Agilent Technologies Car Satellite TV System 83434A User Manual

Agilent 83434A  
Lightwave Receiver  
Users Guide  
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General Safety Considerations  
General Safety Considerations  
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publica-  
tion 61010-1, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,  
Control, and Laboratory Use, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The  
instruction documentation contains information and warnings that must be  
followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a  
safe condition.  
WARNING  
WARNING  
If this inst rument is not used as specified, the prot ection provided by  
the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a  
normal condition ( in which all means for protect ion are int act) only.  
To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent 83434A from  
mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened wit h  
water t o clean the ext ernal case parts. Do not att empt to clean  
int ernally.  
WARNING  
This is a Safet y Class 1 product ( provided with a protect ive earthing  
ground incorporated in the power cord) . The mains plug shall only be  
insert ed in a socket out let provided wit h a protect ive earth cont act.  
Any interruption of the prot ective conductor inside or out side of the  
product is likely t o make t he product dangerous. Intentional  
int erruption is prohibit ed.  
WARNING  
WARNING  
No operat or serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified  
personnel. To prevent elect rical shock, do not remove covers.  
For cont inued prot ection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only  
wit h same type and ratings ( 5x20 mm, 1.6 A, 250 V time-delay, low  
breaking capacity fuse) . The use of other fuses or mat erials is  
prohibit ed.  
CAUTION  
CAUTION  
This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution  
Degree 2 per IEC 61010-1 and 664 respectively.  
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the  
convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient  
temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating  
iii  
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General Safety Considerations  
temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the  
cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts,  
then forced convection must be used.  
CAUTION  
CAUTION  
CAUTION  
Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this instrument.  
Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause  
instrument damage.  
Do n ot connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct as  
described in Chapter 4, Specifications and Regulatory Information. Damage  
to the equipment could result.  
This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage  
is within the specified range.  
Measurement accuracy—its up to you!  
Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables  
and accessories. The Agilent 83434A front-panel OPTICAL INPUT connector is no excep-  
tion. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive  
instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements.  
Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the Agilent 83434A, Fiber-Optic Connec-  
tors” on page 3-8.  
iv  
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The Agilent 83434AAt a Glance  
The Agilent 83434AAt a Glance  
The Agilent 83434A 10 Gb/s lightwave receiver is designed to recover clock  
data and to provide linear, non-retimed data from digitally modulated SDH/  
SONET STM-64/OC-192 optical signals, as well as signals employing forward  
error correction (FEC) at 10.664 Gb/s (option 106). The receiver is based on  
an amplified PIN receiver to produce a linear output with AGC stabilization.  
The receiver is designed to provide 16 dBm sensitivity with PRBS lengths to  
231 1 with BER performance of at least 1E-10.  
The recovered clock can be used as a trigger input for the Agilent Infiniium  
DCA to allow optical eye diagram measurements when no external clock sig-  
nal is available for triggering. The recovered clock also provides the required  
clock input for the error detector of the Agilent 71612B error performance  
analyzer. The non-retimed data output can be used with an error detector to  
measure and optimize BER. The output of the receiver is also appropriate for  
eye contour and Q-factor measurements.  
The Agilent 83434A can be combined with the Agilent 83433A 10 Gb/s light-  
wave transmitter to create a complete optical link for system or fiber testing,  
or to form a basis for substitution testing of commercial transmitters and  
receivers.  
v
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Contents  
1 Gett ing Started  
2 Using t he Agilent 83434A  
3 Reference  
Options 3-3  
Fiber-Optic Connectors 3-8  
Instrument Service 3-18  
4 Specificat ions and Regulat ory Informat ion  
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics 4-3  
Regulatory Information 4-6  
Contents-1  
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Contents  
Contents-2  
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1
Step 1. Inspect the Shipment 1-3  
Step 2. Check the Fuse 1-5  
Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable 1-6  
Step 4. Turn on the Agilent 83434A 1-8  
Step 5. Avoid costly repairs 1-9  
Step 6. Learn more about our products 1-10  
Getting Started  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
This chapter shows you how to install your lightwave receiver. After youve  
completed this chapter, continue with Chapter 2, Using the Agilent 83434A.  
Refer to Chapter 3, Referencefor the following additional information:  
techniques.  
Lists of available accessories and power cords.  
Instructions on returning your instrument to Agilent Technologies for service.  
Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices.  
Chapter 4, Specifications and Regulatory Informationcontains information  
on operating conditions, such as temperature.  
1-2  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
Step 1. Inspect the Shipment  
Inspect the shipping container for damage.  
Inspect the instrument.  
Verify that you received the accessories you ordered.  
Keep the shipping container and cushioning material until you have inspected  
the contents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the light-  
wave receiver mechanically and electrically.  
The lightwave receiver is packed within a carton. Refer to Instrument Ser-  
viceon page 3-18, for the description and part numbers of the packaging  
materials. Refer to Optionson page 3-3, for the accessories shipped with the  
lightwave receiver.  
If the shipping materials are in good condition, retain them for possible future  
use. You may wish to ship the lightwave receiver to another location or return  
it to Agilent Technologies for service. Refer to Instrument Serviceon  
page 3-18.  
If anything is missing or defective, or if the lightwave receiver does not pass  
the verification test, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office. If  
the shipment was damaged, contact the carrier, then contact the nearest Agi-  
1-3  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
lent Technologies Sales Office. Keep the shipping materials for the carriers  
inspection. The Agilent Sales Office will arrange for repair or replacement at  
Agilent Technologiesoption without waiting for claim settlement.  
Ser ia l numbers  
Agilent Technologies makes frequent improvements to its products to  
enhance their performance, usability, or reliability, and to control costs. Agi-  
lent service personnel have access to complete records of design changes to  
each type of equipment, based on the equipments serial number. Whenever  
you contact Agilent about your lightwave receiver, have the complete serial  
number available to ensure obtaining the most complete and accurate infor-  
mation possible.  
A serial-number label is attached to the rear of the lightwave receiver. It con-  
tains the serial number and the options installed in the lightwave receiver.  
Whenever you specify the serial number or refer to it in obtaining information  
about your lightwave receiver, be sure to use the complete number.  
1-4  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
Step 2. Check the Fuse  
1 Locate the line-input connector on the instruments rear panel.  
2 Disconnect the line-power cable if it is connected.  
3 Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to pry open the fuse holder door.  
4 The fuse is housed in a small container. Insert the tip of a screwdriver on the  
side of the container and gently pull outward to remove the container. A spare  
fuse is stored below the line fuse.  
WARNING  
For cont inued prot ection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only  
wit h same type and ratings ( 5×20 mm, 1.6 A, 250 V time-delay, low  
breaking capacity fuse) . The use of other fuses or mat erials is  
prohibit ed.  
1-5  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable  
CAUTION  
Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this instrument.  
Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause  
instrument damage.  
CAUTION  
CAUTION  
Do not connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct as  
described in the following paragraphs. Damage to the equipment could result.  
This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage  
is within the specified range.  
1-6  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
1 Verify that the line power meets the requirements shown in the following table.  
Line Power Requirements  
Power  
115 VAC: 50 Watts MAX  
230 VAC: 50 Watts MAX  
Voltage  
nominal: 115 VAC range:90132 V  
nominal:230 VACrange:98254 V  
Frequency  
nominal:50 Hz/60 Hzrange:4763 Hz  
2 Connect the line-power cord to the rear-panel connector of the instrument.  
3 Connect the other end of the line-power cord to the power receptacle.  
Various power cables are available to connect the Agilent 83434A to ac power  
outlets unique to specific geographic areas. The cable appropriate for the area  
to which the Agilent 83434A is originally shipped is included with the unit. You  
can order additional ac power cables for use in different geographic areas.  
Refer to Power Cordson page 3-7.  
1-7  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
Step 4. Turn on the Agilent 83434A  
With the power cable inserted into the line module, turn the lightwave  
receiver on by pressing the line switch. The green light-emitting diode (LED)  
should light.  
NOTE  
The front panel LINE switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after  
the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument.  
If the Agilent 83434A fails to turn on properly, consider the following possibili-  
ties:  
Is the line fuse good?  
Does the line socket have power?  
Is it plugged into the proper ac power source?  
If the instrument still fails, return it to Agilent Technologies for repair. Refer to  
Instrument Serviceon page 3-18  
1-8  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
Step 5. Avoid costly repairs  
CAUTION  
Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or  
damaged cables and accessories. The front-panel connectors of the  
Agilent 83434A are no exception. When you use improper cleaning and  
handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables,  
and compromised measurements. Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to  
the Agilent 83434A, refer to Fiber-Optic Connectorson page 3-8.  
1-9  
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Getting Started  
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A  
Step 6. Learn more about our products  
To learn more about Agilent Technologies products, visit our website at  
If you wish to find out more about your new lightwave receiver, use the key-  
word 83434Ain your search.  
1-10  
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2
Front-Panel Features 2-2  
Rear-Panel Features 2-3  
Quick Confidence Check 2-4  
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set 2-6  
BER Performance Verification 2-9  
Using the Agilent 83434A  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
Front-Panel Features  
Front-Panel Features  
Figure 2-1. The Agilent 83434A front panel.  
CLOCK OUT  
DATA OUT  
OPTICAL IN  
Output is nominally 9.95328 GHz or 10.66423 GHz (option  
106).  
Provides an amplified, non-retimed signal corresponding to  
the incoming data stream.  
Maximum signal input is 0 dBm, damage level input is +7  
dBm. This input accepts any of the Agilent 81000-series  
connector interface adapters.  
INPUT PRESENT  
Indicates the presence of sufficient optical power.  
2-2  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
Rear-Panel Features  
Rear-Panel Features  
Figure 2-2. The Agilent 83434A rear panel.  
2-3  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
Quick Confidence Check  
Quick Confidence Check  
This procedure verifies the basic functionality of the lightwave receiver. The  
following equipment is used:  
Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver  
Pattern generator  
Clock source  
Optical oscilloscope  
Optical source  
Note  
Before starting be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-  
dures describe in Fiber-Optic Connectorson page 3-8.  
1 Turn on the Agilent 83434A and let it warm up for 30 minutes.  
2 Connect the output of the optical source (13001600 nm, 16 dBm,  
modulated at 9953.28 Mb/s or, for option 106, 10664.23 Mb/s) to the OPTICAL  
INPUT of the Agilent 83434A. The INPUT PRESENT LED should turn on.  
3 Connect the CLOCK OUT and DATA OUT of the Agilent 83434A to the input of an  
oscilloscope.  
4 Check for clock and data waveforms.  
2-4  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
Quick Confidence Check  
If the ver ifica tion check fa ils  
If the lightwave receiver does not pass the verification check, you should  
review the procedure being performed when the problem occurred. A few  
minutes spent performing some simple checks may save waiting for your  
instrument to be repaired. Before calling Agilent Technologies or returning  
the unit for service, please make the following checks:  
1 Is the line fuse good?  
2 Does the line socket have power?  
3 Is the unit plugged in to the proper ac power source?  
4 Is the unit turned on? Verify the green light-emitting diode (LED) next to the  
line switch is on, indicating that the power supply is on.  
5 If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with the lightwave  
receiver, are they connected properly and operating correctly?  
6 Review the procedure for the test being performed when the problem  
appeared. Are all the settings correct?  
7 Are the connectors clean? Refer to Cleaning Connectorson page 3-15 for  
more information about cleaning the connectors.  
If the lightwave receiver still fails, you can:  
Return the lightwave receiver to Agilent Technologies for repair. If the light-  
wave receiver is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent Technologies  
maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or  
contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the lightwave receiver  
is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies  
maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair  
after examining the unit. Refer to Instrument Serviceon page 3-18 for more  
information.  
WARNING  
No operat or serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified  
personnel. To prevent elect rical shock do not remove covers.  
2-5  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set  
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio  
Test Set  
The following procedure describes how to connect the lightwave receiver to a  
bit-error-ratio test set (BERT). Refer to Figure 2-3 on page 2-7.  
Note  
Before starting, be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-  
dures describe inFiber-Optic Connectorson page 3-8.  
2-6  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set  
Figure 2-3. Connecting the Agilent 83434A to a bit-error-ratio test system.  
1 Turn the lightwave receiver on. Let it warm up for 30 minutes.  
2 Turn on the BERT and the laser and let them warm up according to their  
specifications.  
3 Perform any calibrations indicated in the documentation for the BERT.  
4 Connect a cable from the CLOCK OUT connector on the lightwave receiver to the  
clock input connector of the BERT. An adapter may be necessary.  
5 Connect a cable from the DATA OUT connector on the lightwave receiver to the  
data input connector on the BERT. An adapter may be necessary.  
6 Clean the end of the OPTICAL INPUTglass fiber on the lightwave receiver and both  
ends of the glass fiber cable. Refer to Fiber-Optic Connectorson page 3-8 for  
instructions.  
7 Connect the optical connector interface to the OPTICAL INPUT. Notice the  
connector interface has a small protrusion. This protrusion fits in the slot of the  
OPTICAL INPUT connector.  
8 Connect the cable to the receiver optical connector interface.  
2-7  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set  
9 Connect the laser source to the fiber optic cable.  
2-8  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
BER Performance Verification  
BER Performance Verification  
This procedure verifies BER performance of the of the Agilent 83434A light-  
wave receiver with the Agilent 83433A and 71612B.  
The following equipment is used:  
Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver  
Agilent 83433A lightwave transmitter  
Agilent 71612B Bit Error Rate Tester  
Optical attenuator  
Optical multimeter  
Note  
Before starting, be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-  
dures describe in Fiber-Optic Connectorson page 3-8.  
2-9  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
BER Performance Verification  
1 Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-4.  
Figure 2-4. Setup to perform BER performance verification of the 83434A  
2-10  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
BER Performance Verification  
2 Set the Agilent 71612B as follows:  
CLOCK OUTPUT  
SIG GEN FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9953.28 MHZ  
SIG GEN FREQ (for 83434 option 106) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10664.23 MHZ  
MENU  
DATA OUTPUT  
Ext AC COUPLED  
DATA AMPLITUDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 V  
PATTERN  
PRBS  
2 31–1  
3 Disable WAVELENGTH ADJUST on the 83433A.  
4 Turn on the 83433A laser.  
5 Adjust the optical attenuator for a maximum of 0 dBm and a minimum of  
16 dbm at the output of the attenuator.  
6 Set the Agilent 71612B as follows:  
MENU  
INPUT & EYE  
0/1 THR CENTER  
CLK/DATA ALIGN  
MENU  
GATING  
RUN GATING  
7 Verify that the 71612B reports zero errors.  
2-11  
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Using the Agilent 83434A  
BER Performance Verification  
2-12  
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3
Options 3-3  
Choosing the Right Connector 3-8  
Inspecting Connectors 3-11  
Cleaning Connectors 3-15  
Instrument Service 3-18  
Preparing the Instrument for Shipping 3-19  
Agilent TechnologiesService Offices 3-21  
Reference  
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Reference  
Accessories Supplied  
Accessories Supplied  
The Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver is shipped with:  
FC/PC connector interface on the optical input of the lightwave receiver unless  
a different option was ordered. Refer to Agilent 83434A Optionson page 3-3  
for a complete list of the available connector interfaces.  
Agilen t 83434A Lightwave Receiver Users Gu ide, Agilent part number  
83434-90005.  
Available  
The Fiber Optics Handbook, Agilent part number 5952-9654, is an introduc-  
seperately  
tion and reference for fiber-optic measurements.  
3-2  
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Reference  
Options  
Options  
Table 3-1. Agilent 83434A Options  
Option  
Description  
Option 011  
Diamond (HMS-10) connector interface on  
the optical input of the lightwave receiver  
Option 013  
Option 014  
Option 017  
Option 106  
DIN connector interface on the optical  
input of the lightwave receiver  
ST connector interface on the optical input  
of the lightwave receiver  
SC connector interface on the optical input  
of the lightwave receiver  
For FEC signals, substitutes clock recovery  
at 10.644 GHz  
3-3  
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Reference  
Replacement Parts  
Replacement Parts  
Table 3-2. Replacement Parts  
Description  
Agilent Part Number  
APC 3.5 F-to-F (connector saver)  
APC 3.5 50 ohm termination  
FC/PC connector interface  
5061-5311  
1810-0118  
81000FI  
3-4  
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Reference  
Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters  
Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters  
Table 3-3. Front Panel Fiber-Optic Adaptes (1 of 2)  
Front Panel  
Fiber-Optic  
Adapter  
Description  
Agilent Part Number  
81000AI  
Diamond HMS-10  
a
81000FI  
FC/PC  
D4  
81000GI  
SC  
81000KI  
DIN  
ST  
81000SI  
81000VI  
Biconic  
81000WI  
Dust Covers  
FC connector  
1005-0594  
1005-0593  
1005-0595  
Diamond HMS-10 connector  
DIN connector  
3-5  
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Reference  
Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters  
Table 3-3. Front Panel Fiber-Optic Adaptes (2 of 2)  
Front Panel  
Fiber-Optic  
Adapter  
Description  
Agilent Part Number  
ST connector  
SC connector  
1005-0596  
1005-0597  
a. The FC/PC adapter is the standard adapter supplied with the instrument.  
3-6  
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Reference  
Power Cords  
Power Cords  
Length  
(in/cm)  
Plug Type  
Cable Part No. Plug Description  
Color  
Country  
250V  
8120-1351  
8120-1703  
Straight *BS1363A  
90°  
90/228  
90/228  
Gray  
Mint Gray  
United Kingdom,  
Cyprus, Nigeria, Zimba-  
bwe, Singapore  
250V  
250V  
8120-1369  
8120-0696  
Straight *NZSS198/ASC  
90°  
79/200  
87/221  
Gray  
Australia, New Zealand  
Mint Gray  
8120-1689  
8120-1692  
8120-2857p  
Straight *CEE7-Y11  
90°  
Straight (Shielded)  
79/200  
79/200  
79/200  
Mint Gray  
Mint Gray  
Coco Brown  
East and West Europe,  
Saudi Arabia, So.  
Africa, India (unpolar-  
ized in many nations)  
125V  
8120-1378  
8120-1521  
8120-1992  
Straight *NEMA5-15P  
90°  
Straight (Medical) UL544  
90/228  
90/228  
96/244  
Jade Gray  
Jade Gray  
Black  
United States, Canada,  
Mexico, Philippines,  
Taiwan  
250V  
220V  
8120-2104  
8120-2296  
Straight *SEV1011  
1959-24507  
Type 12 90°  
79/200  
79/200  
Mint Gray  
Mint Gray  
Switzerland  
Denmark  
8120-2956  
8120-2957  
Straight *DHCK107  
90°  
79/200  
79/200  
Mint Gray  
Mint Gray  
250V  
100V  
8120-4211  
8120-4600  
Straight SABS164  
90°  
79/200  
79/200  
Jade Gray  
Dark Gray  
Republic of South  
Africa  
India  
8120-4753  
8120-4754  
Straight MITI  
90°  
90/230  
90/230  
Japan  
* Part number shown for plug is the industry identifier for the plug only. Number shown for cable is the Agilent  
Technologies part number for the complete cable including the plug.  
3-7  
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Reference  
Fiber-Optic Connectors  
Fiber-Optic Connectors  
Today, advances in measurement capabilities make connectors and connec-  
tion techniques more important than ever. Damage to the connectors on cali-  
bration and verification devices, test ports, cables, and other devices can  
degrade measurement accuracy and damage instruments. Replacing a dam-  
aged connector can cost thousands of dollars, not to mention lost time! This  
expense can be avoided by observing the simple precautions presented in this  
book. This book also contains a brief list of tips for caring for electrical connec-  
tors.  
Choosing the Right Connector  
A critical but often overlooked factor in making a good lightwave measure-  
ment is the selection of the fiber-optic connector. The differences in connec-  
tor types are mainly in the mechanical assembly that holds the ferrule in  
position against another identical ferrule. Connectors also vary in the polish,  
curve, and concentricity of the core within the cladding. Mating one style of  
cable to another requires an adapter. Agilent Technologies offers adapters for  
most instruments to allow testing with many different cables. Figure 3-1 on  
page 3-9 shows the basic components of a typical connectors.  
The system tolerance for reflection and insertion loss must be known when  
selecting a connector from the wide variety of currently available connectors.  
Some items to consider when selecting a connector are:  
How much insertion loss can be allowed?  
Will the connector need to make multiple connections? Some connectors are  
better than others, and some are very poor for making repeated connections.  
What is the reflection tolerance? Can the system take reflection degradation?  
Is an instrument-grade connector with a precision core alignment required?  
Is repeatability tolerance for reflection and loss important? Do your specifica-  
3-8  
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Fiber-Optic Connectors  
tions take repeatability uncertainty into account?  
Will a connector degrade the return loss too much, or will a fusion splice be re-  
quired? For example, many DFB lasers cannot operate with reflections from  
connectors. Often as much as 90 dB isolation is needed.  
Figure 3-1. Basic components of a connector.  
Over the last few years, the FC/PC style connector has emerged as the most  
popular connector for fiber-optic applications. While not the highest perform-  
ing connector, it represents a good compromise between performance, reli-  
ability, and cost. If properly maintained and cleaned, this connector can  
withstand many repeated connections.  
However, many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most  
connectors, including the FC/PC style, can deliver. These instruments cannot  
tolerate connectors with the large non-concentricities of the fiber common  
with ceramic style ferrules. When tighter alignment is required, Agilent  
Technologies instruments typically use a connector such as the Diamond  
HMS-10, which has concentric tolerances within a few tenths of a micron. Agi-  
lent Technologies then uses a special universal adapter, which allows other  
cable types to mate with this precision connector. See Figure 3-2.  
3-9  
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Fiber-Optic Connectors  
Figure 3-2. Universal adapters to Diamond HMS-10.  
The HMS-10 encases the fiber within a soft nickel silver (Cu/Ni/Zn) center  
which is surrounded by a tough tungsten carbide casing, as shown in  
Figure 3-3.  
Figure 3-3. Cross-section of the Diamond HMS-10 connector.  
The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber  
to be moved to the desired position. This process first stakes the soft nickel  
silver to fix the fiber in a near-center location, then uses a post-active staking  
to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0.2 µm. This process, plus the  
keyed axis, allows very precise core-to-core alignments. This connector is  
found on most Agilent Technologies lightwave instruments.  
3-10  
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Fiber-Optic Connectors  
The soft core, while allowing precise centering, is also the chief liability of the  
connector. The soft material is easily damaged. Care must be taken to mini-  
mize excessive scratching and wear. While minor wear is not a problem if the  
glass face is not affected, scratches or grit can cause the glass fiber to move  
out of alignment. Also, if unkeyed connectors are used, the nickel silver can be  
pushed onto the glass surface. Scratches, fiber movement, or glass contamina-  
tion will cause loss of signal and increased reflections, resulting in poor return  
loss.  
Inspecting Connectors  
Because fiber-optic connectors are susceptible to damage that is not immedi-  
ately obvious to the naked eye, poor measurements result without the user  
being aware. Microscopic examination and return loss measurements are the  
best way to ensure good measurements. Good cleaning practices can help  
ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained. With glass-to-  
glass interfaces, any degradation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber, any stray  
particles, or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector performance.  
Where many repeat connections are required, use of a connector saver or  
patch cable is recommended.  
Figure 3-4 shows the end of a clean fiber-optic cable. The dark circle in the  
center of the micrograph is the fibers 125 µm core and cladding which carries  
the light. The surrounding area is the soft nickel-silver ferrule. Figure 3-5  
shows a dirty fiber end from neglect or perhaps improper cleaning. Material is  
smeared and ground into the end of the fiber causing light scattering and poor  
reflection. Not only is the precision polish lost, but this action can grind off the  
glass face and destroy the connector.  
Figure 3-6 shows physical damage to the glass fiber end caused by either  
repeated connections made without removing loose particles or using  
improper cleaning tools. When severe, the damage of one connector end can  
be transferred to another good connector endface that comes in contact with  
the damaged one. Periodic checks of fiber ends, and replacing connecting  
cables after many connections is a wise practice.  
The cure for these problems is disciplined connector care as described in the  
following list and in Cleaning Connectorson page 3-15.  
3-11  
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Fiber-Optic Connectors  
Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when  
making measurements on a fiber-optic system:  
Never use metal or sharp objects to clean a connector and never scrape the  
connector.  
Avoid matching gel and oils.  
Figure 3-4. Clean, problem-free fiber end and ferrule.  
Figure 3-5. Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning.  
3-12  
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Fiber-Optic Connectors  
Figure 3-6. Damage from improper cleaning.  
While these often work well on first insertion, they are great dirt magnets. The  
oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the end of the fiber.  
Also, some early gels were designed for use with the FC, non-contacting con-  
nectors, using small glass spheres. When used with contacting connectors,  
these glass balls can scratch and pit the fiber. If an index matching gel or oil  
must be used, apply it to a freshly cleaned connector, make the measurement,  
and then immediately clean it off. Never use a gel for longer-term connections  
and never use it to improve a damaged connector. The gel can mask the extent  
of damage and continued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the  
instrument.  
When inserting a fiber-optic cable into a connector, gently insert it in as  
straight a line as possible. Tipping and inserting at an angle can scrape material  
off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve of connectors  
made with ceramic material.  
When inserting a fiber-optic connector into a connector, make sure that the fi-  
ber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter.  
Avoid over tightening connections.  
Unlike common electrical connections, tighter is n ot better. The purpose of  
the connector is to bring two fiber ends together. Once they touch, tightening  
only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate fibers. With connec-  
tors that have a convex fiber end, the end can be pushed off-axis resulting in  
misalignment and excessive return loss. Many measurements are actually  
improved by backing off the connector pressure. Also, if a piece of grit does  
happen to get by the cleaning procedure, the tighter connection is more likely  
to damage the glass. Tighten the connectors just until the two fibers touch.  
3-13  
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Fiber-Optic Connectors  
Keep connectors covered when not in use.  
Use fusion splices on the more permanent critical nodes. Choose the best con-  
nector possible. Replace connecting cables regularly. Frequently measure the  
return loss of the connector to check for degradation, and clean every connec-  
tor, every time.  
All connectors should be treated like the high-quality lens of a good camera.  
The weak link in instrument and system reliability is often the inappropriate  
use and care of the connector. Because current connectors are so easy to use,  
there tends to be reduced vigilance in connector care and cleaning. It takes  
only one missed cleaning for a piece of grit to permanently damage the glass  
and ruin the connector.  
Mea suring insertion loss a nd return loss  
Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good indica-  
tion that you have good connections. Since return loss and insertion loss are  
key factors in determining optical connector performance they can be used to  
determine connector degradation. A smooth, polished fiber end should pro-  
duce a good return-loss measurement. The quality of the polish establishes  
the difference between the PC(physical contact) and the Super PCcon-  
nectors. Most connectors today are physical contact which make glass-to-glass  
connections, therefore it is critical that the area around the glass core be clean  
and free of scratches. Although the major area of a connector, excluding the  
glass, may show scratches and wear, if the glass has maintained its polished  
smoothness, the connector can still provide a good low level return loss con-  
nection.  
If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon  
receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, you will be able to tell in  
the future if any degradation has occurred. Typical values are less than 0.5 dB  
of loss, and sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance con-  
nectors. Return loss is a measure of reflection: the less reflection the better  
(the larger the return loss, the smaller the reflection). The best physically  
contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB, although 30 to  
40 dB is more common.  
3-14  
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Fiber-Optic Connectors  
Visua l inspection of fiber ends  
Visual inspection of fiber ends can be helpful. Contamination or imperfections  
on the cable end face can be detected as well as cracks or chips in the fiber  
itself. Use a microscope (100X to 200X magnification) to inspect the entire  
end face for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the metal as well as any  
other imperfections. Inspect the fiber for cracks and chips. Visible imperfec-  
tions not touching the fiber core may not affect performance (unless the  
imperfections keep the fibers from contacting).  
WARNING  
Always remove both ends of fiber-optic cables from any instrument,  
system, or device before visually inspecting t he fiber ends. Disable all  
optical sources before disconnect ing fiber-opt ic cables. Failure t o do  
so may result in permanent injury to your eyes.  
Cleaning Connectors  
The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiber-  
optic cables and Agilent Technologies universal adapters. The initial cleaning,  
using the alcohol as a solvent, gently removes any grit and oil. If a caked-on  
layer of material is still present, (this can happen if the beryllium-copper sides  
of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during  
insertion of the cable), a second cleaning should be performed. It is not  
uncommon for a cable or connector to require more than one cleaning.  
CAUTION  
Agilent Technologies strongly recommends that index matching compounds  
not be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as  
gels, may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If you  
think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound  
manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.  
Table 3-4. Cleaning Accessories  
Item  
Agilent Part Number  
Any commercially available denatured alcohol  
Cotton swabs  
8520-0023  
9300-1223  
8500-5262  
Small foam swabs  
Compressed dust remover (non-residue)  
3-15  
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Fiber-Optic Connectors  
Table 3-5. Dust Caps Provided with Lightwave Instruments  
Item  
Agilent Part Number  
Laser shutter cap  
FC/PC dust cap  
Biconic dust cap  
DIN dust cap  
08145-64521  
08154-44102  
08154-44105  
5040-9364  
HMS10/dust cap  
ST dust cap  
5040-9361  
5040-9366  
To clea n a non-lensed connector  
CAUTION  
Do not use any type of foam swab to clean optical fiber ends. Foam swabs can  
leave filmy deposits on fiber ends that can degrade performance.  
1 Apply pure isopropyl alcohol to a clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.  
Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain on the fiber end  
after cleaning.  
2 Clean the ferrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of  
the fiber.  
3 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.  
4 Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper.  
Do not scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the  
swab and become a gouging element.  
5 Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean, dry, lint-free cotton swab or lens  
paper.  
6 Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using  
filtered, dry, compressed air. Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the  
fiber end face.  
Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used.  
3-16  
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CAUTION  
Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases  
particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the  
compressed air canister.  
7 As soon as the connector is dry, connect or cover it for later use.  
If the performance, after the initial cleaning, seems poor try cleaning the con-  
nector again. Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance. The  
second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action.  
To clea n a n a da pter  
The fiber-optic input and output connectors on many Agilent Technologies  
instruments employ a universal adapter such as those shown in the following  
picture. These adapters allow you to connect the instrument to different types  
of fiber-optic cables.  
Figure 3-7. Universal adapters.  
1 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a clean foam swab.  
Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain after cleaning. The  
foam swabs listed in this sections introduction are small enough to fit into  
adapters.  
Although foam swabs can leave filmy deposits, these deposits are very thin, and  
the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly out-  
weighs the risk of contamination by foam swabs.  
2 Clean the adapter with the foam swab.  
3 Dry the inside of the adapter with a clean, dry, foam swab.  
4 Blow through the adapter using filtered, dry, compressed air.  
Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used. Do not shake, tip,  
or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can  
into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.  
3-17  
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Instrument Service  
Instrument Service  
Before returning your instrument for servicing, you may want to refer to the  
Agilent website, www.agilent.com (quick search 83434A). It contains appli-  
cation notes and frequently asked questions (FAQ) specific to the 83434A that  
may answer many of your questions.  
If you continue to experience difficulties, please call the Agilent Technologies  
Instrument Support Center to initiate service before returning your instru-  
ment to a service office. This ensures that the repair (or calibration) can be  
as possible. Call this number regardless of where you are located.  
Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center . . . . . . . . . .1(800) 403-0801  
After you have initiated service by calling the Agilent Technologies Instrument  
Support Center, contact your local service office. For a list of offices, refer to  
Agilent TechnologiesService Officeson page 3-21.  
If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent  
Technologies maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the  
warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the  
instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent  
Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the  
cost of the repair after examining the unit.  
3-18  
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Instrument Service  
Preparing the Instrument for Shipping  
1 Write a complete description of the failure and attach it to the instrument.  
Include any specific performance details related to the problem. The following  
information should be returned with the instrument.  
Type of service required.  
Date instrument was returned for repair.  
Description of the problem:  
Whether problem is constant or intermittent.  
Whether instrument is temperature-sensitive.  
Whether instrument is vibration-sensitive.  
Instrument settings required to reproduce the problem.  
Performance data.  
Company name and return address.  
Name and phone number of technical contact person.  
Model number of returned instrument.  
Full serial number of returned instrument.  
List of any accessories returned with instrument.  
2 Cover all front or rear-panel connectors that were originally covered when you  
first received the instrument.  
CAUTION  
CAUTION  
Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic  
damage. Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical  
contact or dust.  
Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the  
original materials. Never use styrene pellets as packaging material. They do not  
adequately cushion the instrument or prevent it from shifting in the carton.  
They may also cause instrument damage by generating static electricity.  
3 Pack the instrument in the original shipping containers. Original materials are  
available through any Agilent Technologies office. Or, use the following  
guidelines:  
Wrap the instrument in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage  
caused by electrostatic discharge.  
For instruments weighing less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, cor-  
3-19  
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Instrument Service  
rugated cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength.  
The carton must be large enough to allow approximately 7 cm (3 inches) on  
all sides of the instrument for packing material, and strong enough to accom-  
modate the weight of the instrument.  
Surround the equipment with approximately 7 cm (3 inches) of packing ma-  
terial, to protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton. If  
packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D-240 Air Capfrom  
Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, California 90001). Air Cap looks like a  
plastic sheet filled with air bubbles. Use the pink (antistatic) Air Capto  
reduce static electricity. Wrapping the instrument several times in this ma-  
terial will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.  
4 Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape.  
5 Mark the carton FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE.  
6 Retain copies of all shipping papers.  
3-20  
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Instrument Service  
Agilent TechnologiesService Offices  
Before returning an instrument for service, call the Agilent Technologies Instrument  
Support Center at 1 (800) 403-0801. If you continue to experience difficulties,  
please call one of the numbers listed below.  
Agilent Technologies Service Numbers (1 of 2)  
Austria  
01/25125-7171  
32-2-778.37.71  
(11) 7297-8600  
86 10 6261 3819  
45 99 12 88  
Belgium  
Brazil  
China  
Denmark  
Dominican Republic  
Finland  
France  
(809) 563-6350  
358-10-855-2360  
01.69.82.66.66  
0180/524-6330  
080-34 35788  
Germany  
India  
Italy  
+39 02 9212 2701  
01 615 8222  
Ireland  
Japan  
(81)-426-56-7832  
82/2-3770-0400  
(5) 258-4826  
Korea  
Mexico  
Netherlands  
Norway  
Puerto Rico  
Russia  
020-547 6463  
+47 22 73 57 59  
(800) 403-0801  
+7-095-797-3930  
(34/91) 631 1213  
Spain  
3-21  
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Reference  
Instrument Service  
Agilent Technologies Service Numbers (2 of 2)  
Sweden  
08-5064 8700  
Switzerland  
(01) 735 7200  
Taiwan  
(886 2) 2-712-0404  
01 344 366666  
(800) 403-0801  
United Kingdom  
United States and Canada  
3-22  
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4
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics 4-3  
Regulatory Information 4-6  
Declaration of Conformity 4-7  
Specifications and Regulatory  
Information  
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Specifications and Regulatory Information  
Specifications and Regulatory Information  
Specifications and Regulatory Information  
This chapter lists specification and characteristics of the instrument. The dis-  
tinction between these terms is described as follows:  
Specifications describe warranted performance over the temperature range  
0°C to +45°C and relative humidity <95% non-condensing (unless otherwise  
noted). All specifications apply after the temperature of the instrument is sta-  
bilized after 30 minutes of continuous operation.  
Characteristics provide useful information by giving functional, but nonwarrant-  
ed, performance parameters. Characteristics are printed in this typeface.  
Ca libra tion cycle  
This instrument requires periodic verification of performance. The instrument  
should have a complete verification of specifications at least once every two  
years.  
4-2  
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Specifications and Regulatory Information  
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics  
Agilent 83434A Specifications and  
Characteristics  
OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS  
Optical Input  
Wavelength  
1300 to 1600 nm  
16 to 0 dBm  
, , ,  
Optical input powera b c d  
28 dB minimum  
Return loss  
Loss of optical inputalarm  
threshold  
25 to 20 dBm  
Maximum Safe Input Level  
Optical input powere  
+7 dBm maximum  
Data Output  
,
Amplitudef g  
0.5 to 1.5 V pk-pk  
0.10 MHz  
h
Lower 3 dB frequency  
h,  
i
6.5 GHz  
Upper 3 dB frequency  
Return lossj  
Impedance  
9.5 dB minimum  
50Ω  
4-3  
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Specifications and Regulatory Information  
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics  
Recovered Clock Output  
Amplitudeh  
0.5 to 1. 5 V pk-pk  
k
Frequency  
9953.26 to 9953.30 MHz; 9953.28 nominal  
10664.03 to 10664.43 MHz; 10664.23 nominal  
45/55% maximum; 50/50% nominal  
±25.12 ps maximum  
Frequency (opt. 106)  
Duty cycle  
Clock to data alignmentl  
3 dB bandwidthk  
8 to 12 MHz; 10 MHz nominal  
2 ps rms maximum  
Jitter generationg,  
m
Return lossn  
Impedance  
12 dB minimum  
50Ω  
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS  
Temperature Range  
Operating  
0°C to +45°C  
Storage  
40°C to +70°C  
EMI Compatibility  
Conducted and radiated emissions meet the  
requirements of CISPR Publication 11, Class A and  
immunity in compliance with IEC 61326-1  
Power Requirements  
Weight (characteristic)  
Dimensions  
100/120/220/240 V (±10%), 47 to 63 Hz  
3.4 kg (7.6 lb)  
102mm (4 in) height, 216 mm (8.5 in) width, 444  
mm (17.5 in) depth (Agilent System II, half-width  
case)  
FRONT-PANEL INPUT / OUTPUT  
o
Optical Input Connector  
Diamond HMS-10/HP  
Data Output Connector  
APC-3.5 male  
APC-3.5 male  
Recovered Clock Output Connector  
a. Better than 1x10-10 BER when tested with the Agilent 71612B using either of two patterns: a) 2311 PRBS,  
or b)100 consecutive onesor zeroson a 2311 PRBS.  
b. Source extinction ratio 8.2 dB measured within ±10% of eye center  
c. Applies over the temperature range 25°C ±10°C.  
d. Tested with FC/PC adapter.  
e. 1310 or 1550 nm.  
f. Non-inverting, non-retimed linear output with AGC stabilization.  
g. For PRBS up to and including 2311.  
h. AC coupled  
i. Measured with a swept network analyzer at 8 dBm optical input with fixed AGC control in Tx and Rx.  
j. 0.01 to 10,700 MHz.  
k. Type A resonator based clock recovery.  
4-4  
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Specifications and Regulatory Information  
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics  
l. Falling clock edge to data transition measured with 2 311 PRBS.  
m. Integrated phase noise measurement method.  
n. 9,940 to 9,960 MHz standard, 10624 to 10684 MHz (option 106).  
o. Standard instrument has FC/PC adapters. Other adapters available as options.  
4-5  
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Specifications and Regulatory Information  
Regulatory Information  
Regulatory Information  
This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POL-  
LUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 61010-1 and 664 respectively.  
Not ice for  
Germany: Noise  
Declaration  
This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Reg-  
ulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinen-  
laermrerordnung 3.GSGV Deutschland).  
Acoustic Noise Emission  
Geraeuschemission  
LpA < 70 dB  
LpA < 70 dB  
Operator position  
Normal position  
per ISO 7779  
am Arbeitsplatz  
normaler Betrieb  
nach DIN 45635 t.19  
4-6  
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Specifications and Regulatory Information  
Regulatory Information  
Declaration of Conformity  
4-7  
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Specifications and Regulatory Information  
Regulatory Information  
4-8  
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Index  
care of, 1-9  
A
cleaning connections, 3-8  
connectors, covering, 3-19  
fiber optics handbook, 3-2  
foam swabs, 3-15  
front panel  
adapters, 3-5  
connector interface, 3-2  
features, 2-2  
ac power cables, 1-7  
accessories, 3-2  
adapters  
fiber optic, 3-5  
Agilent  
sales and service offices, 3-21  
fuse  
values, i-iii  
B
BER performance  
verifying, 2-9  
bit-error-ratio test set, 2-6  
initial inspection, 1-3  
connector, 3-8  
installing, 1-2  
C
cabinet, cleaning, i-iii  
calibration  
cycle, 4-2  
care  
of cabinet, i-iii  
care of fiber optics, 1-9  
characteristics, 4-3  
checking the fuse, 1-5  
classification  
product, i-iii  
cleaning  
line fuse, 1-5  
line fuse, safety, i-iii, 1-5  
line-power  
cable, 1-6  
cables, 3-7  
input connector, 1-5  
requirements, 1-7  
adapters, 3-17  
cabinet, i-iii  
fiber-optic connections, 3-8, 3-16  
non-lensed connectors, 3-16  
clock out connector, 2-2  
compressed dust remover, 3-15  
connector  
M
maintenance contract, 2-5  
measurement  
accuracy, i-iv  
care, 3-8  
connector interface  
front-panel, 3-2  
cotton swabs, 3-15  
N
noise declaration, 4-6  
D
O
declaration of conformity, 4-7  
dust caps, 3-16  
optical in connector, 2-2  
P
F
packaging for shipment, 3-19  
parts, 3-4  
fiber optics  
adapters, 3-5  
Index-1  
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Index  
power cable requirements, 1-6  
R
rear panel features, 2-3  
regulatory  
duration, 4-2  
information, 4-6  
repair options, 2-5  
replacement, 3-4  
replacement parts, 3-4  
returning for service, 3-18  
S
safety, i-iii  
laser classification, i-iii  
line fuse, i-iii, 1-5  
sales and service offices, 3-21  
serial numbers, 1-4  
service, 3-18  
options, 2-5  
returning for, 3-18  
shipping  
procedure, 3-19  
spare fuse, 1-5  
specifications, 4-3  
definition of terms, 4-2  
swabs, 3-15  
T
turning on the lightwave receiver, 1-8  
V
verification test  
failing, 2-5  
verifying BER performance, 2-9  
W
warranty, 2-5  
Index-2  
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