Kerio Tech Network Monitor User Manual

User’s Guide

Kerio Technologies

Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Quick Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Technical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.1 Kerio Network Monitor Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.2 How does Kerio Network Monitor work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.3 Technical Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.1 Upgrade and Uninstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4.2 Importing the License Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Program Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5.1 Logging in the Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5.2 Controlling the Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.3 Initial Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6.1 IP Addresses Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6.2 Monitored Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

6.3 User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6.4 Log Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

6.5 Protocol Monitoring Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

6.6 WWW Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

6.7 Additional Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

7.1 List of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

7.2 Traﬃc chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

7.3 Current Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

7.4 Tree of Scanned Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

7.5 Status Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

7.6 Transferred Data Volume Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

7.7 Log Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

8.1 Connection to the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

8.2 Page Main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

8.3 Page Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

8.4 Page Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

8.5 Page Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

8.6 Page Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

8.7 Integration of the WWW Interface into the Company Website . . . . . . . . . . 61

Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Chapter 1

Introduction

Kerio Network Monitor is a small, though powerful tool for online monitoring of network

traﬃc. It oﬀers a whole set of choices which activities and events can be monitored.

Line load chart The online display of the Internet connection load (incoming and out-

going traﬃc) in the time range from 1 minute and 1 year. The average transfer speeds

are shown for 3 seconds (1 minute graph) up to for 3 days intervals (for 1 year graph).

Both the total traﬃc and the traﬃc for particular users (workstations in the network)

can be displayed at once. This way, you can quickly ﬁnd out the workstation gener-

ating the biggest load on the Internet connection.

By default, the traﬃc for all available services (e.g. WWW, FTP, TELNET etc.) is dis-

played. Besides, the traﬃc for particular services (predeﬁned or custom — deter-

mined by a protocol and a port number) can be displayed and their traﬃc can be

watched separately. The traﬃc is shown for particular IP addresses which can be

translated into the names of computers (taken from DNS or entered manually).

Total volume of data within a given time period From acquired data you can identi-

fy, who in your network uses the Internet in the most intensive way. It is possible to

create statistics with a day, week or month increments (e.g. the last 2 months with

week increments for all or only some selected computers).

Current connections It is possible to watch a in special window in (almost) real time,

which connections have the particular stations opened. The history of those connec-

tions is recorded in the (Connection Log).

Tree of captured data Kerio Network Monitor is able to store detail data of certain pro-

tocols (e.g. SMTP, POP3, IMAP, HTTP, etc.). The data is displayed as a neat tree, where

it can be sorted according to the stations (IP addresses) or the protocols. Optionally,

it is possible to store also the content of the sent E-mail and the visited WWW pages

(if they are not transferred using encrypted protocols).

Log of visited WWW pages The HTTP Log window records all the captured HTTP re-

quests. The selection of a computer from the list is diﬀerentiated by color all request

generated by this particular station.

E-mail log Window Mail Log stores information about all E-mail messages; both sent via

the SMTP protocol, as well as downloaded via the POP3 or the IMAP (if they were not

Chapter 1 Introduction

transferred using encrypted connections). The sender address, the recipient address

and the size of sent message are stored.

ICQ log Use the ICQ Log dialog to view information on communication through ICQ

and ICQ2Go protocols. ICQ numbers and nicknames of senders and recipients as

well as message body are logged.

Remote access Kerio Network Monitor has separated monitoring service (Daemon) and

the user interface. These two components communicate together via the TCP/IP pro-

tocol. It results in the possibility of watching and conﬁguration not only locally but

also remotely from any other computer.

WWW access Kerio Network Monitor contains embedded WWW server, which enables

viewing and evaluation of the data using a standard WWW browser. It oﬀers major

part of the functions, which are included in the user interface (with exception of the

program conﬁguration).

User accounts When connecting to the service, user name and password are required.

Therefore more users can be connected simultaneously to Kerio Network Monitor

with diﬀerent levels of the access rights (viewing, conﬁguration, administration of

the user accounts, ...).

Export of data The data created by Kerio Network Monitor is possible to be further

processed: the chart can be stored as an image, the statistics for particular time

frame can be stored into the CSV format (can be processed by e.g. Microsoft Excel),

the logs can be processed by an external analyzer (e.g. Kerio Log Analyzer).

How can you use Kerio Network Monitor?

•

you want to have an overview how individual computers in your ﬁrm put load on the

Internet line

you need a basis for charging particular users (computers) for the costs of the Inter-

net connection.

•

you require an audit of your employees’ Internet browsing

you are interested in which WWW pages they visit, which ﬁles they download, who

they send E-mail to...

•

searching for and ﬁnding the solutions to your problems — Kerio Network Monitor

oﬀers you a lot of information about the history of the communication in your net-

work.

Chapter 2

Quick Checklist

This chapter gives you a basic step-by-step guide to quickly set up the important param-

eters of Kerio Network Monitor program so that it can be used immediately. If you are

unsure about any of its steps, look up the chapter dealing with the appropriate prob-

lems.

1. Choose suitable computer in your network and install both components of Kerio

Network Monitor on it (see chapters 4 and 3.3).

2. Log in to the viewer (see chapter 5.1) and choose the adapters, on which the packets

are to be monitored (see chapter 5.3).

3. In the menu Action / Change password set the password for user Admin.

4. If no private IP addresses are used in the local network set appropriate ranges of IP

addresses in the menu Settings / Conﬁguration, the IP addresses tab (see chapter 6.1).

5. If the local network is connected to the Internet via a proxy server, check and, if nec-

essary, adjust the settings for the proxy server in the menu Settings / Conﬁguration,

the IP addresses tab (see chapter 6.1).

6. If an mail server is running in the local network or on the internet gateway, decide

how the amount of transferred mail should be measured and perform the appro-

priate settings the in menu Settings / Conﬁguration, the IP addresses tab (see chap-

ters 3.3 and 6.1).

Chapter 2 Quick Checklist

Chapter 3

Technical Information

3.1 Kerio Network Monitor Components

Kerio Network Monitor consists of two separate components:

Watching service (Daemon) The executive core of the program that captures the pack-

ets and saves the data into a ﬁle on the disk. It runs as a service (in Windows

NT/2000/XP) or as a background application (in Windows 9x/Me).

Viewer It is intended for viewing and analyzing gathered data and conﬁguration of

the service. The communication between the viewer and the Daemon is kept using

the protocols of the TCP/IP standard — thanks to this fact it is possible to connect

not only from local (from the same computer) but also from any other computer in

the local network respectively in the Internet. The detail description is located in

chapter 5.1.

3.2 How does Kerio Network Monitor work?

Packet Monitoring

Kerio Network Monitor Daemon watches the network traﬃc in so called promiscuous

mode (i.e. it can accept also the data that isnot addressed to the computer on which it

is running). It captures all the IP protocol packets from which it extracts the required

information:

Volume of transferred data

In each captured IP packet test of the source and the

target address is performed. If one of these addresses belongs to the local network

and the other to the Internet (it deals with transfer between the local network and

the Internet), the size of the data part of transport protocol (TCP or UDP) is measured

and this ﬁgure is stored. In case that both addresses belong to the local network or

to the Internet, size of the data is not stored.

Program conﬁguration deﬁnes if the IP addresses belong to the local network or to

the Internet — see chapter 6.1.

Note: Various network monitoring tools use diﬀerent methods for measuring of the

volume of transferred data (e.g. whole Ethernet frames, size of the data in IP packets

Chapter 3 Technical Information

including headers, etc.). The information gathered by Kerio Network Monitor can

therefore diﬀer from those acquired by the other tools (the deviation should not

excess 40% — if there is several times higher diﬀerence, it is necessary to look for the

mistake in the network or in the program conﬁguration).

Viewing current connections All captured IP packets are scanned for TCP segments

opening and closing connection (with attributes SYN and FIN). So Kerio Network Mon-

itor has information about all open connections of individual workstations in the net-

work. In similar way information about communication via UDP protocol is displayed.

Because it is datagram-oriented protocol so called pseudo-connections are evaluated

— connection lasts until interval of UDP datagram exchange between source and tar-

get station exceed predeﬁned time (default: 180 seconds).

Monitoring of services Each of the captured IP packets is checked if it contains data

from some of the deﬁned services (see chapter 6.2). In positive case the data is stored.

As an example, we present the transfer of E-mail via the SMTP protocol. If the TCP

connection with the target port 25 is recorded, all packets belonging to this connec-

tion are monitored and from them E-mail address of the sender and the recipient of

the message, eventually the content of the message can be reconstructed.

Conﬁguration File

Kerio Network Monitor conﬁguration information is stored in the NetMon2.cfg ﬁle. This

ﬁle is saved under the directory where Kerio Network Monitor is installed (typically

C:\Program Files\Kerio\Network Monitor). Simply copy this ﬁle to backup your

settings.

Warning: Stop Kerio Network Monitor Daemon before taking any action with the conﬁg-

uration ﬁle (refer to chapter 5.2)!

Data Storage

The measured data is stored in binary ﬁles on the disk. In the data folder (by default the

same, where Kerio Network Monitor is installed), the following subfolders are created:

•

high — data with high resolution (sampling rate 3 seconds)

low — data with low resolution (sampling rate 1 hour)

In these folders are created another subfolders according to the IP addresses of individ-

ual computers in the local network and in them are stored the ﬁles with the acquired

3.2 How does Kerio Network Monitor work?

data (the high resolution data — one ﬁle per day, the low resolution data — one ﬁle per

28 days).

Then there are created the following subfolders:

•

browse — the information about the captured objects of the monitored services

(URLs of web pages, E-mail addresses, FTP relations, etc.)

•

captured — captured objects (e.g. captured WWW pages, E-mail messages, etc.)

logs — ﬁles with the logs (see chapter 7.7)

debug — the data stored for detail monitoring of particular service (see chapter 6.2)

The folder structure for storing the data is rather ﬂexible because it enables e.g.

•

merging of the data with other data (if it deals with two mutually exclusive time

periods)

•

deleting the logs for a particular computer (IP address)

deleting the data of a particular service (e.g. WWW).

Before performing operations of this type, it is necessary to stop Kerio Network Monitor

Daemon (see chapter 5.2).

Data Storage Folder Modiﬁcation

In case you need to change the folder for storing the measured and captured data and

the log ﬁles (so that they are for example stored to the diﬀerent disk), it is possible to

carry it out by modifying appropriate parameter in the conﬁguration ﬁle.

First of all it is necessary to stop the Network Monitor Daemon service (see chapter 5.2).

Then open in any editor (e.g. Notepad) the ﬁle NetMon2.cfg (the Conﬁguration File

section). The data folder is written in the main_dir parameter. For technical reasons

the backslashes must be doubled in the path name — the path to the chosen data folder

can look like this:

main_dir = "d:\\netmon_data"

The change of the data folder is best to perform immediately after the Kerio Network

Monitor program installation, when there are not yet any measured real data. If you

are changing the folder after some time of using the program, it is necessary to copy

(respectively move) to the new location the folders with the acquired data and the logs,

i.e. browse, captured, debug, high, logs, low a www.

Chapter 3 Technical Information

Warning: Subfolder license must remain in the same folder as the program ﬁles (i.e.

where was Kerio Network Monitor originally installed)!

After changing the folder and possible copying the measured data you can again run

Network Monitor Daemon.

3.3 Technical Limitations

The principle how Kerio Network Monitor works implies some small limitations. They

are to be kept in mind especially when choosing the computer for installation of Kerio

Network Monitor

Network Components and Network Topology

If your network contains switch (switching hub), keep in mind that it does not send all

the data to all its ports! But Kerio Network Monitor requires all the data to be present in

the segment, which is “his”computer connected to.

There are several solutions:

•

install Kerio Network Monitor directly on the computer, which is connected to the

Internet. This solution is recommended always when on the internet gateway runs

Windows type operating system. (Kerio Network Monitor then must be set up for

monitoring on the “inner” network adapters — see chapter 6.1).

•

some types of switches can be conﬁgured so that they send all data to one (so called

monitoring) port. The station, which Kerio Network Monitor Daemon runs on, can be

connected to this port.

insert small hub between the switch and the internet gateway (3 ports are enough —

one for the switch, the second for the internet gateway and the third to the computer,

where Kerio Network Monitor Daemon runs).

If the network is divided by the router to more IP segments Kerio Network Monitor Dae-

mon must be installed on computer in the same segment as the internet gateway.

If the network has more segments and each of them is connected directly to the internet

gateway Kerio Network Monitor must be installed directly on the gateway. In the other

case it will monitor only the data in the segment which it is connected to.

E-mail

The natural requirement of the network administrator is also to monitor the volume of

the data transferred via electronic mail (E-mail) and accepted by the local mail server.

3.3 Technical Limitations

The most common case is the situation when the mail server runs on the computer that

is also the internet gateway. Kerio Network Monitor then “sees” only the local communi-

cation of the clients with the mail server. In the default conﬁguration of Kerio Network

Monitor are created rules, which consider this communication to be the Internet com-

munication (so that the volume of the data is measured. It is necessary to keep in mind

that the volume of the date is measured also when the users are sending mail locally to

each other.

If the mail server runs on another (“inner”) computer, Kerio Network Monitor records E-

mail communication outside of the local network twice: when the client communicates

with the mail server in the Internet. Then it is useful to change predeﬁned rules for the

SMTP, POP3 and IMAP services so that the rules are valid only for IP address of the mail

server — e.g.:

<192.168.1.10> <255.255.255.255> TCP25 on Internet

and add the rules for ignoring any other mail communication — e.g.:

<all addresses> <all addresses> TCP25 discard packet

These rules must be in the list of the rules lower than the rules for particular mail server.

Detail description can be found in chapter 6.1

Proxy Server

Similarly as in the case of the mail server located on the computer, which is the internet

gateway, raises the problem with monitoring the communication of the clients with the

proxy server, when the data is taken from its case — also this data will be evaluated as

downloaded from the Internet.

This problem can be avoided only by switching of the cache, which can be unpleasant

under some conditions.

Encrypted Connection

Data encrypted by any protocol cannot be analyzed by Kerio Network Monitor. Only size

of transferred data can be monitored in such cases.

Chapter 3 Technical Information

Chapter 4

Installation

Kerio Network Monitor can be installed on any computer in your local network running

Windows 95 OSR2, 98, Me, NT 4.0, 2000 or XP operating system. Older versions are not

supported.

Installation is performed by running the installation archive e.g.:

kerio-netmon-2.10-en-win.exe

During the installation, the user can choose, which components of Kerio Network Monitor

are to be installed:

NetMon Daemon Monitoring service (Daemon). It must be installed on the computer,

where you want to monitor the communication (typically e.g. on the Internet gate-

way).

Note: License conditions allow to install the monitoring service only on one computer.

If you want perform monitoring in more places, appropriate number of Kerio Network

Monitor licenses must be purchased.

Chapter 4 Installation

NetMon Application Viewer. It can be installed on any number of computers, where

you will connect to the service from.

Note: We recommend to install the viewer also on the computer, where will be the

monitoring service (Daemon) installed (to allow local connection in case of any prob-

lems with the network; in the case of Windows 9x/Me it is the only way how to stop

and start the service — see chapter 5.2).

The Daemon is started automatically (there is no need to restart the computer) after

installation. From now on it is possible to log in to the viewer (see chapter 5.1).

4.1 Upgrade and Uninstallation

If you would like to upgrade Kerio Network Monitor or uninstall the program, you must

stop the viewer. Kerio Network Monitor Daemon does not have to be stopped manually,

because the installation program will stop it automatically.

To perform the upgrade procedure run the installation program (can be obtained e.g.

from the Internet pages of its producer — www.kerio.com). The original version needn’t

to be uninstalled. The installation program automatically detects the folder of previous

version and installs in it. After successful upgrade the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon

is started automatically.

Uninstallation of Kerio Network Monitor can be performed by choosing the Add / Remove

Software option in the Control Panels. When uninstalling, the folders and ﬁles within,

in which the scanned data is stored, are not deleted. They must be removed manually

(or can be used for the next installation of Kerio Network Monitor, moved to another

computer, etc.).

Note: If you will forget to stop the viewer or the installation program will be unable to

stop the service, the installation program will require reboot of the computer.

4.2 Importing the License Key

Kerio Network Monitor behaves after installation as fully functional demo version with

time limitation to 15 days from the installation day. On expiration of the time, the

program will stop collecting the data.

On purchase of the product, you will receive the license key — ﬁle with the digital cer-

tiﬁcate license.key. By importing the key, Kerio Network Monitor becomes full version

instead of demo version, and the program can be used on for unlimited time. This pro-

cedure can be preformed also after the 15 day trial period has expired and the program

is not functional. After importing the valid license key, it will work again in full extent.

Import of the license key is performed in the menu About / About.

4.2 Importing the License Key

Pressing the button Import license displays a dialog for opening the ﬁle with the license

(license.key). When it is loaded successfully, the information about current license

will appear in the section License information:

ID Identiﬁer of the license (serves e.g. for veriﬁcation of the license authenticity)

Holder Holder of the license — individual or organization, which bought the product.

Number of users The number of users (i.e. IP addresses of the computers in the local

network, which will be monitored). If this number is reached the next IP addresses

are not monitored and on the start of the viewer a warning, saying that the maximum

number of users was reached, is displayed.

Subscription expiration Free program upgrade expiration date.

License expiration License validity expiration date (applicable for demo versions and

time restricted version)

License state License state: Valid or Invalid. License is invalid if the date of its expira-

tion occurred or the license ﬁle was corrupted, etc.

Note: If the license is invalid Kerio Network Monitor does not measure any data. It is

still possible to log in the viewer and browse older data (measured in the time, when

the license was valid), or perform conﬁguration tasks. By importing a valid license

(see above), the program functions will be restored in full extent.

Chapter 4 Installation

Chapter 5

Program Control

5.1 Logging in the Viewer

The viewer can be started by choosing Programs → Kerio → Network Monitor in the

menu Start. The login dialog is shown after the program is started .

In the section Login to choose, where the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon service is run-

ning:

local NetMon service Daemon The service is running on the same computer as the

viewer.

remote service on T he service is running on another (remote) computer.

Insert IP address or DNS name of the host on which the service is running (the term

“server” will be used in the further text), or select any server to which Kerio Network

Monitor has been already connected. Kerio Network Monitor keeps names (or IP ad-

dresses) of all servers to which it has been connected successfully, including their

usernames. Failed connection attempts are not kept. Passwords are not stored for

security reasons.

Note: By entering the name localhost or the loopback address 127.0.0.1, you will

get the same eﬀect as by choosing local NetMon service Daemon — connection to the

service running on the local computer.

Chapter 5 Program Control

User authentication — enter your user name and password. In case you are logging

to Kerio Network Monitor for the ﬁrst time (after installation), use the predeﬁned user

account Admin and leave the password empty. To store passwords in user proﬁles so

that it is not necessary to specify them for each connection use the Store password in

user proﬁle option.

You can perform the login by pressing the button Login. The button Cancel cancels the

options. When pressed, it changes to Less << — it allows the expanded options to be

hidden.

Store password in user proﬁle User name and password will be stored into the user

proﬁle in Windows and it will not be necessary to enter it on each login. We recom-

mend to use this option only when there is no risk of access rights misuse by another

person!

Don’t restore windows settings The viewer will not restore the layout of the individ-

ual windows. This can be helpful e.g. when connecting remotely via slow line(it can

signiﬁcantly decrease the amount of transferred data), or in case that more people

uses the same user account.

5.2 Controlling the Service

After pressing the More >> button in the login dialog, the icon for conﬁguration of the

service will appear in the lower right corner of the window. On clicking it, the following

dialog will appear:

Daemon status Display the status of the service — (Running) or (Stopped).

KNM system service status Shows, if the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon is installed

as a system service Installed (SVC) — in Windows NT/2000/XP), as background appli-

5.3 Initial Conﬁguration

cation (Installed (APP) — in Windows 9x/Me) or is not installed as service (Not installed

(SVC)).

Start Runs the service (if stopped).

Reinitialize the service Reinitialization of the service (de facto stopping and rerun-

ning) — only when the service is already running.

Stop Stops the service (if running).

Install as system service Creates the Kerio Network Monitor service, if it already does

not exist (in Windows NT/2000/XP as system service, in Windows 9x/Me as back-

ground application).

Remove the KNM service Removes the Kerio Network Monitor system service. The ser-

vice can be removed only when the service exists in the system and is stopped.

Warning: If the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon is installed as the service in the operating

system Windows NT/2000/XP, it is possible to start, stop and restart the service also

using the system Control Panel Services.

5.3 Initial Conﬁguration

If you login to the viewer for the ﬁrst time (after installation of Kerio Network Monitor),

a special dialog for selection of the adapters, on which the packets will be monitored, is

displayed..

Check the checkbox in front of all of the adapters you want to monitor. Usually it

should include all the adapters connected to the local network. There is usually no use

of monitoring the packets on the adapter connected to the Internet

Chapter 5 Program Control

if the network address translation is used (NAT), we can see only the address of the

computer, which Kerio Network Monitor is running on.

By pressing the Done button, the settings will be stored and the viewer itself will start.

This dialog will not be displayed on any other login. The settings can be, of course,

modiﬁed in the program.

Chapter 6

Conﬁguration

All settings of Kerio Network Monitor are done in the Conﬁguration window, which can

be accessed by choosing Settings / Conﬁguration in the main menu or by pressing the

Ctrl+S shortcut.

Note: All settings in the Conﬁguration dialog have immediate eﬀect (after pressing the

OK button). In any case there is no need to restart the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon

service.

6.1 IP Addresses Ranges

The IP Addresses tab allows the user to choose network interface, which will be the

packet captured on. It also allows deﬁnition of IP addresses range, which they will be

logged within.

Capture packets from interfaces Usually, it should include all the adapters connected

to the local network. There is usually no use of monitoring the packets on the adapter

connected to the Internet — if the network address translation is used (NAT), we can

see only the address of the computer, which the Kerio Network Monitor is running

on.

List of IP addresses groups List of individual groups of IP addresses with the group

type (on LAN, on Internet or discard packet). Detailed description is later in this

document.

All other addresses This option speciﬁes a group, which includes all IP addresses,

which do not comply with any of the introduced speciﬁcations.

Typical usage example: we specify addresses belonging to the local network and

using this option we set that “all other addresses belong to the Internet ” (are on

Internet).

Add, Edit, Remove These buttons are used for adding new group of addresses, respec-

tively for modiﬁcation or deleting of the selected group.

Arrow buttons (up / down) The list of IP addresses deﬁnitions is always traversed

from up to bottom. Therefore the deﬁnitions must be ordered from the most speciﬁc

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

to the most general. The arrow buttons are used for moving the selected deﬁnition

up or down in the list.

Deﬁnition of IP Addresses Group

After pressing the Add or Edit button the dialog for IP addresses group deﬁnition will

appear.

IP range speciﬁcation Type of the group. One of the following types can be chosen:

•

Host — IP address of a particular computer

Subnet: IP address / mask — IP subnet with appropriate mask.

IP addresses & masks of the local interfaces — all IP addresses of the network,

which are connected to the adapters selected for packets monitoring, will be added

to the group.

•

All addresses — all IP addresses

6.1 IP Addresses Ranges

Domain type speciﬁcation Type (domain) of IP addresses group. This option deﬁnes,

how will the packets, whose source and target address belong to this group, be pro-

cessed. The group of addresses can be included in one of the following domains:

•

LAN — local network. The speciﬁc property of this group is that all captured

addresses from this group are added to the list of computers (see chapter 7.1).

Internet — addresses from this group are measured but no list is created from

them.

discard data

if source or target address belongs to this group, the volume of the data in this

packet will not be counted.

Note: The volume of the data in the packet will be measured only when one of the

addresses (source or target) in the packet header belongs to the group LAN and the

other to the group Internet. Details are to be found in the chapter 3.2.

The rule above is valid for

Speciﬁcation of the protocol and the port, which is this

rule valid for. This way it is possible to deﬁne e.g. that only data for particular service

will be measured.

•

All protocols — the rule will be valid for all protocols (and therefore also for all

services)

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

•

TCP protocol with port — the rule will be valid only for the TCP protocol and the

given port. The protocol and the port deﬁne particular service (e.g. SMTP, WWW,

etc.) The port number 0 (zero) means all ports — so all services using the TCP

protocol.

•

UDP protocol with port — the rule will be valid only for the UDP protocol and the

given port. The similar considerations are valid as in the case of the TCP protocol.

Note

After installation of Kerio Network Monitor, there are some predeﬁned groups of ad-

dresses in the IP Addresses tab. They are intended to maximally simplify the program

conﬁguration — so that it should be usable with the default settings in the highest pos-

sible number of standard situations,

•

Rules for all addresses (<all addresses>) with speciﬁed protocols and ports. These

rules specify the services, which are running in the local network but should be mon-

itored as the Internet ones (typically the proxy server and the mail server)

If your network is connected to the Internet via proxy server, the rule for the proxy

server should be deﬁned (otherwise no data will be measured because the communi-

cation between the client and the proxy server takes place only in the local network).

The default rule supposes the standard port 3128 (TCP3128). If the proxy server in

your network is running on another port (e.g. 80 or 8080), correct the port number

in this rule.

If the mail server is running on the computer, which is also the Internet gateway, then

Kerio Network Monitor can not measure the volume of sent and received mail, because

it is communication within the local network. For this reason there are predeﬁned

rules for the SMTP (TCP25), POP3 (TCP110) and IMAP (TCP143) protocols.

•

Rules for private ranges of IP addresses (10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0 and 192.168.0.0).

These addresses are reserved for private network and can not appear anywhere in

the Internet, therefore Kerio Network Monitor automatically supposes, that it deals

with local network.

Rule for adapters, which are the packets captured on (<used interfaces>).

As it was already described earlier (see chapter 5.3), the packets should be monitored

on the interfaces connected to the local network (so that Kerio Network Monitor could

detect IP addresses of individual computers in the network). Therefore it is supposed

that the adapters, which were chosen for packets monitoring, are connected to the

local network (domain LAN).

6.2 Monitored Services

If your network is not created from cascading segments (e.g. more subnets intercon-

nected by routers), you have not to deﬁne any other rule for IP addresses.

All the predeﬁned rules can be modiﬁed or deleted if they do not meet the particular

conﬁguration. Usually it is not necessary — if there are e.g. in the local network used

only the IP addresses from the range 192.168.0.0, the rules for other private ranges

(10.0.0.0 and 172.16.0.0) are not eﬃcient, because those addresses Kerio Network

Monitor never captures. Similar consideration is valid also for the mail and the proxy

server.

6.2 Monitored Services

Kerio Network Monitor allows to deﬁne network services, which will be monitored in

detail. For this purpose serves the Services tab in the conﬁguration dialog.

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

List of services The window shows the list of the deﬁned services (in the default set-

tings, there is already predeﬁned the majority of the standard services). The columns

of the list have the following meaning:

•

Service — name of the service (given by its deﬁnition)

Protocol — protocol, which the service uses (TCP, UDP, ICMP, PPTP or any— All)

Port / Subprotocol — port, which is used by the service (only for the TCP and UDP

protocols)

•

Flags (ﬂags) — indication of other parameters, which were set for the service.

Details see later.

The buttons under the list of the services allow deﬁnition of new service (Add), modiﬁ-

cation of the service settings (Edit) or deleting of the service (Remove).

The arrow buttons (up / down) serve for ordering the services in the list. This order is

important only for better orientation; it has no inﬂuence to the function of the program.

Note: With some of the predeﬁned services (HTTP, SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, FTP and DNS)

are connected some other functions of Kerio Network Monitor, and therefore they can

not be removed.

Service Deﬁnition

After pressing the Add or Edit button, the dialog for service deﬁnition will be shown:

6.3 User Accounts

All traﬃc of ... protocol type Protocol, which is used by the given service. The pos-

sibilities are: TCP, UDP, ICMP (Internet Control Messages Protocol), PPTP (Point to

Point Tunneling Protocol ) and All (any protocol — i.e. whole IP communication).

with port / subprotocol number Port number, which is used by the service (e.g. 25 =

SMTP, 80 = WWW etc.). The value0 (zero) means all ports (i.e. all communication with

the selected port).

Allow protocol statistics Separate logging of the data for this service. In the graph or

in the report, it will be possible to separately display the volume of the date trans-

ferred only by this service (for details see the chapters 7.2, 7.6).

If this option is on, attribute S appears in the column Flags.

Do the detailed protocol analysis Performs the detailed analysis of this service. This

option is available only for the standard services, where Kerio Network Monitor can

perform the analysis (HTTP, SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, FTP and DNS). The analysis results

(i.e. e.g. captured WWW pages, E-mail messages, transferred ﬁles, etc.) are displayed

to the Scanned data window, or possibly also to the appropriate log (HTTP Log, Mail

Log, ICQ Log). Details are to be found in the chapters 7.4 and 7.7.

If this option is on, attribute P appears in the column Flags.

Note: To deﬁne other parameters for protocol analysis use the Others option. To see

their detailed description refer to chapter 6.7.

Enable protocol debugger Detailed log of data for this service for purposes of techni-

cal support. This option can be used if you suspect that Kerio Network Monitor does

not log the data of appropriate service correctly. Obtained data can be handed to

technical support of the Kerio Technologies for further analysis.

If this option is on, attribute D appears in the column Flags.

Do not delete the debug information The detailed data of the service, stored for de-

bugging purposes (see the previous option), are rather large and could very quickly

ﬁll in considerable amount of disk space. Therefore they are under normal conditions

deleted on each close of the monitored connection. By setting this option on, the data

will not be deleted automatically and will remain stored until manually deleted.

6.3 User Accounts

When the viewer is connecting to the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon service, the user

name and the password are required. It ensures that only the authorized users have

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

access to the data and the program conﬁguration and no data breach or its intentional

falsiﬁcation by changing the conﬁguration, should appear.

Any number of user accounts with diﬀerent levels of access rights can be deﬁned in

Kerio Network Monitor. There is a tab Users for this purpose in the conﬁguration dialog

(this tab can be also opened using the Settings / Users) menu.

The list of users in this tab includes the following information:

Username User name (which the user logs in with)

Rights Access rights of the user (for details see bellow)

Enabled Account state: enabled (yes) or blocked (no)

The buttons under the list of the accounts allow deﬁnition of new user (Add), modiﬁca-

tion of settings for the selected account (Edit) or deleting the account (Remove).

Note: The predeﬁned user account Admin can not be removed, assigned access rights or

disabled.

6.3 User Accounts

User Deﬁnition

The dialog for deﬁnition of the user account will be shown after pressing the Add or Edit

buttons .

Username Name of the user. It should not contain blanks and punctuation marks.

Small and capital letters are not distinguished.

Password The user password. Can contain any printable characters (including spaces);

distinguishes capital and small letters.

Password again Veriﬁcation of the password (to check that no mistakes occurred when

entering the password)

Warning: For security purposes, it is recommended not to leave the password empty!

Also the password of the predeﬁned user Admin should be changed after the ﬁrst logon.

Account is disabled It is possible to temporarily deactivate (“turn oﬀ”) the user ac-

count by setting this option on.

If this option is on value NO apppears in the column Enabled in the list of the users ,

in the other case the value is yes.

Can manage users The user is allowed to create, modify and delete the user accounts.

This option also activates the option Can conﬁgure the service and in the column

Rights in the list of the users is displayed as ManUsers (resp. Conf ManUsers).

Can conﬁgure the service The user can perform the conﬁguration of the Kerio Net-

work Monitor Daemonservice(i.e. all settings in the dialog Conﬁguration with excep-

tion of the Users tab).

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

This right is in the column Rights in the list of the users shown as Conf .

Change own password The user has the right to modify his own password (in the

menu Action / Change password). If the option Can manage users is on, turning

the option on or oﬀ has no eﬀect.

This right is not shown in the column Rights in the list of the users.

6.4 Log Settings

The Database tab is intended for setting the parameters for storing the acquired data.

Statistics keeping time The maximum time which will be the statistics — the volume

of transferred data in total and for particular deﬁned services — kept for. The optimal

setting depends both on the requirement how long should be the measured data

stored, as well as on the size of available disk space and on the intensity of the

network traﬃc (during the time of no communication, nothing is stored).

6.4 Log Settings

The time for keeping of the data is determined by the two following parameters:

•

Data for the high resolution — data with the high resolution (3 seconds sampling

rate). The time for keeping is given in weeks. This data represents the majority of

the stored data.

•

Low resolution data — data with low resolution (1 hour sampling rate). This data

occupies much less space than the data with high resolution but its accuracy is

suﬃcient for observing longer time period (e.g. 1 week and more).

Thanks to their small size, the data with small resolution can be kept for longer

time — time is given in months.

Log keeping time Time of storing (respectively maximum age) of the log ﬁles Error

Log, Connection Log, HTTP Log, Mail Log and ICQ Log. Given in

days.

Captured objects maximal age Time for storing of the captures objects (i.e. informa-

tion, which is displayed in the window Scanned data — see chapter 7.4). Given in

days.

•

Keep captured WWW pages — time for storing the captured WWW pages. WWW

pages can contain big amount of graphics and other objects, therefore it deals

with high volume data.

•

Keep captured FTP sessions — time for storing the information about connections

to the FTP servers. Only information about the relations is stored (server, user,

downloaded or uploaded ﬁles), not the transferred ﬁles. The volume of the data

is therefore small.

•

Keep captured e-mails — time for storing the captured E-mail messages. The

messages are stored also with the attachment and can therefore represent high

amount of data.

Daily cleaning should be started at Startup time for automatic database maintenance

(performed once a day). The main goal of this action is to remove the data, which is

older than the set values (see the options described above).

This maintenance can take a long time (in the worst case even several tens of minutes

— depends on the size of the stored data and speed of the used computer). During

the maintenance time it is not possible to view the currently processed log (in the

appropriate window a message saying the maintenance is running, will appear). For

this reason, the maintenance should be scheduled to the time, when there is low or

even no traﬃc in the network (e.g. during the night).

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

Note: If the computer with Kerio Network Monitor is turned oﬀ in the given time,

maintenance will be performed on the next start of the Kerio Network Monitor Dae-

mon service.

(Last cleaning took ... seconds) The time which took the last database maintenance

(in seconds).

6.5 Protocol Monitoring Parameters

The Timeouts tab serves for setting the time parameters of the individual protocols:

UDP & ICMP connection timeouts The UDP and ICMP protocols are datagram oriented

— communication is based on the exchange of individual messages (so called data-

grams) among that exists (at the level of the network communication) no connection.

The typical communication consists of one or several sequences request — response.

Therefore we can suppose there is regular exchange of datagrams in small intervals,

in fact it makes one relation (so called pseudorelation). If the interval is noticeably

higher, we suppose new relation was started. This principle can be used for show-

ing the UDP and the ICMP pseudorelations in the Current connections window (see

chapter 7.3).

6.6 WWW Interface Parameters

The ICMP protocol and UDP protocol options are used for setting the above described

intervals .

TCP connection timeout The TCP protocol is relation based (ﬁrst the relation, which

the data is transferred in, is created). In this case we know exactly the time of creating

and dropping the connection. If a small amount of data is transferred using a fast

line the connection can last only a small time (often less than 1 second). In order

to enable the user to watch the connection in the window Current connections (see

chapter 7.3), it is left displayed for some time after the end of the connection. This

time is set by the Closed TCP connections are kept displayed for option.

6.6 WWW Interface Parameters

The WWW tab serves for setting the parameters of Kerio Network Monitor WWW inter-

face.

WWW server enabled at port This option enables/disables the embedded WWW server.

If set oﬀ, WWW interface is not available.

Here is also speciﬁed the port, which is the WWW server running on (default 81). If

there is no other WWW server running on the computer where Kerio Network Monitor

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

Daemon is installed, it is possible to use the standard port 80 — then it will be no

longer necessary to specify the port in the browser, when connecting to the WWW

interface of Kerio NetworkMonitor.

Accept ’X-Forwarded-for’ tag... This option enables the Kerio Network Monitor to get

the IP addresses of the client computers from the X-Forwarded-for tag in the HTTP

request, which was accepted by the embedded WWW server from the proxy server.

Set this option in case that local computers use a proxy server for the Internet ac-

cess. In this conﬁguration Kerio Network Monitor “sees” only the requests from the

proxy server. In the X-Forwarded-for tag (which is added by the proxy server), it is

possible to ﬁnd the IP address of the client — the real originator of the HTTP request.

Enter the IP address of the proxy server, which should Kerio Network Monitor accept

the X-Forwarded-for tag from (it can not be accepted from any proxy server, be-

cause this feature could be misused by the clients easily) to the appropriate ﬁeld.

If the proxy server is running on the same computer as the Kerio Network Monitor

Daemon, use the loopback address 127.0.0.1.

The above described problem can be solved by setting the WWW browser so that

it does not use the proxy server for local address (but this option can usually be

changed by the users).

The following options deﬁne the behavior of the WWW interface if it is opened by the

anonymous user (i.e. is not logged in with the user name and the password — see

chapter 8.1).

The default setting supposes that each user can view only information about his own

computer (that, which is he connected to the WWW interface from). If the user has

appropriate access rights to Kerio Network Monitor (i.e. has created the user account —

see chapter 6.3), he can log in and see all the information, which Kerio Network Monitor

oﬀers.

Show ’All computers’ item The option All computers will be shown in the list of the

computers (i.e. show the statistics for all of the computers, logged by Kerio Network

Monitor).

Groups visible Option determining, which groups can be seen by anonymous users (No

groups visible — no groups, Groups I’m in — only the group, which the computer, that

is connected to the interface, belongs to or All groups — all groups).

Computers visible This option determines, which computers can be seen (No comput-

ers — no computers, Only my computer — only the computer, which he is connected

from or All computers—all computers).

6.7 Additional Settings

Log access rights Access rights to the logs (No logs access at all — no logs, My own

logs only — only logs for the computer which he is connected from or All monitored

stations — logs for all registered computers).

Access rights to current connections Access rights for monitoring the current con-

nections (No access to current connections at all — no connections, Current connec-

tions of my computer only — only the connections for the computer, which is he

connected from or All connections are visible — connections for all registered com-

puters).

6.7 Additional Settings

Settingthe additional options for appearance and behavior of Kerio Network Monitor can

be done on the Others tab.

Do NOT save mail message body Kerio Network Monitor will not store the contents of

captured E-mail messages (only the sender and the recipient address are stored).

Note: Monitored and stored can be only messages, which are not transferred using

encrypted protocols (in the other case only amount of transferred data can be mea-

sured).

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

Warning: Keep in mind that monitoring the contents of E-mail violates user privacy!

If this option is not enabled, all the users should be informed that theirs mail is

monitored!

ICQ privacy Use this option to deﬁne how communication through ICQ and ICQ2Go

protocols will be monitored:

•

No privacy — all transferred data will be monitored (ICQ numbers, nicknames,

message bodies)

Do not save text of messages — Kerio Network Monitor will not store content of

individual messages (only ICQ numbers and nicknames will be monitored)

Disable ICQ analysator — data transferred through ICQ and ICQ2Go will not be

analysed.

Note: This can be also done by disabling detailed protocol analysis in ICQ deﬁni-

tion (see chapter 6.2). This implies that monitoring is enabled only if either the

No privacy or the Do not save text of messages is used and if detailed protocol

analysis is not enabled in ICQ conﬁguration.

Do NOT save tapped HTTP data Kerio Network Monitor will not store the content of

the captured WWW pages. Enabling this option can radically save disk space of the

computer. The option HTTP will not be available in the Tapped data window(it will

not be possible to view pages visited by individual users).

Note: Monitored and stored can be only pages, which are not transferred using en-

crypted protocol HTTPS (in the other case it is possible only to measure the volume

of the transferred data).

Do NOT log HTTP requests for images... When opening the WWW pages in the brows-

er, an HTTP request must be send for each object contained in the page (picture,

script, etc.). In the HTTP Log are by default logged all the HTTP requests. Enabling

this option makes only the pages themselves to be logged — HTTP Log will be much

shorter and easier to read. Such HTTP log is suﬃcient enough in the majority of

cases.

Note: The log of requests to window / ﬁle HTTP Log can be done only if the commu-

nication is via the HTTP protocol. In case of the encrypted HTTPS protocol only the

volume of transferred data is logged.

Include IP packet headers... Enabling this option causes the total size of transferred

data to be counted from whole IP packets including the headers. Its use depends on

the data you want to get.

6.7 Additional Settings

Note: If you want to compare data acquired by Kerio Network Monitor with data from

other programs or with the data from the Internet provider, it is necessary to ﬁnd

out, which methods are used for getting them and set the option Include IP packet

headers of Kerio Network Monitor in accordance.

Daemon process priority class Kerio Network Monitor priority deﬁnition. The

high priority is set by the default. We recommend you to change this status under

the following conditions only:

•

the service overloads the system — set lower process priority

Note: This solution is temporary only — we recommend you to use more powerful

hardware.

packet loss is often reported in the Error Log for lack of system capacity (refer to

chapter 7.7) — set higher process priority

Show NetMon in This option deﬁnes how should the Kerio Network Monitor be repre-

sented: Taskbar only , System tray only or Both taskbar and system tray (both places).

Chapter 6 Conﬁguration

Chapter 7

Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

Kerio Network Monitor oﬀers several tools for the presentation and analysis of the cap-

tured data. These functions can be chosen from the View menu or directly from a toolbar

icon (the order of the functions is the same):

Traﬃc chart Chart of the transferred data volume. You can display a transferred data

for the chosen time interval in several graphical representations. The incoming and

outgoing data, the particular computers, groups etc. can be watched separately.

Current connections Displays current connections from particular computers. The

window content is periodically refreshed.

Scanned data Displays the logged data from speciﬁc protocols (WWW pages, e-mail

messages, FTP sessions etc.)

Status window Status of the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon service (logged user,

statistics of captured packets, disk volume occupied by the stored data...)

Report Creates a well-structured table from the transferred volume of data according

to the speciﬁed parameters (time period, type of operation, level of details...)

Connection log Displays the log of connections from particular computers (history of

the Current connections window)

HTTP log Log of requests from particular computers to WWW pages, or to all HTTP

objects, respectively. (see chapter 6.7)

Mail log Log of the captured e-mail messages (e-mail address of a sender and recipient,

subject, and message size)

ICQ log Log of ICQ messages (ICQ numbers, user nicknames and message contents)

Error log Log of errors and warnings. The Kerio Network Monitor administrator should

study this log regularly and try to eliminate detected errors and problems.

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

KNM access log Log of information on users connecting into the application and on

access to the Web interface. Each row includes a corresponding date, time and infor-

mation on the following issues:

•

user’s login (username and DNS name or IP address of the host from which he/she

connects)

Note: Failed login attempts are also logged — for example, you may ﬁnd a log

informing that an unauthorized person tried to connect.

•

demand on the Web interface page (DNS name or IP address of the client, user-

name, HTTP method and URL of demanded Web page)

All the functions described above behave in the following manner:

•

If the relevant window is not open, then the window is displayed after the icon is

clicked (or after the menu item is selected).

•

If the relevant window is already open, then it is activated and moved to the front.

If you select the function while you simultaneously press the Shift key, the new win-

dow for this function is displayed.

Hint: The third described way can be used to open vertically or horizontally arranged

charts for the incoming and outgoing traﬃc.

7.1 List of Computers

Left column of the main Kerio Network Monitor window shows the list of particular

computers in a local network. The list is created automatically from the data of the

captured packets. The computer is included in this list if the following conditions are

met:

•

IP address of the computer belongs to the group LAN (see chapter 6.1)

Kerio Network Monitor has already logged at least one packet with the header con-

taining this IP address (as a source or target address) — in this way, it learns that a

computer with this IP address exists.

If possible, the detected IP address is translated to a computer name (using reverse DNS

query) and the name is displayed. In the other case, the directly detected IP address will

be shown in the list of computers.

7.1 List of Computers

Use of List of Computers

The list of computers is important for presentation of chart (see chapter 7.2) and table

of transferred data volume (see chapter 7.6) presentation. These functions can display

data either for all computers in a local network (All computers) or for only the selected

computer (computers, respectively). Computers in the list can be arranged to groups

(see later). One computer can act as a member of more groups.

A computer/computers can be selected by mouse click. Several computers (and/or

groups) can be selected with the Shift key pressed simultaneously. A circular ﬁeld beside

a computer name (or a group) shows, whether it was selected or not.

A suﬃciently contrast color (as compared to the chart background or to the other, al-

ready applied colors) will be assigned to the selected computers. This color will be used

to separately show values for the selected group of computers in the chart.

Management of List of Computers

The user can right-click to the list of computers, or directly to the selected computer or

group, respectively. The menu with functions for the list of computers will be displayed.

Rename Renames the selected groups or computers. This function is reasonably espe-

cially for computers — the automatically detected name does not have to be descrip-

tive enough or known at all (there is an IP address displayed in the list).

Remove from group Removes the selected computer from the group, which it belongs

to.

Forget the computer Deletes the selected computer from the list. This function can be

helpful, e.g., when the computer is permanently disconnected from a network, or the

IP address was changed.

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

Note: If the packet with the same IP address is detected anytime afterwards, the

computer will be automatically included again.

New group Creates a new group. The dialog for a creation or a change of a group

contains the following parameters:

•

Group name — name of the group. It should be suﬃciently descriptive (i.e. it

should reﬂect, in general, the type of computers that will be included in this

group).

Add newly recognized computers — when this option is checked, all new detected

computers (IP addresses) from a speciﬁed subnet will be automatically added to

this group. Enter the requested subnet with the appropriate mask.

Note: This option can be checked for several groups simultaneously, even for the

same subnet.

Remove the group Remove the selected groups from the list. This option does not

delete the computers which belong to the group, it only cancels their membership in

this group.

Group members A simple dialog that can be used to add or remove computers from/to

the selected group.

Group properties A dialog for a change of parameters of the selected group (identical

to the dialog for creation of a new group — see above).

Sorting of list of computers The last three options in the menu determine sorting of

the list of computers: by names (Sort by names), by IP addresses (Sort by addresses)

or by a transferred data volume in a descending order (Sort by traﬃc).

7.2 Traﬃc chart

Shows the chart of transferred data. The horizontal axis shows time, the vertical axis

the connection load (in bytes per second).

Buttons with arrows above the chart moves the vertical axis (from left to right):

•

Jump to the beginning of the chart (i.e. the whole time interval, when the data was

captured)

•

Long jump backwards

Short jump backwards

Jump to the speciﬁed position (date and time)

Short jump forwards

Long jump forwards

Jump to the end of a chart (i.e. the current time)

Note: The length of a short and long jump depends on a scale of the chart.

Buttons with a magnifying glass above the chart set the scale of the x-axis — i.e. the

time interval that will be presented in the chart. The displayed interval can be between

1 minute and 1 year.

Buttons with a magnifying glass right to the chart set the scale of the vertical axis.

Moreover, there exists an option Auto, which automatically adjusts the scale of this

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

axis to the maximum captured value in the given representation (the option is implicitly

turned on). This guarantees good readability of the chart.

Right mouse click in the chart area shows a menu with the following items:

Save chart as picture Saves the chart as a picture in JPEG or BMP format.

Zoom in, Zoom out Zooms in/zooms out the scale of the horizontal axis (time interval).

The functionality of these options is the same as the functionality of the buttons

“magnifying glass +” and “magnifying glass -” above the chart.

View mode The user can switch between the following view modes:

•

Sum of incoming and outgoing traﬃc — One line representing the sum of the

incoming and outgoing data volume will be displayed in the chart (default setting)

Incoming traﬃc — only the volume of the incoming (downloaded) data will be

displayed in the chart

Outgoing traﬃc — only the volume of the outgoing (sent) data will be displayed in

the chart

Both directions at once — two lines will be displayed in the chart — one for the

incoming and the second for the outgoing traﬃc

Type of chart The chart can be displayed in one of the following forms:

•

Draw lines (default setting)

Draw bars

Draw polygons — stacked area (area under the line)

7.3 Current Connections

The Current connections item shows the window with current connections. This window

contains information about the current TCP connections, or UDP and ICMP pseudocon-

nections, respectively, from particular stations in a local network.

The Current connections window contains a tree with two top-level items:

•

All computers — this option shows all computers which are in the Kerio Network

Monitor database (see chapter 7.1).

Groups — particular groups (deﬁned in the list of computers) are presented here.

7.3 Current Connections

The Current connections window shows only the computers (or groups, respectively) that

have at least one connection open (the inactive computers are not displayed).

Computers included in a group are displayed under the group. Particular connections

of a computer are displayed under each computer. The log for the concrete connection

has the following structure:

TCP: zdenci:3568 -> 12.249.134.106:1214 290 + 183B 13 + 23B/s 3 /

2s Active *unknown*

•

TCP: — communication protocol (TCP, UDP or ICMP)

zdenci:3568 — name (or IP address) of a computer in a local network (typically a

client) and the port number

•

12.249.134.106:1214 — name or IP address of a computer in the Internet (typically

a server) and the destination port

•

290 + 183B — volume of the sent and received data (in bytes)

13 + 23B/s — speed of the transfer of the outgoing (sent) and incoming (received)

data (in bytes per second)

•

2 + 3s — time of the last data transfer and total time the connection was open (in

seconds)

Active — connection state (Syncing — connecting, Active — active / open, Clos-

ing by initiator — terminating by client, Closing by responder — terminating

by server, Closed — terminated, !!! ERROR !!! — terminated because of an er-

ror).

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

Closed connections remain displayed in the Current connections window for time

speciﬁed in the program conﬁguration (see chapter 6.5).

An error occurs when a packet from a connection is lost and the connection lost

synchronization (consecutively, the connection is terminated and the new one is es-

tablished, if needed).

•

*unknown* — name of service (if it is deﬁned in Kerio Network Monitor — e.g. SMTP,

HTTP, FTP etc.) or *unknown* (unknown service)

Note: Kerio Network Monitor resolves names of computers using an analysis of the DNS

procotocol. This can be done only if the DNS query was sent before the connection was

initiated. If the client has this information in its local DNS cache, the DNS query is not

sent and Kerio Network Monitor “sees” only the IP address of a destination server.

Current Connections Window

The Current connections toolbar contains the following functions and options (from left

to right):

Select columns & setup sorting This button opens the dialog window for the Current

connections window parameters settings.

7.4 Tree of Scanned Data

Columns included in the connection list The user can select which columns (informa-

tion) will be displayed in the Current connections window.

•

Connection type — type of connection (TCP connection, UDP or ICMP pseudocon-

nection)

•

Local address — name or IP address of a local (source) computer and a source port

Destination — name or IP address of a remote (target) computer and a target port

Three functions mentioned above show basic information about the connection and

that’s why it is not possible to turn them oﬀ (hide them).

•

Sent & received bytes count — number of sent and received bytes

Speed of the connection — speed of data transfer (incoming and outgoing direction)

Time of last data transfer / connection duration — time of the last data transfer

and the total time of connection

•

Connection state — active, closed etc.

Connection info — information about the service (if it is deﬁned in the program)

Included protocols Which protocols shall be monitored in the current connections

window. Default settings include the TCP and UDP protocols.

Sort the list on Choice of an item that will be used for sorting of the output in the

window (Destination address — destination IP address, Bytes transferred — volume

of transferred data, Current speed — speed of the connection, Connection age —

connection duration, Connection state — state of the connection).

Refresh now Updates information in the Current connections window.

Refresh periodically When this option is turned on, the information in the Current

connections window will be refreshed automatically in the periodic time intervals

(every 1 second).

7.4 Tree of Scanned Data

Scanned data item opens the window where the captured data of particular services

(WWW pages, e-mail messages, FTP relations etc.) can be viewed.

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

Tree of data (in the left part of the window) contains two base branches:

•

By client — data sorted according to the IP address of clients (i.e. computers in a local

network)

•

By protocol — data sorted by particular protocols (services)

Both branches contain identical data — they diﬀer only in the type of sorting.

The user can expand the selected branch of the tree and click on a concrete object (e.g.

WWW page on a given server). This object will be displayed in the right part of the

window.

Note: If it is not forbidden in the program conﬁguration (see chapter 6.7), content of

e-mail messages will be displayed.

Note #2: For WWW pages, Kerio Network Monitor records a particular URL and a page

content (HTML code without pictures, applications etc.) When the page is being dis-

played, the code is opened and the relevant objects are downloaded directly from a

server (i.e. in the same way as a browser).

Scanned Data Window

The toolbar of the Scanned data window contains the following functions and options

(from left to right):

7.5 Status Information

Stop current transfer Stops the transfer of the opening WWW pages (as in a browser)

Refresh tree Updates information in a tree (new data could be scanned since the

Scanned data window was opened).

This function can be invoked by F5 key.

Max age The maximum age of data, which should be presented in the tree (in an inter-

val from 5 minutes to one week, or unlimited age — *unlimited*). The Max age option

aﬀects noticeably the size and the readability of a tree.

Show formatted Shows formatted WWW pages or e-mail messages

Show as plain text Shows WWW pages or e-mail messages in a text format (source

code)

Open as document Opens pages or messages as a document (in a default WWW brows-

er or an e-mail client)

7.5 Status Information

Status window shows information about the system with the Kerio Network Monitor Dae-

mon installed, about the network interfaces and the disk space occupied by the database

of the scanned data.

System information System information (current time of the server, the installation

directory, and the currently logged user). The logged user is displayed in a form

name@server, where server is a DNS name or an IP address of the computer, where

the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon service runs (to which the user is connected).

Interface info Statistical information about the particular interface where Kerio Net-

work Monitor captures packets. All these information are computed from the start

of the Kerio Network Monitor Daemon service. Statistics are reset after the restart of

the server.

•

Interface name — interface for which the statistics will be displayed. This listbox

contains all interfaces selected in the conﬁguration program (see chapter 6.1) for

the packet scanning.

•

Packets passed — total number of packets passed to the Daemon for processing

(their source and target address belongs to diﬀerent groups)

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

•

Packets ﬁltered — number of ﬁltered (discarded) packets — their source and target

address belongs to the same group or some of these addresses belongs to the

group Discard packet (see chapter 6.1)

Too big packets — number of packets that couldn’t be processed because their size

exceeded the maximum size of the cache of the low-level driver of Kerio Network

Monitor. Greater number of these packets can indicate a system error or a possible

attack.

•

Transfer failures — number of packets that were not successfully copied from the

internal cache of the network adapter. This error should not occur under normal

circumstances (it can indicate a problem with an adapter or its driver).

No resources — number of packets that were not successfully processed due to

the lack of system resources.

If this value is in the thousands, Kerio Network Monitor should be installed to a

more powerful computer or to a dedicated computer where no user works.

Disk space used by scanned data The size of disk volume occupied by captured data

from particular services. The number of objects (Items) and bytes (Bytes) is displayed.

The Sum column contains the total space occupied (sum of all services).

Note: Presented data doesn’t include the space occupied by a database of a volume

of transferred data (i.e. subfolders high and low).

7.6 Transferred Data Volume Table

Disk space used by logs The total disk space occupied by recorded ﬁles and the total

number of lines in these ﬁles.

7.6 Transferred Data Volume Table

The Report function shows - according to the speciﬁed paramaters - a window with the

table of transferred data volume. If the window is not open, the dialog for parameters

settings is displayed:

Set column’s option Basic parameters specifying table extent:

•

Number of columns — number of columns in a table

One column contains traﬃc sumary — time interval which shall be covered by one

column

Combination of these two parameters determines the total extent of the table.

Example: We want to display a number of transferred data during one week in one-

day intervals. We enter value 7 (week has usually 7 days) to the editbox Number of

columns and 1 day(s) to the One column contains traﬃc sumary.

Select report’s start date Select start time and date (from when the data shall be pro-

cessed). From that date the time period set in the previous section is interpreted.

Button Suggest start date sets the start time so the chosen time period ends with the

current time.

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

Example: If we set the extent of a table according to the previous example, button

Suggest start date sets the date and time seven days ago (i.e. the ﬁnal table will

display seven days).

Checkbox When suggesting, include the current interval governs whether the suggest-

ed start time includes the current interval (which is not ﬁnished yet).

Example: Today is Saturday 1st June, 2002, 12:00 p.m. We consider the same interval

as in the previous example (i.e. the data for one week in one-day intervals). The

Suggest start time button sets the last Saturday (i.e. 25th May, 2002). The table

will then contain the data for time period from Saturday 25th May, 2002 to Friday

31st May, 2002. If we check the option When suggesting, include the current interval,

the suggested date will be Sunday, 26th May, 2002 and the table will contain data for

the period Sunday, 26th May, 2002 — Saturday, 1st June, 2002. The last column in

the table will then contain the data for today (i.e. 0:00 a.m. — 12:00 p.m.). If we let

the program create the table with the same parameters e.g. at 6:00 p.m., the data in

the last column will be diﬀerent.

Select the service The user can select a service whose data will be displayed in a table.

The concrete service (e.g. HTTP, SMTP, FTP etc.) or all services (All services) can be

selected.

Choose the traﬃc direction Chooses the direction of the traﬃc that should be cap-

tured: Incoming only (only incoming data), Outgoing only (only outgoing data) or

Sum of both (the sum of outgoing and incoming data).

Show percentages Shows percentages instead of the transferred data for particular

computers. If this option is checked, only the total volume of the transferred data

for the relevant time period (item All computers) will be displayed in the table. The

relevant volume of the transferred data will be displayed in percentages for each

computer.

The OK button creates and shows the table according to the speciﬁed parameters.

Functions for the Data Volume Table

The Accounting report window toolbar oﬀers the following functions (from left to right):

Change report parameters Changes table parameters. This option shows a dialog for

the table settings (see above). When the dialog is closed, a new table is displayed.

7.7 Log Windows

Print the report Prints the table. This option opens a standard system print dialog

where a printer etc. can selected.

Save the report Saves the table as an HTML page or in a CSV format (Comma Separat-

ed Values). The CSV format is relatively common and it can be opened in a lot of

programs (e.g. Microsoft Excel).

Sort the table Sorts the table according to the selected column. This option can be

used repeatedly — a new table need not to be created.

Transfer the table to MS Excel If Microsoft Excel is installed on the host where the

browser is running, you can use this button to transfer the table to the application.

Microsoft Excel oﬀers variety of other alternatives of how to process obtained data.

7.7 Log Windows

All log windows — (Connection Log, HTTP Log, Mail Log and Error Log) have a toolbar

with these functions (from left to right):

Copy selection to clipboard Copies the selected text to a clipboard (mouse can be use

to select text). This function can be invoked using the standard hot key Ctrl+C.

Save log to ﬁle Stores log to a text ﬁle in a text format (*.txt) or in a LOG format

(*.log). This function can be invoked by the hot key Ctrl+W .

In general, the LOG format is more suitable for an automatic processing while the text

format is more readale for a user. For HTTP log, the LOG format is a standard (unix)

log and the text format preserves the form presented on a screen. All other logs in

the LOG format shows only IP addresses. In the text format, they are substituted by

computer names (if they are known).

Show only lines passing the rule Logs ﬁltering. The user can display only the lines

containing the speciﬁed string. For example, only the part of the log referring to a

speciﬁc date can be displayed in this way.

Log Reading and Analysis

Each line of a log contains information about one event (e.g. about e-mail message, HTTP

request, error message etc.).

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

Log ﬁles can be further processed by external analytical tools (e.g. by Kerio Log Analyzer

application — see www.kerio.com).

Connection Log

TCP: richard:1524 -> 205.107.97.6:80 171 + 2927By,

2s -HTTP:205.107.97.6

•

Fri 8/Mar/2002 10:18:31 — date and time of a connection creation (formation)

TCP: — used communication protocol at transport level (TCP/UDP)

richard:1524 — name or IP address of a client (computer that originated the

connection) and source port

•

205.107.97.6:80 — name or IP address of a target computer (server) and desti-

nation port

•

171 + 2927By — volume of sent (171) and received (2927) data in bytes (By)

2s — connection duration (in seconds)

-HTTP:205.107.97.6 — service description (if it is a service deﬁned in Kerio Net-

work Monitor). This record shows “HTTP service on a server with IP address

205.107.97.6”. If Kerio Network Monitor doesn’t have such a service, the error

message unknown service is displayed.

Note: Kerio Network Monitor resolves names of computers in the Internet using a DNS

protocol analysis. This method can be used only if a DNS query had been sent before

the connection was established. If a client contains this information in its local DNS

cache, a DNS query is not sent and Kerio Network Monitor “sees” only the IP address

of a target server.

HTTP Log

richard - Fri 8/Mar/2002 11:57:46

GET http://www.kerio.com/resources/home.gif

HTTP/1.1 200 1221

•

richard — name (or IP address) of a client (i.e. the computer that sent the HTTP

query)

Fri 8/Mar/2002 11:57:46 — date and time of a request

7.7 Log Windows

•

GET — method of HTTP protocol (GET/POST)

http://www.kerio.com/resources/home.gif — complete URL of a requested

object

•

HTTP/1.1 — HTTP protocol version (currently 1.0 or 1.1)

200 — HTTP protocol return code (see document RFC2068 — www.ietf.org/rfc)

1221 — size of an object (in bytes)

Mail Log

richard - Fri 8/Mar/2002 14:26:01

SMTP From:"Richard Gabriel" <[email protected]>,

to:<[email protected]>, subj:Order, 43 lines, 1366 bytes

•

richard — name (or IP address) of a client (i.e. the computer that initiated the

connection to a mail server)

•

Fri 8/Mar/2002 14:26:01 — date and time of a message transfer

SMTP — used mail protocol (SMTP, POP3 or IMAP)

From: ... — e-mail address of a sender (and his name — if it was speciﬁed)

to: ... — e-mail address of a recipient (and his name — if it was speciﬁed)

subj: ... — message subject

43 lines — number of lines in a message body

1366 bytes — total size of a message (in bytes)

Error Log

Fri 8/Mar/2002 14:59:59 Warn - 192.168.2.38:

5 packets lost - lack of resources (61-56)

Fri 8/Mar/2002 15:02:11 Warn - (192.168.2.40 -> 201.7.55.112)

Connection has died

Fri 8/Mar/2002 15:17:22 Err: 206 - Error creating file

Chapter 7 Viewing and Analysis of Captured Data

’c:\Program Files\Kerio\Network Monitor\logs\mail.idx’

•

Fri 8/Mar/2002 14:26:01 — date and time when the error was logged

Warn — type of a message (Warn — warning or Err: xxx — error including the

error number)

Warnings represent minor errors with smaller importance. The Kerio Network

Monitor administrator should not ignore these warning and he should try to elim-

inate all errors.

•

192.168.2.38 — IP address of a computer where the error was logged. Addresses

of source and target computers of the connection where an error occured can be

presented here too.

5 packets lost - lack of resources (61-56) — detailed error description

Note: There is a large number of errors and warnings that can appear in Error Log.

Their description goes beyond the scope of this guide. If you are not able to cope with

an error yourself, you are advised to contact Kerio Technologies technical support —

see www.kerio.com.

Chapter 8

Web Interface

Kerio Netwok Monitor provides access to captured data using the basic Web interface.

This interface can display a chart of connection load, list of current connections, and a

transferred data volume table created according to the speciﬁed parameters.

WWW interface operates in two modes: with an anonymous or authenticated user.

•

The user can examine only data for his own computer (the computer which is used

to connect to the inteface), or (if it is permitted) the aggregate data for the whole

network, respectively. It is assumed that the user connects to the interface from his

“own” computer and he will see only the data exactly for this computer.

•

The authenticated user can examine all data provided by Kerio Netwok Monitor (i.e.

data about all computers in a local network).

8.1 Connection to the Web Interface

The user must enter DNS name of a computer that runs Kerio Netwok Monitor Daemon

(or IP address if it is not registered in DNS, respectively) and specify the port where the

Web interface runs (implicitly 81) E.g. the URL can look like this:

http://server.company.com:81

http://192.168.1.1:81

If the computer where the Kerio Netwok Monitor Daemon is installed doesn’t run another

WWW server, the WWW interface can be started on the default port 80 (see chapter 6.6)

— port does not have to be speciﬁed in the URL:

http://server.firma.cz

http://192.168.1.1

User Login

The user does not have to explicitly login to the WWW interface of Kerio Netwok Monitor.

Immediately after the start, the interface operates in an anonymous mode (see above).

Chapter 8 Web Interface

If you want to display data about all computers in a local network, log in the login

section. Information about all computers becomes accessible after the successful login.

In the other case, the WWW interface remains in the anonymous mode.

8.2 Page Main

This section shows information about the system where the Kerio Network Monitor Dae-

mon runs (system time, license information, used disk space...).

Information on this page (with a few exceptions) corresponds to the Engine status & info

window — see chapter 7.5.

8.3 Page Chart

Page chart displays a chart of transferred volume data (as Traﬃc chart window — see

chapter 7.6).

Options in a left part of the page set chart parameters:

Select red / blue / green sequence Chart on this WWW page can display at most

3 lines (red, green and blue) - a type of displayed information can be set for each

line. The choices are:

•

All computers — total volume of transferred data for all computers

Name of computer or group — volume of transferred data for the selected com-

puter of group

•

<none> — line will not be displayed. This option is available only for the second

and the third line (i.e. the green and blue line).

Select chart width Time interval that will be displayed in the chart (from 1 minute to

1 year).

Show Shows the chart with the speciﬁed parameters.

Row of buttons is displayed above the chart. They move the chart content alongside the

horizontal axis. Middle button Refresh is used to refresh the chart (the chart on a WWW

page is not automatically refreshed because of technical reasons).

8.4 Page Report

This page corresponds to the Accounting report window. Before the page is opened, the

options for table parameters settings are displayed:

8.5 Page Connections

Select format Formats of the table (HTML page or ﬁle in CSV format)

Specify report parameters Table parameters settings (see chapter 7.6).

Show the report Shows the table of transferred volume data according to the speciﬁed

parameters.

8.5 Page Connections

This page shows current connections of particular computers — it is an equivalent of

the Current connections window. Page can not be conﬁgured.

Details how to show current connections can be found in chapter 7.3.

8.6 Page Logs

This page shows the selected information from HTTP Log, Mail Log, and Connection Log

(Error Log can be displayed only in the application).

Select log Selects log (HTTP Log, Mail Log or Connection Log).

Specify log options Speciﬁes paramateres for log items that will be displayed:

•

Show last ... days — show only log items for the last ... days. This option strongly

aﬀects the length of the displayed page, therefore we recommend to choose only

the time period that is required.

•

at most ... lines — maximum number of displayed lines

Show only lines containing ... — show only lines containing the speciﬁed string (if

you want to show all lines, leave the ﬁeld empty)

•

Resolve IP addresses of local computers — if this option is checked, the local com-

puters will be displayed as DNS names (if they exist). Otherwise, only IP addresses

will be displayed.

Note: Remote computers (i.e. the computers that don’t belong to a local network)

are always displayed as IP addresses.

Show the log Shows log items according to the speciﬁed parameters.

8.7 Integration of the WWW Interface into the Company Website

The WWW interface of Kerio Network Monitor enables access to particular pages or their

parts using the special URL. Various charts or tables (e.g. chart of connection load, table

Chapter 8 Web Interface

of transferred data volume or view of current connections etc.) can be integrated into

your own web site in this way.

General Format of URL

URL of pages from the WWW interface has, in general, this format:

http://netmon:81/directory/page

?parameter1=value&parameter2=value...

where:

•

netmon — DNS name or IP address of the computer, where Kerio Network Monitor

runs.

Note: Integration into another website must take into consideration if pages will be

accessed from an internal network, from the Internet, or from both directions. The

best way is to use the name of the server that has the aprropriate entries both in the

internal and the public DNS.

•

81 — port where the WWW interface of Kerio Network Monitor runs (see chapter 6.6)

directory — directory of the virtual Web server where the appropriate is stored

page — name of a page (see later)

parameter=value — name of a parameter and its value (see later). Parameters are

optional — if some parameter is not introduced, the default value will be used. Un-

known (non-existing) parameter will be ignored. Some pages don’t require any pa-

rameters.

Note: Lower-case and upper-case letters in page names and parameter names should be

preserved. Order of parameters doesn’t matter.

All operations will be executed with the rights of anonymous user.

Current Connections

Current connections page can be displayed using the URL:

http://netmon:81/conn.html

The page doesn’t have any conﬁgurable parameters.

8.7 Integration of the WWW Interface into the Company Website

Chart of Transferred Data Volume

The following URL displays the page with the chart of transferred data volume:

http://netmon:81/chart/form.html

?resolution=1&IP1=1.2.3.4&IP2=5.6.7.8

&IP3=10.11.12.13&service=1

where:

•

resolution — time period from the following table:

Value

Meaning

1 minute

5 minutes

15 minutes

1 hours

6 hours

1 day

1 week

1 month

1 year

•

IP1, IP2, IP3 — IP addresses for which the transferred data volume will be dis-

played in the chart (ordered red, greed, blue). Instead of an IP address of a particular

computer, the address 0.0.0.0 (sum of data volume for all computers) or 127.0.0.1

(loopback address; it will be replaced by the IP address of the computer, where the

page was opened) can be entered.

service — monitored service:

Value

Meaning

All services HTTP POP3

SMTP

FTP

Telnet

IMAP4 SSH

If the user wants to display an isolated chart (picture), he can use the following URL:

http://netmon:81/chart/image.png

All parameters described above remain valid.

Example:

Chapter 8 Web Interface

http://netmon:81/chart/image.png

?resolution=3&IP1=0.0.0.0&IP2=127.0.0.1&service=1

This example shows an isolated chart for time period 1 hour, the transferred data vol-

ume for all computers will be highlighted in red color. The green color will represent the

computer used for page viewing.

Table of Transferred Data Volume

The following URL shows the table of transferred data volume (Report) according to the

speciﬁed parameters:

http://netmon:81/report/output.html

?interval=2&back=7&columnscount=7&columnswidth=1

&sort=3&direction=3&service=0,

where:

•

interval — basis of column width, it is multiplied by the parameter columnwidth.

The possible values are:

Value

Meaning

minutes

hours days

weeks

months

years

•

back — the beginning of the table will be moved “backwards” by the speciﬁed number

of time periods. Value 0 means current time.

•

columnscount — number of columns in the table

columnswidth — width of column. This parameter multiplied by the interval pa-

rameter determines time interval covered by one column.

•

sort — table will be sorted by this value:

Value

Meaning

IP address

computer name

transferred data volume

•

direction — table will display data in this direction:

8.7 Integration of the WWW Interface into the Company Website

Value

Meaning

incoming (download)

outgoing (upload) sum of both directions

•

service — data volume will be displayed for this services (see above — section Chart

of transferred data volume)

Correct parameters settings will be demonstrated at the example.

http://netmon:81/report/output.html

?interval=2&back=1&columnscount=7

&columnswidth=1&sort=3&direction=3&service=0

•

interval=2 — basis of column width will be one day

columnswidth=1 — column width (time period) will be 1 day

columnscount=7 — number of columns in table will be 7, the entire table will cover

time period of 7 days (1 week)

•

back=1 — table moved backwards by one time period (i.e. 1 week). As a result, the

table will cover time period “-2 weeks to -1 week”.

•

direction=3 — table will contain sum of incoming and outgoing data

service=0 — total volume of transferred data will be displayed (for all services)

Logs

Logs can be displayed using the URL:

http://netmon:81/log/output.html

?log=2&age=7&maxlines=1000&filter=text

where:

•

log — log ﬁle number according to the following table:

Value

Meaning

HTTP Log

Connection Log

Mail Log

•

age — maximum age of log (in days)

maxlines — maximum number of output lines (if more lines satisfy the other condi-

tions, only the most recent lines will be displayed)

•

filter — text to be searched. Only the lines containing this text will be displayed.

Chapter 8 Web Interface

Chapter 9

Glossary of Terms

E-mail address Determines message recipient and sender during communication using

the electronic mail.

HTTP Protocol for WWW pages transfer. By default, TCP protocol and port 80 is used.

HTTPS Secured version of HTTP protocol. Security is ensured by the encrypted protocol

SSL.

By default, TCP protocol and port 443 is used.

IMAP Clients can work with their e-mail messages on a server using IMAP. Messages

don’t need to be downloaded to local computer.

By default, TCP protocol and port 143 is used.

Packet Basic communication unit of network layer (i.e. independent of the communica-

tion medium). The IP protocol works on packet layer in TCP/IP.

POP3 Post Oﬃce Protocol enables users to download e-mail messages from a server to

their own local disc.

By default, TCP protocol and port 110 is used.

Port A port is a 16-bit number (the allowed range being 1 through 65535) used by

TCP and UDP protocols for identiﬁcation of applications (services) on a particular

computer. Several applications may run at once (e.g. WWW server, e-mail client,

WWW client — browser, FTP client, etc.). Each application is uniquely determined by

its port number. Ports 1 through 65535 are reserved for standard or system use (e.g

80 = WWW). Ports above 1024 (inclusive) may be used by any application (typically as

a source port by a client or by a non-standard server application).

Protocol Format speciﬁcation of transferred data and methods of their processing. Two

computers must use the same protocols to be able to communicate.

Majority of network protocols is standardized, so they can be used for a communi-

cation between devices from diﬀerent vendors. Set of protocols used in the Internet

and known in general as TCP/IP can be used as an example.

Chapter 9 Glossary of Terms

Proxy server An older method of Internet connection sharing. Client in a local network

does not communicate directly with the target computer in the Internet but it passes

its request to a proxy server. The proxy server will process the request and deliver

the response.

SMTP Basic protocol used for e-mail delivery in the Internet. Sender and recipient are

identiﬁed by an e-mail address.

By default, TCP protocol and port 25 is used.

Service In network terminology, application used in an network environment is called

a service. In TCP/IP, the service is identiﬁed by a transport protocol and port (e.g.

HTTP uses TCP protocol and port 80).

SSL Protocol for secured and encrypted TCP connection. Originally, it was created to

secure the transmission of WWW pages by the HTTP protocol (this protocol is called

HTTPS). Today, almost all standard Internet services — SMTP, POP3, IMAP, LDAP, etc.

— supports SSL.

Communicatin starts by the exchange of an encryption key, which is later used for a

(symetrical) encryption of the real data.

TLS Transport Layer Security. SSL successor, de facto SSL version 4.

Chapter 10

Index

storage time 33

storing to ﬁle 55

adapter

network 21

to the viewer 19

WWW interface 59

computers

logs

groups 44

list 42

location on the disk 11

names 43

connection

log 56

protocol 25, 29

captured data view 50

connection monitoring 49

HTTPS 38

principle of watching 10

connections

active 61

parameters 34

TCP

UDP

current 46

Daemon 9, 9, 15, 20

service 25

debugging 29

deﬁnition 27

interface

network 23, 51

Web 59

display 54

principle of watching 10

WWW 35

IP addresses 23

IP addresses 9, 12, 17, 26

users

accounts 29

number 17

log

Connection Log 56

display on WWW page 61

Error Log 57

viewer 19

Viewer

HTTP Log 38, 56

Mail Log 57

viewer 16

Viewer 41

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