Agilent Technologies Projection Television 8472B User Manual

8472B  
Crystal Detector  
Operating and Service  
Manual  
Part number: 08472-90022  
Printed in USA  
Print Date: May 2001  
Supersedes: April 1999  
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Warranty  
Certification  
Warranty  
Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of  
shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration  
measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and  
Technology (NIST, formerly NBS), to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility,  
and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.  
This Agilent Technologies system product is warranted against defects in  
materials and workmanship for a period corresponding to the individual  
warranty periods of its component products. Instruments are warranted for a  
period of one year. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at  
its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective.  
Warranty service for products installed by Agilent and certain other products  
designated by Agilent will be performed at Buyer’s facility at no charge  
within Agilent service travel areas. Outside Agilent service travel areas,  
warranty service will be performed at Buyer’s facility only upon Agilent’s  
prior agreement and Buyer shall pay Agilent’s round trip travel expenses. In  
all other areas, products must be returned to a service facility designated by  
Agilent.  
For products returned to Agilent for warranty service, Buyer shall prepay  
shipping charges to Agilent and Agilent shall pay shipping charges to return  
the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties,  
and taxes for products returned to Agilent from another country.  
Agilent warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent for  
use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when  
properly installed on that instrument. Agilent does not warrant that the  
operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or  
error free.  
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY. The foregoing warranty shall not apply  
to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer,  
Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or  
misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the  
product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.  
NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT  
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR  
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE  
BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. AGILENT SHALL  
NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,  
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INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED  
ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.  
Assistance  
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements  
are available for Agilent Technologies products.  
For assistance, call your local Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office  
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Service and Support  
By internet, phone, or fax, get assistance with all your test and measurement needs.  
On lin e a ssista n ce: www.agilent.com/find/assist  
Un ited Sta tes  
La tin Am er ica  
Ca n a d a  
Eu r op e  
(tel) 1 800 452 4844  
(tel) (305) 269 7500  
(fax) (305) 269 7599  
(tel) 1 877 894 4414  
(fax) (905) 282-6495  
(tel) (+31) 20 547 2323  
(fax) (+31) 20 547 2390  
New Zea la n d  
J a p a n  
Au str a lia  
(tel) 0 800 738 378  
(fax) (+64) 4 495 8950  
(tel) (+81) 426 56 7832  
(fax) (+81) 426 56 7840  
(tel) 1 800 629 485  
(fax) (+61) 3 9210 5947  
Asia Call Center Numbers  
Country  
Phone Number  
Fax Number  
Singapore  
Malaysia  
1-800-375-8100  
1-800-828-848  
(65) 836-0252  
1-800-801664  
Philippines  
(632) 8426802  
(632) 8426809  
1-800-16510170 (PLDT Subscriber Only)  
1-800-16510288 (PLDT Subscriber  
Only)  
Thailand  
(088) 226-008 (outside Bangkok)  
(662) 661-3999 (within Bangkok)  
(66) 1-661-3714  
Hong Kong  
Taiwan  
800-930-871  
0800-047-866  
(852) 2506 9233  
(886) 2 25456723  
10800-650-0121  
Peoples Republic of  
China  
800-810-0189 (preferred)  
10800-650-0021  
India  
1-600-11-2929  
000-800-650-1101  
Any adjustment, maintenance, or repair of this product must be performed  
by qualified personnel. Contact your customer engineer through your local  
Agilent Service Center. If you do not have access to the Internet, one of these  
Agilent centers can direct you to your nearest Agilent representative:  
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Safety and Regulatory Information  
Review this product and related documentation to familiarize yourself with  
safety marking and instructions before you operate the instrument. This  
product has been designed and tested in accordance with international  
standards.  
WARNING  
CAUTION  
The WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,  
practice, or the like, that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result  
in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the  
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.  
The CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating  
procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered  
to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not  
proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully  
understood and met.  
Instrument Markings  
When you see this symbol on your instrument, you should refer to the instrument’s  
instruction manual for important information.  
!
This symbol indicates hazardous voltages.  
The laser radiation symbol is marked on products that have a laser output.  
This symbol indicates that the instrument requires alternating current (ac) input.  
The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community. If it is  
accompanied by a year, it indicates the year the design was proven.  
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.  
1SM1-A  
This text indicates that the instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1  
Class A product (CISPER 11, Clause 4).  
This symbol indicates that the power line switch is ON.  
This symbol indicates that the power line switch is OFF or in STANDBY position.  
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Contents  
8472B Operating and Service Manual Contents 1  
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Description  
Description  
The 8472B crystal detector is a 50 Ω (nominal) device designed for  
measurement use in coaxial systems.  
Features The instrument converts RF power levels applied to the 50 input  
connector into proportional values of dc voltage.  
The instrument measures relative power up to 200 mW and has a BNC  
female connector for the output jack which allows the detected output to  
be connected to a SWR meter.  
The output voltage polarity is negative, unless Option 003 is selected.  
The frequency range of the detector is 10 MHz to 18 GHz.  
Options  
The 8472B crystal detector is available with the following options. Refer to  
Table 1 for further descriptions.  
Option 001:  
Option 002:  
Option 003:  
Option 100:  
Matched pair of detectors  
Optimum square law load  
Positive polarity output  
Female OSSM type output connector  
Mating Connectors The mating output connector used with the crystal detector must be a  
male BNC connector for the standard output connector or an OSSM  
male connector for Option 100.  
The mating RF input connector must be a female SMA connector.  
CAUTION  
SMA connectors have a limited life in applications that require repeated  
connecting and disconnecting. In-series adapters should be used for such  
applications.  
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Installation  
Installation  
Initial Inspection  
1. Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or  
cushioning material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of  
the shipment have been checked for completeness and the instrument  
has been checked mechanically and electrically. Procedures for checking  
electrical performance are given under Performance Tests.  
2. If the contents are incomplete, if there is mechanical damage or defect,  
or if the instrument does not pass the electrical performance test, contact  
the nearest Agilent Technologies office. Refer to “Service and Support”  
on page v. Agilent Technologies will arrange for repair or replacement  
of the damaged or defective equipment. Keep the shipping materials for  
the carrier’s inspection.  
3. If you are returning the instrument for service, repackaging the  
instrument requires original shipping containers and materials or their  
equivalents. Agilent Technologies can provide packaging materials  
identical to the original materials. Refer to “Service and Support” on  
page v. Attach a tag indicating the type of service required, return  
address, model number and serial number. Mark the container  
FRAGILE to insure careful handling. In any correspondence, refer to  
the instrument by model number and serial number.  
Storage and Shipment  
The instrument should be stored in a clean, dry environment. The following  
environmental limitations apply to both storage and shipment:  
a. Temperature:  
b. Altitude  
c. Humidity  
d. Shock  
54 C to +85 °C  
< 7620 meters (25,000 feet)  
< 95% relative  
100 G for 11 ms  
e. Vibration  
20 G from 80 to 2000 Hz  
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Specifications  
Specifications  
Specifications are performance standards or limits against which the  
detectors are tested.  
Table 1 Specifications  
Frequency Range: 10 MHz to 18 GHz  
Options:  
Note: RF may leak through the output connector below 1 GHz. It can be  
Option 001:  
reduced, if objectionable, with a suitable low pass filter.  
Matched detector pair. Frequency response characteristics  
(exclusive of basic sensitivity) track within ±0.2 dB from 10 MHz to  
12.4 GHz, ±0.3 dB from 12.4 GHz to 18 GHz.  
1, 2, 4  
Frequency Response:  
Octave flatness:  
Option 002:  
±0.2 dB over any octave 10 MHz to 8 GHz  
Broadband flatness:  
Furnished with matched load resistor for optimum square law  
characteristics of 25 °C, within ±0.5 dB from square law over a  
range of at least 30 dB up to 10 mV peak output, working into an  
external load > 8 k . Sensitivity typically is greater than  
0.1 mV/µW when load resistor is used.  
±0.3 dB 10 MHz to 12.4 GHz  
±0.5 dB 10 MHz to 15 GHz  
±0.6 dB 10 MHz to 18 GHz  
Option 003:  
Positive polarity output  
Option 100:  
1,2  
SWR (Max):  
10 MHz to 4.5 GHz, 1.2  
4.5 GHz to 7.0 GHz, 1.35  
7.0 GHz to 12.4 GHz, 1.50  
12.4 GHz to 18 GHz, 1.70  
Female OSSM-type output connector  
Environmental:  
Operating temperature: 20 to +85 °C  
Humidity: < 95% relative  
Maximum Operating Input Power:  
200 mW, peak or average  
Vibration: 20 G from 80 to 2000 Hz  
Shock: 100 G for 11 ms  
Altitude: < 4570 meters (15,000 feet)  
Maximum Short Term Input Power:  
1 watt (typical) peak or average for < 1 minute  
General:  
1, 3, 4  
Weight: Net 57 g (2 oz.)  
Sensitivity:  
Dimensions: 64 mm long, 14 mm diameter  
(2.50 in. long, 0.56 in. diameter)  
High level: < 0.35 mW produces 100 mV output  
Low level: > 0.5 mVdc/µW CW  
Input Impedance: 50 (nominal)  
2
Output Impedance: 1 to 2 k (typically 1.3 k ) shunted by  
1. Specifications given for +25° C unless otherwise noted  
2. Measurement made at 20 dBm  
3. Sensitivity decreases with increasing temperature, typically:  
0.5 dB from 20 to +25 °C;  
40 to 60 pF (typically 50 pF).  
Output Polarity: Negative (refer to Options for positive polarity units).  
Detector Element: Supplied (refer to Table 2 for replacement elements)  
Bias: Not required  
0.5 dB from +25 to +40 °C;  
1 dB from +40 to +55 °C;  
1.25 dB from +55 to +75 °C;  
Noise: < 50 µVpp with CW applied to produce 100 mV output,  
1 dB from +75 to +85 °C.  
400 kHz bandwidth.  
4. External load resistance > 50 k Ω  
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Operating Information  
Operating Information  
The crystal detector can be used as a demodulator to obtain a pulse envelope  
which can then be observed on an oscilloscope. It can also be used as a  
general purpose detector.  
Static discharge can damage the detector element. A 100 pF capacitor  
(1.2 m [4 ft] of coax cable) charged to 14 volts stores .1 erg, the  
maximum pulse rating of the detector element.  
CAUTION  
Connect cables to test equipment and discharge the center conductor  
before you connect to the detector.  
DO NOT NEEDLESSLY HANDLE THE DETECTOR ELEMENT  
USED IN CRYSTAL DETECTOR. Static electricity which builds up on  
a person, especially on a cold dry day, must never be allowed to  
discharge through the crystal detector.  
Avoid exposed leads to or from the crystal detector, since these are often  
touched accidentally.  
The power applied to the detector can be either modulated or continuous  
wave (CW). If modulated at a 1000 Hz rate, a SWR meter can be used as an  
indicator. For CW detection, a dc milliammeter or millivoltmeter can be used  
as the indicator.  
NOTE  
When using the crystal detector with an oscilloscope, and the waveshapes to  
be observed have rise times of less than 5µs, the coaxial cable connecting  
oscilloscope and detector should be as short as possible and shunted with a  
resistor.  
Ideally, this resistor should be 50 to terminate the coaxial cable properly.  
However, with 50 resistance, the output video pulse may be too small to  
drive some oscilloscopes. Therefore, the cable should be shunted with the  
smallest value of resistance that will obtain suitable deflection on the  
oscilloscope; typically the value will lie between 50 and 2 k Ω. The larger  
the resistance, the more degradation of rise time.  
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Operating Information  
Operator’s Checks  
Peak Power Measurement  
The procedure for peak power measurement involves calibration of an  
oscilloscope which, in turn, is used to calibrate a CW generator. The output  
of the calibrated CW generator is measured with a power meter and thereby  
the peak power of a pulse is measured.  
Refer to Figure 1 for the equipment setup in the steps referenced below.  
1. Measure the output amplitude resulting from the pulse.  
a. Connect equipment as shown in Figure 1, step A.  
b. Observe the pulse on a de-coupled oscilloscope.  
c. Using a marking pencil, mark on the graticule the base-to-peak  
amplitude of the pulse envelope.  
2. Match the output amplitude to the CW source power.  
a. Replace the pulse source with a CW generator.  
b. While observing the oscilloscope trace, adjust the amplitude of CW  
generator output to make the detector’s output equal to that of the  
pulse generator, as indicated by markings on the graticule (step A).  
3. Measure the output power from the CW source.  
a. Leave the CW generator at the setting obtained in step B.  
b. Disconnect the detector from CW generator.  
c. Connect the output of CW generator to the power meter (step C).  
d. Measure the adjusted levels (set in step B) of the CW generator  
output. The peak power of the pulse envelope observed in step A is  
equal to the output power of the CW generator.  
Figure 1 Peak Power Measurement  
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Operating Information  
Reflectometer Application  
For information about reflectometer systems and measurements refer to  
Agilent Technologies Application Note Index. Copies are available upon  
request.  
Harmony Frequency Comparison Measurement Application  
The detector can be used as a mixer in harmonic-frequency comparison  
measurements. Refer to Agilent Technologies Application Note Index for  
further information.  
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Performance Tests  
Performance Tests  
Methods for testing detector specifications are given below. Refer to the  
manuals of the equipment involved for specific operating instructions.  
NOTE  
Multiple mismatch errors caused by attenuator SWR, power meter SWR,  
and detector SWR should be taken into account, as well as the accuracy of  
the indicator used to measure the detector’s output.  
Frequency  
Response Test  
1. Using signal sources covering 10 MHz to 18 GHz with a 10 dB isolating  
attenuator and a power meter, connect the power sensor to the attenuator.  
Adjust the CW RF power level to 20 dBm input to the power sensor.  
2. Without changing the RF power level of signal source, disconnect the  
power sensor.  
3. Connect the detector to the attenuator. Measure the dc voltage output  
and record the measurement.  
4. Change the frequency of the signal source and repeat steps 1 through 3.  
5. Since the detector follows a square-law response at this power level, its  
output is proportional to power (P = 10 log V ). Total variation of  
dB  
o
detector readings should meet specifications (refer to Table 1) for all  
frequencies of interest across the band.  
Higher Level  
Sensitivity Test  
1. Using signal sources covering 10 MHz to 18 GHz and a dc voltmeter or  
oscilloscope as the indicator, connect the detector to the signal source.  
Adjust the RF power level for a 100 mV detected output from the  
detector, using a CW signal.  
2. Disconnect the detector from the signal source and measure the RF  
output level. The RF output level should be 0.35 mW.  
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all frequencies of interest across the band.  
Low Level  
Sensitivity Test  
1. Using a signal source (covering 10 MHz to 18 GHz), a 10 dB attenuator,  
and a power meter, connect the attenuator to the signal source and power  
sensor to the attenuator. Adjust the RF power level for 20 dBm output  
from the attenuator. Verify the ambient temperature.  
2. Disconnect the power sensor from the attenuator and connect the  
detector. Measure the dc voltage output from the detector. The output  
should be > 5.0 mV at 25× °C. Between 20× °C and 30× °C the  
sensitivity slope is typically 0.04 dB/× °C.  
Match Test (SWR)  
1. To verify the detector’s SWR specifications, use any system whose  
measurement accuracies for SWR (residual SWR) are known.  
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Service Instructions  
Service Instructions  
Repair and  
Replacement  
Repair and replacement information for the 8472B crystal detector are given  
below. For additional maintenance information, refer to “Service and  
Support” on page v for the nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service  
office.  
The detectors have no internal adjustments.  
Replaceable Parts  
Part numbers for replaceable parts are given in Table 2. To order a  
replacement part, address your order or inquiry to the nearest Agilent  
Technologies office. Include the model number, Agilent Technologies part  
number, and a description.  
Detector Element  
Replacement  
The detector element assembly includes only a detector element. All other  
internal parts are to be retained for re-use in the detector.  
Read the following precautions carefully before performing any operation  
with the detector element when it is out of either the housing or the detector  
element shipping container.  
Before installing the diode into the mount, touch the exposed metal on  
CAUTION  
the mount with your hand to discharge static electricity.  
When handing the diode to another person, first touch hands to ensure  
that there is no difference in static electricity potential between you.  
Ohmmeters should not be used to measure forward- and back-resistance  
since it is easy to damage these diodes. The ohmmeter’s open-circuit  
voltages and short-circuit currents may cause problems.  
Parts mentioned in the following procedure are identified in Figures 2 and 3  
on page 10.  
1. Remove the female BNC connector and compression spring from inside  
of the connector cap.  
2. Remove the connector cap from the body. Use a pair of pliers with  
plastic jaws or protect the body with heavy paper or tape.  
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Service Instructions  
Do not rotate the detector element while inserting or removing as  
CAUTION  
damage may result.  
The detector element might be damaged if the detector element is not  
centered.  
When inserting the detector element, do not force the large pin end into  
the center conductor.  
3. Remove the old detector element and the polyiron washer. Discard the  
detector element.  
4. Install the RF adapter washer, polyiron ring, axial spacer, and new  
detector element. Refer to Figures 2 and 3 for the proper orientation for  
the internal components.  
a. Insert the RF washer first with the large step on the washer facing  
toward the crystal mount body and the small step on the washer  
facing toward the detector element.  
b. Carefully insert the large pin end of the detector element into the  
center contact inside the detector body.  
c. Place the polyiron ring and the axial spacer over the small pin end of  
the detector element. The polyiron ring fits into the axial spacer.  
5. Carefully place the connector cap over the body and assembled  
components and tighten firmly in place.  
6. Place the compression spring into the center conductor of the female  
BNC or OSSM connector. Carefully start the spring over the small pin of  
the detector element through the hole in the connector cap. Keep the  
spring in the center connector and screw the female connector firmly  
into place.  
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Service Instructions  
Figure 2 8472B Crystal Detector Assembly  
Figure 3 8472B Option 100 Crystal Detector Assembly  
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Service Instructions  
Table 2 Replaceable Parts  
Description  
Part Number  
1
8472B and 8472B, Option 100 Assemblies  
Connector, SMA male  
Connector, OSSM female (Option 100)  
Spring, compression  
Washer, lock internal  
Ring, polyiron  
1250-0683  
1250-0924  
1460-0072  
2190-0016  
5021-0801  
5021-0802  
5021-0127  
08472-2001  
08472-2007  
08472-20011  
08472-20012  
5086-1364  
1250-0212  
08472-20009  
08742-20002  
Spacer, axial  
Washer, RF adapter  
Body, crystal mount  
Cap, connector  
Cap, connector, (Option 100)  
Sleeve (Option 100)  
Pin and bead assembly includes:  
Connector, BNC female  
Contact, diode  
Locator  
1
Replacement Element Diode Assemblies  
Single diode negative polarity  
08470-60012  
08470--60013  
08470-60016  
08470-60017  
Single diode positive polarity (Opt 003)  
Matched pair diodes negative polarity (Opt 001)  
Matched pair diodes positive polarity (Opt 001 and Option 003)  
1. Refer to Table 1 for a description of options.  
8472B Operating and Service Manual 11  
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