Product Manual
®
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS
ST3600002SS
ST3450802SS
100516228
Rev. C
November 2009
Contents
Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Standards, compliance and reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2.1 Electromagnetic compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Media description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Formatted capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Programmable drive capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Factory-installed options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Internal drive characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Seek performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Access time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Start/stop time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Cache operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Caching write data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Prefetch operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Reliability specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Error rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Recoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Unrecoverable Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Seek errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Interface errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Reliability and service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Preventive maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Hot plugging the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
S.M.A.R.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Reporting control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Thermal monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Drive Self Test (DST). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Product warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Physical/electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
AC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
DC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Conducted noise immunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Power sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Current profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Environmental limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.4.1
Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
i
Relative humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Air cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Electromagnetic susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Drive internal defects/errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Drive error recovery procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Drive orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Drive mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
task management responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Miscellaneous operating features and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Connector requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Ready LED Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Differential signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
SAS-2 Specification compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
10.0
ii
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
1.0
Scope
This manual describes Seagate Technology® LLC, Cheetah® NS 10K.2 SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) disk
drives.
Cheetah drives support the SAS Protocol specifications to the extent described in this manual. The SAS Inter-
face Manual (part number 100293071) describes the general SAS characteristics of Cheetah® NS 10K.2 SAS
and other Seagate SAS drives.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
1
2.0
Standards, compliance and reference documents
The drive has been developed as a system peripheral to the highest standards of design and construction. The
drive depends on its host equipment to provide adequate power and environment for optimum performance
and compliance with applicable industry and governmental regulations. Special attention must be given in the
areas of safety, power distribution, shielding, audible noise control, and temperature regulation. In particular,
the drive must be securely mounted to guarantee the specified performance characteristics. Mounting by bot-
tom holes must meet the requirements of Section 8.3.
2.1
Standards
The Cheetah NS SAS family complies with Seagate standards as noted in the appropriate sections of this
manual and the Seagate SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071.
The Cheetah disk drive is a UL recognized component per UL 60950-1, CSA certified to CSA 60950-1, and
VDE or TUV certified to EN 60950-1.
2.1.1
Electromagnetic compatibility
The drive, as delivered, is designed for system integration and installation into a suitable enclosure prior to
use. The drive is supplied as a subassembly and is not subject to Subpart B of Part 15 of the FCC Rules and
Regulations nor the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
The design characteristics of the drive serve to minimize radiation when installed in an enclosure that provides
reasonable shielding. The drive is capable of meeting the Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of
the Canadian Department of Communications when properly packaged; however, it is the user’s responsibility
to assure that the drive meets the appropriate EMI requirements in their system. Shielded I/O cables may be
required if the enclosure does not provide adequate shielding. If the I/O cables are external to the enclosure,
shielded cables should be used, with the shields grounded to the enclosure and to the host controller.
2.1.1.1
Electromagnetic susceptibility
As a component assembly, the drive is not required to meet any susceptibility performance requirements. It is
the responsibility of those integrating the drive within their systems to perform those tests required and design
their system to ensure that equipment operating in the same system as the drive or external to the system
does not adversely affect the performance of the drive. See Table 12 for DC power requirements.
2
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
2.2
Compliance
2.2.1
Electromagnetic compliance
Seagate uses an independent laboratory to confirm compliance with the directives/standards for CE Marking
and C-Tick Marking. The drive was tested in a representative system for typical applications. The selected sys-
tem represents the most popular characteristics for test platforms. The system configurations include:
• Typical current use microprocessor
• 3.5-inch floppy disk drive
• Keyboard
• Monitor/display
• Printer
• External modem
• Mouse
Although the test system with this Seagate model complies with the directives/standards, we cannot guarantee
that all systems will comply. The computer manufacturer or system integrator shall confirm EMC compliance
and provide the appropriate marking for their product.
Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union
If this model has the CE Marking it complies with the European Union requirements of the Electromagnetic
Compatibility Directive 89/336/EEC of 03 May 1989 as amended by Directive 92/31/EEC of 28 April 1992 and
Directive 93/68/EEC of 22 July 1993.
Australian C-Tick
If this model has the C-Tick Marking it complies with the Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS3548 1995
and meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of Australia’s Spectrum Man-
agement Agency (SMA).
Korean MIC
If this model has the Korean Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) logo, it complies with paragraph
1 of Article 11 of the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Control Regulation and meets the Electromagnetic
Compatibility Framework requirements of the Radio Research Laboratory (RRL) Ministry of Information and
Communication Republic of Korea.
Taiwanese BSMI
If this model has two Chinese words meaning “EMC certification” followed by an eight digit identification num-
ber, as a Marking, it complies with Chinese National Standard (CNS) 13438 and meets the Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of the Taiwanese Bureau of Standards, Metrology, and Inspec-
tion (BSMI).
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
3
2.3
Reference documents
SCSI Commands Reference Manual
SAS Interface Manual
Seagate part number: 100293068
Seagate part number: 100293071
Applicable ANSI SAS documents
SFF-8323
3.5” Drive Form Factor with Serial Connector
SFF-8460
SFF-8470
SFF-8482
HSS Backplane Design Guidelines
Multi Lane Copper Connector
SAS Plug Connector
ANSI INCITS.xxx
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Standard (T10/1562-D)
SCSI Architecture Model-3 (SAM-3) Standard (T10/1561-D)
SCSI Primary Commands-3 (SPC-3) Standard (T10/1416-D)
SCSI Block Commands-2 (SBC-2) Standard (T10/1417-D)
ANSI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Documents
Specification for Acoustic Test Requirement and Procedures
Package Test Specification
X3.270-1996(SCSI-3) Architecture Model
Seagate part number: 30553-001
Seagate P/N 30190-001 (under 100 lb.)
Seagate P/N 30191-001 (over 100 lb.)
Package Test Specification
In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.
4
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
3.0
General description
Cheetah® NS 10K.2 SAS drives provide high performance, high capacity data storage for a variety of systems
including engineering workstations, network servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The Serial Attached
SCSI interface is designed to meet next-generation computing demands for performance, scalability, flexibility
and high-density storage requirements.
Cheetah drives are random access storage devices designed to support the Serial Attached SCSI Protocol as
described in the ANSI specifications, this document, and the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071)
which describes the general interface characteristics of this drive. Cheetah drives are classified as intelligent
peripherals and provide level 2 conformance (highest level) with the ANSI SCSI-1 standard. The SAS connec-
tors, cables and electrical interface are compatible with Serial ATA (SATA), giving future users the choice of
populating their systems with either SAS or SATA hard disk drives. This allows you to continue to leverage your
existing investment in SCSI while gaining a 3Gb/s serial data transfer rate.
The head and disk assembly (HDA) is sealed at the factory. Air recirculates within the HDA through a non-
replaceable filter to maintain a contamination-free HDA environment.
Note. Never disassemble the HDA and do not attempt to service items in the sealed enclosure (heads,
media, actuator, etc.) as this requires special facilities. The drive does not contain user-replaceable
parts. Opening the HDA for any reason voids your warranty.
Cheetah drives use a dedicated landing zone at the innermost radius of the media to eliminate the possibility of
destroying or degrading data by landing in the data zone. The heads automatically go to the landing zone when
power is removed from the drive.
An automatic shipping lock prevents potential damage to the heads and disks that results from movement dur-
ing shipping and handling. The shipping lock disengages and the head load process begins when power is
applied to the drive.
The drives also use a high-performance actuator assembly with a low-inertia, balanced, patented, straight arm
design that provides excellent performance with minimal power dissipation.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
5
3.1
Standard features
Cheetah NS SAS drives have the following standard features:
• Perpendicular recording technology
• 1.5 / 3 / 6 Gb Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interface
• Integrated dual port SAS controller
• Support for SAS expanders and fanout adapters
• Downloadable firmware using the SAS interface
• 128 - deep task set (queue)
• Supports up to 32 initiators
• Jumperless configuration.
• User-selectable logical block size (512, 520, 524, or 528 bytes per logical block)
• Programmable logical block reallocation scheme
• Flawed logical block reallocation at format time
• Programmable auto write and read reallocation
• Reallocation of defects on command (Post Format)
• ECC maximum burst correction length of 400 bits
• No preventive maintenance or adjustments required
• Dedicated head landing zone
• Embedded servo design
• Automatic shipping lock
• Self diagnostics performed when power is applied to the drive
• Zone bit recording (ZBR)
• Vertical, horizontal, or top down mounting
• Dynamic spindle brake
• Drive Self Test (DST)
• Background Media Scan (BGMS)
• Power Save
3.2
Media description
The media used on the drive has an aluminum substrate coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated
with a proprietary protective layer for improved durability and environmental protection.
3.3
Performance
• Firmware-controlled multisegmented cache designed to dynamically adjust segments for enhanced system
performance.
• 600 MB/sec maximum instantaneous data transfers.
• 10K RPM spindle. Average latency = 2.98 ms
• Command queuing of up to 128 commands
• Background processing of queue
• Supports start and stop commands (spindle stops spinning)
• Adaptive seek velocity; improved seek performance
3.4
Reliability
• Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) of 0.55%
• Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) of 1,600,000 hours
• Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)
• 5-year warranty
6
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
3.5
Formatted capacities
Standard OEM models are formatted to 512 bytes per block. The block size is selectable at format time and
must be a multiple of 4 bytes. Users having the necessary equipment may modify the data block size before
issuing a format command and obtain different formatted capacities than those listed.
To provide a stable target capacity environment and at the same time provide users with flexibility if they
choose, Seagate recommends product planning in one of two modes:
1. Seagate designs specify capacity points at certain block sizes that Seagate guarantees current and future
products will meet. We recommend customers use this capacity in their project planning, as it ensures a
stable operating point with backward and forward compatibility from generation to generation. The current
guaranteed operating points for this product are:
ST3600002SS
Decimal
ST3450802SS
Decimal
Sector Size
512
1,172,123,568
1,147,307,694
1,132,015,600
1,115,749,556
879,097,968
860,480,771
849,011,700
836,812,167
520
524
528
2. Seagate drives also may be used at the maximum available capacity at a given block size, but the excess
capacity above the guaranteed level will vary between other drive families and from generation to genera-
tion, depending on how each block size actually formats out for zone frequencies and splits over servo
bursts. This added capacity potential may range from 0.1 to 1.3 percent above the guaranteed capacities
listed above. Using the drives in this manner gives the absolute maximum capacity potential, but the user
must determine if the extra capacity potential is useful, or whether their assurance of backward and for-
ward compatibility takes precedence.
3.6
Programmable drive capacity
Using the Mode Select command, the drive can change its capacity to something less than maximum. See the
Mode Select (6) parameter list table in the SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071. A value of zero in
the Number of Blocks field indicates that the drive will not change the capacity it is currently formatted to have.
A number other than zero and less than the maximum number of LBAs in the Number of Blocks field changes
the total drive capacity to the value in the Number of Blocks field. A value greater than the maximum number of
LBAs is rounded down to the maximum capacity.
3.7
Factory-installed options
You may order the following items which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or
packaged before shipping. Some of the options available are (not an exhaustive list of possible options):
• Other capacities can be ordered depending on sparing scheme and sector size requested.
• Single-unit shipping pack. The drive is normally shipped in bulk packaging to provide maximum protection
against transit damage. Units shipped individually require additional protection as provided by the single unit
shipping pack. Users planning single unit distribution should specify this option.
• The Safety and Regulatory Agency Specifications, part number 75789512, is usually included with each
standard OEM drive shipped, but extra copies may be ordered.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
7
4.0
Performance characteristics
This section provides detailed information concerning performance-related characteristics and features of
Cheetah NS SAS drives.
4.1
Internal drive characteristics
ST3600002SS
600
ST3450802SS
450
*
Drive capacity
GB (formatted, rounded off value)
Read/write data heads
Tracks per inch
Peak bits per inch
Areal Density
8
6
165,000
1,347
225
165,000
1,347
225
TPI
kBPI
Gb/inch
2
Internal data rate
Disk rotation speed
Avg rotational latency
1.01 to 1.84
10K
2.98
1.01 to 1.84
10K
2.98
Gb/sec (variable with zone)
rpm
ms
*One Gbyte equals one billion bytes when referring to hard drive capacity. Accessible capacity may vary depending on operating environment
and formatting.
4.2
Seek performance
100293071) for additional timing details.
4.2.1
Access time
1 2
,
Not Including controller overhead
(ms)
Read
3.8
Write
4.4
Average
Typical
Typical
Typical
Single track
Full stroke
0.22
8.1
0.22
8.7
1.
2.
Typical access times are measured under nominal conditions of temperature, voltage, and
horizontal orientation as measured on a representative sample of drives.
Access to data = access time + latency time.
8
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
4.2.2
Format command execution time (minutes)
ST3600002SS
ST3450802SS
Maximum (with verify)
182
101
129
68
Maximum (without verify)
Execution time measured from receipt of the last byte of the Command Descriptor Block (CDB) to the request
for a Status Byte Transfer to the Initiator (excluding connect/disconnect).
When changing sector sizes, the format times shown above may need to be increased by 30 minutes.
4.2.3
General performance characteristics
Sustainable disk transfer rate*:
Minimum
82 MB/sec
Maximum
150 MB/sec
SAS Interface maximum instantaneous transfer rate
Logical block sizes
600 MB/sec* per port
Default is 512-byte data blocks
Sector sizes variable to 512, 520, 524, and 528 kbytes.
Read/write consecutive sectors on a track
Yes
Flaw reallocation performance impact (for flaws reallocated at format time using
the spare sectors per sparing zone reallocation scheme.)
Negligible
*Assumes no errors and no relocated logical blocks. Rate measured from the start of the first logical block transfer to or
from the host.
4.3
Start/stop time
The drive accepts the commands listed in the SAS Interface Manual less than 3 seconds after DC power has
been applied.
If the drive receives a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port and has not received a START
STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30
seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0 before receiving a NOTIFY
(ENABLE SPINUP) primitive, the drive waits for a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1.
After receiving a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1, the drive waits for a NOTIFY
(ENABLE SPINUP) primitive. After receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port, the
drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit and IMMED bit equal to 1 and does
not receive a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive within 5 seconds, the drive fails the START STOP UNIT
command.
The START STOP UNIT command may be used to command the drive to stop the spindle. Stop time is 30 sec-
onds (maximum) from removal of DC power.
There is no power control switch on the drive.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9
4.4
Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control
The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahead) and multi-segmented cache control algorithms that in many
cases can enhance system performance. Cache refers to the drive buffer storage space when it is used in
cache operations. To select this feature, the host sends the Mode Select command with the proper values in
the applicable bytes in page 08h. Prefetch and cache operations are independent features from the standpoint
that each is enabled and disabled independently using the Mode Select command; however, in actual opera-
tion, the prefetch feature overlaps cache operation somewhat as described in sections 4.5.1 and 4.5.2.
All default cache and prefetch mode parameter values (Mode Page 08h) for standard OEM versions of this
drive family are given in Section 9.3.2.1.
4.5
Cache operation
Note. Refer to the SAS Interface Manual for more detail concerning the cache bits.
Of the 16 MB physical buffer space in the drive, approximately 13,000 kbytes can be used as a cache. The buf-
fer is divided into logical segments from which data is read and to which data is written.
The drive keeps track of the logical block addresses of the data stored in each segment of the buffer. If the
cache is enabled (see RCD bit in the SAS Interface Manual), data requested by the host with a read command
is retrieved from the buffer, if possible, before any disk access is initiated. If cache operation is not enabled, the
buffer is still used, but only as circular buffer segments during disk medium read operations (disregarding
Prefetch operation for the moment). That is, the drive does not check in the buffer segments for the requested
read data, but goes directly to the medium to retrieve it. The retrieved data merely passes through some buffer
segment on the way to the host. All data transfers to the host are in accordance with buffer-full ratio rules. See
the explanation provided with the information about Mode Page 02h (disconnect/reconnect control) in the SAS
Interface Manual.
The following is a simplified description of the prefetch/cache operation:
Case A—read command is received and all of the requested logical blocks are already in the cache:
1. Drive transfers the requested logical blocks to the initiator.
Case B—A Read command requests data, and at least one requested logical block is not in any segment of
the cache:
1. The drive fetches the requested logical blocks from the disk and transfers them into a segment, and then
from there to the host in accordance with the Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.
Each cache segment is actually a self-contained circular buffer whose length is an integer number of logical
blocks. The drive dynamically creates and removes segments based on the workload. The wrap-around capa-
bility of the individual segments greatly enhances the cache’s overall performance.
Note. The size of each segment is not reported by Mode Sense command page 08h, bytes 14 and 15.
The value 0XFFFF is always reported regardless of the actual size of the segment. Sending a size
specification using the Mode Select command (bytes 14 and 15) does not set up a new segment
size. If the STRICT bit in Mode page 00h (byte 2, bit 1) is set to one, the drive responds as it does
for any attempt to change an unchangeable parameter.
4.5.1
Caching write data
Write caching is a write operation by the drive that makes use of a drive buffer storage area where the data to
be written to the medium is stored while the drive performs the Write command.
If read caching is enabled (RCD=0), then data written to the medium is retained in the cache to be made avail-
able for future read cache hits. The same buffer space and segmentation is used as set up for read functions.
10
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
The buffer segmentation scheme is set up or changed independently, having nothing to do with the state of
RCD. When a write command is issued, if RCD=0, the cache is first checked to see if any logical blocks that
are to be written are already stored in the cache from a previous read or write command. If there are, the
respective cache segments are cleared. The new data is cached for subsequent Read commands.
If the number of write data logical blocks exceed the size of the segment being written into, when the end of the
segment is reached, the data is written into the beginning of the same cache segment, overwriting the data that
was written there at the beginning of the operation; however, the drive does not overwrite data that has not yet
been written to the medium.
If write caching is enabled (WCE=1), then the drive may return Good status on a write command after the data
has been transferred into the cache, but before the data has been written to the medium. If an error occurs
while writing the data to the medium, and Good status has already been returned, a deferred error will be gen-
erated.
The Synchronize Cache command may be used to force the drive to write all cached write data to the medium.
Upon completion of a Synchronize Cache command, all data received from previous write commands will have
been written to the medium.
4.5.2
Prefetch operation
If the Prefetch feature is enabled, data in contiguous logical blocks on the disk immediately beyond that which
was requested by a Read command are retrieved and stored in the buffer for immediate transfer from the buf-
fer to the host on subsequent Read commands that request those logical blocks (this is true even if cache
operation is disabled). Though the prefetch operation uses the buffer as a cache, finding the requested data in
the buffer is a prefetch hit, not a cache operation hit.
To enable Prefetch, use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disable Read Ahead - DRA bit). DRA bit = 0
enables prefetch.
The drive does not use the Max Prefetch field (bytes 8 and 9) or the Prefetch Ceiling field (bytes 10 and 11).
When prefetch (read look-ahead) is enabled (enabled by DRA = 0), the drive enables prefetch of contiguous
blocks from the disk when it senses that a prefetch hit will likely occur. The drive disables prefetch when it
decides that a prefetch hit is not likely to occur.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
11
5.0
Reliability specifications
The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all inter-
face timings, power supply voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints.
Seek error rate:
Less than 10 errors in 108 seeks
1
Read Error Rates
Recovered Data
Unrecovered Data
Miscorrected Data
Less than 10 sector in 1012 bits transferred (OEM default settings)
Less than 1 sector in 1016 bits transferred
Less than 1 sector in 1021 bits transferred
Less than 1 error in 1012 bits transferred
1,600,000 hours
Interface error rate:
MTBF
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR)
Preventive maintenance:
0.55%
None required
1.
Error rate specified with automatic retries and data correction with ECC enabled and all flaws reallocated.
5.1
Error rates
The error rates stated in this manual assume the following:
• Errors caused by host system failures are excluded from error rate computations.
• Assume random data.
• Default OEM error recovery settings are applied. This includes AWRE, ARRE, full read retries, full write
retries and full retry time.
5.1.1
Recoverable Errors
Recoverable errors are those detected and corrected by the drive, and do not require user intervention.
Recoverable Data errors will use correction, although ECC on-the-fly is not considered for purposes of recov-
ered error specifications.
Recovered Data error rate is determined using read bits transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a
read, and using write bits transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a write.
5.1.2
Unrecoverable Errors
Unrecoverable Data Errors (Sense Key = 03h) are specified at less than 1 sector in error per 1016 bits trans-
ferred. Unrecoverable Data Errors resulting from the same cause are treated as 1 error for that block.
5.1.3
Seek errors
A seek error is defined as a failure of the drive to position the heads to the addressed track. After detecting an
initial seek error, the drive automatically performs an error recovery process. If the error recovery process fails,
12
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
a seek positioning error (Error code = 15h or 02h) will be reported with a Hardware error (04h) in the Sense
8
Key. Recoverable seek errors are specified at Less than 10 errors in 10 seeks. Unrecoverable seek errors
(Sense Key = 04h) are classified as drive failures.
5.1.4
Interface errors
An interface error is defined as a failure of the receiver on a port to recover the data as transmitted by the
device port connected to the receiver. The error may be detected as a running disparity error, illegal code, loss
of word sync, or CRC error.
5.2
Reliability and service
You can enhance the reliability of disk drives by ensuring that the drive receives adequate cooling. Section 6.0
provides temperature measurements and other information that may be used to enhance the service life of the
5.2.1
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
These drives shall achieve an AFR of 0.55% (MTBF of 1,600,000 hours) when operated in an environment that
ensures the HDA case temperatures do not exceed the values specified in Section 6.4.1.
Operation at case temperatures outside the specifications in Section 6.4.1 may increase the AFR (decrease
the MTBF).
AFR and MTBF statistics are population statistics that are not relevant to individual units. AFR and MTBF spec-
ifications are based on the following assumptions for Enterprise Storage System environments:
• 8,760 power-on hours per year
• 250 average on/off cycles per year
• Operating at nominal voltages
• System provides adequate cooling to ensure the case temperatures specified in Section 6.4.1 are not
exceeded.
5.2.2
Preventive maintenance
No routine scheduled preventive maintenance is required.
5.2.3
Hot plugging the drive
When a disk is powered on by switching the power or hot plugged, the drive runs a self test before attempting
to communicate on its’ interfaces. When the self test completes successfully, the drive initiates a Link Reset
starting with OOB. An attached device should respond to the link reset. If the link reset attempt fails, or any
time the drive looses sync, the drive initiated link reset. The drive will initiate link reset once per second but
alternates between port A and B. Therefore each port will attempt a link reset once per 2 seconds assuming
both ports are out of sync.
If the self-test fails, the does not respond to link reset on the failing port.
Note. It is the responsibility of the systems integrator to assure that no temperature, energy, voltage haz-
ard, or ESD potential hazard is presented during the hot connect/disconnect operation. Discharge
the static electricity from the drive carrier prior to inserting it into the system.
Caution. The drive motor must come to a complete stop prior to changing the plane of operation. This time is
required to insure data integrity.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
13
5.2.4
S.M.A.R.T.
S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym for Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. This technology is intended
to recognize conditions that indicate imminent drive failure and is designed to provide sufficient warning of a
failure to allow you to back up the data before an actual failure occurs.
Note. The drive’s firmware monitors specific attributes for degradation over time but can’t predict instanta-
neous drive failures.
Each monitored attribute has been selected to monitor a specific set of failure conditions in the operating per-
formance of the drive and the thresholds are optimized to minimize “false” and “failed” predictions.
Controlling S.M.A.R.T.
The operating mode of S.M.A.R.T. is controlled by the DEXCPT and PERF bits on the Informational Exceptions
Control mode page (1Ch). Use the DEXCPT bit to enable or disable the S.M.A.R.T. feature. Setting the DEX-
CPT bit disables all S.M.A.R.T. functions. When enabled, S.M.A.R.T. collects on-line data as the drive performs
normal read and write operations. When the PERF bit is set, the drive is considered to be in “On-line Mode
Only” and will not perform off-line functions.
You can measure off-line attributes and force the drive to save the data by using the Rezero Unit command.
Forcing S.M.A.R.T. resets the timer so that the next scheduled interrupt is in two hours.
You can interrogate the drive through the host to determine the time remaining before the next scheduled mea-
surement and data logging process occurs. To accomplish this, issue a Log Sense command to log page 0x3E.
This allows you to control when S.M.A.R.T. interruptions occur. Forcing S.M.A.R.T. with the RTZ command
resets the timer.
Performance impact
S.M.A.R.T. attribute data is saved to the disk so that the events that caused a predictive failure can be recre-
ated. The drive measures and saves parameters once every two hours subject to an idle period on the drive
interfaces. The process of measuring off-line attribute data and saving data to the disk is uninterruptable. The
maximum on-line only processing delay is summarized below:
Maximum processing delay
On-line only delay
Fully-enabled delay
DEXCPT = 0, PERF = 1
DEXCPT = 0, PERF = 0
S.M.A.R.T. delay times
42 ms
163 ms
5.2.5
Reporting control
Reporting is controlled by the MRIE bits in the Informational Exceptions Control mode page (1Ch). Subject to
the reporting method, the firmware will issue to the host an 01-5Dxx sense code. The error code is preserved
through bus resets and power cycles.
Determining rate
S.M.A.R.T. monitors the rate at which errors occur and signals a predictive failure if the rate of degraded errors
increases to an unacceptable level. To determine rate, error events are logged and compared to the number of
total operations for a given attribute. The interval defines the number of operations over which to measure the
rate. The counter that keeps track of the current number of operations is referred to as the Interval Counter.
S.M.A.R.T. measures error rates. All errors for each monitored attribute are recorded. A counter keeps track of
the number of errors for the current interval. This counter is referred to as the Failure Counter.
Error rate is the number of errors per operation. The algorithm that S.M.A.R.T. uses to record rates of error is to
set thresholds for the number of errors and their interval. If the number of errors exceeds the threshold before
14
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be unacceptable. If the number of errors does not exceed
the threshold before the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be acceptable. In either case, the inter-
val and failure counters are reset and the process starts over.
Predictive failures
S.M.A.R.T. signals predictive failures when the drive is performing unacceptably for a period of time. The firm-
ware keeps a running count of the number of times the error rate for each attribute is unacceptable. To accom-
plish this, a counter is incremented each time the error rate is unacceptable and decremented (not to exceed
zero) whenever the error rate is acceptable. If the counter continually increments such that it reaches the pre-
dictive threshold, a predictive failure is signaled. This counter is referred to as the Failure History Counter.
There is a separate Failure History Counter for each attribute.
5.2.6
Thermal monitor
Cheetah drives implement a temperature warning system which:
1. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a value which would threaten the drive.
2. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a user-specified value.
3. Saves a S.M.A.R.T. data frame on the drive which exceeds the threatening temperature value.
A temperature sensor monitors the drive temperature and issues a warning over the interface when the tem-
perature exceeds a set threshold. The temperature is measured at power-up and then at ten-minute intervals
after power-up.
The thermal monitor system generates a warning code of 01-0B01 when the temperature exceeds the speci-
fied limit in compliance with the SCSI standard. The drive temperature is reported in the FRU code field of
mode sense data. You can use this information to determine if the warning is due to the temperature exceeding
the drive threatening temperature or the user-specified temperature.
This feature is controlled by the Enable Warning (EWasc) bit, and the reporting mechanism is controlled by the
Method of Reporting Informational Exceptions field (MRIE) on the Informational Exceptions Control (IEC)
mode page (1Ch).
The current algorithm implements two temperature trip points. The first trip point is set at 68°C which is the
maximum temperature limit according to the drive specification. The second trip point is user-selectable using
the Log Select command. The reference temperature parameter in the temperature log page (see Table 11)
can be used to set this trip point. The default value for this drive is 68°C, however, you can set it to any value in
the range of 0 to 68°C. If you specify a temperature greater than 68°C in this field, the temperature is rounded
down to 68°C. A sense code is sent to the host to indicate the rounding of the parameter field.
Table 11:
Temperature Log Page (0Dh)
Parameter Code
Description
0000h
0001h
Primary Temperature
Reference Temperature
5.2.7
Drive Self Test (DST)
Drive Self Test (DST) is a technology designed to recognize drive fault conditions that qualify the drive as a
failed unit. DST validates the functionality of the drive at a system level.
There are two test coverage options implemented in DST:
1. Extended test
2. Short test
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
15
The most thorough option is the extended test that performs various tests on the drive and scans every logical
block address (LBA) of the drive. The short test is time-restricted and limited in length—it does not scan the
entire media surface, but does some fundamental tests and scans portions of the media.
If DST encounters an error during either of these tests, it reports a fault condition. If the drive fails the test,
remove it from service and return it to Seagate for service.
5.2.7.1
DST failure definition
The drive will present a “diagnostic failed” condition through the self-tests results value of the diagnostic log
page if a functional failure is encountered during DST. The channel and servo parameters are not modified to
test the drive more stringently, and the number of retries are not reduced. All retries and recovery processes
are enabled during the test. If data is recoverable, no failure condition will be reported regardless of the number
of retries required to recover the data.
The following conditions are considered DST failure conditions:
• Seek error after retries are exhausted
• Track-follow error after retries are exhausted
• Read error after retries are exhausted
• Write error after retries are exhausted
Recovered errors will not be reported as diagnostic failures.
5.2.7.2
Implementation
This section provides all of the information necessary to implement the DST function on this drive.
5.2.7.2.1
State of the drive prior to testing
The drive must be in a ready state before issuing the Send Diagnostic command. There are multiple reasons
why a drive may not be ready, some of which are valid conditions, and not errors. For example, a drive may be
in process of doing a format, or another DST. It is the responsibility of the host application to determine the “not
ready” cause.
While not technically part of DST, a Not Ready condition also qualifies the drive to be returned to Seagate as a
failed drive.
A Drive Not Ready condition is reported by the drive under the following conditions:
• Motor will not spin
• Motor will not lock to speed
• Servo will not lock on track
• Drive cannot read configuration tables from the disk
In these conditions, the drive responds to a Test Unit Ready command with an 02/04/00 or 02/04/03 code.
5.2.7.2.2
Invoking DST
To invoke DST, submit the Send Diagnostic command with the appropriate Function Code (001b for the short
test or 010b for the extended test) in bytes 1, bits 5, 6, and 7.
5.2.7.2.3
Short and extended tests
DST has two testing options:
1. short
2. extended
These testing options are described in the following two subsections.
16
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
Each test consists of three segments: an electrical test segment, a servo test segment, and a read/verify scan
segment.
Short test (Function Code: 001b)
The purpose of the short test is to provide a time-limited test that tests as much of the drive as possible within
120 seconds. The short test does not scan the entire media surface, but does some fundamental tests and
scans portions of the media. A complete read/verify scan is not performed and only factual failures will report a
fault condition. This option provides a quick confidence test of the drive.
Extended test (Function Code: 010b)
The objective of the extended test option is to empirically test critical drive components. For example, the seek
tests and on-track operations test the positioning mechanism. The read operation tests the read head element
and the media surface. The write element is tested through read/write/read operations. The integrity of the
media is checked through a read/verify scan of the media. Motor functionality is tested by default as a part of
these tests.
The anticipated length of the Extended test is reported through the Control Mode page.
5.2.7.2.4
Log page entries
When the drive begins DST, it creates a new entry in the Self-test Results Log page. The new entry is created
by inserting a new self-test parameter block at the beginning of the self-test results log parameter section of the
log page. Existing data will be moved to make room for the new parameter block. The drive reports 20 param-
eter blocks in the log page. If there are more than 20 parameter blocks, the least recent parameter block will be
deleted. The new parameter block will be initialized as follows:
1. The Function Code field is set to the same value as sent in the DST command
2. The Self-Test Results Value field is set to Fh
3. The drive will store the log page to non-volatile memory
After a self-test is complete or has been aborted, the drive updates the Self-Test Results Value field in its Self-
Test Results Log page in non-volatile memory. The host may use Log Sense to read the results from up to the
last 20 self-tests performed by the drive. The self-test results value is a 4-bit field that reports the results of the
test. If the field is set to zero, the drive passed with no errors detected by the DST. If the field is not set to zero,
the test failed for the reason reported in the field.
The drive will report the failure condition and LBA (if applicable) in the Self-test Results Log parameter. The
Sense key, ASC, ASCQ, and FRU are used to report the failure condition.
5.2.7.2.5
Abort
There are several ways to abort a diagnostic. You can use a SCSI Bus Reset or a Bus Device Reset message
to abort the diagnostic.
You can abort a DST executing in background mode by using the abort code in the DST Function Code field.
This will cause a 01 (self-test aborted by the application client) code to appear in the self-test results values
log. All other abort mechanisms will be reported as a 02 (self-test routine was interrupted by a reset condition).
5.2.8
Product warranty
Beginning on the date of shipment to the customer and continuing for the period specified in your purchase
contract, Seagate warrants that each product (including components and subassemblies) that fails to function
properly under normal use due to defect in materials or workmanship or due to nonconformance to the applica-
ble specifications will be repaired or replaced, at Seagate’s option and at no charge to the customer, if returned
by customer at customer’s expense to Seagate’s designated facility in accordance with Seagate’s warranty
procedure. Seagate will pay for transporting the repair or replacement item to the customer. For more detailed
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
17
warranty information, refer to the standard terms and conditions of purchase for Seagate products on your pur-
chase documentation.
The remaining warranty for a particular drive can be determined by calling Seagate Customer Service at
1-800-468-3472. You can also determine remaining warranty using the Seagate web site (www.seagate.com).
The drive serial number is required to determine remaining warranty information.
Shipping
When transporting or shipping a drive, use only a Seagate-approved container. Keep your original box. Sea-
gate approved containers are easily identified by the Seagate Approved Package label. Shipping a drive in a
non-approved container voids the drive warranty.
Seagate repair centers may refuse receipt of components improperly packaged or obviously damaged in tran-
sit. Contact your authorized Seagate distributor to purchase additional boxes. Seagate recommends shipping
by an air-ride carrier experienced in handling computer equipment.
Product repair and return information
Seagate customer service centers are the only facilities authorized to service Seagate drives. Seagate does
not sanction any third-party repair facilities. Any unauthorized repair or tampering with the factory seal voids
the warranty.
18
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
6.0
Physical/electrical specifications
This section provides information relating to the physical and electrical characteristics of the drive.
6.1
AC power requirements
DC power requirements
None.
6.2
The voltage and current requirements for a single drive are shown below. Values indicated apply at the drive
connector.
Table 12:
ST3600002SS DC power requirements
1.5 Gb mode
(Amps) (Amps)
3 Gb mode
(Amps)
+5V
6 Gb mode
(Amps)
+5V
Notes
(Amps)
+12V [2]
±5% [2]
0.36
(Amps)
+12V [2]
±5% [2]
0.35
Voltage
+5V
±5%
0.35
+12V [2]
±5% [2]
0.37
Regulation
[5]
±5%
±5%
Avg idle current DCX
Maximum starting current
(peak DC) DC
(peak AC) AC
[1] [6]
0.38
0.32
3σ
[3]
0.48
0.82
0.43
1.81
3.60
0.04
0.60
1.02
0.46
1.81
3.60
0.04
0.48
0.84
0.45
1.80
3.71
0.04
3σ
[3]
Delayed motor start (max) DC 3σ
Peak operating current:
Typical DCX
[1] [4]
[1]
[1]
0.38
0.38
1.00
0.66
0.68
2.50
0.39
0.40
1.02
0.65
0.66
2.58
0.42
0.43
1.06
0.66
0.67
2.46
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
3σ
[1] Measured with average reading DC ammeter or equivalent sampling scope. Instantaneous +12V current
peaks will exceed these values. Power supply at nominal voltage. N (number of drives tested) = 6, 35
Degrees C ambient.
[2] For +12 V, a –10% tolerance is allowed during initial spindle start but must return to ±5% before reaching
10,000 RPM. The ±5% must be maintained after the drive signifies that its power-up sequence has been
completed and that the drive is able to accept selection by the host initiator.
[4] This condition occurs after OOB and Speed Negotiation completes but before the drive has received the
Notify Spinup primitive.
[5] See paragraph 6.2.1, "Conducted noise immunity." Specified voltage tolerance includes ripple, noise, and
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
19
transient response.
[6] During idle, the drive heads are relocated every 60 seconds to a random location within the band from
three-quarters to maximum track.
Table 13:
ST3450802SS DC power requirements
1.5 Gb mode
(Amps) (Amps)
3 Gb mode
(Amps)
+5V
6 Gb mode
(Amps)
+5V
Notes
(Amps)
+12V [2]
±5% [2]
0.32
(Amps)
+12V [2]
±5% [2]
0.31
Voltage
+5V
±5%
0.36
+12V [2]
±5% [2]
0.33
Regulation
[5]
±5%
±5%
Avg idle current DCX
Maximum starting current
(peak DC) DC
(peak AC) AC
[1] [6]
0.38
0.32
3σ
[3]
0.47
0.92
0.44
1.78
4.04
0.04
0.61
1.00
0.46
1.78
4.14
0.04
0.46
0.76
0.46
1.77
3.45
0.04
3σ
[3]
Delayed motor start (max) DC 3σ
Peak operating current:
Typical DCX
[1] [4]
[1]
[1]
0.38
0.38
1.00
0.61
0.64
2.46
0.39
0.40
1.02
0.60
0.61
2.48
0.42
0.43
1.04
0.61
0.62
2.42
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
3σ
[1] Measured with average reading DC ammeter or equivalent sampling scope. Instantaneous +12V current
peaks will exceed these values. Power supply at nominal voltage. N (number of drives tested) = 6, 35
Degrees C ambient.
[2] For +12 V, a –10% tolerance is allowed during initial spindle start but must return to ±5% before reaching
10,000 RPM. The ±5% must be maintained after the drive signifies that its power-up sequence has been
completed and that the drive is able to accept selection by the host initiator.
[4] This condition occurs after OOB and Speed Negotiation completes but before the drive has received the
Notify Spinup primitive.
[5] See paragraph 6.2.1, "Conducted noise immunity." Specified voltage tolerance includes ripple, noise, and
transient response.
[6] During idle, the drive heads are relocated every 60 seconds to a random location within the band from
three-quarters to maximum track.
General DC power requirement notes.
1. Minimum current loading for each supply voltage is not less than 1.7% of the maximum operating current
shown.
2. The +5V and +12V supplies should employ separate ground returns.
3. Where power is provided to multiple drives from a common supply, careful consideration for individual
drive power requirements should be noted. Where multiple units are powered on simultaneously, the peak
starting current must be available to each device.
4. Parameters, other than spindle start, are measured after a 10-minute warm up.
5. No terminator power.
20
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
6.2.1
Conducted noise immunity
Noise is specified as a periodic and random distribution of frequencies covering a band from DC to 10 MHz.
Maximum allowed noise values given below are peak-to-peak measurements and apply at the drive power
connector.
+5V
=
=
250 mV pp from 0 to 100 kHz to 20 MHz
+12V
800 mV pp from 100 Hz to 8 KHz
450 mV pp from 8 KHz to 20 KHz
250 mV pp from 20 KHz to 5 MHz
6.2.2
Power sequencing
The drive does not require power sequencing. The drive protects against inadvertent writing during power-up
and down.
6.2.3
Current profiles
The +12V and +5V current profiles are shown below in figure 1.
Note: All times and currents are typical. See Table 12 for maximum current requirements.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
21
6.3
Power dissipation
ST3600002SS
Typical power dissipation under idle conditions in 6Gb operation is 10.03W (34.23 BTUs per hour) To obtain
operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 3). Locate
the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current,
+12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by 3.4123.
Figure 3.
ST3600002SS (6 Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
ST3450802SS
Typical power dissipation under idle conditions in 6Gb operation is 9.57W (32.66 BTUs per hour). To obtain
operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 3). Locate
the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current,
+12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by 3.4123.
Figure 4.
ST3450802SS (6 Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
23
6.4
Environmental limits
Temperature and humidity values experienced by the drive must be such that condensation does not occur on
any drive part. Altitude and atmospheric pressure specifications are referenced to a standard day at 58.7°F
(14.8°C). Maximum wet bulb temperature is 82°F (28°C).
6.4.1
Temperature
a. Operating
The maximum allowable continuous or sustained HDA case temperature for the rated Annualized Failure
Rate (AFR) is 122°F (50°C) The maximum allowable HDA case temperature is 60°C. Occasional excur-
sions of HDA case temperatures above 122°F (50°C) or below 41°F (5°C) may occur without impact to
specified AFR. Continual or sustained operation at HDA case temperatures outside these limits may
degrade AFR.
Provided the HDA case temperatures limits are met, the drive meets all specifications over a 41°F to 131°F
(5°C to 55°C) drive ambient temperature range with a maximum temperature gradient of 86°F (30°C) per
hour. Air flow may be needed in the drive enclosure to keep within this range (see Section 8.3). Operation at
HDA case temperatures outside this range may adversely affect the drives ability to meet specifications. To
confirm that the required cooling for the electronics and HDA case is provided, place the drive in its final
mechanical configuration, perform random write/read operations and measure the HDA case temperature
after it has stabilized.
b. Non-operating
–40° to 158°F (–40° to 70°C) package ambient with a maximum gradient of 86°F (30°C) per hour. This
specification assumes that the drive is packaged in the shipping container designed by Seagate for use with
drive.
HDA Temp.
1.0"
Check Point
.5"
Figure 5.
Location of the HDA temperature check point
24
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
6.4.2
Relative humidity
The values below assume that no condensation on the drive occurs.
a. Operating
5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity with a maximum gradient of 20% per hour.
b. Non-operating
5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity.
6.4.3
Effective altitude (sea level)
a. Operating
–1,000 to +10,000 feet (–305 to +3,048 meters)
b. Non-operating
–1,000 to +40,000 feet (–305 to +12,192 meters)
6.4.4
Shock and vibration
Shock and vibration limits specified in this document are measured directly on the drive chassis. If the drive is
installed in an enclosure to which the stated shock and/or vibration criteria is applied, resonances may occur
internally to the enclosure resulting in drive movement in excess of the stated limits. If this situation is apparent,
it may be necessary to modify the enclosure to minimize drive movement.
The limits of shock and vibration defined within this document are specified with the drive mounted by any of
6.4.4.1
Shock
a. Operating—normal
The drive, as installed for normal operation, shall operate error free while subjected to intermittent shock not
exceeding:
• 15 Gs at a duration of 11 ms (half sinewave)
• 20 Gs at a duration of 2 ms (half sinewave)
• 60 Gs at a duration of 2 ms (half sinewave) when performing reads only
Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis. Shock is not to be repeated more than once every 2 seconds.
b. Operating—abnormal
Equipment, as installed for normal operation, does not incur physical damage while subjected to intermit-
tent shock not exceeding 40 Gs at a duration of 11 ms (half sinewave). Shock occurring at abnormal levels
may promote degraded operational performance during the abnormal shock period. Specified operational
performance will continue when normal operating shock levels resume. Shock may be applied in the X, Y,
or Z axis. Shock is not to be repeated more than once every 2 seconds.
c. Non-operating
The limits of non-operating shock shall apply to all conditions of handling and transportation. This includes
both isolated drives and integrated drives.
The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding the three values below, shall not exhibit device
damage or performance degradation.
• 80 Gs at a duration of 11 ms (half sinewave)
• 300 Gs at a duration of 2 ms (half sinewave)
• 150 Gs at a duration of 0.5 ms (half sinewave)
Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
25
d. Packaged
Disk drives shipped as loose load (not palletized) general freight will be packaged to withstand drops from
heights as defined in the table below. For additional details refer to Seagate specifications 30190-001
(under 100 lbs/45 kg) or 30191-001 (over 100 lbs/45 Kg).
Package size
Packaged/product weight
Any
Drop height
<600 cu in (<9,800 cu cm)
600-1800 cu in (9,800-19,700 cu cm)
>1800 cu in (>19,700 cu cm)
>600 cu in (>9,800 cu cm)
60 in (1524 mm)
48 in (1219 mm)
42 in (1067 mm)
36 in (914 mm)
0-20 lb (0 to 9.1 kg)
0-20 lb (0 to 9.1 kg)
20-40 lb (9.1 to 18.1 kg)
Drives packaged in single or multipacks with a gross weight of 20 pounds (8.95 kg) or less by Seagate for
general freight shipment shall withstand a drop test from 48 inches (1,070 mm) against a concrete floor or
equivalent.
Z
X
Y
X
Z
Y
Figure 6.
Recommended mounting
26
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
6.4.4.2
Vibration
a. Operating—normal
The drive as installed for normal operation, shall comply with the complete specified performance while
subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding
10 - 300 Hz
301 - 500 Hz
1.0 G RMS (0 to peak)
0.5 G RMS (0 to peak)
Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
b. Operating—abnormal
Equipment as installed for normal operation shall not incur physical damage while subjected to periodic
vibration not exceeding:
15 minutes of duration at major resonant frequency
Vibration occurring at these levels may degrade operational performance during the abnormal vibration
period. Specified operational performance will continue when normal operating vibration levels are
resumed. This assumes system recovery routines are available.
Operating abnormal translational random flat profile
5 - 500 Hz
10-300 Hz
0.75 G (0 to peak)
0.0029 G2/Hz
c. Non-operating
The limits of non-operating vibration shall apply to all conditions of handling and transportation. This
includes both isolated drives and integrated drives.
The drive shall not incur physical damage or degraded performance as a result of continuous vibration not
exceeding
5 - 22 Hz
0.25 G (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octive/min)
3 G (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octive/min)
1 G (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min)
22 - 350 Hz
350 - 500 Hz
Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
6.4.5
Acoustics
Sound power during idle mode shall be 3.4 bels typical when measured to ISO 7779 specification. Sound
power while operating shall be 3.6 bels typical when measured to ISO 7779 specification.
There will not be any discrete tones more than 10 dB above the masking noise on typical drives when mea-
sured according to Seagate specification 30553-001. There will not be any tones more than 24 dB above the
masking noise on any drive.
6.4.6
Air cleanliness
The drive is designed to operate in a typical office environment with minimal environmental control.
6.4.7
Corrosive environment
Seagate electronic drive components pass accelerated corrosion testing equivalent to 10 years exposure to
light industrial environments containing sulfurous gases, chlorine and nitric oxide, classes G and H per ASTM
B845. However, this accelerated testing cannot duplicate every potential application environment.
Users should use caution exposing any electronic components to uncontrolled chemical pollutants and corro-
sive chemicals as electronic drive component reliability can be affected by the installation environment. The sil-
ver, copper, nickel and gold films used in Seagate products are especially sensitive to the presence of sulfide,
chloride, and nitrate contaminants. Sulfur is found to be the most damaging. In addition, electronic components
should never be exposed to condensing water on the surface of the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) or
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
27
exposed to an ambient relative humidity greater than 95%. Materials used in cabinet fabrication, such as vulca-
nized rubber, that can outgas corrosive compounds should be minimized or eliminated. The useful life of any
electronic equipment may be extended by replacing materials near circuitry with sulfide-free alternatives.
6.4.8
European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
Seagate designs its products to meet environmental protection requirements worldwide, including regulations
restricting certain chemical substances. A new law, the European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances
(RoHS) Directive, restricts the presence of chemical substances, including Lead, Cadmium, Mercury,
Hexavalent Chromium, PBB and PBDE, in electronic products, effective July 2006. This drive is manufactured
with components and materials that comply with the RoHS Directive.
6.4.9
China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
This product has an Environmental Protection Use Period (EPUP) of 20 years. The following
table contains information mandated by China's "Marking Requirements for Control of Pollution
Caused by Electronic Information Products" Standard.
"O" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogenous material level) is lower
than the threshold defined by the China RoHS MCV Standard.
"X" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogenous material level) is over
the threshold defined by the China RoHS MCV Standard.
6.4.10
Electromagnetic susceptibility
See Section 2.1.1.1.
28
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
7.0
Defect and error management
Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are
designed to increase data integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation.
SCSI defect and error management involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error
considerations (errors in communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides
the following technologies used to increase data integrity and drive reliability:
The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management
routines.
7.1
Drive internal defects/errors
During the initial drive format operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being unusable,
and their locations recorded on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the “P’ list and also as the ETF
defect list). At factory format time, these known defects are also reallocated, that is, reassigned to a new place
on the medium and the location listed in the defects reallocation table. The “P” list is not altered after factory
formatting. Locations of defects found and reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment
are listed in the “G” list (defects growth list). The “P” and “G” lists may be referenced by the initiator using the
Read Defect Data command.
Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the SAS Interface Manual. Also, more
information on the drive Error Recovery philosophy is presented in the SAS Interface Manual.
7.2
Drive error recovery procedures
When an error occurs during drive operation, the drive, if programmed to do so, performs error recovery proce-
dures to attempt to recover the data. The error recovery procedures used depend on the options previously set
in the Error Recovery Parameters mode page. Error recovery and defect management may involve using sev-
eral SCSI commands described in the SAS Interface Manual. The drive implements selectable error recovery
time limits required in video applications.
The error recovery scheme supported by the drive provides a way to control the total error recovery time for the
entire command in addition to controlling the recovery level for a single LBA. The total amount of time spent in
error recovery for a command can be limited using the Recovery Time Limit bytes in the Error Recovery mode
page. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a single LBA can be limited using the Read Retry
Count or Write Retry Count bytes in the Error Recovery mode page.
The drive firmware error recovery algorithms consists of 11 levels for read recoveries and five levels for write.
Each level may consist of multiple steps, where a step is defined as a recovery function involving a single re-
30
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
read or re-write attempt. The maximum level used by the drive in LBA recovery is determined by the read and
write retry counts.
Table 14 equates the read and write retry count with the maximum possible recovery time for read and write
recovery of individual LBAs. The times given do not include time taken to perform reallocations. Reallocations
are performed when the ARRE bit (for reads) or AWRE bit (for writes) is one, the RC bit is zero, and the recov-
ery time limit for the command has not yet been met. Time needed to perform reallocation is not counted
against the recovery time limit.
When the RC bit is one, reallocations are disabled even if the ARRE or AWRE bits are one. The drive will still
perform data recovery actions within the limits defined by the Read Retry Count, Write Retry Count, and
Recovery Time Limit parameters. However, the drive does not report any unrecovered errors.
Table 14:
Read and write retry count maximum recovery times
Maximum recovery time per
Maximum recovery time per
LBA (cumulative, ms)
Read retry count1 LBA (cumulative, ms)
Write retry count1
0
77.81
0
35.91
1
89.78
1
53.865
83.79
2
305.24
347.13
442.89
490.77
538.65
670.32
807.98
855.86
897.75
2370.04
2
3
3
101.745
179.655
221.55
4
4
5
5 (default)
6
7
8
9
10
11 (default)
[1] These values are subject to change.
Setting these retry counts to a value below the default setting could result in degradation of the unrecov-
ered error rate which may exceed the value given in this product manual. A setting of zero (0) will result in
the drive not performing error recovery.
For example, suppose the read/write recovery page has the RC bit set to 0, read retry count set to 4, and
the recovery time limit field (Mode Sense page 01, bytes 10 and 11) set to FF FF hex (maximum). A four
LBA Read command is allowed to take up to 442.89 ms recovery time for each of the four LBAs in the
command. If the recovery time limit is set to 00 C8 hex (200 ms decimal) a four LBA read command is
allowed to take up to 200 ms for all error recovery within that command. The use of the Recovery Time
Limit field allows finer granularity on control of the time spent in error recovery. The recovery time limit only
starts counting when the drive is executing error recovery and it restarts on each command. Therefore,
each command’s total recovery time is subject to the recovery time limit. Note: A recovery time limit of 0
will use the drive’s default value of FF FF. Minimum recovery time limit is achieved by setting the Recovery
Time Limit field to 00 01.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
31
7.3
SAS system errors
Information on the reporting of operational errors or faults across the interface is given in the SAS Interface
Manual. The SSP Response returns information to the host about numerous kinds of errors or faults. The
Receive Diagnostic Results reports the results of diagnostic operations performed by the drive.
Status returned by the drive to the initiator is described in the SAS Interface Manual. Status reporting plays a
role in systems error management and its use in that respect is described in sections where the various com-
mands are discussed.
7.4
Background Media Scan
Background Media Scan (BMS) is a self-initiated media scan. BMS is defined in the T10 document SPC-4
available from the T10 committee. BMS performs sequential reads across the entire pack of the media while
the drive is idle. In RAID arrays, BMS allows hot spare drives to be scanned for defects prior to being put into
service by the host system. On regular duty drives, if the host system makes use of the BMS Log Page, it can
avoid placing data in suspect locations on the media. Unreadable and recovered error sites will be logged or
reallocated per ARRE/AWRE settings.
With BMS, the host system can consume less power and system overhead by only checking BMS status and
results rather than tying up the bus and consuming power in the process of host-initiated media scanning activ-
ity.
Since the background scan functions are only done during idle periods, BMS causes a negligible impact to sys-
tem performance. The first BMS scan for a newly manufactured drive is performed as quickly as possible to
verify the media and protect data by setting the “Start time after idle” to 5ms, all subsequent scans begin after
500ms of idle time. Other features that normally use idle time to function will function normally because BMS
functions for bursts of 800ms and then suspends activity for 100ms to allow other background functions to
operate.
BMS interrupts immediately to service host commands from the interface bus while performing reads. BMS will
complete any BMS-initiated error recovery prior to returning to service host-initiated commands. Overhead
associated with a return to host-servicing activity from BMS only impacts the first command that interrupted
BMS, this results in a typical delay of about 1 ms.
7.5
Media Pre-Scan
Media Pre-Scan is a feature that allows the drive to repair media errors that would otherwise have been found
by the host system during critical data accesses early in the drive’s life. The default setting for Media Pre-Scan
is enabled on standard products. Media Pre-Scan checks each write command to determine if the destination
LBAs have been scanned by BMS. If the LBAs have been verified, the drive proceeds with the normal write
command. If the LBAs have not been verified by BMS, Pre-Scan will convert the write to a write verify to certify
that the data was properly written to the disk.
Note. During Pre-Scan write verify commands, write performance may decrease by 50% until Pre-Scan
completes. Write performance testing should be performed after Pre-Scan is complete. This may
be checked by reading the BMS status.
To expedite the scan of the full pack and subsequently exit from the Pre-Scan period, BMS will begin scanning
immediately when the drive goes to idle during the Pre-Scan period. In the event that the drive is in a high
transaction traffic environment and is unable to complete a BMS scan within 24 power on hours BMS will dis-
able Pre-Scan to restore full performance to the system.
7.6
Deferred Auto-Reallocation
Deferred Auto-Reallocation (DAR) simplifies reallocation algorithms at the system level by allowing the drive to
reallocate unreadable locations on a subsequent write command. Sites are marked for DAR during read oper-
32
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
ations performed by the drive. When a write command is received for an LBA marked for DAR, the auto-reallo-
cation process is invoked and attempts to rewrite the data to the original location. If a verification of this rewrite
fails, the sector is re-mapped to a spare location.
This is in contrast to the system having to use the Reassign Command to reassign a location that was unread-
able and then generate a write command to rewrite the data. DAR is most effective when AWRE and ARRE
are enabled—this is the default setting from the Seagate factory. With AWRE and ARRE disabled DAR is
unable to reallocate the failing location and will report an error sense code indicating that a write command is
being attempted to a previously failing location.
7.7
Idle Read After Write
Idle Read After Write (IRAW) utilizes idle time to verify the integrity of recently written data. During idle periods,
no active system requests, the drive reads recently written data from the media and compares it to valid write
command data resident in the drives data buffer. Any sectors that fail the comparison result in the invocation of
a rewrite and auto-reallocation process. The process attempts to rewrite the data to the original location. If a
verification of this rewrite fails, the sector is re-mapped to a spare location.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
33
8.0
Installation
Cheetah disk drive installation is a plug-and-play process. There are no jumpers, switches, or terminators on
the drive.
SAS drives are designed to be used in a host system that provides a SAS-compatible backplane with bays
designed to accommodate the drive. In such systems, the host system typically provides a carrier or tray into
which you need to mount the drive. Mount the drive to the carrier or tray provided by the host system using four
6-32 UNC screws. Do not over-tighten or force the screws. You can mount the drive in any orientation.
Note. SAS drives are designed to be attached to the host system without I/O or power cables. If you
intend the use the drive in a non-backplane host system, connecting the drive using high-quality
cables is acceptable as long as the I/O cable length does not exceed 4 meters (13.1 feet).
Slide the carrier or tray into the appropriate bay in your host system using the instructions provided by the host
system. This connects the drive directly to your system’s SAS connector. The SAS connector is normally
Power is supplied through the SAS connector.
The drive is shipped from the factory low-level formatted in 512-byte logical blocks. You need to reformat the
drive only if you want to select a different logical block size.
J6
SAS Interface
connector
Figure 8.
Physical interface
8.1
Drive orientation
The drive may be mounted in any orientation. All drive performance characterizations, however, have been
done with the drive in horizontal (disks level) and vertical (drive on its side) orientations, which are the two pre-
ferred mounting orientations.
34
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
8.2
Cooling
The host enclosure must dissipate heat from the drive. You should confirm that the host enclosure is designed
to ensure that the drive operates within the temperature measurement guidelines described in Section 6.4.1. In
some cases, forced airflow may be required to keep temperatures at or below the temperatures specified in
Section 6.4.1.
If forced air is necessary, possible air-flow patterns are shown in Figure 9. The air-flow patterns are created by
fans either forcing or drawing air as shown in the illustrations. Conduction, convection, or other forced air-flow
Above unit
Under unit
Note. Air flows in the direction shown (back to front)
or in reverse direction (front to back)
Above unit
Under unit
Note. Air flows in the direction shown or
in reverse direction (side to side)
Figure 9.
Air flow
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
35
8.3
Drive mounting
Mount the drive using the bottom or side mounting holes. If you mount the drive using the bottom holes, ensure
that you do not physically distort the drive by attempting to mount it on a stiff, non-flat surface.
The allowable mounting surface stiffness is 80 lb/in (14.0 N/mm). The following equation and paragraph define
the allowable mounting surface stiffness:
K x X = F < 15lb = 67N
where K is the mounting surface stiffness (units in lb/in or N/mm) and X is the out-of-plane surface distortion
(units in inches or millimeters). The out-of-plane distortion (X) is determined by defining a plane with three of
the four mounting points fixed and evaluating the out-of-plane deflection of the fourth mounting point when a
known force (F) is applied to the fourth point.
Note. Before mounting the drive in any kind of 3.5-inch to 5.25-inch adapter frame, verify with Seagate
Technology that the drive can meet the shock and vibration specifications given herein while
mounted in such an adapter frame. Adapter frames that are available may not have a mechanical
structure capable of mounting the drive so that it can meet the shock and vibration specifications
listed in this manual.
8.4
Grounding
Signal ground (PCBA) and HDA ground are connected together in the drive and cannot be separated by the
user. The equipment in which the drive is mounted is connected directly to the HDA and PCBA with no electri-
cally isolating shock mounts. If it is desired for the system chassis to not be connected to the HDA/PCBA
ground, the systems integrator or user must provide a nonconductive (electrically isolating) method of mount-
ing the drive in the host equipment.
Increased radiated emissions may result if you do not provide the maximum surface area ground connection
between system ground and drive ground. This is the system designer’s and integrator’s responsibility.
36
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9.0
Interface requirements
This section partially describes the interface requirements as implemented on Cheetah drives. Additional infor-
mation is provided in the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071).
9.1
SAS features
This section lists the SAS-specific features supported by Cheetah® NS 10K.2 SAS drives.
9.1.1
task management functions
Table 15:
SAS task management functions supported
Task name
Abort Task
Supported
Yes
Clear ACA
Yes
Clear task set
Abort task set
Yes
Yes
Logical Unit Reset
Query Task
Yes
Yes
9.1.2
task management responses
Table 16:
Task management response codes
Function name
Function complete
Invalid frame
Response code
00
02
04
05
08
09
Function not supported
Function failed
Function succeeded
Invalid logical unit
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
37
9.2
Dual port support
Cheetah SAS drives have two independent ports. These ports may be connected in the same or different SCSI
domains. Each drive port has a unique SAS address.
The two ports run at the same link rate. The first port to successfully complete speed negotiation sets the link
rate support by both ports. When the second port participates in speed negotiation, it indicates the only sup-
ported speed is the speed selected by the first port. If the first port to complete speed negotiation looses sync
before the second port completes speed negotiation, both ports revert back to the power on condition of allow-
ing either link rate (1.5 or 3.0 Gb/sec).
Subject to buffer availability, the Cheetah drives support:
• Concurrent port transfers—The drive supports receiving COMMAND, TASK management transfers on both
ports at the same time.
• Full duplex—The drive supports sending XFER_RDY, DATA and RESPONSE transfers while receiving
frames on both ports.
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Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9.3
SCSI commands supported
Table 17 lists the SCSI commands supported by Cheetah drives.
Table 17:
Commands supported by Cheetah® NS 10K.2 SAS family drives
Command name
Command code
Supported
Change Definition
40h
39h
18h
3Ah
04h
N
Compare
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
Copy
Copy and Verify
Format Unit [1]
DPRY bit supported
DCRT bit supported
STPF bit supported
IP bit supported
DSP bit supported
IMMED bit supported
VS (vendor specific)
Inquiry
12h
Date Code page (C1h)
Device Behavior page (C3h)
Firmware Numbers page (C0h)
Implemented Operating Def page (81h)
Jumper Settings page (C2h)
Supported Vital Product Data page (00h)
Unit Serial Number page (80h)
Lock-unlock cache
Log Select
36h
4Ch
PCR bit
DU bit
DS bit
TSD bit
ETC bit
TMC bit
LP bit
Log Sense
4Dh
Application Client Log page (0Fh)
Buffer Over-run/Under-run page (01h)
Cache Statistics page (37h)
Factory Log page (3Eh)
Last n Deferred Errors or Asynchronous Events page (0Bh)
Last n Error Events page (07h)
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
39
Table 17:
Commands supported by Cheetah® NS 10K.2 SAS family drives (continued)
Command name
Command code
Supported
Non-medium Error page (06h)
Pages Supported list (00h)
Y
Y
Read Error Counter page (03h)
Read Reverse Error Counter page (04h)
Self-test Results page (10h)
Y
N
Y
Background Medium Scan page (15h)
Start-stop Cycle Counter page (0Eh)
Temperature page (0Dh)
Y
Y
Y
Verify Error Counter page (05h)
Write error counter page (02h)
Mode Select (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
Mode Select (10) (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
Mode Sense
Y
Y
15h
55h
1Ah
Y [2]
Y
Y [2]
Y
Caching Parameters page (08h)
Control Mode page (0Ah)
Y
Disconnect/Reconnect (02h)
Error Recovery page (01h)
Y
Y
Format page (03h)
Y
Information Exceptions Control page (1Ch)
Background Scan mode subpage (01h)
Notch and Partition Page (0Ch)
Protocol-Specific Port page (19h)
Power Condition page (1Ah)
Rigid Disk Drive Geometry page (04h)
Unit Attention page (00h)
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Verify Error Recovery page (07h)
Xor Control page (10h)
Y
N
Mode Sense (10) (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
5Ah
34h
08h
3Ch
25h
37h
B7h
28h
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Prefetch
Read
Read Buffer (modes 0, 2, 3, Ah and Bh supported)
Read Capacity
Read Defect Data (10)
Read Defect Data (12)
Read Extended
DPO bit supported
FUA bit supported
Read Long
3Eh
40
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
Table 17:
Commands supported by Cheetah® NS 10K.2 SAS family drives (continued)
Command name
Reassign Blocks
Receive Diagnostic Results
Supported Diagnostics pages (00h)
Translate page (40h)
Release
Command code
Supported
07h
Y
1Ch
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
17h
57h
03h
Release (10)
Request Sense
Actual Retry Count bytes
Extended Sense
Field Pointer bytes
Reserve
16h
56h
3rd Party Reserve
Extent Reservation
Reserve (10)
3rd Party Reserve
Extent Reservation
Rezero Unit
01h
31h
30h
32h
0Bh
2Bh
1Dh
Search Data Equal
Search Data High
Search Data Low
Seek
Seek Extended
Send Diagnostics
Supported Diagnostics pages (00h)
Translate page (40h)
Set Limits
33h
1Bh
35h
00h
2Fh
Start Unit/Stop Unit (spindle ceases rotating)
Synchronize Cache
Test Unit Ready
Verify
BYTCHK bit
Write
0Ah
2Eh
Write and Verify
DPO bit
Write Buffer (modes 0, 2, supported)
3Bh
2Ah
Firmware Download option
(modes 5, 7, Ah and Bh supported) [3]
Write Extended
DPO bit
Y
Y
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
41
Table 17:
Commands supported by Cheetah® NS 10K.2 SAS family drives (continued)
Command name
FUA bit
Command code
Supported
Y
Write Long
Write Same
PBdata
3Fh
41h
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
LBdata
XDRead
52h
50h
51h
XDWrite
XPWrite
[1] Cheetah NS drives can format to 512, 520, 524, or 528 bytes per logical block.
[2] Warning. Power loss during flash programming can result in firmware corruption. This usually makes the
drive inoperable.
[3] Reference Mode Sense command 1Ah for mode pages supported.
[4] Y = Yes. Command is supported.
N = No. Command is not supported.
A = Support is available on special request.
42
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9.3.1
Inquiry data
Table 18 lists the Inquiry command data that the drive should return to the initiator per the format given in the
SAS Interface Manual.
Table 18:
Inquiry data
Data (hex)
Bytes
0-15
00
[53
R#
00
00
00
00
00
54
R#
00
00
00
43
xx** 12
8B
30
S#
00
00
00
79
53
74
00
30
S#
00
00
00
72
65
73
10
30
S#
00
00
00
69
61
20
0A
30
S#
00
00
00
67
67
72
53
32
S#
00
00
00
68
61
65
45
53
S#
00
00
00
74
74
73
41
47
41
20
00
00
00
00
63
41
76
54
20
00
00
00
00
29
6C
65
45
20
00
00
00
00
20
6C
64
20
20
00
00
00
00
Vendor ID
Product ID
16-31
32-47
48-63
64-79
80-95
96-111
112-127
128-143
33
R#
00
00
00
6F
36
R#
00
00
00
70
20
68
53]1 20
S#
00
00
00
20
65
65
S#
00
00
00
28
20
72
32* *Copyright
30* 30* 39*
72 69 67
20
20
notice
*
Copyright year (changes with actual year).
SCSI Revision support. Refer to the appropriate SPC release documentation for definitions.
**
PP 10 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port A.
30 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port B.
R# Four ASCII digits representing the last four digits of the product firmware release number.
S# Eight ASCII digits representing the eight digits of the product serial number.
[ ]
Bytes 16 through 26 reflect the drive model number. The table above shows the hex values for Model ST3600002SS.
Refer to the values below for the values of bytes 16 through 26 of your particular model:
ST3450802SS
53 54 33 34 35 30 38 30 32 53 53
9.3.2Mode Sense data
The Mode Sense command provides a way for the drive to report its operating parameters to the initiator. The
drive maintains four sets of mode parameters:
1. Default values
Default values are hard-coded in the drive firmware stored in flash E-PROM (nonvolatile memory) on the
drive’s PCB. These default values can be changed only by downloading a complete set of new firmware
into the flash E-PROM. An initiator can request and receive from the drive a list of default values and use
those in a Mode Select command to set up new current and saved values, where the values are change-
able.
2. Saved values
Saved values are stored on the drive’s media using a Mode Select command. Only parameter values that
are allowed to be changed can be changed by this method. Parameters in the saved values list that are not
changeable by the Mode Select command get their values from default values storage.
When power is applied to the drive, it takes saved values from the media and stores them as current val-
ues in volatile memory. It is not possible to change the current values (or the saved values) with a Mode
Select command before the drive achieves operating speed and is “ready.” An attempt to do so results in a
“Check Condition” status.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
43
On drives requiring unique saved values, the required unique saved values are stored into the saved val-
ues storage location on the media prior to shipping the drive. Some drives may have unique firmware with
unique default values also.
On standard OEM drives, the saved values are taken from the default values list and stored into the saved
values storage location on the media prior to shipping.
3. Current values
Current values are volatile values being used by the drive to control its operation. A Mode Select command
can be used to change the values identified as changeable values. Originally, current values are installed
from saved or default values after a power on reset, hard reset, or Bus Device Reset message.
4. Changeable values
Changeable values form a bit mask, stored in nonvolatile memory, that dictates which of the current values
and saved values can be changed by a Mode Select command. A one (1) indicates the value can be
changed. A zero (0) indicates the value is not changeable. For example, in Table 9.3.2.1, refer to Mode
page 81, in the row entitled “CHG.” These are hex numbers representing the changeable values for Mode
page 81. Note in columns 5 and 6 (bytes 04 and 05), there is 00h which indicates that in bytes 04 and 05
none of the bits are changeable. Note also that bytes 06, 07, 09, 10, and 11 are not changeable, because
those fields are all zeros. In byte 02, hex value FF equates to the binary pattern 11111111. If there is a zero
in any bit position in the field, it means that bit is not changeable. Since all of the bits in byte 02 are ones,
all of these bits are changeable.
The changeable values list can only be changed by downloading new firmware into the flash E-PROM.
Note. Because there are often several different versions of drive control firmware in the total population of
drives in the field, the Mode Sense values given in the following tables may not exactly match those
of some drives.
The following tables list the values of the data bytes returned by the drive in response to the Mode Sense com-
mand pages for SCSI implementation (see the SAS Interface Manual).
Definitions:
DEF = Default value. Standard OEM drives are shipped configured this way.
CHG = Changeable bits; indicates if default value is changeable.
44
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9.3.2.1
ST3600002SS Mode Sense data
HEADER DATA:
00 00 05 12 8B 00 10 02
MODE PAGES:
DEF 80 06 00 80 0F 00 00 00
CHG 80 06 B7 C0 8F 00 00 00
DEF 81 0A C0 0B FF 00 00 00 05 00 FF FF
CHG 81 0A FF FF 00 00 00 00 FF 00 FF FF
DEF 82 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3A 00 00 00 00
CHG 82 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00
DEF 83 16 BB D0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 C4 02 00 00 01 00 60 00 26 40 00 00 00
CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 84 16 01 8A 9A 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 27 31 00 00
CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 87 0A 00 0B FF 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF
CHG 87 0A 0F FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF
DEF 88 12 14 00 FF FF 00 00 FF FF FF FF 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 88 12 A5 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 8A 0A 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 19 00
CHG 8A 0A 03 F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 99 06 06 00 07 D0 00 00
CHG 99 06 10 00 FF FF FF FF
DEF 9A 0A 00 02 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 04
CHG 9A 0A 00 03 FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00
DEF 9C 0A 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
CHG 9C 0A 9D 0F FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
DEF B9 0A 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG B9 0A 01 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
45
9.3.2.2
ST3450802SS Mode Sense data
HEADER DATA:
00 00 05 12 8B 00 10 02
MODE PAGES:
DEF 80 06 00 80 0F 00 00 00
CHG 80 06 B7 C0 8F 00 00 00
DEF 81 0A C0 0B FF 00 00 00 05 00 FF FF
CHG 81 0A FF FF 00 00 00 00 FF 00 FF FF
DEF 82 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3A 00 00 00 00
CHG 82 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00
DEF 83 16 BB D0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 C4 02 00 00 01 00 60 00 26 40 00 00 00
CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 84 16 01 8A 9A 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 27 31 00 00
CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 87 0A 00 0B FF 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF
CHG 87 0A 0F FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF
DEF 88 12 14 00 FF FF 00 00 FF FF FF FF 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 88 12 A5 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 8A 0A 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 12 C0
CHG 8A 0A 03 F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 99 06 06 00 07 D0 00 00
CHG 99 06 10 00 FF FF FF FF
DEF 9A 0A 00 02 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 04
CHG 9A 0A 00 03 FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00
DEF 9C 0A 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
CHG 9C 0A 9D 0F FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
DEF B9 0A 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG B9 0A 01 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
46
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9.4
Miscellaneous operating features and conditions
Table 19 lists various features and conditions. A “Y” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is
supported. An “N” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is not supported.
Table 19:
Miscellaneous features
Supported
Feature or condition
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Automatic contingent allegiance
Asynchronous event notification
Synchronized (locked) spindle operation
Segmented caching
Zero latency read
Queue tagging (up to 128 queue tags supported)
Deferred error handling
Parameter rounding (controlled by Round bit in Mode Select page 0)
Reporting actual retry count in Extended Sense bytes 15, 16, and 17
Adaptive caching
SMP = 1 in Mode Select command needed to save RPL and rotational offset bytes
Table 20:
Miscellaneous status
Supported
Status
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Good
Check condition
Condition met/good
Busy
Intermediate/good
Intermediate/condition met/good
Reservation conflict
Task set full
ACA active
ACA active, faulted initiator
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
47
9.4.1
SAS physical interface
Figure 10 shows the location of the SAS device connector J1. Figures 11 and 12 provide the dimensions of the
SAS device.
Details of the physical, electrical, and logical characteristics are provided within this section. The operational
aspects of Seagate’s SAS drives are provided in the SAS Interface Manual.
The SAS connector complies with SFF-8482.
SAS Interface
connector
Figure 10.
Physical interface
48
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
0.80 (6X)
5.92
7.62
4.65
0.52 0.08 x 45
2.00 (3X)
0.45 0.03 (7X)
0.10 M E
5.08
42.73 REF.
41.13 0.15
0.20B
0.30 0.05 (2X)
C
A
B
1.10
4.00 0.08
0.15D
C OF DATUM D
L
R0.30 0.08 (4X)
A
0.30 0.05 (4X)
B
C
SEE Detail1
B
33.43 0.05
15.875
15.875
1.27 (14X)
1.27 (6X)
0.84 0.05 (22X)
5.08
0.15B
4.90 0.08
0.35MIN
P15
S1
P1
S7
C OF DATUM B
L
Figure 11. SAS connector dimensions
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
49
Detail A
6.10
S14
S8
0.30 0.05 x 45 (5X)
2.25 0.05
0.40 0.05 X 45 (3X)
4.85 0.05
0.10B
CORING ALLOWED
IN THIS AREA.
E
4.40 0.15
R0.30 0.08
45
C
SEE Detail 2
1.95 0.08
A
0.35 0.05
SECTION C - C
3.90 0.15
SECTION A - A
CONTACT SURFACE FLUSH
TO DATUM A 0.03
0.08 0.05
65
1.90 0.08
1.23 0.05
0.08 0.05
30
Detail 2
2.40 0.08
0.10 A
SECTION B - B
D
Figure 12. SAS connector dimensions
9.4.2
Physical characteristics
This section defines physical interface connector.
9.4.3
Connector requirements
Contact your preferred connector manufacturer for mating part information.
50
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9.4.4
Electrical description
SAS drives use the device connector for:
• DC power
• SAS interface
• Activity LED
This connector is designed to either plug directly into a backpanel or accept cables.
9.4.5
Pin descriptions
This section provides a pin-out of the SAS device and a description of the functions provided by the pins.
Table 21:
SAS pin descriptions
Pin
S1
Signal name Signal type
Pin
P1*
P2*
P3
Signal name
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
Ground
Signal type
Port A Ground
+Port A_in
S2*
S3*
S4
Diff. input pair
Diff output pair
-Port A_in
Port A Ground
-Port A_out
+Port A_out
Port A Ground
Port B Ground
+Port B_in
P4
S5*
S6*
S7
P5
Ground
P6
Ground
P7
5 Volts charge
5 Volts
S8
P8*
P9*
P10
S9*
Diff. input pair
Diff output pair
5 Volts
S10* -Port B_in
Ground
S11
Port A Ground
P11* Ready LED
Open collector out
S12* -Port B_out
S13* +Port B_out
P12
P13
Ground
12 Volts charge
S14
Port B Ground
P14* 12 Volts
P15* 12 Volts
* - Short pin to support hot plugging
NC - No connection in the drive.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
51
9.4.6
SAS transmitters and receivers
A typical SAS differential copper transmitter and receiver pair is shown in Figure 13. The receiver is AC cou-
pling to eliminate ground shift noise.
.01
.01
TX
TY
RX
Differential
Transmitter
100
Receiver
100
RY
Transfer Medium
Figure 13. SAS transmitters and receivers
9.4.7 Power
The drive receives power (+5 volts and +12 volts) through the SAS device connector.
Three +12 volt pins provide power to the drive, 2 short and 1 long. The current return for the +12 volt power
supply is through the common ground pins. The supply current and return current must be distributed as
evenly as possible among the pins.
Three +5 volt pins provide power to the drive, 2 short and 1 long. The current return for the +5 volt power sup-
ply is through the common ground pins. The supply current and return current must be distributed as evenly as
possible among the pins.
Current to the drive through the long power pins may be limited by the system to reduce inrush current to the
drive during hot plugging.
9.5
Signal characteristics
This section describes the electrical signal characteristics of the drive’s input and output signals. See Table 21
for signal type and signal name information.
9.5.1
Ready LED Out
Table 22:
Ready LED Out conditions
Normal command activity
LED status
0
1
Ready LED Meaning bit mode page 19h
Spun down and no activity
Off
On
On
Off
Off
On
Off
On
Spun down and activity (command executing)
Spun up and no activity
Spun up and activity (command executing)
Spinning up or down
Blinks steadily
(50% on and 50% off, 0.5 seconds on and off for 0.5 seconds)
Format in progress
Toggles on/off
Toggles on/off
Write Same command in progress
52
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
The Ready LED Out signal is designed to pull down the cathode of an LED. The anode is attached to the
proper +3.3 volt supply through an appropriate current limiting resistor. The LED and the current limiting resis-
tor are external to the drive. See Table 23 for the output characteristics of the LED drive signals.
Table 23:
LED drive signal
State
Test condition
0 V ≤VOH ≤3.6 V
= 15 mA
Output voltage
LED off, high
LED on, low
-100 µA < I < 100 µA
OH
I
0 ≤VOL ≤0.225 V
OL
9.5.2
Differential signals
The drive SAS differential signals comply with the intra-enclosure (internal connector) requirements of the SAS
standard.
Table 24 defines the general interface characteristics.
Table 24:
General interface characteristics
Characteristic
Units
Mbaud
ps
1.5Gb/s
1,500
666.6
100
3.0Gb/s
3,000
333.3
100
Bit rate (nominal)
Unit interval (UI)(nominal)
Impedance (nominal, differential )
Transmitter transients, maximum
Receiver transients, maximum
ohm
V
1.2
1.2
V
1.2
1.2
9.5.2.1
Eye masks
9.5.2.1.1
Eye masks overview
The eye masks are graphical representations of the voltage and time limits on the signal at the compliance
-12
point. The time values between X1 and (1 - X1) cover all but 10 of the jitter population. The random content
of the total jitter population has a range of 7 standard deviations.
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
53
9.5.2.1.2
Receive eye mask
Figure 14 describes the receive eye mask. This eye mask applies to jitter after the application of a single pole
high-pass frequency-weighting function that progressively attenuates jitter at 20 dB/decade below a frequency
of ((bit rate) / 1.667).
Figure 14. Receive eye mask
Verifying compliance with the limits represented by the receive eye mask should be done with reverse channel
traffic present in order that the effects of crosstalk are taken into account.
9.5.2.1.3
Jitter tolerance masks
Figure 15 describes the receive tolerance eye masks and is constructed using the X2 and Z2 values given in
is half the value for total jitter in table 28, for
OP
TOL
jitter frequencies above ((bit rate) / 1.667).
Figure 15. Receive tolerance eye mask
54
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
The leading and trailing edge slopes of figure 14 shall be preserved. As a result the amplitude value of Z1 is
less than that given in table 26 and Z1
tion:
and Z1 shall be defined from those slopes by the following equa-
TOL
OP
X2OP – ((0, 5)xadditional sinusoidal jitter) – X1OP
Z1TOL = Z1OPx----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
X2OP – X1OP
where:
Z1
is the value for Z1 to be used for the tolerance masks; and
TOL
Z1 , X1 , and X2 are the values in table 26 for Z1, X1, and X2.
OP
OP
OP
The X1 points in the receive tolerance masks are greater than the X1 points in the receive masks, due to the
addition of sinusoidal jitter.
Figure 16 defines the sinusoidal jitter mask.
Figure 16. Sinusoidal jitter mask
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
55
9.5.2.2
Transmitter signal characteristics
Table 25 specifies the signal requirements at the transmitter end of a TxRx connection as measured into the
zero-length test load. All specifications are based on differential measurements.
The OOB sequence is performed at signal voltage levels corresponding to the lowest supported transfer rate.
Table 25:
Transmitter signal characteristics
a
Signal characteristic
Units
ps
1.5Gb/s
20
3.0Gb/s
15
b
Skew
c
Tx Off Voltage
mV(P-P)
ps
< 50
273
67
< 50
137
67
d
Maximum rise/fall time
d
Minimum rise/fall time
ps
e
Maximum transmitter output imbalance
%
10
10
f
OOB offset delta
mV
25
25
g
OOB common mode delta
mV
50
50
b The skew measurement shall be made at the midpoint of the transition with a repeating 0101b pattern on the physical
link. The same stable trigger, coherent to the data stream, shall be used for both the Tx+ and Tx- signals. Skew is
defined as the time difference between the means of the midpoint crossing times of the Tx+ signal and the Tx- signal.
c The transmitter off voltage is the maximum A.C. voltage measured at compliance points when the transmitter is
unpowered or transmitting D.C. idle (e.g., during idle time of an OOB signal).
d Rise/fall times are measured from 20 % to 80 % of the transition with a repeating 0101b pattern on the physical link.
e The maximum difference between the V+ and V- A.C. RMS transmitter amplitudes measured on a CJTPAT test
pattern (see 9.5.2.3.3) into the test load shown in figure 18, as a percentage of the average of the V+ and V- A.C.
RMS amplitudes.
f
The maximum difference in the average differential voltage (D.C. offset) component between the burst times and the
idle times of an OOB signal.
g The maximum difference in the average of the common mode voltage between the burst times and the idle times of
an OOB signal.
56
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9.5.2.3
Receiver signal characteristics
Table 26 defines the compliance point requirements of the signal at the receiver end of a TxRx connection as
Table 26:
Receiver signal characteristics
Signal characteristic
Units
1.5Gb/s
3.0Gb/s
b
2 x Z2
N/A
mV(P-P)
mV(P-P)
UI
1,200
325
1,600
275
2 x Z1
a
X1
0.275
0.50
80
0.275
0.50
75
X2
UI
d
Skew
ps
Max voltage (non-op)
mV(P-P)
mV(P-P)
mV(P-P)
mV(P-P)
2.000
240
2.000
240
c
Minimum OOB ALIGN burst amplitude
c
Maximum noise during OOB idle time
120
120
e
Max near-end crosstalk
100
100
a The value for X1 shall be half the value given for total jitter in table 27. The test or analysis shall include the effects of
a single pole high-pass frequency-weighting function that progressively attenuates jitter at 20 dB/decade below a
frequency of ((bit rate) / 1,667).
-12
b The value for X1 applies at a total jitter probability of 10 . At this level of probability direct visual comparison
between the mask and actual signals is not a valid method for determining compliance with the jitter output
requirements.
c With a measurement bandwidth of 1.5 times the baud rate (i.e. 4.5 GHz for 3.0Gb/s).
d The skew measurement shall be made at the midpoint of the transition with a repeating 0101b pattern on the physical
link. The same stable trigger, coherent to the data stream, shall be used for both the Rx+ and Rx- signals. Skew is
defined as the time difference between the means of the midpoint crossing times of the Rx+ signal and the Rx- signal.
e Near-end crosstalk is the unwanted signal amplitude at receiver terminals DR, CR, and XR coupled from signals and
noise sources other than the desired signal. Refer to SFF-8410.
9.5.2.3.1
Jitter
Table 27:
Maximum allowable jitter
m, n
m, n
1.5Gb/s
3.0Gb/s
q
,
, ,
,
, ,
Deterministic jitter
Total jitterc d e f
Deterministic jittere
0.35
Total jitterc d e f
0.35
0.55
0.55
a Units are in UI.
b The values for jitter in this section are measured at the average amplitude point.
c Total jitter is the sum of deterministic jitter and random jitter. If the actual deterministic jitter is less than the maximum
specified, then the random jitter may increase as long as the total jitter does not exceed the specified maximum total
jitter.
-12
d Total jitter is specified at a probability of 10
.
e The deterministic and total values in this table apply to jitter after application of a single pole high-pass frequency-
weighting function that progressively attenuates jitter at 20 dB/decade below a frequency of ((bit rate) / 1 667).
f
If total jitter received at any point is less than the maximum allowed, then the jitter distribution of the signals is allowed
to be asymmetric. The total jitter plus the magnitude of the asymmetry shall not exceed the allowed maximum total
-12
jitter. The numerical difference between the average of the peaks with a BER < 10 and the average of the
individual events is the measure of the asymmetry. Jitter peak-to-peak measured < (maximum total jitter -
|Asymmetry|).
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
57
9.5.2.3.2
Receiver jitter tolerance
Table 28:
jitter
Receiver jitter tolerance
a
a
1.5Gb/s
3.0Gb/s
Sinusoidal
Deterministic
Total
Sinusoidal
Deterministic
Total
b,c
e,f,h
h
b,d
e,g,h
h
jitter
jitter
jitter
jitter
jitter
0.10
0.35
0.65
0.10
0.35
0.65
a Units are in UI.
b The jitter values given are normative for a combination of deterministic jitter, random jitter, and sinusoidal jitter that
-12
receivers shall be able to tolerate without exceeding a BER of 10 . Receivers shall tolerate sinusoidal jitter of
progressively greater amplitude at lower frequencies, according to the mask in figure 16 with the same deterministic
jitter and random jitter levels as were used in the high frequency sweep.
c Sinusoidal swept frequency: 900 kHz to > 5 MHz.
d Sinusoidal swept frequency: 1.800 kHz to > 5 MHz.
e No value is given for random jitter. For compliance with this standard, the actual random jitter amplitude shall be the
-12
value that brings total jitter to the stated value at a probability of 10 . The additional 0.1 UI of sinusoidal jitter is
added to ensure the receiver has sufficient operating margin in the presence of external interference.
Deterministic jitter: 900 kHz to 750 MHz.
f
g Deterministic jitter: 1.800 kHz to 1.500 MHz.
h The deterministic and total values in this table apply to jitter after application of a single pole high-pass frequency-
weighting function that progressively attenuates jitter at 20 dB/decade below a frequency of ((bit rate) / 1.667).
9.5.2.3.3
Compliant jitter test pattern (CJTPAT)
The CJTPAT within a compliant protocol frame is used for all jitter testing unless otherwise specified. See the
SAS Interface Manual for definition of the required pattern on the physical link and information regarding spe-
cial considerations for scrambling and running disparity.
9.5.2.3.4
Impedance specifications
Table 29:
Impedance requirements (Sheet 1 of 2)
Requirement
Units
1.5Gb/s
3.0Gb/s
a,b
Time domain reflectometer rise time 20 % to 80 %
Media (PCB or cable)
ps
100
50
b,c,d
Differential impedance
ohm
ohm
ohm
100 ± 10
5
100 ± 10
5
b,c,d,g
Differential impedance imbalance
b,c,d
Common mode impedance
32.5 ± 7.5
32.5 ± 7.5
Mated connectors
b,c,d
Differential impedance
ohm
ohm
ohm
100 ± 15
5
100 ± 15
5
b,c,d,g
Differential impedance imbalance
b,c,d
Common mode impedance
32.5 ± 7.5
32.5 ± 7.5
Receiver termination
b,e,f
Differential impedance
ohm
ohm
ps
100 ± 15
5
100 ± 15
5
b,e,f,g
Differential impedance imbalance
b,e,f
Receiver termination time constant
150 max
100 max
58
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
Table 29:
Impedance requirements (Sheet 2 of 2)
Requirement
Units
1.5Gb/s
3.0Gb/s
b,e
Common mode impedance
ohm
20 min/40 max 20 min/40 max
Transmitter source termination
b
Differential impedance
ohm
ohm
ohm
60 min/115 max 60 min/115 max
b,g
Differential impedance imbalance
5
5
b
Common mode impedance
15 min/40 max 15 min/40 max
a
All times indicated for time domain reflectometer measurements are recorded times. Recorded times are twice the
transit time of the time domain reflectometer signal.
b All measurements are made through mated connector pairs.
c The media impedance measurement identifies the impedance mismatches present in the media when terminated in
its characteristic impedance. This measurement excludes mated connectors at both ends of the media, when
present, but includes any intermediate connectors or splices. The mated connectors measurement applies only to the
mated connector pair at each end, as applicable.
d Where the media has an electrical length of > 4 ns the procedure detailed in SFF-8410, or an equivalent procedure,
shall be used to determine the impedance.
e The receiver termination impedance specification applies to all receivers in a TxRx connection and covers all time
points between the connector nearest the receiver, the receiver, and the transmission line terminator. This
measurement shall be made from that connector.
f
At the time point corresponding to the connection of the receiver to the transmission line the input capacitance of the
receiver and its connection to the transmission line may cause the measured impedance to fall below the minimum
impedances specified in this table. The area of the impedance dip (amplitude as ρ, the reflection coefficient, and
duration in time) caused by this capacitance is the receiver termination time constant. The receiver time constant
shall not be greater than the values shown in this table. An approximate value for the receiver termination time
constant is given by the product of the amplitude of the dip (as ρ) and its width (in ps) measured at the half amplitude
point. The amplitude is defined as being the difference in the reflection coefficient between the reflection coefficient at
the nominal impedance and the reflection coefficient at the minimum impedance point. The value of the receiver
excess input capacitance is given by the following equation:
receiver termination time constant
C = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(R0 | RR)
where (R0 || RR) is the parallel combination of the transmission line characteristic impedance and
termination resistance at the receiver.
g The difference in measured impedance to ground on the plus and minus terminals on the interconnect, transmitter or
receiver, with a differential test signal applied to those terminals.
9.5.2.4
Electrical TxRx connections
TxRx connections may be divided into TxRx connection segments. In a single TxRx connection individual
TxRx connection segments may be formed from differing media and materials, including traces on printed wir-
ing boards and optical fibers. This subclause applies only to TxRx connection segments that are formed from
electrically conductive media.
Each electrical TxRx connection segment shall comply with the impedance requirements of table 29 for the
media from which they are formed. An equalizer network, if present, shall be part of the TxRx connection.
TxRx connections that are composed entirely of electrically conducting media shall be applied only to homoge-
nous ground applications (e.g., between devices within an enclosure or rack, or between enclosures intercon-
nected by a common ground return or ground plane).
9.5.2.4.1
Transmitter characteristics
The drive are D.C. coupled.
A combination of a zero-length test load and the transmitter compliance transfer function (TCTF) test load
methodology is used for the specification of transmitter characteristics. This methodology specifies the trans-
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
59
mitter signal at the test points on the required test loads. The transmitter uses the same settings (e.g., pre-
emphasis, voltage swing) with both the zero-length test load and the TCTF test load. The signal specifications
at IR are met under each of these loading conditions.
The TCTF is the mathematical statement of the transfer function through which the transmitter shall be capable
of producing acceptable signals as defined by a receive mask. The transmission magnitude response of the
TCTF in dB is given by the following equation for 1.5Gb/s:
S21 = –20 × log10(e) × ((6, 5 × 10–6 × f0, 5) + (2, 0 × 10–10 × f) + (3, 3 × 10–20 × f2)) dB
for 50 MHz < f < 1.5 GHz, and:
S21 = –5, 437dB
for 1.5 GHz < f < 5.0 GHz,
where:
a) f is the signal frequency in hertz.
The transmission magnitude response of the TCTF in dB is given by the following equation for 3.0Gb/s:
S21 = –20 × log10(e) × ((6, 5 × 10–6 × f0, 5) + (2, 0 × 10–10 × f) + (3, 3 × 10–20 × f2)) dB
for 50 MHz < f < 3.0 GHz, and:
S21 = –10, 884dB
for 3.0 GHz < f < 5.0 GHz,
where f is the signal frequency in hertz.
The TCTF is used to specify the requirements on transmitters that may or may not incorporate pre-emphasis or
other forms of compensation. A compliance interconnect is any physical interconnect with loss equal to or
greater than that of the TCTF at the above frequencies that also meets the ISI loss requirements shown in fig-
Compliance with the TCTF test load requirement is verified by measuring the signal produced by the transmit-
ter through a physical compliance interconnect attached to the transmitter.
Compliance with the zero-length test load requirement verified by measurement made across a load equiva-
For both test load cases, the transmitter delivers the output voltages and timing listed in table 26 at the desig-
nated compliance points. The default mask is IR for intra-cabinet TxRx connections. The eye masks are shown
Figure 17 shows the compliance interconnect test load.
Figure 17. Compliance interconnect test load
60
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
9.5.2.5
Receiver characteristics
The drive receiver is A.C. coupled. The receive network terminates the TxRx connection by a 100 ohm equiva-
lent impedance as specified in table 29.
-12
The receiver operates within a BER of 10 when a SAS signal with valid voltage and timing characteristics is
delivered to the compliance point from a 100 ohm source. The received SAS signal are considered valid if it
meets the voltage and timing limits specified in table 26.
Additionally the receiver operates within the BER objective when the signal at a receiving phy has the addi-
over frequency
CM
range F
as specified in table 24. The jitter tolerance is shown in Figure 16 for all Rx compliance points in a
CM
TxRx connection. The figure given assumes that any external interference occurs prior to the point at which the
test is applied. When testing the jitter tolerance capability of a receiver, the additional 0.1 UI of sinusoidal jitter
may be reduced by an amount proportional to the actual externally induced interference between the applica-
tion point of the test and the input to the receiving phy. The additional jitter reduces the eye opening in both
voltage and time.
9.6
SAS-2 Specification compliance
Seagate SAS-2 drives are entirely compatible with the latest SAS-2 Specification (T10/1760-D) Revision 16.
The most important characteristic of the SAS-2 drive at 6Gb/s is that the receiver is capable of adapting the
equalizer to optimize the receive margins. The SAS-2 drive has two types of equalizers:
1. A Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) which utilizes the standard SAS-2 training pattern transmitted dur-
ing the SNW-3 training gap. The DFE circuit can derive an optimal equalization characteristic to compen-
sate for many of the receive losses in the system.
2. A Feed Forward Equalizer (FFE) optimized to provide balanced receive margins over a range of channels
bounded by the best and worst case channels as defined by the relevant ANSI standard.
9.7
Additional information
Please contact your Seagate representative for SAS electrical details, if required.
For more information about the Phy, Link, Transport, and Applications layers of the SAS interface, refer to the
Seagate SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071.
For more information about the SCSI commands used by Seagate SAS drives, refer to the Seagate SCSI
Commands Reference Manual, part number 100293068.
62
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
10.0
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Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
63
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64
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
condensation 25
Index
Numerics
12 volt
pins 52
connector
A
illustrated 50
requirements 50
cooling 35
CRC
acoustics 27
error 13
actuator
AFR 6
illustrated 35
altitude 25
ambient 24
ANSI documents
D
DAR 32
data block size
data heads
read/write 8
data rate
internal 8
SCSI 4
requirements 19
defects 30
description 5
auto write and read reallocation
programmable 6
DFE 62
dimensions 29
B
drive 27
backpanel 51
BMS 32
buffer
data 6
space 10
E
C
electrical
specifications 19
capacity
unformatted 8
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
65
environmental
limits 24
requirements 12
error
requirements 37
IRAW 33
management 30
rates 12
errors 30
J
jumpers 34
F
features 6
L
latency
interface 37
FFE 62
firmware 6
corruption 42
function
M
maintenance 12
miscellaneous feature support
G
grounding 36
H
heads
miscellaneous status support
humidity 25
Busy 47
Good 47
Intermediate/good 47
I
installation 34
interface
Mode sense
mounting 36
errors 13
illustrated 48
physical 48
holes 36
orientations 34
66
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
reference
documents 4
reliability 6
N
noise
audible 2
specifications 12
temperature 24
resonance 25
O
RoHS 28
S
P
safety 2
SAS
packaged 26
interface 51
SCSI interface
PCBA 36
performance characteristics
detailed 8
seek error
defined 12
general 9
rate 12
seek time
Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology
power 52
dissipation 23
shielding 2
shipping 18
sequencing 21
shock 25
signal
Q
characteristics 52
SMART 14
R
standards 2
Sulfur 27
receivers 52
surface stiffness
Cheetah NS 10K.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C
67
Seagate Technology LLC
920 Disc Drive, Scotts Valley, California 95066-4544, USA
Publication Number: 100516228, Rev. C, Printed in USA
|