Agilent 83434A
Lightwave Receiver
User’s Guide
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General Safety Considerations
General Safety Considerations
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publica-
tion 61010-1, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The
instruction documentation contains information and warnings that must be
followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a
safe condition.
WARNING
WARNING
If this inst rument is not used as specified, the prot ection provided by
the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a
normal condition ( in which all means for protect ion are int act) only.
To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent 83434A from
mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened wit h
water t o clean the ext ernal case parts. Do not att empt to clean
int ernally.
WARNING
This is a Safet y Class 1 product ( provided with a protect ive earthing
ground incorporated in the power cord) . The mains plug shall only be
insert ed in a socket out let provided wit h a protect ive earth cont act.
Any interruption of the prot ective conductor inside or out side of the
product is likely t o make t he product dangerous. Intentional
int erruption is prohibit ed.
WARNING
WARNING
No operat or serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified
personnel. To prevent elect rical shock, do not remove covers.
For cont inued prot ection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only
wit h same type and ratings ( 5x20 mm, 1.6 A, 250 V time-delay, low
breaking capacity fuse) . The use of other fuses or mat erials is
prohibit ed.
CAUTION
CAUTION
This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution
Degree 2 per IEC 61010-1 and 664 respectively.
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the
convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient
temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating
iii
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General Safety Considerations
temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the
cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts,
then forced convection must be used.
CAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTION
Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this instrument.
Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause
instrument damage.
Do n ot connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct as
described in Chapter 4, “Specifications and Regulatory Information”. Damage
to the equipment could result.
This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage
is within the specified range.
Measurement accuracy—it’s up to you!
and accessories. The Agilent 83434A front-panel OPTICAL INPUT connector is no excep-
tion. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive
instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements.
Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the Agilent 83434A, “Fiber-Optic Connec-
tors” on page 3-8.
iv
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The Agilent 83434A—At a Glance
The Agilent 83434A—At a Glance
The Agilent 83434A 10 Gb/s lightwave receiver is designed to recover clock
data and to provide linear, non-retimed data from digitally modulated SDH/
SONET STM-64/OC-192 optical signals, as well as signals employing forward
error correction (FEC) at 10.664 Gb/s (option 106). The receiver is based on
an amplified PIN receiver to produce a linear output with AGC stabilization.
The receiver is designed to provide –16 dBm sensitivity with PRBS lengths to
231 –1 with BER performance of at least 1E-10.
The recovered clock can be used as a trigger input for the Agilent Infiniium
DCA to allow optical eye diagram measurements when no external clock sig-
nal is available for triggering. The recovered clock also provides the required
clock input for the error detector of the Agilent 71612B error performance
analyzer. The non-retimed data output can be used with an error detector to
measure and optimize BER. The output of the receiver is also appropriate for
eye contour and Q-factor measurements.
The Agilent 83434A can be combined with the Agilent 83433A 10 Gb/s light-
wave transmitter to create a complete optical link for system or fiber testing,
or to form a basis for substitution testing of commercial transmitters and
receivers.
v
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Contents
2 Using t he Agilent 83434A
Options 3-3
Power Cords 3-7
Fiber-Optic Connectors 3-8
Instrument Service 3-18
4 Specificat ions and Regulat ory Informat ion
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics 4-3
Regulatory Information 4-6
Contents-1
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Contents
Contents-2
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
This chapter shows you how to install your lightwave receiver. After you’ve
completed this chapter, continue with Chapter 2, “Using the Agilent 83434A”.
Refer to Chapter 3, “Reference” for the following additional information:
techniques.
• Lists of available accessories and power cords.
• Instructions on returning your instrument to Agilent Technologies for service.
• Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices.
Chapter 4, “Specifications and Regulatory Information” contains information
on operating conditions, such as temperature.
1-2
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
Step 1. Inspect the Shipment
❍ Inspect the shipping container for damage.
❍ Inspect the instrument.
Keep the shipping container and cushioning material until you have inspected
the contents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the light-
wave receiver mechanically and electrically.
materials. Refer to “Options” on page 3-3, for the accessories shipped with the
lightwave receiver.
If the shipping materials are in good condition, retain them for possible future
use. You may wish to ship the lightwave receiver to another location or return
it to Agilent Technologies for service. Refer to “Instrument Service” on
page 3-18.
If anything is missing or defective, or if the lightwave receiver does not pass
the verification test, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office. If
the shipment was damaged, contact the carrier, then contact the nearest Agi-
1-3
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
lent Technologies Sales Office. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s
inspection. The Agilent Sales Office will arrange for repair or replacement at
Agilent Technologies’ option without waiting for claim settlement.
Ser ia l numbers
Agilent Technologies makes frequent improvements to its products to
enhance their performance, usability, or reliability, and to control costs. Agi-
lent service personnel have access to complete records of design changes to
each type of equipment, based on the equipment’s serial number. Whenever
you contact Agilent about your lightwave receiver, have the complete serial
number available to ensure obtaining the most complete and accurate infor-
mation possible.
A serial-number label is attached to the rear of the lightwave receiver. It con-
tains the serial number and the options installed in the lightwave receiver.
Whenever you specify the serial number or refer to it in obtaining information
about your lightwave receiver, be sure to use the complete number.
1-4
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
Step 2. Check the Fuse
1 Locate the line-input connector on the instrument’s rear panel.
2 Disconnect the line-power cable if it is connected.
3 Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to pry open the fuse holder door.
4 The fuse is housed in a small container. Insert the tip of a screwdriver on the
side of the container and gently pull outward to remove the container. A spare
fuse is stored below the line fuse.
WARNING
For cont inued prot ection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only
wit h same type and ratings ( 5×20 mm, 1.6 A, 250 V time-delay, low
breaking capacity fuse) . The use of other fuses or mat erials is
prohibit ed.
1-5
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable
CAUTION
Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this instrument.
Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause
instrument damage.
CAUTION
CAUTION
Do not connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct as
described in the following paragraphs. Damage to the equipment could result.
This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage
is within the specified range.
1-6
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
1 Verify that the line power meets the requirements shown in the following table.
Line Power Requirements
Power
115 VAC: 50 Watts MAX
230 VAC: 50 Watts MAX
Voltage
nominal: 115 VAC range:90–132 V
nominal:230 VACrange:98–254 V
Frequency
nominal:50 Hz/60 Hzrange:47–63 Hz
2 Connect the line-power cord to the rear-panel connector of the instrument.
3 Connect the other end of the line-power cord to the power receptacle.
Various power cables are available to connect the Agilent 83434A to ac power
outlets unique to specific geographic areas. The cable appropriate for the area
to which the Agilent 83434A is originally shipped is included with the unit. You
can order additional ac power cables for use in different geographic areas.
Refer to “Power Cords” on page 3-7.
1-7
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
Step 4. Turn on the Agilent 83434A
With the power cable inserted into the line module, turn the lightwave
receiver on by pressing the line switch. The green light-emitting diode (LED)
should light.
NOTE
The front panel LINE switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after
the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument.
If the Agilent 83434A fails to turn on properly, consider the following possibili-
ties:
❍ Is the line fuse good?
❍ Does the line socket have power?
❍ Is it plugged into the proper ac power source?
If the instrument still fails, return it to Agilent Technologies for repair. Refer to
“Instrument Service” on page 3-18
1-8
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
Step 5. Avoid costly repairs
CAUTION
Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or
damaged cables and accessories. The front-panel connectors of the
Agilent 83434A are no exception. When you use improper cleaning and
handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables,
and compromised measurements. Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to
the Agilent 83434A, refer to “Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8.
1-9
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Getting Started
Setting Up the Agilent 83434A
Step 6. Learn more about our products
To learn more about Agilent Technologies products, visit our website at
If you wish to find out more about your new lightwave receiver, use the key-
word “83434A” in your search.
1-10
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Using the Agilent 83434A
Front-Panel Features
Front-Panel Features
Figure 2-1. The Agilent 83434A front panel.
CLOCK OUT
DATA OUT
OPTICAL IN
Output is nominally 9.95328 GHz or 10.66423 GHz (option
106).
Provides an amplified, non-retimed signal corresponding to
the incoming data stream.
Maximum signal input is 0 dBm, damage level input is +7
dBm. This input accepts any of the Agilent 81000-series
connector interface adapters.
INPUT PRESENT
Indicates the presence of sufficient optical power.
2-2
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Using the Agilent 83434A
Quick Confidence Check
Quick Confidence Check
This procedure verifies the basic functionality of the lightwave receiver. The
following equipment is used:
• Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver
• Pattern generator
• Clock source
• Optical oscilloscope
• Optical source
Note
Before starting be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-
dures describe in “Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8.
1 Turn on the Agilent 83434A and let it warm up for 30 minutes.
2 Connect the output of the optical source (1300–1600 nm, ≥ –16 dBm,
modulated at 9953.28 Mb/s or, for option 106, 10664.23 Mb/s) to the OPTICAL
INPUT of the Agilent 83434A. The INPUT PRESENT LED should turn on.
3 Connect the CLOCK OUT and DATA OUT of the Agilent 83434A to the input of an
oscilloscope.
4 Check for clock and data waveforms.
2-4
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Using the Agilent 83434A
Quick Confidence Check
If the ver ifica tion check fa ils
If the lightwave receiver does not pass the verification check, you should
review the procedure being performed when the problem occurred. A few
minutes spent performing some simple checks may save waiting for your
instrument to be repaired. Before calling Agilent Technologies or returning
the unit for service, please make the following checks:
1 Is the line fuse good?
2 Does the line socket have power?
3 Is the unit plugged in to the proper ac power source?
4 Is the unit turned on? Verify the green light-emitting diode (LED) next to the
line switch is on, indicating that the power supply is on.
5 If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with the lightwave
receiver, are they connected properly and operating correctly?
6 Review the procedure for the test being performed when the problem
appeared. Are all the settings correct?
7 Are the connectors clean? Refer to “Cleaning Connectors” on page 3-15 for
more information about cleaning the connectors.
If the lightwave receiver still fails, you can:
Return the lightwave receiver to Agilent Technologies for repair. If the light-
wave receiver is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent Technologies
maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or
contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the lightwave receiver
is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies
maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair
after examining the unit. Refer to “Instrument Service” on page 3-18 for more
information.
WARNING
No operat or serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified
personnel. To prevent elect rical shock do not remove covers.
2-5
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Using the Agilent 83434A
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio
Test Set
The following procedure describes how to connect the lightwave receiver to a
Note
Before starting, be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-
dures describe in“Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8.
2-6
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Using the Agilent 83434A
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set
Figure 2-3. Connecting the Agilent 83434A to a bit-error-ratio test system.
1 Turn the lightwave receiver on. Let it warm up for 30 minutes.
2 Turn on the BERT and the laser and let them warm up according to their
specifications.
3 Perform any calibrations indicated in the documentation for the BERT.
clock input connector of the BERT. An adapter may be necessary.
5 Connect a cable from the DATA OUT connector on the lightwave receiver to the
data input connector on the BERT. An adapter may be necessary.
6 Clean the end of the OPTICAL INPUTglass fiber on the lightwave receiver and both
ends of the glass fiber cable. Refer to “Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8 for
instructions.
7 Connect the optical connector interface to the OPTICAL INPUT. Notice the
connector interface has a small protrusion. This protrusion fits in the slot of the
OPTICAL INPUT connector.
8 Connect the cable to the receiver optical connector interface.
2-7
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Using the Agilent 83434A
Agilent 83434A Connection to a Bit-Error-Ratio Test Set
9 Connect the laser source to the fiber optic cable.
2-8
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Using the Agilent 83434A
BER Performance Verification
BER Performance Verification
This procedure verifies BER performance of the of the Agilent 83434A light-
wave receiver with the Agilent 83433A and 71612B.
The following equipment is used:
• Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver
• Agilent 83433A lightwave transmitter
• Agilent 71612B Bit Error Rate Tester
• Optical attenuator
• Optical multimeter
Note
Before starting, be sure to clean all connectors and optical interfaces using the proce-
dures describe in “Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 3-8.
2-9
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Using the Agilent 83434A
BER Performance Verification
2 Set the Agilent 71612B as follows:
CLOCK OUTPUT
SIG GEN FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9953.28 MHZ
SIG GEN FREQ (for 83434 option 106) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10664.23 MHZ
MENU
DATA OUTPUT
Ext AC COUPLED
DATA AMPLITUDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 V
PATTERN
PRBS
2 31–1
3 Disable WAVELENGTH ADJUST on the 83433A.
4 Turn on the 83433A laser.
5 Adjust the optical attenuator for a maximum of 0 dBm and a minimum of
–16 dbm at the output of the attenuator.
6 Set the Agilent 71612B as follows:
MENU
INPUT & EYE
0/1 THR CENTER
CLK/DATA ALIGN
MENU
GATING
RUN GATING
7 Verify that the 71612B reports zero errors.
2-11
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Using the Agilent 83434A
BER Performance Verification
2-12
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Reference
Accessories Supplied
Accessories Supplied
The Agilent 83434A lightwave receiver is shipped with:
• FC/PC connector interface on the optical input of the lightwave receiver unless
a different option was ordered. Refer to “Agilent 83434A Options” on page 3-3
for a complete list of the available connector interfaces.
• Agilen t 83434A Lightwave Receiver User’s Gu ide, Agilent part number
83434-90005.
Available
The Fiber Optics Handbook, Agilent part number 5952-9654, is an introduc-
seperately
tion and reference for fiber-optic measurements.
3-2
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Reference
Options
Options
Table 3-1. Agilent 83434A Options
Option
Description
Option 011
Diamond (HMS-10) connector interface on
the optical input of the lightwave receiver
Option 013
Option 014
Option 017
Option 106
DIN connector interface on the optical
input of the lightwave receiver
ST connector interface on the optical input
of the lightwave receiver
SC connector interface on the optical input
of the lightwave receiver
For FEC signals, substitutes clock recovery
at 10.644 GHz
3-3
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Reference
Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters
Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters
Table 3-3. Front Panel Fiber-Optic Adaptes (1 of 2)
Front Panel
Fiber-Optic
Adapter
Description
Agilent Part Number
81000AI
Diamond HMS-10
a
81000FI
FC/PC
D4
81000GI
SC
81000KI
DIN
ST
81000SI
81000VI
Biconic
81000WI
Dust Covers
FC connector
1005-0594
1005-0593
1005-0595
Diamond HMS-10 connector
DIN connector
3-5
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Reference
Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters
Table 3-3. Front Panel Fiber-Optic Adaptes (2 of 2)
Front Panel
Fiber-Optic
Adapter
Description
Agilent Part Number
ST connector
SC connector
1005-0596
1005-0597
a. The FC/PC adapter is the standard adapter supplied with the instrument.
3-6
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Reference
Power Cords
Power Cords
Length
(in/cm)
Plug Type
Cable Part No. Plug Description
Color
Country
250V
8120-1351
8120-1703
Straight *BS1363A
90°
90/228
90/228
Gray
Mint Gray
United Kingdom,
Cyprus, Nigeria, Zimba-
bwe, Singapore
250V
250V
8120-1369
8120-0696
Straight *NZSS198/ASC
90°
79/200
87/221
Gray
Australia, New Zealand
Mint Gray
8120-1689
8120-1692
8120-2857p
Straight *CEE7-Y11
90°
Straight (Shielded)
79/200
79/200
79/200
Mint Gray
Mint Gray
Coco Brown
East and West Europe,
Saudi Arabia, So.
Africa, India (unpolar-
ized in many nations)
125V
8120-1378
8120-1521
8120-1992
Straight *NEMA5-15P
90°
Straight (Medical) UL544
90/228
90/228
96/244
Jade Gray
Jade Gray
Black
United States, Canada,
Mexico, Philippines,
Taiwan
250V
220V
8120-2104
8120-2296
Straight *SEV1011
1959-24507
Type 12 90°
79/200
79/200
Mint Gray
Mint Gray
Switzerland
Denmark
8120-2956
8120-2957
Straight *DHCK107
90°
79/200
79/200
Mint Gray
Mint Gray
250V
100V
8120-4211
8120-4600
Straight SABS164
90°
79/200
79/200
Jade Gray
Dark Gray
Republic of South
Africa
India
8120-4753
8120-4754
Straight MITI
90°
90/230
90/230
Japan
* Part number shown for plug is the industry identifier for the plug only. Number shown for cable is the Agilent
Technologies part number for the complete cable including the plug.
3-7
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Reference
Fiber-Optic Connectors
Fiber-Optic Connectors
Today, advances in measurement capabilities make connectors and connec-
tion techniques more important than ever. Damage to the connectors on cali-
bration and verification devices, test ports, cables, and other devices can
degrade measurement accuracy and damage instruments. Replacing a dam-
aged connector can cost thousands of dollars, not to mention lost time! This
expense can be avoided by observing the simple precautions presented in this
book. This book also contains a brief list of tips for caring for electrical connec-
tors.
Choosing the Right Connector
A critical but often overlooked factor in making a good lightwave measure-
tor types are mainly in the mechanical assembly that holds the ferrule in
position against another identical ferrule. Connectors also vary in the polish,
curve, and concentricity of the core within the cladding. Mating one style of
cable to another requires an adapter. Agilent Technologies offers adapters for
most instruments to allow testing with many different cables. Figure 3-1 on
page 3-9 shows the basic components of a typical connectors.
The system tolerance for reflection and insertion loss must be known when
selecting a connector from the wide variety of currently available connectors.
Some items to consider when selecting a connector are:
• How much insertion loss can be allowed?
• Will the connector need to make multiple connections? Some connectors are
better than others, and some are very poor for making repeated connections.
• What is the reflection tolerance? Can the system take reflection degradation?
• Is an instrument-grade connector with a precision core alignment required?
• Is repeatability tolerance for reflection and loss important? Do your specifica-
3-8
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Reference
Fiber-Optic Connectors
tions take repeatability uncertainty into account?
• Will a connector degrade the return loss too much, or will a fusion splice be re-
quired? For example, many DFB lasers cannot operate with reflections from
connectors. Often as much as 90 dB isolation is needed.
Figure 3-1. Basic components of a connector.
Over the last few years, the FC/PC style connector has emerged as the most
popular connector for fiber-optic applications. While not the highest perform-
ing connector, it represents a good compromise between performance, reli-
ability, and cost. If properly maintained and cleaned, this connector can
withstand many repeated connections.
However, many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most
tolerate connectors with the large non-concentricities of the fiber common
with ceramic style ferrules. When tighter alignment is required, Agilent
Technologies instruments typically use a connector such as the Diamond
HMS-10, which has concentric tolerances within a few tenths of a micron. Agi-
lent Technologies then uses a special universal adapter, which allows other
cable types to mate with this precision connector. See Figure 3-2.
3-9
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Reference
Fiber-Optic Connectors
Figure 3-2. Universal adapters to Diamond HMS-10.
The HMS-10 encases the fiber within a soft nickel silver (Cu/Ni/Zn) center
which is surrounded by a tough tungsten carbide casing, as shown in
Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-3. Cross-section of the Diamond HMS-10 connector.
The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber
to be moved to the desired position. This process first stakes the soft nickel
silver to fix the fiber in a near-center location, then uses a post-active staking
to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0.2 µm. This process, plus the
keyed axis, allows very precise core-to-core alignments. This connector is
found on most Agilent Technologies lightwave instruments.
3-10
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Reference
Fiber-Optic Connectors
The soft core, while allowing precise centering, is also the chief liability of the
connector. The soft material is easily damaged. Care must be taken to mini-
mize excessive scratching and wear. While minor wear is not a problem if the
glass face is not affected, scratches or grit can cause the glass fiber to move
out of alignment. Also, if unkeyed connectors are used, the nickel silver can be
pushed onto the glass surface. Scratches, fiber movement, or glass contamina-
tion will cause loss of signal and increased reflections, resulting in poor return
loss.
Inspecting Connectors
Because fiber-optic connectors are susceptible to damage that is not immedi-
ately obvious to the naked eye, poor measurements result without the user
being aware. Microscopic examination and return loss measurements are the
ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained. With glass-to-
glass interfaces, any degradation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber, any stray
particles, or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector performance.
Where many repeat connections are required, use of a connector saver or
patch cable is recommended.
Figure 3-4 shows the end of a clean fiber-optic cable. The dark circle in the
the light. The surrounding area is the soft nickel-silver ferrule. Figure 3-5
shows a dirty fiber end from neglect or perhaps improper cleaning. Material is
smeared and ground into the end of the fiber causing light scattering and poor
reflection. Not only is the precision polish lost, but this action can grind off the
glass face and destroy the connector.
Figure 3-6 shows physical damage to the glass fiber end caused by either
improper cleaning tools. When severe, the damage of one connector end can
be transferred to another good connector endface that comes in contact with
the damaged one. Periodic checks of fiber ends, and replacing connecting
cables after many connections is a wise practice.
The cure for these problems is disciplined connector care as described in the
following list and in “Cleaning Connectors” on page 3-15.
3-11
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Reference
Fiber-Optic Connectors
Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when
making measurements on a fiber-optic system:
• Never use metal or sharp objects to clean a connector and never scrape the
connector.
• Avoid matching gel and oils.
Figure 3-4. Clean, problem-free fiber end and ferrule.
Figure 3-5. Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning.
3-12
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Fiber-Optic Connectors
Figure 3-6. Damage from improper cleaning.
While these often work well on first insertion, they are great dirt magnets. The
oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the end of the fiber.
Also, some early gels were designed for use with the FC, non-contacting con-
nectors, using small glass spheres. When used with contacting connectors,
these glass balls can scratch and pit the fiber. If an index matching gel or oil
must be used, apply it to a freshly cleaned connector, make the measurement,
and then immediately clean it off. Never use a gel for longer-term connections
and never use it to improve a damaged connector. The gel can mask the extent
of damage and continued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the
instrument.
• When inserting a fiber-optic cable into a connector, gently insert it in as
straight a line as possible. Tipping and inserting at an angle can scrape material
off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve of connectors
made with ceramic material.
• When inserting a fiber-optic connector into a connector, make sure that the fi-
ber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter.
• Avoid over tightening connections.
Unlike common electrical connections, tighter is n ot better. The purpose of
the connector is to bring two fiber ends together. Once they touch, tightening
only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate fibers. With connec-
tors that have a convex fiber end, the end can be pushed off-axis resulting in
misalignment and excessive return loss. Many measurements are actually
improved by backing off the connector pressure. Also, if a piece of grit does
happen to get by the cleaning procedure, the tighter connection is more likely
to damage the glass. Tighten the connectors just until the two fibers touch.
3-13
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Fiber-Optic Connectors
• Keep connectors covered when not in use.
• Use fusion splices on the more permanent critical nodes. Choose the best con-
nector possible. Replace connecting cables regularly. Frequently measure the
return loss of the connector to check for degradation, and clean every connec-
tor, every time.
All connectors should be treated like the high-quality lens of a good camera.
The weak link in instrument and system reliability is often the inappropriate
use and care of the connector. Because current connectors are so easy to use,
there tends to be reduced vigilance in connector care and cleaning. It takes
only one missed cleaning for a piece of grit to permanently damage the glass
and ruin the connector.
Mea suring insertion loss a nd return loss
Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good indica-
tion that you have good connections. Since return loss and insertion loss are
key factors in determining optical connector performance they can be used to
determine connector degradation. A smooth, polished fiber end should pro-
duce a good return-loss measurement. The quality of the polish establishes
the difference between the “PC” (physical contact) and the “Super PC” con-
nectors. Most connectors today are physical contact which make glass-to-glass
connections, therefore it is critical that the area around the glass core be clean
and free of scratches. Although the major area of a connector, excluding the
glass, may show scratches and wear, if the glass has maintained its polished
smoothness, the connector can still provide a good low level return loss con-
nection.
If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon
receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, you will be able to tell in
the future if any degradation has occurred. Typical values are less than 0.5 dB
of loss, and sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance con-
nectors. Return loss is a measure of reflection: the less reflection the better
(the larger the return loss, the smaller the reflection). The best physically
contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB, although 30 to
40 dB is more common.
3-14
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Reference
Fiber-Optic Connectors
Visua l inspection of fiber ends
Visual inspection of fiber ends can be helpful. Contamination or imperfections
on the cable end face can be detected as well as cracks or chips in the fiber
itself. Use a microscope (100X to 200X magnification) to inspect the entire
end face for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the metal as well as any
other imperfections. Inspect the fiber for cracks and chips. Visible imperfec-
tions not touching the fiber core may not affect performance (unless the
imperfections keep the fibers from contacting).
WARNING
Always remove both ends of fiber-optic cables from any instrument,
system, or device before visually inspecting t he fiber ends. Disable all
optical sources before disconnect ing fiber-opt ic cables. Failure t o do
so may result in permanent injury to your eyes.
Cleaning Connectors
The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiber-
optic cables and Agilent Technologies universal adapters. The initial cleaning,
using the alcohol as a solvent, gently removes any grit and oil. If a caked-on
layer of material is still present, (this can happen if the beryllium-copper sides
of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during
insertion of the cable), a second cleaning should be performed. It is not
uncommon for a cable or connector to require more than one cleaning.
CAUTION
Agilent Technologies strongly recommends that index matching compounds
not be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as
gels, may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If you
think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound
manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.
Table 3-4. Cleaning Accessories
Item
Agilent Part Number
Any commercially available denatured alcohol
Cotton swabs
—
8520-0023
9300-1223
8500-5262
Small foam swabs
Compressed dust remover (non-residue)
3-15
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Fiber-Optic Connectors
Table 3-5. Dust Caps Provided with Lightwave Instruments
Item
Agilent Part Number
Laser shutter cap
FC/PC dust cap
Biconic dust cap
DIN dust cap
08145-64521
08154-44102
08154-44105
5040-9364
HMS10/dust cap
ST dust cap
5040-9361
5040-9366
To clea n a non-lensed connector
CAUTION
Do not use any type of foam swab to clean optical fiber ends. Foam swabs can
leave filmy deposits on fiber ends that can degrade performance.
1 Apply pure isopropyl alcohol to a clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.
Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain on the fiber end
after cleaning.
2 Clean the ferrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of
the fiber.
3 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.
4 Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper.
Do not scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the
swab and become a gouging element.
5 Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean, dry, lint-free cotton swab or lens
paper.
6 Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using
filtered, dry, compressed air. Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the
fiber end face.
Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used.
3-16
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Fiber-Optic Connectors
CAUTION
Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases
particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the
compressed air canister.
7 As soon as the connector is dry, connect or cover it for later use.
If the performance, after the initial cleaning, seems poor try cleaning the con-
nector again. Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance. The
second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action.
To clea n a n a da pter
The fiber-optic input and output connectors on many Agilent Technologies
instruments employ a universal adapter such as those shown in the following
picture. These adapters allow you to connect the instrument to different types
of fiber-optic cables.
Figure 3-7. Universal adapters.
1 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a clean foam swab.
Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain after cleaning. The
foam swabs listed in this section’s introduction are small enough to fit into
adapters.
Although foam swabs can leave filmy deposits, these deposits are very thin, and
the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly out-
weighs the risk of contamination by foam swabs.
2 Clean the adapter with the foam swab.
3 Dry the inside of the adapter with a clean, dry, foam swab.
4 Blow through the adapter using filtered, dry, compressed air.
Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used. Do not shake, tip,
or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can
into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.
3-17
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Reference
Instrument Service
Instrument Service
Before returning your instrument for servicing, you may want to refer to the
cation notes and frequently asked questions (FAQ) specific to the 83434A that
may answer many of your questions.
If you continue to experience difficulties, please call the Agilent Technologies
Instrument Support Center to initiate service before returning your instru-
ment to a service office. This ensures that the repair (or calibration) can be
as possible. Call this number regardless of where you are located.
Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center . . . . . . . . . .1(800) 403-0801
After you have initiated service by calling the Agilent Technologies Instrument
Support Center, contact your local service office. For a list of offices, refer to
“Agilent TechnologiesService Offices” on page 3-21.
If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent
Technologies maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the
warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the
instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent
Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the
cost of the repair after examining the unit.
3-18
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Instrument Service
Preparing the Instrument for Shipping
1 Write a complete description of the failure and attach it to the instrument.
Include any specific performance details related to the problem. The following
information should be returned with the instrument.
• Type of service required.
• Date instrument was returned for repair.
• Description of the problem:
• Whether problem is constant or intermittent.
• Whether instrument is temperature-sensitive.
• Whether instrument is vibration-sensitive.
• Instrument settings required to reproduce the problem.
• Performance data.
• Company name and return address.
• Name and phone number of technical contact person.
• Model number of returned instrument.
• Full serial number of returned instrument.
• List of any accessories returned with instrument.
2 Cover all front or rear-panel connectors that were originally covered when you
first received the instrument.
CAUTION
CAUTION
Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic
damage. Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical
contact or dust.
Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the
original materials. Never use styrene pellets as packaging material. They do not
adequately cushion the instrument or prevent it from shifting in the carton.
They may also cause instrument damage by generating static electricity.
3 Pack the instrument in the original shipping containers. Original materials are
available through any Agilent Technologies office. Or, use the following
guidelines:
• Wrap the instrument in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage
caused by electrostatic discharge.
• For instruments weighing less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, cor-
3-19
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Reference
Instrument Service
rugated cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength.
• The carton must be large enough to allow approximately 7 cm (3 inches) on
all sides of the instrument for packing material, and strong enough to accom-
modate the weight of the instrument.
• Surround the equipment with approximately 7 cm (3 inches) of packing ma-
terial, to protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton. If
packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D-240 Air Cap™ from
Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, California 90001). Air Cap looks like a
plastic sheet filled with air bubbles. Use the pink (antistatic) Air Cap™ to
reduce static electricity. Wrapping the instrument several times in this ma-
terial will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.
4 Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape.
5 Mark the carton “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE”.
6 Retain copies of all shipping papers.
3-20
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Instrument Service
Agilent TechnologiesService Offices
Before returning an instrument for service, call the Agilent Technologies Instrument
Support Center at 1 (800) 403-0801. If you continue to experience difficulties,
please call one of the numbers listed below.
Agilent Technologies Service Numbers (1 of 2)
Austria
01/25125-7171
32-2-778.37.71
(11) 7297-8600
86 10 6261 3819
45 99 12 88
Belgium
Brazil
China
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Finland
France
(809) 563-6350
358-10-855-2360
01.69.82.66.66
0180/524-6330
080-34 35788
Germany
India
Italy
+39 02 9212 2701
01 615 8222
Ireland
Japan
(81)-426-56-7832
82/2-3770-0400
(5) 258-4826
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Puerto Rico
Russia
020-547 6463
+47 22 73 57 59
(800) 403-0801
+7-095-797-3930
(34/91) 631 1213
Spain
3-21
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Instrument Service
Agilent Technologies Service Numbers (2 of 2)
Sweden
08-5064 8700
Switzerland
(01) 735 7200
Taiwan
(886 2) 2-712-0404
01 344 366666
(800) 403-0801
United Kingdom
United States and Canada
3-22
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Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
This chapter lists specification and characteristics of the instrument. The dis-
tinction between these terms is described as follows:
• Specifications describe warranted performance over the temperature range
0°C to +45°C and relative humidity <95% non-condensing (unless otherwise
noted). All specifications apply after the temperature of the instrument is sta-
bilized after 30 minutes of continuous operation.
• Characteristics provide useful information by giving functional, but nonwarrant-
ed, performance parameters. Characteristics are printed in this typeface.
Ca libra tion cycle
This instrument requires periodic verification of performance. The instrument
should have a complete verification of specifications at least once every two
years.
4-2
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Specifications and Regulatory Information
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics
Agilent 83434A Specifications and
Characteristics
OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS
Optical Input
Wavelength
1300 to 1600 nm
–16 to 0 dBm
, , ,
Optical input powera b c d
28 dB minimum
Return loss
“Loss of optical input” alarm
threshold
–25 to –20 dBm
Maximum Safe Input Level
Optical input powere
+7 dBm maximum
Data Output
,
Amplitudef g
0.5 to 1.5 V pk-pk
0.10 MHz
h
Lower 3 dB frequency
h,
i
6.5 GHz
Upper 3 dB frequency
Return lossj
Impedance
9.5 dB minimum
50Ω
4-3
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Specifications and Regulatory Information
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics
Recovered Clock Output
Amplitudeh
0.5 to 1. 5 V pk-pk
k
Frequency
9953.26 to 9953.30 MHz; 9953.28 nominal
10664.03 to 10664.43 MHz; 10664.23 nominal
45/55% maximum; 50/50% nominal
±25.12 ps maximum
Frequency (opt. 106)
Duty cycle
Clock to data alignmentl
3 dB bandwidthk
8 to 12 MHz; 10 MHz nominal
2 ps rms maximum
Jitter generationg,
m
Return lossn
Impedance
12 dB minimum
50Ω
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Temperature Range
Operating
0°C to +45°C
Storage
–40°C to +70°C
EMI Compatibility
Conducted and radiated emissions meet the
requirements of CISPR Publication 11, Class A and
immunity in compliance with IEC 61326-1
Power Requirements
Weight (characteristic)
Dimensions
100/120/220/240 V (±10%), 47 to 63 Hz
3.4 kg (7.6 lb)
102mm (4 in) height, 216 mm (8.5 in) width, 444
mm (17.5 in) depth (Agilent System II, half-width
case)
FRONT-PANEL INPUT / OUTPUT
o
Optical Input Connector
Diamond HMS-10/HP
Data Output Connector
APC-3.5 male
APC-3.5 male
Recovered Clock Output Connector
a. Better than 1x10-10 BER when tested with the Agilent 71612B using either of two patterns: a) 231–1 PRBS,
or b)100 consecutive “ones” or “zeros” on a 231–1 PRBS.
b. Source extinction ratio ≥ 8.2 dB measured within ±10% of eye center
c. Applies over the temperature range 25°C ±10°C.
d. Tested with FC/PC adapter.
e. 1310 or 1550 nm.
f. Non-inverting, non-retimed linear output with AGC stabilization.
g. For PRBS up to and including 231–1.
h. AC coupled
i. Measured with a swept network analyzer at –8 dBm optical input with fixed AGC control in Tx and Rx.
j. 0.01 to 10,700 MHz.
k. Type A resonator based clock recovery.
4-4
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Specifications and Regulatory Information
Agilent 83434A Specifications and Characteristics
l. Falling clock edge to data transition measured with 2 31–1 PRBS.
m. Integrated phase noise measurement method.
n. 9,940 to 9,960 MHz standard, 10624 to 10684 MHz (option 106).
o. Standard instrument has FC/PC adapters. Other adapters available as options.
4-5
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Specifications and Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information
This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POL-
LUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 61010-1 and 664 respectively.
Not ice for
Germany: Noise
Declaration
This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Reg-
ulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinen-
laermrerordnung –3.GSGV Deutschland).
Acoustic Noise Emission
Geraeuschemission
LpA < 70 dB
LpA < 70 dB
Operator position
Normal position
per ISO 7779
am Arbeitsplatz
normaler Betrieb
nach DIN 45635 t.19
4-6
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Specifications and Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information
4-8
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Index
care of, 1-9
A
cleaning connections, 3-8
front panel
adapters, 3-5
connector interface, 3-2
ac power cables, 1-7
accessories, 3-2
adapters
fiber optic, 3-5
Agilent
sales and service offices, 3-21
fuse
B
BER performance
verifying, 2-9
connector, 3-8
installing, 1-2
C
cabinet, cleaning, i-iii
calibration
cycle, 4-2
care
of cabinet, i-iii
care of fiber optics, 1-9
characteristics, 4-3
checking the fuse, 1-5
classification
product, i-iii
cleaning
line-power
cable, 1-6
input connector, 1-5
adapters, 3-17
cabinet, i-iii
non-lensed connectors, 3-16
clock out connector, 2-2
compressed dust remover, 3-15
connector
M
maintenance contract, 2-5
measurement
care, 3-8
connector interface
front-panel, 3-2
cotton swabs, 3-15
N
noise declaration, 4-6
D
O
declaration of conformity, 4-7
dust caps, 3-16
optical in connector, 2-2
P
F
packaging for shipment, 3-19
parts, 3-4
fiber optics
adapters, 3-5
Index-1
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Index
R
rear panel features, 2-3
regulatory
duration, 4-2
repair options, 2-5
replacement, 3-4
replacement parts, 3-4
returning for service, 3-18
S
safety, i-iii
line fuse, i-iii, 1-5
serial numbers, 1-4
service, 3-18
options, 2-5
returning for, 3-18
shipping
procedure, 3-19
spare fuse, 1-5
specifications, 4-3
definition of terms, 4-2
swabs, 3-15
T
turning on the lightwave receiver, 1-8
V
verification test
failing, 2-5
verifying BER performance, 2-9
W
warranty, 2-5
Index-2
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