Sekonic L 398M User Manual

SEKONIC  
STUDIO DELUXE II L-398M  
Operating Instructions  
Features........................................................................................................2  
Specifications................................................................................................4  
Part Designations.........................................................................................5  
Accessories..................................................................................................6  
Basic Operation of Meter Unit.....................................................................7  
1. Stopper Button Operation.............................................................7  
2. Zero Position Check and Adjustment...........................................7  
Standard Accessory Operation....................................................................8  
Incident Light Measurement.........................................................................8  
1. Lumisphere......................................................................................8  
2. Lumidisc..........................................................................................11  
Reflected Light Measurement......................................................................12  
1. Lumigrid..........................................................................................12  
Other Operations..........................................................................................13  
1. Exposure Value (EV number) Readout..........................................13  
2. Employing Cine Scale.....................................................................14  
3. Using Exposure Multipliers(-2,-1,+1,+2) .....................................15  
Employing Special Accessories..................................................................15  
1. Direct Reading Slides.....................................................................15  
2. Direct Reading Slide Application...................................................16  
Measurement Examples with Various Subjects..........................................17  
1. Portrait Photography......................................................................17  
2. Typical Scenery .............................................................................18  
3. Observatorial Scenes....................................................................18  
4. Snow Scenes..................................................................................20  
5. Scenes with Side or Back Lighting ...............................................21  
6. Silhouette Photography.................................................................22  
Applications Summary..................................................................................23  
1. Special Features of the Studio Deluxe ...........................................23  
2. Illumination Contrast.......................................................................24  
3. Reflected Light Measurement........................................................26  
4. Illumination Adjustment....................................................................29  
5. Close-ups.........................................................................................31  
Handling Cautions........................................................................................34  
Nearly all photographic subjects combine complex variations of strongly reflecting  
surfaces (high reflectivity) and weakly reflecting surfaces (low reflectivity). These  
variations delicately influence exposure determination and to which portion the exposure is  
set becomes  
photograph.  
a
vital factor that considerably affects the appearance of the finished  
Although risk of failure can be minimized by taking maximum and minimum readings of all  
portions of the subject, then averaging the values, such an approach is both time  
consuming and tedious. The Studio Deluxe II is the answer to this problem. It is designed  
around a standard reflectivity of 18%, which has been derived through measurements of  
various subjects throughout the seasons of the year.  
Consequently, high effectiveness is displayed with subjects possessing reflectivities in the  
neighborhood of 18% (people, buildings, etc.) and when this can be considered the  
average value (street snapshots, trees, forest scenes, etc.).  
1. Optimum exposure meter for incident light measuring method (also applicable for  
reflected light method).  
2. Freely rotatable light sensor section for very easily performed measurements.  
3. Meter stopper mechanism allows operation while hand is released from meter.  
4. Meter release mechanism is also included which allows the needle to deflect freely.  
This provides greater convenience when determining light balance.  
5.  
Memo pointer enables easier light balance setting.  
6. Lumisphere detects the same light as strikes the subject. Since subjects are normally  
3-dimensional, according to the lighting conditions, brighter surfaces (highlights) and  
darker surfaces (shadows) are produced (illumination contrast). The Studio Deluxe II  
mechanism automatically takes into account the strength of ilght from all directions,  
causing the meter to indicate  
a
value applicable to photography. It is thus most  
convenient for determining typical exposures.  
2
7. After combining film sensitivity and shutter speed, direct reading slides  
(optional) can be used for directly determining the aperture value.  
8. Selenium photocell is employed as light sensing element, eliminating need for  
battery.  
9. Wide selection of available accessories allows numerous photographic  
techniques to be enjoyed.  
3
Measuring System  
Incident light (reflected light system  
also capable)  
Measuring Range  
Measuring Accuracy  
ISO Scale  
At ISO 100, EV 4-1 7  
Within ± 0.3 EV (1/3f stop)  
6 - 12000  
Shutter Scale  
Aperture Scale  
Cine Scale  
60 - 1 /8000 second  
0.7-128  
8 fps - 128 fps  
EV Scale  
1 20 (exposure value)  
C = 340 K = 1 2.5  
112 x 58 x 34 mm  
Approx. 190 grams  
Calibration Constant  
Dimensions  
Weight  
(NOTE) The outlooks and specifications described in this booklet shall be  
changed without pre-advice, if necessary.  
4
High (H) slide  
Lumisphere  
Lumidisc  
Optional Accessories  
(sold separately).  
Direct reading slides.  
Lumigrid  
Total of 11 direct reading slides (set of 11  
slides in case). e;  
1. Stopper Button Operation  
If the stopper button  
is press-  
ed when the stopper button mark  
the meter needle  
is set to  
deflects according to bright-  
ness. Then when the button is released,  
the needle remains fixed at the indicated  
position.  
By holding the stopper button depressed  
and turning it clockwise so that the mark  
position becomes  
the needle is released.  
At this time, the meter will deflect freely  
even if the stopper button is released. To  
fix the needle, turn the stopper button  
counter-clockwise to where the  
mark is positioned  
With stopper button in released  
position, cover light sensor  
with hand or black cloth to completely  
block light. Check that  
meter needle  
correctly indi-  
cates zero position. If the indication  
deviates from zero, while observing  
meter indication, use a coin or similar tool  
to turn the  
rear zero adjust screw  
and  
adjust for zero indication.  
Incident Light Measurement  
1. Lumisphere  
a. Mount Lumisphere  
sensor  
To  
white dots of Lumisphere frame and light  
sensor, then turn Lumisphere carefully  
clockwise to secure.  
b. Set film sensitivity knob  
to sensitivity value of employed film. Set  
ISO value to right  
side ISO mark  
Photo shows setting for ISO 100.  
c. From position where subject is  
to be measured, point Lumi-  
in direction of  
sphere  
camera. (Light sensor  
be turned freely.)  
d. Hold meter erect and press  
stopper button  
Meter  
8
needle  
deflects according  
to brightness. When the stopper button is  
released, the meter needle becomes fixed  
at the deflected position. If the location is  
excessively bright and the meter needle  
deflects beyond scale, insert the High  
slide  
e. Read the footcandle indication  
of the meter needle.  
f. Transfer footcandle value to  
the dial scale  
dial ring  
and set the  
scale mark. If the High slide  
has been inserted, set the  
mark.  
9
g. At this time, the shutter speed scale  
and aperture scale  
combination becomes the correct exposure.  
Example: With High slide inserted, meter indicates 80 footcandles At ISO 100, the proper  
exposure becomes 1, 250 sec at F 5.6, 1; 30 sec at F!16 and 1 sec at F-90. h. By  
changing ISO setting, the set combination of shutter speed and aperture scale is  
automatically altered to the appropriate one corresponding to the changed ISO value.  
* Meter scale intermediate values  
intermediate values for  
shutter speed and aperture  
scale  
* Film sensitivity intermediate values  
Note: When no slide is inserted, strong light  
directly striking the slide slot may enter  
through the slot. Although this does not  
seriously affect exposure, if more accurate  
exposure is required, cover slot with hand.  
1 c'.  
2. Lumidisc. Employ for illumination contrast  
Adjustment and luminance measurement.  
· Contrast measurement  
a. Mount Lumidisc  
sensor  
Install in the same  
manner as Lumisphere.  
b. Hold meter at subject position  
and point Lumidisc  
directly toward center of main light.  
c. Press stopper button  
read meter scale footcandle  
indication  
d. Turn the memo pointer dial and set the  
pointer  
1
7
at the footcandle value the  
needle points to  
e. In the same manner, measure the fill-in  
light. In this case, use care that light from  
main source dose not enter sensor.  
f. Read  
a
difference  
between  
the  
footcandle value the pointer is set (see  
above c) and the one for fill-in light (=  
needle position.  
Ratio between main and fillip light  
footcandles becomes the contrast ratio.  
Example:  
With main light at 640  
footcandles, fill-in light reads  
320 footcandles. Illumination  
contrast ratio becomes:  
640  
320  
2
1
or 2 : 1  
11  
e. Press stopper button  
and  
read meter scale footcandle  
indication  
. However, since  
footcandles are units of incident light  
only, this value becomes simply a  
reference.  
f. Transfer indicated value to dial  
scale  
Rotate the dial ring  
mark  
and set  
g. At this time, shutter speed  
scale  
and  
aperture  
combination becomes the  
correct exposure.  
Note:  
Do not employ slides for reflected  
light measurement.  
* More accurate results can be obtained for  
reflected light measurement by using  
a
standard  
reflectance  
slide  
(optional  
accessory).  
Other Operations  
1. Exposure Value  
(EV) number Readout  
Reading this exposure value to perform  
setting becomes convenient for cameras  
which employ a light value system shutter and  
aperture combination.  
13  
a. Read meter needle  
candle indication  
foot-  
b. Transfer this number to the  
dial scale  
and set  
Rotate dial ring  
scale mark  
If the High slide is inserted, set  
the mark  
c. EV value indicated by EV  
mark  
becomes the correct  
exposure value.  
2. Employing Cine Scale  
Incident and reflected light  
measurements during cine pho-  
tography are performed in the  
same manner as described pre-  
viously. However, since the cine  
scale  
cine camera film speed, read the  
aperture scale  
numerals correspond to  
indication that  
pertains to the employed film speed.  
Note: Some cine cameras possess faster exposure times due to a narrower  
rotating shutter angle (angle of light transmitting portion). It is important to  
know the accurate film speed versus shutter angle value for your camera  
in order to determine proper exposure. Refer to the camera operating  
instructions, maker's catalogue, etc. for shutter speed information.  
Shutter angle and exposure calculation:  
Note: Standard theatrical cine film speed is 24 fps at 1/50 sec.  
This position is indicated by a red line on the scale.  
14  
3. Using Exposure Multipliers (-2, -1, +1, +2)  
Exposure multiplier indications are provided at both sides of the  
marks of the dial scale. Use the -1 or -2 mark when desir  
ing to cut the exposure to 1!2 of 1!4 and +1 or +2 mark to multiply the exposure by 2 or 4.  
Set the appropriate mark, instead of the or, to the dial scale value.  
EMPLOYING SPECIAL ACCESSORIES  
1. Direct Reading Slides  
A total of 11 slides are available, all of which may be used together with the Lumisphere  
and Lumidisc. (Note that they cannot be used with Lumigrid.) The High slide, as  
mentioned previously, is employed for varying the measuring range in 2 steps (high and  
low illumination), however, it can also be used for direct reading. The other slides are  
specialized for direct reading and cannot be used for mode selection.  
15  
Note: One set of slides consists of slide numbers 1 - 11 in a case. The High slide  
can also be used as a direct reading slide.  
2. Direct Reading Slide Application  
When photographing, select slide from  
the above table according to film  
sensitivity and shutter speed. Insert slide  
and perform measurement in the same  
manner as for incident light. Read  
directly the  
aperture value  
the meter needle  
* Since it is not necessary to rotate the dial when employing direct reading slides,  
setting becomes extremely fast and convenient.  
16  
MEASUREMENT EXAMPLES WITH VARIOUS SUBJECTS  
1. Portrait Photography  
There are various kinds of human subject photography. In a case, for example, of a  
skier against a snowy mountain background, the human subject simply becomes a  
picture detail and for the purpose of determining the exposure, this cannot be  
considered portrait photography. In the final analysis, portrait photography is when  
the human subject is in the center of the picture and the exposure adjusted to him.  
In addition, camera to subject distance must be considered, whether the picture is to  
be one person or a group.  
Measurement by incident light (Lumisphere installed) displays high effectiveness in  
portrait photography. Perform measurement as described in the section on Incident  
Light Measurement. After setting the proper exposure for the human subject,  
lighting conditions do not present a problem and subject detail is preserved even  
under back lighting.  
2. Typical Scenery  
In the case of scenery, measure by using the Lumisphere at the camera position (refer to  
section on Incident Light Measurement). Although the previously described standard  
holding method is adequate, if lighting conditions of subject and camera positions are  
dissimilar, move the meter to a position where conditions are the same type as those of the  
subject and point in  
a
direction parallel to the camera optical axis. If the subject is  
shadowed, either move the measuring position to the same type of location or reproduce  
the same conditions with the hand or other means. Portrayals of buildings etc. can be  
considered as general middle distance scenery, while main subjects can be treated in the  
same manner as described in the section on Portrait Photography.  
3. Observatorial Scenes  
This refers to the situation where a distant object in the subject field forms an important part  
of the pictured scene.  
Examples: Observatories, distant views, etc.  
18  
Distant scenes are subject to haze due to atmospheric effects on light and can be  
easily overexposed. For this reason, first use the Lumisphere and measure by  
standard method from the camera position. Then point the Lumisphere toward the  
sun and measure. Determine exposure from the mean of the two obtained values.  
Note: To obtain the mean of the two values, perform as follows.  
Transfer mean value of the two footcandle indications (aperture  
scale) to the dial.  
Example: If 320(8) footcandles and 80(4) footcandles are obtained,  
the mean value becomes 160(5.61. In the case of 80(4)  
and 40(2.8) footcandles, the intermediate becomes the  
desired value. Consequently, transfer that value to the  
dial.  
Transfer each footcandle value to the dial to obtain exposure. In cases of the  
same aperture, setting the shutter speed to the average is acceptable.  
Memo pointer is useful for memorizing the first measured value.  
19  
4. Snow Scenes  
a. Many cases of problems occur with reflected light measuring methods due to snow  
surface glare. Using incident light measurement eliminates these concerns. Freshly  
fallen snow possesses a reflectivity of approximately 73%, while even after several  
days in urban areas, this declines only to about 60%. Compensation must therefore  
be performed. Measurement by standard method  
is reduced by  
Example:  
Note 1 :  
Note:2:  
Reduce as much as possible since overexposed snow can  
take on a flour-like appearance without luster in the  
finished photograph.  
compensation amount is based on the re-  
flectivity value of snow. This may vary according to snow  
quality and soiling.  
20  
0Note 3:  
In situations with direct or top lighting  
(sun near zenith), the Lumisphere will  
detect reflected light from the snow  
surface. Some means of blocking the  
light from below becomes required in this  
case.  
b. In some cases, good results can be obtained with reflected light measurement  
under back light conditions, cloudy snow scenes where glare is less and snow  
scenes under direct lighting. Install Lumigrid and point light sensor slightly  
downward to block light from the sky, then from camera position, aim toward  
subject  
and measure. Be sure to set the  
mark at this time and do not  
employ slides.  
5. Scenes with Side or Back Lighting  
In typical cases of back and side lighting, although the surface of a 3-dimensional  
subject facing the camera becomes dark, a portion is usually strongly lighted. Even  
though standard measurement with the Lumisphere can bring out detail of the  
darker portions, on occasion, the brighter portions can become overexposed and  
difficult to see. In some instances, this effect can even be enhanced to produce a  
special photographic composition, but for a generally more attractive result,  
perform as follows. First use the Lumisphere and measure by standard method,  
then determine exposure from the mean value (same technique as used for  
Observatorial Scenes).  
6. Silhouette Photography  
In situations such as a silhouette of a person, tree or bridge in the foreground  
against the setting sun and brilliantly shining sky as background, remove slide and  
point Lumisphere toward the setting  
sun to measure (as with Reflected Light Measurement). Then  
without inserting High slide, set to  
mark. In this manner, the  
foreground becomes silhouetted by underexposing the light source.  
APPLICATIONS SUMMARY  
1. Special Features of the Studio Deluxe 11  
As the Studio Deluxe ll is  
a
high precision measuring instrument, by fully utilizing its  
capabilities, its special functions can be displayed covering an additionally wide range of  
applications. Incident light measurement is an extremely practical method in actual  
photographic situations and is often employed by professional photographers and  
cinematographers. Since proper exposure can be determined even in cases where errors  
are easily incurred with reflected light measurement, it is extremely convenient for both  
color and monochrome.  
The Lumisphere displays its optimum value when used for incident light measurement  
during color or monochrome photography of fleshtones (portrait photography in which  
fleshtones are considered as the main picture element for determining exposure). Since  
good or bad quality portrayals can be discerned even by amateurs, fleshtones become the  
only true standard in color photography. (They can also be given a wider range of artistic  
expression than visible to the naked eye.)  
Well known basic principles form the foundation of the Studio Deluxell, however, plenty of  
latitude is provided for obtaining special effects. By allowing variations in exposure to be  
performed, exactly the same reproductions become possible as those learned only from  
experience. Utilizing the selection of accessories also opens the way to the multitude of  
applications described in the preceding pages.  
23  
2. Illumination Contrast  
Light balance measurements are the most important application of the Lumidisc. This  
consists of measuring the ratio of main light and fill in light in order to perform vital  
adjustments when photographing an illuminated subject. The photographer is advised to  
record the data obtained for his particular equipment. This will provide ready reference in  
the future and allow the same lighting conditions to be reproduced.  
When shooting in a studio or similar situation where artificial lighting equipment is used,  
more attractive results can be produced by making the main and fill in light ratio 4 : 1 - 2 :  
1. Also when using reflectors either indoors or outdoors, determine the exposure after  
measuring the illumination ratio.  
Normal sunlight becomes the main light source outdoors, while white or silver reflectors are  
used to brighten shadow portions of the subject. In this situation, install the Lumidisc, point  
it toward the sun and read the indicated value. Turn the memo pointer dial and set the  
pointer 17 at the read value. Next, point the Lumidisc toward the reflector (shield with hand  
to avoid sunlight) and again read the indicated value. To obtain maximum color effect, this  
fill in light source should be 1/2 - 1/4 of the main lignt.  
An additional theatrical effect can be produced with monochrome by using  
a
higher  
illumination ratio. It is suggested, for example, to use  
sunlight of 1/16 or lower.  
a
ratio between fill in light and  
If the meter needle deflects beyond scale, use the H slide and as described earlier, multiply  
the indicated value by 32. Then calculate main and fill in lighting (see section on *Contrast  
measurement).  
After completing light balance adjustment, replace Lumisphere and measure exposure by  
normal method. At this time, hold the Lumisphere close to the subject to fully detect  
sunlight and fill in light.  
Fill in light measurement  
Main light measurement  
Use white or silver reflector to brighten  
shadow portions of subject.  
Exposure measurement  
25  
Illumination ratio can be  
varied by keeping the main  
light fixed and varying the fill  
in light.  
Reflected Light Measurement  
Reflected light measurement is employed for the following purposes.  
a. Luminance range adjustment.  
b. Self-lighted subjects such as neon signs which can only be measured by reflected light  
method and locations such as show windows where meter cannot be brought into proximity  
with subject to allow incident light method.  
Measurement in these type situations in described below.  
1. Luminance range center point  
Refers to measuring subject luminance by reflected light method. This luminance varies  
somewhat according to incident light strength and surface reflectivity of the subject.  
Incident light becomes measured by taking the standard surface reflection as 18%, from  
which the exposure value is determined.  
To obtain accurate exposures, the Lumisphere is used to measure effective footcandles to  
determine the Luminance center point.  
26  
Shown here is an example of using  
Lumisphere and by normal measuring  
method without slide, meter needle  
indicates 640 footcandles. With film  
sensitivity of ISO 100, exposure  
becomes f 45  
and shutter speed 1 second. mark at  
this time indicates 20.  
This 20 indicates the exact center point of the luminance range. In the same  
condition, install Lumigrid and when standard reflectivity of 18% is measured, this  
means that the dial scale will indicate 20. When determining exposure by using the  
Lumisphere or Lumidisc,  
the  
mark will always indicate the center of luminance range,  
regardless of whether or not the High slide is inserted.  
If the measured value is set to the dial scale  
mark and the  
mark dose not reach the scale, reflected light measurement  
with the Lumigrid cannot be performed due to insufficient incident light strength. In  
other words, if the incident light is less than 160 footcandles, reflected light  
measurement cannot be performed with the Lumigrid.  
b. Hold meter about 15cm from the subject, point Lumigrid to each surface of the  
subject and read the footcandle scale value.  
c. To determine the luminance range, it is sufficient to divide the highest meter  
indication by the lowest. For example, if the highest value is 80 and the lowest 5, the  
luminance range becomes 80/5 = 16/1 or 16 : 1.  
Luminance range measurement  
3. To obtain superior color photographs, determine upper and lower limits.  
a. Adequate color photographs can be obtained with typical color film if within the subject  
luminance distribution, the maximum is less than 4 times the center point and minimum  
more than 1 /4 times (i.e.: overall luminance range becomes less than 16 : 1).  
b. With  
a
luminance center point of 20, if the measured maximum luminance is higher  
than 80 (center point 20 x 4 = 80), color of that surface will become faded in the  
photograph. Consequently, a slight reduction of incident light to this portion becomes  
required.  
c. Conversely,  
20  
photograph.  
a
portion with  
a
measured minimum luminance less than 5 (center point  
/
4
=
5) requires increased illumination in order to obtain an acceptable color  
28  
The Studio Deluxe indicates normal color  
photograph luminance range limits  
corresponding to 2 f stops left and right  
of the luminance range center point.  
4. Illumination Adjustment  
The Studio Deluxe possesses an array of functions for the performance of  
illumination adjustments which were nearly unknown in earlier instruments. It  
allows the shooting site to be set up quickly and accurately. Described here are set  
up procedure and 29  
examples to provide full control over movie scenes. It would not be erroneous to also apply  
these to still photos.  
Stage 1  
Determine overall lighting strength.  
a. Set meter to ISO 100 (see film  
sensitivity intermediate values).  
b. Set 24 red line of cine speed  
scale to F/5.6.  
c. At this time,  
mark indication on dial scale becomes slightly  
lower than 640 (footcandles). If this is taken as the meter scale position, a value of  
500 footcandles (lower than 640 footcandles) becomes the required lighting strength  
(see meter intermediate scale values).  
Stage 2  
Key light setting  
a. Turn on key light (main light) and determine direction required for subject illumination.  
b. Without installing slide, hold meter at the subject position, point Lumisphere toward  
camera and set stopper button to released  
position.  
c. Adjust main light intensity or distance until meter indicates 400. The indication can  
then be increased to the required 500 footcandles (determined in Stage 1c) by  
applying fill in light.  
Stage 3  
Adjust illumination contrast  
a. Install Lumidisc in place of Lumisphere.  
b. Measure key light (indication should be 400 footcandles).  
c. Turn on fill in light.  
d. As described in section on outdoors Illumination Contrast  
Adjustment, adjust fill in light to obtain suitable illumination  
contrast. (For a contrast ratio of 2 : 1, the fill in light indication  
must be 200 footcandles.) Lighting from back affects contrast  
only slightly.  
30  
Adjust luminance range  
a. Install Lumisphere.  
b. Hold meter at subject position, point Lumisphere toward camera and read needle  
indication. With all lights turned on, adjust main light so that indication becomes 500  
footcandles.  
c.  
Set  
mark to 500 and read  
value becomes 16 to indicate luminance range center point. If by experience the  
required results can be obtained with luminance range of 16 to 1, maximum  
a
a
luminance indication of 64 (center point 16 x 4 = 64) becomes the upper limit for  
desired color reproduction. In this case, the minimum limit becomes 4 (center point 16  
= 4 = 4). This means that attractive color reproduction cannot be obtained unless the  
subject luminance distribution is within 4 ^- 64.  
d. Exchange Lumisphere for Lumigrid and check if there are any locations on the subject  
brighter than 64 or dimmer than 4.  
Stage 5  
Determine correct exposure  
Although above Stage 4b includes an exposure value measurement using the Lumisphere,  
perform correct exposure measurement as a final check. With the illumination controlled as  
described, this should accurately become F/5.6 1/50 sec. This 5 stage procedure allows full  
control of all lighting elements.  
Closeups  
It is essential to increase the exposure value when the subject is closer to the camera than  
10 times the camera focal distance. An example of this type of case is with a camera lens  
focal distance to 50mm and  
a
subject distance of 40cm. The reason for this is the  
increased image magnification as the subject approaches the camera. When light from the  
subject passes through the lens and becomes focused on the film, the following  
relationship exists among film plane illumination, subject brightness and image  
magnification.  
31  
As can be noted from the above formula, if the subject luminance is fixed and the  
magnification changes, the film plane brightness (illumination) varies in the inverse  
proportion (M + 1)2. With a large subject distance, M is small and this effect  
becomes nearly absent, but as the subject distance decreases, M becomes larger.  
In an actual photographic example, with a magnification M of 1, film plane  
brightness becomes (M + 1)2 or 4. This is 1/4th that of a subject distance at infinity  
and exposure must be increased 4 times. When the measured exposure value is  
1/60 sec shutter speed, this must be compensated to 1/15 sec (1/60 x 4 = 1/15). In  
closeup photography, (M + 1)2 is referred to as the compensation factor.  
Measuring Method  
Hold meter as close as possible to the subject and point Lumisphere toward the  
camera. If light source is very close to the subject, temporarily remove the subject  
and hold the Lumisphere in the subject position. The light then striking the  
Lumisphere becomes exactly the same as that illuminating the subject. To obtain  
exposure compensation for closeup:  
1. Determine exposure by normal incident light method. 2. Measure  
subject and image sizes (groundglass).  
3. If the image is larger than the subject, it is enlarged, while a smaller image is  
compressed. Divide the larger value by the smaller value.  
4. Obtain compensation factor from Table 1.  
5. Apply compensation factor to measured exposure value to produce  
compensated exposure value.  
32  
2
Compensation factor = (M + 1)  
Compression  
Compensation  
Enlargement .  
Compensation  
Subject to  
image ratio  
20 : 1  
19 : 1  
18 : 1  
17 : 1  
16 : 1  
15 : 1  
14 : 1  
13 : 1  
12 : 1  
11 : 1  
10 : 1  
9 : 1  
Subject to  
image ratio  
1 : 1  
1 : 1.25  
1 : 1.50  
1 : 1.75  
1 : 2  
1 : 2.25  
1 : 2.5  
1 : 2.75  
1 : 3  
1 : 3.5  
1 : 4  
factor  
1.10  
1.11  
1.11  
1.12  
1.13  
1.14  
1.15  
1.16  
1.17  
1.19  
1.21  
1.24  
1.27  
1.31  
1.36  
1.44  
1.50  
1.56  
1.65  
1.78  
1.86  
1.96  
2.09  
2.25  
2.47  
2.78  
3.24  
4.00  
Factor  
4
5
6
7.5  
9
10.5  
12  
14  
16  
20  
25  
30  
36  
49  
64  
81  
100  
121  
144  
169  
196  
225  
256  
289  
324  
361  
400  
441  
1 : 4.5  
1 : 5  
1 : 6  
1 : 7  
1 : 8  
8 : 1  
7 : 1  
6 : 1  
5 : 1  
4.5 : 1  
4 : 1  
3.5 : 1  
3 : 1  
2.75: 1  
2.5 : 1  
2.25: 1  
2 : 1  
1 .75 : 1  
1.5 : 1  
1 .25 : 1  
1 : 1  
1 : 9  
1 : 10  
1 : 1 1  
1 : 12  
1 : 13  
1 : 14  
1 : 15  
1 :16  
1 : 17  
1 :18  
1 : 19  
1 : 20  
33  
HANDLING CAUTIONS  
Since the Studio Deluxe ll is a high precision instrument, use ample  
care in regard to the following points.  
Avoid dropping or subjecting it to strong shock.  
Do not store in high temperature or high humidity locations.  
Do not store in areas subject to magnetic fields or where insect repellants are located  
(metal cabinets, clothing dressers, etc.).  
Keep Lumisphere and Lumidisc clean and protect from scratches. If severely soiled,  
these can be washed in  
thoroughly.  
a
lukewarm solution of mild detergent. Rinse and dry  
In event service is required, contact the nearest authorized service agency. If necessary to  
ship the meter, be sure to surround it with at least 3cm (1-1/2") thick insulating material  
and pack in a sturdy, crush resistant package.  
SEKONIC CORPORATION  
7-24-14, OIZUMI-GAKUEN-CHO, NERIMA-KU, TOKYO 178-8686, JAPAN TEL: (03) 3978-2335  
FAX: (03) 3978-5229  
T156270B-A  

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