ only. For PPP set to either ‘soft’ or ‘hard’ (‘hard’ recommended). If you  
select ‘soft’ you must set the parameter ACCM when you configure PPP for the  
line (in Configuring PPP on page 82)  
Host port field. This is the host TCP port number and is set by default to 23. In most cases you  
can use the default value.  
Dial  
Set to ‘in’ if your user is remote and will be dialling in via modem or ISDN TA;  
set to ‘in’ or ‘out’ if using the unit as a router, depending on which end of the  
link your unit is situated.  
Phone Number When dial is set to ‘out’ and the line ‘service’ is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’ enter a  
phone number for the unit to dial (you should only have this combination of  
settings when you are using two units back-to-back, i.e. as routers.  
Idle Timer  
Enter a period in seconds for which the idle timer will run. Use this timer to  
router use only close a connection because of inactivity. When the idle timer expires the unit  
will end the connection. The default value is 300 seconds, meaning the idle  
timer will expire 300 seconds after the last activity. The maximum value is  
4294967 seconds (equal to 49 days, approximately). A value of 0 (zero) means  
the idle timer will not expire, so the connection is open permanently.  
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Service option Description  
Session Timer Enter a period in seconds for which the session timer will run. Use this timer to  
router use only forcibly close the session (connection). When the session timer expires the unit  
will end the connection. The default value is 0 (zero), meaning that the session  
timer will not expire (the session is open permanently, or until you kill the line.  
The maximum value is 4294967 seconds (equal to 49 days, approximately).  
4. Ignore the other fields in this form. Press <return> to exit; if you do not wish to  
save your changes press the <escape> key.  
cli syntax: 5. Now go to the Line Configuration Menu:  
add modem  
6. Within the Line Configuration Menu, select ‘Add Modem’.  
7. Enter the name of the modem/ISDN TA attached to the unit. You can enter a  
maximum of twenty names, each with nineteen alphanumeric characters.  
8. Within the Line Configuration Menu, select ‘Change Modem’. Select your  
modem/ISDN TA name. Enter the initialisation string; see your modem/ISDN TA  
documentation.  
9. Press <return> to exit; if you do not wish to save your changes press the <escape>  
key.  
set line  
10. Go back to the ‘Line Settings’ menu. Select your line. When the line parameters  
form appears go the field ‘modem name’. Press ‘L’ (upper or lower case) or the  
spacebar. Choose the modem name which you entered at Step 5.  
11. Press <return> to exit; if you do not wish to save your changes press the <escape>  
key.  
You can copy the settings for this line to other lines (an option as you exit this  
line);  
You can reset this line to default (an option as you exit this form); refer to  
Resetting the line to default on page 111  
12. You may want to save your configuration permanently; if so, refer to Saving  
settings to non-volatile memory on page 112.  
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Configuring SLIP  
cli syntax: To configure the SLIP parameters proceed as follows;  
set slip line,  
show slip  
1. From the Line Configuration menu, select ‘SLIP’ and then select a line.  
line  
The SLIP form is now displayed (default values shown):  
2. Within the SLIP form, set the parameters listed in the next table:  
Option  
Description  
Local ip address  
This is the IP address of the unit end of the SLIP link. For routing to work you  
must enter an IP address in this field. Choose an address which is part of the  
same network or subnetwork as the remote end; e.g. if the remote end is address  
192.101.34.146, your local ip address may be 192.101.34.145; (in the cli,  
example syntax would be:  
set slip li 1 lipaddr 192.101.34.145)  
Do not use the unit’s (main) ip address in this field; if you do so, routing will not  
take place correctly.  
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Option  
Description  
Remote ip address This is the IP address of the remote end of the SLIP link. This must be specified.  
Choose an address which is part of the same network or subnetwork as the unit  
(see comment in ‘Local ip address’ above). Enter the remote ip address in dot  
notation, e.g.192.101.34.146  
(or in the cli, example syntax would be: set slip li 5 ripaddr 192.101.34.146)  
If your user is authenticated by the unit this remote ip address will be overridden  
if you have set a ‘framed ip’ address for the user with values other than  
255.255.255.254 or 255.255.255.255; see Configuring a user account on page  
100, sub-section ‘framed ip’.  
If your user is authenticated by RADIUS and the RADIUS parameter ‘Framed-  
Address’ is set in the RADIUS file the unit will use the value in the RADIUS  
file in preference to the ‘Remote ip address’ value configured here.  
Subnet Mask  
this is the subnet mask of the node on the remote end of the SLIP link. This field  
is optional. This parameter should be entered in dot notation e.g.  
255.255.255.224  
If your user is authenticated by RADIUS and the RADIUS parameter ‘Framed-  
Netmask’ is set in the RADIUS file the unit will use the value in the RADIUS  
file in preference to the ‘Subnet Mask’ value configured here.  
Maximum  
The Maximum Transmission Unit (mtu) parameter restricts the size of  
transmission unit individual SLIP packets being sent by the unit. Enter a value in bytes between  
256 and 1006, e.g. 512 (in the cli, example syntax would be: set slip li 1 mtu  
512). The default value is 256. For more information on this parameter see  
Configuring a user account on page 100, sub-section ‘framed mtu’.  
If your user is authenticated by the unit this mtu value will be overridden when  
you have set a ‘framed mtu’ value for the user; see Configuring a user account on  
page 100, sub-section ‘framed mtu’.  
If your user is authenticated by RADIUS and the RADIUS parameter ‘Framed-  
MTU’ is set in the RADIUS file the unit will use the value in the RADIUS file  
in preference to the ‘mtu’ value configured here.  
Suppress icmp  
This option causes ICMP (Internet Control Management Protocol) packets  
directed to this SLIP link to be discarded. The possible values are ‘on’ and ‘off’;  
the default is off.  
Interactive  
priority  
This determines whether interactive traffic (e.g. telnet sessions) is given priority  
over batch type traffic (e.g. ftp) thus avoiding the situation where a user has to  
wait for their character to be echoed while several large ftp packets are  
transferred. The possible values are ‘on’ and ‘off’; the default is on.  
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Option  
Description  
VJ Compression  
This determines whether Van Jacobson compression is used on this link; i.e.  
whether you are using SLIP or C-SLIP (compressed SLIP). The choices are ‘on’  
(C-SLIP) or ‘off’ (SLIP); the default is ‘on’. Select ‘on’ will turn on VJ  
compression. C-SLIP greatly improves the performance of interactive traffic,  
such as Telnet or Rlogin; see Configuring a dial in line on page 74 for more  
information.  
In the cli, example syntax would be: set slip li 1 vj on.  
If your user is authenticated by the unit this VJ compression value will be  
overridden if you have set a ‘framed compression’ value for a user; see  
Configuring a user account on page 100, sub-section ‘framed compression’.  
If your user is authenticated by RADIUS and the RADIUS parameter ‘Framed-  
Compression’ is set in the RADIUS file the unit will use the value in the  
RADIUS file in preference to the ‘VJ compression’ value configured here.  
TX parameters  
Meaning Transmit parameters. This will output to the screen of the user all the  
SLIP parameters configured for that line/port. TX parameters are useful in some  
applications such as Trumpet Winsock. Options are ‘on’ or ‘off’.  
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Configuring PPP  
This section describes how to configure a dial in line using PPP and includes the  
following:  
•
•
PPP configuration procedure on page 82  
PPP form field descriptions on page 83.  
An example of a remote access connection using PPP, including the setup of a remote  
user is described in Configuring a dial in line on page 74.  
PPP configuration procedure  
cli syntax: To configure a line using PPP proceed as follows;  
set PPP line,  
show PPP  
1. Within the Line Configuration menu, select ‘PPP’.  
line  
2. Now select a line.  
The PPP form for the selected line is now displayed as shown in the next picture  
(default values shown in this example):  
3. Within the PPP form set all the fields to the values you require. See PPP form  
field descriptions on page 83 for details of how to set each field within the PPP  
form.  
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PPP form field descriptions  
This section describes the fields and settings used in the PPP form referred to in PPP  
configuration procedure on page 82. The following fields are described in this section.  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Local ip address on page 84  
Remote ip address on page 84  
Subnet Mask on page 84  
ACCM on page 85  
Max. receive unit on page 85  
Security on page 85  
User on page 87  
Password on page 87  
Remote User on page 87  
Remote Password on page 88  
Address/Control comp on page 88  
Protocol compression on page 89  
VJ Comp on page 89  
Magic No. negotiation on page 89  
IP address negotiation on page 89  
Configure req. timeout on page 90  
Terminate req. timeout on page 90  
Configure req. retries on page 90  
Terminate req. retries on page 90  
Configure NAK retries on page 90  
Authentication timeout on page 90  
Roaming callback on page 90  
Challenge_ interval on page 92  
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Local ip  
address  
This is the IP address of the unit end of the PPP link. For routing to work you must  
enter a local IP address. Choose an address which is part of the same network or  
subnetwork as the remote end; e.g. if the remote end is address 192.101.34.146, your  
local ip address may be 192.101.34.145; (in the cli, example syntax would be:  
set ppp li 6 lipaddr 192.101.34.145)  
To see an example of ip address usage, refer to ‘Setting up an IP address on page 33’.  
Do not use the unit’s (main) ip address in this field; if you do so, routing will not take  
place correctly.  
Remote ip This is the IP address of the remote end of the PPP link. This must be specified.  
address  
Choose an address which is part of the same network or subnetwork as the unit (see  
comment in ‘Local ip address’ above). Enter the remote ip address in dot notation,  
e.g.192.101.34.146; (or in the cli, example syntax would be: set ppp li 6 ripaddr  
192.101.34.146).  
If you set the PPP parameter ‘IP address negotiation’ to ‘on’ the unit will ignore the  
remote ip address value you enter here and will allow the remote end to specify its ip  
address.  
If your user is authenticated by the unit this remote ip address will be overridden if  
you have set a ‘framed ip’ address for the user other than 255.255.255.254; see  
Configuring a user account on page 100, sub-section ‘framed ip’.  
If your user is authenticated by RADIUS and the RADIUS parameter ‘Framed-  
Address’ is set in the RADIUS file the unit will use the value in the RADIUS file in  
preference to the ‘Remote ip address’ value configured here. The exception to this  
rule is a Framed-Address value in the RADIUS file of 255.255.255.254; this value  
allows the unit to use the remote ip address value configured here.  
Subnet Mask This is the subnet mask of the node on the remote end of the PPP link. This field is  
optional. This parameter should be entered in dot notation e.g. 255.255.255.224  
(or in the cli, e.g., set ppp li 9 255.255.255.224).  
If your user is authenticated by RADIUS and the RADIUS parameter ‘Framed-  
Netmask’ is set in the RADIUS file the unit will use the value in the RADIUS file in  
preference to the ‘Subnet Mask’ value configured here.  
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ACCM  
This allows the specification of an accm (asynchronous control character map) of  
characters that should be escaped from the data stream. This is entered as a 32 bit  
hexadecimal number with each bit specifying whether or not the corresponding  
character should be escaped.  
The bits are specified most significant bit first and are numbered 31-0. Thus if bit 17  
is set, the 17th character should be escaped i.e. 0x11 (XON). So entering the value  
000a0000 (in the cli, e.g.: set ppp li 1 accm 000a0000) will cause the control  
characters 0x11 (XON) and 0x13 (XOFF) to be escaped on the link, thus allowing the  
use of XON/XOFF (software) flow control.  
If you have selected software flow control on the line (see Setting up the line on page  
75) you must enter a value of 000a0000 for the ACCM.  
The default value is 00000000, which means no characters will be escaped.  
Max. receive The Maximum Receive Unit (mru) parameter specifies the maximum size of PPP  
unit  
packets that the unit’s port will accept. Enter a value in bytes between 64 and 1500;  
e.g. 512 (in the cli, example syntax would be: set ppp li 1 mru 512). The default value  
is 1500. For more information on this parameter see Configuring a user account on  
page 100, sub-section ‘framed mtu’.  
If your user is authenticated by the unit the ‘mru’ value will be overridden when you  
have set a ‘framed mtu’ value for the user; see Configuring a user account on page  
100, sub-section ‘framed mtu’.  
If your user is authenticated by RADIUS and the RADIUS parameter ‘Framed-  
MTU’ is set in the RADIUS file the unit will use the value in the RADIUS file in  
preference to the ‘mru’ value configured here.  
Security  
This specifies what type of authentication will be done on the link: none, PAP or  
CHAP. The default is CHAP.  
You can use PAP and/or CHAP to:  
•
•
authenticate a port or user on the unit, from a remote location, or  
authenticate a remote client/device, from the unit.  
PAP is a one time challenge of a client/device requiring that it respond with a valid  
username and password. A timer operates during which successful authentication  
must take place. If the timer expires before the remote end has been authenticated  
successfully the link will be terminated.  
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CHAP challenges a client/device at regular intervals to validate itself with a  
username and a response, based on a hash of the ‘secret’ (password). A timer  
operates during which successful authentication must take place. If the timer expires  
before the remote end has been authenticated successfully the link will be terminated.  
With both PAP and CHAP make sure the unit and the remote client/device have the  
same setting. e.g. if the unit is set to PAP but the remote end is set to CHAP the  
connection shall be refused.  
In the cli, to turn on PAP (for example) the syntax would be:  
set ppp li 7 security pap  
If you have selected a line service of ‘cslogin’, PAP or CHAP will not take place  
since the user will have already been authenticated. In this case setting security to  
PAP or CHAP will have no effect.  
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User  
Complete this field only if you:  
•
•
have specified PAP or CHAP (security protocols) in the ‘Security’ field, and  
you wish to dedicate this line to a single remote user, and this user will be  
authenticated by the unit, or  
•
you are using the unit as a router (back-to-back with another unit).  
‘User’ is the name the remote device will use to authenticate a port on this unit (the  
opposite of the parameter ‘Remote User’). The remote device will only authenticate  
your unit’s port when PAP or CHAP are operating. You can enter a maximum of  
sixteen alphanumeric characters, e.g. kevinc8 (or, in the cli, example syntax would  
be set ppp li 1 user kevinc8)  
When connecting together two networks, enter a dummy user name; e.g. CS_HQ.  
Note  
If you want a reasonable level of security the user name and password should not  
be similar to a user name or password used regularly to login to the unit.  
Password Complete this field only if you:  
•
•
have specified PAP or CHAP (security protocols) in the ‘Security’ field, and  
you wish to dedicate this line to a single remote user, and this user will be  
authenticated by the unit, or  
•
you are using the unit as a router (back-to-back with another unit).  
‘Password’ means the following:  
in the ‘Security’ field, when you have specified PAP ‘Password’ is the password the  
remote device will use to authenticate the port on this unit (the opposite of the  
parameter ‘Remote Password’). The remote device will only authenticate your unit’s  
port when PAP or CHAP are operating.  
in the ‘Security’ field, when you have specified CHAP ‘Password’ is the secret  
(password) known to both ends of the link upon which responses to challenges shall  
be based. The remote device will only authenticate your unit’s port when PAP or  
CHAP are operating.  
In both cases, you can enter a maximum of 16 alphanumeric characters; (in the cli,  
example syntax would be: set ppp I 7 password ******)  
Remote User Complete this field only if you:  
have specified PAP or CHAP (security protocols) in the ‘Security’ field, and  
•
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•
•
you wish to dedicate this line to a single remote user, and your user will be  
authenticated by the unit, or  
you are using the unit as a router (back-to-back with another unit).  
‘Remote User’ is the name the unit will use to authenticate the port on the remote  
device (the opposite of the parameter ‘User’). Your unit will only authenticate the  
port on the remote device when PAP or CHAP are operating. You can enter a  
maximum of sixteen alphanumeric characters;  
(in the cli, example syntax would be: set ppp I 6 ruser kevin)  
When connecting together two networks, enter a dummy user name; e.g. CS_SALES.  
Note  
If you want a reasonable level of security the user name and password should not  
be similar to a user name or password used regularly to login to the unit.  
Remote  
Complete this field only if you:  
Password  
•
•
have specified PAP or CHAP (security protocols) in the ‘Security’ field, and  
you wish to dedicate this line to a single remote user, and this user will be  
authenticated by the unit, or  
•
you are using the unit as a router (back-to-back with another unit).  
‘Remote password’ means the following:  
in the ‘Security’ field when you have specified PAP, ‘Remote Password’ is the  
password the unit will use to authenticate the remote device.  
in the ‘Security’ field when you have specified CHAP, ‘Remote Password’ is the  
secret (password) known to both ends of the link upon which responses to challenges  
shall be based.  
In summary ‘Remote Password’ is the opposite of the parameter ‘Password’. Your  
unit will only authenticate the remote device when PAP or CHAP are operating.  
In both cases, you can enter a maximum of sixteen alphanumeric characters;  
(or, in the cli, e.g., set ppp li 1 rpassword ******)  
Address/  
Control  
comp  
This determines whether compression of the PPP Address and Control fields shall  
take place on the link. The choices are ‘on’ or ‘off’; the default is ‘on’. For most  
applications this should be enabled; i.e. ‘on’. In the cli example syntax would be:  
set ppp li 1 address_comp on  
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Protocol  
This determines whether compression of the PPP Protocol field shall take place on  
compression this link. The choices are ‘on’ or ‘off’; the default is ‘on’. For most applications this  
should be enabled; i.e. ‘on’. In the cli example syntax would be:  
set ppp li 1 proto_comp on.  
VJ Comp  
This determines whether Van Jacobson Compression is used on this link. The choices  
are ‘on’ or ‘off’; the default is ‘on’. Select ‘on’ will turn on VJ compression. Select  
‘on’ will turn on VJ compression. C-SLIP greatly improves the performance of  
interactive traffic, such as Telnet or Rlogin; see Configuring a dial in line on page 74  
for more information. In the cli, example syntax would be: set ppp li 1 vj on.  
If your user is authenticated by the unit this VJ compression value will be overridden  
if you have set a ‘framed compression’ value for a user; see Configuring a user  
account on page 100, sub-section ‘framed compression’.  
If your user is authenticated by RADIUS and the RADIUS parameter ‘Framed-  
Compression’ is set in the RADIUS file the unit will use the value in the RADIUS  
file in preference to the ‘VJ compression’ value configured here.  
Magic No. This is a mechanism whereby a line can determine if it has been looped back. The  
negotiation choices are ‘on’ or ‘off’; the default is ‘off’. If enabled (on) this option allows the  
sending of random numbers on the link. The random numbers should be different,  
unless the link has been looped back. In the cli, example syntax would be: set ppp li 1  
magic_neg off.  
IP address  
negotiation  
This parameter specifies whether or not IP address negotiation shall take place. IP  
address negotiation is where the unit allows the remote end to specify its ip address.  
The values are ‘on’ or ‘off’. The default value is ‘off’.  
If set to ‘on’ the unit allows the remote end to specify its ip address; the ip address  
specified by the remote end will then be used in preference to the Remote ip address  
set for a line.  
If set to ‘off’ the unit will not allow the remote end to specify its ip address. The  
Remote ip address set for the line will be used.  
In the cli, example syntax would be: set ppp li 7 ipaddr_neg on.  
When configuring your user (Configuring a user account on page 100), if you set  
‘framed ip’ address to 255.255.255.255, the unit will override the value for IP  
address negotiation set here. The result is that the unit will allow the remote end to  
specify its ip address.  
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Configure This parameter specifies the maximum time in seconds that LCP (Link Control  
req. timeout Protocol) will wait before it considers a ‘configure request’ packet to have been lost.  
(in the cli example syntax would be: set ppp li 8 cr_tmout 3).  
Terminate This parameter specifies the maximum time in seconds that LCP (Link Control  
req. timeout Protocol) will wait before it considers a ‘terminate request’ packet to have been lost;  
(in the cli example syntax would be: set ppp li 24 tr_tmout 3).  
Configure This parameter specifies the maximum number of times a ‘configure request’ packet  
req. retries will be sent before the link is terminated;  
(in the cli example syntax would be: set ppp li 23 cr_retry 10)  
Terminate This parameter specifies the maximum number of times a ‘terminate request’ packet  
req. retries will be sent before the link is terminated;  
(in the cli example syntax would be: set ppp li 13 tr_retry 2)  
Configure This parameter specifies the maximum number of times a ‘configure nak’ packet will  
NAK retries be sent before the link is terminated;  
(in the cli example syntax would be: set ppp li 2 nak_retry 10)  
AuthenticatioThe timeout in minutes during which successful PAP or CHAP authentication must  
n timeout  
take place; (you must have PAP or CHAP turned on). If the timer expires before the  
remote end has been authenticated successfully the link will be terminated.  
(in the cli example syntax would be: set ppp li 5 auth_tmout 1)  
Roaming  
callback  
allows the user to specify a telephone number which the unit should use to callback  
him/her. This feature is particularly useful for a mobile user. The possible values are  
‘on’ and ‘off’; the default is ‘off’. The operation of roaming callback is shown  
diagrammatically in Roaming callback on page 90.  
Roaming callback can only work with a user whose (fixed) callback parameter is set  
to ‘on’. See Configuring a user account on page 100. Roaming callback therefore  
overrides (fixed) callback.To use roaming callback, the remote end must be a  
Microsoft Windows which support Microsoft’s Callback Control Protocol (CBCP)  
The user is allowed 30 seconds to input a telephone number after which the unit ends  
the call.  
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PPP line  
ROAMING  
CALLBACK  
OFF  
ON  
for the particular user you must set  
(fixed) callback to ‘on’. See Configuring  
a user account on page 100. Unless fixed  
callback is set to on for user, he/she  
cannot receive roaming callback.  
-
the user must initially dial into the unit on  
a line where roaming callback is set to  
‘on’. You must therefore provide the user  
with the telephone number for this type of  
line(s).  
the unit can still provide  
fixed callback - provided you  
have set the (fixed) callback  
parameter to ‘on’ for that  
particular user; see  
after successful authentication the unit will  
prompt the user for a telephone number to  
call him/her back. After receipt of the  
number, the unit will drop the line, call the  
user back on that telephone number. The  
user will be authenticated again (a  
precaution).  
Configuring a user account on  
page 100.  
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Challenge_ sets the interval in minutes at which the unit will issue a CHAP re-challenge to the  
interval  
remote end. The default value is 0 (zero) meaning CHAP re-challenge is disabled.  
During CHAP authentication an initial CHAP challenge takes place, and is unrelated  
to CHAP re-challenges. The initial challenge takes place even if re-challenges are  
disabled.  
Some PPP client software does not work with CHAP re-challenges so you may wish  
to leave the parameter disabled in the unit.  
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Configuring a modem  
A summary of the configurable features for modems is listed below.  
Note  
cli syntax:  
set line  
all references to modems apply equally to ISDN Terminal Adaptors  
you can set the ‘dial’ parameter to ‘in’, ‘out’ or ‘none’ (default ‘none’) in the line  
parameters sub-menu. Setting ‘in’ or ‘out’ tells the unit that there is a modem on  
that line. The unit will communicate with the modem through various RS232  
signals. The ‘dial’ parameter can be set for all line services (e.g. cslogin, silent  
raw).  
•
set line  
•
•
when dial is set to ‘out’ and the line service is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’ you can enter a  
‘phone number for the unit to dial (line parameters sub-menu). This combination  
of circumstances occurs when you have two units connected back-to-back; i.e.  
they are acting as routers.  
when the ‘dial’ parameter to ‘in’ and the line service is set to ‘cs_login’, ‘slip’ or  
‘ppp’ the unit can initialise a modem. You enter a modem name and initialisation  
string in the modems sub-menu. The unit will initialise that modem before any  
new connection is started.  
add modem  
set modem  
See add modem on page 146 in Appendix B The CLI commands.  
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Configuring users  
You need to configure user accounts on the Console Server (the ‘unit’) for those  
users who are tasked with administering the attached devices or Remote Access  
connections. If you are using a RADIUS host you may not need user accounts for  
those users who are authenticated by the RADIUS host; see Configuring a dial in line  
on page 74.  
When you set up a User account you will see, as an example, the following form in  
the text menus:  
More detail on this form is contained in Configuring a user account on page 100.  
When telneting or using SSH to connect to a port, the user will need to supply a user  
name and password.  
The remote access connections where you will need to configure user accounts  
are where users:  
•
are being provided a remote access service, i.e. a SLIP or PPP connection, and  
they are being authenticated by unit.  
As the system administrator you will have your own user account (default name  
‘admin’).  
The unit’s login accounts are password-protected and assigned a user level; this level  
restricts the user to certain commands; see About user levels on page 108. A maximum  
of 32 user accounts can be created.  
This section includes the following:  
•
•
•
About user accounts and RADIUS on page 96  
Adding a user account on page 99  
Configuring a user account on page 100  
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About user accounts and RADIUS  
Overview  
You can have a maximum of 32 user accounts on the Console Server. You will also be  
able to configure user accounts on the RADIUS host. Therefore some users can be  
authenticated by the unit, other users by RADIUS. You could have other combinations  
of maintaining user accounts; i.e. duplicated on both the unit and the RADIUS host or,  
alternatively all user accounts stored on the RADIUS host only.  
Caution  
when a user is authenticated by RADIUS the unit starts a user service - such as telnet  
or SLIP - based on instructions passed down by the RADIUS host. User parameters -  
such as ‘service’ or ‘ip_host’ are taken entirely from the RADIUS host.  
When  
RADIUS  
authenticates  
users  
Caution  
If you set the port to authenticate by RADIUS only, users will not be able to dial in and  
connect if the network connection is down (no access to RADIUS server).  
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Example RADIUS user file: telnet service  
davePassword = "garage"  
User-Service = Callback-login,  
Login-Host = 192.101.34.199,  
Login-Service = Telnet,  
Login-TCP-Port = 23,  
Class = "Indirect Sales Group",  
Session-Timeout = 1800,  
Idle-Timeout = 600,  
CallBack-Number = "3592"  
An explanation of the file shown in Example RADIUS user file: telnet service on page  
98 is as follows:  
- the file contains a mixture of user parameters (e.g. callback-number) and line  
parameters (e.g. login-host).  
- this user has been authenticated by RADIUS; therefore, all user parameters are  
passed down to the unit in this file.  
- if you also have user ‘dave’ listed in the unit’s user table (i.e. a duplicate entry -  
we do not recommend this action) all the user parameters configured in the unit for  
user ‘dave’ will be overridden by the parameters in the RADIUS file; (for the user  
to be authenticated by the RADIUS host, where you have a duplicate entry, the  
password for ‘dave’ in the unit would have to be different to that entered in the  
RADIUS user’s database or authentication in the unit would have to be set to  
RADIUS (i.e. RADIUS only)).  
- Class = "Indirect Sales Group" is a RADIUS class attribute. The unit  
can only process a string of maximum 32 characters; therefore limit your string to  
this size. In this example "Indirect Sales Group" is 20 characters (including spaces).  
- line parameters override those configured in the unit; see Configuring a dial in line  
on page 74 for a more detailed discussion on line parameters.  
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Adding a user account  
To add a user account, proceed as follows;  
1. Within the Users menu, select ‘Add User’ (cli syntax: add user).  
2. Enter a username, maximum sixteen characters (do not use spaces). If your user is  
equipment allocate an appropriate name, e.g. barcode2.  
3. Enter a password, maximum sixteen characters (do not use spaces). Re-enter the  
password.  
Admin users can change user passwords using the ‘Set Password’ feature described  
in Changing a user’s password on page 109. Normal users can change their own  
passwords; see Changing a user’s password on page 109.  
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Configuring a user account  
The section includes the following:  
•
•
•
•
Configuration procedure on page 100  
User form field descriptions on page 101.  
About user levels on page 108  
CLI prompts on page 108.  
Configuration procedure  
To configure a user account, proceed as follows;  
Tip  
Your configuration will only be used if the user is authenticated by the unit. If the  
user is authenticated by RADIUS, the unit will use configuration details for users  
sent by the RADIUS host; see Configuring a dial in line on page 74.  
1. Select ‘Change User’ from the Users menu (cli syntax: set user).  
2. Choose your user from the list of names now displayed.  
A user form will now be displayed as shown in the next example (uses default  
values):  
3. Within the user form, set the fields you require.See User form field descriptions  
on page 101 for a description of how to set each field in more detail.  
4. Press <return> to exit; accept or discard the form as you wish.  
Note  
Changes you make in this form, as the system administrator, will only take effect for  
a user when the user next logs in to the unit.  
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User form field descriptions  
This section describes the fields within the user form detailed in Configuration  
procedure on page 100.The following fields are included:  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Service on page 102  
TCP Port No on page 103  
phone number on page 103  
idle timer on page 103  
session timer on page 103  
Level on page 103  
IP Host on page 103  
callback on page 104  
Callback for a user on page 105  
framed ip on page 107  
framed netmask on page 107  
framed mtu on page 107  
framed compression on page 108.  
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Service  
Instructs the unit to start a user service by selecting one from the following list (once  
the user is authenticated successfully):  
csprompt: a login on the unit (the default setting). Use this service for you as the  
system administrator, or for users who wish to run a single or multiple sessions on  
Terminal Server connections; these sessions are configured within the unit.  
Telnet: a Telnet service provided by the unit. Use this service when you/a user is  
connected directly to a port via a serial line (i.e. not connected into one of the  
network ports). When the telnet service starts, the user will be authenticated by the  
host. Now go to the IP Host and TCP Port No fields.  
Rlogin: an Rlogin service provided by the unit. Use this service when you are is  
connected directly to a port via a serial line (i.e. not connected into one of the  
network ports). When the rlogin service starts, the user will be authenticated by the  
host. Now go to the IP Host field.  
TCP clear: use for devices which require a login, i.e. authentication. Such devices  
could be a bar code reader or smart card. ‘TCP clear’ provides a channel on which 8-  
bit data is passed, without interpretation, to a host. It has the same meaning as the  
TCP Clear login service specified in the RADIUS Authentication rfc.  
SLIP: The SLIP service will be started using the SLIP parameters set for that line;  
see Configuring SLIP on page 78. There will be no further login prompt (unless  
callback is operating). The SLIP line settings will be taken from the settings  
configured for that line.  
Tip  
When specifying the ‘SLIP’ option, we recommend you set the ‘line service’ on that  
particular line to ‘cslogin’; see Setting up the line on page 75.  
PPP: The PPP service will be started using the PPP parameters set for that line; see  
Configuring PPP on page 82. There will be no further login prompt (unless callback is  
operating). The PPP line settings will be taken from the settings configured for that  
line.  
Tip  
When specifying the ‘PPP’ option, we recommend you set the ‘line service’ on that  
particular port to ‘cslogin’; see Setting up the line on page 75.  
Note  
Note also that some types of user service have the same name as line service types,  
e.g. ‘user service: SLIP’ and ‘line service:SLIP’. User ‘service’ is explained in  
Configuring a user account on page 100.  
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TCP Port No(ignore this field unless you have selected a user Service of ‘telnet’)  
(telnet only) enter the TCP/IP port number of the host with which the unit should  
start the telnet service. The default port is 23; in most cases you should leave the  
value at default.  
phone  
number  
Enter a telephone number for the unit to call back the user; do not use spaces. You  
must also have ‘callback’ set to on. (The number you enter is unrelated to the  
‘phone_number’ or ‘dial’ parameters you can set for a line).  
idle timer  
(you may wish to change this setting for terminal server connections) enter a period  
in seconds for which the idle timer will run. Use this timer to close a connection  
because of user inactivity. When the idle timer expires the unit will end the  
connection. The default value is 300 seconds, meaning the idle timer will expire 300  
seconds after the last activity. The maximum value is 4294967 seconds (equal to 49  
days, approximately). A value of 0 (zero) means the idle timer will not expire so the  
connection is open permanently.  
Note: this idle timer will override the idle timer which you can configure for a line.  
session timer (you may wish to change this setting for terminal server connections) enter a period  
in seconds for which the session timer will run. Use this timer to forcibly close a  
user’s session (connection). When the session timer expires the unit will end the  
connection. The default value is 0 (zero), meaning that the session timer will not  
expire (the session is open permanently, or until the user logs out). The maximum  
value is 4294967 seconds (equal to 49 days, approximately).  
Note: this session timer will override the session timer which you can configure for a  
line.  
Level  
This field cycles through ‘admin’, ‘normal’ and ‘restricted’. These are privilege  
levels and are described in Configuring a dial in line on page 74. The ‘admin’ user  
(i.e. you as system administrator) always has ‘admin’ level account (maximum  
privileges).  
IP Host  
(ignore this field unless you have selected a user service of ‘telnet’ or ‘rlogin’ or  
‘tcp clear’).  
0.0.0.0 - default. The unit will use the default ip host configured for all users  
who login to the unit. The default ip host is set in the ‘server configuration’  
menu; see Console Server, (or in the cli see command ‘set server’). The IP  
address entered here does not affect the host table or any line configuration.  
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255.255.255.255 - specified by user. The unit will prompt the user for an IP address  
or hostname, when the telnet or rlogin service is started. When the user service is set  
to Telnet, Rlogin or TCP Clear, the unit will give the user two attempts the enter the  
required information.  
n.n.n.n - (where ‘n’ is a number) you specify in this field the IP address of a host with  
which the unit should start the telnet or rlogin service for this user.  
(callback for a user is also known as FIXED callback) the values are either ‘on’ or  
‘off’ (default is off). When ‘on’ enter a phone number for the unit to call the user  
back; see the field ‘phone number’; (the callback setting is unrelated to the ‘dial’  
parameter you can set for a line).  
callback  
Note: the unit will only allow callback when a user is authenticated. If the protocol  
over the link does not provide authentication there will be no callback. Hence, when  
the line service is set to ‘PPP’ you must use either PAP or CHAP (see Configuring  
PPP on page 82, sub-section ‘Security’), because these protocols provide  
authentication.  
For a diagrammatic view of callback, see Callback for a user on page 105. Note that  
the unit supports another type of callback - ROAMING callback - which is  
configurable for a line when you are using the PPP protocol; see Configuring PPP on  
page 82.  
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Callback for  
a user  
User  
CALLBACK  
(fixed)  
ON  
OFF  
the line must have authentication: for  
SLIP, set line service to CS_login (set  
user service to slip)  
for PPP, set line service to PPP, and  
turn on either PAP or CHAP  
(set user service to PPP)  
-
enter a telephone number for the unit  
to dial the user  
The unit will call the user back, after  
successful authentication, using the  
telephone number entered for that  
particular user.  
The unit will not provide  
any type of callback to the  
user, neither fixed nor  
roaming.  
except.....  
when, for that PPP line, roaming callback  
is set to ‘on’. In this situation, the unit  
will override the fixed callback and it will  
provide roaming callback to the user. See  
Configuring PPP on page 82.  
Note: Roaming callback is  
described in Configuring PPP on  
page 82  
In both situations the unit will require the  
user to log in again (a security  
precaution).  
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framed ip  
(use only when the user service field is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’) this is the ip address of  
the remote user. Enter the address in dot decimal notation as follows:  
255.255.255.254 (default) - if you enter this value, the unit will use the remote ip  
address set for the line; see Configuring SLIP on page 78 or Configuring PPP on page  
82.  
255.255.255.255 (when user service is set to ‘ppp’) - if you enter this value the unit  
will allow the remote machine to specify its ip address; (it therefore overrides the  
parameter ‘ip address negotiation’ which you can configure for PPP).  
255.255.255.255 (when user service is set to ‘slip’) - if you enter this value the unit  
will use the remote ip address set for the line (no negotiation).  
n.n.n.n - (where n is a number); enter an ip address of your choice.This ip address  
will then be used in preference to the remote ip address set for a line.  
framed  
netmask  
(use only when the user service field is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’). If the remote user is on  
a subnet, enter the subnet mask. This field is for your information only; it is not  
processed by the software.  
framed mtu (use only when the user service field is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’) This field specifies the  
maximum size of packets in bytes being transferred across the link. On noisy links it  
may be preferable to fragment large packets being transferred over the link since  
there will be quicker recovery from errors. Depending on whether you have selected  
a user ‘service’ of SLIP or PPP, details are as follows:  
for PPP, framed mtu will be the maximum size of packets that the unit port will  
accept. This value is negotiated between the two ends of the link. The default value is  
1500 bytes. Enter a value in bytes in the range 64-1500. An example value is 512  
bytes; this will restrict the unit to accepting packets no greater than 512 bytes in  
length.  
for SLIP, framed mtu will be the maximum size of packets being sent by the unit. The  
unit will send SLIP packets in the range 256-1006 bytes. The default value is 256  
bytes. An example setting is 512: this will restrict the unit to sending SLIP packets  
no greater than 512 bytes in length.  
The framed mtu value will be used in preference to the mtu/mru values set for a line;  
see Configuring SLIP on page 78 or Configuring PPP on page 82.  
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framed  
(use only when the user service field is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’) this parameter  
compression determines whether Van Jacobsen Compression is used on the link. Select either ‘on’  
or ‘off’ (default is ‘off’). VJ compression is a means of reducing the standard TCP/IP  
header from 40 octets to approximately 5 octets. This gives a significant performance  
improvement particularly when interactive applications are being used. Such an  
application is typing, where a single character can be passed over the link with a 40  
octet header attached. VJ Compression has little effect on other types of link, such as  
ftp, where the packets are much larger.  
The framed compression value will be used in preference to the VJ compression  
values set for a line; see Configuring SLIP on page 78 or Configuring PPP on page 82.  
If you set up any restricted users, you must predefine their sessions; they can only  
open sessions predefined for them by the admin user.  
About user levels  
There are four user levels which can be used to determine the level of access the user  
has to Console Server commands:  
Admin  
the system administrator. The admin user has total access to the unit.  
You can create more than one admin user account but we recommend  
that you only have one.  
Normal (default) normal users have access to the Sessions menu only. They can start  
sessions, predefine sessions and change their own user environment.  
Restricted  
Menuing  
these users have access to a restricted Sessions menu; they can only  
open sessions predefined for them by the admin user. Predefined  
sessions can even be configured to start automatically at login.  
only be able to initiate sessions defined for that user. All other  
functionality is barred.  
Note: When users are authenticated by a Radius host, each user will be entitled to  
Normal user level access.  
CLI prompts  
For admin users, the cli prompt is followed by a hash sign, for example xxxxxx#. For  
normal and restricted users the prompt will be followed by a dollar or pound sign, for  
example xxxxxx$. The display of a dollar or pound sign will vary according to the  
characters supported by your terminal.  
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Changing a user’s password  
To change a user’s password, proceed as follows;  
1. Within the Users menu, select ‘Set Password’ (cli syntax set user).  
2. Select a user from the list displayed.  
You will be prompted to enter a password. This can be up to sixteen characters  
long (do not use spaces). Use the <del> key to backspace if necessary.  
3. Enter the password and press <return>.  
4. When prompted, re-enter the password and press <return>.  
The password change will take effect next time the user logs in.  
Deleting a user account  
To delete a user account, proceed as follows;  
Note  
You will be unable to delete the default admin user, users that are logged in or users  
dedicated to a specific line.  
1. Within the Users menu, select ‘Delete User’ (cli syntax delete user).  
2. Select the user that you want to delete from the list displayed.  
You will be asked to confirm the deletion;  
3. Type ‘y’ and press <return>.  
The user will be deleted.  
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Configuring Break Pass Through  
The Console Server will not send break signals on power cycles. It is also configured  
not to allow break signals to be sent through to attached devices by default. However,  
some administrators may wish to be able to send the break signal i.e. to take a Sun  
Solaris system to the Open Boot prompt.  
To enable this feature, please use the following CLI command to enable/disable  
proprietary inband SSH break signal processing as well as existing Reverse Telnet  
break signal.  
# set server break <on/off>  
# save  
The OEM mode flag 0x0010 will be set/reset based upon this command.  
Alternatively, you can enable/disable this feature but using "set server OEM_mode".  
A break signal is generated on a specific serial port only when the server's break  
option is enabled and the user has typed the exact break string over a reverse SSH  
connection.  
The OEM mode flag 0x0010 will be set/reset based upon this command.  
Alternatively, you can enable/disable this feature but using "set server OEM_mode".  
For SSH, the default break signal is '~break', where ~ is tilde. To change the SSH  
break signal, use the following command:  
# set server sshbreakstring <8-characters>  
Note  
A terminal emulator must be used that is capable of sending the break signal.  
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Resetting the line to default  
This feature enables you to reset the serial line which you are configuring to the  
default settings. It is available in the Line Settings form (under the Line  
Configuration Menu).  
To reset the line to the default settings proceed as follows;  
1. Within the Line Configuration Menu, select Line settings (cli syntax reset line).  
The Line Settings form is now displayed  
2. Within the Line Settings form, with the cursor at any position inside the form,  
press <return>.  
3. The Options form is now displayed:  
4. Within the Options form, select ‘reset to default’.  
The line will be reset to 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and software flow  
control; the line type will become ‘rev tel’, the TCP Port ‘23’, the Idle Timer ‘300’  
seconds and the hostname the first host entered in the host table.  
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Saving your settings  
Saving settings to non-volatile memory  
1. After making changes to the configuration, exit the text menu screen (form) you  
are using.  
The ‘options’ form now appears:  
2. Within the options form select ‘accept and exit form’ to retain your changes in  
RAM (volatile memory).  
3. To save your changes permanently exit the text menu system completely then  
return to the Main Menu and select ‘command line mode’;  
The exit full screen mode form is now displayed:  
4. Within the ‘exit full screen mode’ form select ‘exit and save changes’.  
All the changes made since last entering the menus will be saved to FLASH  
(permanent, non-volatile) memory.  
You will now be at the command line prompt.  
5. To return the menus, at the command prompt, type: screen  
Saving settings to a file  
netsave  
You can also save your configuration information to a file on a host. This can  
only be done in the cli; see Appendix B The CLI commands  
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C h a p t e r 4 U s i n g y o u r C o n s o l e  
S e r v e r  
You need to You need to read this chapter if you want information on how to use the Console  
read this  
Server as a console server.  
chapter if  
you want to...  
This chapter provides task orientated information on using the Console Server as a  
console server.  
This chapter includes the following sections  
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction on page 116  
Accessing devices via Telnet from the LAN on page 117  
Accessing devices via SSH on page 118  
Accessing devices via modems using PPP on page 122  
Accessing devices via modems using a dumb device on page 123.  
For details of installation procedures, see Chapter 2 Installation.  
For information about performing system administration tasks with your Console  
Server, see Chapter 3 System administration.  
For information on using your Console Server as a console server, see Chapter 4  
Using your Console Server.  
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Introduction  
Once the unit has been configured and users added using the procedures given in  
Chapter 2 Installation and Chapter 3 System administration, you can begin to use it as  
a console server.  
There are three methods of accessing the devices attached to the serial ports:  
•
•
•
•
Accessing devices via telnet from the LAN. See page 117  
Accessing devices via SSH from the LAN. See page 118  
Accessing devices via modems on a dial in link using PPP. See page 122  
Accessing devices via modems on a dial in link with no network. See page 123  
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Accessing devices via Telnet from the LAN  
In order to perform this function you must have a system capable of running a telnet  
session.  
Terminal  
Microsoft Windows does have an implementation of telnet but it is limited. You may  
emulators wish to use a terminal emulator package such as:  
Term - Century Software - www.censoft.com (eval available)  
NetTerm - shareware  
Information required  
To connect to a specific device you must know the following information:  
•
•
•
ip address of Console Server device is connected to  
Port on Console Server device is connected to  
TCP socket number of port (by default port 1 will be 10001, port 2 10002 etc.)  
Access procedure  
To access a device using Telnet proceed as follows;  
1. Set your terminal emulator to connect to the ip address of the Console Server and  
set socket number for correct port.  
2. If running from command line, run following command:  
telnet 'ipaddress' 'socket num'  
Example - telnet 192.65.121.4 10004  
A Console Server login prompt will then be displayed.  
Note: To disable this feature use the cli command, set line security <on/off>  
3. At this prompt, enter your user name for the Console Server and press enter.  
4. At the password prompt, enter your password for the Console Server and press  
enter.  
You will now be connected to the port and thus the connected device.  
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Accessing devices via SSH  
In order to perform this function you must have a system capable of running an SSH  
session. The Console Server supports both SSH version 1 and SSH version 2. You  
may wish to use a SSH client software such as :  
PuTTY - PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet and SSH for Win32  
platforms available from the web.  
SSH Setup Procedure  
To connect to a specific device using SSH you must configure the Console Server to  
support the SSH protocol. By default, the SSH protocol is disabled.  
To configure the Console Server for SSH perform the following steps:  
1. Through console/admin port or by telnet access across the LAN, access the  
server configuration through CLI commands or through the menu configuration  
screens.  
2. Select the appropriate SSH protocol setting.  
SSH1 – SSH version 1 only  
SSH2 – SSH version 2 only  
Both – Both SSH version 1 and SSH version 2 supported  
Disabled – SSH protocol is disabled.  
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3. You will be prompted to generated the SSH keys associated with the version of  
SSH selected. This initial generation of key takes a few minutes and you will be  
asked to confirm if you want to proceed with the key generation. The SSH key  
generation is only performed once unless the Console Server is reset back to  
factory default.  
4. During key generation, an indicator at the bottom of the screen shows the keys  
being generated. During the key generation process, any users connected to the  
box may experience performance delays due to the intense CPU time to generate  
secure keys for the SSH protocol support.  
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5. Once the keys have been generated, you will be prompted to save your settings.  
6. Each line which you require secure access to will have to be configured for  
reverse ssh. Go to the appropriate line configuration setting to set the line service  
to rev ssh  
NOTE: the line will only support the SSH protocol which was selected in the  
server configuration.  
7. Save your line configuration settings and SSH protocol is now supported.  
Required Information  
To connect to a specific device you must know the following information:  
•
•
•
Ip address of Console Server device is connected to  
Port on Console Server device is connected to  
TCP socket number of port (by default port 1 will be 10001, port 2 10002, etc)  
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•
•
SSH protocol enabled and associated key generated on the Console Server  
Disable decompression on SSH client software – feature is not supported on  
Console Server  
Access procedure  
To access a device over a secure SSH session, proceed as follows:  
1. Set up your SSH client software to connect to the ip address of the Console Server  
and set socket number for the correct port.  
2. Setup your SSH client software to match the SSH protocol version that is  
configured on the Console Server unit.  
3. A Console Server login prompt will appear and you can enter your user name.  
NOTE: In order to provide a secure SSH connection across the LAN the Console  
Server login prompt can be delayed by a few seconds as the secure line is being  
negotiated.  
4. A password prompt will appear and you can enter your password.  
You will now be connected to the port over a secure SSH LAN connection.  
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Accessing devices via modems using PPP  
For this method you will need to setup one of the serial ports for PPP (see  
Configuring a dial in line on page 74 in Chapter 3 System administration).  
With a line configured for PPP you will be able to dial in for a PC using Microsoft's  
dial up networking.  
A remote user will dial up by using dial up networking and once authenticated by the  
Console Server will be connected to the network. At this point a telnet session can be  
initiated as in the Accessing devices via Telnet from the LAN on page 117.  
Note  
Even in the event of a main network failure a user will still be able to connect to the  
Console Server and access a port.  
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Accessing devices via modems using a dumb  
device  
For this method you will be using either a PC with a terminal emulator or a dumb  
terminal.  
To setup a serial port for this method proceed as follows:  
1. Login in to Console Server as admin.  
2. At Console Server prompt type screen and press enter.  
The Main menu now appears.  
3. From the Main menu, select Line settings.  
4. Select the line number you wish to configure.  
5. Set the service to cslogin.  
6. Check speed, flow, bits, parity and stop are the same as your modem settings.  
7. Press enter and select Save settings.  
8. Exit menus and save settings to flash memory.  
9. Connect modem to the serial port on your Console Server.  
10. Dial into your Console Server unit via modems.  
You are now presented with a login prompt  
11. At the login prompt enter your Console Server user name and press enter,  
A password prompt is now displayed  
12. At the prompt enter the password and press enter.  
A Console Server prompt is now displayed.  
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13. At this prompt telnet to the appropriate port  
For example Telnet 'ipaddress' 'socket #'  
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A p p e n d i x A C a b l i n g  
i n f o r m a t i o n  
You need to You need to read this appendix if you want cabling information for the Console  
read this  
Server.  
appendix if  
you want to...  
This appendix provides connector pinout and cabling information for the Console  
Server console server.  
This appendix includes the following sections;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RJ45 RS232 serial ports on page 126  
RJ45 10/100BaseT port on page 129  
Admin Port on page 130  
Direct (1:1) Connections on page 131  
PC serial port on page 136  
Terminals on page 138  
Modems on page 140  
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RJ45 RS232 serial ports  
The RS232 RJ45 serial ports are 8-pin shielded and surge-suppressed to 15KV. Note  
that DCD is an input.  
The pinouts are shown in shielded RJ45 pinouts RJ45 pinouts (serial ports) on page  
126.  
shielded  
RJ45 pinouts  
RJ45 pinouts  
(serial ports)  
Pin  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Circuit  
DCD  
DSR  
DTR  
S/GND  
TXD  
RXD  
CTS  
RTS  
Direction  
Input  
Output  
Input  
—
Output  
Input  
Output  
Input  
—
Function  
Data Carrier Detect  
Data Set Ready  
Data Terminal Ready  
Signal Ground  
Transmit Data  
Receive Data  
Clear To Send  
Request To Send  
Protective (Chassis) Ground  
Shield P/GND  
Notes:  
1. P/GND means Protective (Chassis) Ground  
2. S/GND means Signal Ground  
Pin locations RJ45 connectors  
The pins in all the RJ45 connectors (front and rear panels) are located at the bottom,  
with pin 1 on the right;  
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Pin  
numberingin  
the RJ45  
connectors  
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AUI port  
The port labelled AUI, on the rear panel, is a 15-way female D-type. Pin-outs are:  
Note  
To use the AUI port on Console Server units equipped with Revision 2 boards you  
need to select the AUI interface during initial configuration using CLI commands.  
See Selecting AUI or 10/100 Base T interface on page 32.  
Pin  
Signal  
Pin  
Signal  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ground/chassis link  
Collision+  
Data Out+  
Ground  
9
Collision-  
Data Out-  
Ground  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
Data In-  
Data In+  
+12 volt  
Ground  
Ground  
do not connect  
Ground  
do not connect  
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RJ45 10/100BaseT port  
The RJ45 port on the rear panel, labelled ‘10/100BaseT’ is 8-pin shielded RJ45. It is  
wired as shown in on page 129the next table. The positions of the pins inside the  
connector are shown in Pin numbering in the RJ45 connectors on page 127. The pinouts  
are shown below .  
Pin  
Signal  
Function  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TXD+  
Transmit Data+  
Transmit Data-  
Receive Data+  
do not connect  
do not connect  
Receive Data-  
do not connect  
do not connect  
TXD-  
RXD+  
-
-
RXD-  
-
-
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Admin Port  
The port labelled ‘Admin’ is on the rear of the unit. When fitted with a 25-pin female  
D-type connector the wiring is as follows:  
Pin  
Signal  
Function  
2
RXD  
TXD  
S/GND  
-
Receive  
3
Transmit  
7
Signal Ground  
(do not connect)  
all others  
If you wish to connect a terminal into the Admin Port, see the connection example in  
Terminals on page 138.  
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Direct (1:1) Connections  
This section describes direct (1:1) connections (definition below) and shows you  
connection examples. Definition of a Direct (1:1) connection:  
a single length of cable joins the Black Box device and your equipment;  
there is no structured cabling system or any other connection in-between.  
Notes:  
1. Some user equipment need additional signals on the connector. These may not be  
supported by the Black Box device or your cable. The normal way to overcome  
this is to loopback - on your equipment - one of the output lines to the required  
input. Refer to the documentation supplied with your equipment, or the supplier of  
the equipment, for information on which loop-backs, if any, are required.  
2. Other than a specific requirement at your equipment (as in note 1), do not connect  
unused pins on either connector.  
3. Protective Ground (P/GND) terminates on the connector and so does not have a  
pin number.  
Example direct connections  
In this section we show example connections between Black Box ports and the  
following devices:  
•
•
•
•
Sun Microsystem servers on page 132  
CISCO RJ45 console ports with software flow control on page 134  
Black Box 833AS on page 134  
Black Box Series router console port on page 134.  
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Sun Microsystem servers  
For connecting a port on the front of the Console Server to the console port on a Sun  
server with software flow control;  
Console Server  
Port  
Sun server  
DB25  
4
5
6
GND  
TX  
RX  
7
3
2
GND  
RX  
TX  
For connecting a port on the front of the Console Server to the DB25 console port on  
a Sun server with hardware flow control;  
Console Server  
Port  
Sun server  
DB25  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DCD  
DSR  
DTR  
GND  
TXD  
RXD  
CTS  
RTS  
20  
6&8  
20  
7
3
2
DTR  
DSR&DCD  
DTR  
GND  
RXD  
TXD  
CTS  
RTS  
5
4
For connecting a port on the front of the Console Server to the DB9 console port on a  
Sun server;  
Console Server  
Port  
Sun server  
DB9  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DCD  
DSR  
DTR  
S/GND  
TXD  
RXD  
CTS  
RTS  
4
1&6  
4
5
2
3
8
7
DTR  
DCD&DSR  
DTR  
S/GND  
RXD  
TXD  
CTS  
RTS  
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For connecting a port on the front of the Console Server to Sun Netra t1 and other  
Sun systems with RJ45 console ports.  
Console Server  
Port  
Sun server  
RJ45  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DCD  
DSR  
DTR  
S/GND  
TXD  
RXD  
CTS  
RTS  
2
7
2
4
6
3
8
1
DTR  
DSR  
DTR  
GND  
RXD  
TXD  
CTS  
RTS  
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CISCO RJ45 console ports with software flow control  
Console Server  
CISC0  
TX  
RX  
GND  
5
6
4
————————>  
<————————  
<————————  
6
3
4
RX  
TX  
GND  
Black Box 833AS  
Console Server  
833AS  
DB9  
TX  
RX  
GND  
5
6
4
————————>  
<————————  
—————————  
2
3
5
RX  
TX  
GND  
Black Box Series router console port  
Console Server  
Router  
DB25  
TX  
RX  
GND  
5
6
4
————————>  
<————————  
—————————  
2
3
7
RX  
TX  
GND  
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IBM RS6000  
Console Server  
RS6000  
DB25  
DCD  
S/GND  
RX  
DSR  
S/GND  
TX  
2
4
5
6
<————————  
1
5
2
3
————————>  
<————————  
RX  
TX  
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PC serial port  
PC, example connections,  
with a Black Box RS232 RJ45 connector and a direct (1:1) connection to the PC  
(connection not through a structured cabling system), and using hardware flow  
control:  
Black Box RS232  
RJ45  
PC  
DB9  
DSR  
DTR  
S/GND  
TXD  
RXD  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
<————————  
————————>  
4
6
5
2
3
7
8
DTR  
DSR  
S/GND  
RXD  
TXD  
————————>  
<————————  
<————————  
————————>  
CTS  
RTS  
RTS  
CTS  
1. If your PC is fitted with a DB25 connector, use the same DB25 pinouts as for  
modems, shown in Section Modems  
2. We assume you are connecting your PC directly to the Black Box device (no  
structured cabling system).  
3. In addition to the signals shown in the examples above, you may connect  
Protective Ground (P/GND) if you have shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable.  
Connect P/GND at either your equipment or the Black Box device (but not both).  
P/GND will reduce interference in noisy environments.  
4. The application of the connection example is a PC running terminal emulation  
software set to ‘hardware flow control’.  
Connection from the 25-pin Admin Port to a PC  
Black Box 25-pin Admin Port  
PC  
DB25  
DB9  
TXD  
3
———————>  
2
RXD  
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RXD  
GND  
2
7
<———————  
————————  
3
5
TXD  
GND  
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Terminals  
Terminals (slow speed or using software flow control)  
For a standard terminal operating at slow speeds, or using software flow control, a  
simple 3-pin connection can be used:  
Black Box RS232  
RJ45  
Terminal  
DB25  
RXD  
TXD  
S/GND  
6
5
4
<————————  
—————--—>  
———————-  
2
3
7
TXD  
RXD  
S/GND  
Notes:  
1. In addition to the signals shown in the examples above, you may connect  
Protective Ground (P/GND) if you have shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable.  
Connect P/GND at either your equipment or the Black Box device (but not both).  
P/GND will reduce interference in noisy environments.  
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Connection from the 25-pin Admin Port to a Terminal  
Black Box 25-pin Admin Port  
Terminal  
DB25  
DB25  
TXD  
RXD  
GND  
3
2
7
———————>  
<———————  
————————  
3
2
7
RXD  
TXD  
GND  
For a terminal operating at speeds faster than 9600 baud, or for a terminal which  
cannot use xon/xoff flow control, the following connections are required:  
Black Box device  
RS232 RJ45  
Terminal  
DB25  
RXD  
TXD  
RTS  
6
5
8
<————————  
—————--—>  
<————————  
2
3
4
20  
5
TXD  
RXD  
RTS or  
DTR  
*CTS  
S/GND  
or  
*CTS  
S/GND  
7
4
—————--—>  
———————-  
7
Notes:  
1. In addition to the signals shown in the examples above, you may connect  
Protective Ground (P/GND) if you have shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable.  
Connect P/GND at either your equipment or the Black Box device (but not both).  
P/GND will reduce interference in noisy environments.  
2. * asterisk denotes that you connect CTS to CTS only if input flow control (from  
the Terminal to the Black Box device) is required.  
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Modems  
Direct connections  
Modems; example connections,  
Black Box device  
RS232 RJ45  
Modem  
DB25  
RXD  
TXD  
RTS  
CTS  
DSR  
S/GND  
DCD  
DTR  
6
5
8
7
2
4
1
3
<————————  
—————--—>  
<————————  
—————--—>  
3
2
5
4
RXD  
TXD  
CTS  
RTS  
—————--—> 20 DTR  
———————-  
<————————  
<————————  
7
8
6
S/GND  
DCD  
DSR  
Notes:  
1. At the modem, signal RXD is received data from the PSTN; signal TXD is  
transmitted data to the PSTN.  
2. In addition to the signals shown in the examples above, you may connect  
Protective Ground (P/GND) if you have shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable.  
Connect P/GND at either your equipment or the Black Box device (but not both).  
P/GND will reduce interference in noisy environments.  
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A p p e n d i x B T h e C L I  
c o m m a n d s  
You need to You need to read this appendix if you want information on the Console Server  
read this  
Command Line Interface (CLI).  
appendix if  
you want to...  
This appendix provides descriptions of each Command Line Interface (CLI)  
command.  
This appendix includes the following sections;  
•
CLI commands on page 142.  
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CLI commands  
add community  
user level: This command enables you to define up to four SNMP communities.  
admin  
Syntax  
add community community_name inetaddress  
none readonly readwrite  
|
|
Where:  
community_name is an arbitrary name assigned to the community.  
inetaddress  
is the internet address that identifies the host(s) in the community.  
none | readonly | defines the access permission for the community.  
readwrite  
See also  
add trap, delete community, set contact, set location, show snmp  
add DNS  
user level: This command enables you to define the DNS (Domain Name Service) host or hosts  
admin  
in your network. You can enter the addresses two DNS hosts in the unit; one will be  
referred to as the primary host, the other a secondary host. The DNS hosts do not  
have to be the same hosts as entered in your unit’s host table.  
On a remote access connection the unit will transmit these addresses to a dial-up  
Windows NT/95 client. Therefore, your remote user does not have to configure DNS  
parameters in his/her computer.  
For more information on DNS see DNS configuration on page 56.  
Syntax  
add DNS internet_address  
Note ‘DNS’ must be entered in upper case. Also:  
internet address is the internet address of your machine providing the DNS; enter  
the address in dot decimal notation.  
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Menu  
Network Configuration - DNS - Add DNS  
equivalent  
See also  
delete DNS, add WINS, show server  
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add gateway  
user level: This command enables you to define the gateways in your network. You can add up  
admin  
Syntax  
to twenty gateways and these must be hosts that you have defined in the host table.  
add gateway hostname type [inetaddress]  
Where:  
hostname  
type  
is the name of the host that you want to define as a gateway  
is the gateway type: default, host or network. The types are:  
•
•
•
Default - this is a gateway which provides general access  
beyond your local network.  
Host - this a gateway reserved for accessing a specific host  
external to your local network.  
Network - this is a gateway reserved for accessing a specific  
network external to your local network.  
inetaddress  
if you define the type as host or network, you must define the  
internet address of the target host or network.  
Your gateway by default is ‘active’; you can change it to ‘passive’; see the command  
set gateway.  
Menu  
Network Configuration - Gateway - Add Gateway  
equivalent  
See also  
delete gateway, set gateway  
add host  
user level: This command enables you to add the details of the other hosts in your network.  
admin  
These will be added to the host table. You can also add hosts accessed frequently not  
in your LAN.  
Syntax  
add host hostname inetaddress  
Where:  
hostname  
is the name of the host (14 characters maximum).  
is the internet address of the machine.  
inetaddress  
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Menu  
Network Configuration - Host Table - Add Host  
equivalent  
See also  
delete host, set host  
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add modem  
user level: Use this command to add modem details to the unit. You will want to add modems  
admin  
Syntax  
which you want the unit to control.  
add modem name init_string  
Where:  
name  
is the name of your modem, e.g. usrobotics28.8, or a name you  
wish to use, e.g. modem4. Do not enter spaces in the name; use the  
underscore _ character; e.g. us_robotics_28.8  
init_string  
is the initialisation string of the modem; see your modem’s  
documentation.  
Menu  
Line Configuration - Modems - Add Modem or Change Modem  
equivalent  
See also:  
delete modem, show modems  
Note  
To change modem details in the cli you must ‘delete’ the modem, then ‘add’ it again,  
with the changed details.  
add radius  
user level: Use this command to add RADIUS authentication and accounting hosts to the unit.  
admin  
Syntax  
add radius host type host name secret  
Where:  
host type  
hostname  
secret  
is either authentication_host or accounting_host  
is the name of the RADIUS host  
is the secret (password) shared between the unit and the RADIUS  
host.  
Note  
You must have the host already entered in the unit’s host table; see add host on page  
144. If not you will see a message saying that no host is configured.  
radius configuration - radius settings  
Menu  
equivalent  
See also:  
delete radius, set radius, set server, show radius  
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add trap  
user level: Use this command to define communities which will receive trap messages generated  
admin  
by the unit. Note that the unit does not generate any enterprise-specific traps. Up to  
four trap comunities may be defined.  
Syntax  
add trap trap_name inetaddress  
Where:  
trap_name  
inetaddress  
is an arbitrary name assigned to the community.  
is the internet address that identifies the host(s) in the community.  
See also  
add community, delete trap, set contact, set location, show snmp  
add user  
user level: This command enables you to add a new user to the system. You will be prompted to  
admin  
enter a password (maximum sixteen characters). You must also set the user’s level  
using the set user command.  
Syntax  
add user username  
Where username is the required login name (maximum sixteen characters).  
Menu  
Users - Add User  
equivalent  
See also  
delete user, set user, show user  
add WINS  
user level: This command enables you to define the WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service)  
admin  
host or hosts in your network. You can define a maximum of two hosts. If you wish,  
it/they can be the same address(es) as a machine(s) already entered in the unit host  
table.  
Syntax  
add WINS internet_address  
Note ‘WINS’ must be entered in upper case. Also:  
internet address is the internet address of your machine providing the WINS; enter  
the address in dot decimal notation.  
Menu  
Network Configuration - WINS - Add WINS  
equivalent  
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See also  
delete WINS, add DNS, show server  
admin  
user level: If you are a normal user, this command enables you to enter Admin mode. But only if  
normal  
you know the admin password. This will give you full access to the unit’s commands.  
The unit’s prompt will change to a hash or pound sign (JS_8500# or JS_8500£) to  
indicate that you are in admin mode. You must log out and back in again to revert to  
your original mode.  
Syntax  
admin  
Menu  
Sessions - Become Admin User  
equivalent  
debug  
level of user: This command will send debug information to the screen. You can be connected to  
admin  
either the Admin port or a front-mounted port. Use this command only when  
instructed by your Technical Support.  
Syntax  
debug  
Menu  
equivalent  
See also  
(none available)  
-
delete ARP  
This command enables you to delete the ARP table. This is useful for diagnostic and  
debugging purposes.  
This command is only available from the CLI.  
Syntax  
delete arp  
See also  
show ARP  
delete community  
user level: This command enables you to delete SNMP communities defined using the add  
admin  
Syntax  
community command.  
delete community  
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
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Communities are numbered according to the order they are created in. You can list  
them using the show snmp command.  
See also  
add community, delete trap, show snmp  
delete DNS  
user level: This command enables you to delete the DNS (Domain Name Service) host or hosts  
admin  
Syntax  
in your network.  
delete DNS internet_address  
Note ‘DNS’ must be entered in upper case. Also:  
internet address is the internet address in dot decimal notation. If you cannot  
remember the address type a space and then a question mark after  
DNS; e.g. del DNS ?  
The unit will list the ip addresses of DNS machines entered in its  
DNS table. Type the ip address.  
Menu  
Network Configuration - DNS - delete DNS  
equivalent  
See also  
add DNS, delete WINS, show server  
delete gateway  
user level: This command enables you to delete a gateway. The host will not be deleted from the  
admin  
Syntax  
host table.  
delete gateway hostname  
Menu  
Network Configuration - Gateways  
equivalent  
See also  
add gateway, set gateway, show gateways  
delete host  
user level: This command enables you to delete a host from the host table. If the host is  
admin  
referenced by any predefined telnet or rlogin session, or is defined as a gateway,  
DNS or WINS host, the message <in use> will be displayed and it will not be  
deleted.  
Syntax  
delete host hostname  
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Menu  
Network Configuration - Host Table  
equivalent  
See also  
add host, set host  
delete modem  
user level: Use this command to delete modem details from the unit.  
admin  
Syntax  
delete modem modem_name  
If you cannot remember the name of the modem, key the first few significant letters or  
type ?  
Menu  
Line Configuration menu - modems - delete modem  
equivalent  
See also:  
add modem, show modems  
Note  
To change modem details in the cli you must ‘delete’ the modem, then ‘add’ it again,  
with the changed details.  
delete radius  
user level: Use this command to delete RADIUS authentication and accounting hosts from the  
admin  
Syntax  
unit.  
delete radius host type  
host name  
Where:  
host type  
is either authentication_host or accounting_host  
hostname  
is the name of the RADIUS host  
Menu  
radius configuration - radius settings  
equivalent  
See also:  
add radius, show radius  
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delete trap  
user level: This command enables you to delete SNMP trap communities defined using the add  
admin  
Syntax  
trap command.  
delete trap  
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
Communities are numbered according to the order they are created in. You can list  
them using the show snmp command.  
See also  
add trap, delete community, show snmp.  
delete user  
user level: This command enables you to delete a user. You cannot delete the following: the  
admin  
Syntax  
default admin user, users that are logged in or users whose line is dedicated to them.  
delete user username  
Menu  
Users - delete user  
equivalent  
See also  
add user, set user, show user  
delete WINS  
user level: This command enables you to delete the WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service)  
admin  
Syntax  
host or hosts in your network.  
delete WINS internet_address  
Note ‘WINS’ must be entered in upper case. Also:  
internet address is the internet address in dot decimal notation. If you cannot  
remember the address type a space and then a question mark after  
WINS; e.g. del WINS ?  
The unit will list the ip addresses of WINS machines entered in its  
WINS table. Type the ip address.  
Menu  
Network Configuration - WINS - delete WINS  
equivalent  
See also  
add WINS, delete DNS, show server  
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heap  
user level: This command tells you how much free memory currently exists and the largest  
admin  
Syntax  
available fragment.  
heap  
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help  
all users  
The help command displays a brief description of how to use the Command Line:  
Type  
?
at any time to list possible options  
(e.g. set user?)  
Syntax  
help  
kill line  
user level: This command can be used to kill the processes on a serial line.  
admin  
Syntax  
kill line  
n
Where n is the line that you want to kill.  
Menu  
Line Configuration - Kill Line  
equivalent  
See also  
reset line, restart  
logout  
user levels: This command logs you off the unit. You won’t be allowed to log out if you still have  
all users  
Syntax  
sessions running.  
logout  
Menu  
Sessions - Logout  
equivalent  
See also  
kill line  
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netload  
user level: This command allows you to download a file over a network from a host using TFTP.  
admin  
The file can be one of several types; e.g. a configuration file of another unit. The list  
of file types is shown below.  
Syntax  
netload [nowrite] filetype hostname filename  
where you replace the word ‘filetype’ with one of the following words:  
configuration  
term1  
a configuration file of a unit  
the first of your extra terminal definition files  
the second of your extra terminal definition files  
the third of your extra terminal definition files  
a new version of a unit’s software  
term2  
term3  
software  
and where:  
hostname  
filename  
is one from the list of hosts defined in the unit’s host table. Type ? to show  
the host table entries. Select a host by typing its name, e.g. aristotle.  
must include the path to the file e.g. /etc/xxxx/config/... The path/filename  
must start with the ‘forward slash’ / character; do not specify a drive letter.  
For terminal definition files, the unit will refer to your filename (after  
downloading) as either ‘term1’ ‘term2’ or ‘term3’.  
nowrite  
is an optional parameter which allows you to put the downloaded file into  
RAM without a write to FLASH memory. You must type the word ‘nowrite’  
immediately after ‘netload’ (separated by a space). Subsequently you can  
save the file to FLASH by re-using the netload command without the  
‘nowrite’ option.  
During and/or after download you will see status messages at the command line, e.g.  
TFTP: transfer succeeded  
Note  
you can configure TFTP in the unit; see the command set server.  
The downloaded files will take effect as follows:  
configuration  
immediately after successful download. When you continue to use  
the cli or menus, you will be using the new configuration  
term1, term2 and  
term3  
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software  
when you reboot the unit. See reboot on page 160  
If you have used the ‘nowrite’ option and you now wish to discard this file in RAM and  
revert to the original file in FLASH, you must reboot the unit. Use the cli command  
reboot.  
Menu  
(none available)  
equivalent  
See also  
netsave, reboot, set server  
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netsave  
user level: This command enables you to save two types of information to a file on a remote  
admin  
host: the configuration of your unit and crash details.  
Configuration information  
The following information will be saved:  
User Profiles, including passwords  
Port Configuration  
Host Table  
Gateways  
RADIUS details  
Modems  
SNMP  
Information unique to this unit (name, ip address) will not be saved. Make sure you  
have write permission to the file.You can use this configuration file to configure  
other units. The configuration can subsequently be reloaded using the netload  
command.  
Crash information  
When the unit has rebooted after a crash you can save crash information to a file on a  
remote host. This information will be diagnostic data for use by Technical Support  
personnel.  
Syntax:  
netsave type hostname filename  
where you replace the word ‘type’ with one of the following words:  
configuration  
crash  
the configuration of your unit  
information associated with the last crash of the unit  
and where  
hostname  
filename  
is one from the list of hosts defined in the unit host  
table. Type ? to show the host table entries.  
Select a host by typing its name, e.g. aristotle.  
must include the path to the file e.g. /etc/xxxx/  
config/...  
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Menu  
(not available)  
Equivalent:  
See Also:  
netload, save  
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ping  
all users  
If you are having trouble accessing a host, try the ping command. This tries to elicit a  
response from the specified host. If successful, a report similar to the following will  
be generated:  
#
ping socrates  
PING socrates  
(192.101.34.1): 100 data bytes  
icmp.seq=0.  
108  
108  
bytes from 192.101.34.1:  
bytes from 192.101.34.1:  
time=15. ms  
time=12. ms  
icmp.seq=1.  
-
-
-
socrates PING statistics  
10 packets transmitted, 10 packets received, 0% packet loss  
round-trip (ms) min/avg/max 12/12/15  
-
-
-
=
You can interrupt the process by pressing any key.  
If the hostname cannot be resolved, the following message will be displayed:  
Ping: hostname: Host not found  
If the host has been resolved, but the network it is on is unreachable, the following  
output will be generated:  
ping hostname/inetaddress  
100 data bytes  
ping: t_rcvudata: ENETUNREACH  
unreachable  
-
Network is  
If the host has been resolved, but it isn’t answering, the following will be displayed:  
ping hostname/inetaddress  
100 data bytes  
10 packets transmitted,  
100% packet loss.  
0
packets received,  
Syntax  
ping hostname/inetaddress [packet_size]  
[packets_sent]  
Where:  
hostname/  
inetaddress  
is the hostname or internet address of the machine that you  
want to ping.  
packet_size  
is the size of packet sent (default = 100 bytes).  
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packets_sent  
is the number of packets sent (default = 10).  
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reboot  
user level: This command will reboot the unit. You will be asked to confirm the reboot with the  
admin  
following prompt:  
save config to flash ROM y/n  
If you press ‘y’ the unit will save your configuration, close all connections and then  
reboot. If you press ‘n’ the unit will prompt you:  
confirm reboot unit y/n  
Press ‘y’ to reboot, ‘n’ to cancel.  
For more information on how the unit reboots, see BOOTP, Appendix F BOOTP.  
Rebooting does not reset the unit to factory default settings.  
Syntax  
reboot  
Menu  
Network Configuration - Reboot  
equivalent  
See also  
show server  
reset factory  
user level: This command will reset the unit to its default values. The unit will save the factory  
admin  
default settings to FLASH memory; this saving will take a few seconds. After this  
period you will be logged out and presented with a new login prompt.  
reset factory  
Syntax  
Menu  
Network Configuration - Reset  
equivalent  
See also  
reboot  
reset line  
user level: This command will reset the specified serial line(s) to the default line configuration.  
admin  
Syntax  
reset line ./n/*  
Where:  
.
specifies the current line.  
n
is a specific serial line number.  
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*
specifies all serial lines.  
Menu  
Line Configuration - Line Settings - Quit form  
equivalent  
See also  
kill line, restart, show line, set line  
reset user  
user level: This command will reset the specified user(s) to the default user settings. This sets  
admin  
the user level to ‘normal’ and the screen switch character to ‘1’. Any predefined  
sessions are switched off. The default admin user will not be reset.  
reset user ./*/username  
Syntax  
Where:  
.
specifies the current user.  
is the name of a specific user.  
specifies all users.  
username  
*
See also  
reboot  
restart  
user level: When there is insufficient free memory to start a login or virtual circuit on a line, that  
admin  
line will appear dead and you will be unable to restart it. You must wait until  
sufficient memory is available and then restart all such lines using this command.  
You can enter the command on any active serial line. The execution of the command  
will affect halted processes on all lines, both serial and parallel.  
restart  
Syntax  
Menu  
(none available)  
equivalent  
See also  
heap, kill line  
resume  
user level: The resume command enables you to resume any session that you have left running.  
all users  
Syntax  
You will be returned to your last position in a session.  
resume  
n
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Where n is the session you want to resume.  
Menu  
Sessions - Resume Session  
equivalent  
See also  
start  
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rlogin  
user level: This command will establish a connection with a host using the rlogin protocol.  
admin,  
normal  
Rlogin passes your login name to the host, so you are prompted for your password  
only. If your unit’s login name exists in the ‘rhost’ file of the target login directory,  
you won’t be prompted for a password. You will be logged straight in.  
rlogin hostname/inetaddress [termtype termtype]  
[user username]  
Syntax  
Where:  
hostname/  
inetaddress  
is the hostname or internet address of the machine you want to log into.  
termtype  
is your terminal type. By default a dumb terminal type is passed to the host.  
When connecting to a UNIX host, you must define the termtype in  
accordance with its UNIX TERM variable.  
username  
is your login name on the target host if different to your unit’s login. You can  
also use this argument to log in as someone else.  
Menu  
Sessions - Start telnet/rlogin  
equivalent  
See also  
resume, show line, start, telnet  
save  
user level:  
admin  
This command enables you to save the configuration information of your unit  
to FLASH (permanent, non-volatile) memory. Note that the save command  
does not apply to language files or any other files downloaded into RAM  
using the netload command. The writing to FLASH will take a few seconds and  
during this time the unit will not respond to user input.  
WARNING  
do not turn the power on/off while the unit is writing to FLASH memory.  
Syntax:  
save  
See also  
netload, netsave  
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screen  
user level: This command will change you from Command Line mode to Full Screen mode (on  
admin  
Syntax  
supported terminal types only).  
screen  
set contact  
user level: This command enables you to configure the SNMP sysContact object.  
admin  
Syntax  
set contact contact_name  
Where contact_name is a string representing your contact name; it cannot contain  
spaces (e.g. john.smith, john_smith or johnsmith)  
set location, show snmp  
See also  
set date  
user level: This command enables you to set the date in the unit. The date is used by the real-  
admin  
time clock. For more information on the real-time clock see Console Server, Setting  
date and time on page 64.  
Syntax  
set date dd/mm/yyyy  
for example; set date 05/12/2000  
Main Menu - hardware  
Menu  
equivalent  
See also  
set time  
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set ethernet interface RJ45  
user level: This command enables you to select the RJ45 10/100Base-T interface.  
admin  
Syntax  
set ethernet interface RJ45  
See also  
set ethernet interface AUI, show hardware  
set ethernet interface AUI  
user level: This command enables you to select the AUI interface.  
admin  
Syntax  
set ethernet interface AUI  
See also  
set ethernet interface RJ45, show hardware  
set gateway  
user level: This command enables you to redefine a gateway.  
admin  
Syntax  
set gateway hostname type [inetaddress] [status]  
Where:  
hostname  
type  
is the name of the gateway.  
is one of ‘default’, ‘host’ or ‘network’.  
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inetaddress  
status  
is the internet address of the target host or network.  
is one of: ‘active’ or ‘passive’.  
Menu  
Network Configuration - Gateway - Change Gateway  
equivalent  
See also  
add gateway, delete gateway, show gateways  
set host  
user level: Use this command if you need to change the internet address of one of the hosts in  
admin  
Syntax  
your host table.  
set host hostname inetaddress  
Menu  
Network Configuration - Host Table - Change Host  
equivalent  
See also  
add host, delete host, show hosts  
set line  
user levels: Use this command to configure lines on the front-mounted RJ45 ports only. The  
admin,  
normal  
command cannot set:  
the Admin Port line configuration; this is fixed.  
An admin user can change the setup of any line; a normal user can change their own  
line only. On login connections, changes to the terminal type or number of video  
pages will take effect immediately. Other changes will take effect when a user next  
logs in on the line.  
Syntax  
set line line_number  
[speed speed]  
[parity parity]  
[stop stop-bits]  
[data data-bits]  
[flow flow-control]  
[pages pages]  
[termtype term-type]  
[dial dial-status]  
[user user-name]  
[nouser]  
[service line_service]....followed by (optionally)  
[raw/telnet/ssh][raw/telnet]  
[hostname][cs_port][host_port]  
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[phone_number phone-number]  
[modem_name modem-name]  
[idle_timer i-timer value]  
[session_timer s-timer value]  
[routing routing]  
[security security]  
[line_name line_name]  
Where:  
line_number  
may also be specified as ‘*’ for all lines or ‘.’ for the line currently being  
used.  
speed, parity, stop-bits, data-bits, flow control are standard line settings  
pages  
(for ‘cslogin’ line service) is the number of video pages the terminal  
supports.  
term-type  
dial-status  
user-name  
is the type of terminal attached to this line; e.g. ansi. Note this value will be  
ignored if you have set a termtype value using the command telnet.  
use when a modem is attached to a port; set to ‘in’ or ‘out’ (default none).  
Note that ‘dial-status’ is unrelated to the User ‘callback’ parameter.  
(for cslogin line service) can be used to dedicate the line to a specific  
user. Only this user will be able to log in on this line and they won’t need to  
enter their login name - just their password.  
nouser  
(for cslogin line service) nullifies the user argument; it enables any user  
to log in on this line.  
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line-service  
select from one of: cslogin, direct, silent, reverse, bidir, slip or ppp.  
for remote access connections, see Setting up the line on your Console Server  
on page 70,  
when you select ‘direct’, ‘silent’ or ‘reverse’, you must specify whether the  
line service is ‘raw’,‘telnet’or ‘ssh’; e.g. silent telnet.  
when you select ‘direct’, ‘silent’ or ‘bidir’, you must enter the target host  
name; e.g. sophocles.  
when you select ‘direct raw’, ‘silent raw’ or ‘bidir’, you must specify the  
TCP port assigned on the target host to listen for the incoming connection.  
when you select ‘reverse raw’ ‘reverse ssh’or ‘bidir’, you must specify the  
TCP port assigned to the unit’s port (that is the Console Server TCP port  
number). TCP/IP hosts will use this TCP port to establish a connection with  
the unit.  
phone-number a number which the unit will dial on that line, when ‘dial’ is set to ‘out’.  
Enter the number without spaces. To change the phone number overwrite the  
previous entry.  
modem-name  
is the name of the attached modem; e.g. usrobotics28.8, or a name you wish  
to use, e.g. modem 1. Do not enter spaces in the name; use the underscore  
_ character; e.g. us_robotics_28.8. You can enter a total of nineteen  
alphanumeric characters (including spaces).  
i-timer value  
enter a period in seconds for which the idle timer will run. Use this timer to  
close a connection because of inactivity. When the idle timer expires, if there  
has been no exchange of data, the unit will end the connection. The default  
value is 0 (zero), meaning that the idle timer will not expire (the connection is  
open permanently).  
This idle timer will be overridden by the idle timer which you can configure  
for a user; i.e. the user idle timer takes precedence.  
s-timer value  
enter a period in seconds for which the session timer will run. Use this timer  
to forcibly close the session (connection). When the session timer expires the  
unit will end the connection. The default value is 0 (zero), meaning that the  
session timer will not expire (the session is open permanently, or until you  
kill the line or you/the user log(s) out).  
This session timer will be overridden by the session timer which you can  
configure for a user; i.e. the user session timer takes precedence.  
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Routing  
security  
determines whether RIP packets are sent over SLIP/PPP connections. Can be  
set to None (off), send, listen or send & listen.  
This may be set to on or off to enable login/password authentication on  
reverse telnet and other reverse type connections. The unit's stored user  
database is always used for this authentication. The default setting is off.  
This parameter is only available from the CLI.  
line_name  
Name to help identify the line. Do not enter spaces.  
Any number or combination of the arguments can be used.  
Examples:  
set line  
set line  
set line  
6
3
9
service silent telnet plato  
service reverse raw 1000  
speed 38400 modem in service bidir  
homer 1000 900  
You can set all lines to the same parameters by using the * asterisk character, e.g.  
set line * speed 38400 dial in  
will set all lines to this speed and dial values.  
Line Configuration - Line Settings  
Menu  
equivalent  
See also  
show line, add modem,  
set location  
user level: This command enables you to configure the SNMP sysLocation object.  
admin  
Syntax  
set location location  
set contact, show snmp  
See also  
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set ppp line  
user level: Use this command to configure PPP on a line.  
admin  
syntax  
set ppp line line_number parameter  
where: line_number may also be specified as * for all lines, or . for the current in-use  
line.  
parameters are any from the list below:  
parameter syntax  
parameter name  
lipaddr  
local ip address  
ripaddr  
remote ip address  
subnet  
subnet mask  
accm  
asynchronous character control map  
maximum receive unit  
security  
mru  
security  
user  
user  
password  
ruser  
password  
remote user  
rpassword  
ac_comp  
proto_comp  
vj_comp  
magic_neg  
ipaddr_neg  
cr_tmout  
tr_tmout  
cr_retry  
tr_retry  
remote password  
address/control compression  
protocol compression  
VJ compression  
magic number negotiation  
ip address negotiation  
‘configure request’ timeout  
‘terminate request’ timeout  
‘configure request’ retries  
‘terminate request’ retries  
‘configure nak’ retries  
authentication timeout  
nak_retry  
auth_tmout  
The meanings and values of these parameters are explained in Introduction to SLIP and  
PPP connections on page 74.  
You can include multiple parameters in one line of syntax.  
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Menu  
Line Configuration - Line Settings  
equivalent  
See also  
show ppp line  
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set radius  
user level: Use this command to set RADIUS settings of the unit:  
admin  
Syntax  
set radius <parameter>  
Type a question mark ? at the command line prompt to see a list of the parameters. You  
can enter multiple parameters on one line.  
Menu  
radius configuration- radius settings  
equivalent  
See also  
add radius, show radius, set server  
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set server  
user level: Use this command to configure the home setup of the unit.  
admin  
Syntax  
set server  
[name server-name]  
[internet inet-address]  
[subnet subnet]  
[broadcast broadcast]  
[domain domain]  
[ip_host user-iphost]  
[authentication auth-method]  
[tftp retry retry-value]  
[tftp timeout timeout-value]  
[security security-status]  
[dhcp dhcp-status]  
[ssh-protocol ssh-protocol-status]  
[gui_access gui-status]  
[banner banner-status]  
[OEM-mode mode-flags]  
[services  
XXXX]  
[break on-off]  
[sshbreakstring string]  
Where:  
server-name  
inet-address  
subnet  
set or change the name of the unit. The name can be a maximum of 14 characters.  
After this action, you must reboot the unit; use the command reboot.  
set or change the internet address of the unit. After this action, you must reboot the  
unit afterwards; use the command ‘reboot’.  
set or change the subnet mask of your network. For information on the subnet mask  
parameter, see General installation procedure on page 24.  
broadcast  
set or change your broadcast address. Once you have entered an IP address and  
subnet mask, the broadcast address will default to the IP address with the host  
part(s) set to 255. After this action, you must reboot the unit; use the command  
reboot.  
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domain  
set or change your domain name. After this action, you must reboot the unit; use the  
command reboot.  
user-iphost  
the default ip host for all users who login to the unit. Enter an internet address in dot  
decimal notation; e.g. 192.101.34.202. The IP address entered here does not affect  
any line configuration.  
auth-method  
retry-value  
set the authentication method for users, when they login to the unit; the method is  
‘local’, ‘both’ or ‘radius’.  
is the number of times the unit will attempt to transfer (using tftp) a file to/from a host.  
Enter a value between 0 and 255. The default value is 5. A value of 0 means that the  
unit will not attempt a retry should tftp fail.  
timeout-value  
is the time in seconds the unit will wait for successful transmit or receipt of tftp packets  
before retrying a tftp transfer. Enter a value between 1 and 255. The default value is 3.  
security-status By enabling security, the CS9000 will restrict incoming connections to the source IP  
addresses that are configured host table. Regardless of the type of access (SNMP,  
reverse telnet, SSH, etc), all frames from any IP host NOT configured in the host  
table will be filtered/dropped if security is enabled. By not responding to  
unauthorised IP hosts (even pings), it prevents common IP/port mapping utilities  
from discovering the server's IP address and listening port information.  
dhcp-status  
By enabling dhcp, the Console Server allows a dhcp server to provide the  
configuration for the Console Server. The values are 'on' or 'off'; the default is 'off'  
(dhcp disabled).  
ssh-protocol-  
status  
By enabling the ssh protocol, you allow secure ssh connections to be established  
across the LAN to a port device. The values that ssh-protocol-status can be set to are  
"disabled", "ssh-1", "ssh-2" and "both (ssh-1+ssh-2)".  
By default, the ssh protocol is set to "disabled". By setting the ssh protocol to "ssh-  
1", ssh client connecting using SSH version 1 protocol will be allowed access.  
Encryption keys will only be generated for SSH version 1 which you will be  
prompted to generated. Similarly, encryption keys will only be generated for SSH  
version 2, when set to "ssh-2" and only ssh clients that connect using SSH version 2  
protocol will be allowed access. Both sets of keys will be generated when setting  
ssh-protocol-status to "both (ssh-1+ssh-2)" and will support both SSH version 1 and  
2 protocols.  
NOTE: generation of keys can takes several minutes depending upon the SSH  
version chosen. Key generation is only required once unless the Console Server is  
reset back to a factory default state.  
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gui-status  
use this parameter to control access to the unit’s graphical configuration programme,  
JETset .  
The default is ‘off’. When set to ‘on’ the user with username ‘admin’ can access the  
JETset program from a Web browser, using the unit’s internet address. Entry to the  
programme is controlled by password.  
If you are not using JETset to configure the unit, we suggest you set this parameter  
to ‘off’; access will be denied any person trying to connect to the unit.  
banner-status  
this parameter concerns the banner information (product name/software version).  
This banner information is presented to a user with a login prompt. For security  
reasons you may wish to turn off the display of this information. The choices are ON  
or OFF. The default is OFF.  
This parameter does not affect logins using Telnet/Rlogin or the Admin Port; in both  
these cases the banner information shall always be displayed.  
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OEM-mode  
The OEM_mode field is a 4 digit hexadecimal number. The number  
is defined as a bit field, each bit being a different option that is  
either enabled or disabled.  
The following options are currently used :-  
Bit Value Option  
0
1
Login prompt uses OEM1 string  
When set, and a custom language file is in use, the  
login prompt will use the string defined in the  
language file as the login prompt instead of the 'login: '  
default prompt.  
Note that this option applies to ealier versions of the  
software only.  
1
2
2
4
Bypass Password  
When set, authorised users who do not have a  
password set, with the exception of the admin account,  
WILL NOT be prompted for a password at login.  
Disable Routed  
When set, the routed process will not be started at boot  
time. Instead, a static route will be created using the  
first entry found in the gateways table that is set to  
type default.  
3
8
Telnetp Single Connection  
Sets all reverse connections ( raw and telnet ) to a one  
connection at a time mode. Server side applications  
will get a (socket) connection refused until :  
•
All data from precious connections on that serial  
port have drained;  
•
•
There are no other connections;  
A (upto) 1 second interconnection poll timer has  
expired.  
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OEMmode 8 also enables a per-connection keepalive  
TCP keepalive feature - after approx 3 minutes of  
network connection idle time, the connection will send  
a gratuitous ACK to the network peer – thus either  
ensuring the connection stays active OR causing a  
dropped connection condition to be recognised by the  
reverse raw service.  
Without OEM mode 8 set the software continues to  
work as before.  
Applications using OEM mode 8 need to be aware that  
there may be some considerable delay between a  
network disconnection and the port being available for  
the next connection attempt - this is to allow any data  
sent on prior connections to be transmitted out of the  
serial port. Application network retry logic needs to  
accommodate this feature.  
Bit Value Option  
4
10  
Send Break Option  
When set a port will allow the sending of a break  
signal through to attached device. This can be used in  
the Sun Server environment when the administrator  
needs to take the Sun Server to the OBP mode (Open  
Boot Prompt)  
The number entered into the OEM_mode field should  
be the sum of the required options values.  
ie. to just disable the routed process, enter 4, or to use  
the customised login prompt, and not prompt for  
password if a password has not been set, enter 3 (1+2)  
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services  
This command allows the ability to enable/disable  
specific processes in the Console Server.The services  
field is a 4 digit hexidecimal number. The number is  
defined as a bit field, each bit being a different process  
that is either enabled or disabled. By default, all  
processes are enabled with the flag set FFFF). This  
service flag will be saved when configuration is saved  
to FLASH.  
The following options can be used:  
Bit Value Option  
0
0001 DHCP Process  
The DHCP process will be enabled when service flag  
is set to 0001. Although DHCP is also controlled by  
the command 'set server DHCP <status>', this flag will  
be updated accordingly and vice versa.  
1
0002 ROUTE Process  
The ROUTE process will be enabled on well-know  
port 520 when service flag is set to 0002. ROUTE  
process can also be enabled/disabled by OEM_mode  
bit.  
2
3
4
0004 Telnet Process  
The Telnet process will be enabled on well-known port  
23 when the services flag is set to 0004.  
0008 SSH Process  
The SSH process will be enabled on well-known port  
22 when the services flag is set to 0008.  
0010 HTML Process  
The HTML process will be enabled on well-known  
port 80 when the services flag is set to 0010. Note that  
disabling the server's services flag for HTML process  
is different than GUI_ACCESS configuration in such  
that there will be no response from the server when the  
HTML process is disabled.  
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5
6
0020 SNMP Process  
The SNMP process will be enabled on well-known  
port 161 when the services flag is set to 0020.  
0040 SPCD Process  
The proprietary SPCD (Trueport) process will be  
enabled on port 668 when the services flag is set to  
0040.  
break  
The break option can be set to either on or off. This  
option will enable/disable proprietary inband SSH  
break signal processing as well as the existing Reverse  
Telnet break signal. The OEM_mode flag 0010 will be  
set/reset based upon this command. This configuration  
parameter will be saved when the configuration is  
saved to FLASH.  
sshbreakstring  
The sshbreakstring can be set up to 8 characters which  
defines the break string used for inband SSH break  
signal processing. The default is set to '~break', where  
~ is tilde. A break signal in generated on a specific  
serial port only when the server's break option is  
enabled and the user currently connected using reverse  
SSH has typed the break string exactly.  
Any combination of the arguments can be used. Examples:  
set server name stimpy  
set server name stimpy tftp retry 2  
set server internet 192.101.34.202 broadcast  
255.255.255.254 ip_host 72.96.0.2  
server configuration  
Menu  
equivalents  
network configuration  
See also  
show server, set date, set time, show hardware, reset factory  
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set slip line  
user level: Use this command to configure SLIP on a line.  
admin  
syntax  
set slip line line_number parameter  
where:  
line_number may also be specified as * for all lines, or . for the current in-use line.  
parameters are any from the list below:  
parameter syntax  
parameter name  
lipaddr  
local ip address  
ripaddr  
remote ip address  
subnet mask  
subnet  
mtu  
maximum transmission unit  
interactive priority  
transmit parameters  
suppress icmp  
priority  
transmit_parameters  
icmp_suppress  
vj_comp  
VJ compression  
The meanings and values of these parameters are explained in Introduction to SLIP and  
PPP connections on page 74.  
You can include multiple parameters in one line of syntax (up to a maximum of 100  
characters).  
Menu  
Line Configuration - Line Settings  
equivalent  
See also  
show slip line  
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set telnet  
user levels: Use this command to set telnet parameters on a line. It is available for line service  
admin  
types of:  
Direct telnet  
Silent Telnet  
This command also sets default telnet values when you telnet to a host using the cli  
command telnet.  
Syntax  
set telnet  
[line line_number]  
[termtype terminal-type]  
[echo  
value]  
[mapnl value]  
[mode  
[intr  
[quit  
[eof  
value]  
value]  
value]  
value]  
[erase value]  
[break value]  
Where:  
line_number  
terminal type  
is the serial line number connected; for example 3  
is your terminal type; for example wyse60. Note this value will be  
ignored if you have set a termtype value using the command  
telnet.  
echo  
mapnl  
mode  
intr  
on or off  
on or off  
on or off  
<hexadecimal>  
<hexadecimal>  
<hexadecimal>  
<hexadecimal>  
<hexadecimal>  
quit  
eof  
erase  
break  
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Note:  
echo, mapnl, mode, intr, quit, eof, erase and break are telnet options.  
not available in the text menus  
Menu  
equivalent  
See also  
show telnet, telnet  
set time  
user level: This command enables you to set the time in the unit. The time is used by the real-  
admin  
time clock. For more information on the real-time clock see Console Server, Setting  
date and time on page 64.  
Syntax  
set time hh:mm [:ss]  
for example; set time 11:23  
Optionally you can specify the number of seconds; e.g. set time 11:23.30  
Main Menu - hardware  
Menu  
equivalent  
See also  
set date, show time  
set user  
user levels: This command enables you to modify a user’s setup, including predefined sessions.  
admin,  
normal  
Syntax  
An admin user can change any user’s setup. A normal user can only change certain  
elements of their own setup, e.g. password and language.  
set user username/.  
[password]  
[level user-level]  
[switch switch_character]  
[service user-service]  
[ip-host iphost-address]  
[tcp_port t-port number]  
[callback callback-flag]  
[phone_number phone-number]  
[idle_timer i-timer value]  
[sess_timer s-timer value]  
[framed_ip f-ip address]  
[framed_netmask f-netmask]  
[framed_mtu f-mtu value]  
[framed_compression f-compression value]  
[session  
n
......]  
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Where:  
if you include this argument you will prompted to enter a new password.  
password  
user-level  
is ‘admin’, ‘normal’, ‘restricted’ or ‘menuing’.  
switch-  
character  
is the hex value of the ‘hot-key’ used for switching sessions.  
The default is 1 (^a).  
user-service  
select one of: csprompt, telnet, rlogin, tcp_clear, slip or ppp. For more information  
on these user services see Appendix E Summary of Line Service Types.  
iphost-address (use only when you have selected a service of ‘telnet’ or ‘rlogin’); select:  
0.0.0.0 for the unit to select the default host set for all users; see set server on page  
173.  
255.255.255.255 for the unit to prompt the user for the ip address or name of the  
host to which he/she wishes to connect  
n.n.n.n (where n is a number) for any other ip address of your choosing (as system  
administrator); e.g 192.65.144.6  
t-port number (use only when you have selected a user-service of ‘telnet’) enter the TCP port  
number of the host with which the unit should start the service. The default port is  
23; in most cases you can use the default value.  
callback-flag  
whether the unit calls the user back when he/she connects to the unit (a security  
feature). Set either ‘on’ or ‘off’ (default is ‘off’). When ‘on’, enter a phone  
number (see below).  
phone-number a number which the unit will dial to callback the user (you must have set  
‘callback’ to ‘on’). Enter the number without spaces. To change the phone number,  
overwrite the previous entry.  
i-timer value  
enter a period in seconds for which the idle timer will run. Use this timer to close a  
connection because of inactivity. When the idle timer expires, if there has been no  
exchange of data, the unit will end the connection. The default value is 0 (zero),  
meaning that the idle timer will not expire (the connection is open permanently).  
The maximum value is 232 seconds.  
The idle timer (here) will override the idle timer which you can configure for a  
line.  
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s-timer value  
enter a period in seconds for which the session timer will run. Use this timer to  
forcibly close a user’s session (connection). When the session timer expires the  
unit will end the connection. The default value is 0 (zero), meaning that the  
session timer will not expire (the session is open permanently, or until the user  
logs out). The maximum value is 232 seconds.  
The session timer (here) will override the session timer which you can configure  
for a line.  
f-ip address  
f-netmask  
use only when the user service field is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’;  
ignore this parameter; it is reserved for future use.  
f-mtu value  
use only when the user service field is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’;  
f-compression use only when the user service field is set to ‘slip’ or ‘ppp’;  
value  
session  
use this argument to predefine sessions for the user. You can predefine one  
specified session (n), or all sessions (*). It takes the arguments defined below:  
Session  
arguments  
... session n/* type telnet/rlogin host hostname  
[termtype termtype] [auto on/off] [echo on/  
off][mapnl on/off] [mode on/off] [intr <hex>]  
[quit <hex>] [eof <hex>] [erase <hex>][break  
<hex>]  
You must specify the type and hostname. The other arguments are  
optional. The arguments after auto are telnet options.  
You can use any number or combination of the arguments. Use the ? command to list  
the options for each one. An example is given below:  
set user julie level normal switch 02 session*  
type telnet host socrates termtype wyse60  
This command has set up four predefined telnet sessions on host socrates for user  
‘julie’.  
Notes  
You can set all users to the same parameters by using the * asterisk character, e.g.  
set user * level normal  
will set all users to this language value.  
Users - Change User/Set Password  
Menu  
equivalent  
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See also  
add user, netload, show user, delete user, show telnet  
show ARP  
This command is used to display the current ARP table. This is useful for diagnostic and  
debugging purposes.  
This parameter is only accessible from the unit's CLI.  
Syntax  
show arp  
See also  
delete ARP  
show date  
user levels: This command enables you to show the date in the unit; e.g.  
admin,  
normal  
date2/2/1999  
Syntax  
show date  
Menu  
Main Menu - hardware  
equivalent  
See also  
set date, set time, show time, show hardware  
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show gateways  
user levels: Use this command to list the gateways you have defined. The list will be displayed in  
admin,  
normal  
the following format:  
If you have not entered gateway information your command will be ignored; you will  
be presented with the unit prompt once more.  
Syntax  
show gateways  
Menu  
Network Configuration - Gateways - Change Gateway  
equivalent  
See also  
add gateway, delete gateway, set gateway  
show hardware  
user level: This command displays the hardware configuration of your unit. An example display  
admin,  
normal  
is:  
Syntax  
show hardware  
Menu  
Main Menu - Hardware  
equivalent  
See also  
set date, set time, show line  
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show hosts  
user levels: Use this command to list the contents of the host table:  
admin,  
normal  
Syntax  
show hosts  
Menu  
Network Configuration - Host Table - Change Host  
equivalent  
See also  
add host, delete host, set host  
show interfaces  
This command will show all lines with active SLIP or PPP links. It is useful for  
monitoring the status of dial-up lines. This parameter is only accessible from the unit's  
CLI.  
Syntax  
show interfaces  
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show line  
user levels: This command can be used to display the configuration of a single line or all lines,  
admin,  
normal  
of the front-mounted serial RJ45 ports only. Admin users can show all lines, normal  
users can only display the configuration of their own line. The command does not show :  
the Admin Port line configuration; this is fixed.  
For a single line the display will look similar to this:  
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If you specify all lines, the display will look similar to this:  
Note that the user shown in the right-hand column is the ‘current user’ i.e. the user  
currently logged in on that line. ‘Nouser’ means there is not a user currently logged in.'In  
use' means the line is in use but line security is off so no the user can be identified  
The security status for an individual line can be determined from the show line display.  
"Security=on" indicates that security is enabled for the particular line and  
"Security=off" indicates security is disabled for the line.  
Syntax  
show line line_number  
Where line_number is :  
.
the current line.  
a specific line number.  
all lines  
n
*
Menu  
Line Configuration - Line Settings  
equivalent  
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See also  
set line, show user  
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show modems  
user levels: Use this command to show modem details held by the unit.  
admin,  
normal  
Syntax  
show modem  
This will show (for example):  
name  
initialisation  
string  
Hayes  
US Robotics  
Courier  
Menu  
Line Configuration - Modems - Change Modem  
equivalent  
See also:  
add modem, delete modem, show line  
Note  
To change modem details in the cli you must ‘delete’ the modem, then ‘add’ it again,  
with the changed details.  
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show ppp line  
user levels: Use this command to show the PPP configuration of a line. Admin users can show all  
admin,  
normal  
lines; users with normal level privileges can only display the configuration of their own  
line.  
For example:  
syntax  
show ppp line line_number  
where:  
line_number may also be specified as * for all lines, or . for the current in-use line.  
parameters are any from the list shown in the next table:  
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parameter syntax  
parameter name  
lipaddr  
ripaddr  
subnet  
accm  
local ip address  
remote ip address  
subnet mask  
asynchronous character  
control map  
mru  
maximum receive unit  
security  
security  
user  
user  
password  
ruser  
password  
remote user  
rpassword  
ac_comp  
proto_comp  
vj_comp  
magic_neg  
ipaddr_neg  
cr_tmout  
tr_tmout  
cr_retry  
remote password  
address/control compression  
protocol compression  
VJ compression  
magic number negotiation  
ip address negotiation  
‘configure request’ timeout  
‘terminate request’ timeout  
‘configure request’ retries  
‘terminate request’ retries  
‘configure nak’ retries  
authentication timeout  
tr_retry  
nak_retry  
auth_tmout  
The meanings and values of these parameters are explained in Introduction to SLIP and  
PPP connections on page 74.  
Menu  
Line Configuration - Line Settings  
equivalent  
See also  
set ppp line  
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show radius  
user levels: Use this command to check the RADIUS settings of the unit:  
admin,  
normal  
Syntax  
show radius  
The output of this command are the RADIUS settings of the unit (e.g.):  
For details of these parameters, see Console Server, RADIUS configuration on page 51.  
radius configuration - radius settings  
Menu  
equivalent  
See also  
add radius, set radius, set server  
show routes  
user levels: Use this command to give you a better understanding of your network. It will also show  
admin,  
normal  
a single passive gateway configured using bootp. Below is an example:  
Syntax  
show routes  
Menu  
there is no menu equivalent  
equivalent  
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Note  
See also  
this command is synonymous with the ‘netstat -r’ command on most Unix systems.  
See the manpages (type “man netstat” on your Unix system for more information).  
-
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show server  
user levels: This command displays the base configuration of the unit, for example:  
admin,  
normal  
Fields which are unconfigured will not appear in the list on your screen.  
Syntax  
show server  
Menu  
server configuration  
equivalent  
See also  
set server, show hardware  
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show slip line  
user levels: Use this command to show the SLIP configuration of a line. Admin users can show all  
admin,  
normal  
lines; users with normal level privileges can only display the configuration of their own  
line.  
For example:  
syntax  
show slip line line_number  
where  
:line_number may also be specified as * for all lines, or . for the current in-use line.  
parameters are any from the list below:  
parameter syntax  
parameter name  
lipaddr  
local ip address  
ripaddr  
remote ip address  
subnet mask  
subnet  
mtu  
maximum transmission unit  
interactive priority  
transmit parameters  
suppress icmp  
priority  
transmit_parameters  
icmp_suppress  
vj_comp  
VJ compression  
The meanings and values of these parameters are explained in Introduction to SLIP and  
PPP connections on page 74.  
Menu  
Line Configuration - Line Settings  
equivalent  
See also  
set slip line  
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show snmp  
user levels: This command shows the configuration of the unit for SNMP support; for example:  
admin,  
normal  
Syntax  
show snmp  
Menu  
network configuration - snmp  
equivalent  
See also  
add community, add trap, set contact, set location  
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show telnet  
user levels: Use this command to show telnet parameters on a line. Note that telnet parameters  
admin,  
normal  
shown here apply only to line service types of:  
Direct telnet  
Silent telnet  
The command also shows telnet parameters entered using the command set telnet.  
Syntax  
show telnet line line_number  
Where:  
line_number  
is the serial line number connected  
Menu  
not available in the text menus  
equivalent  
See also  
set telnet  
show time  
user levels: This command enables you to show the time as measured by the real-time clock in  
admin,  
normal  
the unit; e.g.  
time11:04:32  
Syntax  
show time  
Menu  
Main Menu - hardware  
equivalent  
See also  
set date, set time, show date, show hardware  
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show user  
user levels: Use this command to display a user’s setup, including predefined sessions. The  
admin,  
normal  
admin user can show details of any user, a normal user can only view their own  
details:  
Syntax  
show user ./username  
Where:  
.
specifies the current user.  
username  
is the name of a specific user.  
Menu  
Admin user: Users - Change User.  
equivalent Normal user: Sessions - Set Up User  
See also  
set user  
start  
all users  
Use this command to start a predefined session. This is a particularly important  
command for restricted users who can only start sessions predefined for them by  
system administrator. If you are using telnet, the target host will prompt you for your  
login name. If you are using rlogin, the host will prompt you for your password. If  
you are using rlogin and your unit’s login name is entered in the ‘rhost’ file of the  
target login directory, you will be logged straight in.  
Syntax  
start  
n
Where n is the predefined session that you want to start.  
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Menu  
Sessions - Start Predefined Session  
equivalent  
See also  
resume  
telnet  
user levels: This command establishes a connection with another host on the network using the  
admin,  
normal  
telnet protocol. You must specify the target host but the other arguments (such as  
echo, mapnl, mode, etc.) are optional. If you do not specify the other arguments the  
line telnet values will be used (values set/shown in set telnet or show  
telnet)  
If you do specify arguments such as echo, mapnl, mode, etc. the values you enter will  
override the line telnet values. Note that your values (specified here using the  
telnet command) expire when your telnet session is finished; values set/shown in  
set telnet or show telnet can be saved permanently.  
When the connection is made you will be prompted for your login name.  
Syntax  
telnet hostname/inetaddress port [termtype  
termtype]  
on/off]  
[echo on/off] [mapnl on/off] [mode  
[intr <hex>] [quit <hex>] [eof <hex>]  
[erase <hex>] [break <hex>]  
Where:  
hostname/  
is the name or internet address of the machine you want to log into  
inetaddress  
termtype  
is your terminal type. This argument enables you to pass your terminal  
type to the host. When connecting to a UNIX host, you must define the  
termtype in accordance with its UNIX TERM variable.  
The termtype argument overrides a termtype value entered into the unit  
when using the set line or set telnet commands.  
echo, mapnl, etc. these are telnet options. They set values once only, for the duration of a  
single telnet connection. See comments under telnet on page 201 above.  
Menu  
Users - Set Sessions (to set default values)  
equivalent  
See also  
or  
Sessions - Start telnet (to use or override default values)  
resume, rlogin, set telnet, show telnet, start  
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version  
user levels: This command tells you what version of software your unit is running.  
admin,  
normal  
Syntax  
version  
Menu  
Version of software is displayed at the top of any menu display, e.g.  
equivalent  
user [admin]  
xxxxxx 2.00 i.1  
telnet 1  
The text in the middle of the line ( xxxxxx) will display the name of your product.  
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A p p e n d i x C S N M P  
You need to You need to read this appendix if you want information on the Console Server  
read this  
support of SNMP.  
appendix if  
you want to...  
This appendix describes the Console Server support of SNMP.  
This appendix includes the following sections;  
•
•
•
•
•
Overview on page 204  
Configuring SNMP support on page 205  
Summary of objects in the private MIB on page 207  
Private MIB definitions on page 209  
Network management on page 213.  
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Overview  
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol for access and  
control of network management information on TCP/IP networks. Console Server  
(the ‘unit’) provides an SNMP agent, able to respond to SNMP requests generated by  
SNMP Managers. The unit’s implementation of SNMP is compatible with MIB II  
(RFC 1213) as specified by the SNMP SMI document (RFC1155). For a full  
description of SNMP, refer to your SNMP documentation.  
Enterprise-specific parameters are defined by the unit’s Private MIB, known as the  
Console Server Private MIB. Summary of objects in the private MIB on page 207  
gives a summary of the objects defined by this MIB. The full version of the MIB is in  
on page 209.  
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Configuring SNMP support  
To configure for SNMP support proceed as follows;  
1. From the Main Menu select ‘network configuration’ and then ‘snmp’.  
cli syntax: 2. Select ‘snmp contact information’ to configure the SNMP sysContact and  
set contact  
set location  
sysLocation objects; an example screen is shown below:  
add trap  
delete trap  
3. Select ‘edit traps’ to create up to four trap communities; an example screen is  
shown below:  
SNMP Trap messages generated by the unit will only be broadcast to hosts defined  
by SNMP Trap communities.( note that the unit generates no enterprise specific  
traps).  
add  
community  
delete  
4. Select ‘edit communities’ to create up to four communities; an example screen is  
shown below:  
community  
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The unit’s SNMP Agent will only provide information to hosts defined by an SNMP  
community.  
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Summary of objects in the private MIB  
OBJECT  
ADDRESS  
TYPE  
PERMISSIONS  
NAME  
ServerInfo  
freeSpace  
swVersion  
serverName  
domaiName  
portsInfo  
portsNumber  
portsInfoTable 1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2  
portsInfoEntry 1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.1  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.1.1  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.1.2  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.1.3  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.1.4  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.1  
Aggregate  
Guage  
not-accessible  
read-only  
read-only  
read-only  
read-only  
not-accessible  
read-only  
not-accessible  
not-accessible  
read-only  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-write  
read-only  
read-only  
read-only  
read-write  
read-write  
read-only  
read-only  
read-only  
read-only  
DisplayString  
DisplayString  
DisplayString  
Aggregate  
INTEGER  
Aggregate  
Aggregate  
portId  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.1 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.2 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.3 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.4 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.5 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.6 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.7 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.8 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.9 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.10 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.11 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.12 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.13 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.14 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.15 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.16 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.17 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.18 INTEGER  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.19 Counter  
terminalType  
baudRate  
dataBits  
parity  
stopBits  
pages  
defaultUser  
validUser  
dial  
flowControl  
service  
hostPort  
localPort  
host  
pinDCD  
pinDTR  
pinRTS  
charSends  
charReceiveds 1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.20 Counter  
phoneNumber 1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.21 DisplayString  
modemName 1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.22 DisplayString  
idleTimer  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.23 INTEGER  
SessionTimer 1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.24 INTEGER  
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OBJECT  
NAME  
lineName  
ADDRESS  
TYPE  
PERMISSIONS  
read-only  
1.3.6.1.4.1.667.3.2.2.1.25 DisplayString  
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Private MIB definitions  
OBJECT TYPE SYNTAX  
ACCESS  
STATUS  
DEFINITION  
ServerName  
freeSpace  
DisplayString  
Read-write  
Read-only  
Mandatory The hostname of the unit  
Gauge  
Mandatory The amount of free  
memory available on the  
unit  
swVersion  
serverInfo  
DisplayString  
ServerInfo  
Read-only  
Mandatory The software version  
number  
Not accessible Mandatory A list of objects relating to  
general server  
information  
domainName  
portsNumber  
portsInfoTable  
portsInfoEntry  
DisplayString  
INTEGER  
Read-write  
Read-only  
Mandatory The domain name of the  
unit  
Mandatory The number of ports on  
the unit  
SEQUENCE of  
PortsInfoEntry  
Not accessible Mandatory The serial ports info table  
PortsInfoEntry  
Not accessible Mandatory An entry in the  
PortsInfoTable, relating to  
a port  
portID  
INTEGER  
Read-only  
Mandatory An index that uniquely  
identifies the port; starts  
from 1 and must be less  
than or equal to 24  
terminalType  
INTEGER {  
wyse60(1)  
vt100(2)  
ansi(3)  
Read-write  
Mandatory The terminal type of the  
port  
dumb(4)  
term1(5)  
term2(6)  
term3(7)  
}
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OBJECT TYPE SYNTAX  
ACCESS  
STATUS  
DEFINITION  
baudRate  
INTEGER {  
b75(1)  
Read-write  
Mandatory The baud rate of the port  
b300(2)  
b600(3)  
b1200(4)  
b1800(5)  
b2400(6)  
b4800(7)  
b9600(8)  
b19200(9)  
b38400(10)  
b57600(11)  
b115200(12)  
b230400(13)  
}
dataBits  
parity  
INTEGER {  
d5(1)  
d6(2)  
d7(3)  
d8(4)  
}
Read-write  
Read-write  
Mandatory The number of databits of  
the port  
INTEGER {  
none (1)  
odd (2)  
even (3)  
}
Mandatory The parity of the port  
stopBits  
pages  
INTEGER {  
s1 (1)  
s2 (2)  
}
Read-write  
Read-write  
Mandatory The number of stop bits  
of the port  
INTEGER {  
p1 (1)  
p2 (2)  
p3 (3)  
p4 (4)  
p5 (5)  
p6 (6)  
p7 (7)  
}
Mandatory The number of pages of  
the port  
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OBJECT TYPE SYNTAX  
ACCESS  
STATUS  
DEFINITION  
defaultUser  
INTEGER  
Read-write  
Mandatory The default user of the  
port  
validUser  
INTEGER {  
no (1)  
yes (2)  
}
Read-write  
Read-write  
Mandatory Is there a default user  
user of the port ?  
dial  
INTEGER {  
none (1)  
in (2)  
Mandatory The dial status of the port  
out (3)  
}
flowControl  
INTEGER {  
none (1)  
soft (2)  
hard (3)  
both (4)  
}
Read-write  
Read-write  
Mandatory The flow control being  
used on the port  
service  
INTEGER {  
cslogin(1)  
Mandatory The type of connection  
being used on the port  
directraw (2)  
silentraw (3)  
directtelnet (4)  
silenttelnet (5)  
reversetelnet (6)  
reverseraw (7)  
bidir (8)  
directlogin (9)  
silentlogin (10)  
slip (11)  
ppp (12)  
reverseshh(13)  
}
hostPort  
localPort  
host  
INTEGER  
INTEGER  
INTEGER  
Read-write  
Read-write  
Read-write  
Mandatory The host TCP port of the  
port  
Mandatory The local TCP port  
assigned to the port  
Mandatory The host for virtual  
connections  
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OBJECT TYPE SYNTAX  
ACCESS  
STATUS  
DEFINITION  
pinDCD  
INTEGER {  
off (1)  
Read-only  
Mandatory The current status of the  
port’s DCD pin.  
on (2)}  
pinDTR  
INTEGER {  
off (1)  
on (2)}  
Read-only  
Read-only  
Read-write  
Read-only  
Mandatory The current status of the  
port’s DTR pin.  
pinRTS  
INTEGER {  
off (1)  
on (2)}  
Mandatory The current status of the  
port’s RTS pin.  
charSends  
Counter  
Mandatory The (resettable) count of  
the number of characters  
sent through the port  
charReceiveds Counter  
Mandatory The (resettable) count of  
the number of characters  
received by the port  
phoneNumber  
modemName  
DisplayString  
Read-only  
Read-only  
Mandatory The phone number used  
for this port  
DisplayString  
Mandatory The modem name used  
for this port  
idleTimer  
INTEGER  
INTEGER  
Read-only  
Read-only  
Mandatory The idle timer for this port  
sessionTimer  
Mandatory The session timer for this  
port  
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Network management  
If you have separate network management software you can interrogate and configure  
the unit using SNMP. For example, using CastleRock Computing’s SNMPc program  
running on a Windows PC/host, configuration screens you might see are shown below:  
Editing the  
RFC1213  
MIB  
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Editing the  
MIB  
Routing  
information  
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A p p e n d i x D U p g r a d i n g y o u r  
f i r m w a r e  
You need to You need to read this appendix if you want information on upgrading the Console  
read this  
Server firmware.  
appendix if  
you want to...  
This appendix provides task orientated information on upgrading the Console Server  
firmware.  
This appendix includes the following sections;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction on page 216  
Saving your existing Configuration on page 217  
Using BOOTP from a boothost on page 220  
Upgrade using JETset, the web browser interface on page 221  
Enabling BOOTP/DHCP after upgrading software on page 221  
Disable BOOTP/DHCP on page 221  
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Introduction  
If you have been supplied with a software upgrade this appendix shows you how to  
install it.  
To check the version of software your unit is running see the information displayed at  
the top of any menu display, that is:  
user [admin]  
xxxxxx 1.0  
telnet 1  
Compare this with the version number of software which you have obtained. If you  
have a more recent version of software, you should install it.  
There are three methods for upgrading the software in the unit:  
•
Using the administrative Command Line Interface (CLI) on the unit (see Using  
TFTP from a host on page 217).  
•
•
Using a BOOTP server (see Using BOOTP from a boothost on page 220)  
Using the JETset web configuration tool (see Upgrade using JETset, the web  
browser interface on page 221).  
The method you choose will depend on how you operate your unit.  
Before you upgrade the software on your Console Server unit we recommend you save  
the existing configuration information to a network file server.  
In all cases the software upgrade process requires that the software has been installed to  
a readable directory on a network fileserver and that the TFTP service has been enabled.  
The unit’s FLASH firmware can be identified by the file name and type and will always  
be of the form: xxxxxvXXX.cfg, where  
xxxxx is the product type, here Console Server, and  
XXX is the firmware version number.  
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Saving your existing Configuration  
Saving the existing configuration will allow the configuration information in the unit to  
be restored at a later date.  
Note  
Upgrading the software on the unit does not alter the stored configuration  
information which will be preserved during the upgrade.  
The procedure requires the presence of a write enabled empty file on a suitable network  
fileserver. The fileserver must have the TFTP (Trivial File Transport Protocol) service  
enabled and running.  
Example of saving a configuration file  
The following is a example of how to save the configuration of a Console Server on a  
UNIX fileserver called BIGSERVER, the file will be saved to the file /home/xxxxx/  
xxxxx.cfg.  
In this example the administrator issues the CLI command:  
netsave configuration BIGSERVER /home/xxxxx/xxxxx.cfg  
Using TFTP from a host  
1. Place the new software file on a host machine. Ensure the file has global read/  
execute permissions for its entire path.  
cli syntax: 2. Exit the menus and go into the CLI. Type:  
netload  
netload software <hostname> <filename>  
software  
3. Press <return>. The Console Server will download the new software file using  
TFTP.  
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TFTP configuration  
cli syntax: You can configure TFTP in the Console Server (the ‘unit’). It is used for transferring  
set server tftpfiles to/from a host; the files could be, for example, configuration, new software or  
custom language files. From the Network Configuration Menu, select ‘tftp’; you should  
see the following:  
tftp  
retry [5  
timeout[3  
]
]
retry  
should tftp fail, retry is the number of retries the unit will make to  
transfer a file to/from a host. Enter a value between 0 and 255. The  
default value is 5. A value of 0 means that the unit will not attempt a  
retry.  
timeout  
is the time in seconds the unit will wait for successful transmit or  
receipt of tftp packets before retrying a transfer. Enter a value between  
1 and 255. The default value is 3.  
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Writing to FLASH memory  
The Console Server will load the software into RAM, perform checks, and then write  
the software into FLASH memory. The writing to FLASH will take a few minutes and  
during this time the unit will not respond to user input. While the new software is being  
loaded into FLASH memory, the power and network LEDs on the front of the unit  
display a pattern.  
WARNING  
do not turn the power off/on while the unit is writing to FLASH memory  
pattern of  
Console  
Server LEDs  
during load  
of software  
into FLASH  
This pattern is repeated approximately once per second.  
The Network LED flickers green if network traffic is identified on the network ports.  
The pattern on each LED is repeated approximately once per second.  
reboot  
When the software has finished downloading you must reboot the unit. To do this, type  
the command:  
reboot  
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Using BOOTP from a boothost  
When installing with BOOTP, the SW_FILE parameter in your BOOTFILE will need  
to be changed to point to the new software image. We recommend that you keep the  
name of the image file as supplied as this will guarantee that the software is recognised  
as a new version by the existing software installation.  
Reboot your unit. The new software will download and write to FLASH memory, see  
Writing to FLASH memory on page 219. You can monitor the progress of this operation  
with a terminal (or terminal emulation) connected to the Admin port at the rear of the  
unit.  
WARNING  
DO NOT SWITCH OFF THE UNIT whilst the unit is programming the FLASH memory.  
You can use BOOTP to compare a software version placed on the boot host and one  
loaded in the Console Server; if there is a newer version on the host, it will be  
downloaded to the unit.  
For a full description of how to use BOOTP to download a new software file from a host,  
see Console Server, Section Appendix F BOOTP.  
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Upgrade using JETset, the web browser  
interface  
1. Start JETset by pointing your network browser at the Internet Address of your the  
unit.  
2. Log in as the Admin user and select file transfer from the main menu.  
3. Complete the file transfer form by selecting software download from the pull-  
down menu, and completing the internet address of the TFTP server and the  
download software image filename.  
4. Select save from the main menu to start the download process. Your browser may  
ask you to confirm this action before the download will start.  
The new software will download and written to FLASH memory, see Writing to FLASH  
memory on page 219. You can monitor the progress of this operation with a terminal (or  
terminal emulation) connected to the Admin port at the rear of the unit.  
WARNING  
DO NOT SWITCH OFF THE UNIT whilst the unit is programming the FLASH memory.  
Enabling BOOTP/DHCP after upgrading  
software  
If you require automatic BOOTP/DHCP configuration, be sure to set the server DHCP  
parameter to ON:  
set server dhcp on  
Save the configuration:  
Save  
Disable BOOTP/DHCP  
The server parameter DHCP is used to disable BOOTP/DHCP (set server dhcp on/off ).  
Setting DHCP to OFF prevents the unit from initiating a BOOTP/DHCP request. This  
parameter is only accessible from the CLI.  
RARP is unaffected by this parameter.  
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After any software upgrade you should always check that DHCP is set to ON if you  
require BOOTP/DHCP to configure your unit.  
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A p p e n d i x E S u m m a r y o f L i n e  
S e r v i c e T y p e s  
You need to You need to read this appendix if you want a summary of line service types for the  
read this  
Console Server.  
appendix if  
you want to...  
This appendix provides a list of line service types for the Console Server.  
This appendix includes the following sections;  
•
List of line service types on page 224.  
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List of line service types  
When you are configuring a line on the Console Server (the ‘unit’) you will find a  
parameter for a line called ‘service’. The detail of types of line service available are  
shown below.  
Note  
do not confuse line ‘service’ with user ‘service’. User ‘service’ is a completely  
different parameter from line ‘service’ and is used by the unit in different ways.  
Line  
Service  
Type  
Description/Uses  
Example  
Bidir  
Allows a bidirectional modem  
connection on a port  
A UUCP connection for batch file  
transfer and printing.  
Direct  
telnet  
When using the unit as a Serial Users on terminals.  
Server, to bypass the unit and  
or rlogin  
allow users to login straight into  
a specific host. These are non-  
permanent connections  
Direct Raw Enables external non-login  
devices to access TCP/IP  
servers via the unit.  
On dialin connections: user applications  
for devices such as bar code readers  
and smart cards.  
No authentication will take place.  
The connection is set up from  
the unit to a TCP/IP network host  
(the opposite of Reverse Raw).  
These connections are  
established by pressing  
<return>.  
cslogin  
The default connection.  
a) System administrator to do unit  
The unit presents a login on that configuration  
line.  
b) Users to starting the unit’s sessions to  
hosts.  
c) Providing authentication of a user  
before starting a user ‘service’ of SLIP  
PPP  
a) Remote access connection  
b) Using the unit as a router (two  
units back-to-back)  
A mobile employee  
Joining together two networks  
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Line  
Service  
Type  
Description/Uses  
Example  
Reverse  
Raw  
Simple pipe between a TCP/IP To access printers or dialout modems  
host and a machine/device  
attached to a port on the unit.  
The connection is set up from  
the TCP/IP host on the local  
network to the unit (the opposite  
of Direct Raw and Silent Raw).  
(with separate host-based print/modem  
handling software).  
Reverse  
Telnet  
Enables a TCP/IP host to  
establish a login connection on firewalls, servers and so on.  
To access machines like routers,  
(Default)  
an external machine attached to  
a port  
Silent  
telnet  
or rlogin  
When using the unit as a  
Terminal Server, to bypass the  
unit and allow users to login  
straight into a specific host.  
These are permanent  
Users on terminals.  
connections, therefore consume  
system resources  
Reverse  
SSH  
Enables a SSH secure  
connection to establish a login machines like servers, routers, firewalls  
Secure remote connection to access  
connection on an external  
machine attached to a port.  
etc.  
Silent Raw Enables external non-login  
Dialin connection from an external host  
devices to access TCP/IP hosts machine.  
via the unit. The connection is  
set up from the unit to a TCP/IP  
network host on the local  
network (the opposite of  
Reverse Raw). These  
connections are established  
automatically; they are suitable  
for computer to computer  
communications.  
SLIP  
a) Remote access connection  
b) Using the unit as a router (two  
units back-to-back)  
A mobile employee  
Joining together two networks  
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A p p e n d i x F B O O T P  
You need to You need to read this appendix if you require information about BOOTP for the  
read this  
Console Server.  
appendix if  
you want to...  
This appendix provides information about BOOTP for the Console Server.  
This appendix includes the following sections;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction on page 228  
How BOOTP works on page 229  
How to setup BOOTP on page 231  
BOOTP messages output to screen on page 236  
Disabling the BOOTP reply on page 236  
Booting multiple units on page 238  
Multiple BOOTP servers on page 240  
Example of BOOTP on page 240.  
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Introduction  
You can use BOOTP to perform the following actions on a single or multiple Console  
Server (the ‘unit(s)’)s on its/their boot-up:  
•
•
auto-configure with minimal information; e.g. only an ip address  
auto-configure with basic setup information (ip address, subnet mask, broadcast  
address, etc.)  
•
•
download a new version of software  
download a full configuration profile (saved from another unit)  
BOOTP is particularly useful for multiple installations: you can do all the unit’s  
configuration in one BOOTP file, rather than configure each unit manually.  
Another advantage of BOOTP is that you can connect a unit to the network, turn on its  
power and let auto-configuration take place. All the configuration is carried out for you  
during the BOOTP process.  
The the unit’s implementation of BOOTP is compatible with RFC 951.  
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How BOOTP works  
On bootup or power-up, the unit will send a broadcast request to the BOOTP server(s)  
on the network. The request contains the ethernet address of the unit; it asks for network  
configuration details (internet address, subnet mask, etc.). This process is shown on  
page 229.You can stop the BOOTP server from replying to the unit; see page 236.  
BOOTP  
request and  
response  
The BOOTP server checks the ethernet address and looks for a matching address in its  
bootptab file:  
If a matching ethernet address is found the BOOTP server will reply to the unit; the  
reply will contain network configuration information. This information is listed in  
the bootptab file for that particular unit (identified by its hardware address). The unit  
then boots using the information sent to it. If no matching ethernet address is found  
the BOOTP server does not reply; the unit boots from internal memory.  
The BOOTP response contains network configuration information; e.g. ip address,  
subnet mask, broadcast address. It may also contain details of a bootfile (not  
mandatory).  
A bootfile (if you specify one) contains a unit’s specific boot information; e.g.  
authentication method of users, access permission for the GUI. It may also contain  
details of other files (not mandatory); e.g. software version, language files and a  
general configuration file.  
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A configuration file (if you specify one) contains general configuration parameters;  
these parameters will have been created from another unit and saved to a file.  
In the bootp response the minimum parameters to specify are :ht and :ha  
There is no minimum number of parameters to specify in the bootfile or  
configuration file; unspecified parameters will remain unchanged in the unit’s  
memory.  
After processing the BOOTP response the unit will download additional files.If a  
bootfile is specified, the unit will then download that bootfile (using tftp). If the bootfile  
specifies other files e.g. a software file, the unit will compare that filename with the  
filename in its memory; if it has changed the unit will then download that other file using  
tftp. If the filename has not changed the unit will not download it.  
Note  
In the bootp response you do not have to specify a bootfile. In the bootfile you do  
not have to specify other files, such as the software file. If you wish, you can make  
an entry in the bootptab file only.  
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How to setup BOOTP  
Your nominated BOOTP server should be on the same network as the unit(s). The  
BOOTP server can also be on a different segment of the same network, provided that  
segment is connected by a bridge.  
You can locate your BOOTP server on another network to the unit; this means that the  
bootp request and replies have to pass through a router or gateway. You must configure  
your router or gateway:  
•
•
to pass through BOOTP requests and replies  
for RIP  
Note that if you have an existing unit, you do not have to enter the details of the gateway  
or router into the unit before using bootp. Details of gateways or routers pre-configured  
in the unit will be ignored during the bootp process.  
The bootptab file entry  
Find the bootptab file on the host; on UNIX systems the bootptab file is usually file /etc/  
bootptab. Make an entry for the unit; an example for a single unit is shown at bootptab  
file entry for a single unit on page 231 on page 231. An example for multiple units is  
shown at bootptab file entry for multiple units on page 238.  
bootptab file  
entry for a  
single unit  
xxxxxx_blue:\  
:ht=1:\  
:ha=0080ba000057:\  
:ip=192.101.34.211:\  
:ds=192.65.144.44:\  
:sm=255.255.255.224:\  
:hn:\  
:bf=/tmp/xxxxxxp.bfc:\  
:dn=xxxx.co.uk:\  
:gw=192.101.35.254  
This entry should include the ethernet address of the unit. Other standard BOOTP tags  
which the unit supports are listed below, together with the unit’s interpretation:  
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ht (hardware type) set to 1 (=10Mb ethernet).  
ha (hardware address) the ethernet address of the unit.  
ip (internet address) enter the ip address to assign to the unit.  
sm (subnet mask) enter the subnet mask of the unit.  
hn (host name) enter as :hn:\ which causes the name at the start of the  
file (Console Server_blue) to be allocated to this unit.  
bf (bootfile name) enter the name of the file containing specific  
configuration information; see An example bootfile on page 234.  
ds (domain servers)enter the ip address of up to two nameservers.  
gw (gateway)enter the ip address of a single passive gateway  
Caution  
use the ‘gw’ flag only in very specific circumstances; see Note 5. below.  
Notes on the above BOOTP tags:  
1. Specify the fields that you wish; you do not have to specify all of them. E.g. if you  
wish to download only the internet address to the unit, specify the ip field (you  
must specify - as a minimum - the ha and ht fields).  
2. If the subnet mask (sm) has not been explicitly specified by a BOOTPREPLY  
packet, it will be derived from the class of internet address.  
3. If domain name servers are specified their port number will always be set to the  
default for a name server (53).  
4. If you require a bootfile (bf) it must be on the same host as the bootptab file entry.  
5. include the gw (gateway) flag only if your BOOTP server is on a different  
network and your gateway (or router) is not configured to support RIP.  
The effect of using the ‘gw’ field is:  
- to make only this gateway available in the unit; it will be a passive gateway. You  
can view the details of the gateway only in the cli, using the ‘show routes’  
command.  
- to turn off RIP in the unit; i.e. the unit will ignore RIP messages broadcast on the  
network  
- the unit will ignore gateways pre-configured in the unit or added after boot-up. It  
will respond only to the single gateway.  
- you delete the gateway as follows: omit the ‘gw’ field in the bootptab file entry  
and re-boot the unit. You can now add/configure active and passive gateways into  
the unit.  
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Gateways are detailed in Section Chapter 2 Installation.  
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The bootfile  
If you wish to download basic configuration information to the unit you must create  
a bootfile. This file is a text file formatted in a particular style; an example is shown  
at An example bootfile on page 234.  
Note  
An example  
bootfile  
The bootfile must be located on the same host as the bootptab file  
# cat xxxxxxp.bfc  
SW_FILE192.65.144.95:/src/pscx/sw/xxxxxx.bin  
CONFIG_FILE192.65.144.95:/src/pscx/cfg/jconfig.0183  
GUI_ACCESSyes  
AUTH_TYPE0  
IP_HOST192.101.34.199  
SECURITYno  
TFTP_RETRY3  
TFTP_TMOUT21  
EXTRA_TERM1192.65.144.95:/src/pscx/et/et1.0183  
EXTRA_TERM2192.65.144.95:/src/pscx/et/et2.0183  
EXTRA_TERM3192.65.144.95:/src/pscx/et/et3.0183  
#
Notes on the above example:  
1. The bootfile can have line entries for other files, e.g. a software or configuration  
file. The unit will download these files only if the filename has changed (excludes  
the pathname).  
2. The format of each line entry in the file is:  
PARAMETER_NAME <white space> parameter value  
<carriage return/line feed>  
3. The parameter name must be in UPPER CASE and match exactly the strings  
shown in An example bootfile on page 234; e.g. AUTH_TYPE.  
4. An explanation of these parameters is shown in Bootfile parameters on page 235.  
5. Include only those parameters which you want to configure. For example you  
may not wish to download a configuration file, so omit the line beginning  
CONFIG_FILE (or precede the line with a hash # character).  
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6. If a domain name and nameserver are configured, either in the bootptab entry or  
in the unit’s memory, you can replace ip addresses with hostnames in lines  
specifying additional files; e.g.  
SW_FILEsophocles:/src/pscx/sw/xxxxx.bin  
Table 1Bootfile parameters  
Parameter  
Value  
Brief Meaning  
Fuller explanation  
SW_FILE  
a filename and a full a version of software Appendix D Upgrading  
pathname  
your firmware  
- all pre-fixed by  
hostname/ip address  
CONFIG_FILE  
a filename and full  
pathname  
- all pre-fixed by  
hostname/ip address existing unit. Note:  
these parameters  
a set of saved  
configuration  
parameters from an  
configuration parameters  
which are not listed in the  
BOOTPTAB file entry or  
in the bootfile. The  
parameters will not  
include user  
overwrite network  
passwords.  
configuration parameters  
specified in your bootfile.  
GUI_ACCESS  
AUTH_TYPE  
on, off  
access to the unit  
from a web browser  
Chapter 2 Installation  
both, local or radius  
authenticationmethod Chapter 2 Installation  
employed by the unit  
for all users  
IP_HOST  
ip address in dot  
decimal notation  
default ip host for a  
user when user  
service is set to  
‘telnet’ ‘rlogin’ or  
‘tcp clear’  
SECURITY  
on, off  
‘reverse’ line types,  
‘printer’ line type and  
remote configuration -  
all restricted to  
devices listed in the  
the unit’s host table  
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Parameter  
Value  
Brief Meaning  
Fuller explanation  
TFTP_RETRY  
numeric; e.g. 5  
number of tftp  
attempts before  
aborting  
TFTP configuration on  
page 218  
TFTP_TMOUT  
numeric; e.g. 3  
period in seconds  
before retrying a  
download/upload  
TFTP configuration on  
page 218  
EXTRA_TERM1  
(or 2, or 3)  
a filename and full  
pathname - all  
termcap files for  
specific terminal types  
prefixed by a  
hostname/ip address  
BOOTP messages output to screen  
The unit will output BOOTP messages to your screen during bootup, provided you are  
connected to the unit via its Admin Port.  
On bootup the unit will always send a BOOTP request to BOOTP servers, so you will  
see the message:  
INIT: attempting BOOTP  
If the unit does not receive a BOOTP reply you will see the message:  
INIT: no bootphost/server found on this network  
If you want the unit to boot from a BOOT server then this message means BOOTP is  
not working. Consult Appendix H Troubleshooting for help.  
Disabling the BOOTP reply  
You cannot disable BOOTP in the unit; however, you can stop the BOOTP host from  
sending a BOOTP reply to the unit. You stop the reply by placing a hash # character in  
the bootptab file entry as follows:  
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•
in bootptab file entry for a single unit on page 231 on page 231, place a hash  
before all the lines, e.g.  
# :ht=1:\  
# :ha=0080ba000057:\  
..  
# :gw=192.101.35.254:\  
•
in bootptab file entry for multiple units on page 238 you would place a hash before  
the line referring to each unit; e.g:  
# xxxxx_2:ht=1:ha=0080ba000025:\  
# ip=192.101.34.194:tc=common:  
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Booting multiple units  
You can boot mutliple unit’s simultaneously using BOOTP; we recommend you alter  
the format of your bootptab file entry, as shown in bootptab file entry for multiple units  
on page 238. You make one set of parameters in a single area (in this example  
‘common’) and point each unit’s entry to this area called ‘common’.  
bootptab file  
entry for  
multiple  
units  
common is the collective  
name for the list of  
information in this file  
common:\  
:bf=/usr/js/xxxxxxp.cus:\  
:sm=255.255.255.224:\  
:hn:\  
:dn=xxx.co.uk:\  
:ds=192.101.34.211  
xxxxxx_1 is the name of  
the first Console Server  
xxxxxx_1:ht=1:ha=0080ba000024:\  
:ip=192.101.34.193:tc=common:  
xxxxxx_2 is the name of  
the second Console  
Server  
xxxxxx_2:ht=1:ha0080ba000025:\  
:ip=192.101.24.194:tc=common:  
ethernet addresses  
of Console Server  
to=common, means:  
use all the information listed  
under “common:\”  
Notes on the above figure:  
1. The example shown is for the Console Server.  
2. List each unit at the bottom of the file.  
3. So that all units use the same BOOTP information, terminate each unit’s entry  
with the same syntax, using the format tc=name (in the example above  
tc=common).  
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4. You will see that all the unit’s are being directed towards the same bootfile (as  
listed in the ‘bf’ field in the area ‘common’). This is acceptable - however all your  
the unit’s will have the same configuration parameters.  
5. The bootfile must be on the same host as the bootptab file entry.  
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Multiple BOOTP servers  
You may well wish to have a secondary BOOTP server as a back-up to the primary  
BOOTP server.  
The unit will operate with BOOTP when you have a second, third or more BOOTP  
servers on your network. During a reboot the unit processes the first BOOTP reply  
received and ignores subsequent replies. If the bootptab file entries are identical on  
all your BOOTP servers the first reply received by the unit will be the same as the  
other replies.  
The rules for multiple BOOTP servers are:  
•
•
•
we recommend they are located on the same network; however if they are on  
different network see the advice at How to setup BOOTP on page 231  
if you specify a bootfile (bf), each BOOTP server must contain an identical copy  
of this bootfile  
the software file (SW_FILE) and/or configuration file (CONFIG_FILE) can be  
located on any host; they do not have to be on the BOOTP server machines  
Example of BOOTP  
Here is a working example of BOOTP, used to download a new version of software. We  
are using tftp with the ‘secure’ option:  
1. If possible choose a BOOTP server which is located on the same network as the  
unit. Our BOOTP server was located like this.  
2. Enable BOOTP on the machine you have chosen as the BOOTP server. E.g. on  
our SCO Open Server 5 machine we modified file /etc/inetd.conf, as follows:  
tftp dgram udp wait root /etc/tftpd tftpd -s /tftpboot  
bootps dgram udp wait root /etc/bootpd bootpd -c/  
tftpboot  
3. Reboot the BOOTP server to ensure that BOOTP is operating.  
4. Make an entry in file /etc/bootptab for your unit; e.g.  
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Our example  
entry in a  
BOOTPTAB  
file  
xxxxxx_3:\  
:ht=1:\  
:ha=0080BA00004b:\  
:ip=192.65.146.120:\  
:ds=192.165.144.6:\  
:sm=255.255.255.0:\  
:hn:\  
:bf=/test:\  
:dn=xxxx.co.uk  
5. Create the bootfile specified in the above entry; i.e. file ‘test’:  
Our example  
bootfile  
# cat test  
SW_FILE192.65.146.71:/xxxxxx.fls  
GUI_ACCESSyes  
AUTH_TYPE0  
IP_HOST192.65.146.71  
SECURITYno  
TFTP_RETRY3  
EXTRA_TERM1homer:/src/pscx/et/et1.0183  
EXTRA_TERM2homer:/src/pscx/et/et2.0183  
EXTRA_TERM3homer:/src/pscx/et/et3.0183  
#
6. In the bootfile (above) we specified the software file(SW_FILE). Specify the  
pathname for the file; in our example we placed the software file in the same  
directory as the bootfile.  
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7. Reboot the unit. After receiving details from the bootptab file, the unit should  
download the bootfile and the software file. The unit should then place the new  
software file into FLASH memory.  
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A p p e n d i x G J E T s e t  
You need to You need to read this appendix if you want information on the Console Server JETset  
read this  
utility.  
appendix if  
you want to...  
This appendix provides task orientated information on using the describesConsole  
Server JETset utility.  
This appendix includes the following sections;  
•
•
•
Introduction to JETset on page 244  
Using JETset on page 246  
JETset program summary on page 249  
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Introduction to JETset  
Once you have allocated an ip address, you can use the Graphical User Interface, named  
‘JETset’. This is a web-based program which you access from the web browser on your  
networked PC/computer. See JETsethome page on page 244. A summary of the  
program is in JETset program summary on page 249.  
JETsethome  
page  
Product logo  
will display  
the name of  
your product  
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To access  
JETset  
1. Make sure you set ‘gui_access’ to ‘on’, see Chapter 2 Installation  
2. Open your web browser and enter the ip address of your Console Server; e.g.  
http://192.101.34.211  
You should be presented with the login page:  
The program prompts you for a password (for user of name ‘admin’).  
Caution  
the only access permitted is username ‘admin’. Console Server assumes this  
username and so prompts you for the password for this user.  
On successful login you will be presented with the JETset home page (JETsethome page  
on page 244 on page 244). From the home page you can now configure your unit.  
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Using JETset  
using JETset  
Navigate by  
selecting these  
buttons  
If you have  
made changes,  
remember to  
save them  
before moving  
to another  
option  
Note the following guidelines about JETset:  
•
JETset uses the ‘Frames’ feature of HTML, which allows you to see four different  
‘windows’ simultaneously inside your main browser window. This viewing  
method will make configuration easier. However, in common with all programs  
which use Frames there are particular ways of using JETset:  
- navigate using the main JETset buttons (see using JETset on page 246); we  
do not recommend using the ‘Forward’ or ‘Backward’ buttons of your  
Browser  
-set your browser to always check if there is a newer version of the page than  
the version stored in cache. This action will ensure that JETset will display  
the most up-to-date information; see Netscape Navigator - configuration on  
page 246 and Internet Explorer - configuration on page 247.  
Netscape  
Navigator -  
configuratio  
n
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•
•
press the JETset ‘Save’ button before moving from one area, e.g. ‘line’ to another  
area, e.g. ‘user’; see using JETset on page 246. This action will save your changes  
in volatile memory (RAM); the saving process is instantaneous.  
to save your configuration changes to non-volatile memory, press the ‘Admin’  
button and then select the ‘Save to FLASH’ button. The unit will spend a few  
seconds writing to FLASH memory, so we suggest you save to FLASH  
periodically (e.g. once every thirty minutes)  
Internet  
Explorer -  
configuratio  
n
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•
if you visit another URL (address on the World Wide Web) and then wish to return  
to JETset you can either:  
use the ‘JETset’ bookmark/favourite entry (the JETset home page), or  
use the ‘Go’ feature of your browser (if ‘JETset’ is listed - this is the JETset  
home page), or  
re-type the ip address of the unit in your ‘location’ field; e.g.  
http://192.101.34.211  
the login page will be displayed; you will need to login again.  
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JETset program summary  
•
compatible with Microsoft Internet Explorer® or Netscape Navigator®, both at  
version 3 or more recent versions  
•
•
•
you can configure most Console Server parameters  
access is restricted to the person with username ‘admin’  
although you can configure Console Server sessions, you cannot run them from  
JETset (sessions are character-based features suited to terminals)  
•
•
you can use the ‘bookmark/add to favourites’ feature of your browser only with  
the login and home pages  
you can use the ‘Go’ navigation method of your browser (history file) of your  
browser only with the login and home pages  
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A p p e n d i x H T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g  
You need to read You need to read this appendix if you want information on troubleshooting the Console Server.  
this appendix if  
you want to...  
This appendix provides information on troubleshooting the Console Server.  
This appendix includes the following sections;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction on page 252  
General communication matters on page 252  
Host problems on page 253  
JETset problems on page 254  
Login problems on page 255  
Problems with terminals on page 257  
Emergency recovery on page 258  
Problems with framed Routing on page 258  
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Introduction  
This appendix contains solutions for problems that may arise while Console Server (the  
‘unit’).  
- if you bought your unit from a registered Black Box Supplier, you must contact  
their Technical Support department; they are qualified to deal with your problem.  
- if you are a registered Black Box Supplier, and bought your unit from Black Box,  
please contact the Technical Support department of your nearest Black Box office.  
The addresses and telephone numbers of your nearest Black Box office are shown  
on the cover of this manual.  
General communication matters  
General communication checks and practices are as follows:  
•ping your host; if you cannot ping at all, check the cabling between the unit and  
your network. If you can ping but packet loss is reported, ping another host/  
device on the same network. You will appreciate whether the problem is  
specific to a host/device or general to the network. If there is a problem with  
the network check the state of the network, including number of nodes.  
•after entering or changing ip information for your unit (internet address,  
broadcast address, subnet mask) reboot the unit (does not apply when using  
BOOTP or DHCP). Once the unit has rebooted other network devices can  
communicate with it (ping, telnet, etc.). Also, protocols such as ARP and  
proxy-ARP will work properly  
If you don’t reboot unit the ip information you have entered/changed will not  
be recognised by other network devices.  
•use the show routes command (command line only). See if there a route to the  
host?  
•implement load-balancing in your network by distributing the processing. For  
example, try not to cluster on the unit devices which require high  
throughput.  
•ensure routes to/from your host are as direct as possible; e.g. ensure the unit is  
on the same network as your host so that bridges/routers do not act as  
bottlenecks.  
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•if your network is congested, subnet it with a bridge; however, bear in mind the  
recommendations in the previous paragraph.  
Host problems  
Cannot access a host by name  
•if using DNS or if DNS is required, ensure a nameserver is configured on your  
unit and is accessible (ping it).  
•if not using DNS, ensure the host is configured in the host table. Check access  
to the host by pinging it using the host’s IP address.  
Cannot access a host on a local network  
ensure:  
•the network address is correct.  
•the subnet mask is set correctly and reflects the network configuration.  
•the broadcast address is set correctly and reflects the network configuration.  
Cannot access a host on a remote network  
•use the show route command to verify that there is a route to the remote host. If  
no gateway is specified, ensure a default gateway is specified. Ping the  
default gateway to check if it is working.  
•Consider the situation beyond the gateway; e.g. are intermediate gateways and  
the remote host available? Also, check the messages returned by the  
show route command; e.g. that a particular host or gateway is unreachable.  
Gateways added into the gateway table are ignored by the unit  
•have you used BOOTP and entered a single static gateway in the bootptab file  
entry? If yes, the other gateways will be ignored. See Appendix F BOOTP  
for more information  
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Access to host lost after a few minutes  
•If the route to this host goes through routers, make sure those routers are all  
sending RIP packets across the networks.  
You see a message saying your host is in use.  
•delete your host as either, a DNS or WINS host, or a gateway, then retry the  
‘delete host’ command/menu item. You may have configured your host as  
a DNS or WINS host, or a gateway.  
The connection fails when the user ‘ip_host’ parameter is set to 0.0.0.0  
other factors: several hosts are entered in the unit’s host table  
•check the host ip address entered in the server configuration; it is this ip address  
- and not hosts in the host table - which the unit will use when a user’s  
ip_host is set to 0.0.0.0  
JETset problems  
Trying to access JETSET you see an ‘alert’ dialog box, e.g. :  
•change the parameter ‘gui_access’ to ‘on’.  
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Login problems  
User is waiting up to 60 seconds before login is accepted or denied  
other factors: authentication is set to ‘both’ or ‘RADIUS’. User has entered  
username and password, and has pressed <return> key.  
•
check RADIUS configuration of primary and secondary authentication/accounting  
hosts specified, and you have retry and timeout values greater than the default, the  
unit will be spending time trying each of these hosts and keeping the user waiting.  
•
•
adjust RADIUS configuration: specify just one host, reduce timeout and retry  
values to the default or less than default.  
when connecting using a reverse ssh connection, a delay of about 10 seconds for  
SSH version 1 will be experience. A delay of 20 seconds for SSH version 2 will be  
experienced. These delays are due to the negotiation of a secure LAN connection.  
This involves the exchanging of encryption messages to establish a secure  
communication.  
You cannot progress beyond the ‘login’ and ‘password’ prompts  
(when authentication is set to either ‘both’ or ‘RADIUS’)  
•
•
•
check the setting of ‘account_authenticator’ flag is the same in the unit and the  
RADIUS host; either they should both check or both ignore the authenticator field.  
If you are not sure, change the setting in the unit; see if this fixes the problem.  
on the RADIUS host check the secret (password); you should see it displayed in  
clear text in the RADIUS clients file. If you are unsure whether it is the same  
secret which you entered in the unit, go to the unit and re-enter a new secret.  
on the RADIUS host check there is only one entry for a particular user; do not  
have multiple entries of the same username (although passwords may be  
different).  
You cannot obtain a login on any of the front-mounted ports  
•
Connect via the Admin port and check the settings of the front-mounted ports; they  
have probably been set to ‘direct’ or ‘silent’ telnet/rlogin.  
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You have lost or don't know your password (as ‘admin’ user)  
•
•
you must reset the unit to its factory default settings using the ‘reset’ switch on the  
rear panel. There is no procedure to access the unit without a password.  
at the remote end the client software locks up  
other factors: security (CHAP) is enabled on the line.  
disable CHAP re-challenge parameter (challenge_interval) in the unit. Some PPP  
client software does not work when receiving CHAP re-challenges.  
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Problems with terminals  
see also: Login problems on page 255.  
The following section concerns problems with the appearance of data on your  
terminal screen:  
The unit logs me out after a few minutes  
•Change the idle timeout value set for the user. The idle timeout for all users is  
set to 300 seconds (5 minutes) by default, because the unit is designed for  
remote access connections (using SLIP or PPP).  
Corrupt data  
•check your line settings (baud rate, stop bits, etc.)  
Missing data  
•ensure the same type of flow control is set in both your terminal and on the  
unit’s port.  
Error message ‘not permitted on a dumb terminal’ after typing the cli  
command ‘screen’  
•set your line to ‘termtype’ VT100, ansi or Wyse60 (or other form of terminal  
emulation, if you have downloaded one). The default line type in the unit is  
‘dumb’ which does not support the graphics characters necessary to view  
the text-based menus.  
Screen corruption when using the text-based menu system  
•check that the terminal setup in the unit matches your terminal.  
•check that entries in the term file match your terminal setup.  
•if using a PC/computer, ensure the type of terminal emulation selected in your  
application matches those supported by the unit. If you still have the  
problem, you may be suffering with poorly written terminal emulation in  
your application. Instead use the command line mode; if you have a web  
browser use JETset.  
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Emergency recovery  
Problem:  
You have a unit already configured and,  
- you do know your password, but  
- have lost, misconfigured or don't know the IP address of the unit, and  
- you cannot obtain a login on any port (including the console port)  
The emergency recovery method is to use BOOTP (see Appendix F BOOTP).  
•Setup a host machine on your network to run BOOTP. Using the ethernet  
address of the unit (printed on the base of the product) BOOTP will assign  
the unit a known IP address.  
•Now, you should be able to telnet into the unit and change its IP address.  
Using BOOTP to recover access to your unit in this manner will preserve all  
configuration settings - apart from the IP address.  
Problems with framed Routing  
Problem:  
My SLIP/PPP link is running but I am not seeing any routing  
information propagated to my dial up clients.  
Check:  
Make sure that SLIP/PPP links are configured for route broadcasts,  
see section 9.1.  
Wait for 30 seconds before checking again for new routes, routes are  
broadcast every 30 seconds.  
Problem:  
Check:  
I can talk to my dial-up clients, but not any other machine on the  
network it is attached to.  
Make sure that your dial-up client is configured to pass on RIP (  
routing ) packets to it's other network interfaces. This may involve  
installing additional routing software on some operating systems.  
Problem:  
Check:  
I have configured framed routing for a SLIP/PPP link but routing does  
not work.  
Both Remote IP Address and Local IP Address need to be configured  
with valid IP addresses for framed routing to remote clients to operate.  
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# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  
Index  
add user 147  
add WINS 147  
admin 148  
A
accessing devices  
using modems  
debug 148  
on a dial in link 122  
delete community 148  
delete DNS 149  
delete gateway 149  
delete host 149  
delete radius 150  
delete trap 151  
delete user 151  
delete WINS 151  
heap 152  
help 153  
kill line 153  
logout 153  
netload 154  
netsave 156  
with dumb device 123  
using Telnet 117  
add community 142  
add DNS command 142  
add gateway command 144  
add host command 144  
add modem command 146  
add radius command 146  
add trap command 147  
add user command 147  
add WINS command 147  
admin command 148  
AUI connector 128  
ping 158  
reboot 160  
B
reset factory 160  
reset line 160  
reset user 161  
restart 161  
resume 161  
rlogin 163  
BOOTP 227  
C
cabling 125  
commands 150  
add community 142  
add DNS 142  
add gateway 144  
add host 144  
save 163  
screen 164  
set contact 164  
set date 164  
set gateway 165  
set host 166  
add modem 146  
add radius 146  
add trap 147  
set line 166  
set location 169  
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# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  
set radius 172  
set server 173  
set telnet 181  
set time 182  
delete community command 148  
delete DNS command 149  
delete gateway command 149  
delete host command 149  
delete modem 150  
set user 182  
show date 185  
delete modem command 150  
delete radius command 150  
delete trap command 151  
delete user command 151  
delete WINS command 151  
desk mounting 27  
show gateways 186  
show hardware 186  
show hosts 187  
show interfaces 187  
show line 188  
show modem 191  
show radius 194  
show routes 194  
show server 196  
show snmp 198  
show telnet 199, 201  
show time 199  
show user 200  
DHCP, setting up IP address with 33  
dial in line, configuring 74  
DNS, configuring 56  
F
factory defaults, restoring 66  
using reset switch 66  
using software 66  
start 200  
version 202  
firmware, upgrading 215  
FLASH memory 163  
connector pinouts 125  
Console Server  
introduction to 17  
variants 18  
console server  
H
heap command 152  
help command 153  
host table, setting up 46  
accessing devices using modems  
on a dial in link 122  
using dumb device 123  
accessing devices using Telnet 117  
introduction to 116  
I
installation 23  
installation, general procedure for 24  
IP address  
D
date and time, setting 64  
date, setting 64  
setting up  
automatically using DHCP 33  
manually 38  
debug command 148  
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# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  
IP address setting up 33  
P
ping command 158  
Ports  
J
AUI 128  
JETset 243  
R
K
rack mounting 25  
kill line command 153  
RADIUS, configuring 51  
reboot command 160  
rebooting, soft 65  
reset factory command 160  
reset line command 160  
reset user commands 161  
L
LEDs, guide to 29  
line  
resetting to default 111  
restart command 161  
settings, viewing and editing 71  
resume command 161  
line service types 223  
rlogin command 163  
logging on 45  
logout command 153  
S
save command 163  
screen command 164  
set contact command 164  
set date command 164  
set gateway command 165  
set host command 166  
M
mounting  
desk 27  
rack 25  
multiple units, stacking 28  
set line command 166  
set location command 169  
set radius command 172  
N
netload command 154  
set server command 173  
set telnet command 181  
set time command 182  
set user commands 182  
settings, saving 112  
netsave command 156  
network gateways, configuring 58  
network installation verifying 61  
network parameters, host table 46  
network parameters, setting up 46  
show date command 185  
show gateways command 186  
Black Box Console Server user guide  
261  
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# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  
show hardware command 186  
show hosts command 187  
show interfaces command 187  
W
WINS, configuring 57  
show line commands 188  
show modem command 191  
show radius command 194  
show routes command 194  
show server command 196  
show snmp command 198  
show telnet command 199, 201  
show time command 199  
show user command 200  
SNMP 203  
add community 142  
add trap 147  
delete community 148  
delete trap 151  
soft reboot 65  
stacking multiple units 28  
start command 200  
system administration 69  
T
time, setting 64  
troubleshooting 251  
U
upgrading firmware 215  
users  
configuring 94  
V
variants, Console Server 18  
version command 202  
Black Box Console Server user guide  
262  
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© Copyright 2001. Black Box Corporation. All rights reserved.  
1000 Park Drive Lawrence, PA 15055-1018 724-746-5500  
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