OCTOBER 1994
TS675A
BRTS-100 ISDN Test Set
A
1
8
TEST
ASS
P
ST
F
A
TUS
LINE
TEST
1
8
AIL
PHAN
POW
ER
B
TO
M
PINS 7-8
AUX
TRACE
RECEIVE
T
LEVEL
TRANSMIT
ONE
-6dB
“D”
GRN “1” RED
ACTI“V0I”TY
IMPEDANCE
CONTINUITY
BRTS-100
ISDN T
est Set
INITIA
TE
LINE
REV
SPEAKERNORM
TERMINA
100 OHM
TE
OFF
ON
POWER
ON
OFF
CUSTOMER
SUPPORT
INFORMATION
Order toll-free in the U.S.: Call 877-877-BBOX (outside U.S. call 724-746-5500)
FREE technical support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: Call 724-746-5500 or fax 724-746-0746
Mailing address: Black Box Corporation, 1000 Park Drive, Lawrence, PA 15055-1018
Web site: www.blackbox.com
•
E-mail: [email protected]
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
NORMAS OFICIALES MEXICANAS (NOM)
ELECTRICAL SAFETY STATEMENT
INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD
1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser leídas antes de
que el aparato eléctrico sea operado.
2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser guardadas para
referencia futura.
3. Todas las advertencias en el aparato eléctrico y en sus instrucciones de
operación deben ser respetadas.
4. Todas las instrucciones de operación y uso deben ser seguidas.
5. El aparato eléctrico no deberá ser usado cerca del agua—por ejemplo, cerca
de la tina de baño, lavabo, sótano mojado o cerca de una alberca, etc..
6. El aparato eléctrico debe ser usado únicamente con carritos o pedestales que
sean recomendados por el fabricante.
7. El aparato eléctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo sólo como sea
recomendado por el fabricante.
8. Servicio—El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo eléctrico más allá
a lo descrito en las instrucciones de operación. Todo otro servicio deberá ser
referido a personal de servicio calificado.
9. El aparato eléctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su posición no
interfiera su uso. La colocación del aparato eléctrico sobre una cama, sofá,
alfombra o superficie similar puede bloquea la ventilación, no se debe colocar
en libreros o gabinetes que impidan el flujo de aire por los orificios de
ventilación.
10. El equipo eléctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de fuentes de calor
como radiadores, registros de calor, estufas u otros aparatos (incluyendo
amplificadores) que producen calor.
11. El aparato eléctrico deberá ser connectado a una fuente de poder sólo del
tipo descrito en el instructivo de operación, o como se indique en el aparato.
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NOM STATEMENT
12. Precaución debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica y la polarización
del equipo no sea eliminada.
13. Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal manera que no
sean pisados ni pellizcados por objetos colocados sobre o contra ellos,
poniendo particular atención a los contactos y receptáculos donde salen del
aparato.
14. El equipo eléctrico debe ser limpiado únicamente de acuerdo a las
recomendaciones del fabricante.
15. En caso de existir, una antena externa deberá ser localizada lejos de las lineas
de energia.
16. El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea
usado por un largo periodo de tiempo.
17. Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean
derramados sobre la cubierta u orificios de ventilación.
18. Servicio por personal calificado deberá ser provisto cuando:
A: El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido dañado; u
B: Objectos han caído o líquido ha sido derramado dentro del aparato; o
C: El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia; o
D: El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un cambio en su
desempeño; o
E: El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido dañada.
3
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
TRADEMARKS USED IN THIS MANUAL
Any trademarks mentioned in this manual are acknowledged to be the property of the
trademark owners.
4
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CONTENTS
Contents
Chapter
Page
1.Specifications .....................................................................................................2
2.Introduction .......................................................................................................3
2.1 Overview .......................................................................................................3
2.2 How to Use This Manual .............................................................................3
2.3 Features ........................................................................................................4
3.Operation ...........................................................................................................5
3.1 Overview .......................................................................................................5
3.2 Connecting the Unit....................................................................................5
3.3 Powering Up the Unit..................................................................................7
3.4 Controls and Indicators...............................................................................7
3.5 Modes of Operation.....................................................................................8
4.Test Procedures..................................................................................................9
4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................9
4.2 Comprehensive Troubleshooting Procedure ..........................................11
4.3 Check Power...............................................................................................14
4.4 Check Loop ................................................................................................15
4.5 Passive Bus—Check Terminations............................................................19
4.6 Pair Reversal...............................................................................................22
4.7 Monitor.......................................................................................................26
5.Technical Reference........................................................................................28
5.1 Power-Source Indicators............................................................................28
5.2 Activation/ Deactivation Modes ................................................................29
5.3 AC Impedance ...........................................................................................32
5.4 DC Continuity ............................................................................................32
5.5 Speaker .......................................................................................................34
Appendix: Maintenance.....................................................................................35
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
1. Specifications
Input/ Output — (2) modular 8-pin jacks (included)
ISDN Interface — S/ T
Line Type — ISDN BRI
Nominal Data Rate — 192 kbps
Power — 9-VDC battery
Size — 7.3"H x 3.3"W x 1.1"D (18.5 x 8.3 x 2.8 cm)
Weight — 11 oz. (311.8 g)
6
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CHAPTER 2: Introduction
2. Introduction
2.1 Overview
The BRTS-100 ISDN Test Set is a portable, hand-held, communication-line
tester that helps you troubleshoot and verify ISDN S/ T interface lines (see
Figure 2-1). The Test Set supports a variety of comprehensive tests designed
to help telephone and ISDN craft technicians isolate line problems.
2.2 How to Use This Manual
This manual is written for the user who wants a quick guide for
troubleshooting—and for the more technical user who wants to understand
how the unit operates.
The novice user should read chapters one through three inclusively. The
more advanced user can skip chapter three and read chapter four instead.
Refer to the appendix at the end of this user’s guide for maintenance
information, including how to change the 9-volt battery.
The manual is divided into the following sections:
1. Specifications
2. Introduction — Contains an overview of this manual and provides a brief
description of the Test Set’s features.
3. Operation — Describes how the unit operates, including the controls and
indicators. This chapter also contains suggested test configurations.
4. Test Procedures — Explains various product applications and some
suggested step-by-step troubleshooting guides.
5. Technical Reference — Provides an in-depth discussion of Test Set
components and how the Test Set performs a variety of tests.
Appendix — Maintenance — Includes how to replace the 9- VDC battery
and the 8-pin jack.
7
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
A
1
8
TEST
P
A
ST
S
S
A
TUS
L
IN
1
8
T
F
A
E
E
S
IL
T
P
H
POWER
A
B
N
T
O
M
P
IN
S
7
A
U
-
8
X
T
RECEIVE
R
A
T
C
LEVEL
TRANSMIT
O
E
N
E
-6dB
“D”
GRN “1” RED “0”
ACTIVITY
IMPEDANCE
CONTINUITY
B
T
R
IS
T
D
S
N
-100
est S
et
INITIA
TE
LINE
REV
SPEAKERNORM
TERMINA
100 OHM
TE
OFF
ON
POWER
ON
OFF
Figure 2-1. The BRTS-100 ISDN Test Set.
2.3 Features
This compact, rugged ISDN S/ T interface line test set provides many essential
diagnostic functions. It’s easy to use, too, requiring very little knowledge
about complex ISDN protocols. The Test Set:
• Verifies physical layer (Layer 1) parameters.
• Checks for D Channel Access.
• Is lightweight and hand-held.
• Derives power from a 9-volt battery.
• Includes easy-to-use, Pass/ Fail LEDs that give instantaneous test results.
• Can monitor a D Channel.
• Samples every frame on the line (one every 250 microseconds).
• Supports various modes of operation for fault isolation.
• Can be used in either passive bus or point-to-point configurations.
• Verifies DC Continuity.
• Features Power Indication lamps that indicate battery presence and
polarity.
• Generates a 4-KHz test tone.
• Includes a speaker that allows audio monitoring of line activity.
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CHAPTER 3: Operation
3. Operation
3.1 Overview
You can operate the BRTS-100 ISDN Test Set in a variety of modes. Select
them by turning the selector dial on the left of the unit (see Figure 3-1). The
indicator lights (LEDs) on top of the unit indicate test results. The various
test modes and indicator lights are explained in more detail below.
3.2 Connecting the Unit
In the shipping box, you’ll find:
• The BRTS-100 ISDN Test Set.
• (1) 9-volt battery.
• An RJ-45-to-RJ-45 cable.
• (4) RJ-45-to-alligator-clips cable.
Attach one end of the RJ-45-to-RJ-45 cable to either port A or port B at the top
of the Test Set. Attach the other end to a standard 8-pin phone jack. Attach
one end of the second cable (the RJ-45-to-alligator-clips) to the A or B port on
the Test Set and the other end to a telephone block. The alligator clips are
color coded as follows:
COLOR
Black
Red
Green
Yellow
SIGNAL
TX
RX
RX
TX
PIN NUMBER
3
4
5
6
You can use the Test Set in either a point-to-point or a passive-bus mode
(see Figure 3-2).
9
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
INDICATOR LEDS
I/O PORTS A & B
(8-PIN CONNECTORS)
TEST MODE
SELECT DIAL
A
1
8
TEST
P
A
ST
S
S
A
TUS
L
IN
1
8
T
F
A
E
E
S
I
L
T
SPEAKER
P
H
POWER
A
B
N
T
O
M
P
IN
S
7
A
U
-
8
X
T
RECEIVE
R
A
T
C
LEVEL
TRANSMIT
O
E
N
E
-6dB
“D”
GRN “1” RED “0”
ACTIVITY
IMPEDANCE
CONTINUITY
B
T
R
IS
T
D
S
N
-100
est S
et
INITIA
TE
LINE
REV
SPEAKERNORM
TERMINA
100 OHM
TE
OFF
ON
POWER
ON
OFF
INDICATOR LED
FEATURE BUTTONS
Figure 3-1. BRTS-100 ISDN Test Set controls and indicators.
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CHAPTER 3: Operation
TO NT1
A
TERMINAL
1
8
1
8
B
BRTS-100
ISDN TEST UNIT
PASSIVE BUS
TO NT1
A
1
8
1
8
B
BRTS-100
ISDN TEST UNIT
POINT-TO-POINT
Figure 3-2. Connecting the Test Set for point-to-point or passive-bus
configurations.
11
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
To connect the Test Set in a point-to-point configuration, simply connect the
8-pin plug to either the A or B port located on top of the unit. To connect
the Test Set in a passive bus configuration, connect the line from the NT1 to
either the A or B port, and connect the termi-nal to the other port. The ports
are parallel, so they can be used interchangeably (see Figure 3-2).
3.3 Powering Up the Unit
Power up the Test Set up by depressing the POWER feature button (Figure 3-
1). During operation, the unit automatically performs a battery check. If the
battery is low, the unit will beep for approximately 30 minutes.
AUTOMATIC POWER DOWN. If the Test Set does not sense any activity on
the line for approximately 10 minutes, it will automatically power down. In a
4-KHz Tone Trace, the Automatic Power Down circuit is disabled.
3.4 Controls and Indicators
Feature Buttons
Feature buttons (Figure 3-1) operate in two modes—in or out. Pushing the
button will toggle it to the other mode.
INITIATE — Certain test modes require that you press the INITIATE key.
Whenever this is necessary, the INITIATE lamp (yellow LED) will light.
LINE — Lets the user put the loop in NORMal or REVerse modes. In
REVerse mode, the Test Set transposes the transmit and receive pairs.
When the LINE button is out, the unit is in NORMal mode.
SPEAKER — Turns on the speaker. The speaker lets you hear all the
transmissions on the line. Voice transmissions are digitized over the ISDN
line and therefore will not be decipherable over the speaker.
TERMINATE — The Test Set normally provides a 100-ohm termination
to the line. When pressed (in), the Test Set removes the 100-ohm
termination from the line.
POWER — Turns the Test Set on and off.
Indicators
PHANTOM LIGHT — Indicates the presence and polarity of battery power.
Green light — Battery present, normal polarity.
Red light — Battery present, polarity reversed.
No light — No battery present.
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CHAPTER 3: Operation
NOTE: In reverse mode, the light indicators are opposite.
AUXILIARY POWER LIGHT — Indicates the presence and polarity of
auxiliary power.
Green light — Auxiliary power present, normal polarity.
Red light — Auxiliary power present, reverse polarity.
No light — No auxiliary power present.
TEST STATUS (PASS/ FAIL) LIGHTS — Reflects test status.
INITIATE LIGHT (yellow LED) — The INITIATE button and light are
used in testing modes. When performing certain test functions, this LED
indicates that the INITIATE button must be pushed.
3.5 Modes of Operation
You can select a mode of operation by turning the selector dial
(see Figure 3-1).
LINE TEST — Verifies that a terminal will be able to access the D channel.
NOTE: After selecting this function with the selector, depress the INITIATE button and the test
will begin.
Pass — Good line.
Fail — Bad line.
RECEIVE — Monitors activity on the terminal’s receive pair.
Pass — Test Set is in SYNCH with the NT1.
Fail — Test Set is not in SYNCH with the NT1.
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
4. Test Procedures
4.1 Overview
This chapter gives you several suggested test procedures. However, it is by
no means the only way to use the Test Set to isolate trouble or to verify lines.
NOTE: The following procedures assume certain conditions exist (that procedures are
followed in the correct order.) These conditions are described at the beginning
of each procedure.
TEST CONFIGURATIONS
Test Configuration 1 — Point-to-Point — NT1 (Figure 4-1)
To put the circuit in the point-to-point test configuration:
1. Disconnect the terminal.
NOTE: With a passive bus, testing the S/T interface may disrupt the operation of other
devices on the bus.
2. Connect the jack to either Port A or Port B of the Test Set.
3. The Test Set should be terminated; the TERMINATE button should
be out.
BRTS-100 UNIT
NT1
POINT TO POINT — NT1
Figure 4-1. Test Configuration 1.
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
NT1
TERMINAL
UNDER
TEST
BRTS-100 UNIT
Figure 4-2. Test Configuration 2.
Test Configuration 2 — Passive Bus (Figure 4-2)
To put the terminal in the Passive Bus Test Configuration:
1. Disconnect the terminal.
NOTE: With a passive bus, the S/T interface may disrupt the operation of the other devices
on the bus.
2. Connect the S/ T jack to Port B of the Test Set.
3. Connect the terminal to Port A of the Test Set.
4. The Test Set should be unter-minated; the TERMINATE button
should be in.
Test Configuration 3 — Point-to-Point — Terminal (Figure 4-3)
To put the circuit in the Point-to-Point — Terminal configuration:
1. Disconnect the terminal.
2. Connect the terminal to the Test Set’s A or B port.
3. Put the Test Set in REVerse mode, LINE button in.
4. The Test Set should be terminated; the TERMINATE button should
be out.
TERMINAL
BRTS-100 UNIT
POINT TO POINT — TERMINAL
Figure 4-3. Test Configuration 3.
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
4.2 Comprehensive Troubleshooting Procedure
This troubleshooting guide is for the user who is either installing a new line
and wants to verify the S/ T interface, or has a problem with an in-service
ISDN terminal. It is a comprehensive procedure which uses virtually all
of the Test Set’s testing capabilities and features.
This Procedure uses other test procedures outlined in this section.
If you identify a problem at any point in this procedure, stop the test and
fix the problem. Then repeat the procedure from the beginning. See the
comprehensive flow chart, Figure 4-4, for an outline of the operations
performed in this test.
1. Put the circuit in the Point-to-Point Test Configuration (Configuration
1). If you’re installing a passive bus, start at the port closest to the NT1.
2. Power up the Test Set.
3. Perform the CHECK POWER test procedure (see page 14).
4. Make sure that the Test Set is in NORMal mode; the LINE button should
be out.
5. Put the Test Set in the LINE TEST test mode.
6. Press the INITIATE button.
7. a. If the Red Test Status Light lights up, perform the CHECK LOOP test
procedure (see page 15).
b. If the Red Test Status Light flashes, the problem could be jitter in the
NT1 or noise on the line. Check the NT1. There’s no need for any
further testing.
c. If the Green Test Status Lamp lights up, continue on to step eight.
8. Put the circuit into its normal operating configuration. (Connect all
terminals to the S/ T interface.)
9. a. If the terminal works, there is no need to proceed any further.
b. If the terminal does not work, proceed to step 10.
10. a. If the circuit is point-to-point, skip steps 11 through 16, and go to
step 17.
b. If the circuit is a passive bus, proceed to step 11.
11. The problem may be that all devices on the passive bus are not properly
terminated. Verify this by performing the CHECK TERMINATIONS test
procedure (see page 19).
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
12. Put the circuit into its normal operating configuration. (Connect all
terminals to the S/ T interface.)
START
Comprehensive Troubleshooting Flow Chart
Initially, the Test Set should be in NORMAL mode
PUT CIRCUIT IN
POINT TO POINT
CONFIGURATION
(CONFIG. 1)
CHECK POWER
LINE TEST
INITIATE
NO
GRN
GOOD LINE,
TERMINAL SHOULD
WORK
DOES RED
LIGHT FLASH?
TEST RESULT?
RED
YES
PROBLEM
COULD BE
JITTER IN NT1,
OR NOISE
CHECK LOOP
PUT CIRCUIT
BACK TOGETHER
ON LINE
DONE
YES
TERMINAL
WORK?
GOOD LINE,
DONE
NO
A
Figure 4-4. Comprehensive troubleshooting flow chart (1 of 2).
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
13. a. If the terminal works, there’s no need to proceed any further.
b. If the terminal does not work, proceed to step 14.
14. Perform the PAIR REVERSAL test procedure (see page 22).
15. Put the circuit into its normal operating configuration. (Connect all
terminals to the S/ T interface.)
16. a. If the terminal works, there’s no need to proceed any further.
b. If the terminal does not work, proceed to step 17.
17. At this point, you’ve determined that there’s nothing wrong physically
with the S/ T interface. The problem is either within the terminal or
NT1—or possibly the ISDN network. Perform the MONITOR test
procedure (see page 26).
A
NO
USING PASSIVE
MONITOR
BUS?
YES
PB1 - CHECK
DONE
TERMINATIONS
NO
NO
PB2 - PAIR
REVERSAL
TERMINAL
WORK?
TERMINAL
WORK?
YES
YES
GOOD LINE,
DONE
GOOD LINE,
DONE
Figure 4-4. Comprehensive troubleshooting flow chart (2 of 2).
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
4.3 Check Power
Some (not all) ISDN terminals require power from the S/ T interface.
This procedure verifies that power is received properly at the S/ T interface.
See Figure 4-5 for an outline of the functions performed in this test.
1. Put the circuit in Test Configuration 1.
2. Make sure the Test Set is in NORMal mode; LINE button should be out.
3. If the terminal requires Phantom Power (see terminal user guide) use
the following table:
Phantom
Conclusion
Light
Green
Power OK
Red
TX & RX pairs reversed
No power being received
None
4. Certain terminals use what is known as PS2 power, which is delivered on
pins 7 and 8. If your terminal uses PS2 power check the AUX light and
use the following table:
AUX
Conclusion
Light
Green
AUX power OK
Red
Pins 7 & 8 reversed
No PS2 power being received
None
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
CHECK POWER
CHECK POWER
If the terminal requires power from the line,
this procedure will verify that power is being
transmitted properly. Assumes the Test Set
is in NORMAL mode.
PUT CIRCUIT IN
POINT TO POINT
CONFIG. (CONFIG. 1)
DOES
TERMINAL
NEED PHANTOM
POWER?
NO
YES
GRN
DOES
TERMINAL NEED
PS2 POWER?
RED
YES
PHANTOM
LIGHT?
NO
NONE
GRN
RED
AUX LIGHT?
TX & RX
PAIRS
TRANSPOSED
NO
BATTERY
FROM NT1
NONE
WIRES
NO
ON PINS 7
& 8 ARE
BATTERY
ON PINS
7 & 8
POWER OK
CROSSED
Figure 4-5. Check power flow chart.
4.4 Check Loop
This procedure checks for physical impairments in the S/ T interface. See
Figure 4-6 for an outline of the functions performed during this test. Before
implementing this procedure, you must meet the following prerequisites:
• The terminal should be receiving proper power (see CHECK POWER,
page 14).
• LINE TEST should fail.
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
With the Check Loop procedure, first check to see if the transmit pairs
(pins 3 and 6) and the receive pairs (pins 4 and 5) are reversed.
1. Put the Test Set in REVerse mode; LINE button should be in.
2. Put circuit in the Point-to-Point NT1 Test Configuration (Test
Configuration 1).
3. Put the Test Set in the LINE TEST test mode.
4. Press the INITIATE button.
5. a. If the Green Test Status light goes on, the Loop is reversed.
b. If the Red Test Status light goes on, the Loop is wired properly.
Now, try to isolate the problem between the Transmit Pair and the Receive
Pairs.
1. Put the Test Set back in NORMal mode by pressing the LINE button.
2. Put the Test Set in the RECEIVE test mode.
3. a. If the Red Test Status light goes on, there is a problem with the receive
pair. Skip steps four and five and got to step nine.
b. If the Green Test Status light goes on, the receive pair is good and
there’s a problem with the transmit pair.
4. Put the Test Set in the CONTINUITY test mode.
5. a. If the Red Test Status light goes on, there is an open in the TX pair.
There’s no need to do any further testing.
b. If the Green Test Status light goes on, got to step six.
6. The problem could be that there is a short on the transmit pair. Put the
Test Set back in the NORMal mode by pushing the LINE button (LINE
should be out).
7. Put the Test Set in the IMPEDANCE test mode.
8. a. If the Red Test Status light goes on, either the NT1 is not terminated
or there’s a short in the TX pair. There’s no need to do any further
testing.
b. If the Green Test Status light goes on, there’s no problem with the NT1
and no further testing is required.
9. Perhaps the problem is that there’s no continuity on the RX pair between
the terminal and the NT1. Put the Test Set in REVerse mode by pressing
the LINE button (LINE button should be in).
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
CHECK LOOP
CHECK LOOP
Assume
1. Power good
2. LINE TEST failed
3 Test Set is in NORMAL mode
PUT CIRCUIT IN
POINT TO POINT
CONFIGURATION
(CONFIG. 1)
CHECK IF TX &
RX PAIRS ARE
TRANSPOSED
SWITCH TO
REVERSE, INITIATE
LINE TEST
LINE, LINE TEST
INITIATE
GRN
TX & RX
PAIRS ARE
TRANSPOSED
TEST STATUS?
RED
SWITCH TO
NORMAL
DONE
LINE, RECEIVE
A
Figure 4-6. Check loop flow chart (1 of 3)
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
A
RED
GRN
TEST STATUS?
SWITCH TO
PROBLEM WITH
TX PAIR
REVERSE, DO
CONTINUITY TEST
LINE
CONTINUITY
CONTINUITY
OPEN IN
RX PAIR
TEST STATUS?
GRN
GRN
TEST STATUS?
RED
B
PUT BACK IN
NORMAL MODE,
PUT IN LEVEL
TEST MODE
OPEN IN
TX PAIR
LEVEL
RED
SIGNAL
LEVEL TOO
LOW
TEST STATUS?
GRN
NT1 OR
SWITCH NOT
WORKING
Figure 4-6. Check loop flow chart (2 of 3).
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
B
CHECK FOR SHORT
IN TRANSMIT PAIR
PUT BACK IN
NORMAL MODE,
PUT IN IMPEDANCE
TEST MODE
LINE IMPEDANCE
NT1 NOT
TERMINATED
OR SHORT ON
TX PAIR
RED
TEST STATUS?
GRN
PROBLEM
WITH NT1
Figure 4-6. Check loop flow chart (3 of 3).
24
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
10. Put the Test Set in the CONTINUITY Test Mode.
11. a. If the Green Test Status light goes on, there is a physical connection
between the terminal and the NT1.
b. If the Red Test Status light goes on, there is no continuity on the
receive pair between the terminal and the NT1. You should check
the loop for opens. There’s no need for any further testing.
12. The problem may be that the signal received at the NT1 is too low.
To check this, put the Test Set back in the NORMAL mode by pushing
the LINE button.
13. Put the Test Set in the LEVEL test mode.
14. a. If the Green Test Status light goes on, the terminal is receiving the
proper level. The problem may be that either the switch or the NT1
isn’t working.
b. If the Red Test Status light goes on, the signal level at the terminal
is too low. Check the loop length.
25
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
4.5 Passive Bus—Check Terminations
When you’re using a passive-bus configuration, it’s imperative that the last
device on the bus be terminated at 100 ohms. The other devices on the bus
must be left unterminated. Termination should be an option on each ISDN
terminal. Refer to your terminal’s user manual to determine how to
configure the terminal in terminated/ unterminated mode.
See Figure 4-7 for an outline of the functions performed in this test.
Passive Bus Configuration
PB1
Check Terminations
Test Set should be in NORMAL mode
GO TO FIRST
DEVICE ON BUS
NO
YES
IS TERMINAL
LAST DEVICE?
TERMINAL SHOULD
BE TERMINATED
TERMINAL SHOULD
NOT BE TERMINATED
PUT CIRCUIT IN
CONFIG. 3, POWER
DOWN TERMINAL
PUT CIRCUIT IN
CONFIG. 3, POWER
DOWN TERMINAL
IMPEDANCE
IMPEDANCE
GRN
RED
TEST STATUS?
RED
TEST STATUS?
GRN
ALL
DEVICE PROPERLY
TERMINATED
UNTERMINATE
TERMINAL
DEVICES
TERMINATE
DEVICE
PROPERLY
TERMINATED
POWER UP
TERMINAL, GO TO
NEXT DEVICE
ON BUS
Figure 4-7. Passive bus flow chart.
26
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
1. Determine which devices are the first and last devices on the bus. The first
device is the one closest to the NT1. The last device is the one furthest
from the NT1. See Figure 4-8 for an example of proper device termination.
2. Go to the first device on the bus.
3. Put the Test Set in TERMINATED and NORMAL mode.
4. Put circuit in Test Configuration 3.
5. Make sure the Test Set is in REVerse mode; LINE button should be in.
6. Power down the terminal.
7. Put the Test Set in the IMPEDANCE test mode.
8. a. If the Green Test Status light goes on, the terminal is terminated.
Unterminate the terminal by following the instructions in the
terminal’s user manual.
b. If the Rest Test Status light goes on, no change in the termination
is necessary.
9. Go to the next device on the bus. If the terminal is NOT the last device on
the bus, go to step four. Otherwise, continue on to step 10.
10. You should be at the last device on the bus. Repeat steps four through
seven.
11. a. If the Green Test Status light goes on, the terminal is properly
terminated.
b. If the Red Test Status light goes on, the terminal is not terminated.
Terminate the terminal by following the instructions in the terminal’s
user guide.
All devices on the bus should now be properly terminated.
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
NT1
FIRST DEVICE
TERMINAL
TERMINAL
NOT
TERMINAL
TERMINATED
NOT
TERMINATED
NOT
TERMINATED
TERMINAL
TERMINAL
TERMINAL
TERMINAL
LAST DEVICE
NOT
TERMINATED
NOT
TERMINATED
TERMINAL
NOT
TERMINATED
NOT
TERMINATED
SHOULD BE TERMINATED
AT 100 OHMS
Figure 4-8. Proper device terminations diagram.
28
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
4.6 Pair Reversal
When you use the passive-bus configuration, it’s imperative that all the
transmit pairs (from terminal) be wired the same. That is to say, pins 3 and 6
from each terminal on the bus must be wired to pins 3 and 6 of the NT1
respectively. On a point-to-point configuration, the circuit will operate
properly even if the pair is reversed (pin 3 [terminal] to pin 6 [NT1], pin 6
[terminal] to pin 3 [NT1]). However, on a passive-bus configuration, if two
terminals are wired differently, their signals, (having opposite polarity) will
cancel each other.
This problem, known as pair reversal, usually occurs when the installer
accidentally transposes the pairs in the S/ T interface cable. A common
symptom of pair reversal is that a device works when it is by itself on the bus,
but doesn’t work when other devices are present on the bus.
To identify this condition, an additional Test Set or any terminal that
initializes itself automatically is required (check with terminal manufacturer).
Refer to the Pair Reversal Flow Chart in Figure 4-9 and the diagram in Figure
4-10 for an outline of the functions performed during this test.
This procedure assumes that LINE TEST passes on each individual port on
the bus.
1. Remove all terminals from the passive bus.
2. Place the first Test Set or ISDN terminal on the last port of the passive bus.
This will be referred to as terminal A.
3. Terminate terminal A at 100 ohms. If you’re using the Test Set as terminal
A, the TERMINATE button should be out.
4. If terminal A is:
a. The Test Set, put it in the LINE TEST test mode.
b. An ISDN terminal, power it on.
5. Take the second Test Set, which will be known as terminal B, and connect
it to another port on the bus.
6. Unterminate terminal B by pressing the TERMINATE button.
7. Put terminal B in the LINE TEST Test Mode.
8. Press the INITIATE button.
9. a. If the Green Test Status light goes on, terminals A and B are using the
same polarity.
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
b. If the Red Test Status light goes on, the terminals’ wires are crossed—
pin 3 of terminal is electrically connected to pin 6 of the other
terminal. At this point, you should check the wiring of both terminal
A and terminal B.
10. Repeat steps five through eight until all ports on the bus have been
checked.
Assume LINE TEST passe
independently on every port.
Test Set should be in
NORMAL mode
PB2
UNPLUG ALL
(IF ANY) TERMINALS
FROM BUS
PUT BRTS-100 (A)
ON FIRST PORT ON
BUS, UNTERMINATED
TRANSMIT,
INITIATE
GREEN LIGHT
SHOULD BE ON
A
Figure 4-9. Pair reversal flow chart (1 of 2).
30
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
A
NEED TO CHECK
ALL PORTS ON
THE BUS
GO TO NEXT
OUTLET ON BUS
PUT 2nd
BRTS-100 (B) ON
BUS, TERMINATED
TERMINATE,
TRANSMIT,
INITIATE
GRN
RED
TEST STATUS?
WIRING THE SAME
WIRING DIFFERENT
ON PORT UNDER
TEST AND PORT
ON PORT UNDER
TEST AND PORT
BRTS-100 (A) IS ON
BRTS-100 (A) IS ON
CHECK WIRING,
PINS 3 & 6
NO
YES
ALL PAIR
REVERSALS
IDENTIFIED
ALL PORTS
CHECKED?
UNPLUG 2nd
BRTS-100 (B)
Figure 4-9. Pair reversal flow chart (2 of 2).
31
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
NT1
TERMINAL “A”
BRTS-100 UNIT
TERMINAL “B”
BRTS-100 UNIT
PASSIVE BUS
MOVE BRTS-100 “B”
TO EVERY PORT
Figure 4-10. Pair reversal diagram.
32
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CHAPTER 4: Test Procedures
4.7 Monitor
Use this test when you’ve determined there’s nothing physically wrong with
the circuit. The MONITOR procedure checks for any D channel activity.
See the Monitor Flow Chart in Figure 4-11 for an outline of the functions
performed during this test.
Before using this procedure, the following prerequisites must be met:
1. All terminals are properly terminated (CHECK TERMINATIONS).
2. No pair reversals exist on a passive bus (PAIR REVERSAL).
3. LINE TEST passes.
4. Terminal does not work properly.
5. Terminal receiving proper power (CHECK POWER).
If all prerequisites exist, proceed with the MONITOR test procedure.
1. Put the Test Set in UNTERMINATED and NORMAL modes.
2. Put circuit in Test Configuration 2.
3. Put the Test Set in the D Activity test mode.
4. Press the INITIATE button.
5. Try to initiate a call with the terminal.
6. a. If the Red Test Status light flashes, the terminal is putting D channel
data on the bus. There’s a problem with the switch. Possibly the switch
parameters are set wrong.
b. If the Red Test Status light does not flash, the terminal is not
outputting any D channel data. Check your terminal.
This section gives you the Test Set’s circuit-level information.
33
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
MonitorAssumes
1. Test Set is in Normal Mode
2. All Terminals are Properly
Terminated
3. No Pair Reversals on Passive Bus
MONITOR
4. LINE TEST Passes
5. Terminal Does Not Work
6. Terminal Receiving Proper Power
PUT CIRCUIT IN
PASSIVE BUS
CONFIGURATION
(CONFIGURATION 2)
“D” ACTIVITY
INITIATE
CHECKING FOR
D CHANNEL
ACTIVITY
TRY TO INITIATE
A CALL WITH
TERMINAL
NO
YES
TERMINAL IS
PUTTING OUT
D CHANNEL DATA
TERMINAL IS NOT
SENDING ANYTHING
RED LIGHT
FLASH?
CHECK
SWITCH
PARAMETERS
CHECK
TERMINAL
Figure 4-11. Monitor flow chart.
34
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CHAPTER 5: Technical Reference
5. Technical Reference
5.1 Power-Source Indicators
The Phantom Feed light indicates the presence and polarity of battery power.
In NORMal mode, the Test Set verifies that the terminal’s transmit pairs are
positive and its receive pairs are negative. In REVerse mode, the Test Set
verifies that the opposite (transmit negative and receive positive) is true.
See Figure 5-1.
The presence and polarity of Power Source 2 (Auxiliary Power), using pins
7 and 8, can be determined by the AUX LED. Normally, Pin 7 should be
negative and pin 8 should be positive.
The maximum current consumption in Phantom Power (PS1) and
Auxiliary Power (PS2) is approximately 5 mA at 34 VDC and 8.3 mA at 56
VDC.
POWER SOURCE 1 (PHANTOM FEED)
POWER SOURCE 2 (AUXILIARY POWER)
3
3
NETWORK
TERMINAL
+
TRANS.
REC.
6.6K Ω
6
5
6
5
POWER
SOURCE
1
GREEN
RED
PHANTOM
FEED
REC.
TRANS.
-
4
8
4
8
6.6K Ω
+
AUX.
FEED
POWER 2
-
GREEN
RED
7
7
POWER FEED 34-56 VPC
CURRENT CONSUMPTION:
APPROX. 5mA @ 34 VDC
APPROX. 8.3mA @ 56 VDC
7' LOOP
Figure 5-1. Power source indicators.
35
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
5.2 Activation/ Deactivation Modes
The following information provides the steps that lead to an Active Link state
and subsequent Activation/ Deactivation modes (Figure 5-2) between the Test
Set (TE) and an NT device. The Test Set uses this Activation/ Deactivation
procedure in Line Test, Transmit, and D Activity modes. See Figure 5-3 for a
diagram of Info 0–Info 4.
DIU—Deactivate Indication (Timer [32 ms] expired or Info 0 received
[during 16 ms] after deactivation request).
AIU—Activate Indication (Synchronous Receiver).
ARU—Activate Request (Info 1 Received).
RSYD—Resynchronization of U-Interface (Transmission of pseudo ternary
pulses at 96-KHz frequency after loss of synchronization of U-Interface;
Info 2).
ARD—Activate Request (Transmission of Info 3).
AID—Activate Indication (Transmission of Info 4, Active Link).
DR—Deactivate Request.
INFO 0
INFO 1
ARU
RSYD
ARD
INFO 2
ARU
INFO 3
INFO 4
AIU
AID
INFO 0
INFO 0
DR
DR
DIU
Figure 5-2. Activation/ deactivation procedure.
36
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CHAPTER 5: Technical Reference
CCITT I.430 Info 0: No Signal
48 bits in 250 microseconds
TE to NT
D
D
D
D
L
L
L
L
F
B1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1 L
D
D
D
D
L
A
L
F
F
F
F
L B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 L
D
L B1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1 L
D
L B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 L
D
D
D
D
L
L
L
L
F
F
F
F
L
L
L
L
CCITT I.430 Info 1:
CCITT I.430 Info 2:
CCITT I.430 Info 3:
CCITT I.430 Info 4:
48 bits in 250 microseconds
NT to TE
L B1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1 E
F
N B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 E D S1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1 E D S2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 E
0
1
0
48 bits in 250 microseconds
TE to NT
L B1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1 L
F
L B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 L
D
L B1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1 L
D
L B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 L
48 bits in 250 microseconds
NT to TE
L B1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1 E
F
A
N B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 E D S1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1B1 E D S2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 E
0
1
0
Figure 5-3. Info frames.
Line Test/ Transmit (See Figure 5-4)
Line Test and Transmit are exactly the same test. The test is conducted
as follows.
1. Upon pressing the INITIATE button, the Test Set tries to establish
an ACTIVE link with the NT1.
2. If the ACTIVE state is reached, the Test Set sends an alternating
“101010” pattern over the D channel.
3. The Test Set compares the incoming Echo bits with the outgoing D bits.
If they’re not the same, the Test Set flashes the red LED.
Receive Test
The RECEIVE test checks the Test Set’s receive pair to ensure that the Test
Set’s internal clock can synchronize itself to the master clock that’s provided
by the NT1.
Level Test
In the LEVEL test mode, the Test Set measures the transmit level generated
by the NT1 and verifies that the pulse level is above 375mVp or -6 dB, 0 to
peak, ±10%, (per CCITT 1.430 specifications). Note that the LEVEL test is
not included in the LINE TEST. Because many manufacturers of S/ T
interface chips exceed the CCITT requirements, terminals using these chips
will accept a lower pulse level.
37
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
ECHO BITS=?
D=01010101...
REC.
BRTS-100
TRANS.
REC.
NT1
TRANS.
D=E, LINE IS GOOD, PASS
D≠E, LINE IS BAD, FAIL
Figure 5-4. Transmit and line test.
D Activity (See Figure 5-5)
The D Activity test is designed to run when the Test Set is bridged onto the
S/ T interface with an ISDN terminal. D Activity will monitor the Echo bits
for any D channel data transmitted by the terminal. The D Activity test is
conducted as follows:
1. Upon pressing the INITIATE button, the Test Set tries to establish an
ACTIVE link with the NT1.
2. If the ACTIVE state is established, the Test Set monitors the D bits and
the red LED lights up whenever terminal activity is detected on the D
channel (D = 0).
ECHO BITS
RX
TX
RX
TX
TERMINAL
BRTS-100
NT1
D BITS
RX
TX
Figure 5-5. D Activity.
38
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CHAPTER 5: Technical Reference
CCITT 1.430
2.5K
OHMS
250
2KHz
20KHz 30KHz
1MHz
FREQUENCY
NT & TE IMPEDANCE TEMPLATE
FROM 0 - 30 KHz
Figure 5-6. CCITT 1.430.
5.3 AC Impedance
As shown in Figure 5-6, CCITT recommends that the AC impedance at 20 to
30 KHz should be greater than 2.5K ohms. To detect this, the Test Set puts
an R-sense resistor in series with the device under test (Figure 5-7). A 21- KHz
sinusoidal voltage, approximately 1V peak-to-peak, is generated. If the device
is properly terminated, the AC voltage will be equally divided between the R-
sense resistor and the terminating resistor. The AC impedance at 21 KHz is
negligible compared to 100 ohms in parallel. The voltage drop across the R-
sense resistor is fed through a pre-amp and then through a window
comparator circuit. The window is set to detect impedance of between 40 and
140 ohms. The low detect is 40 ohms. The high detect is 140 (min.) and 300
(max) ohms.
If there is no termination provided, the majority of the voltage will drop
across the device under test, and the resultant impedance will fall outside the
comparator window.
5.4 DC Continuity
The DC Continuity test assumes that the loop resistance will be within 0 to 5 K
ohms (see Figure 5-8). A maximum of 5 mA of loop current is generated.
39
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
AC IMPEDANCE
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
+
-
21KHz
GEN
~ 1vpp
TA/NT
100Ω
3
6
ISPC
I.C.
SW1
FILTER
STATUS
HIGH DETECT
INDICATORS APPROX. 150 OHMS
PRE AMP
R-SENSE
100Ω
SAMPLE
WINDOW
&
COMPARATOR
HOLD
Figure 5-7. AC impedance.
9V BATTERY
VDD
LOOP
DETECT
LOOP RESISTANCE
0 - APPROX. 5KΩ
MAX. AMOUNT 5mA
3
6
100Ω
BRTS-100
Figure 5-8. DC continuity.
40
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CHAPTER 5: Technical Reference
5.5 Speaker
The incoming frequency to the speaker is divided by eight. Since ISDN
signals are transmitted at 96 KHz, it has to be reduced in order to be heard
over the speaker.
When the Test Set is in TRACE TONE mode, the incoming frequency to
the speaker is divided by four. So a TRACE tone received by the Test Set
will be heard at 1 KHz. See Figure 5-9.
BRTS-100
BRTS-100
REC.
4KHz
4KHz
TRANS.
REC.
÷4
1KHz
TRANS.
÷4
1KHz
Figure 5-9. Two Test Set units used for tracing.
41
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BRTS-100 ISDN TEST SET
Appendix: Maintenance
The Test Set requires very little maintenance other than replacing the 9-VDC
battery periodically and possibly replacing one or both of the two 8-pin RJ-45-
type jack connectors.
NOTE: Average battery life is approximately 15 hours of continuous use.
Battery Replacement
To replace the 9-VDC battery follow these steps and refer to Figure A-1.
1. Using a #2 Phillips screwdriver, remove the battery cover retaining screw.
2. Lift up on the battery cover and expose the 9-VDC battery.
3. Replace the battery. Replace the battery cover and retaining screw.
BATTERY COVER
RETAINING SCREW
BACK VIEW OF BRTS-100
9 VOLT BATTERY
Figure A-1. Battery replacement diagram.
42
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APPENDIX: Maintenance
8-Pin Jack Replacement
These connectors need to be replaced only when connections no longer
permit a secure-tight connection or when connectors are damaged. In
standard use, however, these connectors shouldn’t ever need to be replaced.
Follow these steps and see Figure A-2.
1. Remove the five screws from the Test Set back cover.
2. Gently lift off the back cover to expose the inside of the unit. Remove the
damaged connector(s) as indicated in Figure A-2.
3. Secure the new jack connector to the Test Set as indicated in Figure A-2.
4. Replace the back cover and retaining screws.
PULL CONNECTOR(S)
STRAIGHT OUT OF SOCKET
RJ-45 JACKS
FRONT PORTION OF BRTS-100
WITH BACK COVER REMOVED
Figure A-2. Replacing the 8-Pin Jack Connector(s).
43
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© Copyright 2002. Black Box Corporation. All rights reserved.
1000 Park Drive
•
Lawrence, PA 15055-1018
•
724-746-5500
•
Fax 724-746-0746
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