Ex p re ss 4 1 0 0 a n d
Ex p re ss 4 1 1 0
ISDN Ro u te r/ Brid g e
USER MAN UAL
Express 4100, Data Only
1200176L1
1200176L2
Express 4110 with POTS Option
61200176L2-1A
December 1998
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FCC regulations require that the following information be provided in this manual:
1. This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules. On the bottom of
the equipment housing is a label that shows the FCC registration number
and Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) for this equipment. If requested,
provide this information to the telephone company.
2. If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone
company may temporarily discontinue service. If possible, advance noti-
fication is given; otherwise, notification is given as soon as possible. The
telephone company will advise the customer of the right to file a com-
plaint with the FCC.
3. The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, op-
erations, or procedures that could affect the proper operation of this
equipment; advance notification and the opportunity to maintain uninter-
rupted service is given.
4. If experiencing difficulty with this equipment, please contact ADTRAN
for repair and warranty information. The telephone company may re-
quire this equipment to be disconnected from the network until the prob-
lem is corrected or it is certain the equipment is not malfunctioning.
5. This unit contains no user serviceable parts.
6. An FCC compliant telephone cord with a modular plug is provided with
this equipment. In addition, an FCC compliant cable appropriate for the
dial backup option ordered is provided with this equipment. This equip-
ment is designed to be connected to the telephone network or premises
wiring using an FCC compatible modular jack, which is Part 68 compliant.
7. The following information may be required when applying to the local
telephone company for leased line facilities.
Service Type
Digital Facility
Service Order
Network
Interface Code
Code
6.0N
Jacks
RJ-49C
ISDN
021S5
To ADTRAN service personnel: For continued protection against risk of fire, replace F1
with the same type and rating of fuse only: .2A, 250 V.
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FEDERAL CO MMUN ICATIO N S CO MMISSIO N RADIO FREQ UEN CY
IN TERFEREN CE STATEMEN T
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B dig-
ital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
or TV reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on. The
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
•
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help.
Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by ADTRAN will void
the user's authority to operate the equipment.
YEAR 2 0 0 0 Co m p lia n ce
All Adtran transmission hardware and software have been tested and found to be
fully compliant with the YEAR 2000 requirements. This is true for all models and
revisions regardless of the date of manufacture or delivery.
Users who wish to independently verify that specific products are in compliance may
contact ADTRAN Technical Support at 1-888-423-8726.
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CAN ADIAN EMISSIO N S REQ UIREMEN TS
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from
digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled
"Digital Apparatus," ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Cet appareil nuerique respecte les limites de bruits radioelectriques applicables aux
appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans la norme sur le materiel brouilleur:
"Appareils Numeriques," NMB-003 edictee par le ministre des Communications.
CAN ADIAN EQ UIPMEN T LIMITATIO N S
Notice: The Canadian Industry and Science Canada label identifies certified equip-
ment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications
network protective, operational, and safety requirements. The Department does not
guarantee the equipment will operate to the user ’s satisfaction.
Before installing this equipment, ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the fa-
cilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be in-
stalled using an acceptable method of connection. In some cases, the company’s inside
wiring associated with a single-line individual service may be extended by means of a
certified connector assembly (telephone extension cord). Compliance with the above
conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.
Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian mainte-
nance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user
to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications com-
pany cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.
Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of
the power utility, telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if present,
are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.
Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the
appropriate electric inspection authority, or an electrician, as appropriate.
The Load Number (LN) assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the
total load to be connected to a telephone loop which is used by the device, to prevent
overloading. The termination on a loop may consist of any combination of devices
subject only to the requirement that the total of the Load Numbers of all devices does
not exceed 100.
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IMPO RTAN T SAFETY IN STRUCTIO N S
When using your telephone equipment, basic safety precautions should always be fol-
lowed to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and injury to persons. The precautions
are listed below.
1. Do not use this product near water (for example, near a bath tub, wash
bowl, kitchen sink or laundry tub, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool).
2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical
storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
3. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.
4. Use only the power cord, power supply, and/ or batteries indicated in the
manual. Do not dispose of batteries in a fire. They may explode. Check local
codes for any special disposal instructions.
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS.
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AFFIDAVIT REQUIREMENTS FOR CONNECTION TO DIGITAL SERVICES
•
An affidavit is required to be given to the telephone company whenever
digital terminal equipment without encoded analog content and billing
protection is used to transmit digital signals containing encoded analog
content which are intended for eventual conversion into voiceband analog
signals and transmitted on the network.
•
•
•
The affidavit shall affirm that either no encoded analog content or billing
information is being transmitted or that the output of the device meets
Part 68 encoded analog content or billing protection specifications.
End user/ customer will be responsible to file an affidavit with the local ex-
change carrier when connecting unprotected CPE to a 1.544 Mbps or sub-
rate digital services.
Until such time as subrate digital terminal equipment is registered for
voice applications, the affidavit requirement for subrate services is
waived.
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AFFIDAVIT FOR CONNECTION OF CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT TO
1.544 MBPS AND/OR SUBRATE DIGITAL SERVICES
For the work to be performed in the certified territory of _______________
(telco name)
State of ________________
County of ________________
I, _____________________________ (name), _____________________
(business address), ____________________ (telephone number) being
duly sworn, state:
I have responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the terminal equip-
ment to be connected to 1.544 Mbps and/ or ________ subrate digital services.
The terminal equipment to be connected complies with Part 68 of the FCC
rules except for the encoded analog content and billing protection specifica-
tions. With respect to encoded analog content and billing protection:
( ) I attest that all operations associated with the establishment, maintenance,
and adjustment of the digital CPE with respect to analog content and encoded
billing protection information continuously complies with Part 68 of the FCC
Rules and Regulations.
( ) The digital CPE does not transmit digital signals containing encoded ana-
log content or billing information which is intended to be decoded within the
telecommunications network.
( ) The encoded analog content and billing protection is factory set and is not
under the control of the customer.
I attest that the operator(s)/ maintainer(s) of the digital CPE responsible for the
establishment, maintenance, and adjustment of the encoded analog content
and billing information has (have) been trained to perform these functions by
successfully having completed one of the following (check appropriate
blocks):
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( ) A. A training course provided by the manufacturer/ grantee of the equip-
ment used to encode analog signals; or
( ) B. A training course provided by the customer or authorized representa-
tive, using training materials and instructions provided by the manufacturer/
grantee of the equipment used to encode analog signals; or
( ) C. An independent training course (e.g., trade school or technical institu-
tion) recognized by the manufacturer/ grantee of the equipment used to en-
code analog signals; or
( ) D. In lieu of the preceding training requirements, the operator(s)/ main-
tainer(s) is (are) under the control of a supervisor trained in accordance with
_________ (circle one) above.
I agree to provide _________________ (telco's name) with proper documenta-
tion to demonstrate compliance with the information as provided in the pre-
ceding paragraph, if so requested.
_________________________________Signature
_________________________________Title
_________________________________ Date
Transcribed and sworn to before me
This ________ day of ________, 199___
_________________________________
Notary Public
My commission expires:
_________________________________
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Quick Startup Guide .................................................................................................... Quick Start-1
Setting up the ISDN Line ............................................................................................... Quick Start-1
Connecting to an Internet Service Provider ................................................................ Quick Start-2
Multiprotocol Routing Between Two LANS ............................................................... Quick Start-3
Chapter 1 Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/4110................................................... 1-1
ISDN Overview ................................................................................................................................. 1-1
The Express 4100/ 4110 ..................................................................................................................... 1-1
Applications ......................................................................................................................... 1-2
Bridging ................................................................................................................. 1-7
IP Routing .............................................................................................................. 1-8
IPX Routing ........................................................................................................... 1-9
Connection List - Simplifying and Enhancing the Dial Function ................. 1-9
Concurrent Routing and Bridging ................................................................................... 1-9
Routing over PPP Bridging ............................................................................................... 1-9
Network Address Translation Mode ............................................................................. 1-10
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Table of Contents
LAN Indicators ................................................................................................... 1-10
WAN Indicators ................................................................................................. 1-10
Test Indicators..................................................................................................... 1-10
Rear Panel .......................................................................................................................... 1-11
ISDN Connection .............................................................................................................. 1-11
Ordering ISDN .................................................................................................................. 1-13
Interoperability ................................................................................................................. 1-13
Configuration .................................................................................................................... 1-14
Security ............................................................................................................................... 1-14
Chapter 2 Installation ..................................................................................................................... 2-1
ISDN Network Connection ............................................................................................................. 2-1
Local Area Network Connection .................................................................................................... 2-1
Basic Telephone Service ..................................................................................................... 2-2
Supplementary Services .................................................................................................... 2-2
DTMF Keypad ..................................................................................................................... 2-2
Customer Premises Wiring ............................................................................................... 2-3
Chapter 3 Terminal Menu Operation and Structure................................................................ 3-1
Configuration ...................................................................................................................... 3-3
Status .................................................................................................................................... 3-3
Test ........................................................................................................................................ 3-3
Utilities ................................................................................................................................. 3-3
General Layout .................................................................................................................... 3-4
Menu Path ............................................................................................................................ 3-4
Moving Around .................................................................................................................. 3-4
Submenus [+] or [DATA] ..................................................................... 3-4
Activation Field <+> .............................................................................. 3-4
Editable Data Field ................................................................................ 3-4
Read-Only Field ..................................................................................... 3-4
Navigation with the Keyboard ............................................................ 3-5
Security Levels .................................................................................................................... 3-7
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Table of Contents
Configuration Menu ......................................................................................................................... 3-8
Configuration/ System Info ............................................................................................... 3-8
System Location .................................................................................................... 3-9
Firmware Revision ............................................................................................... 3-9
Configuration/ WAN ....................................................................................................... 3-10
ISDN/ Dial Line .................................................................................... 3-10
ISDN/ Leased Line ............................................................................... 3-12
ISDN/ NEBEs ........................................................................................ 3-13
ISDN/ FEBEs ......................................................................................... 3-13
POTS/ NI-1 Transfer FI ........................................................................ 3-13
Configuration/ IP .............................................................................................................. 3-15
IP/ IP Address ..................................................................................................... 3-15
IP/ Subnet Mask.................................................................................................. 3-15
IP/ Static Routes.................................................................................................. 3-16
Static Routes/ Active ............................................................................ 3-16
Static Routes/ Subnet Mask ................................................................ 3-16
Static Routes/ Gateway ....................................................................... 3-16
Static Routes/ Hops .............................................................................. 3-16
Static Routes/ Private ........................................................................... 3-17
IP/ IP Router ........................................................................................................ 3-17
IP Router/ Mode ................................................................................... 3-17
IP/ RIP .................................................................................................... 3-17
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Table of Contents
RIP/ Mode ..................................................................................... 3-17
NAT/ Web Server ................................................................................. 3-19
DNS/ Server 1 ....................................................................................... 3-19
DNS/ Server 2 ....................................................................................... 3-19
IP/ UDP Relay ..................................................................................................... 3-19
IP/ Proxy ARP ..................................................................................................... 3-21
Configuration/ IPX ........................................................................................................... 3-22
IPX/ Mode............................................................................................................ 3-22
IPX/ Network ...................................................................................................... 3-22
IPX/ Frame Type................................................................................................. 3-23
IPX/ Seed Status.................................................................................................. 3-23
IPX/ RIP Timer.................................................................................................... 3-24
IPX/ SAP Timer................................................................................................... 3-24
Configuration/ Bridge ...................................................................................................... 3-25
Bridge/ Mode ...................................................................................................... 3-25
Bridge/ WAN IP Bridge..................................................................................... 3-26
WAN IP Bridge/ Triggered ................................................................ 3-26
WAN IP Bridge/ Proxy ARP .............................................................. 3-26
Bridge/ WAN IPX Bridge.................................................................................. 3-26
WAN IPX Bridge/ Network ............................................................... 3-27
WAN IPX Bridge/ Frame Type .......................................................... 3-27
WAN IPX Bridge/ Seed Status ........................................................... 3-27
WAN IPX Bridge/ Triggered .............................................................. 3-27
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Table of Contents
Bridge/ Address Table ....................................................................................... 3-28
Configuration/ Security ................................................................................................... 3-29
Security/ Authentication ................................................................................... 3-29
Security/ When ................................................................................................... 3-30
Security/ Radius Server ..................................................................................... 3-30
Radius Server/ Secret ........................................................................... 3-30
Security/ PPP....................................................................................................... 3-31
Security/ Filter Defines ...................................................................................... 3-32
Configuration/ Connection List ...................................................................................... 3-36
Connection List/ Active ..................................................................................... 3-37
Connection List/ Authentication ...................................................................... 3-37
IP/ Mode ................................................................................................ 3-40
IP/ NAT ................................................................................................. 3-40
IP/ Route ................................................................................................ 3-41
Route/ IP/ Net .............................................................................. 3-41
Route/ Netmask ........................................................................... 3-41
Route/ Static Route ...................................................................... 3-41
Route/ Private .............................................................................. 3-42
Route/ Hops ................................................................................. 3-42
Route/ Force IP ............................................................................. 3-42
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Table of Contents
RIP/ Mode ..................................................................................... 3-42
RIP/ Retain ................................................................................... 3-43
IPX/ Mode ............................................................................................. 3-44
IPX/ Triggered ...................................................................................... 3-44
IPX/ Retain ............................................................................................ 3-44
IPX/ Type 20 Packets ........................................................................... 3-45
Connection List/ Bridge..................................................................................... 3-45
Bridge/ Mode ........................................................................................ 3-45
Connection List/ Probe ...................................................................................... 3-46
Probe/ Active ........................................................................................ 3-46
Connection List/ PPP ......................................................................................... 3-47
PPP/ Multilink ...................................................................................... 3-47
PPP/ Compression ............................................................................... 3-48
PPP/ Max Timer ................................................................................... 3-48
PPP/ Max Failure ................................................................................. 3-49
Connection List/ Dial Out ................................................................................. 3-49
Dial Out/ Call Type ............................................................................. 3-49
Dial Out/ Redial at 56K ....................................................................... 3-50
Dial Out/ Delay .................................................................................... 3-50
Dial Out/ Connection Timeout .......................................................... 3-50
Dial Out/ Attempts .............................................................................. 3-51
Dial Out/ Initial Channels ................................................................... 3-51
Connection List/ Bandwidth............................................................................. 3-51
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Table of Contents
Filters/ In Exceptions ........................................................................... 3-54
Filters/ Out Exceptions ........................................................................ 3-55
Filters/ Demand Dial ........................................................................... 3-55
Configuration/ Management ........................................................................................... 3-57
Telnet/ Server Access ........................................................................... 3-58
Telnet/ User List ................................................................................... 3-58
Management/ SNMP.......................................................................................... 3-59
SNMP Access ........................................................................................ 3-59
Communities/ Privilege .............................................................. 3-59
Communities/ Manager IP ......................................................... 3-60
SNMP/ Traps ........................................................................................ 3-60
Traps/ Manager Name ................................................................ 3-60
Traps/ Manager IP ....................................................................... 3-60
Management/ Maint Port .................................................................................. 3-60
Maint Port/ Password Protect ............................................................ 3-60
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Table of Contents
Maint Port/ Baud Rate ......................................................................... 3-61
Maint Port/ Data Bits ........................................................................... 3-61
Maint Port/ Parity ................................................................................ 3-61
Maint Port/ Stop Bits ........................................................................... 3-61
Configuration/ Terminal Mode ...................................................................................... 3-61
Dial/ Description ............................................................................................................... 3-62
Dial/ Dial ............................................................................................................................ 3-62
Dial/ Hang Up ................................................................................................................... 3-63
Dial/ Status ........................................................................................................................ 3-63
Dial/ Number 1 ................................................................................................................. 3-63
Dial/ Number 2 ................................................................................................................. 3-63
Status Menu ..................................................................................................................................... 3-64
Call Sessions/ Spanning Tree............................................................................ 3-66
Status/ ARP Cache ............................................................................................................ 3-66
Status/ Bridge Table ......................................................................................................... 3-67
Status/ IPX Routes ............................................................................................................ 3-68
Status/ IPX Servers ........................................................................................................... 3-69
Status/ WAN Stats ............................................................................................................ 3-70
Status/ LAN Stats .............................................................................................................. 3-70
Test Menu/ Echo Request ................................................................................................ 3-73
Logs/ Sys log Host ............................................................................................................ 3-75
Logs/ PPP Log ................................................................................................................... 3-75
PPP Log/ Active.................................................................................................. 3-75
PPP Log/ Wrap ................................................................................................... 3-75
PPP Log/ Level.................................................................................................... 3-75
PPP Log/ View .................................................................................................... 3-75
PPP Log/ Clear.................................................................................................... 3-75
Logs/ Call Log ................................................................................................................... 3-75
Call Log/ Active.................................................................................................. 3-76
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Table of Contents
Call Log/ Clear .................................................................................................... 3-76
Logs/ Network Log ........................................................................................................... 3-76
Network Log/ Active ......................................................................................... 3-76
Network Log/ Wrap ........................................................................................... 3-76
Network Log/ Level ........................................................................................... 3-77
Utilities Menu .................................................................................................................................. 3-78
Utilities/ Ping ..................................................................................................................... 3-78
Utilities/ Telnet Client ...................................................................................................... 3-79
Utilities/ Upgrade Menu .................................................................................................. 3-79
Upgrade/ Start Transfer..................................................................................... 3-80
Utilities/ Exit ...................................................................................................................... 3-80
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................... 4-1
If Self-Test Fails .................................................................................................................................. 4-1
If the Express 4100/ 4110 does not read Ready ............................................................................. 4-1
Chapter 5 Specifications ................................................................................................................ 5-1
Specifications and Features .............................................................................................................. 5-1
Network Interface .................................................................................. 5-1
Ethernet Interface (LAN) ...................................................................... 5-1
Switch Compatibility ............................................................................. 5-1
Dual POTS Interface .............................................................................. 5-1
Display ..................................................................................................... 5-2
Environmental ........................................................................................ 5-2
Physical .................................................................................................... 5-3
Power ....................................................................................................... 5-3
Appendix A Loop Status Messages ............................................................................................ A-1
Appendix B Log Messages ........................................................................................................... B-1
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Table of Contents
Appendix C SNMP ........................................................................................................................ C-1
Appendix D Connector Pinouts .................................................................................................. D-1
Appendix E Terminal Mode Commands ...................................................................................E-1
Appendix F Frame Relay Firmware Version ............................................................................. F-1
Glossary ............................................................................................................................... Glossary-1
Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... Acronyms-1
Index ........................................................................................................................................... Index-1
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Figure 1-1. Express 4100/ 4110T ..................................................................................................... 1-2
Figure 1-2. Single User to Corporate LAN ................................................................................... 1-2
Figure 1-3. Single User to Internet Service Provider .................................................................. 1-3
Figure 1-4. Multiple User to Internet Service Provider .............................................................. 1-4
Figure 1-5. SOHO to Corporate LAN ........................................................................................... 1-5
Figure 1-6. Express 4100/ 4110 LEDs .......................................................................................... 1-11
Figure 1-7. Express 4100/ 4110 Rear Panel ................................................................................. 1-12
Figure 2-1. Wiring Scheme 1: Use existing analog telephone equipment, but replace single
analog telephone service with ISDN service ................................................................................. 2-4
Figure 2-2. Wiring Scheme 2: Retain single analog telephone service and add
ISDN service ...................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Figure 3-1. Top Level Terminal Menu .......................................................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-2. Configuration/ System Info Screen ........................................................................... 3-8
Figure 3-3. Configuration/ WAN Screen .................................................................................... 3-10
Figure 3-4. Configuration/ IP Screen .......................................................................................... 3-15
Figure 3-5. Configuration/ IPX Screen ........................................................................................ 3-22
Figure 3-6. Configuration/ Bridge Screen .................................................................................. 3-25
Figure 3-7. Configuration/ Security Screen ................................................................................ 3-29
Figure 3-8. Configuration/ Connection List Screen .................................................................. 3-36
Figure 3-9. Configuration/ Management Screen ....................................................................... 3-57
Figure 3-10. Dial Screen .................................................................................................................. 3-62
Figure 3-11. Status Screen ............................................................................................................... 3-64
Figure 3-12. Test Screen .................................................................................................................. 3-73
Figure 3-13. Logs Screen ................................................................................................................. 3-74
Figure 3-14. Utilities Screen ............................................................................................................ 3-78
Figure F-1. Configuration/ Frame Relay Screen ..........................................................................F-1
Figure F-2. Status/ Sessions Screen (with Frame Relay) ...........................................................F-10
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List of Figures
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Table 2-1. Using the Flash-Hook.................................................................................................. 2-3
Table 4-1. Troubleshooting Calls ................................................................................................. 4-6
Table D-1. IBM/ AT Style EIA-232 Interface .............................................................................. D-1
Table D-2. RJ-49C ISDN ............................................................................................................... D-1
Table D-3. RJ-11 POTS................................................................................................................... D-2
Table D-4. 10BaseT Ethernet......................................................................................................... D-2
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List of Tables
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Quick Startup Guide
SETTIN G UP THE ISDN LIN E
Before configuring the Express 4100/ 4110, ensure that the telephone ser-
vice has provided the switch type, service profile identification (SPID),
and local directory number (LDN).
Example:
Switch Type
SPID1
National ISDN-1
20555512120100
20555512130100
5551212
SPID2
LDN1
LDN2
5551213
1. Connect a VT 100 async terminal, or personal computer with a termi-
nal emulator running 9600 N-8-1, to the MAINTENANCE port.
2. Hold down the Control key and press R; then press Enter to display
the top menu.
3. Using the arrow keys and Enter key to navigate the menu, go to the
Configuration/WAN/ISDN/Dial Line menu. Enter the SPIDs, LDNs,
and switch type.
4. Use the left arrow key or the Escape key to go back up the menu tree.
When asked to save ISDN parameters, type y.
5. Connect the ISDN line to the RJ-49C jack labeled ISDN on the rear
panel.
6. When the PWR LED remains solid, the Express 4100/ 4110 is ready
for calling.
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Quick Startup Guide
7. If using a POTS phone with the Express 4110, connect the POTS tele-
phone to the POTS port.
If the SPID(s) does not work or is unknown, try activating the ExpertISDN™ feature. First
enter the area code and local directory number(s); then press the Enter key over the ExpertISDN
activator.
CO N N ECTIN G TO AN IN TERN ET SERVICE PRO VIDER
In te rn e t Acce ss u sin g N e tw o rk Ad d re ss Tra n sla tio n (N AT)
1. Connect the 10BaseT cable from the PC’s network card to the Express
4100/ 4110.
2. Go to the Configuration/Connection List menu, and then press the
right arrow key to place the cursor on the Num column.
3. Type I to insert a new Connection List entry.
4. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor over the Num column for the
inserted entry. Press Enter to place the subentries into the right pane.
5. Set the Description to an identifiable name (i.e., ISP).
6. Go into the Authentication field and select PAP or CHAP for the Tx
7. Enter your user name and password (provided by your ISP) into the
Tx Username and Tx Password fields.
8. Move the cursor to the left pane and highlight the IP parameters.
9. Set the NAT item to Yes. This is a very important step. The Express
4100/ 4110 will need to translate the “fake” IP address(es) on the PC(s)
to the “real” address provided dynamically by the ISP. See “IP/ NAT”
on page 3-18 for more details.
10. All other IP parameters should be left at their default settings. Navi-
gate over to the Dial Out parameters.
11. Enter the number into Number 1. If configured for two B-channel
(PPP Multilink) by the ISP, enter Number 2 if it exists and set Initial
Channels to 2.
12. Arrow left until the message Save Connection List Changes appears.
Type y to save.
13. Go to the Configuration/IP menu and enter an IP address and net
mask into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. The factory
default setting will work just as well (10.0.0.1, 255.255.255.0).
14. Go into the Configuration/IP/NAT submenu and set DHCP Mode to
On.
15. Arrow left to save the configuration.
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16. Go into the Dial menu.
17. Set the cursor over the Dial parameter for the Connection List profile
you just set up.
18. Press Enter; the Express 4100/ 4110 will start dialing.
19. If the call is successful, the Status column will read active. If not,
make sure the number(s) are correct or reference “Troubleshooting”
on page 4-1 before going on to the next step.
20. Once the call is up, the PC must generate a DHCP request to obtain
the IP parameters needed to get on the Internet. Refer to your PC’s
user manual or help screen.
MULTIPRO TO CO L RO UTIN G BETW EEN TW O LAN S
Re m o te / Ho m e O ffice Acce ssin g th e Co rp o ra te LAN
The following steps can be used to set up the Express 4100/ 4110 on a
remote LAN to access a corporate or central LAN using demand dial and
dynamic bandwidth management.
1. Connect the 10BaseT cable from the hub to the Express 4100/ 4110.
2. Set the IP address and Subnet Mask assigned by the network admin-
istrator in the Configuration/IP menu.
3. For the Default Gateway, enter the IP address of the access server at
the remote site. This creates a default route in the IP routing table
that will be used with the dial-on-demand feature in the Express
4100/ 4110.
4. Use the arrow keys to get to the Configuration/IPX menu. Set the
Network value to the IPX network supplied by the network adminis-
trator. Set the Seed Status to Seed. Arrow left and save the changes
with a y when prompted.
5. Move to the Configuration/Connection List. Use the arrow keys to
move the cursor over the Num column. Type I to insert a new entry.
6. Move the cursor over the Description field and press Enter. A pop
up window appears in which to enter a name for this Connection List
profile.
7. Move the cursor over the Authentication menu and press Return.
This will place the authentication parameters into the right pane.
8. Enter the username and password under Tx Username and Tx Pass-
word. These items should be provided by the administrator at the
site being dialed.
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9. Use the down arrow to display the IP menu parameters in the right
pane.
10. Move the cursor over the Route menu and press Return.
11. Enter the IP address and Netmask parameters of the access server at
the remote site. This creates a static route to the access server ’s net-
work which is entered into the Express 4100/ 4110’s IP route table.
12. Move the cursor over the RIP menu. Check with the network admin-
istrator for the type of routing protocol used. The Express 4100/ 4110
supports RIP versions 1 and 2. The protocol is set in the Protocol
parameter.
13. Select Yes for the Triggered parameter. This will prevent periodic RIP
updates that keep the ISDN link from going “idle.”
14. Select Yes for the Retain parameter. This will allow the routes learned
from the access server to be saved in the IP routing table. Access to
any of those networks from the workstation will cause this profile to
be dialed.
15. Use the left arrow to get back to the previous menu. Use the down
arrow to view the IPX menu parameters in the right pane.
16. This is similar to steps 13 and 14. Select Yes for Triggered and Yes for
Retain. This will allow the ISDN link to go to an idle state and permit
the Express 4100/ 4110 to “spoof” the server information obtained
from the access server. A similar configuration must be selected on the
access server.
17. Use the arrows to get the Dial Out menu parameters for this profile.
18. Enter the phone number of the access server in Number 1. If config-
ured by the administrator to use two B-channels using Multilink PPP,
set the Initial Channels field to 2. Some PPP protocols, if they exist in
the access server, will allow the second channel to come into play
only if the bandwidth is needed. If this is the case, the Express 4100/
4110 will automatically negotiate this with the access server.
19. Now move to the Bandwidth menu for this profile. Once there, use
the right arrow to move to the On Demand submenu.
20. Set the Mode parameter to On. This enables the dynamic bandwidth
features of the Express 4100/ 4110.
21. Select the Idle Timeout parameter and enter the number of seconds
the Express 4100/ 4110 should wait before hanging up the connection
when no traffic is present. A value of 120 seconds is typical. A value
of 0 means never idle the link.
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22. All the parameters for this Connection List profile are complete. To
save them, press the left arrow to get to the top (main) menu; when
prompted Save Connection List changes? enter y.
23. Set up the computer workstation’s IP and IPX parameters as
instructed by the network administrator. The Express 4100/ 4110’s IP
address should be the computer’s default gateway.
When the computer which is attached to the local LAN attempts to access
a host on the access server, the Express 4100/ 4110 will dial the number
provided in the Connection List profile. The Express 4100/ 4110 will pro-
vide one of two B-channels based on traffic demand and POTS port usage
(Express XLT model only). If no packet traffic is transmitted or received
for the specified number of seconds, the Express 4100/ 4110 will discon-
nect the link until a computer on the local LAN again attempts to access a
host on the access server.
If Novell’s IPX protocol is being used, the link must be dialed first in the
Dial menu to obtain the server and route information needed by the com-
puter to boot up. Advanced users can use the Express 4100/ 4110’s Probe
feature to periodically dial the access server to obtain the route and
server information, thereby removing the need to manually dial the first
time.
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Chapter 1
Understanding ISDN and the
Express 4100/ 4110
ISDN O VERVIEW
The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a public or private
switched digital network. ISDN is an international standard for digital
communications, allowing a full range of enhanced services supporting
voice, data, and image applications through standard interfaces over a
single telephone wire. ISDN provides a means of integrating these ser-
vices and modernizing communication networks for information move-
THE EXPRESS 4 1 0 0 / 4 1 1 0
The Express 4100/ 4110 is a standalone device that links two Local Area
Networks (LANs) using a high-speed ISDN public network or leased
two-wire line. Optionally, the Express 4110 has two plain old telephone
service (POTS) connectors used for voice/ modem applications
See Figure 1-1 on page 1-2 for an illustration of the Express 4100/ 4110.
The 10BaseT connector operates at 10 megabits per second half duplex
and accepts standard Ethernet packets encapsulated using IEEE 802.3 or
Ethernet II (DIX). The maintenance port can connect to any asynchronous
terminal emulating a VT 100 terminal for configuration.
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
Express 4110
Fig u re 1 -1 . Ex p re ss 4 1 0 0 / 4 1 1 0 T
Ap p lica tio n s
Sin g le Use r to Co rp o ra te LAN
•
•
•
Telecommuter/ Home Office Access to the corporate LAN
Single device access
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts are “relayed” to corporate
LAN.
•
•
Client device can obtain the Internet Protocol (IP) address dynami-
cally using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Compatible with popular central site LAN access devices
Fig u re 1 -2 . Sin g le Use r to Co rp o ra te LAN
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Sin g le Use r IP to In te rn e t Se rvice Pro vid e r (ISP) u sin g N e tw o rk
Ad d re ss Tra n sla tio n (N AT)
•
•
Provides high speed home access to the Internet
NAT provides translation from user assigned IP addresses to ISP
assigned IP addresses.
•
•
•
•
The PC’s IP address can be dynamically assigned by the Express
4100/ 4110.
Overcomes the serial port speed limitations of current terminal
adapter solutions
Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) plus compression yields
effective throughput greater than 256 kbps.
Compatible with popular ISP access devices
Fig u re 1 -3 . Sin g le Use r to In te rn e t Se rvice Pro vid e r
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
Mu ltip le Use rs to In te rn e t Se rvice Pro vid e r (ISP) u sin g N AT
•
•
•
Provides high speed home access to the Internet
Multiple and simultaneous access
The PC’s IP address can by dynamically assigned by the Express
4100/ 4110.
•
•
On-demand Internet access
Multilink PPP plus compression yields effective throughput greater
than 256 kbps.
•
Compatible with popular ISP access devices
Fig u re 1 -4 . Mu ltip le Use r to In te rn e t Se rvice Pro vid e r
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
Sm a ll O ffice - Ho m e O ffice (SO HO ) to Co rp o ra te LAN
•
•
Connects the small office or home office to the corporate LAN
Routes IP and Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) traffic from multiple
devices to the corporate LAN
•
•
•
•
Bridges all non-routed traffic (e.g., AppleTalk)
Provides dedicated or on-demand services
Low-cost alternative to buying a high-end router
Compatible with popular central site LAN access devices
Fig u re 1 -5 . SO HO to Co rp o ra te LAN
The Express 4100/ 4110 provides the following basic functions:
1. LAN Bridge: Bridging provides a point-to-point connection between
two LANs. The bridge learning function scans the source and desti-
nation media access control (MAC) addresses of all packets on its
local LAN and determines which packets should be transmitted over
the ISDN link. Applications include connectivity between single
user or small offices to corporate LANs. The Express 4100/ 4110 uses
the Spanning Tree Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d-ISO/ IEC10038), which
provides a loop-free topology and redundancy.
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
2. IP Router: The Express 4100/ 4110 can function as an IP router using
the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for advertising and learning
routes among other routers. Static routes may also be entered into the
routing table.
3. IPX Router: IPX routers and services can be exchanged between the
Express 4100/ 4110 and other devices using RIP and Service Advertis-
ing Protocol (SAP). Watch dog serialization filtering and spoofing can
permit the ISDN to be idle during no application traffic periods.
4. Network Address Translation (NAT): Single networks can connect to
the Internet with this function. The Express 4100/ 4110 translates out-
going IP packets over the ISDN to the IP router at the Internet Service
Provider. Popular Internet applications are supported.
5. POTS: The POTS interfaces can be used for interfacing to dual tone
multi-frequency (DTMF) analog devices such as telephones, modems,
fax machines, etc. The Express 4110 POTS option is available on part
number 1200176L2 only.
De m a n d Ro u tin g a n d Brid g in g w ith th e Ex p re ss 4 1 0 0 / 4 1 1 0
The Express 4100/ 4110 is a dial-up ISDN IP Router and Transparent
Learning Bridge that provides Dial-On-Demand and Dynamic Bandwidth
Management. Its features can be easily configured and used once several
basic concepts are understood.
Fa cto ry De fa u lt
The Express 4100/ 4110 comes from the factory configured for MAC
Bridging, IP routing, and IPX routing with no filters or connection infor-
mation defined. An IP address of 10.0.0.1 with a network mask of
255.255.255.0 is preloaded. Dynamic Bandwidth Management features are
disabled. Although dynamic assignment of a B-channel for the analog
(POTS) ports on the Express 4110 model is always available, link idle
time-out and adding/ removing of B-channels based on traffic is initially
disabled.
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Brid g in g
In Bridge Mode, the Express 4100/ 4110 can communicate with two
remote networks at a time. The destination is dialed by setting up a Con-
nection List profile and choosing Dial on the Dial menu. See “Configura-
tion/ Connection List” on page 3-36 for instructions on setting up a
Connection List profile.
During a two B-channel PPP Multilink call, the Express 4110 automati-
cally drops one B-channel and provides it to the POTS port when a tele-
phone call is placed or answered. When a POTS telephone call
terminates, the Express 4100 redials the second B-channel and supplies
the bandwidth back to the LAN connection. Since other bandwidth man-
agement features are disabled in the factory default configuration, the
dialed links remain active until the Hang-up command is entered from
the Dial menu, terminating the session with the selected remote network.
The Connection List described in the next section may be used to auto-
mate dialing and to store additional information specific to the remote
site being dialed (phone numbers, number of B-channels to dial, authen-
tication information, Caller ID, etc.). In addition, to reduce line charges,
Demand Dialing may be enabled to allow idle links to disconnect when
not being used .
Simple Demand Bridging may be configured by enabling the Idle Time-
Out parameter under the Configuration/ Connection List [1]/Band-
width/On Demand option on the Connection List. Setting this parame-
ter to a non-zero value allows a bridge connection to disconnect after the
specified number of seconds with no traffic crossing the ISDN link.
Bandwidth can be controlled using the Express 4100/ 4110’s advanced fil-
tering capability. When new traffic needs to be transmitted, the Express
4100/ 4110 will run each packet through its Demand filters defined for
each Connection List profile. If a packet can pass through the filter, then
the numbers for that profile are dialed. In addition, when both B-chan-
nels are selected for use, the link may be configured to add/ remove the
second B-channel based on the amount of traffic crossing the link. The
bridged connection is terminated when the Hang-up option is selected
from the Dial menu, but will redial if the demand filter condition is met.
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
IP Ro u tin g
The Express 4100/ 4110 operates as a dial-up IP router when the Configu-
ration/IP/IP Router/Mode option is configured to On. The Express 4100/
4110 uses an IP unnumbered WAN interface; the IP address and mask
assigned to the unit’s LAN interface apply to all routing and IP operations
for the unit. If a default gateway is specified on the network of the Ether-
net interface, the unit attempts to reach the gateway through that inter-
face. If the gateway is specified on an unknown network, the unknown
network is assigned to the router table and remains unused until that
gateway becomes the peer on a WAN connection. If no default gateway is
specified, the first connected peer on the WAN interface becomes the
default gateway (recommended for remote applications when there are
no other routers on the remote LAN).
For each profile in the Connection List that includes an IP address and has
the Configuration/Connection List/IP/Route/Static Route option set to
Yes, the Network Address of the specified IP address is added to the
router table with the Host Address as the gateway. If the Configuration/
Connection List/IP/Route/Private option is set to No, the route is adver-
tised at the specified metric through the unit’s interfaces as if a connection
is active to that network. These routes are referred to as spoofed routes.
Attempts by any computer connected to the LAN interface to access a
host on a spoofed network causes a connection to be attempted using the
information from that Connection List profile. Once connected, routes
advertised by the peer router are learned and advertised to the local LAN.
If Bandwidth-On-Demand is enabled and an Idle Time-out value is speci-
fied, expiration of the Idle Timer causes the link to be disconnected; the
routes learned from the peer router are retained if the Configuration/
Connection List/IP/RIP/Retain option is set to Yes and advertised as if
the connection is still active. These routes are referred to as retained routes.
Attempts by any connected computer to access a host on any of the
retained routes causes the link to be redialed. If Hang Up is activated
from the Dial menu when the link is down, the retained routes are
removed.
The Express 4100/ 4110 can be connected to two WAN destinations at the
same time. Each B-channel is dialed to a different location. Routes learned
from one WAN destination are advertised to the other using RIP.
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
IPX Ro u tin g
Like IP routing, the Express 4100/ 4110 can connect to two different sites
and exchange IPX packets. Network routes and services are learned and
advertised using Novell’s RIP and SAP. Routes and services learned from
a separate site can be retained in the Express 4100/ 4110 when the connec-
tion goes idle. While retained, the Express 4100/ 4110 can spoof RIP/ SAP
and watch-dog and filter serialization packets that would normally be
required between the Novell server and client.
Co n n e ctio n List - Sim p lify in g a n d En h a n cin g th e Dia l Fu n ctio n
The Connection List, which is accessed from the Configuration menu,
provides a location to define information regarding 15 individual desti-
nations that may be dialed. A Connection List entry is required for each
destination since authentication information (method, username, pass-
word), number of B-channels, telephone numbers, Caller ID, IP, or IPX
address (for routed connections), and other information can be stored for
each destination defined. Defined destinations may be dialed by select-
ing the Dial activator in the Dial menu or by demand for the desired
Connection List profile.
Co n cu rre n t Ro u tin g a n d Brid g in g
The Express 4100/ 4110 can route IP and IPX as well as bridge non-IP/ IPX
packets simultaneously. The Connection List profile will by default nego-
tiate PPP network protocols to support the transmission and reception of
IP, IPX, and Bridge packets. If the PPP peer does not accept a protocol, the
Express 4100/ 4110 will fall back to any combination of routing and bridg-
ing.
Ro u tin g o ve r PPP Brid g in g
The Express 4100/ 4110 can support legacy equipment which does not
support PPP IP (IPCP) or IPX (IPXCP) protocols by allowing routing
packets over the WAN connection using PPP Bridging (BCP). To perform
this, the Express 4100/ 4110 uses a “virtual” Ethernet port. This port is set
up under the Configuration/Bridge menu.
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
N e tw o rk Ad d re ss Tra n sla tio n Mo d e
NAT is a special mode of operation in which the Express 4100/ 4110
obtains a dynamically assigned IP address from the peer router (typically
an Internet Service Provider). This allows a network of computers to ben-
efit from Ethernet to ISDN speeds while still appearing to the Internet Ser-
vice Provider (or central site router) as a single IP address, which is
typical of PC based serial dial-up solutions.
tion List profile that has the IP parameter NAT set to Yes. The network
computer ’s IP stack may use DHCP to request an IP address, default gate-
way address, and domain name server addresses from the Express 4100/
4110.
Fro n t Pa n e l
“Express 4100/ 4110 LEDs” on page 1-11 shows the front panel of the
Express 4100/ 4110. The indicators are divided into LAN functions, WAN
functions, and Test functions.
LAN In d ica to rs
TX/ RX
Flashes green when transmitting data onto the 10BaseT
connector.
Flashes yellow when receiving data from the 10BaseT
connector.
Link integrity. Illuminates when there is a good connection between
the Express 4100/ 4110 and the Hub/ NIC card.
LI
WAN In d ica to rs
PWR
1
Flashes when the link is inactive; solid when the link is active.
Flashes green when the link is being negotiated; off when the link is
active. After the link is active, 1 flashes green when a call on POTS line
1 is in progress; solid green when a call is connected.
2
Flashes green when the link is being negotiated; off when the link is
active. After the link is active, 2 flashes green when a call on POTS line
2 is in progress; solid green when a call is connected.
Te st In d ica to rs
1/ 2
A slow amber flash indicates test in progress; a fast amber flash indi-
cates test has failed.
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
Express 4110
Fig u re 1 -6 . Ex p re ss 4 1 0 0 / 4 1 1 0 LEDs
Re a r Pa n e l
The Express 4100/ 4110 has one RJ-49C jack, labeled ISDN, on the rear
panel for network connection (see Figure 1-7). The OFF/ON switch block
is for factory default and firmware downloading. With switch 1 in the up
or OFF position, the 4100/ 4110 will go immediately into a download
mode when power is enabled. Switch 1 must be in the down or ON posti-
tion in order to boot up normally. Switch 2 in the up or OFF position will
force the entire configuration to be factory defaulted.
ISDN Co n n e ctio n
From the network, ISDN is delivered by a single 2-wire 2B1Q U-interface
which is connected directly to the Express 4100/ 4110. ISDN network ter-
mination is designed into the Express 4100/ 4110, eliminating the need
and expense of a separate NT1. For network testing, the Express 4100/
4110 responds to NT1 test commands from the telephone company cen-
tral office (CO).
The Express 4100/ 4110 has one RJ-49C jack, labeled ISDN, on the rear
panel for network connection (see Figure 1-7). ISDN basic rate service
divides a standard telephone line into three digital channels capable of
simultaneous voice and data transmission. The three channels are com-
prised of two bearer (B) channels at 64 kbps and one data (D) channel at
16 kbps, known as 2B+D.
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
The Express 4100/ 4110 also supports a leased digital connection allowing
data to be transferred at up to 128 kbps over a 2-wire facility using the
same RJ-49C jack. This type of service is a permanent connection between
endpoints and is sometimes referred to as a leased connection, a dedi-
cated connection, a nailed-up connection, or a private circuit. Leased con-
nection or leased line is used in this manual to represent these types of
services.
Fig u re 1 -7 . Ex p re ss 4 1 0 0 / 4 1 1 0 Re a r Pa n e l
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
O rd e rin g ISDN
When ordering ISDN from the telephone company, request EZ-ISDN 1
(Capability Package U) to ensure it is set up properly. EZ-ISDN 1 is rec-
ommended by the industry for most home office/ small business applica-
tions. If this is not available from your service provider or you would
like more information regarding ordering ISDN, see the ADTRAN docu-
ment Ordering ISDN Service User Guide part number 60000.015-8 or con-
tact your telephone company for alternative line configurations. The
Ordering ISDN Service User Guide is available on the ADTRAN home page
at http://www.adtran.com or by calling ADTRAN.
In te ro p e ra b ility
The Express 4100/ 4110 is standards based and uses PPP developed by
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). PPP provides a standard method
of transporting multiprotocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP is
widely accepted by many ISDN bridge/ router manufacturers. The
Express 4100/ 4110 will negotiate Multilink PPP when connecting both B-
channels. The Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP) may also negotiate,
which enhances the management of adding and removing a B-channel.
®
Data compression is also supported using LZS technology from hi/ fn™.
Co n n e ctin g to th e In te rn e t
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) assign an IP address to use when con-
nected to their service using PPP negotiation. This assignment is based
on the assumption that the user has an ISDN terminal adapter running
PPP async-to-sync conversion or another rate adaption where the PPP
negotiation is terminated inside the PC’s IP stack. However, if an ISDN-
Ethernet gateway device is used, the ISP must preassign the customer a
subnet which uses multiple IP addresses. This may result in a much
higher cost to the user.
The Express 4100/ 4110 permits the user to assign any IP addresses to the
unit and computers. Operations on the network can occur normally. In
fact, one B-channel can connect to the ISP using NAT while the other B-
channel connects to another “private” or “fake” network. All packets
transmitted or received over the ISP connection are translated. The
Express 4100/ 4110 keeps track of the computers that request services
over the Internet. A web server address can be assigned under the Con-
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Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express 4100/ 4110
figuration/IP/NAT menu that allows incoming HTTP, FTP, and mail
server requests from the Internet to be translated and forwarded to this
address on the user network.
Co n fig u ra tio n
The Express 4100/ 4110 is configured using a menu-based interface. This
interface can be accessed via the maintenance port using any asynchro-
nous VT 100 terminal or personal computer running a terminal emulation
program, or via the LAN using a Telnet client program. To use the Telnet
interface, the Express 4100/ 4110 must first have an IP address pro-
grammed into it via the maintenance port. The factory default is 10.0.0.1.
Se cu rity
Security on network devices is a major concern for almost anyone with a
local network from hostile users. Incoming calls can be authenticated
using passwords and Caller ID. A RADIUS client can also be used.
The Telnet configuration can also be protected using the same authentica-
tion methods. Each menu item in the Express 4100/ 4110 has a security
level associated with it. A Telnet session is assigned a privilege level
which determines which menu items are accessible to the Telnet client.
See “Security Levels” on page 3-7 (in Chapter 3) for more information on
menu security levels.
Filters can be defined to prevent certain addresses or protocols from being
transferred from LAN-to-WAN, WAN-to-LAN, or WAN-to-WAN.
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Chapter 2
Installation
After unpacking the unit, immediately inspect it for possible shipping
damage. If damage is discovered, file a claim immediately with the ship-
ping carrier; then contact the ADTRAN Repair and Return department.
ISDN N ETW O RK CO N N ECTIO N
The Express 4100/ 4110 supports either dial or leased operation. A single
RJ-49C modular jack labeled ISDN on the rear panel provides connection
to either network service.
Dial operation allows the user to dial out or receive calls over the public
network.
The leased operation mode supports dedicated 2B1Q data service at rates
up to 128 kbps by using a nailed up circuit, or a permanent connection
between endpoints.
See “Connector Pinouts” on page D-1 for ISDN network connector pin
assignments.
LO CAL AREA N ETW O RK CO N N ECTIO N
The Express 4100/ 4110 has a 10BaseT connector that provides half-
duplex 10 Mbps operation over a 4-wire twisted pair.
Other types of Ethernet interfaces (i.e., AUI, 10Base2, etc.) can be accom-
modated by obtaining an appropriate converter.
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Chapter 2. Installation
TELEPHO N E CO N N ECTIO N (4 1 1 0 O N LY)
Ba sic Te le p h o n e Se rvice
The Express 4110 supports an analog DTMF telephone type (AT&T 2500)
with the POTS interface, part number 1200176L2. Two telephones or
other analog devices (like a fax machine or modem) plug into either RJ-11
jack (labeled with drawings of telephones) on the rear of the unit. Using a
multipoint line allows the POTS and data port to have unique phone
numbers.
Su p p le m e n ta ry Se rvice s
Supplementary services such as call holding, three- or six-way conferenc-
ing, call transfer, and call waiting are fully supported by the Express
4100/ 4110 on a touch-tone telephone. Table 2-1 explains how the flash-
hook is used for handling multi-call situations.
DTMF Ke y p a d
The following functions are performed on a touch-tone phone:
Disable call waiting:
Enable call waiting:
Redial last number:
Enable ExpertISDN:
Enter Area Code:
Press **0
Press **1
Press **5
Press **6
Press **7 XXX (where XXX is a 3-digit
area code. This must be entered first,
before enabling ExpertISDN.)
Enter Phone Number 1:
Enter Phone Number 2:
Press **8 XXXXXXX (where XXXXXXX
is the 7- digit phone number. This must
be entered before enabling Exper-
tISDN.)
Press **9 XXXXXXX (where XXXXXXX
is the 7-digit phone number. If only one
phone number is assigned, this does not
have to be entered.)
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Chapter 2. Installation
Ta b le 2 -1 . Usin g th e Fla sh -Ho o k
Calling a second party with an active call:
Flash-hook to place active call on hold and dial new number. Hanging
up will terminate the call.
Answering an incoming call with an active call at call waiting:
Flash-hook to place active call on hold and answer incoming call. Hang-
ing up will terminate both calls.
Conferencing Calls:
With an outgoing call on hold, and a second outgoing call active, flash-
hook to conference calls. Hanging up will transfer second call.
With an incoming call on hold, and outgoing call active, flash-hook to
conference calls. Hanging up will transfer calls.
With two incoming calls (one on hold and one active) flash-hook to con-
ference calls. Hanging up transfers calls.
Answering calls on hold, and holding incoming active calls:
Flash-hook places the incoming call on hold and reconnects to outgoing
call. Hanging up will terminate both calls.
When connecting to a National ISDN 1 switch, call conferencing and call transferring are as-
signed a unique feature identifier number. This number may not be the same in all areas. The
Configuration/WAN/POTS menu contains the feature identifier numbers for conference and
transfer. If these features do not work, contact your ISDN provider. They can determine the
numbers for these features that can then be programmed into the Express 4100/4110.
Cu sto m e r Pre m ise s W irin g
Customer premises wiring requirements for the Express 4100/ 4110 vary
depending on the application and existing wiring. It may be simpler for
the ISDN provider to deliver another line to your location. This would
eliminate the need to modify existing wiring. Figures 2-1 and 2-2 illus-
trate two wiring scheme possibilities.
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Chapter 2. Installation
Express 4100/4110
Fig u re 2 -1 . W irin g Sch e m e 1 : Use e x istin g a n a lo g te le p h o n e e q u ip m e n t,
b u t re p la ce sin g le a n a lo g te le p h o n e se rvice w ith ISDN se rvice
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Chapter 2. Installation
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Chapter 3 Terminal Menu Operation and
Structure
TERMIN AL MEN U STRUCTURE
The Express 4100/ 4110 uses a multilevel menu structure containing both
menu items and data fields. All menu operations and data display in the
Default configuration. Connect any VT 100 or VT 220 type terminal emu-
lator to the maintenance port. The default rate is 9600 baud 8-N-1. The
terminal emulator can flow the Express 4100/ 4110 off using software
flow control. Hardware flow control is not used.
The opening menu (the Main menu, or top-level menu) is the access point
to all other operations. Each Main menu item has several functions and
submenus to identify and access specific parameters. “Top Level Termi-
nal Menu” on page 3-2 shows the top-level terminal menu. The Main
menu options are described below.
In order to edit items in the terminal menus, you must have the appropriate security level. Each
menu description in this section indicates the required security level required for write access.
The maintenance port is always at security level 0, giving full access to all configuration items.
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Right Pane - Lists available submenus. More sub-
menus available through this pane are indicated
by the [+] and [DATA] symbols.
Menu Path - Gives
current position in
terminal menu structure.
Left Pane - Lists
available menus.
Mode - Describes
current operating
mode.
Loop Status - Dis-
plays current status
of ISDN line.
Navigation Help - Displays list of
characters you can use to navigate
the terminal menus.
B-channel status - Displays
current status of each B
channel.
Fig u re 3 -1 . To p Le ve l Te rm in a l Me n u
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Co n fig u ra tio n
The Configuration menu provides options to set up the operational con-
figuration for the Express 4100/ 4110. See the section “Configuration
Menu” on page 3-8 for detailed information.
Dia l
The Dial menu is used to connect to different sites based on the Connec-
tion List. See the section “Dial Menu” on page 3-62 for more details.
Sta tu s
The Status menu provides options to review and monitor the status of the
Express 4100/ 4110 system. See the section “Status Menu” on page 3-64
for detailed information on the available options.
Te st
The Test menu can be used for performing diagnostic testing of the
Express 4100/ 4110. See the section “Test Menu” on page 3-73 for detailed
information on the tests available.
Lo g s
The Logs menu can be used for viewing the operational logs for the
Express 4100/ 4110. See the section “Logs Menu” on page 3-74 for
detailed information on the available options.
Utilitie s
The Utilities menu provides tools for system diagnostics and upgrading
the Express 4100/ 4110. See the section “Utilities Menu” on page 3-78 for
detailed information on the available options.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
The following sections provide information on how to navigate through
the terminal menus.
Ge n e ra l La y o u t
When you first start a terminal mode session, the window shown in “Top
Level Terminal Menu” on page 3-2 displays. The screen is divided into left
and right panes. The left pane shows the current list of submenus, while
the right pane shows the contents of a selected submenu.
Me n u Pa th
The top line of the display shows this session’s current position (path) in
the menu tree. Figure 3-1 shows the top menu level with the cursor on the
Configuration submenu, so the path display shows Express 4110/Config-
uration.
Mo vin g Aro u n d
Press Tab or the right arrow key to move the cursor from the left pane to
the right pane. Press Tab or the left arrow key to move the cursor from
the right pane back to the left pane. Use the up and down arrows to move
around within each pane. Press Enter to activate a menu. Press the left
arrow key or the Escape key to go back up the menu. The following
options display throughout the menus.
Su b m e n u s [+] o r [DATA]
Menus that display [+] or [DATA] indicate that more items are available
when selected.
Activa tio n Fie ld <+>
Menus that display <+> indicate that an action is to be taken, such as acti-
vating a test.
Ed ita b le Da ta Fie ld
A highlighted menu item indicates that you can enter data in that field.
Re a d -O n ly Fie ld
An underlined field is a display field that contains read-only information.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
N a vig a tio n w ith th e Ke y b o a rd
You can use different keystrokes to navigate through the terminal menu.
Press Control-Z to activate a pop-up screen with the available keystrokes.
The following section provides a list of the available keystrokes and the
results:
Ge n e ra l N a vig a tio n
H
J
Returns to the home screen.
Jumps between two menu items. Press J while on a menu item
of interest, and you will jump back to the main screen. Go to
another menu item of interest, Press J, and you will jump back
to the screen that was displayed the first time you pressed J.
Press J anytime you want to jump between these items.
Arrow Keys
Selects items and moves between the left and right panes. The
left arrow key allows you to go back up the menu.
Enter
Activates an item or moves into submenu.
Escape
Cancels an edit. Allows you to go back up the menu. Also will
dismiss the pop-up help screens.
Tab
Moves between the left and right panes.
Moves to the top of a screen.
Moves to the bottom of a screen.
Ascends one menu level.
A
Z
Backspace
Se ssio n Ma n a g e m e n t
Control-L
Control-S
Logs out of the session.
Invalidates the password entry and returns to the login screen.
The Password prompt will display.
Control-R
Refreshes the screen. To save time, only the portion of the
screen that has changed is refreshed. This option should be nec-
essary only if the display picks up incorrect characters.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Co n fig u ra tio n
F
Restores factory default settings. This setting restores the factory
defaults based on the location of the cursor. Entire submenus
can be factory defaulted.
C
Copies selected items to the clipboard. The amount of informa-
tion you can copy depends on the cursor location when you
press C. For example, if the cursor is over an editable field, only
that item is copied. If the cursor is over the index number of a
list, then all of the items in the row of the list are copied. For
example, if the cursor is over the N u m field in the Connection
List screen, all of the information associated with the Connec-
tion List entry is copied.
P
Pastes the item stored in the clipboard, if the information in
compatible. You must confirm all pastes except those to a single
editable field.
>
<
I
For certain types of fields, when you paste information into the
field, the value increments by 1.
For certain types of fields, when you paste information into the
field, the value decrements by 1.
Inserts a new item in a list. For example, add a new item to the
Connection List by pressing I while the cursor is over the index
number.
D
Deletes a list item. For example, delete an item from the Con-
nection List by pressing D while the index number is active.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Se cu rity Le ve ls
Each menu item on the configuration screens has an associated security
level. The security level ranges from 0 (highest security level) to 5 (lowest
security level). This level determines whether a Telnet session can access
that menu item. The Telnet session is assigned a security level set by the
user. Passwords can only be accessed as security level 0. The maintenance
port is always at security level 0.
The security levels are assigned as follows:
Level
0
1
2
Access all parameters including passwords
Access all parameters except passwords
Access all parameters except passwords and
authentication methods
3
Access all parameters except passwords,
authentication methods, and ISDN parameters
4
5
Access only test and status menus
Access status menus only
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
CO N FIGURATIO N MEN U
Co n fig u ra tio n / Sy ste m In fo
The System Info menu provides basic information about the unit and dis-
plays data fields for editing information. Figure 3-2 displays the sub-
menus available under this menu item.
Fig u re 3 -2 . Co n fig u ra tio n / Sy ste m In fo Scre e n
Sy ste m N a m e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the name of the Express 4100/
4110. This name can help distinguish between different installations. You
can enter up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including spaces
and special characters (such as an under bar). The system name is also
used for PPP authentication and IPX service name.
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Sy ste m Lo ca tio n
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the location of the Express
4100/ 4110. This helps to keep track of the physical location of the unit.
You can enter up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including
spaces and special characters (such as an under bar).
Sy ste m Co n ta ct
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the contact name. This field
can contain a name, phone number, or e-mail address of a person respon-
sible for the Express 4100/ 4110. You can enter up to 31 alpha-numeric
characters in this field, including spaces and special characters (such as
an under bar).
Firm w a re Re visio n
Read security: 5
Displays the current firmware revision level of the Express 4100/ 4110.
This field is a read-only field.
Sy ste m Up tim e
Read security: 5
Displays the length of time the Express 4100/ 4110 has been running since
power up or reset. This field is a read-only field.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Co n fig u ra tio n / WAN
The WAN menu is used to set up the ISDN parameters for the Express
4100/ 4110. Also, for the Express 4110, a POTS menu is provided. Figure
3-3 shows the WAN menu.
You can run the 4100/4110 with Frame Relay if you obtain the appropriate firm-
ware. See “Frame Relay Firmware Version” on page F-1 for information.
Fig u re 3 -3 . Co n fig u ra tio n / WAN Scre e n
WAN / ISDN
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Selects the mode the ISDN line is in. If connecting to the public network,
select Dial (def). If connecting to a leased wire for back-to-back opera-
tion, select Leased.
ISDN / Dia l Lin e
Dial Line parameters are entered under this menu.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Dia l Lin e / Ex p e rtISDN
The ExpertISDN option allows automatic determination of Service
Profile Identifier (SPID) 1 and SPID 2 with entry of the Local Direc-
tory Number(s) (LDN(s)) and area code. Enter the 7-digit LDN in
LDN 1 and LDN 2 (if a second number exists). The area code must
be entered. The message Auto Spid Success will appear in the Call
Log to indicate success in determining the SPID. See “Log Mes-
sages” on page B-1 for additional messages and their definitions.
Dia l Lin e / Sw itch Pro to co l
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Find out what kind of ISDN switch protocol the local CO is using
by asking the local telephone administrator or the telephone com-
pany representative. The Express 4100/ 4110 can be configured for
the following:
LUCEN T 5 ESS (def)
DMS-1 0 0
LUCENT 5ESS© Custom
Northern Telecom DMS-100™ Custom
N a tio n a l ISDN 1
National ISDN-1 (could be a NorTel,
LUCENT,or Siemens EWSD)
N EC
Nippon Electric Company Switch
Dia l Lin e / Are a Co d e
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Enter 3-digit area code when using ExpertISDN.
Dia l Lin e / SPID 1
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The SPID is a sequence of digits used to identify ISDN terminal
equipment to the ISDN switch. The SPID is assigned by the local
phone company when the ISDN line is installed and it usually
looks similar to the phone number. Obtain SPIDs from the tele-
phone administrator or local telephone representative.
The number of SPIDs required (0, 1, or 2) depends on how your
ISDN line is configured. For instance, a point-to-point line has no
SPID. Multipoint lines may have one or two SPIDs. The Express
4100/ 4110 uses the presence of SPID 1 to determine if the line is
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
multipoint. If the line has only one SPID, then it must be entered in
SPID 1.
SPID 1 =
SPID 2 =
0
0
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
0
0
National ISDN1 switches require the addition of a two-digit terminal identifier (TID) at the end
of the SPID.
Dia l Lin e / LDN 1 o r 2
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This option allows the entry of 0, 1, or 2 LDNs. The LDN is used
when placing or receiving calls. The LDN is the local phone number
assigned to the line.
LDN 1 =
LDN 2 =
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
2
1
2
3
5
2
1
Disconnect the network interface from the unit before initially entering or altering the SPIDs
and LDNs.
ISDN / Le a se d Lin e
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Leased Line parameters are entered under this menu. Leased mode
would be used for permanent circuits.
Le a se d Lin e / Clo ck Mo d e
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The clock mode determines which unit will supply the clock for
synchronization. If the two units are connected through channel
banks, both units should be configured for Slave mode. The L100T
only supports the slave mode.
Sla ve (d e f)
Timing is derived from the master unit.
Le a se d Lin e / Ch a n n e l Ra te
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
6 4 k
Only B1 is used.
2 x 6 4 k
1 2 8 k (def)
B1 and B2 go to different locations.
B1 and B2 are used together.
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ISDN / N EBEs
Read security: 5
This contains the number of Near-End-Block-Errors (NEBEs) that have
been detected by the Express 4100/ 4110’s ISDN circuitry. Continuous
errors can indicate a line problem, but a burst at one time is normal.
ISDN / FEBEs
Read security: 5
This contains the number of Far-End-Block-Errors (FEBEs) that have been
detected by the ISDN circuitry on the other end of the link. Continuous
errors can indicate a line problem, but a burst at one time is normal.
WAN / PO TS
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
POTS parameters are under this menu. They appear only under the
Express 4110 version.
PO TS/ PO TS Assig n m e n t
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The Express 4110 can assign the POTS interface either POTS1 to LDN 1
and POTS2 to LDN 2 (def), or POTS2 to LDN 1 and POTS1 to LDN 2 .
Once assigned, all incoming and outgoing calls on a particular port are
placed to/ from the assigned number.
PO TS/ N I-1 Co n fe re n ce FI
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
National ISDN Conference feature indication number is placed here.
Most COs use the default of 60.
PO TS/ N I-1 Tra n sfe r FI
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
National ISDN Transfer feature indication number is placed here. Most
COs use the default of 61.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
PO TS/ Sp e e ch Ca llty p e Ro u tin g
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This allows the Express 4110 to treat incoming calls as “data over speech”
when selected as LAN. Otherwise, when set to POTS (def), incoming
speech calls are sent to the POTS when the destination number is the
same as the POTS assignment.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Co n fig u ra tio n / IP
The IP menu is used to set up the IP parameters for the Express 4100/
4110. Any general IP-related configuration item is under this menu. Fig-
ure 3-4 shows the IP menu.
Fig u re 3 -4 . Co n fig u ra tio n / IP Scre e n
IP/ IP Ad d re ss
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IP address assigned to the Express 4100/ 4110’s Ethernet port is set
here. This address must be unique within the network. Factory default is
10.0.0.1.
IP/ Su b n e t Ma sk
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IP network mask to be applied to the Express 4100/ 4110’s Ethernet
port is set here. Factory default is 255.255.255.0.
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IP/ De fa u lt Ga te w a y
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The default gateway is used by the Express 4100/ 4110 for sending IP
packets whose destination address is not found in the route table. If this
address is all zeros, then the first WAN connection becomes the default
gateway. If the address entered is not on the Ethernet segment, then an
“idle route” entry is added to the route table.
IP/ Sta tic Ro u te s
Static Routes can be inserted under this menu.
Sta tic Ro u te s/ Active
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
Adds this static route entry to the IP routing table when set to Yes (def)
and removes it (if it was previously added) if set to No.
Sta tic Ro u te s/ IP Ad d re ss
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the host or network address of the network.
Sta tic Ro u te s/ Su b n e t Ma sk
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This mask determines the bits in the previous IP address that are used. If
this is to be a host route, it must be set to all ones (255.255.255.255).
Sta tic Ro u te s/ Ga te w a y
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the router to receive the forwarded IP packet.
Sta tic Ro u te s/ Ho p s
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the number of router hops required to get to the network or host.
Maximum distance is 15 hops.
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Sta tic Ro u te s/ Priva te
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
When set to No, the Express 4100/ 4110 will advertise this static route
using RIP. Otherwise, setting to Yes means that the route is kept private.
IP/ IP Ro u te r
The IP router is configured under this menu as follows.
IP Ro u te r/ Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will advertise
and listen to routes from other IP routers. If Off, the route table is still
used but only static routes are used for routing IP packets and only the
Ethernet port is used. IP packets can be sent over the WAN, but only
when bridged.
IP/ RIP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is supported by the Express
4100/ 4110. The following parameters are required for setting up the
mode on the Ethernet port:
RIP/ Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This option turns RIP On (def) or Off.
RIP/ Pro to co l
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Version can be V1 (def) or V2.
RIP/ Me th o d
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Sp lit Ho rizo n
Only routes not learned on the Ethernet
port are advertised.
Po iso n Re ve rse All routes are advertised, including
(def)
routes learned from the Ethernet port.
These routes are poisoned.
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N o n e
All routes are advertised, including
routes learned from the Ethernet port.
No attempt is made to poison these
routes.
RIP/ Dire ctio n
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Tx a n d Rx (def) RIP advertisements are transmitted and
listened to on the Ethernet port.
Tx o n ly
Rx o n ly
RIP advertisements are transmitted and
not listened to.
RIP advertisements are listened to but
not transmitted.
RIP/ V2 Se cre t
Write security: 0; Read security: 0
This is a text string used for authenticating advertised routes.
IP/ N AT
The Network Address Translation general parameters are set up under
this menu.
N AT/ DHCP Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On, the Express 4100/ 4110 acts as a DHCP
server and will dynamically assign IP, network mask, default gateway,
and DNS addresses to any device which transmits a broadcast DHCP
request. The addresses assigned are based on the Express 4100/ 4110’s
own IP address and will be within the same network. This mode is most
commonly used with the NAT functionality. The default is Off.
N AT/ DHCP Re n e w a l Tim e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of hours that the DHCP server should allow the device
before it is required to send a new DHCP request. The default is 15 hours,
and 0 represents an infinite lease.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
N AT/ We b Se rve r
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of a web server on the Ethernet network. When an
active NAT connection is made to the Internet, any HTTP, FTP, or Mail
server requests from the WAN are translated and sent to this web server.
IP/ DN S
The Domain Name Server parameters used by the Express 4100/ 4110 are
specified here. The DNS server addresses can be exchanged between PPP
peers. When a connection occurs and IPCP is negotiated, the Express
4100/ 4110 will get the DNS server addresses from the PPP peer. If the
configured DNS server addresses (Server 1 and Server 2) are all zeros,
the addresses from the PPP peer are used. In NAT mode, the PPP peer ’s
DNS addresses are always used. The DNSaddresses set in Server 1 and
Server 2 are offered to a PPP peer if so requested.
DN S/ Do m a in N a m e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is a text string used to represent the domain name used by the
Express 4100/ 4110.
DN S/ Se rve r 1
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address for the primary DNS device. It is the first server
that domain name requests are sent.
DN S/ Se rve r 2
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address for the secondary DNS device. It is used a back-up
in case the primary address does not respond to the request.
IP/ UDP Re la y
The Express 4100/ 4110 can be configured as a relay agent for UDP broad-
cast packets. Normally, a router will not forward UDP broadcast packets.
However, many network applications use UDP broadcasts to configure
addresses, host names, and other information. If hosts using these proto-
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
cols are not on the same network segment as the servers providing the
information, the client programs will not receive a response without
enabling the UDP relay agent.
UDP Re la y / Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will act as a
relay agent.
UDP Re la y / UDP Re la y List
Up to four relay destination servers can be specified in this list.
UDP Re la y List/ Re la y Ad d re ss
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the server that will receive the relay packet.
UDP Re la y List/ UDP Po rt Ty p e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Sta n d a rd The following standard UDP protocols are relayed
(def)
when set: DHCP, TFTP, DNS, NTP (Network Time Proto-
col, port 123). NBNS (NetBIOS Name Server, port
137), NBDG (NetBIOS Datagram, port 138), and
BootP.
Sp e cifie d
When set, the UDP port (1 to 65535) can be speci-
fied in the UDP Port columns. (up to a maximum of
three per server).
UDP Re la y List/ UDP Po rt 1 , UDP Po rt 2 , UDP Po rt 3
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, and UDP Port 3 are used for specifying
UDP ports to be relayed. These fields only apply when UDP Port
Type is set to Specified.
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IP/ Pro x y ARP
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This feature allows the network portion of a group of addresses to be
shared between several physical network segments. The ARP protocol
itself provides a way for devices to create a mapping between physical
(i.e., Ethernet) addresses and logical IP addresses. Proxy ARP makes use
of this mapping feature by instructing a router to answer ARP requests as
a “proxy” for the IP addresses behind one of its ports. The device which
sent the ARP request will then correctly assume that it can reach the
requested IP address by sending packets to the physical address that was
returned to it. This technique effectively hides the fact that a network has
been (further) subnetted. If this option is set to Yes (def), when an ARP
request is received on the Ethernet port the address is looked up in the IP
routing table. If the forwarding port is not on the Ethernet port and the
route is not the default route, the Express 4100/ 4110 will answer the
request with its own hardware address. If set to No, the Express 4100/
4110 will only respond to ARP requests received for its own IP address.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Co n fig u ra tio n / IPX
The IPX menu is used to set up the IPX parameters for the Express 4100/
4110. Any general IPX-related configuration item can be found under this
menu. Figure 3-5 shows the IPX menu.
Fig u re 3 -5 . Co n fig u ra tio n / IPX Scre e n
IPX/ Mo d e
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will route IPX.
Setting it to Off will disable all IPX functionality.
IPX/ N e tw o rk
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IPX network address for the Ethernet port is set here. This is an eight-
digit hexadecimal value that uniquely identifies the network segment of
the Ethernet port. Accidental selection of an IPX network which is
already in use on another network segment may cause hard-to-diagnose
problems. IPX network numbers should be carefully tracked.
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IPX/ Fra m e Ty p e
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 supports all four defined IPX frame types. The
possible frame types are: Ether Type II (def), Ether 802.3 (Raw), or Ether
SNAP (802.2 SNAP). Only one frame type can be used at one time.
IPX/ Se e d Sta tu s
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The seed status defines what the Express 4100/ 4110 is to do with the net-
work information on the selected frame type during startup. There are
three possible seeding selections specified:
Se e d
The Express 4100/ 4110 will listen for an IPX network number
being sent by another router (including Novell software routers
residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment connected to this
port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t discover a
number in use, the Express 4100/ 4110 will use the config-
ured IPX network number for the Ethernet segment.
N o n -Se e d The Express 4100/ 4110 will listen for an IPX network number
(def)
being sent by another router (including Novell software routers
residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment connected to this
port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t discover a
number in use, the Express 4100/ 4110 will wait indefinitely
until a number is sent by another router on the Ethernet seg-
ment.
Au to -
Se e d
The Express 4100/ 4110 will listen for an IPX network number
being sent by another router (including Novell software routers
residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment connected to this
port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t discover a
number in use, the Express 4100/ 4110 will auto-generate a
valid number using its routing tables.
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IPX/ RIP Tim e r
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value specifies how often the Express 4100/ 4110 sends out IPX RIP
packets on the network segment attached to the Ethernet port. The RIP
packets sent contain routing information about the networks for which
this Express 4100/ 4110 is responsible. The default value is 60 seconds.
IPX/ SAP Tim e r
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value specifies how often the Express 4100/ 4110 sends out IPX SAP
(Service Access Protocol) packets on the network segment attached to the
Ethernet port. The SAP packets sent contain information about the ser-
vices (such as servers, printers, etc.) for which this Express 4100/ 4110 is
responsible. The default value is 60 seconds.
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Co n fig u ra tio n / Brid g e
The Bridge menu is used to set up the bridge parameters for the Express
4100/ 4110. The bridging function runs at the Media Access Control
(MAC) level which allows any protocol packets that run over Ethernet to
be forwarded. Bridging can run concurrently with the IP and IPX rout-
ing. However, certain rules apply for when packets are bridged across a
WAN connection. When IP routing is active, IP packets (which include
ARP packets) are not bridged. When IPX routing is active, IPX packets
are not bridged. Also, the WAN IP Bridge and WAN IPX Bridge menus
allow the WAN connection to bridge packets to the Express 4100/ 4110
but get routed as soon as they arrive at the unit. Figure 3-6 shows the
Bridge menu.
Fig u re 3 -6 . Co n fig u ra tio n / Brid g e Scre e n
Brid g e / Mo d e
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 bridge func-
tion will be enabled. Setting it to Off will disable all bridge functionality.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Brid g e / WAN IP Brid g e
When IP routing is active, the Express 4100/ 4110 will allow another WAN
device to bridge IP packets to it using PPP BCP. Normally, two IP routers
would negotiate PPP IPCP to exchange IP packets. However, if a device
can only support PPP BCP, IP packets are encapsulated by the device as
bridge packets. The Express 4100/ 4110 can treat the WAN IP Bridge as a
virtual Ethernet port connected only to a WAN device which has negoti-
ated PPP BCP. This menu allows the IP parameters for this virtual Ether-
net to be set up.
WAN IP Brid g e / N e tw o rk
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the virtual Ethernet port.
WAN IP Brid g e / N e tm a sk
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the network mask to be applied to the virtual Ethernet port.
WAN IP Brid g e / Trig g e re d
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
changed. When set to No (def), updates are sent periodically. RIP ver-
sion, method, and direction are determined by the Ethernet parameters
set in the Configuration/IP/IP Router/RIP menu.
WAN IP Brid g e / Pro x y ARP
If this option is set to Yes (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will proxy ARP on
the bridge IP port. See the section “IP/ Proxy ARP” on page 3-21 for an
explanation of the proxy ARP function.
Brid g e / WAN IPX Brid g e
When IPX routing is active, the Express 4100/ 4110 will allow another
WAN device to bridge IPX packets to it using PPP BCP. Normally, two
IPX routers would negotiate PPP IPXCP to exchange IPX packets. How-
ever, if a device can only support PPP BCP, IPX packets are encapsulated
by the device as bridge packets. The Express 4100/ 4110 can treat the
WAN IPX Bridge as a virtual Ethernet port connected only to a WAN
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
device which has negotiated PPP BCP. This menu allows the IPX param-
eters for this virtual Ethernet to be setup.
WAN IPX Brid g e / N e tw o rk
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the network address of the virtual Ethernet port. See “IPX/ Net-
work” on page 3-22 for an explanation of the IPX network number.
WAN IPX Brid g e / Fra m e Ty p e
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the frame type used for the virtual Ethernet port. See “IPX/ Frame
Type” on page 3-23 for an explanation of the IPX frame type.
WAN IPX Brid g e / Se e d Sta tu s
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
WAN IPX Brid g e / Trig g e re d
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IPX RIP and SAP updates are sent when the rout-
ing or service table has changed. When set to No (def), updates are sent
at the same rate set for the Ethernet port (see “IPX/ RIP Timer” on page 3-
24 and “IPX/ SAP Timer” on page 3-24).
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Brid g e / Ad d re ss Ta b le
The Express 4100/ 4110 automatically maintains a table of MAC addresses
detected and associates those addresses with the LAN, WAN0, or WAN1
port from which they were received. This menu permits the user to adjust
the parameters or rules for the table as addresses are learned.
Ad d re ss Ta b le / Ag in g
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the maximum time an idle MAC address remains in the table
before being removed. The value is in minutes and can range from 0
(which means never age) to 65535. The default is 5.
Ad d re ss Ta b le / Fo rw a rd Po licy
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this parameter is set to Unknown (def), any bridge packet with a
destination MAC address that is not in the bridge table is forwarded to all
other ports. When set to Known, the packet with the unknown destina-
tion MAC address is dropped and is not forwarded.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu rity
The Security menu is used to set up the authentication parameters
needed to authenticate PPP connection over the ISDN B-channels. Also,
the filter defines are placed under this menu. Figure 3-7 shows the Secu-
rity menu.
Fig u re 3 -7 . Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu rity Scre e n
Se cu rity / Au th e n tica tio n
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The method used for authenticating the PPP peer is selected here. The
possible values are:
N o n e (def)
No attempt is made to authenticate the PPP peer.
Ra d iu s
The Express 4100/ 4110 will act as a RADIUS client and authen-
ticate the PPP peer using the RADIUS server. The Radius server
parameters must be set up properly for this to work.
Co n n e ctio n
List
The Connection List profile is used to authenticate the PPP peer.
See “Configuration/ Connection List” on page 3-36 for more information
on authenticating.
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Se cu rity / W h e n
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The Express 4100/ 4110 can be configured to authenticate the PPP peer
(using the above method) for incoming calls using Answer Only (def), or
for outgoing and incoming calls using Originate and Answer.
Se cu rity / Ra d iu s Se rve r
The parameters for the radius server are configured in this menu. The
RADIUS server can be used for authenticating a PPP peer (if defined
under Security/Authentication) and for Telnet server sessions.
Ra d iu s Se rve r/ Prim a ry Se rve r
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the IP address of the first RADIUS server that the Express 4100/
4110 should attempt to communicate with when authenticating a PPP
peer.
Ra d iu s Se rve r/ Se co n d a ry Se rve r
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the IP address of the back-up RADIUS server that the Express
4100/ 4110 should attempt to communicate with when the primary server
does not respond.
Ra d iu s Se rve r/ UDP Po rt
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the UDP port that the Express 4100/ 4110 should use when com-
municating with the RADIUS server. The default is 1645, which is the
commonly used port.
Ra d iu s Se rve r/ Se cre t
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
The RADIUS server and Express 4100/ 4110 share this text string, which is
used by the RADIUS server to authenticate the Express 4100/ 4110 that is
the RADIUS client. The factory default is to not use a secret.
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Ra d iu s Se rve r/ Re try Co u n t
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the number of times the Express 4100/ 4110 should send a request
packet to the RADIUS server without a response before giving up. If the
number of attempts to communicate with the primary server is equal to
the retry count, the secondary server (if defined) is tried. If the secondary
server does not respond within the retry count, the PPP peer (or Telnet
session) is not authenticated and is dropped. The default is 5.
Se cu rity / PPP
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The PPP peer can be authenticated using three standard methods: PAP
(Password Authentication Protocol), CHAP (Challenge Handshake Pro-
tocol) and EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). The strength of the
authentication is determined in the order EAP, CHAP, followed by PAP,
where EAP is the strongest and PAP is the weakest. PAP is a clear-text
protocol, which means it is sent over the PPP link in a readable format.
Care must be taken not to allow highly sensitive passwords to become
compromised using this method. CHAP and EAP use a one-way hashing
algorithm which makes it virtually impossible to determine the pass-
word. EAP has other capabilities which allow more flexibility than
CHAP.
The following selections are possible:
PAP, CHAP, o r EAP (def)
CHAP o r EAP
EAP
The Express 4100/ 4110 will ask for
EAP during the first PPP LCP negotiation
and allow the PPP peer to negotiate
down to CHAP or PAP.
The Express 4100/ 4110 will ask for
EAP during the first PPP LCP negotiation
and allow the PPP peer to negotiate
down to CHAP but not PAP.
The Express 4100/ 4110 will only
allow EAP to be negotiated. If the PPP
peer is not capable of doing EAP, then
the connection will not succeed.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Se cu rity / Filte r De fin e s
The Express 4100/ 4110 can filter packets based on certain parameters
within the packet. The method used by the Express 4100/ 4110 allows the
highest flexibility for defining filters and assigning them to a Connection
List profile. The filters are set up in two steps: (1) defining the packet
types, and (2) adding them to a list under the Connection List profile. See
the section “Connection List/ Filters” on page 3-53 for examples of how to
set up filter profiles. This menu is used to define the individual filter
defines based on packet type.
Filte r De fin e s / MAC Filte r De fin e s
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The MAC filter is applied to bridge packets only. Bridge packets which
are forwarded by the bridge functionality of the Express 4100/ 4110 are
defined here. Up to 32 MAC defines can be specified.
N a m e
Identifies the filter entry
Src Ad d r
48-bit MAC source address used for com-
parison. (hexadecimal format)
Src Ma sk
De st Ad d r
De st Ma sk
MAC Ty p e
Ty p e Msk
Bits in the MAC source address which are
compared. (hexadecimal format)
48-bit MAC destination address used for
comparison. (hexadecimal format)
Bits in the MAC destination address used
for comparison. (hexadecimal format)
16-bit MAC type field used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
Bits in the MAC type field used for compar-
ison. (hexadecimal format)
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Filte r De fin e s / Pa tte rn Filte r De fin e s
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The pattern filter is applied to bridge packets only. That is any packet
which is forwarded by the bridge functionality of the Express 4100/ 4110.
Up to 32 pattern defines can be specified.
N a m e
O ffse t
Identifies the filter entry
Offset from beginning of packet of
where to start the pattern comparison
Pa tte rn
Ma sk
64 bits used for comparison. (hexa-
decimal format)
Bits in the pattern to be compared.
(hexadecimal format)
Filte r De fin e s / IP Filte r De fin e s
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The IP filter defines apply to any IP packet, whether it is routed or
bridged. Up to 32 IP defines can be specified.
N a m e
IP Src
Identifies the filter entry
IP address compared to the source address.
(dotted decimal format)
Src Ma sk
IP De st
Bits which are used in the source comparison.
(dotted decimal format)
IP address compared to the destination address.
(dotted decimal format)
De st Ma sk
Src Po rt
Bits which are used in the destination compari-
son. (dotted decimal format)
IP source port number used for comparison
Range: 0 to 65535. (decimal format)
Src Po rt Cm p r
Type of comparison that is performed
= means ports equal to
n o t = means port not equal to
> means port greater than
< means port less than
N o n e means the source port is not compared
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Dst Po rt
IP destination port number used for comparison
Range: 0 to 65535. (decimal format)
Type of comparison that is performed
= means ports equal to
Dst Po rt Cm p r
n o t = means port not equal to
> means port greater than
<
means port less than
N o n e means the destination port is not com-
pared
Pro to
Protocol used for comparison. Range: 0 to
255. (decimal format)
Pro to Cm p r
Type of comparison that is performed
= means protocols equal to
n o t = means protocols not equal to
> means protocols greater than
<
means protocols less than
N o n e means the protocol is not compared
Ye s - only when TCP established
N o - only when TCP not established
Ig n o re - ignore TCP flags
TCP Est
Filte r De fin e s / IPX Filte r De fin e s
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The IPX filter defines apply to any IPX packet whether it is routed or
bridged. Also, any IPX encapsulation type will be accounted for. Up to 32
IPX defines can be specified.
N a m e
Identifies the filter entry (15 characters max)
32-bit source network address
Src Ne t
Src Ma sk
Bits in the source network address which are
compared. (hexadecimal format)
De st N e t
32-bit destination network address
De st Ma sk
Bits in the destination network address which
are compared. (hexadecimal format)
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Src So ck e t
16-bit value which is the source socket. Range is
0-65535.
Src So ck e t
Co m p
Type of comparison that is performed:
=
means socket equal to
N o t = means socket not equal to
>
<
means socket greater than
means socket less than
N o n e - no comparison is done on source
socket
De st So ck e t
16-bit value which is the destination socket.
Range is 0-65535.
De st So ck e t
Co m p
Type of comparison that is performed:
=
means socket equal to
N o t = means socket not equal to
>
<
means socket greater than
means socket less than
N o n e - no comparison is done on destination
socket
Ty p e
8-bit value which is the IPX type
Ty p e Co m p
Type of comparison that is performed:
=
means type equal to
N o t = means type not equal to
>
<
means type greater than
means type less than
N o n e - no comparison is done on IPX type
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Co n fig u ra tio n / Co n n e ctio n List
The Express 4100/ 4110 uses the Connection List to specify the profile each
user or group of users are to have when connected. Each profile or item in
the Connection List has many configurable parameters giving high flexi-
bility on a per user basis.
Up to 15 profiles can be defined in the Connection List. Calls cannot be
originated or answered unless a Connection List profile is defined. The
Express 4100/ 4110 factory defaults with one profile called DEFAULT.
This profile is used for any incoming calls when Configuration/Security/
Authentication = None or when the username of the connecting PPP peer
is not found in the Connection List.
To insert a new profile, press the I key when over the Num column. A new
inserted profile will always be set up with the default parameters. To copy param-
eters from an old profile to this newly inserted profile, use the copy (C) and paste
(P) keys. Entire configuration trees can be copied with this method.
Figure 3-8 shows the Connection List screen.
Fig u re 3 -8 . Co n fig u ra tio n / Co n n e ctio n List Scre e n
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Co n n e ctio n List/ De scrip tio n
Write security: 3; Read security: 4
The description is a text string that identifies the profile.
Co n n e ctio n List/ Active
Write security: 3; Read security: 4
When set to Yes (def), this profile is used for authentication and user
association of incoming calls. Setting to No is the same as deleting the
item but allows the information of the profile to be saved.
To delete an unused profile, use the D key when the cursor is over the
number in the Num column. Once deleted, the profile is gone perma-
nently as soon as the Connection List is saved. Items may be deleted
when DEL appears below the status bar.
Co n n e ctio n List/ Au th e n tica tio n
The authentication menu contains the required parameters for the
authentication of the PPP peer and for being authenticated by the PPP
peer.
Authentication is applied between the Express 4100/ 4110 and the PPP
peer as follows:
1. The Express 4100/ 4110 as the authenticator:
•
When answering an incoming call:
•
Express 4100/ 4110 uses PPP method configured in Configura-
tion/Security/PPP.
•
Authenticatee’s username is looked up in all active Connection
List profiles (Rx Username).
•
•
If found, the Rx Password is used for authenticating.
If not found, DEFAULT entry’s Rx Password is used if Rx User-
name is blank.
When answering a call, the Express 4100/4110 does not know who the PPP peer is until the
authentication phase is completed. Two PPP protocols (EAP and CHAP) require the authenti-
cator to transmit a username which the authenticatee uses to cross reference the password to
use. Since the PPP peer is unknown before the authentication phase is over, the Express 4100/
4110 uses the Tx Username in the DEFAULT profile to identify itself. If Tx Username is
blank, Configuration/System Info/System Name is used. If that is blank, then the word
“ADTRAN” is used.
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•
•
When originating an outgoing call:
•
Express 4100/ 4110 uses PPP method configured in Configura-
tion/Security/PPP.
•
Authenticatee’s username is compared to profile used to dial.
Authenticating with RADIUS:
•
•
•
When Configuration/Security/Authentication is set to Radius,
authentication is performed by the RADIUS server.
The Express 4100/ 4110 uses the DEFAULT Connection List pro-
file for all other parameters not supported by RADIUS attributes.
RADIUS attributes currently supported are: framed ip, framed
netmask, framed ipx network, framed routing, framed compres-
sion, and idle timeout.
2. The Express 4100/ 4110 as the authenticatee:
• When answering an incoming call:
•
If the Configuration/Security/Authentication parameter is set to
None, the DEFAULT profile’s Tx Username and Tx Password are
used by the Express 4100/ 4110 for authenticating itself.
•
If the Configuration/Security/Authentication parameter is set to
Connection List or RADIUS, the Express 4100/ 4110 will wait
until the PPP peer is authenticated before authenticating itself
(except when CHAP or EAP is used). If CHAP or EAP is used, the
username transmitted by the PPP peer ’s authentication challenge
packet is looked up in the Connection List. If found, the Express
4100/ 4110 responds with the profile’s Tx Username and Tx Pass-
word parameters. If not found, the DEFAULT profile’s Tx User-
name and Tx Password parameters are used.
•
When originating an outgoing call:
•
The dial-out profile Tx Username and Tx Password are used
regardless of the PPP peer’s username received if CHAP or EAP
is used.
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Au th e n tica tio n / Tx Me th o d
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
This parameter specifies how the Express 4100/ 4110 is to be authenti-
cated by the PPP peer. There are four possible selections. See “Security/
PPP” on page 3-31 for an explanation of the three PPP standard authenti-
cation types.
N o n e (def)
The connection will not allow the PPP peer to
authenticate it.
PAP, CHAP o r
EAP
The connection can be authenticated using PAP,
CHAP or EAP.
CHAP o r EAP
The connection can be authenticated using CHAP
or EAP only.
EAP
The connection will only allow authentication by the
peer using EAP.
Au th e n tica tio n / Tx Use rn a m e
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the username that is used when being authenticated by the PPP
peer.
Au th e n tica tio n / Tx Pa ssw o rd
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the password or secret that is used when being authenticated by
the PPP peer.
Au th e n tica tio n / Rx Use rn a m e
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the username that is used to match the user to the Connection List
profile. During an incoming call, the Express 4100/ 4110 will scan all
active connection profiles and match the received PPP peer ’s username.
If the name is not found, then the DEFAULT profile is used, if and only if
the DEFAULT profile has nothing in the Rx Username parameter. During
an outgoing call, this username does not have to match the username
reported by the PPP peer.
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Au th e n tica tio n / Rx Pa ssw o rd
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the password or secret that is used to authenticate the PPP peer.
This is only necessary when Configuration/Security/Authentication =
Connection List.
Authentication/ Caller ID
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
Incoming calls can be verified using the ISDN supplied caller identifier
when this is set to Yes. When set to No (def), the caller identifier is not
checked.
Au th e n tica tio n / Ca ll ID 1
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this
number, starting from the right digits.
Au th e n tica tio n / Ca ll ID 2
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this
number, starting from the right digits.
Co n n e ctio n List/ IP
The IP menu contains the parameters for exchanging IP data with the PPP
peer. Static routes can also be created from here for IP dial-on-demand
applications.
IP/ Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Setting to On (def) will permit this connection profile to negotiate PPP
IPCP with the PPP peer for exchanging of IP packets.
IP/ N AT
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 can perform Network Address Translation. This
feature is most widely used when connecting to the Internet. The Ether-
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net network can consist of private network numbers. When this profile is
connected, all IP addresses on the Ethernet side are translated into the
one real IP address negotiated with the PPP peer (ISP). Multiple stations
on the Ethernet side can access the Internet simultaneously. See the sec-
tion “IP/ NAT” on page 3-18 for more global options. Setting this option
to On will cause the Express 4100/ 4110 to perform NAT. In the Off (def)
position, the unit will route across the connection normally.
IP/ Ro u te
The IP parameters are configured in this menu. Adjusting these parame-
ters is only necessary for certain dial-on-demand applications. Usually the
Express 4100/ 4110 will automatically discover the PPP peer’s networks using PPP
IPCP and/ or RIP.
Ro u te / IP/ N e t
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The PPP peer’s IP address or network can be set here, if known.
Leaving this at 0.0.0.0 means that the Express 4100/ 4110 will deter-
mine the PPP peer’s IP and network using the PPP IPCP.
Ro u te / N e tm a sk
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This network mask is applied to the IP/NET address for determin-
ing the PPP peer’s network. If left as 0.0.0.0, a standard network
mask is used.
Ro u te / Sta tic Ro u te
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will add the network
defined above as an idle route in the IP routing table. When an IP
packet is routed to this idle route, the Express 4100/ 4110 will dial
using this profile. When set to No, an idle route is not placed in the
table. This is necessary for dial-on-demand applications and if the
probe feature is not used.
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Ro u te / Priva te
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express 4100/ 4110 will not advertise this static
route entry. A setting of No (def) means any static route added for
this profile is advertised using RIP.
Ro u te / Ho p s
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the metric or number of hops that RIP will use in
advertising the static route. The range is 1 to 16 where 1 is the
default. The value 16 is considered an infinite distance in RIP and
is, in effect, poisoning the route.
Ro u te / Fo rce IP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express 4100/ 4110 will force the PPP peer to
use the IP address in the IP/Net for this profile as its WAN IP
address. Normally this is set in the No (def) position.
IP/ RIP
The RIP parameters can be adjusted from their defaults under this menu.
The RIP parameters for all WAN connections are set on a per-session
basis.
RIP/ Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 will perform RIP over the WAN connection
when this is set to On (def).
RIP/ Pro to co l
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 can perform version 1, V1 (def), or version 2,
V2, of RIP on this WAN connection.
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RIP/ Me th o d
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Sp lit Ho rizo n Only routes not learned on the WAN
connection are advertised.
Po iso n Re ve rse (def) All routes are advertised, including
routes learned from the WAN connec-
tion. These routes are poisoned.
N o n e
All routes are advertised, including
routes learned from the WAN connec-
tion. No attempt is made to poison
these routes.
RIP/ Dire ctio n
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Tx a n d Rx (def)
RIP advertisements are transmitted and
listened to on the WAN connection.
Tx o n ly
RIP advertisements are transmitted and
not listened to.
Rx o n ly
RIP advertisements are listened to but
not transmitted.
RIP/ Trig g e re d
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IP RIP updates are sent when the routing
table has changed and learned routes are not “aged.” When set to
No (def), updates are sent periodically.
RIP/ Re ta in
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
is set to Yes, all routes learned from this WAN connection are
retained and their routing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-
on-demand to occur using this profile for any IP network that
might have been advertised by the particular PPP peer. The idle
routes can be flushed or “zombied” from the routing table if a man-
ual hangup is performed when this WAN connection is not active.
See “Dial/ Hang Up” on page 3-63. When this Connection List entry
is disconnected and this parameter is set to No (def), routes learned
from this session are “zombied” and are not retained.
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Co n n e ctio n List/ IPX
The IPX menu contains the parameters for exchanging IPX data with the
PPP peer.
IPX/ Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Setting to On (def) will permit this connection profile to negotiate PPP
IPXCP with the PPP peer for exchanging of IPX packets.
IPX/ Re m o te N e tw o rk
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
A non-zero value in this remote network number will allow the Express
4100/ 4110 to add a route to the PPP peer ’s network to the routing table.
The Express 4100/ 4110 normally will treat the WAN network as an
unnumbered link. This is usually referred to as being a “half-router.”
However, a PPP peer which wants to assign a network address to the
WAN link can do so, in which case the Express 4100/ 4110 will go into
“full-router” mode.
IPX/ Trig g e re d
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IPX RIP and SAP updates are sent when the routing
or service table has changed and learned routes are not “aged.” When set
to No (def), updates are sent periodically based on the RIP and SAP tim-
ers set in Configuration/IPX/RIP Timer and Configuration/IPX/SAP
Timer.
IPX/ Re ta in
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set
to Yes, all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their
routing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur
using this profile for any IPX network or service that might have been
advertised by the particular PPP peer. The idle routes can be flushed or
“zombied” from the routing table if a manual hangup is performed when
this WAN connection is not active. See Dial /Hang up. When this Con-
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
nection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to No (def),
IPX routes and services learned from this session are “zombied” and are
not retained.
IPX/ Ty p e 2 0 Pa ck e ts
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
In order for certain protocol implementations, like NetBIOS, to function
in the NetWare environment, routes must allow a broadcast packet to be
propagated throughout the IPX networks. The Type 20 IPX packet is
used specifically for this purpose. This causes special handling of this
packet by the Express 4100/ 4110. When a router receives this type of
packet, it rebroadcasts it across all interfaces except the one it is received
on and includes the network number of that interface in the data portion
of the packet. The IPX Router Specification from Novell notes that Type
20 packets should not be propagated across slower links with band-
widths of less than 1Mbps (like ISDN). However, when set to Pass (def),
the Express 4100/ 4110 will allow these packets to propagate over the
WAN connection. This facilitates dial-on-demand applications. When
set to Block, all Type 20 packets are not propagated across the WAN con-
nection.
Co n n e ctio n List/ Brid g e
The Bridge menu contains the parameters needed for exchanging
bridged packets with the PPP peer.
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to On (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will attempt to negotiate
PPP BCP with the PPP peer. Bridging can be used even in route mode
only if the PPP peer cannot support certain PPP protocols for that partic-
ular routing protocol. See “Bridge/ WAN IP Bridge” on page 3-26 and
“Bridge/ WAN IPX Bridge” on page 3-26 for further details.
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Co n n e ctio n List/ Pro b e
The Probe feature on the Express 4100/ 4110 is mainly used for allowing a
network to have multiple virtual network connections to many destina-
tions using the single ISDN link. The Express 4100/ 4110 can periodically
obtain routing information from various locations and retain this in the
routing tables, thereby permitting the LAN connection to be aware of the
networks at this location. Probe helps keep route tables updated. When a
service or network connection is required, the Express 4100/ 4110 can
demand dial that location. This can be beneficial for remote IPX worksta-
tions that cannot boot up properly without knowing the IPX services that
would be in the Express 4100/ 4110’s SAP table.
Pro b e / Active
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express 4100/ 4110 will periodically dial this profiles
dial-out number to get routing and service table updates. The default is
No.
Pro b e / In te rva l
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time the Express 4100/ 4110 waits between probes. The value is
in minutes and ranges from 1 to 240. The default is 15 minutes.
Pro b e / Up d a te W in d o w
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time the Express 4100/ 4110 stays connected during a probe.
Normally route and service tables are exchanged immediately after con-
nection. However, some routers could wait until their regular RIP or SAP
time period has been reached before they advertise their routes or services
to the Express 4100/ 4110. The value is in seconds and ranges from 5 to
180. The default is 5 seconds and assumes that a routing update is
received upon connection.
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Co n n e ctio n List/ PPP
The Express 4100/ 4110 supports the IETF standards for the Point-to-
Point Protocol. The PPP state machine running in the Express 4100/ 4110
can be fine-tuned to support many applications that can be employed.
The configurable items under this menu can be changed from their
default values for special cases.
PPP/ Mu ltilin k
Multilink PPP allows the two B-channels to be used together for
increased bandwidth.
Mu ltilin k / Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to On (def), Multilink PPP is negotiated with
the PPP peer. When Off, the Express 4100/ 4110 will only allow one
B-channel for this connection.
Mu ltilin k / Fra g m e n t
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to Yes (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will split
outgoing packets greater than 128 bytes into two Multilink frag-
ments and simultaneously transmit them one per B-channel. The
receiving PPP peer will then reassemble them. This decreases the
transport delay. However, some legacy equipment might have
trouble handling fragmented packets, in which case this option
should be set to No.
Mu ltilin k / BACP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) and Band-
width Allocation Protocol (BAP) are used to enhance Multilink PPP.
Together, they allow phone numbers to be exchanged when more
bandwidth is needed and member links to be dropped when band-
width is to be decreased. When this item is set to On, BACP is
negotiated with the PPP peer. When Off, the Express 4100/ 4110
will not run BACP/ BAP but dynamic bandwidth can still be oper-
ated.
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Certain rules for bandwidth-on-demand apply, depending on
whether BACP is negotiated. If BACP is not negotiated, the origina-
tor of the call will perform the dynamic bandwidth adjustments on
its own. If BACP is negotiated, the decisions are made on either side
but the call is always from the originator.
PPP/ Co m p re ssio n
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 uses LZS technology from hi/ fnTM (formerly
®
known as STAC) for data compression. The Ascend Communications
version of this compression is also supported. The Express 4100/ 4110 will
automatically select the type of compression. Compression is negotiated
when this item is set to STAC (def). No compression will be attempted
when set to None.
PPP/ VJ Co m p re ssio n
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to On, the Express 4100/ 4110 will perform TCP/ IP
header compression known as Van Jacobson compression to the PPP peer.
Normally, this is not necessary over ISDN connections and can be set to
Off (def) to disable it.
PPP/ Ma x Co n fig
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of unanswered configuration-requests that
should be transmitted before giving up on a call. The possible values are
5, 10 (def), 15 and 20.
PPP/ Ma x Tim e r
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of seconds to wait between unanswered configu-
ration-requests. The possible values are 1 sec, 2 secs (def), 3 secs, 5 secs
and 10 secs.
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PPP/ Ma x Fa ilu re
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Due to the nature of PPP, configuration options may not be agreed upon
between two PPP peers. This value is the number of configuration-naks
that should occur before an option is configuration-rejected. This allows
a connection to succeed that might otherwise fail. The possible values are
5 (def), 10, 15 and 20.
Co n n e ctio n List/ Dia l O u t
The dialing parameters for establishing this connection are defined under
this menu.
Dia l O u t/ N u m b e r 1
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the first number used for dialing up this connection.
Dia l O u t/ N u m b e r 2
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the second number used for dialing a second B-channel when
adding bandwidth. If BACP/ BAP is negotiated, this number is not nec-
essary. If this number is not specified and BACP/ BAP is not used, the
Number 1 number is re-dialed when adding bandwidth.
Dia l O u t/ Ca ll Ty p e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The call type can be configured in four different ways:
Sp e e ch
Speech directs the call control software to request a
Mu-law encoded speech circuit as the bearer capabil-
ity for the outgoing calls. The speech option is used
with an ISDN line configured for voice service. In
some areas, voice service costs less than data ser-
vices. A speech call type does not always guarantee
an end-to-end digital connection with some local and
long distance carriers.
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Au d io
Audio directs the call control software to request a
3.1 kHz audio circuit as the bearer capability for the
outgoing calls. The audio option is used with an ISDN
line configured for voice service. In some areas,
audio service costs less than data services. An audio
call type does guarantee a digital end-to-end digital
connection.
5 6 K
56K directs the call control software to request a 64
kbps data circuit that is rate-adapted to 56 kbps.
Data 56 kbps is intended for use in circumstances
where interoperability with Switched 56 service is
desired.
6 4 K (def)
The default call type for ISDN service is Data 64 kbps.
This directs the call control software to request an
unrestricted 64 kbps circuit.
Dia l O u t/ Re d ia l a t 5 6 K
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Selecting Yes (def) causes the Express 4100/ 4110 to re-dial a call at the 56K
call type if a 64K call type was unsuccessful. This will not occur if set to
No or if the original call type was other than 64K.
Dia l O u t/ De la y
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of seconds between unsuccessful call attempts made
during dial-on-demand or during dynamic bandwidth. The range is
between 0 and 255, with a default of 15 seconds.
Dia l O u t/ Co n n e ctio n Tim e o u t
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the amount of time the Express 4100/ 4110 waits for a call to be
answered before giving up the attempt. Possible values are 15 secs (def),
30 secs, 1 min, 2 mins and 4 mins.
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Dia l O u t/ Atte m p ts
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of attempts the Express 4100/ 4110 will make
before giving up on the connection. This is effective for manual dialing or
dynamic bandwidth calls only. The range is from 1 (def) to 255.
Dia l O u t/ In itia l Ch a n n e ls
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of B-channels to dial-up on the initial connection.
Possible choices are 1 (def) and 2.
Co n n e ctio n List/ Ba n d w id th
The bandwidth parameters that govern this connection are set here.
Ba n d w id th / O n De m a n d
The parameters under this menu control the data rates required to
change bandwidth.
Ba n d w id th / Mo d e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On, the Express 4100/ 4110 will apply its
bandwidth-on-demand features for this Connection List profile. If
set to Off, none are performed.
Ba n d w id th / Id le Tim e o u t
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of seconds the ISDN line must be idle before
hanging up this connection. A value of 0 (def) means the Express
4100/ 4110 will never drop the link based on the idle timer. The
range is 0 to 255.
Ba n d w id th / Pre e m p t Tim e
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Occasionally an application will require to connect to a different
location before the current connection’s idle timer has timed out.
This causes the application to have to wait for idle timer before it
can use the B-channel. This preempt time allows the Connection
List that is active to be dropped sooner than the normal idle time.
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The value ranges from 0 to 255 and is in seconds. When bandwidth
is needed for another application, the idle timer is compared to this
preempt time. If the idle timer is greater, the connection is pre-
empted. If set to 255 (def), the connection is never preempted. If set
to 0, the connection is disconnected immediately when another
application is requested.
Ba n d w id th / Up p e r Th re sh o ld
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the percentage of bandwidth that must be at least present on
one B-channel before a second B-channel is added. The range is 0 to
100 and is in percentages. The default is 80%, which is equivalent to
51.2 kbps. See the section Bandwidth/Samples (below) for more infor-
mation on how the bandwidth rate is calculated.
Ba n d w id th / Lo w e r Th re sh o ld
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the percentage of maximum bandwidth the bit rate must go
below on two B-channels before one is dropped. The range is 0 to
100 and is in percentages. The default is 30%, which is equivalent to
38.4 kbps. See the section Bandwidth/Samples (below) for more infor-
mation on how the bandwidth rate is calculated.
Ba n d w id th / Min Ch a n n e ls
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This represents the minimum number of B-channels that must be up
for this Connection List profile. This value ranges from 0 to 2. The
default is 0.
Ba n d w id th / Ma x Ch a n n e ls
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This represents the maximum number of B-channels this Connec-
tion List profile can have. The allowed values are 1 and 2. The
default is 2. A value of 1 means that no extra bandwidth can be
obtained for this connection.
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Ba n d w id th / Sa m p le s
The parameters under this menu control the rate at which the Express
4100/ 4110 samples the bandwidth on the B-channel(s).
Sa m p le s/ Sa m p le Ra te
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time between samples used for calculating data rates on
the ISDN call. The value is in seconds and ranges from 1 to 255.
The default is 5 seconds.
Sa m p le s/ Sa m p le s
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of WAN data rate samples taken before a deci-
sion to change bandwidth is performed. The range is 1 (def) to 255
samples.
Sa m p le s/ Tim e Be tw e e n Ch a n g e s
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the minimum time between bandwidth changes for
this Connection List profile. The range is 0 to 255 seconds. The
default is 60 seconds.
Co n n e ctio n List/ Filte rs
The Express 4100/ 4110 can block packets in and out of a WAN port by
use of the filters. These filters are set up on a per-Connection List profile
basis. They are set up in two steps: 1) define the types of packets that
would be of interest in the Configuration/Security/Filter Defines menu,
and 2) set up the filter type and combination of defines that will cause a
packet block.
Filte rs/ WAN -to -LAN (In )
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which come into the Express 4100/ 4110 can be filtered in
three ways:
Disa b le d (def)
Turns off packet input filtering. No incoming
packets are blocked.
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Blo ck All
All incoming packets from the WAN are
blocked except as defined in the Filte rs/ In
Ex ce p tio n s list.
Fo rw a rd All
All incoming packets from the WAN are not
blocked except as defined in the Filte rs/ In
Ex ce p tio n s list.
Filte rs/ In Ex ce p tio n s
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries which can be combined using the
operations field. The operations are performed in the order they appear
on the list.
Active
Ty p e
Turns this entry active when set to O n .
Selects the filter define list to reference:
MAC
from the Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu rity/
Filte r De fin e s/ MAC Filte r
De fin e s list.
Pa tte rn
IP
from the Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu rity/
Filte r De fin e s/ Pa tte rn Filte r
De fin e s list.
from the Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu rity/
Filte r De fin e s/ IP Filte r De fin e s
list.
IPX
from the Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu rity/
Filte r De fin e s/ IPX Filte r De fin e s
list.
Filte r List N a m e
N e x t O p e r
Selects between filters defined in the
list.
The next operation to use to combine
with the next filter in the list:
EN D
the last filter to combination.
AN D
logically AND this filter with the next
filter in the list.
O R
logically OR this filter with the next
filter in the list.
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Filte rs/ LAN -to -WAN (O u t)
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which come out toward the WAN from the Express 4100/
4110 can be filtered in three ways:
Disa b le d (def)
Turns off packet output filtering. No outgoing
packets are blocked.
Blo ck All
All outgoing packets to the WAN are blocked
except as defined in the Filte rs/ O u t Ex ce p -
tio n s list.
Fo rw a rd All
All outgoing packets to the WAN are not blocked
except as defined in the Filte rs/ O u t Ex ce p -
tio n s list.
Filte rs/ O u t Ex ce p tio n s
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the
Filter/In Exceptions list.
Filte rs/ De m a n d Dia l
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The demand dial filters have two purposes: 1) cause the Express 4100/
4110 in Bridge mode to dial this Connection List profile, and 2) determine
which traffic will cause the idle timer to be reset, keeping the connection
active. The latter is used in Bridge or IP/ IPX Router mode. The idle
timer is a timer in the Express 4100/ 4110 which continually increments
until it reaches the idle time-out parameters value set in the Connection
List, at which point the connection is hung-up.
When this filter is enabled, direct control can be placed over which pack-
ets are considered as demand and which are ignored. Packets that are
ignored cause a connection not to be dialed and do not reset the idle
timer of an active connection. This is especially helpful for bridged con-
nections since bridges cannot easily distinguish true demand traffic from
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
overhead traffic like certain broadcast and multicast packets. There are
three possible selections for this parameter:
Disa b le d (def)
Turns off demand dial filtering. No packets
cause demand dialing for this profile and all
outgoing and incoming packets reset the idle
timer.
Ig n o re All
When connected in any mode (Bridge, IP
Router, or IPX router), the idle timer is reset
only when there is a match in the Filte rs/
De m Dia l Ex ce p tio n s list. When not con-
nected in Bridge mode only, causes the
Express 4100/ 4110 to dial using this Con-
nection List profile if there is a match in the
Filte rs/ De m Dia l Ex ce p tio n s.
De m a n d All
When connected in any mode (Bridge, IP
Router, or IPX router), the idle timer is always
reset except when there is a match in the Fil-
te rs/ De m Dia l Ex ce p tio n s list. When not
connected in Bridge mode only, causes the
Express 4100/ 4110 to dial using this Con-
nection List profile if there is NOT a match in
the Filte rs/ De m Dia l Ex ce p tio n s list.
Filte rs/ De m Dia l Ex ce p tio n s
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the
Filter/In Exceptions list.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Co n fig u ra tio n / Ma n a g e m e n t
The Express 4100/ 4110 can be managed using Telnet, Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP), or the maintenance port. SNMP support
is limited to MIB definitions. See “SNMP” on page C-1 for a description
of the MIBs supported by the Express 4100/ 4110. Each of the three meth-
ods can be protected using authentication. Figure 3-9 shows the Configu-
ration/ Management menu.
Fig u re 3 -9 . Co n fig u ra tio n / Ma n a g e m e n t Scre e n
Ma n a g e m e n t/ Te ln e t/ We b
Any telnet client application can bring up a session to the Express 4100/
4110’s Telnet server using the standard telnet TCP port. Only one session
is supported at a time. All sessions require a user name and password.
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Te ln e t/ Se rve r Acce ss
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This option must be set to On (def) to access the Express 4100/ 4110 via
Telnet. Turning it Off means that access is denied.
Te ln e t/ Use r List
Up to four users can be configured for access to the Express 4100/ 4110.
Each user can be assigned a privilege and time out.
Use r List/ N a m e
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
A text string of the user name for this session.
Use r List/ Au th e n Me th o d
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The user can be authenticated in two ways:
Pa ssw o rd
The Password field is used to authenticate the
user.
Ra d iu s
The Radius client is used for authenticating
the user.
Use r List/ Pa ssw o rd
Write security: 0; Read security: 3
When the authenticating method is password, this text string is
used for the password.
Use r List/ Id le Tim e
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
When set to non-zero, the session is automatically logged out when
no activity occurs for this amount of time. The range is 0 to 255 and
is in minutes. The default is 10 minutes, and a setting of 0 will never
time out the session. When a timeout occurs during an edit session,
all changes are saved.
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Use r List/ Le ve l
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
“Security Levels” on page 3-7 for an explanation of what those lev-
els imply. Level 0 is the default.
Ma n a g e m e n t/ SN MP
The Express 4100/ 4110 is an SNMP agent. It can respond to Get-Requests
and generate traps. These two lists set up the manager, communities, and
levels. See “SNMP” on page C-1 for more information on SNMP.
SN MP Acce ss
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to No, SNMP access is denied. When set to On (def), the
Express 4100/ 4110 will respond to SNMP managers based on the follow-
ing lists.
SN MP/ Co m m u n itie s
This list is used to set up to eight SNMP communities names that the
Express 4100/ 4110 will allow. Factory default sets the community “pub-
lic” with “Get” privileges.
Co m m u n itie s/ N a m e
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is a text string for the community name.
Co m m u n itie s/ Privile g e
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The access for this manager can be assigned three levels.
N o n e
No access is allowed for this community
or manager.
Ge t
Manager can only read items.
Ge t/ Se t
Manager can read and set items.
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Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the IP address of SNMP manager. If set to 0.0.0.0, any SNMP
manager can access the Express 4100/ 4110 for this community.
SN MP/ Tra p s
The Express 4100/ 4110 can generate SNMP traps. See “SNMP” on page C-
1 for trap types supported. This list allows up to four managers to be
listed to receive traps.
Tra p s/ Ma n a g e r N a m e
Write security: 2; Read security: 4
This is the text string describing the name of the entry. It is intended
for easy reference and has no bearing on the SNMP trap function.
Tra p s/ Ma n a g e r IP
Write security: 2; Read security: 4
This is the IP address of the manager that is to receive the traps.
Ma n a g e m e n t/ Ma in t Po rt
The Express 4100/ 4110 has an EIA-232 connector on the back of the unit.
The setup for that port is under this menu.
Ma in t Po rt/ Pa ssw o rd Pro te ct
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
When set to No, the maintenance port is not password protected. When
On (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will prompt for a password upon startup.
Ma in t Po rt/ Pa ssw o rd
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the text string that is used for comparison when password protect-
ing the maintenance port. By default, no password is entered.
The security level for the maintenance port is always set to 0. This gives full access to all menus.
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Ma in t Po rt/ Ba u d Ra te
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous rate that the maintenance port will run. The
possible values are 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (def), 19200, 38400, 115200.
Ma in t Po rt/ Da ta Bits
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous bit rate that the maintenance port will run. The
possible values are 7 or 8 (def) bits.
Ma in t Po rt/ Pa rity
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous parity that the maintenance port will run. The
possible values are None (def), Odd, or Even.
Ma in t Po rt/ Sto p Bits
This is the stop bit used for the maintenance port. The possible values are
1 (def), 1.5 or 2.
Co n fig u ra tio n / Te rm in a l Mo d e
This is an activator which places the Express 4100/ 4110 terminal session
into a command prompt mode. All menu options are accessible during
this mode. See “Terminal Mode Commands” on page E-1 for the com-
mand structure and command list. Type exit to leave the terminal mode
and return to the menus.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
DIAL MEN U
The Dial menu is used for dialing the Connection List profile setup under
Configuration/Connection List and for checking the status of each Con-
nection List. This list is in the same order as the Connection List entries.
Figure 3-10 shows the Dial menu.
Fig u re 3 -1 0 . Dia l Scre e n
Dia l/ De scrip tio n
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the name entered for the profile under Configura-
tion/Connection List/Description .
Dia l/ Dia l
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is an activator used for dialing the phone numbers in the profile.
Place the cursor over the field and press Enter to activate the dialing func-
tion.
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Dia l/ Ha n g Up
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is an activator used for hanging up a Connection List entry. It also
removes retained routes from the IP and IPX routing tables when the call
is not connected. Place the cursor over the field and press Enter to acti-
vate the hang up function.
Dia l/ Sta tu s
Read security: 5
This reflects the current status of the call:
N o ca ll
No call is active for this Connection List
profile.
Co n n e ctin g
Rin g in g
Outgoing call is being placed for this
profile.
Incoming call is being answered with
this profile.
PPP n e g o tia tin g
Active
Call is connected and is bringing up
PPP.
A session with this profile is active.
Dia l/ Ch a n n e ls
Dia l/ N u m b e r 1
Read security: 5
This is the number of B-channels being used for this call.
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the number entered for the profile under Configu-
ration/Connection List/Dial Out/Number 1.
Dia l/ N u m b e r 2
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the number entered for the profile under Configu-
ration/Connection List/Dial Out/Number 2.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
STATUS MEN U
The Express 4100/ 4110’s Status menu contains comprehensive status and
diagnostic information used in verifying configuration and identifying
problems. The menus are divided into protocol types and sessions. Fig-
ure 3-11 shows the Status menu.
Fig u re 3 -1 1 . Sta tu s Scre e n
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Sta tu s/ Ca ll Se ssio n s
This menu contains the current status of all dial-in sessions and spanning
tree ports.
Ca ll Se ssio n s/ Se ssio n 1 a n d Ca ll Se ssio n s/ Se ssio n 2
Read security: 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 can support up to two active connections at one
time. These two menus reflect the results of PPP negotiations, user name,
time connected, idle timer, and data rates for the session.
PPP Lin k s
BCP
Reflects LCP layers active
Shows UP if PPP Bridge Control Protocol
has negotiated successfully
IPCP
Shows UP if PPP IP Control Protocol has
negotiated successfully
IPXCP
CCP
Shows UP if PPP IPX Control Protocol
has negotiated successfully
Shows UP if PPP Compression Control
Protocol has negotiated successfully
BACP
Shows UP if PPP Bandwidth Allocation
Control Protocol has negotiated success-
fully
Use r
Displays the user name of the PPP peer
N u m b e r(s)
Shows the phone number dialed if out-
going call or caller ID if incoming call
Co n n e ct Tim e
Up Tim e
Shows the date and time when the call
last connected
Displays how long the call has been
connected
Id le Tim e r
Current value of the idle timer (number
of seconds since filtered packet was
passed through)
Tx Pk ts
Rx Pk ts
Tx By te s
Rx By te s
Number of packets transmitted
Number of packets received
Number of bytes transmitted
Number of bytes received
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Tx Ra te
Current application data transmission
rate
Rx Ra te
Current application data reception rate
Current actual data transmission rate
Current actual data reception rate
Current transmission compression ratio
Current reception compression ratio
Tx Lin k Ra te
Rx Lin k Ra te
Tx Co m p Ra tio
Rx Co m p Ra tio
Ca ll Se ssio n s/ Sp a n n in g Tre e
Read security: 5
When Bridge mode and Spanning Tree mode are active, this reflects the
current state of the LAN and WAN ports. The following can appear:
O ff
Appears when spanning tree mode is
disabled
Disa b le d
Port is not connected (for WAN) or dis-
abled in configuration
Liste n in g
Port is in the listening state
Port is in the learning state
Le a rn in g
Fo rw a rd in g
Port is in the forwarding state with the
following possible properties:
ro o t
is the root port
d e sig n a te d
Blo ck in g
is designated port
Port is in the blocked state
Sta tu s/ ARP Ca ch e
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express 4100/ 4110’s ARP table. All resolved
cache entries time out after 20 minutes. Unresolved entries time out in 3
minutes.
ARP Ca ch e / IP Ad d re ss
IP address used for resolving MAC
address
ARP Ca ch e / MAC Ad d re ss Ethernet address resolved (0=no resolu-
tion)
ARP Ca ch e / Tim e
Minutes since entry was first entered
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Sta tu s/ Brid g e Ta b le
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express 4100/ 4110’s bridge table.
Brid g e Ca ch e / MAC Ad d re ss
Brid g e Ca ch e / Po rt
Ethernet address for device learned
Port device learned from: LAN ,
WAN 0 , or WAN 1
Brid g e Ca ch e / TTL
Seconds until address is removed from
table
Sta tu s/ IP Ro u te s
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express 4100/ 4110’s IP router table.
IP Ro u te s / IP Ad d re ss
IP Ro u te s / N e tm a sk
Network or host destination address
Network mask applied to the destina-
tion address
IP Ro u te s / Ga te w a y
IP Ro u te s / Po rt
lo ca l
Host or router to receive this packet
Port gateway is located on:
sent directly to the Express 4100/
4110 router
e th 0
Express 4100/ 4110’s ethernet port
Express 4100/ 4110’s first PPP bundle
w a n 0
w a n 1
Express 4100/ 4110’s second PPP
bundle
id le
non-connected or “spoofed” route
used for dial-on-demand
IP Ro u te s / Use
IP Ro u te s/ Fla g s
Number of times the Express 4100/
4110 has referenced the route
Important tags associated with this route
entry
H
G
D
I
route is a host route
route is a gateway route
route learned dynamically from RIP
route learned from an ICMP redirect
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P
route is private and is not advertised
with RIP
T
route is to a triggered port (updates
only when table changes)
IP Ro u te s/ Ho p s
Number of routers that must go through
to get to destination. Ranges from 0-15
or 16 for infinite (can’t get there from
here).
IP Ro u te s/ TTL
Seconds until address is removed from
table or “zombied.” Value of 999
means route is static.
Sta tu s/ IPX Ro u te s
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express 4100/ 4110’s IPX router table.
IPX Ro u te s / N e tw o rk
IPX Ro u te s / Ga te w a y
Network destination address
Node or Ethernet address of gateway to
receive this packet
IPX Ro u te s / Po rt
lo ca l
Port gateway is located on:
sent directly to the Express 4100/
4110 router
e th 0
Express 4100/ 4110’s ethernet port
Express 4100/ 4110’s first PPP bundle
w a n 0
w a n 1
Express 4100/ 4110’s second PPP
bundle
id le
non-connected or “spoofed” route
used for dial-on-demand
IPX Ro u te s / Use
IPX Ro u te s/ Ho p s
Number of times the Express 4100/
4110 has referenced the route
Number of routers that must go through
to get to destination. Ranges from 0-15
or 16 for infinite (can’t get there from
here).
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IPX Ro u te s/ Tick s
IPX Ro u te s/ TTL
Router determined value for represent-
ing time packets take to reach the net-
work destination. One tick is equivalent
to one-eighteenth of a second.
Seconds until address is removed from
table. Value of 999 means route is
static.
Sta tu s/ IPX Se rve rs
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express 4100/ 4110’s IPX server table.
IPX Se rve rs/ Ty p e
The server type
IPX Se rve rs/ N a m e
IPX Se rve rs/ N e tw o rk
IPX Se rve rs / Ad d re ss
IPX Se rve rs/ So ck e t
IPX Se rve rs/ Ho p s
The server name
The server network address
The servers node address
The servers socket address
Number of routers that must go through
to get to server. Ranges from 0-15 or
16 for infinite.
IPX Se rve rs/ TTL
Seconds until address is removed from
table. Value of 999 means server is
static.
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Sta tu s/ WAN Sta ts
Read security: 5
This menu contains generic WAN statistics on both B-channel HDLC
hardware ports.
HDLC Po rt 1
Tx By te s
total number of raw bytes sent out HDLC port
1
Rx By te s
Rx CRCs
total number of raw bytes received in HDLC
port 1
total number of CRC errors detected on HDLC
port 1
HDLC Po rt 2
Tx By te s
total number of raw bytes sent out HDLC port
2
Rx By te s
total number of raw bytes received in HDLC
port 2
Rx CRCs
total number of CRC errors detected on HDLC
port 2
Cle a r Co u n ts
When activated, clears all WAN stat counts
Sta tu s/ LAN Sta ts
Read security: 5
This menu contains statistics for the Ethernet port.
Tx Pa ck e ts
Rx Pa ck e ts
Tx Erro rs
Packets transmitted out the Ethernet port
Packets received from the Ethernet port
Total transmit errors encountered on Ethernet port
Sin g le Co llisio n s
total single collisions before successful
transmission
Mu ltip le Co llisio n s
total multiple collisions before successful
transmission
Ex ce ssive Co llisio n s
De fe rre d Tra n sm issio n s
total collisions that resulted in packet being
dropped
total packets deferred due to collisions
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Ca rrie r Se n se Erro rs
total carrier sense errors encountered (no link
integrity)
Rx Erro rs
CRCs
Total packets received in error and dropped
total packets detected with CRC errors
Gia n ts
total packets received that were greater than
1518 bytes
Ru n ts
total packets received that were less than 64
bytes
Rx Co llisio n s
Cle a r Co u n ts
total collision occurred during reception
When activated, clears all LAN Stat counts.
Sta tu s/ IP Sta ts
Read security: 5
This menu contains IP statistics that can be useful when diagnosing prob-
lems. All are taken from the SNMP MIB-2 variables.
TCP failed attempts
TCP passive connections
TCP current connections
TCP segments sent
TCP segments received
Total TCP resets
Active TCP connections
Total TCP retransmits
UDP datagrams sent
No application at dest. port
UDP datagrams received
UDP bad packets
ICMP redirected messages
ICMP packet errors
ICMP timeouts received
ICMP messages sent
ICMP messages received
ICMP specif if errors
IP datagrams reassembled
IP datagrams sent
IP datagrams received
Total forwarded datagrams
IP reassembly timeout
Discarded routing entries
Total IP fragments
Failed fragments
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IP reassembly failures
Disassembled fragments
Errorfree discards
Routeless discards
Default TTL
Bad IP addresses
Successful fragments
Bad header packets
Sent datagrams to upper layers
Datagrams discarded
Bad protocol discards
Clear Counts - clears all IP stats
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TEST MEN U
The Express 4100/ 4110’s Test menu contains built in tests that can be
used to diagnose problems. Figure 3-12 shows the Test menu screen.
Fig u re 3 -1 2 . Te st Scre e n
The following tests can be run:
Te st Me n u / Ech o Re q u e st
Write security: 4, Read security: 5
When activated, the echo request test will begin sending continuous PPP
echo request packets to any open LCP ports. Results are displayed on the
screen. At least one PPP session must be up.
Te st Me n u / Dia l Se lf
Write security: 4, Read security: 5
The dial self-test can be activated to check the ISDN parameters set under
the Configuration/WAN/ISDN menu. This test starts the Express 4100/
4110 dialing itself using the configured LDN numbers. Once a connec-
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
tion is established, it will send PPP echo request until the test is termi-
nated. Any error or success messages will appear on the screen.
LO GS MEN U
The Logs menu contain logs displaying important information about the
running condition of the Express 4100/ 4110. The logs can be set to cap-
ture diagnostics of error conditions only by way of a log level. The levels
are divided up as follows:
level 0 - Fatal event (causes reset)
level 1 - Critical event
level 2 - Error event
level 3 - Warning event
level 4 - Notify event
level 5 - Informational event
level 6 - Debugging event
Figure 3-13 shows the Logs menu. The three logs available are listed after
the figure.
Fig u re 3 -1 3 . Lo g s Scre e n
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Lo g s/ Sy s lo g Ho st
Set this to the IP address or domain name (if DNS configured) of the sys
log host device. All log events are sent to this device.
Lo g s/ PPP Lo g
Information pertaining to the PPP negotiation and authentication will be
logged here.
PPP Lo g / Active
When set to Yes (def), PPP events below or equal the log level are logged
into the log.
PPP Lo g / Wra p
When set to Yes (def), new PPP events will overwrite old PPP events
when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to
No.
PPP Lo g / Le ve l
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6.
The default is 3.
PPP Lo g / Vie w
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Da te / Tim e
Le ve l
Date and time event occurred.
Level associated with this event (0-6).
Me ssa g e
Text message for this event. If message
is too long to fit on the line, another
event appears below it continuing the
message.
PPP Lo g / Cle a r
This clears the log when activated.
Lo g s/ Ca ll Lo g
Information pertaining to the call placement and answering over the
ISDN link.
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Ca ll Lo g / Active
When set to Yes (def), call events below or equal the log level are logged
into the log.
Ca ll Lo g / Wra p
When set to Yes (def), new Call events will overwrite old Call events
when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to
No.
Ca ll Lo g / Le ve l
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6.
The default is 3.
Ca ll Lo g / Vie w
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Da te / Tim e
Le ve l
Date and time event occurred.
Level associated with this event (0-6).
Me ssa g e
Text message for this event. If message
is too long to fit on the line, another
event appears below it continuing the
message.
Ca ll Lo g / Cle a r
This clears the log when activated.
Lo g s/ N e tw o rk Lo g
Information pertaining to the routing protocols is placed in this log.
N e tw o rk Lo g / Active
When set to Yes (def), call events below or equal the log level are logged
into the log.
N e tw o rk Lo g / Wra p
When set to Yes (def), new Network events will overwrite old Network
events when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and
set to No.
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N e tw o rk Lo g / Le ve l
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6.
The default is 3.
N e tw o rk Lo g / Vie w
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Da te / Tim e
Le ve l
Date and time event occurred.
Level associated with this event (0-6).
Me ssa g e
Text message for this event. If message
is too long to fit on the line, another
event appears below it continuing the
message.
N e tw o rk Lo g / Cle a r
This clears the log when activated.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
UTILITIES MEN U
The Express 4100/ 4110 has utilities embedded in it to help manage and
test the network and to facilitate software upgrades. Figure 3-14 shows
the Utilities menu.
Fig u re 3 -1 4 . Utilitie s Scre e n
Utilitie s/ Pin g
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
The ping menu is used to send ICMP ping messages to hosts. The follow-
ing items are under this menu:
Sta rt/ Sto p
Activator to start and cancel a ping test.
Ho st Ad d re ss
IP address or domain name (if DNS is
configured) of device to receive the
ping
Size
Total size of ping to send. Range is 40
(def) to 1500 bytes.
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# o f Pa ck e ts
Total packets to send every two sec-
onds
# o f Tra n sm its
# o f Re ce ive s
% Lo ss
Total packets sent (read only)
Total packets received (read only)
Percentage loss based on ping
returned form host (read only)
Utilitie s/ Te ln e t Clie n t
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
The Telnet menu can be used to activate the telnet client function in the
Express 4100/ 4110.
Ho st
IP address or domain name (if DNS is
configured) of Telnet server.
Activa te
Starts Telnet client function. The key
combination Co n tro l ] cancels the ses-
sion.
Utilitie s/ Up g ra d e Me n u
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The Express 4100/ 4110’s firmware can be upgraded using this menu.
Up g ra d e / Tra n sfe r Me th o d
To upgrade, use XMODEM. Selecting XMODEM will load the upgrade
code through the maintenance port using any PC terminal emulator with
xmodem capability.
Up g ra d e / File n a m e
This is required when the transfer method is TFTP. It is the case-sensitive
file name which is the upgrade code.
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Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Up g ra d e / Sta rt Tra n sfe r
This activator is used when the configurable items in this menu are com-
plete.
Once started, the Express 4100/4110 will prompt for erasing the flash. When the flash is erased
and the upgrade transfer fails, do not turn off the unit. Retry the transfer until successful. Oth-
erwise, if power is removed before upgrade has finished, the upgrade will have to occur from the
maintenance port using XMODEM. If this happens, set a PC terminal emulation program to
115200 baud and attach to the Express 4100/4110’s maintenance port. Press Return to display
a simple terminal menu for upgrading. This menu appears when the flash code has been erased
or is corrupt. The menu will also appear if you power up and hold down the SELECT key for at
least five seconds.
Utilitie s/ Ex it
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
Activating this feature will exit the terminal session from the maintenance
port or telnet. It is equivalent to the key combination Control L.
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Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
When the Express 4100/ 4110 powers up, it performs an internal self-test.
This takes about 10 seconds. At the end of the test, the PWR LED should
flash.
IF SELF-TEST FAILS
If the PWR LED is not on or continuously flashes, the following steps will
verify whether or not the problem can be fixed locally.
1. Ensure the Express 4100/ 4110 is receiving power.
2. Power off the Express 4100/ 4110. Place switch 2 in the off position;
then power back up. This will reset all internal settings to their fac-
tory default.
3. If the Express 4100/ 4110 still does not pass self-test, call ADTRAN
Technical Support for assistance. See the inside back cover of this
manual for information on contacting ADTRAN.
IF THE EXPRESS 4 1 0 0 / 4 1 1 0 DO ES N O T READ READY
When the Express 4100/ 4110 has been set up and connected to a line, but
the PWR LED does not remain on after a few minutes, proceed with the
following steps:
1. Cycle power on the Express 4100/ 4110, leaving it off for a minimum
of two seconds; then turn the power on for one minute to ensure the
PWR LED still does not stay on.
2. Disconnect the Express 4100/ 4110. From a functioning voice phone,
call the local directory number(s) provided with your line. Calling a
good ISDN line with nothing connected usually results in a ring or
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Chapter 4. Troubleshooting
fast busy tone. If someone answers, or you get a not-in-service inter-
cept, there is probably something wrong with the translation of the
line. The phone service provider should be able to help.
3. If the PWR LED still flashes, there is a physical problem with the
phone line (more than likely, a problem with the Layer 1 setup). The
problem is in one or more of the places listed below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Express 4100/ 4110 software setup
The Express 4100/ 4110 hardware
The wiring on your premises
The telephone service provider’s wiring
The telephone service provider’s hardware
The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is plugged into the Express 4100/ 4110 connector
marked ISDN on the back of the Express 4100/ 4110.
B. Make sure the Express 4100/ 4110 is configured for Dial line ser-
vice.
C. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with
a U-interface on the line.
D. Talk to your service provider and ensure you have an ISDN Basic
Rate U-Interface with 2B1Q line coding.
(Wrong options are an S or T interface or AMI line coding).
E. Ensure that your phone line is connected to the actual telephone
line (U-interface) provided by your telephone company. Make
sure your line is not connected through another piece of equip-
ment such as an NT1 in a wiring closet.
F. Make sure nothing else is bridged across the line pair.
G. With a minimum of extra wiring, try connecting to the line pair at
the point where the service provider’s wiring ends.
H. With the Express 4100/ 4110 connected to the line and powered
up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and inform them
that your ISDN basic rate line has a physical Layer 1 problem. Ask
them to check the line. Tell them that you have an NT1-like device
at the end of the line.
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Chapter 4. Troubleshooting
4. If the Loop Status in the Express 4100/ 4110 Status menu continuously
reads Getting TEI #1, then the Express 4100/ 4110 is physically con-
nected to your local telephone service provider but is unable to estab-
lish logical layer 2. The problem is in one or more of the places listed
below:
•
•
•
The Express 4100/ 4110 software setup
The telephone service provider’s software setup
Hardware configuration, if the line is extended from the switch
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the Express 4100/ 4110 is setup for the correct switch type.
B. Ensure the quality of your line is satisfactory by checking for near
and far end block errors (NEBEs and FEBEs). If the counts are
non-zero, there may be a physical link problem as described in
step 3.
C. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with
a U-interface on the line.
D. With the Express 4100/ 4110 connected to the line and powered
up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and tell them you
have an ISDN basic rate line that appears physically okay but has
no terminal endpoint identifier (TEI). Ask them to check the line
translation and ensure that the line supports dynamic TEI alloca-
tion. Tell them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device
connected to the line.
5. If the Loop Status in the Express 4100/ 4110 Status menu continuously
reads Register SPID #1, then the Express 4100/ 4110 is physically
connected to your local telephone service provider and has estab-
lished logical layer 2. The Express 4100/ 4110 is unable to establish
layer 3. The problem is in one or both of the following places:
•
•
The Express 4100/ 4110 software setup
The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the Express 4100/ 4110 is set up for the correct switch type.
B. Make sure the line is multipoint.
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Chapter 4. Troubleshooting
C. Make sure the Express 4100/ 4110 is set up with the correct SPID
and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with
a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express 4100/ 4110 connected to the line and powered
up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and tell them you
have an ISDN basic rate line that appears physically okay but is
unable to register its SPID(s). Ask them to check the line transla-
tion, ensure the line supports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify
the SPIDs. Tell them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter
device connected to the line.
6. If the Loop Status in the Express 4100/ 4110 Status menu continuously
reads Getting TEI #2, the Express 4100/ 4110 has completely initial-
ized the first phone number but is unable to establish logical layer 2
for the second phone number. The problem is in one or both of the
following places:
•
•
The Express 4100/ 4110 software setup
The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is multipoint with two phone numbers.
B. Ensure that the Express 4100/ 4110 is set up with the correct SPID
and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
C. Try swapping SPID1 with SPID2 and LDN1 with LDN2. Deter-
mine if the problem is the second phone number or the quantity of
phone numbers.
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with
a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express 4100/ 4110 connected to the line and powered
up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and tell them you
have an ISDN basic rate line that appears physically okay but is
unable to register its SPID(s). Ask them to check the line transla-
tion, ensure the line supports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify
the SPIDs. Tell them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter
device connected to the line.
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Chapter 4. Troubleshooting
7. If the Loop Status in the Express 4100/ 4110 Status Menu continuously
reads Register SPID #2, the Express 4100/ 4110 has completely initial-
ized the first phone number but is unable to establish logical layer 3 for
the second phone number. The problem is in one or both of the follow-
ing places:
•
•
The Express 4100/ 4110 software setup
The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is multipoint with two phone numbers.
B. Ensure that the Express 4100/ 4110 is set up with the correct SPID
and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
C. Try swapping SPID1 with SPID2 and LDN1 with LDN2. Deter-
mine if the problem is with the second phone number or the quan-
tity of phone numbers.
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with
a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express 4100/ 4110 connected to the line and powered
up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and tell them you
have an ISDN basic rate line that appears physically okay but is
unable to register its SPIDs. Ask them to check the line transla-
tion, ensure the line supports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify
the SPIDs. Tell them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter
device connected to the line.
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Chapter 4. Troubleshooting
IF YO U ARE UN ABLE TO CO N N ECT CALLS
See Table 4-A for corrective actions if you cannot connect calls.
Ta b le 4 -1 . Tro u b le sh o o tin g Ca lls
Co n d itio n
Co rre ctive Actio n
The PWR LED remains on,
Most likely a problem exists in the software setup (translation) at
but calls cannot be placed. the CO switch, or the network setup in the Express 4100.
Local voice calls can be
The line is probably not set up to support data calls.
transmitted, but data calls to
the same exchange cannot.
Local data calls go through, Ensure the far end is working. If not already doing so, place the
but long distance data calls call explicitly specifying the prefix of the long distance service
do not.
(for example, 10288 for AT&T). If this does not work, then most
likely the problem is that the long distance service provider is not
providing long distance access.
Single B-channel calls can
There is most likely a problem in the software setup (translation)
be made, but two B-channel at the CO switch, or the network setup in the Express 4100.
calls cannot.
If the line has two phone numbers, make sure the second SPID
and LDN are entered correctly in SPID2 and LDN2 in the Express
4100.
Check with the local service provider to ensure that the line sup-
ports two data calls. The Express 4100 status log buffer shows
the sequence of events that occurred. You need to know which
piece of equipment first caused the Multilink PPP process to termi-
nate. The status logs from both ends may be necessary to deter-
mine this.
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Chapter 5
Specifications
SPECIFICATIO N S AN D FEATURES
This section describes the standard specifications and features incorpo-
rated in the Express 4100/ 4110.
N e tw o rk In te rfa ce
RJ-49C for ISDN Basic Rate U-Interface or RJ-49C for leased 2B1Q service.
Eth e rn e t In te rfa ce (LAN )
Ethernet/ IEEE 802.3 10BaseT.
Sw itch Co m p a tib ility
•
•
•
LUCENT 5ESS
NTI DMS-100
National ISDN-1
Du a l PO TS In te rfa ce
•
•
•
•
•
Maximum REN = 3
Caller ID
Ringing Signal Amplitude = 185 Vp-p (+/ - 5V)
Ringing Signal Frequency = 20 Hz (+/ - 3 Hz)
Supports 3 phones
(18 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 2 phones
(26 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 1 phone
•
•
(49 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
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Chapter 5. Specifications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Supports 4 phones
(14 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 3 phones
(18 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 2 phones
(27 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 5 phones
(12 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 4 phones
(15 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 3 phones
(19 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 2 phones
(28 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 1 phone
(53 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 5 phones
(12 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 4 phones
(15 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 3 phones
(20 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 5 phones (13 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 4 phones (16 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 3 phones (21 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
•
•
•
Disp la y
Available through terminal interface or Telnet session
En viro n m e n ta l
•
•
•
Operating Temperature: 0 - 50 °C
Storage Temperature: 20 - 70 °C
Relative Humidity: Up to 95% non-condensing
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Appendix A
Loop Status Messages
The Express 4100/ 4110 displays current loop status of the ISDN on the
bottom center line of the terminal screen. The following messages are
defined:
Au to Sp id Do w n lo a d
The Express 4100/ 4110 is performing the LUCENT SPID download fea-
ture.
Au to Sp id X
A SPID is being attempted by ExpertISDN. X starts at 0 and counts up
for each SPID format.
CALL <n u m b e r>
The Express 4100/ 4110 is dialing the number.
Ca ll Co n n e ct B1
Bearer channel B1 is active with a call.
Ca ll Co n n e ct B2
Bearer channel B2 is active with a call.
Ca ll Co n n e ct B1 / B2
Bearer channels B1 and B2 are active with a call.
Co n n e cte d 6 4 K/ 2 X6 4 K/ 1 2 8 K
When the Express 4100/ 4110 is in leased mode, this will appear when the
link’s layer 1 is up. The rate is determined by what it is configured for
under Configuration/ WAN/ ISDN/ Leased/ Rate.
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Appendix A. Loop Status Messages
DISCO N N ECTIN G
A call is in the process of being disconnected.
DMS-1 0 0 Re a d y
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against a Nortel DMS-100 switch
and is ready for calls.
Ech o : Tx : X Rx : Y
The current transmit and receive count for the PPP echo request test.
Ge ttin g TEI # 1
The Express 4100/ 4110’s ISDN layer 1 is up and is now getting the first
TEI from the ISDN network.
Ge ttin g TEI # 2
The Express 4100/ 4110’s ISDN layer 1 is up and one TEI is obtained. It is
now getting the second TEI from the ISDN network.
ISDN -1 Re a d y
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against a switch running the
ISDN-1 protocol and is ready for calls.
La y e r 1 u p
The Express 4100/ 4110’s ISDN layer 1 is up.
The ISDN link is not synchronized.
Lin k d o w n
Lin k In Sy n c
The ISDN link is synchronized but layer 1 is not up.
LUCEN T-5 ESS Re a d y
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against an LUCENT 5E switch
and is ready for calls.
N ET EO C LO O PBACK
Express 4100/ 4110 has received an ISDN EOC loopback command from
the switch.
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Appendix A. Loop Status Messages
Re g iste r SPID # 1
The Express 4100/ 4110’s ISDN layer 1 and 2 is up and is now registering
SPID 1 with the ISDN network.
Re g iste r SPID # 1
The Express 4100/ 4110’s ISDN layer 1 and 2 is up and is now registering
SPID 2 with the ISDN network.
RIN GIN G
An incoming call is ringing.
B1 a n d B2 Be a re r Ch a n n e l Sta tu s Me ssa g e s
5 6 K
Connected at 56K call type.
6 4 K
Connected at 64K call type.
Au d io
Connected at audio call type.
Dia lin g
Dialing out.
Ho ld in g
Connection is on hold.
Id le
No call up.
Sp e e ch
Connected at speech call type.
Re le a se
Call being hung up.
Re triv
Held call being retrieved.
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Appendix A. Loop Status Messages
Rin g in g
Incoming call.
Ro u tin g
Incoming call state in transition .
W a itin g
Call is between states or waiting for switch.
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Appendix B
Log Messages
The Express 4100/ 4110 Logs menu contains messages of events that
occur. The definitions for some of those log messages are as follows:
PPP Lo g Me ssa g e s
B-Ch a n n e ls b u n d le d
level 5
Both B-channels are bundled under multilink PPP going to a single PPP
peer.
BACP <X> d o w n
level 5
Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped
between Express 4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
BACP <X> u p
level 5
Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully
negotiated between Express 4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
BCP <X> d o w n
level 5
Bridge Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express
4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
BCP <X> u p
level 5
Bridge Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated
between Express 4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
Ca n 't fin d u se r p ro file
level 2
The Express 4100/ 4110 could not find an appropriate user profile for an
incoming call. Make sure that a profile has been entered under Configu-
ration/ Connection List or that a default profile exists. A default profile is
one which has the name DEFAULT in the description field.
CCP <X> d o w n
level 5
Compression Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between
Express 4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
CCP <X> u p
level 5
Compression Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated
between Express 4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
CHAP a u th e n fa ile d
level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express 4100/ 4110’s username and/ or
password used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configura-
tion/Connection List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx User-
name, and Tx Password are correct.
EAP a u th e n fa ile d
level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express 4100/ 4110’s username and/ or
password used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configura-
tion/Connection List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx User-
name, and Tx Password are correct.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
IPCP <X> d o w n
level 5
IP Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express 4100/
4110 and PPP peer.
IPCP <X> u p
level 5
IP Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between
Express 4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
IPXCP <X> d o w n
level 5
IPX Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express 4100/
4110 and PPP peer.
IPXCP <X> u p
level 5
IPX Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between
Express 4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
LCP <X> d o w n
level 5
Link Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express 4100/
4110 and PPP peer.
LCP <X> u p
level 5
Link Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between
Express 4100/ 4110 and PPP peer.
Lin k is lo o p e d b a ck
level 3
The Express 4100/ 4110 has dialed a location which is looping back all
data. Essentially, it has negotiated PPP with itself.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
MP o p tio n s n o t th e sa m e
level 2
It is required that when LCP links are bundled that specific PPP options
(MRRU and short sequence header format) be negotiated the same for all
LCP links. This message occurs when those options mismatch. Probably
due to misconfiguration of the PPP peer.
N e g o t n o t co n ve rg in g
level 2
Negotiation of the LCP layer is unattainable due to misconfiguration or
the Express 4100/ 4110 or PPP peer is requiring authentication and the
other is refusing.
N o IP a d d r fo r p e e r
level 2
The Express 4100/ 4110 cannot continue the connection because there was
no IP address received from the PPP peer or it was not set in Configura-
tion/Connection List/IP/Route/IP/Net parameter.
N o m o re b u n d le s a va il
level 3
The Express 4100/ 4110 cannot bundle more than two Multilink sessions
at one time.
N o Re sp o n se fro m p e e r
level 2
The Express 4100/ 4110 has dialed or answered a call and no PPP negotia-
tion packets were seen.
PAP a u th e n fa ile d
level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express 4100/ 4110’s username and/ or
password used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configura-
tion/Connection List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx User-
name, and Tx Password are correct.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
Pe e r fa ile d CHAP a u th e n
level 3
The PPP peer’s reported CHAP username and/ or password does not
match the Express 4100/ 4110’s parameters. This is most likely caused by
PPP peer sending an incorrect username and/ or password. Make sure
the Configuration/Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx User-
name and Rx Password are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS,
check that the server is configured and running properly.
Pe e r fa ile d EAP a u th e n
level 3
The PPP peer’s reported EAP username and/ or password does not
match the Express 4100/ 4110’s parameters. This is most likely caused by
PPP peer sending incorrect username and/ or password. Make sure the
Configuration/Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx User-
name and Rx Password are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS,
check that the server is configured and running properly.
Pe e r fa ile d PAP a u th e n
level 3
The PPP peer’s reported PAP username and/ or password does not
match the Express 4100/ 4110’s parameters. This is most likely caused by
PPP peer sending incorrect username and/ or password. Make sure the
Configuration/Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx User-
name and Rx Password are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS,
check that the server is configured and running properly.
Pe e r re fu se d a u th e n
level 3
The PPP peer would not allow the Express 4100/ 4110 to authenticate it
using the method set in Configuration/ Security/ PPP.
Pe e r re fu se d Sp a n Tre e
level 4
The PPP peer would not participate in the Spanning Tree protocol. This
is a warning message only. Bridging will still occur across the WAN port
so care must be taken that no loop topologies exist across the connection.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
PPPtx [x ] …
level 6
Advance debugging decode of transmitted PPP configuration packets.
PPPrx [x ] …
level 6
Advanced debugging decode of received PPP configuration packets.
Ca ll Lo g Me ssa g e s
An sw e r <n u m b e r>
level 5
An incoming call from <number> was answered. If no caller ID is avail-
able for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank.
Au to Sp id Do w n lo a d N o t Ava ila b le
level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download is not available from this ISDN switch.
Au to Sp id Do w n lo a d Pa ss
level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download feature has successfully installed the SPIDs.
Au to Sp id Do w n lo a d Sta rte d
level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download feature has started.
Au to Sp id Fa ile d
level 2
ExpertISDN has failed trying to determine the ISDN line’s SPID format.
This can occur if the telephone company is not using standard SPID for-
mats.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
Au to Sp id Pa sse d
level 4
ExpertISDN has finished and has determined the ISDN line’s SPID for-
mat.
Au to Sp id Re try
level 4
ExpertISDN is attempting another SPID format.
Au to Sw itch LUCEN T
level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is LUCENT 5E cus-
tom.
Au to Sw itch DMS
level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is Nortel DMS-100.
Au to Sw itch N I-1
level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is National ISDN 1.
Ba d ca ll ty p e
level 1
Internal error as a result of outgoing call attempt.
Ba d Ho st_Ca ll_ID
level 1
Internal error as a result of call control.
Ba d p h o n e n u m b e r
level 2
An outgoing call was attempted with a badly formatted or empty phone
number.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
Ba n d w id th d ro p
level 4
The Express 4100/ 4110 is dropping a B-channel call in order to reduce
bandwidth.
Ba n d w id th re q u e st
level 4
The Express 4100/ 4110 is dialing another B-channel in order to increase
bandwidth.
Ba n d w id th Re sto re
level 4
The Express 4100/ 4110 is re-dialing destination to restore original band-
width after POTS call bump or unexpected call drop.
Be a re r In fo Ca p In co rre ct
level 2
The bearer capability received in an information element from the switch
was invalid.
Be a re r Mo d e In co rre ct
level 2
The bearer mode received in an information element from the switch was
invalid.
BUSY
level 2
Called location was busy.
Ca ll lo st <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 attemptedto retrieve a previously held call but the
call was lost for unknown reasons. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN
line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
Ca lle r ID m ism a tch
level 3
The caller ID number did not match the numbers placed in Configura-
tion/Connection List/Authentication parameters Call ID 1 or Call ID 2.
Ca llID 1 in u se
level 2
An outgoing call on LDN 1 was dumped because it was already busy
with a call.
Ca llID 2 in u se
level 2
A outgoing call on LDN 2 was dumped because it was already busy with
a call.
Ca n 't a n sw e r, Ca ll n o t rin g in g
level 1
Internal error as a result of trying to answer a non-existent incoming call.
Ca u se : ‘<ca u se >’ d ia g =<n u m >
level 3
The ISDN switch has sent a Cause information element describing the
reason reported from the ISDN switch as <cause> for a call failure. The
value <num> is the diagnostic which can be helpful for diagnosing by the
telephone company or ADTRAN technical support. The following will
be reported for the <cause> value:
BAD_INFO_ELEM
BEAR_CAP_NOT_AVAIL
BEARER_CAP_NOT_AUTH
CALL_REJECTED
CAP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
CHAN_DOES_NOT_EXIST
CHAN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
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Appendix B. Log Messages
CHANNEL_UNACCEPTABLE
DEST_OUT_OF_ORDER
FACILITY_NOT_IMPLEMENT
FACILITY_NOT_SUBSCRIBED
FACILITY_REJECTED
INCOMING_CALL_BARRED
INCOMPATIBLE_DEST
INVALID_CALL_REF
INVALID_ELEM_CONTENTS
INVALID_MSG_UNSPEC
INVALID_NUMBER_FORMAT
MANDATORY_IE_LEN_ERR
MANDATORY_IE_MISSING
NETWORK_CONGESTION
NETWORK_OUT_OF_ORDER
NO_CIRCUIT_AVAILABLE
NO_ROUTE
NO_ROUTE_TO_DEST
NO_USER_RESPONDING
NON_SEL_USER_CLEAR
NONEXISTENT_MSG
NORMAL_CLEARING
NUMBER_CHANGED
OUTGOING_CALL_BARRED
PRE_EMPTED
PROTOCOL_ERROR
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Appendix B. Log Messages
REQ_CHANNEL_NOT_AVAIL
RESOURCE_UNAVAIL
SERVICE_NOT_AVAIL
SERVICE_OPER_VIOLATED
TEMPORARY_FAILURE
TIMER_EXPIRY
UNASSIGNED_NUMBER
USER_ALERT_NO_ANS
USER_BUSY
WRONG_MESSAGE
WRONG_MSG_FOR_STATE
Co n fe re n ce <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 has conferenced the held call with the active call.
If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank
for incoming calls.
Co n fe re n ce Re j <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 attempted to conference but was reject by the
ISDN switch. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <num-
ber> will be blank for incoming calls.
Co n n e ct Tim e o u t
level 3
An outgoing call attempt has failed because the call was not answered or
it was not routed through the ISDN network.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
Co n n e cte d <n u m b e r>
level 5
A call from or to <number> was connected. If no caller ID is available for
the ISDN line then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
De m a n d ca llin g ‘<u se r>’
level 4
A new call is being placed due to incoming packet routed to “idle” inter-
face or bridge packet passing through demand filter. The Connection List
profile used is the one with <user> in the description field.
DEST N O T ISDN
level 4
The number dialed is not ISDN. This is a warning and is most often seen
for POTS calls.
Dia l <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 is dialing <number>.
Dia lin g ...
level 5
A phone on the Express 4100/ 4110 POTS port is dialing.
Disco n n e ct <n u m b e r>
level 5
A call from or to <number> was disconnected. If no caller ID is available
for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Du m p <n u m b e r>
level 5
A call or call attempt to or from <number> has been refused. If no caller
ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incom-
ing calls.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
Du m p ca ll
level 3
The Express 4100/ 4110 has dropped an incoming call because it was busy
with calls.
Fa llb a ck to 5 6 K
level 4
The Express 4100/ 4110 is re-dialing the same destination at 56K call type
because the 64K call type failed.
Fa rDN =<n u m b e r>
level 5
This is far-end directory number for an incoming call.
Ha n g u p <n u m b e r>
level 5
A call from or to <number> was hung up. If no caller ID is available for
the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Ho ld <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 has placed a call on hold. If no caller ID is avail-
able for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Ho ld Re je ct <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 attempted to put a call on hold and it was rejected
by the ISDN switch. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then
<number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Id le tim e o u t
level 4
The Express 4100/ 4110’s idle timer has expired and the current session
has dropped.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
L1 n o t u p
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 1 is down.
L2 n o t u p
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 2 is down trying to get
first TEI.
L2 # 2 n o t u p
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 2 is down trying to get
second TEI.
L3 n o t u p
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to regis-
ter first SPID.
L3 # 2 n o t u p
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to regis-
ter second SPID.
LDN TO O LO N G
level 1
The number in either LDN 1 or LDN 2 is longer than 20 characters.
N ETW O RK BUSY
level 2
Called location was busy or network could not route call.
N e tw o rk d o w n
level 4
The ISDN network is unavailable due to layers 1,2 or 3 dropping.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
N e tw o rk u p
level 4
The ISDN network layer 3 is up and is ready for calls.
N o ca llin g ID
level 2
An incoming call did not provide the caller ID number required for
authentication.
N o p re vio u s n u m b e r
level 1
An internal error occurred with dial-on-demand function.
N O T e n d 2 e n d ISDN
level 4
The path that the call was routed over is not ISDN from end-to-end. This
is a warning and is most often seen for POTS calls.
Po w e r Up - la st d o w n ca u se : <re a so n >
level 0 (displayed as level 1 after the unit is reset)
This is the <reason> for the last reset. Most are caused by internal errors.
Possible reasons are:
Bus Error - Bad address occurred on the internal bus
Kernel error - General operating system error
No SBCs - Mail resources used up or lost
Router stack error - Fatal error in protocol stack
general panic - general error
no rip - rip tasks could not start
out of memory - out of available memory
out of TCP ports - all TCP ports are used up
unknown error - unknown fatal error has occurred
Set timer error - Cannot set real time clock
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Appendix B. Log Messages
Software Watch Dog Reset - Software watchdog was not updated
Pro b e : a ll p o rts b u sy
level 3
All ports were busy when it was time to probe. An attempt will be made
on the next probe interval.
Pro b e fa ile d
level 2
An attempt to connect to a probe site failed.
Pro b in g <n a m e >
level 4
The Express 4100/ 4110 is making an outgoing call to the destination spec-
ified by the description in the Connection List in order to get an update on
routes.
PO TS ca ll b u m p
level 4
The Express 4100/ 4110 has dropped bandwidth on an existing data call so
that a POTS call can be connected.
Re trie ve d <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 has retrieved a previously held call. If no caller ID
is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming
calls.
Rin g <n u m b e r>
level 5
An incoming call from <number> was ringing. If no caller ID is available
for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
SO URCE N O T ISDN
level 4
The incoming calling party is not ISDN. This is a warning and is most
often seen for POTS calls.
Sig n a l 0 x N N
level 4
A signal information element was received from the ISDN switch with
the value NN in hexadecimal.
Tra n sfe r <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 has transferred the held call with the active call.
If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank
for incoming calls.
Tra n sfe r Re j <n u m b e r>
level 5
The Express 4100/ 4110 attempted to transfer but was rejected by the
ISDN switch. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <num-
ber> will be blank for incoming calls.
N e tw o rk Lo g Me ssa g e s
Atte m p tin g to a d d b a d IP ifa ce ro u te : ifn u m =<in te r> d e st=<ip >
level 4
An IP address <ip> could not be used for the interface number <inter>.
DHCP co u ld n 't a llo c m e m
level 1
A DHCP response could not be generated due to memory allocation
problems.
DHCP re sp o n se se n t
level 4
A DHCP response was successfully sent to requesting device.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
DHCP so ck e t fa ile d
level 1
Internal error occurred when attempting to start DHCP server.
DHCP: Ho st n o t a d d e d to ARP ta b le
level 2
The DHCP server could not add requesting host to ARP table.
In sta llin g b a d d e fa u lt ro u te : ifn u m =<in te r> m e tric=<h o p s> g w =<ip >
level 6
The Express 4100/ 4110 did not install a default route because the <inter>
or <hops> was zero.
Re je ctin g p a ck e t w ith So u rce Ro u tin g o p tio n - src=<srcip > d e st=<d e stip >
level 4
The Express 4100/ 4110 has dropped a source routed IP packet due to
invalid parameters.
se tm a sk : lo ca l IP ifa ce (0 ), n o t d o n e
level 6
Debug error used in determining router stack problems.
sy slo g : b a d h o st
level 2
Syslog function cannot use host name or IP set in Configuration/ Logs/
Syslog Host.
sy slo g : n o p o rt
level 2
Syslog function cannot open port to send Log entries.
TEL: Te ln e t Se ssio n Clo se d
level 4
Telnet server session has been closed.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
te lclie n t b a d h o st
level 2
Telnet client could not use host name or IP address set in Configuration/
Utilities/ Telnet Client/ Host.
te lclie n t b a d in it
level 2
Telnet client could not initialize a session.
Te ln e t Clie n t: Clr TCBF_BUFFER fla g fa ile d
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
Te ln e t Clie n t: Se t TCBF_DO N TBLO CK fla g fa ile d
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
Te ln e t Clie n t so ck e t fa ile d
level 2
Telnet client function could not open TCP socket.
Te ln e t se rve r co n n e ct to <ip >
level 4
Telnet server has connected to Telnet client with IP address <ip>.
Te ln e t Se ssio n Clo se d
level 4
Telnet server has closed connection.
Te ln e t Se ssio n fa ile d , e rro r <e rrn u m >
level 2
Telnet server could not connect to Telnet client due to error.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
TELN ETD: a cce p t fa ile d
level 2
Telnet server could not open TCP socket to incoming Telnet client.
TELN ETD: Se t TCPC_LISTEN Q fa ile d
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet server function.
TELN ETD: Clr TCBF_BUFFER fla g fa ile d
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
TELN ETD: co u ld n o t o b ta in p e e r IP
level 2
Telnet server function could not get IP address of Telnet client.
TELN ETD: Se ssio n fa ile d , e rro r
level 2
A Telnet server session has failed because of an error.
TELN ETD: Se t TCBF_DO N TBLO CK fla g fa ile d
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
TELN ETD: SO CKET cre a tio n e rro r
level 2
Telnet server could not be started due to TCP socket error.
TFTP: ca n 't g e t to h o st
level 2
TFTP client could not get to host.
TFTP clie n t: u n a b le to o p e n p o rt
level 2
TFTP client function could not open a UDP port.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
TFTP: e rro r rcvd - <m e ssa g e >"
level 2
Received error with <message> from TFTP server.
TFTP: lo st co m m u n ica tio n
level 2
Lost communication to TFTP client or server during transfer.
TFTP se rve r: u n a b le to o p e n p o rt
level 2
TFTP server function could not open a UDP port.
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Appendix B. Log Messages
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Appendix C
SNMP
Un d e rsta n d in g SN MP
As Local Area Network (LAN) environments became standardized over
the past ten years, multi-vendor equipment grew with competition. It
became necessary to manage the various vendor equipment from a single
control console. Thus, the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) emerged as the de facto standard for managing commercial
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP) networks.
The term SNMP broadly refers to the message protocols used to exchange
information between the network and the managed devices, as well as to
the structure of network management databases. SNMP has three basic
components:
•
Network Manager: This is a control program that collects, controls,
and presents data pertinent to the operation of the network devices.
It resides on a network management station.
•
Agent: This is a control program that responds to queries and com-
mands from the network manager and returns requested information
or invokes configuration changes initiated by the manager. It resides
in each network device connected.
•
MIB: This is an index to the organized data within a network device.
It defines the operating parameters that can be controlled or moni-
tored.
When requesting the network manager to retrieve or modify a particular
piece of information about a network device, the network manager trans-
mits the request to that network device. The agent in that device inter-
prets the incoming request, performs the requested task, and sends its
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Appendix C. SNMP
response to the network manager. The network manager collects all the
data from the various network devices and presents it in a consistent
form.
Using SNMP Version 1, the network manager can issue three types of
commands:
•
•
•
GetRequest: This command retrieves a single item or the first in a
series from a network device.
GetNextRequest: This command retrieves the next item in a series
from a network device.
SetRequest: This command writes information to a network device.
The network device issues two types of messages:
•
•
GetResponse: This message is the response to a network manager
GetRequest or GetNextRequest command.
Trap: This is an unsolicited message issued by a network device to
report an operational anomaly or an alarm condition to the network
manager.
These messages are typically encased within informational packets and
transported over the LAN or WAN.
SN MP Em b e d d e d Ag e n t
The Express 4100/ 4110 supports the following groups from MIB-II: (RFC
1213)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
System Group
UDP Group
Interfaces Group
ICMP Group
Address Translation Group
IP Group
TCP Group
Also, the Ethernet transmission MIB is supported (RFC 1643).
The following manager requests are supported:
•
•
•
Get object
Get next object
Set object
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Appendix C. SNMP
Co m m u n itie s
The Express 4100/ 4110 permits up to eight communities to be defined.
The privilege level of each community can be set. The default commu-
nity is public with read-only privileges. When the IP address is all zeros,
any manager of the community can access the Express 4100/ 4110.
Tra p s
Up to four hosts can be set to receive traps. Each host entry requires an IP
address of the manager.
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Appendix C. SNMP
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Appendix D
Connector Pinouts
Ta b le D-1 . IBM/ AT Sty le EIA-2 3 2 In te rfa ce
Pin
1
N a m e
CD
I/ O
N/ C
O
De scrip tio n
Carrier Detect
Receive Data
2
RD
3
TD
I
Transmit Data
4
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
N/ C
N/ A
N/ C
I
Data Terminal Ready
Signal Ground
Data Set Ready
Request to Send
Clear to Send
Ring Indicator
5
6
7
8
CTS
RI
O
9
N/ C
I = Input
O = Output
N/ A = Not Applicable N/ C = Not Connected
Ta b le D-2 . RJ-4 9 C ISDN
Pin 4
Pin 5
Ring
Tip
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Appendix E
Terminal Mode Commands
The Express 4100/ 4110 supports a command line interface. All menu
options are configurable and readable from the terminal mode. Addi-
tional commands are also available.
Me n u Co m m a n d s
Every menu item in the menu structure can be accessed through the ter-
minal mode interface. Terminal commands are as follows:
top_menu sub_menu1 sub_menu2 … config_item
Each config_item is entered as shown below.
TYPE:
EN TERED AS:
string
printable characters within double quotes
printable characters within double quotes
xx.xx.xx.xx (0..9) separated by ‘.’
xx:xx:xx:xx (0..9,a..f) separated by ‘:’
sub-string or [#index]
password
IP address
Hex
enum
unsigned
date
digits (0..9)
mm-dd-yyyy
time
hh:mm:ss
date/ time
mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm:ss
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Appendix E. Terminal Mode Commands
TYPE:
EN TERED AS:
activator
list
read only
followed by index with first record being 1
followed by index with first record being 1
array
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Appendix E. Terminal Mode Commands
One of the following key words must be used first:
info
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Sy ste m In fo menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / WAN / ISDN menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / WAN / PO TS menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / IPX menu.
isdn
pots
ipx
bridge
security
connect
telnet
snmp
maint
dial
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Brid g e menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu rity menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Co n n e ctio n List menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Ma n a g e m e n t/ Te ln e t menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Ma n a g e m e n t/ SN MP menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Ma n a g e m e n t/ Ma in t menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Dia l menu.
status
test
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Sta tu s menu.
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Te st menu.
logs
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Lo g s menu.
util
Goes directly to Co n fig u ra tio n / Utilitie s menu.
Some examples are listed below:
isd n sp id _1 2 0 5 5 5 5 1 2 3 4 0 1 0 1
te ln e t u se r 1 n a m e “ g u e st”
sets spid 1
sets user name for telnet
user list entry 1 to “guest”
d ia l 3 d ia l
dials the numbers for con-
nection list profile number 3
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Appendix E. Terminal Mode Commands
Ad d itio n a l Co m m a n d s
Other commands available from the terminal mode are given below:
save
Saves the configuration to non-volatile RAM (flash).
Returns the MAC address for the Express 4100/ 4110.
Returns the firmware version and routing stack version.
Resets the unit.
mac
version
reset
exit
Leaves terminal mode and returns to menus.
download
Downloads complete configuration to the terminal screen for
capture.
Do w n lo a d / Up lo a d in g Co n fig u ra tio n
The Express 4100/ 4110’s configuration can be captured to a text file using
the download command. The text file can be edited if required. Upload
of the configuration can be accomplished by sending the text file to the
Express 4100/ 4110 in terminal mode. A baud rate of 9600 is strongly rec-
ommended when uploading. As soon as the upload has been completed,
type “save” to save the new configuration to flash. A “reset” command or
power cycle 10 seconds after the save command is recommended to
ensure that the new configuration is complete.
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Appendix F
Frame Relay Firmware Version
The Express 4100/ 4110 can be used with Frame Relay if you obtain the
appropriate firmware by calling ADTRAN Technical Support at the num-
ber listed in the back of this manual.
Co n fig u ra tio n / Fra m e Re la y
Figure F-1 shows the Configuration/ Frame Relay menu that appears
when using this firmware. The additional menu choices available with
this option are described following the figure.
Fig u re F-1 . Co n fig u ra tio n / Fra m e Re la y Scre e n
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
Fra m e Re la y / Ma in te n a n ce Pro to co l
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The Frame Relay maintenance protocol is used on the WAN port. The
maintenance protocol is used to send link status and virtual circuit infor-
mation between Frame Relay switches and other devices (such as routers)
that communicate with them. Possible choices are listed below.
An n e x D (def)
This is an ANSI standard and is the
most commonly used standard in the
US.
An n e x A
LMI
This is the CCITT European standard.
This was developed by a vendor con-
sortium and is also known as the “con-
sortium” management interface
specification. It is still used by some
carriers in the U.S.
Sta tic
This should be selected when there is
no Frame Relay switch in the circuit.
The DLCIs are assigned in the DLCI
Mapping and must be the same for the
device it will communicate with.
Fra m e Re la y / Po llin g Fre q u e n cy
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This parameter is the interval that the Express 4100/ 4110 polls the Frame
Relay switch using the maintenance protocol selected above. The Express
4100/ 4110 is required to poll the Frame Relay switch periodically to deter-
mine whether the link is active. The value is in seconds and ranges from 5
to 30 seconds with a default of 15 seconds.
Fra m e Re la y / DLCI Ma p p in g
This menu allows each DLCI to be mapped to a particular Frame Relay
maintenance protocol. Each protocol parameter can be individually con-
figured for each DLCI. By factory default, the DLCI map is empty.
When empty and a maintenance protocol other than static is used, the
Express 4100/ 4110 will poll the switch to determine which DLCIs are
active. These active DLCIs will attempt to determine the IP and IPX
addresses on the other end of the virtual circuit using Inverse ARP
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
(IARP). If there is a response, the network learned will be added to the
router tables and the virtual circuit will be treated as an unnumbered
interface. Bridge mode is not attemped in this case.
When more than one DLCI mapping is listed, the Express 4100/ 4110 will
try to match the DLCIs learned from the Frame Relay switch with the
DLCI values in the map. If there is a match, the protocols specified in the
map are used. However, if an active DLCI is not in the list it looks for an
entry that has 0 in the DLCI field. This entry is considered the default
entry to use when no match occurs. If this default entry is not present, the
Express 4100/ 4110 falls back to using IARP as in the previous paragraph
to determine the protocols to use with that particular virtual circuit. If a
static maintenance protocol is used, at least one DLCI mapping must be
specified.
To insert a new profile, press the I key when over the Num column. A new
inserted profile will always be set up with the default parameters. To copy param-
eters from an old profile to this newly inserted profile, use the copy (C) and paste
(P) keys. Entire configuration trees can be copied with this method.
To delete an unused profile, use the D key when the cursor is over the number in
the Num column. Once deleted, the profile is gone permanently as soon as the
DLCI Mapping is saved. Items may be deleted when DEL appears below the sta-
tus bar.
DLCI Ma p p in g / Active
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this parameter is set to Yes (def), the mapping is used to determine
the protocols used. If set to No, the Express 4100/ 4110 will ignore the vir-
tual circuit with this DLCI.
DLCI Ma p p in g / DLCI
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This is the DLCI associated with this virtual circuit. This value can range
from 16 to 1007.
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
DLCI Ma p p in g / IP Ma p
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This menu represents the IP protocol mapping that is to take place for this
DLCI.
IP Ma p / Active
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will attempt to
transport IP packets for this DLCI. A setting of No means that no IP
traffic or route will be exchanged.
IP Ma p / IARP
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will send
Inverse ARP packets in order to determine the IP address on the
other end of the virtual circuit. If the IARP is responded to, a route
is placed in the IP route table. A setting of No means that the route
address is to be assigned statically using the IP Map/Far-End IP
Address parameter. The Express 4100/ 4110 will always respond to
Inverse ARP requests.
IP Ma p / Fa r-En d IP Ad d re ss
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the device on the other end of the virtual
circuit. When this DLCI becomes active, the Express 4100/ 4110 will
add a route in the IP routing table.
IP Ma p / IP N e tm a sk
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The IP network mask to apply to the Far-End IP Address and Link
IP Address is specified here.
IP Ma p / Lin k IP Ad d re ss
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The virtual circuit may require an IP address to be specified at this
DLCI interface. This is called a numbered interface. This address is
used by the Express 4100/ 4110 to respond to Inverse ARP requests.
If this IP address is left as 0.0.0.0, the link is treated as unnumbered
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
and the Express 4100/ 4110 responds to the Inverse ARP with its
Ethernet IP address.
IP Ma p / RIP Pro to co l
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The RIP protocol can be specified per DLCI. The possible selections
are Off (meaning no RIP packets are listened to or sent), V1 (def)
(which is RIP version 1) or V2 (which is RIP version 2).
IP Ma p / RIP Me th o d
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The way the RIP protocol sends out its advertisements is specified
here:
N o n e
All routes in the router table are adver-
tised out this virtual circuit with no modifi-
cation of the metrics.
Sp lit Ho rizo n (def)
Only routes not learned from this particu-
lar virtual circuit are advertised.
Po iso n Re ve rse
All routes are advertised, but the routes
learned from this port are “poisoned” with
an infinite metric.
IP Ma p / RIP Dire ctio n
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This parameter allows the direction at which RIP advertisements
are sent and listened to be specified.
Tx a n d Rx (def)
RIP advertisements are periodically trans-
mitted and are listened to on this virtual
circuit.
Tx O n ly
RIP advertisements are periodically trans-
mitted but are not listened to on this vir-
tual circuit.
Rx O n ly
RIP is not transmitted on this virtual cir-
cuit but they are listened to.
IP Ma p / N AT
The Express 4100/ 4110 can perform Network Address Translation
over a PVC. Setting this option to On will cause the Express 4100/
4110 to translate between the Ethernet addresses and the configured
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
Link IP Address. Only one PVC may be used for translation at one
time. If more than one IP Map is configured for NAT, the first PVC
which is activated becomes the NAT port.
DLCI Ma p p in g / IPX Ma p
This menu represents the IPX protocol mapping that is to take place for
this DLCI.
IPX Ma p / Active
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will attempt to
transport IPX packets for this DLCI. A setting of No means that no
IPX traffic or route will be exchanged.
IPX Ma p / IARP
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will send
Inverse ARP packets to determine the IPX network on the other end
of the virtual circuit. If the IARP is responded to, a route is placed in
the IPX route table. A setting of No means that the IPX network is to
be assigned to the link statically using the IPX Map/ Link Network
parameter. The Express 4100/ 4110 will always respond to Inverse
ARP requests.
IPX Ma p / Lin k N e tw o rk
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This is the IPX network of the link or of the other device’s LAN.
When this DLCI becomes active, the Express 4100/ 4110 will add a
route to this network in the IPX routing table. This address is also
used by the Express 4100/ 4110 to respond to Inverse ARP requests.
If this IPX address is left as 0, the link is treated as unnumbered and
the Express 4100/ 4110 responds to the Inverse ARP with its Ether-
net IPX address.
DLCI Ma p p in g / Brid g e Ma p
This menu is used to permit bridging of packets over this DLCI. Each
DLCI or virtual circuit must be assigned a bridge group. The bridge
group treats all virtual circuits as one circuit. Bridge packets destined to
be transmitted out a particular bridge group are copied and transmitted
individually out each DLCI in the bridge group. However, incoming
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
bridge packets received from one DLCI are not retransmitted out the
other DLCIs in the same bridge group. Any device in the bridge group
must transmit to each DLCI. This requires a fully meshed circuit, mean-
ing each device has a virtual circuit to each other.
Brid g e Ma p / Active
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express 4100/ 4110 will bridge
packets to and from this DLCI. Bridge packets are any packets that
are not IP or IPX packets except when the router is turned off, in
which case that particular router ’s protocol packets are bridged. A
setting of No means that no bridging will occur.
Brid g e Ma p / Brid g e Gro u p
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The bridge group that this DLCI is part of is specified here as
Group 1 or Group 2. These groups correspond to the spanning tree
protocols Bridge Group 1 and Bridge Group 2.
DLCI Ma p p in g / Filte rs
The Express 4100/ 4110 can block packets in and out of a PVC port by use
of the filters. They are set up in two steps: 1) define the types of packets
that would be of interest in the Configuration/Security/Filter Defines
menu, and 2) set up the filter type and combination of defines that will
cause a packet block.
Filte rs/ In fro m PVC
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which come into the Express 4100/ 4110 via this PVC
can be filtered in three ways:
Disa b le d (def)
Turns off packet input filtering. No
incoming packets from this PVC are
blocked.
Blo ck All
All incoming packets from this PVC
are blocked except as defined in the
Filte rs/ In Ex ce p tio n s list.
Fo rw a rd All
All incoming packets from this PVC
are not blocked except as defined in
the Filte rs/ In Ex ce p tio n s list.
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
Filte rs/ In Ex ce p tio n s
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries which can be combined using
the operations field. The operations are performed in the order they
appear on the list.
Active
Turns this entry active when set to
O n .
Ty p e
Selects the filter define list to refer-
ence:
MAC
from the Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu -
rity / Filte r De fin e s/ MAC Filte r
De fin e s list.
Pa tte rn
from the Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu -
rity / Filte r De fin e s/ Pa tte rn Fil-
te r De fin e s list.
IP
from the Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu -
rity / Filte r De fin e s/ IP Filte r
De fin e s list.
IPX
from the Co n fig u ra tio n / Se cu -
rity / Filte r De fin e s/ IPX Filte r
De fin e s list.
Filte r List N a m e
N e x t O p e r
Selects between filters defined in the
list.
The next operation to use to com-
bine with the next filter in the list:
EN D
the last filter to combination.
AN D
logically AND this filter with the
next filter in the list.
O R
logically OR this filter with the next
filter in the list.
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
Filte rs/ O u t to PVC
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which transmit out this PVC from the Express 4100/
4110 can be filtered in three ways:
Disa b le d (def)
Turns off packet output filter-
ing. No outgoing packets to
this PVC are blocked.
Blo ck All
All outgoing packets to this
PVC are blocked except as
defined in the Filte rs/ O u t
Ex ce p tio n s list.
Fo rw a rd All
All outgoing packets to this
PVC are not blocked except
as defined in the Filte rs/
O u t Ex ce p tio n s list.
Filte rs/ O u t Ex ce p tio n s
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same
as the Filter/In Exceptions list.
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
Sta tu s/ Se ssio n s
Figure F-2 shows the Status/ Sessions menu that appears when using the
Frame Relay firmware. The additional menu choices available with this
option are described following the figure.
Fig u re F-2 . Sta tu s/ Se ssio n s Scre e n (w ith Fra m e Re la y )
Se ssio n s/ PPP Se ssio n
Read security: 5
This menu reflects the results of PPP negotiations, user name, time con-
nected, and data rates for the session.
PPP Lin k s
BCP
Reflects LCP layer active
Shows UP if PPP Bridge
Control Protocol has negoti-
ated successfully
IPCP
Shows UP if PPP IP Control
Protocol has negotiated
successfully
F-10
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
IPXCP
Shows UP if PPP IPX Control
Protocol has negotiated suc-
cessfully
Use r
Displays the user name of
the PPP peer
N u m b e r(s)
Shows the phone number
dialed if outgoing call or
caller ID if incoming call.
Co n n e ct Tim e
Shows the date and time
when the call last con-
nected.
Up Tim e
Tx Pk ts
Displays how long the call
has been connected.
Number of packets transmit-
ted
Rx Pk ts
Tx By te s
Rx By te s
Tx Ra te
Number of packets received
Number of bytes transmitted
Number of bytes received
Current application data
transmission rate
Rx Ra te
Current application data
reception rate
Tx Lin k Ra te
Rx Lin k Ra te
Current actual data trans-
mission rate
Current actual data recep-
tion rate
Se ssio n s/ DLCI Ta b le
The status of all virtual circuits is displayed here.
DLCI
Sta te
The DLCI that is associated
with this virtual circuit.
The state of the virtual cir-
cuit:
In a ctive
means the circuit exists but
has been deactivated by
the Frame Relay switch.
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
Ex ists
means the circuit exists at
this point and should be
activated soon.
Active
O ff
means the circuit is fully
active.
means the circuit has been
turned of by the DLCI map-
ping active selection.
Tx Fra m e s
Rx Fra m e s
Tx By te s
Number of Frame Relay
packets that have been
transmitted via this DLCI.
Number of Frame Relay
packets that have been
received via this DLCI.
Number of Frame Relay
bytes that have been trans-
mitted via this DLCI.
Rx By te s
IP Su b Ifc
Number of Frame Relay
bytes that have been
received via this DLCI.
The IP router port assigned
for this DLCI. Possible
ports are fr0, fr1, … , fr9.
None means that this DLCI
not used for routing IP.
IPX Su b Ifc
The IPX router port assigned
for this DLCI. Possible ports
are fr0, fr1, … , fr9. None
means that this DLCI not
used for routing IPX.
Brid g e Gro u p
The bridge group that this
DLCI belongs to (Group 1
or Group 2). None means
that this DLCI is not used for
bridging.
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Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
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Glossary
10Base2
IEEE 802.3 specification, similar to Ethernet, using thin coaxial cable that runs at 10
Mbps, with a maximum distance of 185 meters per segment. Also known as Thin
Ethernet or Thinwire Ethernet.
10BaseT
IEEE 802.3 specification, using unshielded twisted-pair cabling and running at 10
Mbps.
AEP
AppleTalk Echo Protocol. Allows a node on an AppleTalk network to send a packet
to another node and in return, receive an echoed copy of the packet.
B-Channel
64 kbps bearer channel used for voice, circuit, or packet switched data.
bearer service
As defined by CCITT standards, a type of telecommunication service that provides the
capability for the transmission of information between user-to-network interfaces.
Bearer services defined for ISDN are circuit mode and packet mode.
BOOTP
Bridge
The Bootstrap Protocol allows a network node to determine certain startup informa-
tion such as its IP address.
A data communications device that connects two or more networks. A bridge stores
and forwards complete packets between the networks. Bridges operate at the data-
link layer of the OSI model.
CCITT
Consultative Committee on International Telephony and Telegraphy. A body of the
International Telegraph Union (ITU) which prepares recommendations, commonly re-
ferred to as international standards, to resolve technical telegraph and telephone prob-
lems.
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Glossary
central office (CO)
In telephony, the phone company switching facility or center, usually a Class 5 end of-
fice, at which subscribers local loops terminate. Handles a specific geographic area,
identified by the first three digits of the local telephone number. Usually the facilities
of the local BOC.
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect. A channel access mechanism where
devices check the channel for a carrier before transmitting. If no carrier is sensed for
the specified period of time, the device can transmit. If two devices transmit at once, a
collision occurs and is detected by all colliding devices. This collision subsequently de-
lays their retransmissions for a random length of time. CSMA/ CD is used by Ethernet
and IEEE 802.3.
D-channel
The ISDN channel that carriers signalling information to control the call setup, tear-
down, or invocation of supplementary services. The D-Channel may also be used to
provide packet mode data service.
DDS
Dataphone Digital Service. AT&T private line service for transmitting data over a dig-
ital system. The digital transmission system transmits electrical signals directly, in-
stead of translating the signals into tones of varied frequencies as with traditional
analog transmission systems. Digital techniques provide more efficient use of trans-
mission facilities, resulting in lower error rates and costs than analog systems.
digital hub
Designated office where DDS channels are interconnected and where synchronous net-
work timing, testing access, and additional service features are provided.
Ethernet
A local area network used for connecting computers, printers, workstations, a termi-
nals, servers, etc., within the same building or campus. Ethernet operates over twisted
wire and coaxial cable at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Ethernet specifies a CSMA/ CD.
four-wire circuits
Telephone lines using two wires for transmitting and two wires for receiving, offering
much higher quality than a 2-wire circuit. All long distance circuits are 4-wire. Almost
all local phone lines and analog phones are 2-wire.
group 4
A high-speed (56 kbps) facsimile protocol specific to ISDN.
hop count
A routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a destination. Par-
ticularly used by RIP.
hub
(1) Communications center, (2) Major routing station for connecting channels, (3) DDS
connecting center.
Glossary-2
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Glossary
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Professional organization that defines
network standards. IEEE LAN standards are the predominant LAN standards today
and include protocols similar or virtually equivalent to Ethernet and Token Ring.
IEEE 802.1d
An algorithm used to prevent bridging loops by creating a spanning tree.
IEEE 802.2
An IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the LLC sublayer of the
data link layer. It handles errors, framing, flow control, network layer (Layer 3) service
interface, and is used in LANs.
IEEE 802.3
A physical layer standard specifying a linear bus network LAN with a CSMA/ CD ac-
cess method on a bus topology. Ethernet follows the 802.3 standard, transmitting at 10
megabits per second. This is the most common local area network specification. Phys-
ical variations of IEEE 802.3 include 10Base2 and 10BaseT.
in-band signalling
Signalling made up of tones which pass within the voice frequency band and are car-
ried along the same circuit as the talk path being established by the signals. Virtually
all signalling (request for service, dialing, disconnect, etc.) in the U.S. is in-band signal-
ling. Most of that signalling is MF (Multi-Frequency) dialing. The more modern form
of signalling is out-of-band.
interexchange carrier
Since divestiture, any carrier registered with the FCC authorized to carry customer
transmissions between LATAs interstate, or if approved by a state public utility com-
mission, intrastate. Includes carriers such as AT&T Communications, Satellite Busi-
ness Systems, GTE Telenet, GTE Sprint, and MCI.
information element
The name for the data fields within an ISDN Layer 3 message.
interworking
Communication between two types of networks or end equipment. This may or may
not involve a difference in signalling or protocol elements supported.
Internet Protocol
A TCP/ IP protocol describing software that tracks the Internet address of nodes,
routes outgoing message, and recognizes incoming messages. Used in gateways to
connect networks at OSI network Level 3 and above.
IPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange. A Novell NetWare protocol used to move information
across networks.
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. A network architecture that enables end-to-end
digital connections. The network supports diverse services through integrated access
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Glossary
arrangements and defines a limited set of standard, multipurpose interfaces for equip-
ment vendors, network providers, and customers. Interworking with a public
switched telephone network is retained.
jabber
jitter
An error condition in which a network device continually transmits garbage onto the
network. In IEEE 802.3, a data packet whose length exceeds that prescribed in the stan-
dard.
The slight movement of a transmission signal in time or phase that can introduce errors
and loss of synchronization for high-speed synchronous communications. See phase
jitter.
LATA
Local Access and Transport Area. One of 161 local telephone serving areas in the Unit-
ed States, generally encompassing the largest standard statistical metropolitan areas.
Subdivisions established as a result of the AT&T divestiture that now distinguish local
from long distance service. Circuits with both end-points within the LATA (intraLA-
TA) are generally the sole responsibility of the local telephone company, while circuits
that cross outside the LATA (interLATA) are passed on to an interexchange carrier.
loopback
A diagnostic procedure where data is sent to the device being tested, and the output of
the device is fed directly back to its input, looped around, and the returning data is
checked against that which was sent.
Media Access Control (MAC)
As defined by the IEEE, the lower of the two sublayers of the OSI reference model data
link layer. The MAC sublayer is concerned with media access issues, such as whether
token passing or contention is used.
message
The Layer 3 information that is passed between the CPE and SPCS for signalling.
multipoint line
A communications line having multiple cable access points.
Name Binding Protocol (NBP)
The AppleTalk transport-level protocol that translates a character string name into the
internet address of the corresponding socket client; NBP enables AppleTalk protocols
to understand user-defined zones and device names by providing and maintaining
translation tables that map these names to corresponding socket addresses.
NAT
Network Address Translation occurs at the borders of stub domains. Its purpose is to
translate the IP address of passing packets by changing all references of one IP address
to another. Translation is performed as per RFC 1631.
Glossary-4
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Glossary
netmask
A 32-bit bit mask which shows how an Internet address is to be divided into network,
subnet, and host parts. The netmask has ones in the bit positions in the 32-bit address
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts, and zeros for the host part. The
mask should contain at least the standard network portion (as determined by the ad-
dress's class), and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network portion.
non-ISDN line
Any connection from a CPE to a SPCS that is not served by D-Channel signalling.
non-ISDN trunk
Any trunk not served by either SS7 or D-Channel signalling.
NT1
Network Termination 1. A unit that provides physical and electromagnetic termina-
tion of the U-interface 2-wire transmission line, converts between Layer 1 formats used
at the U- and T- reference points, and performs some maintenance functions.
phase jitter
In telephony, the measurement in degrees out-of-phase that an analog signal deviates
from the reference phase of the main data-carrying signal. Often caused by alternating
current components in a telecommunications network.
point-to-point protocol (PPP)
An implementation of TCP/ IP which is intended for transmission using telephone
lines. PPP provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections over both syn-
chronous and asynchronous circuits.
poison routes
Routes which have an infinite metric which to other routers means the network for the
route is inaccessible.
PRA
RIP
Primary Rate Access. Connects high-capacity CPE, such as PBXs, to the network. In
the US, this is composed of twenty-three 64 kbps channels and one 64 kbps D-channel.
Also known as Primary Rate Interface (PRI).
Routing Information Protocol. A protocol used to exchange routing information
among a set of computers connected by a LAN. RIP uses hop counts as a routing met-
ric.
router
An interface which finds the best route between two networks. Routers forward pack-
ets from one network to another, based on network layer information.
routing metric
The method by which a routing algorithm determines one route is better than another.
This information is stored in routing tables. Such tables include reliability, delay band-
width, load, MTUs, communication costs, and hop count.
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RS-232-C
An EIA-specified physical interface with associated electrical signalling between DCE
and DTE. The most commonly employed interface between computer devices and mo-
dems.
RTMP
Routing Table Maintenance Protocol. The AppleTalk protocol used to establish and
maintain the routing information that is required by internet routers in order to route
datagrams from any source socket to any destination socket in the internet. Using RT-
MP, internet routers dynamically maintain routing tables to reflect changes in internet
topology.
service advertising protocol (SAP)
An IPX protocol through which network resources such as servers become known to
clients.
serving area
Region surrounding a broadcasting station where signal strength is at or above a stated
minimum. The geographic area handled by a telephone central office facility. Gener-
ally equivalent to a LATA.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP provides a means to monitor and set
network configuration and runtime parameters.
spanning tree
A loop-free subset of the topology of a network.
SPCS
Stored Program Controlled Switch. A digital switch that supports call control, routing,
and supplementary services provision under software control. All ISDN switches are
SPCSs.
spoofing
Spoofing reduces the required bandwidth by having devices, such as bridges or rout-
ers, answer for the remote devices. This causes the remote LAN to appear as if it is still
connected to the LAN device even though it is not. The spoofing saves the WAN band-
width, because no packet is ever sent out on the WAN.
synchronous
(1) The condition occurring when two events happen in a specific time relationship
with each other, both under control of a master clock; (2) A method of data transmis-
sion requiring the transmission of timing pulses to keep the sender and receiver syn-
chronized in their communication used to send blocks of information. Synchronous
data transmission is used in high speed data circuits because there is less overhead than
asynchronous transmission of characters which contain two extra bits per character to
effect timing.
Glossary-6
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Glossary
T1
Also T-1. A digital transmission link with a capacity of 1.544 Mbps. T1 uses two pairs
of normal twisted wires. T1 normally can handle 24 voice conversations with each
conversation being digitized at 64 kbps. With more advanced digital voice encoding
techniques, it can handle more voice channels. T1 is a standard for digital transmission
in North America.
TA
Terminal Adaptor. A DCE that connects to the ISDN S-Interface and enables non-
ISDN terminal equipment to communicate over the ISDN.
TE1
Terminal Equipment Type 1. ISDN-compatible terminals.
Telnet
The TCP/ IP standard protocol for remote terminal connection service. Telnet allows
a user at one site to interact with a remote timesharing system at another site as if the
user's terminal were connected directly to the remote machine.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. A set of protocols developed by the
Department of Defense to link dissimilar computers across many kinds of networks.
twisted pair
Two wires twisted around each other to reduce induction (interference) from one wire
to the other. Several sets of twisted pair wires may be enclosed in a single cable. Twist-
ed pair is the normal cabling from a central office to your home or office, or from your
PBX to your office phone. Twisted pair wiring comes in various thicknesses. As a gen-
eral rule, the thicker the cable is, the better the quality of the conversation and the long-
er cable can be and still get acceptable conversation quality. However, the thicker it is,
the more it costs.
2B+D
The Basic Rate Interface (BRI) in ISDN. A single ISDN circuit divided into two 64 kbps
digital channels for voice or data and one 16 kbps channel for low speed data (up to
9,600 baud) and signalling. 2B+D is carried on one or two pairs of wires depending
on the interface, the same wire pairs that today bring a single voice circuit into your
home or office. See ISDN.
23B+D
In ISDN, also known as the Primary Rate Interface. A circuit with a wide range of fre-
quencies that is divided in twenty-three 64 kbps paths for carrying voice, data, video,
or other information simultaneously. It bears a remarkable similarity to today’s T1
link, except that T1 carries 24 voice channels. In ISDN, 23B+D gives twenty-three
channels and one D channel for out-of-band signalling. However, in T1, signalling is
handled in-band. See ISDN.
two-wire circuit
A transmission circuit composed of two wires, signal and ground, used to both send
and receive information. In contrast, a 4-wire circuit consists of two pairs. One pair
is used to send and one pair is used to receive. All trunk circuits (long distance) are
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Glossary
4-wire. A 4-wire circuit delivers better reception, but also costs more. All local loop
circuits (those coming from a Class 5 central office to the subscriber’s phone system)
are 2-wire, unless a 4-wire circuit is requested.
U-interface
A twisted pair subscriber loop that connects the NT1 reference point to the ISDN net-
work, as defined in the I.411 Recommendation. This interface provides Basic Rate Ac-
cess with an operating frequency of 160 kbps and an information rate of 144 kbps.
Under U.S. regulations, this also marks the line of demarcation between customer-
owned equipment and the public network.
ZIP
Zone Information Protocol. The AppleTalk session-layer protocol used to maintain
and discover the internet-wide mapping of network number ranges to zone names.
Zombie Routes
Routes that have been identified by the router to be deleted. They remain in the router’s
route table for a specified amount of time with an infinite metric so that all other routers
will learn of this router’s intention to delete them.
Glossary-8
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Acronyms
AEP........................... AppleTalk Echo Protocol
AMI......................... Alternate Mark Inversion
ARP.........................
B (Ch a n n e l).............. A 64 kbps digital information channel
BCP......................... Bridge Control Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol
BO N DIN G................ Bandwidth On Demand Interoperability Group
BO O TP..................... Bootstrap Protocol
BPDU......................
b p s.........................
Bp s.........................
Bridging Protocol Data Unit
Bits per second
Bytes per second
BRI.......................... Basic Rate Interface
CA........................... Call Appearance
CCP.........................
Compression Control Protocol
CCITT....................... Consultative Committee for International Telegraphy and Telephony
CD........................... Carrier Detect
CPE........................... Customer Premises Equipment
CRC......................... Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSMA/ CD................. Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect
DHCP....................... Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DMS........................ Digital Multiplex Switching
DTE.......................... Data Terminal Equipment
DTMF....................... Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
EKTS........................ Electronic Key Telephone Service
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Acronyms
ESS............................ Electronic Switching System
FAX......................... Facsimile
FEBE........................ Far End Block Errors
FTP..........................
ICMP.......................
File Transfer Protocol
Internet Control Message Protocol
ID............................ Identification
IETF.......................... Internet Engineering Task Force
I/ O .......................... Input/ Output
IP............................
IPCP........................
IPX.........................
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol Control Protocol
Internetwork Packet Exchange
Integrated Injected Logic
2
I L...........................
IEC..........................
ISDN .......................
ISO .........................
ISP..........................
k b p s.......................
Inter-Exchange Carrier
Integrated Services Digital Network
International Standardization Organization
Internet Service Provider
Kilobits per second
k Hz......................... Kilohertz
Local Area Network
LAN ........................
LCP.........................
LDN ........................
MAC.......................
MIB........................
MP.........................
MRU.......................
MRRU.....................
N BP.......................
N EBE......................
N IC........................
N I-1 .......................
N T..........................
PBX........................
PC..........................
Link Control Protocol
Local Directory Number
Media Access Control
Management Information Base
Multilink Protocol
Maximum Receivable Unit
Maximum Receivable Reconstructable Unit
Name Binding Protocol
Near End Block Errors
Network Interface Card
National ISDN-1
Network Termination
Private Branch Exchange
Personal Computer
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Acronyms
PIN G......................
PO TS......................
PPP........................
PRI.........................
RFC........................
RIP.........................
RTMF......................
SAP........................
SN MP.....................
SPCS......................
SPID.......................
TCP.........................
TEI..........................
TFTP........................
UDP........................
WAN ......................
ZIP.........................
Packet InterNet Groper
Plain Old Telephone Service
Point-to-Point Protocol
Primary Rate Interface
Request For Comments
Routing Information Packet, Routing Information Protocol
Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
Service Advertising Protocol
Simple Network Monitoring Protocol
Stored Program Controlled Switching System
Service Profile Identifier
Transmission Control Protocol
Terminal Endpoint Identifier
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
User Datagram Protocol
Wide Area Network
Zone Information Protocol
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Acronyms
Acronyms-4
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Numerics
10-base-T interface D-2
56K 3-50
64K 3-50
authentication/Rx password 3-40
authentication/Rx username 3-39
authentication/Tx method 3-39
A
address table 3-28
address table/aging 3-28
address table/forward policy 3-28
agent C-1, C-2
applications
multiple users to ISP using NAT 1-4
single user to corporate LAN 1-2
single user to ISP using NAT 1-3
SOHO to corporate LAN 1-5
area code 3-11
ARP cache 3-66
audio 3-50
authentication 3-29, 3-37
bandwidth 3-51
bandwidth on demand 1-7
bandwidth/idle timeout 3-51
bandwidth/lower threshold 3-52
bandwidth/max channels 3-52
bandwidth/mode 3-51
with Express L100/L100T as bandwidth/on demand 3-51
authenticatee 3-38 bandwidth/preempt time 3-51
with Express L100/L100T as bandwidth/samples 3-53
authenticator 3-37
authentication/call ID 1 3-40
authentication/call ID 2 3-40
bandwidth/upper threshold 3-52
BAP 1-13, 3-47
basic telephone service 2-2
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baud rate 3-61
communities C-3
bridge 3-45
communities/name 3-59
communities/privilege 3-59
compression 3-48
concurrent routing and bridging 1-9
conferencing calls 2-3
bridge map/active F-7
bridge map/bridge group F-7
bridge menu 1-9, 3-25
bridge table 3-67
bridge/address table 3-28
bridge/mode 3-25, 3-45
bridge/WAN IP bridge 3-26
bridge/WAN IPX bridge 3-26
bridging 1-7
configuration 1-14
configuration menu 3-3, 3-8
configuration/bridge 3-25
configuration/connection list 3-36
configuration/IP 3-15
concurrent routing and bridging 1-9
demand 1-6
C
configuration/IPX 3-22
configuration/management 3-57
configuration/security 3-29
connecting to the internet 1-13
call log 3-75
call log messages B-6
call log/active 3-76
call log/clear 3-76
call log/level 3-76
call log/view 3-76
call log/wrap 3-76
call sessions 3-65
call sessions/session1 and session2 3-65
call sessions/spanning tree 3-66
call type 3-49
ISDN 1-11
LAN 2-1
call waiting 2-3
telephone 2-2
caller ID 3-40
channel rate 3-12
connection list 1-7, 1-9, 3-29, 3-36
connection list profile
CHAP 3-31, 3-39
deleting 3-37, F-3
clock mode 3-12
inserting 3-36
command line interface E-1
command prompt mode 3-61
commands E-4
connection list/active 3-37
connection list/authentication 3-37
connection list/bandwidth 3-51
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connection list/bridge 3-45
connection list/description 3-37
connection list/dial out 3-49
connection list/filters 3-53
connection list/IP 3-40
connection list/IPX 3-44
connection list/PPP 3-47
connection list/probe 3-46
connector pinouts D-1
corporate LAN Quick Start-3, 1-2, 1-5
customer premises wiring 2-3
D
dial out/number 2 3-49
dial self 3-73
dial/channels 3-63
dial/dial 3-62
DLCI mapping F-2
DLCI mapping/IP map F-4
DLCI table F-11
data bits 3-61
default gateway 3-16
demand bridging 1-6
demand dial filters 3-55
demand routing 1-6
DHCP mode 3-18
dial 1-9
dial line 3-10
dial line/area code 3-11
dial line/ExpertISDN 3-11
dial line/LDN 1 or 2 3-12
dial line/SPID 1 3-11
dial line/switch protocol 3-11
dial menu 3-3, 3-62
DNS server 3-19
DNS/server 2 3-19
domain name 3-19
dial out 3-49
DTMF keypad 2-2
E
dial out/attempts 3-51
dial out/call type 3-49
dial out/connection timeout 3-50
dial out/delay 3-50
dial out/initial channels 3-51
dial out/number 1 3-49
EAP 3-31, 3-39
echo request 3-73
EIA-232 interface D-1
embedded agent C-2
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Index
environmental specifications 5-2
Ethernet interface D-2
Ethernet interface (LAN) 5-1
ExpertISDN Quick Start-2, 2-2, 3-11
Express L100/L100T
frame relay/polling frequency F-2
front panel 1-10
GetNextRequest C-2
overview 1-1
F
factory default 1-6
features 5-1
FEBE 3-13
filter
idle timeout 1-7
filter defines 3-32
if you are unable to connect calls 4-6
filter defines /IP filter defines 3-33
filter defines /IPX filter defines 3-34
filter defines /MAC filter defines 3-32
filter defines /pattern filter defines 3-33
filters F-7
LAN 1-10
setting up 3-53
WAN 1-10
filters/demand dial 3-55
filters/in exceptions 3-54, F-8
filters/In from PVC F-7
filters/LAN-to-WAN (out) 3-55
filters/Out to PVC F-9
filters/WAN-to-LAN (in) 3-53
firmware F-1
firmware revision 3-9
flash-hook 2-3
frame relay F-1, F-10
frame relay/DLCI mapping F-2
frame relay/maintenance protocol F-2
installation 2-1
Ethernet 5-1
network 5-1
POTS (dual) 5-1
connecting to 1-13
internet access
using NAT Quick Start-2
internet service provider
connecting Quick Start-2
interoperability 1-13
IP filter defines 3-33
IP map/active F-4
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IP map/far-end IP address F-4
IP map/IARP F-4
IPX routes 3-68
IP map/NAT F-5
IP map/RIP direction F-5
IP map/RIP method F-5
IP map/RIP protocol F-5
IP menu 3-15
IP router 1-6, 3-17
IP router/mode 3-17
IP routes 3-67
IPX servers 3-69
IPX/network 3-22
IPX/remote network 3-44
IPX/retain 3-44
IPX/RIP timer 3-24
IPX/SAP timer 3-24
IPX/seed status 3-23
IPX/triggered 3-44
IPX/type 20 packets 3-45
IP routing 1-8
IP stats 3-71
IP/default gateway 3-16
IP/DNS 3-19
IP/IP address 3-15
IP/IP router 3-17
ordering 1-13
overview 1-1
IP/mode 3-40
IP/NAT 3-18, 3-40
IP/proxy ARP 3-21
IP/RIP 3-17, 3-42
IP/route 3-41
IP/static routes 3-16
IP/subnet mask 3-15
IP/UDP relay 3-19
IPX filter defines 3-34
IPX map/active F-6
IPX map/IARP F-6
IPX map/link network F-6
IPX menu 3-22
selecting mode 3-10
ISDN/FEBEs 3-13
ISDN/leased line 3-12
LAN bridge 1-5
LAN connection 2-1
LAN indicators 1-10
LAN stats 3-70
IPX protocol Quick Start-5
IPX router 1-6
LDN 3-12
leased line 3-12
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leased line/channel rate 3-12
leased line/clock mode 3-12
LEDs 1-11
log messages B-1
logs menu 3-3, 3-74
logs/call log 3-75
logs/network log 3-76
logs/PPP log 3-75
logs/sys log host 3-75
loop status messages A-1
LUCENT 5ESS 3-11
M
multilink/BACP 3-47
multilink/fragment 3-47
multilink/mode 3-47
NAT 1-3, 1-4, 1-6, 3-18, 3-19
NAT/DHCP mode 3-18
NAT/DHCP renewal time 3-18
NAT/web server 3-19
MAC addresses 1-5
MAC bridging 1-6
network connection
MAC filter defines 3-32
maint port/baud rate 3-61
maint port/data bits 3-61
maint port/parity 3-61
maint port/password 3-60
maint port/password protect 3-60
maint port/stop bits 3-61
maintenance port 3-60
maintenance protocol F-2
management 3-57
management/maint port 3-60
management/SNMP 3-59
menu commands E-1
menu structure 3-1
GetResponse C-2
network interface 5-1
network log 3-76
network log messages B-17
network log/active 3-76
network log/view 3-77
network log/wrap 3-76
network manager C-1
GetRequest C-2
MIB 3-57, C-1
none 3-18
mode 1-8
Novell 1-9
multilink 3-47
IPX protocol Quick Start-5
multilink call 1-7
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O
PPP/multilink 3-47
ordering ISDN 1-13
P
packets
filtering 3-32
PAP 3-31, 3-39
probe/ update window 3-46
parity 3-61
probe/interval 3-46
proxy ARP 3-21
quick startup guide Quick Start-1
password 3-58, 3-60
pattern filter defines 3-33
physical specifications 5-3
ping 3-78
poison reverse 3-17, 3-43
polling frequency F-2
POTS 1-6, 3-13
radius 3-29, 3-58
radius server 3-30
radius server/retry count 3-31
radius server/secondary server 3-30
POTS/NI-1 conference FI 3-13
POTS/NI-1 transfer FI 3-13
POTS/POTS assignment 3-13
POTS/speech calltype routing 3-14
power requirements 5-3
PPP 1-13, 3-31, 3-47
PPP log 3-75
PPP log messages B-1
PPP log/active 3-75
PPP log/clear 3-75
PPP log/level 3-75
PPP log/view 3-75
PPP log/wrap 3-75
PPP peer 3-19
remote/home office
Start-3
RIP timer 3-24
RIP/direction 3-18, 3-43
RIP/method 3-17, 3-43
RIP/mode 3-17, 3-42
RIP/protocol 3-17, 3-42
RIP/retain 3-43
PPP/compression 3-48
PPP/max config 3-48
PPP/max failure 3-49
PPP/max timer 3-48
RIP/triggered 3-43
RIP/V2 secret 3-18
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Index
RJ-11 interface D-2
RJ-49C interface D-1
route/force IP 3-42
route/hops 3-42
sessions/PPP session F-10
sessions/spanning tree F-13
route/IP/net 3-41
route/netmask 3-41
route/private 3-42
route/static route 3-41
routing
slave mode 3-12
SNMP 3-59, C-1
SNMP/communities 3-59
concurrent routing and bridging 1-9
demand 1-6
IP 1-8
spanning tree 3-66, F-13
IPX 1-9
multiprotocol Quick Start-3
over PPP bridging 1-9
Rx only 3-18
environmental 5-2
S
split horizon 3-17, 3-43
static route 1-8
samples/sample rate 3-53
samples/samples 3-53
samples/time between changes 3-53
SAP 1-6, 1-9
SAP timer 3-24
security 1-14
security levels 3-7
security menu 3-29
security/authentication 3-29
security/filter defines 3-32
security/PPP 3-31
security/radius server 3-30
security/when 3-30
seed status 3-23
static routes/gateway 3-16
static routes/IP address 3-16
static routes/private 3-17
status menu 3-3, 3-64
status/ARP cache 3-66
status/bridge table 3-67
status/call sessions 3-65
status/IP routes 3-67
status/IP stats 3-71
self test
if self test fails 4-1
status/IPX routes 3-68
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status/IPX servers 3-69
status/LAN stats 3-70
status/sessions F-10
status/sessions screen F-10
status/WAN stats 3-70
stop bits 3-61
traps/manager IP 3-60
traps/manager name 3-60
if self test fails 4-1
subnet mask 3-15
supplementary services 2-2
switch compatibility 5-1
switch protocol 3-11
system contact 3-9
system info menu 3-8
system location 3-9
system mame 3-8
read ready 4-1
if you are unable to connect calls 4-6
Tx and Rx 3-18
type 20 packets 3-45
system uptime 3-9
T
UDP port type 3-20
telephone connection 2-2
Telnet 1-14, 3-57
UDP relay 3-19
UDP relay list 3-20
Telnet client 3-79
UDP relay/UDP relay list 3-20
Telnet/server access 3-58
Telnet/user list 3-58
terminal menu
navigating 3-4
structure 3-1
top level 3-2
upgrade/filename 3-79
user list 3-58
user list/authen method 3-58
user list/idle time 3-58
user list/level 3-59
terminal mode 3-61
test indicators 1-10
test menu 3-3, 3-73
test menu/dial self 3-73
test menu/echo request 3-73
transfer methods 3-79
trap C-2
user list/name 3-58
user list/password 3-58
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Index
using keyboard to navigate menu 3-5
utilities menu 3-3, 3-78
utilities/exit 3-80
WAN IPX bridge/frame type 3-27
WAN IPX bridge/triggered 3-27
WAN menu 3-10
utilities/ping 3-78
utilities/Telnet client 3-79
utilities/upgrade menu 3-79
V
VJ compression 3-48
W
WAN stats 3-70
WAN/ISDN 3-10
WAN indicators 1-10
WAN IP bridge 3-26
WAN IP bridge proxy ARP 3-26
WAN IP bridge/netmask 3-26
WAN IP bridge/network 3-26
WAN/POTS 3-13
wiring 2-3, 2-4, 2-5
X
xmodem 3-79
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Product Support Information
Presales Inquiries and Applications Support
Please contact your local distributor, ADTRAN Applications Engineering, or
ADTRAN Sales:
Applications Engineering
Sales
(800) 615-1176
(800) 827-0807
Post-Sale Support
Please contact your local distributor first. If your local distributor cannot help,
please contact ADTRAN Technical Support and have the unit serial number
available.
Technical Support
(888) 4ADTRAN
Repair and Return
If ADTRAN Technical Support determines that a repair is needed, Technical
Support will coordinate with the Customer and Product Service (CAPS) de-
partment to issue an RMA number. For information regarding equipment
currently in house or possible fees associated with repair, contact CAPS direct-
ly at the following number:
(256) 963-8722
CAPS Department
Identify the RMA number clearly on the package (below address), and return
to the following address:
ADTRAN Customer and Product Service
6767 Old Madison Pike
Progress Center
Building #6 Suite 690
Huntsville, Alabama 35807
RMA # _____________
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