E
fx-9860G Series
Software Version 1.11
User’s Guide
CASIO Worldwide Education Website
CASIO EDUCATIONAL FORUM
Quick-Start
TURNING POWER ON AND OFF
USING MODES
BASIC CALCULATIONS
REPLAY FEATURE
FRACTION CALCULATIONS
EXPONENTS
ONBOARD FUNCTION MANUAL
GRAPH FUNCTIONS
DUAL GRAPH
DYNAMIC GRAPH
TABLE FUNCTION
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Quick-Start
Quick-Start
Welcome to the world of graphing calculators.
Quick-Start is not a complete tutorial, but it takes you through many of the most
common functions, from turning the power on, and on to graphing complex equations.
When you’re done, you’ll have mastered the basic operation of this calculator and will
be ready to proceed with the rest of this user’s guide to learn the entire spectrum of
functions available.
Each step of the examples in Quick-Start is shown graphically to help you follow
along quickly and easily. When you need to enter the number 57, for example, we’ve
indicated it as follows:
Press fh.
Whenever necessary, we’ve included samples of what your screen should look like.
If you find that your screen doesn’t match the sample, you can restart from the
beginning by pressing the “All Clear” button
.
o
TURNING POWER ON AND OFF
To turn power on, press
.
o
OFF
o.
To turn power off, press !
Calculator power turns off automatically if you do not perform any operation within
the Auto Power Off trigger time you specify. You can specify either 10 minutes or 60
minutes as the trigger time.
USING MODES
This calculator makes it easy to perform a wide range of calculations by simply
selecting the appropriate mode. Before getting into actual calculations and operation
examples, let’s take a look at how to navigate around the modes.
•
To select the RUN MAT mode
1. Press m to display the Main Menu.
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Quick-Start
•
2. Use defc to highlight RUN MAT
and then press w.
•
This is the initial screen of the RUN MAT mode,
where you can perform manual calculations, matrix
calculations, and run programs.
BASIC CALCULATIONS
With manual calculations, you input formulas from left to right, just as they are written
on paper. With formulas that include mixed arithmetic operators and parentheses, the
calculator automatically applies true algebraic logic to calculate the result.
Example: 15 × 3 + 61
1. Press o to clear the calculator.
2. Pressbf*d+gbw.
Parentheses Calculations
Example: 15 × (3 + 61)
1. Pressbf*(d
+gb)w.
Built-In Functions
This calculator includes a number of built-in scientific functions, including trigonometric
and logarithmic functions.
Example: 25 × sin 45˚
Important!
Be sure that you specify Deg (degrees) as the angle unit before you try this
example.
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Quick-Start
SET UP
1. Press!m to display the Setup screen.
2. Presscccccc1(Deg)
to specify degrees as the angle unit.
3. PressJ to clear the menu.
4. Presso to clear the unit.
5. Presscf*sefw.
REPLAY FEATURE
With the replay feature, simply press d or e to recall the last calculation that
was performed so you can make changes or re-execute it as it is.
Example: To change the calculation in the last example from (25 × sin 45˚) to
(25 × sin 55˚)
1. Press d to display the last calculation.
2. Press d to move the cursor (I) to the right side of 4.
3. Press D to delete 4.
4. Press f.
5. Press w to execute the calculation again.
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Quick-Start
FRACTION CALCULATIONS
You can use the $ key to input fractions into calculations. The symbol “ { ” is used
to separate the various parts of a fraction.
31
37
Example:
/
+
/
16
9
1. Presso.
2. Pressdb$bg+
dh$jw.
Indicates 871
/
144
Converting an Improper Fraction to a Mixed Fraction
<
While an improper fraction is shown on the display, press !Mto convert it to a
mixed fraction.
<
Press !Magain to convert back to an improper fraction.
Converting a Fraction to Its Decimal Equivalent
While a fraction is shown on the display, press Mto convert it to its decimal
equivalent.
Press Magain to convert back to a fraction.
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Quick-Start
EXPONENTS
Example: 1250 × 2.065
1. Presso.
2. Pressbcfa*c.ag.
3. PressM and the ^ indicator appears on the display.
4. Pressf. The ^5 on the display indicates that 5 is an exponent.
5. Pressw.
ONBOARD FUNCTION MANUAL
You can use the catalog function to display the command onboard function manual.
The onboard function manual includes an explanation of the command, syntax
information, one or more examples of how to use the command, and the function key
sequence.
Example: To display onboard function manual information for the nCr command.
1. Press o.
2. Press !e(CATALOG).
3. Press I(C) c.
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Quick-Start
4. Press 5(HELP).
Onboard function manual
GRAPH FUNCTIONS
The graphing capabilities of this calculator makes it possible to draw complex graphs
using either rectangular coordinates (horizontal axis: x ; vertical axis: y ) or polar
coordinates (angle: θ ; distance from origin: r ).
All of the following graphing examples are performed starting from the calculator setup
in effect immediately following a reset operation.
Example 1: To graph Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)
1. Press m.
2. Use defc to highlight GRAPH,
and then press w.
3. Input the formula.
v(v+b)
(v-c)w
4. Press 6(DRAW) or w to draw the graph.
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Quick-Start
Example 2: To determine the roots of Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)
1. Press !5(G-SLV).
2. Press 1(ROOT).
Press e for other roots.
Example 3: Determine the area bounded by the origin and the X = –1 root obtained for
Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)
1. Press !5(G-SLV)6(g).
2. Press 3(∫dx).
3. Use d to move the pointer to the location where
X = –1, and then press w. Next, use e to
move the pointer to the location where X = 0, and
then press w to input the integration range,
which becomes shaded on the display.
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Quick-Start
DUAL GRAPH
With this function you can split the display between two areas and display two graph
windows.
Example: To draw the following two graphs and determine the points of intersection
Y1 = X(X + 1)(X – 2)
Y2 = X + 1.2
SET UP
1. Press !mcc1(G+G) to
specify “G+G” for the Dual Screen setting.
2. Press J, and then input the two functions.
v(v+b)
(v-c)w
v+b.cw
3. Press 6(DRAW) or w to draw the graphs.
Box Zoom
Use the Box Zoom function to specify areas of a graph for enlargement.
1. Press !2(ZOOM) 1(BOX).
2. Use d e f c to move the pointer to
one corner of the area you want to specify and then
press w.
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Quick-Start
3. Use d e f c to move the pointer
again. As you do, a box appears on the display.
Move the pointer so the box encloses the area you
want to enlarge.
4. Press w, and the enlarged area appears in the
inactive (right side) screen.
DYNAMIC GRAPH
Dynamic Graph lets you see how the shape of a graph is affected as the value
assigned to one of the coefficients of its function changes.
Example: To draw graphs as the value of coefficient A in the following function
changes from 1 to 3
Y = AX2
1. Press m.
2. Use d e f c to highlight DYNA,
and then press w.
3. Input the formula.
A
a vxw
v
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Quick-Start
4. Press 4(VAR) bw to assign an initial
value of 1 to coefficient A.
5. Press 2(SET) bwdwbw
to specify the range and increment of change in
coefficient A.
6. Press J.
7. Press 6(DYNA) to start Dynamic Graph drawing.
The graphs are drawn 10 times.
• To interrupt an ongoing Dynamic Graph drawing
operation, press o.
↓
↓ ↑
↓ ↑
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Quick-Start
TABLE FUNCTION
The Table Function makes it possible to generate a table of solutions as different
values are assigned to the variables of a function.
Example: To create a number table for the following function
Y = X (X+1) (X–2)
1. Press m.
2. Use defc to highlight TABLE, and
then press w.
3. Input the formula.
v(v+b)
(v-c)w
4. Press 6(TABL) to generate the number table.
To learn all about the many powerful features of this calculator, read on and explore!
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Precautions when Using this Product
A progress bar and/or a busy indicator appear on the display whenever the calculator is
performing a calculation, writing to memory (including Flash memory), or reading from
memory (including Flash memory).
Busy indicator
Progress bar
Never press the P button or remove the batteries from the calculator when the progress bar
or busy indicator is on the display. Doing so can cause memory contents to be lost and can
cause malfunction of the calculator.
This calculator is equipped with Flash memory for data storage. It is recommended that you
always backup your data to Flash memory. For details about the backup procedure, see
“12-7 MEMORY Mode” in the User’s Guide.
You can also transfer data to a computer using the Program-Link software (FA-124) that
comes bundled with the calculator. The Program-Link software can also be used to backup
data to a computer.
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• The contents of this user’s guide are subject to change without notice.
• No part of this user’s guide may be reproduced in any form without the express written
consent of the manufacturer.
• The options described in Chapter 12 of this user’s guide may not be available in certain
geographic areas. For full details on availability in your area, contact your nearest CASIO
dealer or distributor.
• Be sure to keep all user documentation handy for future reference.
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Contents
Contents
Getting Acquainted — Read This First!
Chapter 1 Basic Operation
1-1 Keys.................................................................................................. 1-1-1
1-2 Display .............................................................................................. 1-2-1
1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations .................................................... 1-3-1
1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu........................................................................ 1-4-1
1-5 Variable Data (VARS) Menu ............................................................. 1-5-1
1-6 Program (PRGM) Menu ................................................................... 1-6-1
1-7 Syntax Help ...................................................................................... 1-7-1
1-8 Using the Setup Screen.................................................................... 1-8-1
1-9 Using Screen Capture ...................................................................... 1-9-1
1-10 When you keep having problems… ................................................ 1-10-1
Chapter 2 Manual Calculations
2-1 Basic Calculations ............................................................................ 2-1-1
2-2 Special Functions ............................................................................. 2-2-1
2-3 Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format.................................. 2-3-1
2-4 Function Calculations ....................................................................... 2-4-1
2-5 Numerical Calculations..................................................................... 2-5-1
2-6 Complex Number Calculations ......................................................... 2-6-1
2-7 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations
with Integers ..................................................................................... 2-7-1
2-8 Matrix Calculations ........................................................................... 2-8-1
Chapter 3 List Function
3-1 Inputting and Editing a List ............................................................... 3-1-1
3-2 Manipulating List Data ...................................................................... 3-2-1
3-3 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists................................................... 3-3-1
3-4 Switching Between List Files ............................................................ 3-4-1
Chapter 4 Equation Calculations
4-1 Simultaneous Linear Equations........................................................ 4-1-1
4-2 Quadratic and Cubic Equations........................................................ 4-2-1
4-3 Solve Calculations ............................................................................ 4-3-1
4-4 What to Do When an Error Occurs ................................................... 4-4-1
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Contents
Chapter 5 Graphing
5-1 Sample Graphs................................................................................. 5-1-1
5-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen.................................. 5-2-1
5-3 Drawing a Graph............................................................................... 5-3-1
5-4 Storing a Graph in Picture Memory .................................................. 5-4-1
5-5 Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen....................................... 5-5-1
5-6 Manual Graphing .............................................................................. 5-6-1
5-7 Using Tables...................................................................................... 5-7-1
5-8 Dynamic Graphing............................................................................ 5-8-1
5-9 Graphing a Recursion Formula......................................................... 5-9-1
5-10 Changing the Appearance of a Graph ............................................ 5-10-1
5-11 Function Analysis............................................................................ 5-11-1
Chapter 6 Statistical Graphs and Calculations
6-1 Before Performing Statistical Calculations........................................ 6-1-1
6-2 Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data ............... 6-2-1
6-3 Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data............... 6-3-1
6-4 Performing Statistical Calculations.................................................... 6-4-1
6-5 Tests.................................................................................................. 6-5-1
6-6 Confidence Interval........................................................................... 6-6-1
6-7 Distribution........................................................................................ 6-7-1
Chapter 7 Financial Calculation (TVM)
7-1 Before Performing Financial Calculations......................................... 7-1-1
7-2 Simple Interest.................................................................................. 7-2-1
7-3 Compound Interest ........................................................................... 7-3-1
7-4 Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal) .................................................... 7-4-1
7-5 Amortization...................................................................................... 7-5-1
7-6 Interest Rate Conversion .................................................................. 7-6-1
7-7 Cost, Selling Price, Margin................................................................ 7-7-1
7-8 Day/Date Calculations ...................................................................... 7-8-1
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Contents
Chapter 8 Programming
8-1 Basic Programming Steps ................................................................ 8-1-1
8-2 PRGM Mode Function Keys.............................................................. 8-2-1
8-3 Editing Program Contents................................................................. 8-3-1
8-4 File Management.............................................................................. 8-4-1
8-5 Command Reference........................................................................ 8-5-1
8-6 Using Calculator Functions in Programs........................................... 8-6-1
8-7 PRGM Mode Command List............................................................. 8-7-1
8-8 Program Library................................................................................ 8-8-1
Chapter 9 Spreadsheet
9-1 Spreadsheet Overview...................................................................... 9-1-1
9-2 File Operations and Re-calculation................................................... 9-2-1
9-3 Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations............................................. 9-3-1
9-4 Inputting and Editing Cell Data ......................................................... 9-4-1
•
9-5 S SHT Mode Commands ................................................................ 9-5-1
9-6 Statistical Graphs.............................................................................. 9-6-1
9-7 Using the CALC Function ................................................................. 9-7-1
•
9-8 Using Memory in the S SHT Mode ................................................. 9-8-1
Chapter 10 eActivity
10-1 eActivity Overview ........................................................................ 10-1-1
10-2 Working with eActivity Files.......................................................... 10-2-1
10-3 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data....................................... 10-3-1
10-4 Using Matrix Editor and List Editor ............................................... 10-4-1
10-5 eActivity File Memory Usage Screen............................................ 10-5-1
10-6 eActivity Guide.............................................................................. 10-6-1
Chapter 11 System Settings Menu
11-1 Using the System Settings Menu ................................................ 11-1-1
11-2 System Settings............................................................................ 11-2-1
11-3 Version List................................................................................... 11-3-1
11-4 Reset ............................................................................................ 11-4-1
Chapter 12 Data Communications
12-1 Connecting Two Units................................................................... 12-1-1
12-2 Connecting the Unit to a Personal Computer ............................... 12-2-1
12-3 Performing a Data Communication Operation.............................. 12-3-1
12-4 Data Communications Precautions .............................................. 12-4-1
12-5 Image Transfer.............................................................................. 12-5-1
12-6 Add-ins ......................................................................................... 12-6-1
12-7 MEMORY Mode............................................................................ 12-7-1
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Contents
Appendix
1
2
Error Message Table ...........................................................................α -1-1
Input Ranges .......................................................................................α -2-1
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Getting Acquainted
— Read This First!
About this User’s Guide
u! x(')
The above indicates you should press ! and then x, which will input a ' symbol. All
multiple-key input operations are indicated like this. Key cap markings are shown, followed
by the input character or command in parentheses.
u m EQUA
This indicates you should first press m, use the cursor keys (f, c, d, e) to select
the EQUA mode, and then press w. Operations you need to perform to enter a mode from
the Main Menu are indicated like this.
u Function Keys and Menus
• Many of the operations performed by this calculator can be executed by pressing function
keys 1 through 6. The operation assigned to each function key changes according to
the mode the calculator is in, and current operation assignments are indicated by function
menus that appear at the bottom of the display.
• This user’s guide shows the current operation assigned to a function key in parentheses
following the key cap for that key. 1(Comp), for example, indicates that pressing 1
selects {Comp}, which is also indicated in the function menu.
• When (g) is indicated in the function menu for key 6, it means that pressing 6 displays
the next page or previous page of menu options.
u Menu Titles
• Menu titles in this user’s guide include the key operation required to display the menu
being explained. The key operation for a menu that is displayed by pressing K and then
{MAT} would be shown as: [OPTN]-[MAT].
• 6(g) key operations to change to another menu page are not shown in menu title key
operations.
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0-1-1
Getting Acquainted
u Graphs
5-1-1
Samplraphs
5-1-2
Samplraphs
As a general rule, graph operations are shown on
facing pages, with actual graph examples on the right
hand page.You can produce the same graph on your
calculator by performing the steps under the Procedure
above the graph.
5-1 Sample Graphs
2
3x
Example
To graph
y
=
Procedure
k
How to drawa simple graph(1)
Description
draw graph, simply input the applicable function.
1
2
3
m
GRAPH
dvxw
To
a
6(DRAW) (or w)
Result Screen
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH Mode.
Execution
2. Input the function you want to graph.
Here you would use the V-Window to specify the range and other parameters of the
graph. See 5-2-1.
3. Draw the graph.
Look for the type of graph you want on the right hand
page, and then go to the page indicated for that graph.
The steps under “Procedure” always use initial RESET
settings.
#
Pressing graph is on the display
will return to the screen in step 2.
A
while
a
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The step numbers in the “Set Up” and “Execution” sections on the left hand page correspond
to the “Procedure” step numbers on the right hand page.
Example:
Left hand page
Right hand page
3. Draw the graph.
3 6(DRAW)(or w)
u Command List
The PRGM Mode Command List (page 8-7) provides a graphic flowchart of the various
function key menus and shows how to maneuver to the menu of commands you need.
Example: The following operation displays Xfct: [VARS]-[FACT]-[Xfct]
u Page Contents
l
1-2-2
Diay
i
1-2-3
Diay
Three-part page numbers are centered at the top of
each page. The page number “1-2-3”, for example,
indicates Chapter 1, Section 2, page 3.
Ikon
Lägesnamn
Beskrivning
k
Om funktionsmenyn
S
•
SHT
Use this mode to perform spreadsheet calculations. Each file
(Spreadsheet)
contains 26-column 999-line spreadsheet. In addition to
a
⋅
Use the function keys (1 to 6) to access the menus and commands in the menu bar
the calculator’s built-in commands and SHT mode
S
•
along the bottom of the display screen. You can tell whether
command by its appearance.
a
menu bar item is
a
menu or
a
commands, you can also perform statistical calculations and
graph statistical data using the same procedures that you use
in the STAT mode.
•
Next Menu
GRAPH
Use this mode to store graph functions and to draw graphs
using the functions.
Example:
Selecting
displays
a
menu of hyperbolic functions.
DYNA
Use this mode to store graph functions and to draw multiple
(Dynamic Graph)
versions of
variables in
a
a
graph by changing the values assigned to the
function.
•
Command Input
TABLE
Use this mode to store functions, to generate numeric
table of different solutions as the values assigned to
variables in function change, and to draw graphs.
a
Example:
Selecting
a
inputs the sinh command.
RECUR
(Recursion)
Use this mode to store recursion formulas, to generate
numeric table of different solutions as the values assigned to
variables in function change, and to draw graphs.
a
•
Direct Command Execution
a
Example:
Selecting
CONICS
Use this mode to draw graphs of conic sections.
executes the DRAW command.
EQUA
(Equation)
Use this mode to solve linear equations with two through six
unknowns, quadratic equations, and cubic equations.
k
Om skärmar på displayen
PRGM
(Program)
Use this mode to store programs in the program area and to
run programs.
This calculator uses two types of display screens:
a
text screen and
a
graph screen. The text
screen can show 21 columns and
function key menu. The graph screen uses an area that measures 127 (W)
8
lines of characters, with the bottom line used for the
63 (H) dots.
⋅
TVM
(Financial)
Use this mode to perform financial calculations and to draw
cash flow and other types of graphs. to make
T
e
x
t
S
c
r
e
e
n
G
r
a
p
h
S
c
r
e
e
n
LINK
Use this mode to transfer memory contents or back-up data
to another unit or PC.
MEMORY
SYSTEM
Use this mode to manage data stored in memory
.
Use this mode to initialize memory, adjust contrast, and to
make other system settings.
The contents of each type of screen are stored in independent memory areas.
Press !6(G? T) to switch between the graph screen and text screen.
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u Supplementary Information
Supplementary information is shown at the bottom of each page in a “
(Notes)” block.
indicates a note about a term that appears in the same page as the note.
*
# indicates a note that provides general information about topic covered in the same section
as the note.
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1
Chapter
Basic Operation
1-1 Keys
1-2 Display
1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations
1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu
1-5 Variable Data (VARS) Menu
1-6 Program (PRGM) Menu
1-7 Syntax Help
1-8 Using the Setup Screen
1-9 Using Screen Capture
1-10 When you keep having problems…
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1-1-1
Keys
1-1 Keys
k Key Index
Combined with
a
Key
Primary Function
Combined with
!
Trace
Performs trace operation (see
page 5-11-1).
Selects 1st function menu item.
Selects 2nd function menu item.
Selects 3rd function menu item.
Selects 4th function menu item.
Selects 5th function menu item.
1
Zoom
Performs zoom operation (see
page 5-2-7).
2
V-Window
Displays V-Window parameter
input screen (see page 5-2-1).
3
Sketch
Performs sketch operation (see
page 5-10-1).
4
G-Solv
Performs G-Solve operation
(see page 5-11-9).
5
Switches display between
graph and text screens (see
page 1-2-3).
↔
G
T
Selects 6th function menu item.
6
Combined with
a
Key
Primary Function
Combined with
!
Activates shift functions of other
keys and function menus (see page
1-1-5).
!
Displays option menu (see page
1-4-1).
K
PRGM
Displays the variable data menu
(see page 1-5-1).
Displays program command
menu (see page 1-6-1).
J
SET UP
Returns to the Main Menu (see
page 1-2-1).
Shows the Setup screen (see
page 1-8-1).
m
Allows entry of alphanumeric
characters shown in red (see page
1-1-5).
-LOCK
A
Locks entry of alphanumeric
characters.
a
Press before entering value
to calculate square root (see
page 2-4-7).
r
'
Enters
character r.
Press after entering value to
calculate square (see page 2-4-7).
w
Linear Input Mode:
Press between entering values
for X & Y to show xth root of y.
Math Input Mode:
x ' θ
Press between two values to
make second value exponent of
first (see page 2-4-5).
Enters
character
.
θ
M
Enters x
(
) in natural
'
input format.
(See page 2-4-5.)
20071001
1-1-2
Keys
Combined with
a
Key
Primary Function
Combined with
!
QUIT
Back steps to the previous screen
without making any changes.
Returns directly to initial
screen of the mode.
J
Moves cursor upward. Scrolls
screen. Switches to previous
function in trace mode.
Scrolls one screen up in
the e ACT or RUN MAT
(Math input mode) mode.
•
•
f
c
d
e
Moves cursor downward. Scrolls
screen. Switches to next function in e ACT or RUN MAT
trace mode.
Scrolls one screen down in the
•
•
(Math input mode) mode.
Moves cursor to left. Scrolls
screen. Press after
to display
Makes contrast lighter.
w
calculation from end.
Moves cursor to right. Scrolls
screen. Press after to display
Makes contrast darker.
w
calculation from beginning.
Enters the operator ( ) for
Allows input of variable X, , and T. complex number polar format
∠
∠
A
Enters letter A.
Enters letter B.
Enters letter C.
Enters letter D.
Enters letter E.
θ
v
input.
Press before entering value to
calculate common logalithm (see
page 2-4-5).
Press before entering
exponent value of 10 (see
page 2-4-5).
x
10
B
l
Press before entering value to
calculate natural logarithm (see
page 2-4-5).
Press before entering
exponent value of e (see page
2-4-5).
ex
I
C
Press before entering value
to calculate inverse sine (see
page 2-4-4).
sin−1
D
Press before entering value to
calculate sine (see page 2-4-4).
s
Press before entering value to
calculate inverse cosine (see
page 2-4-4).
cos−1
E
Press before entering value to
calculate cosine (see page 2-4-4).
c
Press before entering value to
calculate inverse tangent (see Enters letter F.
page 2-4-4).
tan−1
F
Press before entering value to
calculate tangent (see page 2-4-4).
t
Linear input mode:
Press between entering fraction
values.
Math input mode:
Enters an improper fraction ( ) in
natural input format.
(See page 2-4-10.)
Inputs a mixed fraction (see
page 2-4-10).
(Enabled only for the Math
input mode.)
G
(
Enters letter G.
$
Converts between an improper
fraction and mixed fraction (see Enters letter H.
page 2-4-12).
H
Converts fraction to decimal (see
page 2-4-11).
F
Press before entering value to
calculate cube root (see page Enters letter I.
2-4-7).
3
I
'
Enters open parenthesis in formula
(see page 2-1-1).
(
Press after entering value to
calculate reciprocal (see page Enters letter J.
2-4-7).
x−1
)
J
Enters close parenthesis in formula
(see page 2-1-1).
20070201
1-1-3
Keys
Combined with
a
Key
Primary Function
Combined with
!
Transitions from an application
launched from an eActivity to
another application (see page Enters letter K.
10-3-13). (Enabled only in an
eActivity.)
K
Enters comma.
,
Toggles between an eActivity
and the screen of an
application launched from the Enters letter L.
eActivity (see page 10-3-12).
(Enabled only in an eActivity.)
L
Assigns value to an Alpha memory
name (see page 2-2-1).
a
Captures the current screen
to Capture memory (see page Enters letter M.
1-9-1).
CAPTURE
M
Enters number 7.
Enters number 8.
Enters number 9.
h
Changes the shape of the
CLIP
N
cursor to indicate that the
clipboard function is enabled
Enters letter N.
i
(see page 1-3-5).
Pastes the character string
that is on the clipboard (see
page 1-3-7).
PASTE
O
Enters letter O.
j
Linear input mode:
Insert mode:
Backspace function.
Overwrite mode:
Toggles between the insert
mode and overwrite mode (see
page 1-3-2).
INS
Deletes the character at the cursor Math input mode:
D
position.
With natural input, inserts a
(See page 1-3-1.)
function into an existing ex-
pression (see page 1-3-15).
OFF
Turns power on.
Clears the display.
Turns power off.
o
CATALOG
P
Displays the catalog function
list (see page 1-3-7).
Enters number 4.
Enters number 5.
Enters number 6.
Enters letter P.
Enters letter Q.
Enters letter R.
Enters letter S.
Enters letter T.
Enters letter U.
Enters letter V.
e
Q
f
R
g
{
S
Multiplication function (see page
2-1-1).
Enters open curly bracket.
*
}
T
Division function (see page 2-1-1). Enters close curly bracket.
/
List
U
Inputs List command (see
Enters number 1.
page 3-1-2).
b
Mat
V
Inputs Mat command (see
Enters number 2.
page 2-8-11).
c
20070201
1-1-4
Keys
Combined with
a
Key
Primary Function
Enters number 3.
Combined with
!
W
Enters letter W.
Enters letter X.
d
[
X
Addition function (see page 2-1-1).
Specifies positive value.
Enters open bracket.
Enters close bracket.
+
Subtraction function (see page
2-1-1).
Specifies negative value.
]
Y
Enters letter Y.
Enters letter Z.
-
i
Z
Inputs imaginary number
unit (see page 2-6-2).
Enters number 0.
a
=
SPACE
Enters a blank
space.
Enters decimal point.
Enters character =.
.
Inputs value of pi (see page
2-4-4).
Enters pi symbol.
π
”
Enables entry of exponent (see
page 2-1-1).
Enters double
quotation mark.
E
Ans
Enter before value to specify as
negative (see page 2-1-1).
Recalls most recent calculation
result (see page 2-2-5).
-
_
w
Displays result of calculation.
Inputs a new line.
Displays category selection screen.
\
(Models with
key only)
\
LIGHT
Turns backlight on/off.
(Models with key only)
]
]
20070201
1-1-5
Keys
k Key Markings
Many of the calculator’s keys are used to perform more than one function. The functions
marked on the keyboard are color coded to help you find the one you need quickly and
easily.
Function
Key Operation
log
1
2
3
l
x
10
!l
al
B
The following describes the color coding used for key markings.
Color
Orange
Red
Key Operation
Press ! and then the key to perform the marked function.
Press a and then the key to perform the marked function.
#
Alpha Lock
If you press ! and then a, the keyboard
locks in alpha input until you press a again.
Normally, once you press a and then a key
to input an alphabetic character, the keyboard
reverts to its primary functions immediately.
20070201
1-2-1
Display
1-2 Display
k Selecting Icons
This section describes how to select an icon in the Main Menu to enter the mode you want.
u To select an icon
1. Press m to display the Main Menu.
2. Use the cursor keys (d, e, f, c) to move the highlighting to the icon you want.
Currently selected icon
3. Press w to display the initial screen of the mode whose icon you selected.
Here we will enter the STAT mode.
• You can also enter a mode without highlighting an icon in the Main Menu by inputting the
number or letter marked in the lower right corner of the icon.
The following explains the meaning of each icon.
Icon
Mode Name
Description
RUN • MAT
(Run • Matrix)
Use this mode for arithmetic calculations and function
calculations, and for calculations involving binary, octal,
decimal, and hexadecimal values and matrices.
STAT
(Statistics)
Use this mode to perform single-variable (standard deviation)
and paired-variable (regression) statistical calculations, to
perform tests, to analyze data and to draw statistical graphs.
e • ACT
(eActivity)
eActivity lets you input text, math expressions, and other data
in a notebook-like interface. Use this mode when you want to
store text or formulas, or built-in application data in a file.
20070201
1-2-2
Display
Icon
Mode Name
S • SHT
Description
Use this mode to perform spreadsheet calculations. Each
file contains a 26-column × 999-line spreadsheet. In addition
to the calculator’s built-in commands and S • SHT mode
commands, you can also perform statistical calculations and
graph statistical data using the same procedures that you use
in the STAT mode.
(Spreadsheet)
GRAPH
Use this mode to store graph functions and to draw graphs
using the functions.
DYNA
(Dynamic Graph)
Use this mode to store graph functions and to draw multiple
versions of a graph by changing the values assigned to the
variables in a function.
TABLE
Use this mode to store functions, to generate a numeric table
of different solutions as the values assigned to variables in a
function change, and to draw graphs.
RECUR
(Recursion)
Use this mode to store recursion formulas, to generate a
numeric table of different solutions as the values assigned to
variables in a function change, and to draw graphs.
CONICS
Use this mode to draw graphs of conic sections.
EQUA
(Equation)
Use this mode to solve linear equations with two through six
unknowns, quadratic equations, and cubic equations.
PRGM
(Program)
Use this mode to store programs in the program area and to
run programs.
TVM
(Financial)
Use this mode to perform financial calculations and to draw
cash flow and other types of graphs.
LINK
Use this mode to transfer memory contents or back-up data
to another unit or PC.
MEMORY
Use this mode to manage data stored in memory.
SYSTEM
Use this mode to initialize memory, adjust contrast, and to
make other system settings.
20070201
1-2-3
Display
k About the Function Menu
Use the function keys (1 to 6) to access the menus and commands in the menu bar
along the bottom of the display screen.You can tell whether a menu bar item is a menu or a
command by its appearance.
• Next Menu
Example:
Selecting
displays a menu of hyperbolic functions.
• Command Input
Example:
Selecting
inputs the sinh command.
• Direct Command Execution
Example:
Selecting
executes the DRAW command.
k About Display Screens
This calculator uses two types of display screens: a text screen and a graph screen. The
text screen can show 21 columns and 8 lines of characters, with the bottom line used for the
function key menu. The graph screen uses an area that measures 127 (W) × 63 (H) dots.
Text Screen
Graph Screen
The contents of each type of screen are stored in independent memory areas.
Press !6(G↔ T) to switch between the graph screen and text screen.
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1-2-4
Display
k Normal Display
The calculator normally displays values up to 10 digits long. Values that exceed this limit are
automatically converted to and displayed in exponential format.
u How to interpret exponential format
1.2E+12 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 × 1012. This means that you should move
the decimal point in 1.2 twelve places to the right, because the exponent is positive. This
results in the value 1,200,000,000,000.
1.2E–03 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 × 10–3. This means that you should move
the decimal point in 1.2 three places to the left, because the exponent is negative. This
results in the value 0.0012.
You can specify one of two different ranges for automatic changeover to normal display.
Norm 1 ................... 10–2 (0.01) > |x |, |x | > 1010
Norm 2 ................... 10–9 (0.000000001) > |x |, |x | > 1010
All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using Norm 1.
See page 2-3-2 for details on switching between Norm 1 and Norm 2.
20070201
1-2-5
Display
k Special Display Formats
This calculator uses special display formats to indicate fractions, hexadecimal values, and
degrees/minutes/seconds values.
u Fractions
12
................... Indicates: 456
23
u Hexadecimal Values
................... Indicates: 0ABCDEF1(16), which equals
180150001(10)
u Degrees/Minutes/Seconds
................... Indicates: 12° 34’ 56.78”
• In addition to the above, this calculator also uses other indicators or symbols, which are
described in each applicable section of this manual as they come up.
k Calculation Execution Indicator
Whenever the calculator is busy drawing a graph or executing a long, complex calculation or
program, a black box “k” flashes in the upper right corner of the display. This black box tells
you that the calculator is performing an internal operation.
20070201
1-3-1
Inputting and Editing Calculations
1-3 Inputting and Editing Calculations
Note
• Unless specifically noted otherwise, all of the operations in this section are explained using the
Linear input mode.
k Inputting Calculations
When you are ready to input a calculation, first press A to clear the display. Next, input your
calculation formulas exactly as they are written, from left to right, and press w to obtain the
result.
Example 1 2 + 3 – 4 + 10 =
Ac+d-e+baw
Example 2 2(5 + 4) ÷ (23 × 5) =
Ac(f+e)/
(cd*f)w
k Editing Calculations
Use the d and e keys to move the cursor to the position you want to change, and then
perform one of the operations described below. After you edit the calculation, you can
execute it by pressing w. Or you can use e to move to the end of the calculation and
input more.
u To change a step
Example
To change cos60 to sin60
Acga
ddd
D
s
20070201
1-3-2
Inputting and Editing Calculations
In the Linear input mode, pressing !D(INS) changes the cursor to ‘‘ ’’.
The next function or value you input is overwritten at the location of ‘‘ ’’.
Acga
ddd!D(INS)
s
To abort this operation, press !D(INS) again.
u To delete a step
Example
To change 369 × × 2 to 369 × 2
Adgj**c
dD
In the insert mode, the D key operates as a backspace key.
# The cursor is a vertical flashing line ( ) when
the insert mode is selected. The cursor is a
horizontal flashing line ( ) when the overwrite
mode is selected.
# The initial default for Linear input mode is the
insert mode.You can switch to the overwrite
mode by pressing 1Y(INS).
20070201
1-3-3
Inputting and Editing Calculations
u To insert a step
Example
To change 2.362 to sin2.362
Ac.dgx
ddddd
s
u To change the last step you input
Example
To change 369 × 3 to 369 × 2
Adgj*d
D
c
20070201
1-3-4
Inputting and Editing Calculations
k Using Replay Memory
The last calculation performed is always stored into replay memory.You can recall the
contents of the replay memory by pressing d or e.
If you press e, the calculation appears with the cursor at the beginning. Pressing d
causes the calculation to appear with the cursor at the end.You can make changes in the
calculation as you wish and then execute it again.
Example 1 To perform the following two calculations
4.12 × 6.4 = 26.368
4.12 × 7.1 = 29.252
Ae.bc*g.ew
dddd
!D(INS)
h.b
w
After you press A, you can press f or c to recall previous calculations, in sequence
from the newest to the oldest (Multi-Replay Function). Once you recall a calculation, you can
use e and d to move the cursor around the calculation and make changes in it to create
a new calculation.
Example 2
Abcd+efgw
cde-fghw
A
f (One calculation back)
f (Two calculations back)
# A calculation remains stored in replay
memory until you perform another calculation.
# Replay memory is enabled in the Linear input
mode only. In the Math input mode, the history
function is used in place of the replay memory.
For details, see “History Function” (page 2-2-6).
# The contents of replay memory are not
cleared when you press the A key, so you
can recall a calculation and execute it even
after pressing the A key.
20070201
1-3-5
Inputting and Editing Calculations
k Making Corrections in the Original Calculation
Example
14 ÷ 0 × 2.3 entered by mistake for 14 ÷ 10 × 2.3
Abe/a*c.d
w
Press J.
Cursor is positioned automatically at the
location of the cause of the error.
Make necessary changes.
db
Execute again.
w
k Using the Clipboard for Copy and Paste
You can copy (or cut) a function, command, or other input to the clipboard, and then paste
the clipboard contents at another location.
u To specify the copy range
Linear input mode
1. Move the cursor ( ) to the beginning or end of the range of text you want to copy and
then press !i(CLIP).This changes the cursor to “ ”.
2. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor and highlight the range of text you want to copy.
# The copy range of text you can specify
depends on the current “Input Mode” setting.
Linear input mode: 1 character
1 line
Multiple lines
Math input mode: 1 line only
20070201
1-3-6
Inputting and Editing Calculations
3. Press 1(COPY) to copy the highlighted text to the clipboard, and exit the copy range
specification mode.
The selected characters are not changed when you
copy them.
To cancel text highlighting without performing a copy operation, press J.
Math input mode
1. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor to the line you want to copy.
2. Press !i(CLIP) . The cursor will change to “ ”.
3. Press 1(CPY • L) to copy the highlighted text to the clipboard.
u To cut the text
1. Move the cursor ( ) to the beginning or end of the range of text you want to cut and
then press !i(CLIP). This changes the cursor to “ ”.
2. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor and highlight the range of text you want to cut.
3. Press 2(CUT) to cut the highlighted text to the clipboard.
Cutting causes the original characters
to be deleted.
The CUT operation is supported for the Linear input mode only. It is not supported for the Math
input mode.
20070201
1-3-7
Inputting and Editing Calculations
u Pasting Text
Move the cursor to the location where you want to paste the text, and then press
!j(PASTE). The contents of the clipboard are pasted at the cursor position.
A
!j(PASTE)
k Catalog Function
The catalog function provides you with an alphabetized menu of commands that you can use
for input.You also can input a command’s example.
You can use either of the following two methods to input a command.
To do this:
Perform this key operation:
Display an alphabetized menu of all commands and select
the command you want
!e(CATALOG)
Display commands by category, select a category, and
then select the command
\
(Models with \ key only.)
u To input a command with !e(CATALOG)
1. Press !e(CATALOG).
• This will display a list of commands in alphabetical order.
2. Press the letter key (v(A) to a(Z)) that corresponds to the first letter of the
command you want.
• This will display the first command that begins with the letter whose key you pressed.
20070201
1-3-8
Inputting and Editing Calculations
3. Use f and c to select the command you want to input.
This is the explanation text for
the currently selected command.
1(INPUT)... {inputs the selected command}
2(e.g.)... {inputs the example of the selected command}
•
Example input can be performed in the RUN MAT mode (for the arithmetic
calculation mode only, not the Matrix Editor mode) and the PRGM mode
only.
Example
5(HELP)... {displays the selected command’s onboard function manual screen}
6(CTGY)... {displays the category selection screen}
See “To input a command with \”, below.
• Pressing J will return to command list screen.
u To input a command with \
1. Press \.
• This will display the category selection screen.
1(EXE)... {displays a list of commands in the currently selected category}
6(EXIT)... {exits the category selection screen}
20070201
1-3-9
Inputting and Editing Calculations
• The following are the categories that appear on the category selection screen.
1:All ..................................All commands
2:Calculation .....................Calculation commands, including matrix operation and
ENG symbols
3:Statistics.........................Statistical calculation commands, variables, and statistical
graph regression parameters
4:Graph .............................Graphing commands, sketch commands, V-Window
variables
5:Program Command........Program Commands
6:Change Setup ................Setup change commands
7:Recursion.......................Recursion commands, variables
8:Dynamic Graph ..............Dynamic Graph commands, variables
9:Table...............................Table commands, variables
10:Equation.......................Equation commands, calculation results
11:Financial (TVM)............Financial calculation variables
2. Select the category you want and then press
1(EXE).
• This will display a list of commands in the
currently selected category.
3. From this point, perform the same steps as those under “To input a command with
!e(CATALOG)”.
u Onboard Function Manual
The following shows the configuration of the onboard function manual screen.
Command name
Explanation text
Use f and c to scroll.
Syntax
Example
Function key sequence
20070201
1-3-10
Inputting and Editing Calculations
k Input Operations in the Math Input Mode
Selecting “Math” for the “Input Mode” setting on the Setup screen (page 1-8-1) turns on the
Math input mode, which allows natural input and display of certain functions, just as they
appear in your textbook.
Note
• The initial default “Input Mode” setting is “Linear” (Linear input mode). Before trying to
perform any of the operations explained in this section, be sure to change the “Input Mode”
setting to “Math”.
• In the Math input mode, all input is insert mode (not overwrite mode) input. Note that the
!D(INS) operation (page 1-3-2) you use in the Linear input mode to switch to insert
mode input performs a completely different function in the Math input mode. For more
information, see “Inserting a Function into an Existing Expression” (page 1-3-15).
• Unless specifically stated otherwise, all operations in this section are performed in the
•
RUN MAT mode.
20070201
1-3-11
Inputting and Editing Calculations
u Math Input Mode Functions and Symbols
The functions and symbols listed below can be used for natural input in the Math input
mode. The “Bytes” column shows the number of bytes of memory that are used up by input
in the Math input mode.
Function/Symbol
Fraction (Improper)
Key Operation
Bytes
9
14
4
$
Mixed Fraction*1
!$(&)
Power
M
Square
4
x
!)(x –1
)
Negative Power (Reciprocal)
5
6
'
!x(')
!((3')
Cube Root
Power Root
9
x
9
!M( ')
x
x
e
6
!I(e )
x
x
10
6
!l(10 )
log(a,b)
(Input from MATH menu*2)
(Input from MATH menu*2)
(Input from MATH menu*2)
(Input from MATH menu*2)
(Input from MATH menu*2)
(Input from MATH menu*2)
(Input from MATH menu*2)
( and )
7
Abs (Absolute Value)
Linear Differential*3
Quadratic Differential*3
Integral*3
6
7
7
8
Σ Calculation*4
11
14*5
1
Matrix
Parentheses
Braces (Used during list input.)
Brackets (Used during matrix input.)
1
!*( { ) and !/( } )
!+( [ ) and !-( ] )
1
*1 Mixed fraction is supported in the Math input
mode only.
*2 For information about function input from the
MATH function menu, see “Using the MATH
Menu” on page 1-3-12.
*3 Tolerance cannot be specified in the Math input
mode. If you want to specify tolerance, use the
Linear input mode.
*4 For Σ calculation in the Math input mode,
the pitch is always 1. If you want to specify a
different pitch, use the Linear input mode.
*5 This is the number of bytes for a 2 × 2 matrix.
20070201
1-3-12
Inputting and Editing Calculations
u Using the MATH Menu
•
In the RUN MAT mode, pressing 4(MATH) displays the MATH menu.
You can use this menu for natural input of matrices, differentials, integrals, etc.
• {MAT} ... {displays the MAT submenu, for natural input of matrices}
• {2× 2} ... {inputs a 2 × 2 matrix}
• {3× 3} ... {inputs a 3 × 3 matrix}
• {m × n } ... {inputs a matrix with m lines and n columns (up to 6 × 6)}
• {log b} ... {starts natural input of logarithm log b}
a
a
• {Abs} ... {starts natural input of absolute value |X|}
d
f
(x)x
• {d /dx} ... {starts natural input of linear differential
=
a
}
dx
2
d
• {d 2/dx2} ... {starts natural input of quadratic differential
}
f
(x)x
=
a
2
dx
abf(
x)dx
β
• {∫ dx} … {starts natural input of integral
}
• {Σ (} … {starts natural input of Σ calculation
}
)
f
(x
Σ
x=α
α
u Math Input Mode Input Examples
This section provides a number of different examples showing how the MATH function
menu and other keys can be used during Math input mode natural input. Be sure to pay
attention to the input cursor position as you input values and data.
Example 1 To input 23 + 1
AcM
d
e
+b
w
20070201
1-3-13
Inputting and Editing Calculations
2
2
5
Example 2 To input
1+
(
)
A(b+
$
cc
f
e
)x
w
J
1
Example 3 To input 1+
x
+ 1dx
0
Ab+4(MATH)6(g)1( dx)
∫
a+(X)+b
ea
fb
e
w
J
20070201
1-3-14
Inputting and Editing Calculations
1
2
2
1
Example 4 To input
2 ×
2
2
Ac*4(MATH)1(MAT)1(2×2)
$bcc
ee
!x(')ce
e!x(')cee$bcc
w
u When the calculation does not fit within the display window
Arrows appear at the left, right, top, or bottom edge of the display to let you know when
there is more of the calculation off the screen in the corresponding direction.
When you see an arrow, you can use the cursor keys to scroll the screen contents and
view the part you want.
20070201
1-3-15
Inputting and Editing Calculations
u Inserting a Function into an Existing Expression
In the Math input mode, you can make insert a natural input function into an existing
expression. Doing so will cause the value or parenthetical expression to the right of the
cursor to become the argument of the inserted function. Use !D(INS) to insert a
function into an existing expression.
u To insert a function into an existing expression
Example
To insert the ' function into the expression 1 + (2 + 3) + 4 so the
parenthetical expression becomes the argument of the function
1. Move the cursor so it is located directly to the left of the part of the expression that
you want to become the argument of the function you will insert.
2. Press !D(INS).
• This changes the cursor to an insert cursor (').
3. Press !x(') to insert the ' function.
• This inserts the ' function and makes the parenthetical expression its argument.
u Function Insert Rules
The following are the basic rules that govern how a value or expressions becomes the
argument of an inserted function.
• If the insert cursor is located immediately to the left of an open parenthesis, everything
from the open parenthesis to the following closing parenthesis will be the argument of the
inserted function.
• If the input cursor is located immediately to the left of a value or fraction, that value or
fraction will be the argument of the inserted function.
# In the Linear input mode, pressing
!D(INS) will change to the insert mode.
See page 1-3-2 for more information.
20070201
1-3-16
Inputting and Editing Calculations
u Functions that Support Insertion
The following lists the functions that can be inserted using the procedure under “To insert a
function into an existing expression” (page 1-3-15). It also provides information about how
insertion affects the existing calculation.
Original
Expression
Expression After
Insertion
Function
Key Operation
Improper Fraction
Power
$
M
'
!x(')
!((3')
!M(x ')
!I(e x )
!l(10x )
Cube Root
Power Root
e x
10x
log(a,b)
4(MATH)2(log b)
a
Absolute Value
Linear Differential
4(MATH)3(Abs)
4(MATH)4(d /dx)
Quadratic Differential 4(MATH)5(d 2/dx2)
4(MATH)6(g)
1(∫ dx)
Integral
4(MATH)6(g)
2(Σ ( )
Σ Calculation
u Editing Calculations in the Math Input Mode
The procedures for editing calculations in the Math input mode are basically the same as
those for the Linear input mode. For more information, see “Editing Calculations” (page
1-3-1).
Note however, that the following points are different between the Math input mode and the
Linear input mode.
• Overwrite mode input that is available in the Linear input mode is not supported by the
Math input mode. In the Math input mode, input is always inserted at the current cursor
location.
• In the Math input mode, pressing the D key always performs a backspace operation.
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Inputting and Editing Calculations
• Note the following cursor operations you can use while inputting a calculation with natural
display format.
To do this:
Press this key:
Move the cursor from the end of the calculation to the beginning
Move the cursor from the beginning of the calculation to the end
e
d
u Math Input Mode Calculation Result Display
Fractions, matrices, and lists produced by Math input mode calculations are displayed in
natural format, just as they appear in your textbook.
Sample Calculation Result Displays
# Fractions are displayed either as improper
fractions or mixed fractions, depending on the
“Frac Result” setting on the Setup screen. For
details, see “1-8 Using the Setup Screen”.
# Matrices are displayed in natural format, up
to 6 × 6. A matrix that has more than six rows
or columns will be displayed on a MatAns
screen, which is the same screen used in the
Linear input mode.
You can use the cursor keys to scroll the screen
and view the data you want.
•
# Pressing 2(DEL)1(DEL L) while a
calculation result is selected will delete both the
result and the calculation that produced it.
# Lists are displayed in natural format for up
to 20 elements. A list that has more than
20 elements will be displayed on a ListAns
screen, which is the same screen used in the
Linear input mode.
# The multiplication sign cannot be omitted
immediately before an improper fraction or
mixed fraction. Be sure to always input a
multiplication sign in this case.
2
5
# Arrows appear at the left, right, top, or bottom
edge of the display to let you know when
there is more data off the screen in the
corresponding direction.
Example:
2 ×
c*$ccf
# A M, x, or !)(x –1) key operation cannot
be followed immediately by another M, x,
or !)(x –1) key operation. In this case,
use parentheses to keep the key operations
separate.
Example: (32)–1
(dx)!)(x –1)
20070201
1-3-18
Inputting and Editing Calculations
u Math Input Mode Input Restrictions
Note the following restrictions that apply during input of the Math input mode.
• Certain types of expressions can cause the vertical width of a calculation formula to
be greater than one display line. The maximum allowable vertical width of a calculation
formula is about two display screens (120 dots).You cannot input any expression that
exceeds this limitation.
20070201
1-4-1
Option (OPTN) Menu
1-4 Option (OPTN) Menu
The option menu gives you access to scientific functions and features that are not marked on
the calculator’s keyboard. The contents of the option menu differ according to the mode you
are in when you press the K key.
See “8-7 PRGM Mode Command List” for details on the option (OPTN) menu.
•
u Option menu in the RUN MAT or PRGM mode
• {LIST} ... {list function menu}
• {MAT} ... {matrix operation menu}
• {CPLX} ... {complex number calculation menu}
• {CALC} ... {functional analysis menu}
• {STAT} ... {paired-variable statistical estimated value menu}
• {HYP} ... {hyperbolic calculation menu}
• {PROB} ... {probability/distribution calculation menu}
• {NUM} ... {numeric calculation menu}
• {ANGL} ... {menu for angle/coordinate conversion, DMS input/conversion}
• {ESYM} ... {engineering symbol menu}
• {PICT} ... {picture memory menu}*1
• {FMEM} ... {function memory menu}*1
• {LOGIC} ... {logic operator menu}
• {CAPT} ... {screen capture menu}*1
# The option (OPTN) menu does not
appear during binary, octal, decimal, and
hexadecimal calculations.
*1 The PICT, FMEM and CAPT items are not
displayed when “Math” is selected as the Input
Mode.
20070201
1-4-2
Option (OPTN) Menu
u Option menu during numeric data input in the STAT,TABLE, RECUR, EQUA
•
and S SHT modes
• {LIST}/{CPLX}/{CALC}/{HYP}/{PROB}/{NUM}/{ANGL}/{ESYM}/{FMEM}/{LOGIC}
u Option menu during formula input in the GRAPH, DYNA,TABLE, RECUR
and EQUA modes
• {List}/{CALC}/{HYP}/{PROB}/{NUM}/{FMEM}/{LOGIC}
The following shows the function menus that appear under other conditions.
u Option menu when a number table value is displayed in the TABLE or
RECUR mode
• {LMEM} … {list memory menu}
• {
}/{ENG}/{ENG}
° ’ ”
The meanings of the option menu items are described in the sections that cover each mode.
20070201
1-5-1
Variable Data (VARS) Menu
1-5 Variable Data (VARS) Menu
To recall variable data, press J to display the variable data menu.
{V-WIN}/{FACT}/{STAT}/{GRPH}/{DYNA}/
{TABL}/{RECR}/{EQUA*1}/{TVM*1}
See “8-7 PRGM Mode Command List” for details on the variable data (VARS) menu.
u V-WIN — Recalling V-Window values
• {X}/{Y}/{T, Ƨ }
... {x -axis menu}/{y -axis menu}/{T, Ƨ menu}
• {R-X}/{R-Y}/{R-T, Ƨ }
... {x -axis menu}/{y -axis menu}/{T, Ƨ menu} for right side of Dual Graph
• {min}/{max}/{scal}/{dot}/{ptch}
... {minimum value}/{maximum value}/{scale}/{dot value*2}/{pitch}
u FACT — Recalling zoom factors
• {Xfact}/{Yfact}
... {x -axis factor}/{y -axis factor}
*1The EQUA and TVM items appear only when
you access the variable data menu from the
*2The dot value indicates the display range (Xmax
value – Xmin value) divided by the screen dot
pitch (126).
•
•
RUN MAT, PRGM or e ACT mode.
The dot value is normally calculated
# The variable data menu does not appear if
you press J while binary, octal, decimal,
or hexadecimal is set as the default number
system.
automatically from the minimum and maximum
values. Changing the dot value causes the
maximum to be calculated automatically.
20070201
1-5-2
Variable Data (VARS) Menu
u STAT — Recalling statistical data
• {X} … {single-variable, paired-variable x -data}
• {n }/{x¯ }/{Σ x }/{Σ x 2}/{x Ʊn}/{x Ʊn–1}/{minX}/{maxX}
…{number of data}/{mean}/{sum}/{sum of squares}/{population standard
deviation}/{sample standard deviation}/{minimum value}/{maximum value}
• {Y} ... {paired-variable y -data}
• {Κ}/{Σ y }/{Σ y 2}/{Σ xy}/{y Ʊn}/{y Ʊn–1}/{minY}/{maxY}
…{mean}/{sum}/{sum of squares}/{sum of products of x -data and y -data}/
{population standard deviation}/{sample standard deviation}/{minimum value}/
{maximum value}
• {GRPH} ... {graph data menu}
• {a }/{b }/{c }/{d }/{e }
... {regression coefficient and polynomial coefficients}
• {r }/{r 2} ... {correlation coefficient}/{coefficient of determination}
• {MSe} ... {mean square error}
• {Q1}/{Q3}
... {first quartile}/{third quartile}
• {Med}/{Mod}
... {median}/{mode} of input data
• {Strt}/{Pitch}
... histogram {start division}/{pitch}
• {PTS} ... {summary point data menu}
• {x 1}/{y 1}/{x 2}/{y 2}/{x 3}/{y 3} ... {coordinates of summary points}
20070201
1-5-3
Variable Data (VARS) Menu
u GRPH — Recalling Graph Functions
• {Y}/{r } ... {rectangular coordinate or inequality function}/{polar coordinate function}
• {Xt}/{Yt}
... parametric graph function {Xt}/{Yt}
• {X} ... {X=constant graph function}
(Press these keys before inputting a value to specify a storage memory.)
u DYNA — Recalling Dynamic Graph Set Up Data
• {Strt}/{End}/{Pitch}
... {coefficient range start value}/{coefficient range end value}/{coefficient value
increment}
u TABL — Recalling Table Set Up and Content Data
• {Strt}/{End}/{Pitch}
... {table range start value}/{table range end value}/{table value increment}
• {Reslt*1}
... {matrix of table contents}
*1 The Reslt item appears only when the TABL
•
menu is displayed in the RUN MAT, PRGM
•
or e ACT mode.
20070201
1-5-4
Variable Data (VARS) Menu
u RECR — Recalling Recursion Formula*1,Table Range, and Table Content Data
• {FORM} ... {recursion formula data menu}
• {a n }/{a n +1}/{a n +2}/{b n }/{b n +1}/{b n +2}/{c n }/{c n +1}/{c n +2}
... {a n }/{a n +1}/{a n +2}/{b n }/{b n +1}/{b n +2}/{c n }/{c n +1}/{c n +2} expressions
• {RANG} ... {table range data menu}
• {Strt}/{End}
... table range {start value}/{end value}
• {a 0}/{a 1}/{a 2}/{b 0}/{b 1}/{b 2}/{c 0}/{c 1}/{c 2
... {a 0}/{a 1}/{a 2}/{b 0}/{b 1}/{b 2}/{c 0}/{c 1}/{c 2} value
• {a n St}/{b n St}/{c n St}
}
... origin of {a n }/{b n }/{c n } recursion formula convergence/divergence graph (WEB
graph)
• {Reslt*2} ... {matrix of table contents*3}
u EQUA — Recalling Equation Coefficients and Solutions*4 *5
• {S-Rlt}/{S-Cof}
... matrix of {solutions}/{coefficients} for linear equations with two through six
unknowns*6
• {P-Rlt}/{P-Cof}
... matrix of {solution}/{coefficients} for a quadratic or cubic equation
u TVM — Recalling Financial Calculation Data
• {n }/{I %}/{PV}/{PMT}/{FV}
... {payment periods (installments)}/{interest (%)}/{principal}/{payment amount}/
{account balance or principal plus interest following the final installment}
• {P /Y }/{C /Y }
... {number of installment periods per year}/{number of compounding periods
per year}
*1 An error occurs when there is no function or
recursion formula numeric table in memory.
*5 The following conditions cause an error.
- When there are no coefficients input for the
equation
- When there are no solutions obtained for the
equation
*6 Coefficient and solution memory data for a
linear equation cannot be recalled at the same
time.
2
•
* “Reslt” is available only in the RUN MAT,
•
PRGM and e ACT modes.
*3 Table contents are stored automatically in
Matrix Answer Memory (MatAns).
*4 Coefficients and solutions are stored
automatically in Matrix Answer Memory
(MatAns).
20070201
1-6-1
Program (PRGM) Menu
1-6 Program (PRGM) Menu
•
To display the program (PRGM) menu, first enter the RUN MAT or PRGM mode from the
Main Menu and then press !J(PRGM). The following are the selections available in the
program (PRGM) menu.
• {COM} ...... {program command menu}
• {CTL} ....... {program control command menu}
• {JUMP}..... {jump command menu}
• {?} ............ {input prompt}
• {^} .......... {output command}
• {CLR} ....... {clear command menu}
• {DISP} ...... {display command menu}
• {REL} ....... {conditional jump relational operator menu}
• {I/O} ......... {I/O control/transfer command menu}
• {:} ............. {multistatement connector}
•
The following function key menu appears if you press !J(PRGM) in the RUN MAT
mode or the PRGM mode while binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal is set as the default
number system.
• {Prog}....... {program recall}
• {JUMP}/{?}/{^}/{REL}/{:}
The functions assigned to the function keys are the same as those in the Comp mode.
For details on the commands that are available in the various menus you can access from
the program menu, see “8. Programming”.
20070201
1-7-1
Syntax Help
1-7 Syntax Help
When you input a command, syntax help displays its syntax.
u To display syntax help
1. Input a command.
• This will cause syntax information to appear.
Syntax help
2. Syntax help will disappear when you press the next key.
u To redisplay syntax help
After you input a command and press another key (which causes syntax help to disappear),
you can redisplay syntax help by moving the cursor so it is located immediately to the right of
the command.
⇒
Cursor located to the right of the command.
# To avoid hiding the input cursor, syntax help
information appears either at the top or at the
bottom of the screen.
# Syntax help will appear only if “On” is selected
for the “Syntax Help” setting on the Setup
screen.
•
# Syntax help appears in the RUN MAT mode
(for the arithmetic calculation mode only, not the
Matrix Editor mode), the PRGM mode, and the
STAT mode.
# Syntax help also will appear when you input
variable data, and explain the variable data
When the cursor is at the
bottom of the screen.
# Redisplay of syntax help is possible in the
•
RUN MAT mode only (arithmetic calculation
mode only, excluding the Matrix Editor).
20070201
1-8-1
Using the Setup Screen
1-8 Using the Setup Screen
The mode’s Setup screen shows the current status of mode settings and lets you make any
changes you want. The following procedure shows how to change a setup.
u To change a mode setup
1. Select the icon you want and press w to enter a mode and display its initial screen.
•
Here we will enter the RUN MAT mode.
2. Press !m(SET UP) to display the mode’s
Setup screen.
• This Setup screen is just one possible example.
Actual Setup screen contents will differ according
to the mode you are in and that mode’s current
settings.
3. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the item whose setting you
want to change.
4. Press the function key (1 to 6) that is marked with the setting you want to make.
5. After you are finished making any changes you want, press J to exit the Setup
screen.
k Setup Screen Function Key Menus
This section details the settings you can make using the function keys in the Setup screen.
indicates default setting.
u Input Mode
• {Math}/{Line} ... {Math}/{Linear} input mode
u Mode (calculation/binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal mode)
• {Comp} ... {arithmetic calculation mode}
• {Dec}/{Hex}/{Bin}/{Oct}
... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal}
20070201
1-8-2
Using the Setup Screen
u Frac Result (fraction result display format)
• {d/c}/{ab/c} ... {improper}/{mixed} fraction
u Func Type (graph function type)
Pressing one of the following function keys also switches the function of the v key.
• {Y=}/{r=}/{Parm}/{X=c}
... {rectangular coordinate}/{polar coordinate}/{parametric coordinate}/
{X = constant} graph
• {Y>}/{Y<}/{Yt}/{Ys}
... {y >f (x )}/{y <f (x )}/{y ≥ f (x )}/{y ≤ f (x )} inequality graph
u Draw Type (graph drawing method)
• {Con}/{Plot}
... {connected points}/{unconnected points}
u Derivative (derivative value display)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off} while Graph-to-Table, Table & Graph, and Trace are
being used
u Angle (default angle unit)
• {Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra}
... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads}
u Complex Mode
• {Real} ... {calculation in real number range only}
• {a + bi}/{r ∠ Ƨ}
... {rectangular format}/{polar format} display of a complex calculation
u Coord (graph pointer coordinate display)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
u Grid (graph gridline display)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
u Axes (graph axis display)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
20070201
1-8-3
Using the Setup Screen
u Label (graph axis label display)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
u Syntax Help (syntax help display setting)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
u Display (display format)
• {Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng}
... {fixed number of decimal places specification}/{number of significant digits
specification}/{normal display setting}/{engineering mode}
u Stat Wind (statistical graph V-Window setting method)
• {Auto}/{Man}
... {automatic}/{manual}
u Resid List (residual calculation)
• {None}/{LIST}
... {no calculation}/{list specification for the calculated residual data}
u List File (list file display settings)
• {FILE} ... {settings of list file on the display}
u Sub Name (list naming)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
u Graph Func (function display during graph drawing and trace)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
u Dual Screen (dual screen mode status)
• {G+G}/{GtoT}/{Off}
... {graphing on both sides of dual screen}/{graph on one side and numeric table
on the other side of dual screen}/{dual screen off}
u Simul Graph (simultaneous graphing mode)
• {On}/{Off}
... {simultaneous graphing on (all graphs drawn simultaneously)}/{simultaneous
graphing off (graphs drawn in area numeric sequence)}
20070201
1-8-4
Using the Setup Screen
u Background (graph display background)
• {None}/{PICT}
... {no background}/{graph background picture specification}
u Sketch Line (overlaid line type)
• { }/{
}/{
}/{
}
... {normal}/{thick}/{broken}/{dot}
u Dynamic Type (dynamic graph type)
• {Cnt}/{Stop}
... {non-stop (continuous)}/{automatic stop after 10 draws}
u Locus (dynamic graph locus mode)
• {On}/{Off}
... {locus drawn}/{locus not drawn}
u Y=Draw Speed (dynamic graph draw speed)
• {Norm}/{High}
... {normal}/{high-speed}
u Variable (table generation and graph draw settings)
• {RANG}/{LIST}
... {use table range}/{use list data}
u Σ Display (Σ value display in recursion table)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
u Slope (display of derivative at current pointer location in conic section
graph)
• {On}/{Off}
... {display on}/{display off}
u Payment (payment period setting)
• {BGN}/{END}
... {beginning}/{end} setting of payment period
20070201
1-8-5
Using the Setup Screen
u Date Mode (number of days per year setting)
• {365}/{360}
... interest calculations using {365}*1/{360} days per year
u Auto Calc (spreadsheet auto calc)
• {On}/{Off}
... {execute}/{not execute} the formulas automatically
u Show Cell (spreadsheet cell display mode)
• {Form}/{Val} ... {formula}*2/{value}
u Move (spreadsheet cell cursor direction)*3
• {Low}/{Right} ... {move down}/{move right}
*1 The 365-day year must be used for date
calculations in the TVM mode.
Otherwise, an error occurs.
*2 Selecting “Form” (formula) causes a formula
in the cell to be displayed as a formula. The
“Form” does not affect any non-formula data
in the cell.
*3 Specifies the direction the cell cursor moves
when you press the w key to register cell
input, when the Sequence command generates
a number table, and when you recall data from
List memory.
20070201
1-9-1
Using Screen Capture
1-9 Using Screen Capture
Any time while operating the calculator, you can capture an image of the current screen and
save it in capture memory.
u To capture a screen image
1. Operate the calculator and display the screen you want to capture.
2. Press !h(CAPTURE).
• This displays a memory area selection dialog box.
3. Input a value from 1 to 20 and then press w.
• This will capture the screen image and save it in capture memory area named
“Capt n ” (n = the value you input).
• You cannot capture the screen image of a message indicating that an operation or data
communication is in progress.
• A memory error will occur if there is not enough room in main memory to store the screen
capture.
u To recall a screen image from capture memory
•
1. In the RUN MAT mode (Linear input mode), press K6(g)6(g)5(CAPT)
1(RCL).
2. Enter a capture memory number in the range of 1 to 20, and then press w.
• You can also use the RclCapt command in a program to recall a screen image from capture
memory.
20070201
1-10-1
When you keep having problems…
1-10 When you keep having problems…
If you keep having problems when you are trying to perform operations, try the following
before assuming that there is something wrong with the calculator.
k Getting the Calculator Back to its Original Mode Settings
1. From the Main Menu, enter the SYSTEM mode.
2. Press 5(RSET).
3. Press 1(STUP), and then press 1(Yes).
4. Press Jm to return to the Main Menu.
Now enter the correct mode and perform your calculation again, monitoring the results on the
display.
k In Case of Hang Up
• Should the unit hang up and stop responding to input from the keyboard, press the P button
on the back of the calculator to reset the calculator to its initial defaults. See the Hardware
User’s Guide for details.
Note, however, that this may clear all the data in calculator memory.
20070201
1-10-2
When you keep having problems…
k Low Battery Message
If the following message appears on the display, immediately turn off the calculator and
replace batteries as instructed.
If you continue using the calculator without replacing batteries, power will automatically turn
off to protect memory contents. Once this happens, you will not be able to turn power back
on, and there is the danger that memory contents will be corrupted or lost entirely.
# You will not be able to perform data
communications operations after the low
battery message appears.
20070201
Chapter
2
Manual Calculations
2-1 Basic Calculations
2-2 Special Functions
2-3 Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format
2-4 Function Calculations
2-5 Numerical Calculations
2-6 Complex Number Calculations
2-7 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal
Calculations with Integers
2-8 Matrix Calculations
Linear/Math input mode (page 1-3-10)
• Unless specifically noted otherwise, all of the operations in this chapter
are explained using the Linear input mode.
• When necessary, the input mode is indicated by the following symbols.
<Math> ... Math input mode
<Line> .... Linear input mode
20070201
2-1-1
Basic Calculations
2-1 Basic Calculations
k Arithmetic Calculations
• Enter arithmetic calculations as they are written, from left to right.
• Use the - key to input the minus sign before a negative value.
• Calculations are performed internally with a 15-digit mantissa. The result is rounded to a
10-digit mantissa before it is displayed.
• For mixed arithmetic calculations, multiplication and division are given priority over
addition and subtraction.
Example
Operation
23 + 4.5 – 53 = –25.5
56 × (–12) ÷ (–2.5) = 268.8
(2 + 3) × 102 = 500
23+4.5-53w
56*-12/-2.5w
(2+3)*1E2w*1
1+2-3*4/5+6w
100-(2+3)*4w
2+3*(4+5w*2
1 + 2 – 3 × 4 ÷ 5 + 6 = 6.6
100 – (2 + 3) × 4 = 80
2 + 3 × (4 + 5) = 29
(7-2)(8+5)w*3
(7 – 2) × (8 + 5) = 65
3
6
4×5
<Line>
= 0.3
6/(4*5)w*4
<Math>
10
$6c4*5w
(1 + 2i) + (2 + 3i) = 3 + 5i
(b+c!a(i))+(c+
d!a(i))w
(2 + i) × (2 – i) = 5
(c+!a(i))*(c-!a(i)
)w
*3 A multiplication sign immediately before an
open parenthesis may be omitted.
*4 This is identical to 6 / 4 / 5 w.
*1(2+3)E2 does not produce the
correct result. Be sure to enter this calculation
as shown.
*2Final closed parentheses (immediately before
operation of the w key) may be omitted, no
matter how many are required.
20070201
2-1-2
Basic Calculations
k Number of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, Normal
Display Range
[SET UP] - [Display] - [Fix] / [Sci] / [Norm]
• Even after you specify the number of decimal places or the number of significant digits,
internal calculations are still performed using a 15-digit mantissa, and displayed values
are stored with a 10-digit mantissa. Use Rnd of the Numeric Calculation Menu (NUM)
(page 2-4-1) to round the displayed value off to the number of decimal place and
significant digit settings.
• Number of decimal place (Fix) and significant digit (Sci) settings normally remain in effect
until you change them or until you change the normal display range (Norm) setting.
Example
100 ÷ 6 = 16.66666666...
Condition
Operation
Display
16.66666667
100/6w
4 decimal places
!m(SET UP) f (or c 12 times)
1
*
16.6667
1(Fix)ewJw
5 significant digits
Cancels specification
!m(SET UP) f (or c 12 times)
1
*
1.6667E+01
2(Sci)fwJw
!m(SET UP) f (or c 12 times)
16.66666667
3(Norm)Jw
*1Displayed values are rounded off to the place
you specify.
20070201
2-1-3
Basic Calculations
Example
200 ÷ 7 × 14 = 400
Condition
Operation
200/7*14w
Display
400
3 decimal places
!m(SET UP) f (or c 12 times)
400.000
1(Fix)dwJw
Calculation continues using
display capacity of 10 digits
28.571
I
200/7w
*
Ans ×
400.000
14w
• If the same calculation is performed using the specified number of digits:
28.571
200/7w
The value stored internally is
rounded off to the number of
decimal places specified on
the Setup screen.
28.571
I
399.994
K6(g)4(NUM)4(Rnd)w
*
Ans ×
14w
28.571
200/7w
You can also specify the
number of decimal places for
rounding of internal values
for a specific calculation.*1
(Example: To specify
rounding to two decimal
places)
RndFix(Ans,2)
28.570
6(RndFi)!-(Ans),2)
w
Ans ×
I
*
14w
399.980
k Calculation Priority Sequence
This calculator employs true algebraic logic to calculate the parts of a formula in the following
order:
1 Type A functions
Coordinate transformation Pol (x , y ), Rec (r , θ )
Derivatives, second derivatives, integrations, Σ calculations
d /dx, d 2/dx2, ∫ dx, Σ , Mat, Solve, FMin, FMax, List→ Mat, Seq, Min, Max, Median, Mean,
Augment, Mat→ List, P(, Q(, R(, t(, List, RndFix, log ab
Composite functions*2 fn, Yn, rn, Xtn, Ytn, Xn
*1To turn off rounding, specify 10 for the
significant number of digits.
A composite function can consist of up to five
functions.
*2You can combine the contents of multiple
function memory (fn) locations or graph
memory (Yn, rn, Xtn, Ytn, Xn) locations into
composite functions. Specifying fn1(fn2), for
example, results in the composite function
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum
value, Solve, RndFix or log ab calculation
expression inside of a RndFix calculation term.
fn1 fn2 (see page 5-3-3).
°
20070201
2-1-5
Basic Calculations
k Multiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign
You can omit the multiplication sign (× ) in any of the following operations.
• Before Type A functions (1 on page 2-1-3) and Type C functions (6 on page 2-1-4),
except for negative signs
Example
• Before constants, variable names, memory names
Example 2π , 2AB, 3Ans, 3Y1, etc.
• Before an open parenthesis
2sin30, 10log1.2, 2'3, 2Pol(5, 12), etc.
Example
3(5 + 6), (A + 1)(B – 1), etc.
k Overflow and Errors
Exceeding a specified input or calculation range, or attempting an illegal input causes an
error message to appear on the display. Further operation of the calculator is impossible
while an error message is displayed. The following events cause an error message to appear
on the display.
• When any result, whether intermediate or final, or any value in memory exceeds
9.999999999 × 1099 (Ma ERROR).
• When an attempt is made to perform a function calculation that exceeds the input range
(Ma ERROR).
• When an illegal operation is attempted during statistical calculations (Ma ERROR). For
example, attempting to obtain 1VAR without data input.
• When an improper data type is specified for the argument of a function calculation
(Ma ERROR).
• When the capacity of the numeric value stack or command stack is exceeded (Stack
ERROR). For example, entering 25 successive ( followed by 2 + 3 * 4 w.
• When an attempt is made to perform a calculation using an illegal formula (Syntax
ERROR). For example, 5 ** 3 w.
# Most of the calculator’s keys are inoperative
while an error message is displayed.
# See the “Error Message Table” on page α -1-1
for information on other errors.
Press J to clear the error and display the
error position (see page 1-3-5).
20070201
2-1-6
Basic Calculations
• When you try to perform a calculation that causes memory capacity to be exceeded
(Memory ERROR).
• When you use a command that requires an argument, without providing a valid argument
(Argument ERROR).
• When an attempt is made to use an illegal dimension during matrix calculations (Dimension
ERROR).
• When you are in the real mode and an attempt is made to perform a calculation that
produces a complex number solution. Note that “Real” is selected for the Complex Mode
setting on the Setup screen (Non-Real ERROR).
k Memory Capacity
In the Linear input mode, each time you press a key, either one byte or two bytes is used.
Some of the functions that require one byte are: b, c, d, sin, cos, tan, log, In, ', and π .
Some of the functions that take up two bytes are d /dx(, Mat, Xmin, If, For, Return,
DrawGraph, SortA(, PxIOn, Sum, and a n
.
+1
For details about the number of bytes required for each function in the Math input mode, see
page 1-3-11.
# As you input numeric values or commands,
they appear flush left on the display.
Calculation results, on the other hand, are
displayed flush right.
# The allowable range for both input and output
values is 15 digits for the mantissa and two
digits for the exponent. Internal calculations are
also performed using a 15-digit mantissa and
two-digit exponent.
20070201
2-2-1
Special Functions
2-2 Special Functions
k Calculations Using Variables
Example
Operation
193.2aav(A)w
Display
193.2
193.2 ÷ 23 = 8.4
193.2 ÷ 28 = 6.9
8.4
6.9
av(A)/23w
av(A)/28w
k Memory
uVariables (Alpha Memory)
This calculator comes with 28 variables as standard.You can use variables to store values
you want to use inside of calculations. Variables are identified by single-letter names, which
are made up of the 26 letters of the alphabet, plus r and θ . The maximum size of values that
you can assign to variables is 15 digits for the mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent.
u To assign a value to a variable
[value] a [variable name] w
Example 1 To assign 123 to variable A
Abcdaav(A)w
Example 2 To add 456 to variable A and store the result in variable B
Aav(A)+efga
al(B)w
# Variable contents are retained even when you
turn power off.
20070201
2-2-2
Special Functions
u To display the contents of a variable
Example
To display the contents of variable A
Aav(A)w
u To clear a variable
Example
To clear variable A
Aaaav(A)w
u To assign the same value to more than one variable
[value]a [first variable name*1]a3(~) [last variable name*1]w
Example
To assign a value of 10 to variables A through F
Abaaav(A)
a3(~)at(F)w
uFunction Memory
[OPTN]-[FMEM]
Function memory (f1~f20) is convenient for temporary storage of often-used expressions. For
longer term storage, we recommend that you use the GRAPH mode for expressions and the
PRGM mode for programs.
• {STO}/{RCL}/{fn}/{SEE} ... {function store}/{function recall}/{function area specification as
a variable name inside an expression}/{function list}
*1 You cannot use “r ” or “θ ” as a variable name.
20070201
2-2-3
Special Functions
u To store a function
Example
To store the function (A+B) (A–B) as function memory number 1
(av(A)+al(B))
(av(A)-al(B))
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)
1(STO)bw
JJJ
u To recall a function
Example
To recall the contents of function memory number 1
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)
2(RCL)bw
u To recall a function as a variable
daav(A)w
baal(B)w
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)3(fn)
b+cw
u To display a list of available functions
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)
4(SEE)
# If the function memory number to which you
store a function already contains a function, the
previous function is replaced with the new one.
# The recalled function appears at the current
location of the cursor on the display.
20070201
2-2-4
Special Functions
u To delete a function
Example
To delete the contents of function memory number 1
AK6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)
1(STO)bw
• Executing the store operation while the display is blank deletes the function in the
function memory you specify.
u To use stored functions
Example
To store x 3 + 1, x 2 + x into function memory, and then graph:
y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 1
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = – 4, Xmax = 4, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 1
!m(SET UP)ccc1(Y=)J
AvMd+bK6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)1(STO)bw(stores (x 3 + 1))
JAvx+v1(STO)cw(stores (x 2 + x ))
JA!4(SKTCH)1(Cls)w
5(GRPH)1(Y=)
K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)3(fn)b+
3(fn)cw
• For full details about graphing, see “5. Graphing”.
# You can also use a to store a function in
function memory in a program.
In this case, you must enclose the function
inside of double quotation marks.
20070201
2-2-5
Special Functions
k Answer Function
The Answer Function automatically stores the last result you calculated by pressing
w (unless the w key operation results in an error). The result is stored in the answer
memory.
u To use the contents of the answer memory in a calculation
Example
123 + 456 = 579
789 – 579 = 210
Abcd+efgw
hij-!-(Ans)w
In the Math input mode, the answer memory is refreshed with each calculation. Note,
however, that the answer memory content recall operation is different from that used in
the Linear input mode. For details, see “History Function” (page 2-2-6).
k Performing Continuous Calculations
Answer memory also lets you use the result of one calculation as one of the arguments in
the next calculation.
Example
1 ÷ 3 =
1 ÷ 3 × 3 =
Ab/dw
(Continuing)*dw
Continuous calculations can also be used with Type B functions (x 2, x –1, x!, page 2-1-4),
+, –, ^(x y ), x ', ° ’ ”, etc.
# The largest value that the answer memory
can hold is 15 digits for the mantissa and 2
digits for the exponent.
# Answer memory contents are not cleared when
you press the A key or when you switch power
off.
# Only numeric values and calculation results
can be stored in answer memory.
# When “Linear” is selected as the Input Mode,
answer memory contents are not changed by an
operation that assigns values to Alpha memory
(such as: faav(A)w).
20070201
2-2-6
Special Functions
k History Function
The history function maintains a history of calculation expressions and results in the Math
input mode. Up to 30 sets of calculation expressions and results are maintained.
b+cw
*cw
You can also edit the calculation expressions that are maintained by the history function
and recalculate. This will recalculate all of the expressions starting from the edited
expression.
Example
To change “1+2” to “1+3” and recalculate
Perform the following operation following the sample shown above.
ffffdDdw
# The value stored in the answer memory is
always dependent on the result produced
by the last calculation performed. If history
contents include operations that use the
answer memory, editing a calculation may
affect the answer memory value used in
subsequent calculations.
- If you have a series of calculations that use
the answer memory to include the result of the
previous calculation in the next calculation,
editing a calculation will affect the results of all
the other calculations that come after it.
- When the first calculation of the history includes
the answer memory contents, the answer
memory value is “0” because there is no
calculation before the first one in history.
20070201
2-2-7
Special Functions
k Stacks
The unit employs memory blocks, called stacks, for storage of low priority values and
commands. There is a 10-level numeric value stack, a 26-level command stack, and a
10-level program subroutine stack. An error occurs if you perform a calculation so complex
that it exceeds the capacity of available numeric value stack or command stack space, or if
execution of a program subroutine exceeds the capacity of the subroutine stack.
Example
Numeric Value Stack
Command Stack
1
b
2
×
(
2
c
3
3
d
4
(
4
e
5
+
5
f
4
×
g
h
(
+
# Calculations are performed according to
the priority sequence. Once a calculation is
executed, it is cleared from the stack.
# Storing a complex number takes up two numeric
value stack levels.
# Storing a two-byte function takes up two
command stack levels.
20070201
2-2-8
Special Functions
k Using Multistatements
Multistatements are formed by connecting a number of individual statements for sequential
execution.You can use multistatements in manual calculations and in programmed
calculations. There are two different ways that you can use to connect statements to form
multistatements.
• Colon (:)
Statements that are connected with colons are executed from left to right, without stopping.
• Display Result Command (^)
When execution reaches the end of a statement followed by a display result command,
execution stops and the result up to that point appears on the display.You can resume
execution by pressing the w key.
Example
6.9 × 123 = 848.7
123 ÷ 3.2 = 38.4375
Abcdaav(A)
!J(PRGM)6(g)5(:)g.j
*av(A)!J(PRGM)5(^)
av(A)/d.cw
w
# You cannot construct a multistatement in
which one statement directly uses the result
of the previous statement.
Example: 123 × 456: × 5
Invalid
20070201
2-3-1
Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format
2-3 Specifying the Angle Unit and Display
Format
Before performing a calculation for the first time, you should use the Setup screen to specify
the angle unit and display format.
k Setting the Angle Unit
[SET UP]- [Angle]
1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Angle”.
2. Press the function key for the angle unit you want to specify, then press J.
• {Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads}
• The relationship between degrees, grads, and radians is shown below.
360° = 2π radians = 400 grads
90° = π /2 radians = 100 grads
k Setting the Display Format
[SET UP]- [Display]
1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Display”.
2. Press the function key for the item you want to set, then press J.
• {Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng} ... {fixed number of decimal places specification}/
{number of significant digits specification}/{normal display}/{Engineering mode}
u To specify the number of decimal places (Fix)
Example
To specify two decimal places
1(Fix)cw
Press the number key that corresponds to the
number of decimal places you want to specify
(n = 0 to 9).
# Displayed values are rounded off to the
number of decimal places you specify.
20070201
2-3-2
Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format
u To specify the number of significant digits (Sci)
Example
To specify three significant digits
2(Sci)dw
Press the number key that corresponds to the
number of significant digits you want to specify
(n = 0 to 9).
Specifying 0 makes the number of significant
digits 10.
u To specify the normal display (Norm 1/Norm 2)
Press 3(Norm) to switch between Norm 1 and Norm 2.
Norm 1: 10–2 (0.01)>|x |, |x | >1010
Norm 2: 10–9(0.000000001)>|x |, |x | >1010
Ab/caaw
(Norm 1)
(Norm 2)
u To specify the engineering notation display (Eng mode)
Press 4(Eng) to switch between engineering notation and standard notation. The
indicator “/E” is on the display while engineering notation is in effect.
You can use the following symbols to convert values to engineering notation, such as
2,000 (= 2 × 103) → 2k.
× 1018
× 1015
× 1012
× 109
× 106
× 103
× 10–3
× 10–6
× 10–9
× 10–12
× 10–15
E (Exa)
P (Peta)
T (Tera)
G (Giga)
M (Mega)
k (kilo)
m (milli)
μ (micro)
n (nano)
p (pico)
f (femto)
# Displayed values are rounded off to the
number of significant digits you specify.
# The engineering symbol that makes the
mantissa a value from 1 to 1000 is automatically
selected by the calculator when engineering
notation is in effect.
20070201
2-4-1
Function Calculations
2-4 Function Calculations
k Function Menus
This calculator includes five function menus that give you access to scientific functions not
printed on the key panel.
• The contents of the function menu differ according to the mode you entered from the Main
Menu before you pressed the K key. The following examples show function menus that
•
appear in the RUN MAT mode.
u Hyperbolic Calculations (HYP)
[OPTN]-[HYP]
• {sinh}/{cosh}/{tanh} ... hyperbolic {sine}/{cosine}/{tangent}
• {sinh–1}/{cosh–1}/{tanh–1} ... inverse hyperbolic {sine}/{cosine}/{tangent}
u Probability/Distribution Calculations (PROB)
• {x!} ... {press after inputting a value to obtain the factorial of the value.}
• {n Pr }/{n Cr } ... {permutation}/{combination}
[OPTN]-[PROB]
• {Ran#}... {pseudo random number generation (0 to 1)}
• {P(}/{Q(}/{R(} ... normal distribution probability {P(t )}/{Q(t )}/{R(t )}
• {t (} ... {value of normalized variate t (x )}
u Numeric Calculations (NUM)
[OPTN]-[NUM]
• {Abs} ... {select this item and input a value to obtain the absolute value of the value.}
• {Int}/{Frac} ... select the item and input a value to extract the {integer}/{fraction} part.
• {Rnd} ... {rounds off the value used for internal calculations to 10 significant digits
(to match the value in the Answer Memory), or to the number of decimal places (Fix)
and number of significant digits (Sci) specified by you.}
• {Intg} ... {select this item and input a value to obtain the largest integer that is not greater
than the value.}
• {RndFi} ... {rounds off the value used for internal calculations to specified digits (0~9)
(see page 2-1-3).}
20070201
2-4-2
Function Calculations
u Angle Units, Coordinate Conversion, Sexagesimal Operations (ANGL)
[OPTN]-[ANGL]
• {°}/{r}/{g} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads} for a specific input value
• {° ’ ”} ... {specifies degrees (hours), minutes, seconds when inputting a degrees/minutes/
seconds value}
• {
° ’ ”
} ... {converts decimal value to degrees/minutes/seconds value}*1
• {Pol(}/{Rec(} ... {rectangular-to-polar}/{polar-to-rectangular} coordinate conversion
• {'DMS} ... {converts decimal value to sexagesimal value}
u Engineering Symbol (ESYM)
[OPTN]-[ESYM]
• {m}/{—}/{n}/{p}/{f} ... {milli (10–3)}/{micro (10–6)}/{nano (10–9)}/{pico (10–12)}/{femto (10–15)}
• {k}/{M}/{G}/{T}/{P}/{E} ... {kilo (103)}/{mega (106)}/{giga (109)}/{tera (1012)}/{peta (1015)}/
{exa (1018)}
• {ENG}/{ENG} ... shifts the decimal place of the displayed value three digits to the
{left}/{right} and {decreases}/{increases} the exponent by three.*2
When you are using engineering notation, the engineering symbol is also changed
accordingly.
*1The {
} menu operation is available only
# ENG/ENG switching is disabled for the following
types of calculation results.
° ’ ”
when there is a calculation result on the
display.
- Result of matrix calculation input in the Math
*2The {ENG} and {ENG} menu operations are
available only when there is a calculation
result on the display.
input mode
- Result of list calculation input in the Math input
mode
20070201
2-4-3
Function Calculations
k Angle Units
To change the angle unit of an input value, first press K6(g)5(ANGL). On the
function key menu that appears, select “ ”, “r”, or “g”.
°
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
Operation
To convert 4.25 rad to degrees:
243.5070629
!m(SET UP)cccccc1(Deg)J
4.25K6(g)5(ANGL)2(r)w
47.3° + 82.5rad = 4774.20181°
2°20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3°00´00˝
47.3+82.5K6(g)5(ANGL)2(r)w
2K6(g)5(ANGL)4(° ’ ”) 204(° ’ ”) 30
4(° ’ ”)+04(° ’ ”)394(° ’ ”) 304(° ’ ”)w
5(
)
° ’ ”
2.255K6(g)5(ANGL)6(g)3('DMS)w
2.255° = 2°15´18˝
# Once you specify an angle unit, it remains
in effect until you specify a different one.
The specification is retained even if you turn
power off.
20070201
2-4-4
Function Calculations
k Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
• Be sure to set the angle unit before performing trigonometric function and inverse
trigonometric function calculations.
π
(90° = ––– radians = 100 grads)
2
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
Operation
sin 63° = 0.8910065242
!m(SET UP)cccccc
1(Deg)J
s63w
π
!m(SET UP)cccccc
2(Rad)J
cos ( rad) = 0.5
3
<Line>
c(!E(π )/3)w
<Math>
c$!E(π )c3w
tan (– 35gra) = – 0.6128007881
!m(SET UP)cccccc
3(Gra)J
t-35w
•
2 sin 45° × cos 65° = 0.5976724775
!m(SET UP)cccccc
1(Deg)J
2*s45*c65w*1
1
!m(SET UP)cccccc
1(Deg)J
cosec 30° =
= 2
sin30°
<Line>
1/s30w
<Math>
$1cs30w
sin–10.5 = 30°
(x when sinx = 0.5)
!m(SET UP)cccccc
1(Deg)J
!s(sin–1)0.5*2w
*2Input of leading zero is not necessary.
*1* can be omitted.
20070201
2-4-5
Function Calculations
k Logarithmic and Exponential Functions
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
Operation
log 1.23 (log101.23) = 0.08990511144
log28 = 3
l1.23w
<Line>
K4(CALC)6(g)4(log b)2,8)w
a
<Math>
4(MATH)2(log b) 2e8w
a
I90w
In 90 (loge 90) = 4.49980967
101.23 = 16.98243652
!l(10x )1.23w
(To obtain the antilogarithm of common
logarithm 1.23)
e 4.5 = 90.0171313
!I(e x )4.5w
(To obtain the antilogarithm of natural
logarithm 4.5)
(–3)4 = (–3) × (–3) × (–3) × (–3) = 81
(-3)M4w
–34 = –(3 × 3 × 3 × 3) = –81
-3M4w
1
<Line>
7
7
123 (= 123 ) = 1.988647795
7!M(x ')123w
<Math>
!M(x ')7e123w
3
<Line>
2 + 3 × 64 – 4 = 10
2+3*3!M(x ')64-4w*1
<Math>
2+3*!M(x ')3e64e-4w
*1^ (x y ) and x ' take precedence over
multiplication and division.
# The Linear input mode and Math input mode
produce different results when two or more
powers are input in series, like: 2M3M2.
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum
value, Solve, RndFix or log ab calculation
expression inside of a log ab calculation term.
Linear input mode: 2^3^2 = 64
Math input mode:
= 512
This is because the Math input mode internally
treats the above input as: 2^(3^(2)).
20070201
2-4-6
Function Calculations
k Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
Operation
sinh 3.6 = 18.28545536
K6(g)2(HYP)1(sinh)3.6w
cosh 1.5 – sinh 1.5
= 0.2231301601
(Display: –1.5)
(Proof of cosh x sinh x = e )
K6(g)2(HYP)2(cosh)1.5-
1(sinh)1.5w
I!-(Ans)w
= e –1.5
x
20
15
<Line>
cosh–1
= 0.7953654612
K6(g)2(HYP)5(cosh–1)(20/15)w
<Math>
K6(g)2(HYP)5(cosh–1)$20c15w
Determine the value of x
when tanh 4 x = 0.88
tanh–1 0.88
<Line>
x =
K6(g)2(HYP)6(tanh–1)0.88/4w
<Math>
4
= 0.3439419141
$K6(g)2(HYP)6(tanh–1)0.88c4w
20070201
2-4-7
Function Calculations
k Other Functions
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
Operation
'2 + '5 = 3.65028154
!x(')2+!x(')5w
(3 + i ) = 1.755317302
<Line>
+0.2848487846i
!x(')(d+!a(i))w
<Math>
!x(')d+!a(i)w
(–3)2 = (–3) × (–3) = 9
(-3)xw
–32 = –(3 × 3) = –9
-3xw
<Line>
1
(3!)(x –1)-4!)(x –1))!)(x –1)w
<Math>
–––––– = 12
1
1
–– – ––
3
4
$1c$1c3e-$1c4w
8! (= 1 × 2 × 3 × .... × 8)
= 40320
8K6(g)3(PROB)1(x !)w
3
36 × 42 ×49 = 42
<Line>
!((3')(36*42*49)w
<Math>
!((3')36*42*49w
What is the absolute value of
3
the common logarithm of
3
?
4
<Line>
log
= 0.1249387366
|
|
4
K6(g)4(NUM)1(Abs)l(3/4)w
<Math>
4(MATH)3(Abs)l$3c4w
What is the integer part of
– 3.5? – 3
K6(g)4(NUM)2(Int)-3.5w
K6(g)4(NUM)3(Frac)-3.5w
K6(g)4(NUM)5(Intg)-3.5w
What is the decimal part of
– 3.5? – 0.5
What is the nearest integer
not exceeding – 3.5? – 4
20070201
2-4-8
Function Calculations
k Random Number Generation (Ran#)
This function generates a 10-digit truly random or sequentially random number that is greater
than zero and less than 1.
• A truly random number is generated if you do not specify anything for the argument.
Example
Operation
Ran# (Generates a random number.)
K6(g)3(PROB)4(Ran#)w
(Each press of w generates a new random
number.)
w
w
• Specifying an argument from 1 to 9 generates random numbers based on that sequence.
• Specifying an argument of 0 initializes the sequence.*1
Example
Operation
Ran# 1 (Generates the first random number in sequence 1.)
K6(g)3(PROB)
4(Ran#)bw
w
(Generates the second random number in sequence 1.)
Ran# 0 (Initializes the sequence.)
4(Ran#)aw
Ran# 1 (Generates the first random number in sequence 1.)
4(Ran#)bw
*1Changing to a different sequence or
generating a totally random number (without
an argument) initializes the sequence.
20070201
2-4-9
Function Calculations
k Coordinate Conversion
u Rectangular Coordinates
u Polar Coordinates
• With polar coordinates, Ƨ can be calculated and displayed within a range of
–180°< Ƨ < 180° (radians and grads have same range).
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
Operation
Calculate r and Ƨ° when x = 14 and y = 20.7
!m(SET UP)cccccc
1(Deg)J
K6(g)5(ANGL)6(g)1(Pol()
14,20.7)wJ
1
2
24.989
55.928
→
→
24.98979792 (r)
55.92839019 ( )
θ
Calculate x and y when r = 25 and Ƨ = 56°
2(Rec()25,56)w
1
2
13.979
20.725
→
→
13.97982259 (x)
20.72593931 (y)
20070201
2-4-10
Function Calculations
k Permutation and Combination
u Permutation
u Combination
n
n
!
!
n r
P =
n
r
C =
n
r
r
n
r
( – )!
! ( – )!
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example 1 To calculate the possible number of different arrangements using 4
items selected from among 10 items
Formula
10P4 = 5040
Operation
10K6(g)3(PROB)2(n Pr )4w
Example 2 To calculate the possible number of different combinations of 4 items
that can be selected from among 10 items
Formula
Operation
10C4 = 210
10K6(g)3(PROB)3(n Cr )4w
k Fractions
How you should input fractions depends on the input mode that is currently selected.
Improper Fraction
Mixed Fraction
7
3
1
2
Math input mode
Linear input mode
3
($7c3)
(1$(()2e1c3)
7 { 3
2 { 1 { 3
Integer Part
Denominator
Numerator
(2$1$3)
Numerator
Denominator
(7$3)
• For information about the Math input mode, see “Input Operations in the Math Input Mode”
on page 1-3-10.
• Fraction calculation results are always reduced before being displayed.
20070201
2-4-11
Function Calculations
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
Operation
2
5
1
4
73
–– + 3 –– = –––
20
<Math>
$2c5e+!$(&)3e1c4w
<Line>
2$5+3$1$4w
1
1
<Math>
= 6.066202547 × 10–4*1
––––– + –––––
2578
4572
$1c2578e+$1c4572w
<Line>
1$2578+1$4572w
1
<Math>
$1c2e*.5w
<Line>
× 0.5 = 0.25*2
––
2
1$2*.5w
Display:
3
2
23
10
1.5+2.3!a(i )w
i
–– + ––
1.5 + 2.3i =
3{2
MM*3
+23{10i
1
12
7
<Math>
–––––– = ––
1
1
$1c$1c3e+$1c4w
<Line>
–– + ––
3
4
1$(1$3+1$4)w
*1When the total number of characters,
*3Pressing M once when converting the decimal
part of a complex number to a fraction first
displays the real part and imaginary part on
separate lines.
including integer, numerator, denominator
and delimiter marks exceeds 10, the fraction
is automatically displayed in decimal format.
*2Calculations containing both fractions and
decimals are calculated in decimal format.
20070201
2-4-12
Function Calculations
Switching between improper fraction and mixed fraction format
Pressing the !M(
improper fraction format.
) key toggles the display fraction between mixed fraction and
<
Switching between fraction and decimal format
⇒
M
⇐
• If the calculation result includes a fraction, the display format (improper fraction or mixed
fraction) is in accordance with the “Frac Result” setting of the Setup screen. For details, see
“1-8 Using the Setup Screen”.
• You cannot switch from decimal format to mixed fraction format if the total number of
digits used in the mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator
symbols) is greater than 10.
k Engineering Notation Calculations
Input engineering symbols using the engineering notation menu.
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
Operation
!m(SET UP) f (or c 12 times)
4(Eng)J
999k (kilo) + 25k (kilo)
= 1.024M (mega)
999K6(g)6(g)1(ESYM)6(g)1(k)+
251(k)w
9 ÷ 10 = 0.9 = 900m (milli)
= 0.9
9/10w
K6(g)6(g)1(ESYM)6(g)6(g)3(ENG)*1
= 0.0009k (kilo)
= 0.9
= 900m
3(ENG)*1
2(ENG)*2
2(ENG)*2
*1Converts the displayed value to the next
higher engineering unit, by shifting the
decimal point three places to the right.
*2Converts the displayed value to the next lower
engineering unit, by shifting the decimal point
three places to the left.
20071001
2-4-13
Function Calculations
k Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT)
[OPTN]-[LOGIC]
The logical operator menu provides a selection of logical operators.
• {And}/{Or}/{Not} ... {logical AND}/{logical OR}/{logical NOT}
• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.
Example
What is the logical AND of A and B when A = 3 and B = 2?
A AND B = 1
Operation
Display
3aav(A)w
2aal(B)w
av(A)K6(g)6(g)
1
4(LOGIC)1(And)al(B)w
Example
What is the logical OR of A and B when A = 5 and B = 1?
A OR B = 1
Operation
Display
5aav(A)w
1aal(B)w
av(A)K6(g)6(g)
1
4(LOGIC)2(Or)al(B)w
Example
Negate A when A = 10.
NOT A = 0
Operation
Display
10aav(A)w
K6(g)6(g)
0
4(LOGIC)3(Not)av(A)w
20071001
2-4-14
Function Calculations
u About Logical Operations
• A logical operation always produces either 0 or 1 as its result.
• The following table shows all of possible results that can be produced by AND and OR
operations.
Value or Expression A Value or Expression B
A AND B
A OR B
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
A G 0
A G 0
A = 0
A = 0
B G 0
B = 0
B G 0
B = 0
• The following table shows the results produced by the NOT operation.
Value or Expression A
NOT A
0
1
A G 0
A = 0
20071001
2-5-1
Numerical Calculations
2-5 Numerical Calculations
The following describes the items that are available in the menus you use when performing
differential/quadratic differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum value, and Solve
calculations.
When the option menu is on the display, press 4(CALC) to display the function analysis
menu. The items of this menu are used when performing specific types of calculations.
• {Solve}/{d /dx}/{d 2/dx2}/{∫ dx}/{FMin}/{FMax}/{Σ (} ... {solve}/{differential}/
{quadratic differential}/{integration}/{minimum value}/{maximum value}/{Σ (sigma)}
calculations
k Solve Calculations
The following is the syntax for using the Solve function in a program.
Solve( f (x ), n , a , b )
(a : lower limit, b : upper limit, n : initial estimated value)
There are two different input methods that can be used for Solve calculations: direct
assignment and variable table input.
With the direct assignment method (the one described here), you assign values directly to
variables. This type of input is identical to that used with the Solve command used in the
PRGM mode.
Variable table input is used with the Solve function in the EQUA mode. This input method is
recommended for most normal Solve function input.
An error (Time Out) occurs when there is no convergence of the solution.
For information about Solve calculations, see page 4-3-1.
# Pressing A during calculation of Solve
(while the cursor is not shown on the display)
interrupts the calculation.
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ, maximum/minimum
value, Solve, RndFix or log ab calculation
expression inside of a Solve calculation term.
20070201
2-5-2
Numerical Calculations
k Differential Calculations
[OPTN]-[CALC]-[d /dx]
To perform differential calculations, first display the function analysis menu, and then input
the values using the syntax below.
K4(CALC)2(d /dx) f (x ),a ,tol)
(a : point for which you want to determine the
derivative, tol: tolerance)
d
f (a)
d/dx ( f (x) a)
⇒
,
dx
The differentiation for this type of calculation is defined as:
f (a + x) – f (a)
A
A
f '(a) = lim
–––––––––––––
x
A
→
0
x
In this definition, infinitesimal is replaced by a sufficiently small Ax , with the value in the
neighborhood of f ' (a ) calculated as:
f (a + x) – f (a)
A
f '(a)
–––––––––––––
x
A
In order to provide the best precision possible, this unit employs central difference to perform
differential calculations.
Using Differential Calculation in a Graph Function
• Omitting the tolerance (tol) value when using the differential command inside of a graph
function simplifies the calculation for drawing the graph. In such a case, precision is
sacrificed for the sake of faster drawing. The tolerance value is specified, the graph
is drawn with the same precision obtained when you normally perform a differential
calculation.
• You can also omit input of the derivative point by using the following format for the
differential graph:Y2=d /dx(Y1). In this case, the value of the X variable is used as the
derivative point.
20070201
2-5-3
Numerical Calculations
Example
To determine the derivative at point x = 3 for the function
y = x 3 + 4x 2 + x – 6, with a tolerance of “tol” = 1E – 5
Input the function f (x ).
AK4(CALC)2(d /dx)vMd+evx+v-g,
Input point x = a for which you want to determine the derivative.
d,
Input the tolerance value.
bE-f)
w
<Math>
A4(MATH)4(d /dx)vMde
+evx+v-ged
w
# In the Math input mode, the tolerance value is
fixed at 1E-10 and cannot be changed.
# In the function f (x ), only X can be used as
a variable in expressions. Other variables
(A through Z excluding X, r , Ƨ) are treated
as constants, and the value currently
assigned to that variable is applied during the
calculation.
# Inaccurate results and errors can be caused by
the following:
- discontinuous points in x values
- extreme changes in x values
- inclusion of the local maximum point and local
minimum point in x values
- inclusion of the inflection point in x values
- inclusion of undifferentiable points in x values
- differential calculation results approaching zero
# Input of the tolerance (tol) value and the
closing parenthesis can be omitted. If you
omit tolerance (tol) value, the calculator
automatically uses a value for tol as 1E-10.
# Specify a tolerance (tol) value of 1E-14 or
greater. An error (Time Out) occurs whenever
no solution that satisfies the tolerance value
can be obtained.
20070201
2-5-4
Numerical Calculations
u Applications of Differential Calculations
• Differentials can be added, subtracted, multiplied or divided with each other.
d
d
––– f (a) = f '(a), ––– g (a) = g'(a)
dx dx
Therefore:
f ( a ) + g ( a ), f ( a ) g ( a ), etc.
× '
'
'
'
• Differential results can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and in
functions.
2
f ( a ), log ( f ( a )), etc.
× '
'
• Functions can be used in any of the terms (f (x ), a , tol) of a differential.
d
––– (sin + cos , sin0.5, 1E - 8), etc.
x
x
dx
# Pressing A during calculation of a differential
(while the cursor is not shown on the display)
interrupts the calculation.
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum
value, Solve, RndFix or log ab calculation
expression inside a differential calculation
term.
# Always use radians (Rad mode) as the angle
unit when performing trigonometric differentials.
20070201
2-5-5
Numerical Calculations
k Quadratic Differential Calculations
[OPTN]-[CALC]-[d 2/dx2]
After displaying the function analysis menu, you can input quadratic differentials using the
following syntax.
K4(CALC)3(d 2/dx2) f (x ),a ,tol)
(a : differential coefficient point, tol: tolerance)
2
2
d
d
––– ( f (x), a)
––– f(a)
⇒
2
2
dx
dx
Quadratic differential calculations produce an approximate differential value using the
following second order differential formula, which is based on Newton’s polynomial
interpretation.
2 f(a + 3h) – 27 f(a + 2h) + 270 f(a + h) – 490 f(a) + 270 f(a – h) – 27 f(a –2h) + 2 f(a – 3h)
f ''(a) =
2
180h
In this expression, values for “sufficiently small increments of h ” are used to obtain a value
that approximates f ”(a ).
Example
To determine the quadratic differential coefficient at the point where
x = 3 for the function y = x 3 + 4x 2 + x – 6
Here we will use a tolerance tol = 1E – 5
Input the function f (x ).
AK4(CALC)3(d 2/dx2) vMd+
evx+v-g,
Input 3 as point a , which is the differential coefficient point.
d,
Input the tolerance value.
bE-f)
w
# In the function f (x ), only X can be used as
a variable in expressions. Other variables
(A through Z excluding X, r , Ƨ) are treated
as constants, and the value currently
assigned to that variable is applied during the
calculation.
# Input of the tolerance (tol) value and the closing
parenthesis can be omitted.
# Specify a tolerance (tol) value of 1E-14 or
greater. An error (Time Out) occurs whenever
no solution that satisfies the tolerance value can
be obtained.
20070201
2-5-6
Numerical Calculations
<Math>
A4(MATH)5(d 2/dx2)vMde
+evx+v-gedw
u Quadratic Differential Applications
• Arithmetic operations can be performed using two quadratic differentials.
2
2
d
d
f (a) = f ''(a),
g (a) = g''(a)
–––
–––
2
2
dx
dx
Therefore:
f ( a ) + g ( a ), f ( a ) g ( a ), etc.
'' × ''
''
''
• The result of a quadratic differential calculation can be used in a subsequent arithmetic
or function calculation.
2
( a ), log ( f ( a ) ), etc.
''
× f ''
• Functions can be used within the terms (f (x ), a , tol) of a quadratic differential
expression.
2
d
(sin + cos , sin 0.5, 1E - 8), etc.
–––
x
x
2
dx
# You can interrupt an ongoing quadratic
differential calculation by pressing the A key.
# In the Math input mode, the tolerance value is
fixed at 1E-10 and cannot be changed.
# Always use radians (Rad mode) as the angle
unit when performing trigonometric quadratic
differentials.
# The rules that apply for linear differential also
apply when using a quadratic differential
calculation for the graph formula (see page
2-5-2).
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum
value, Solve, RndFix or log ab calculation
expression inside of a quadratic differential
calculation term.
# Inaccurate results and errors can be caused
by the following:
- discontinuous points in x values
- extreme changes in x values
- inclusion of the local maximum point and
local minimum point in x values
- inclusion of the inflection point in x values
- inclusion of undifferentiable points in x values
- differential calculation results approaching
zero
# With quadratic differential calculation,
calculation precision is up to five digits for the
mantissa.
20070201
2-5-7
Numerical Calculations
k Integration Calculations
[OPTN]-[CALC]-[∫ dx]
To perform integration calculations, first display the function analysis menu and then input the
values using the syntax below.
K4(CALC)4(∫ dx) f (x ) , a , b , tol )
(a : start point, b : end point, tol: tolerance)
b
b tol)
f(x), a, ,
f(x)dx
⇒
(
a
Area of b f(x)dx is calculated
a
As shown in the illustration above, integration calculations are performed by calculating
integral values from a through b for the function y = f (x ) where a < x < b , and f (x ) > 0. This in
effect calculates the surface area of the shaded area in the illustration.
Example
To perform the integration calculation for the function shown
below, with a tolerance of “tol” = 1E - 4
5 (2x2 + 3x + 4) dx
1
Input the function f (x ).
AK4(CALC)4(∫ dx)cvx+dv+e,
Input the start point and end point.
b,f,
Input the tolerance value.
bE-e)
w
# If f (x ) < 0 where a < x < b , the surface area
calculation produces negative values (surface
area × – 1).
20070201
2-5-8
Numerical Calculations
<Math>
4(MATH)6(g)1(∫ dx)cvx+
dv+eebffw
u Application of Integration Calculation
• Integrals can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication or division.
b f(x) dx + d g(x) dx, etc.
a
c
• Integration results can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, in
functions.
b f(x) dx, etc. log ( b f(x) dx), etc.
2 ×
a
a
• Functions can be used in any of the terms (f (x ), a , b , tol) of an integral.
cos 0.5 (sin x + cos x) dx = (sin x + cos x, sin 0.5, cos 0.5, 1
E
- 4)
sin 0.5
# In the Math input mode, the tolerance value is
fixed at 1E-5 and cannot be changed.
# Integration calculations can take a long time to
complete.
# In the function f (x ), only X can be used as
a variable in expressions. Other variables
(A through Z excluding X, r , Ƨ) are treated
as constants, and the value currently
assigned to that variable is applied during the
calculation.
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum
value, Solve, RndFix or log ab calculation
expression inside of an integration calculation
term.
# Input of “tol” and closing parenthesis can
be omitted. If you omit “tol,” the calculator
automatically uses a default value of 1E-5.
20070201
2-5-9
Numerical Calculations
Note the following points to ensure correct integration values.
(1) When cyclical functions for integration values become positive or negative for different
divisions, perform the calculation for single cycles, or divide between negative and
positive, and then add the results together.
Positive
part (S )
Negative part (S)
b f(x)dx = c f(x)dx + (– b f(x)dx)
∫
∫
∫
a
a
c
Positive part (S )
Negative part (S )
(2) When minute fluctuations in integration divisions produce large fluctuations in integration
values, calculate the integration divisions separately (divide the large fluctuation areas
into smaller divisions), and then add the results together.
x
1
x
2
b f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx +.....+ f(x)dx
b
a
a
x
1
x
4
# An error (Time Out) occurs whenever no
solution that satisfies the tolerance value can
be obtained.
# Pressing A during calculation of an integral
(while the cursor is not shown on the display)
interrupts the calculation.
# Always use radians (Rad mode) as the
angle unit when performing trigonometric
integrations.
20070201
2-5-10
Numerical Calculations
k Σ Calculations
[OPTN]-[CALC]-[Σ ]
To perform Σ calculations, first display the function analysis menu, and then input the values
using the syntax below.
K4(CALC)6(g)3(Σ ( ) a k , k , α , β , n )
β
(
k, k,
,
, n)
k
α
+
α
+1
+........+
β
a
α β
=
a =a
a
a
Σ
Σ
k = α
(n : distance between partitions)
Example
To calculate the following:
6
(
2 – 3 + 5)
k
k
Σ
k = 2
Use n = 1 as the distance between partitions.
AK4(CALC)6(g)3(Σ ( )a,(K)
x-da,(K)+f,
a,(K),c,g,b)w
<Math>
A4(MATH)6(g)2(Σ ( )a,(K)
x-da,(K)+fe
a,(K)ecfgw
# The value of the specified variable changes
during a Σ calculation. Be sure to keep
separate written records of the specified
variable values you might need later before
you perform the calculation.
# Input integers only for the initial term (α ) of
sequence a k and last term (β ) of sequence a k .
# Input of n and the closing parentheses can
be omitted. If you omit n , the calculator
automatically uses n = 1.
# You can use only one variable in the function
for input sequence a k.
# In the Math input mode, the distance between
partitions (n ) is fixed at 1 and cannot be
changed.
20070201
2-5-11
Numerical Calculations
u Σ Calculation Applications
• Arithmetic operations using Σ calculation expressions
n
n
S
n
=
a
k, Tn
=
b
k
Expressions:
Σ
Σ
k = 1
k = 1
Possible operations:
Sn + Tn , Sn – Tn , etc.
• Arithmetic and function operations using Σ calculation results
Sn , log (Sn ), etc.
2
×
• Function operations using Σ calculation terms (a k , k )
(sin , , 1, 5), etc.
k k
Σ
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum
value, Solve, RndFix or log ab calculation
expression inside of a Σ calculation term.
# Make sure that the value used as the final term
β is greater than the value used as the initial
term α . Otherwise, an error will occur.
# To interrupt an ongoing Σ calculation (indicated
when the cursor is not on the display), press the
A key.
20070201
2-5-12
Numerical Calculations
k Maximum/Minimum Value Calculations
[OPTN]-[CALC]-[FMin]/[FMax]
After displaying the function analysis menu, you can input maximum/minimum calculations
using the formats below, and solve for the maximum and minimum of a function within
interval a < x < b .
uMinimum Value
K4(CALC)6(g)1(FMin) f (x ) , a , b , n )
(a : start point of interval, b : end point of interval, n : precision (n = 1 to 9))
uMaximum Value
K4(CALC)6(g)2(FMax) f (x ), a , b , n )
(a : start point of interval, b : end point of interval, n : precision (n = 1 to 9))
Example 1 To determine the minimum value for the interval defined by start
point a = 0 and end point b = 3, with a precision of n = 6 for the
function y = x 2 – 4x + 9
Input f (x ).
AK4(CALC)6(g)1(FMin) vx-ev+j,
Input the interval a = 0, b = 3.
a,d,
Input the precision n = 6.
g)
w
20070201
2-5-13
Numerical Calculations
Example 2 To determine the maximum value for the interval defined by start
point a = 0 and end point b = 3, with a precision of n = 6 for the
function y = –x 2 + 2x + 2
Input f (x ).
AK4(CALC)6(g)2(FMax) -vx+cv+c,
Input the interval a = 0, b = 3.
a,d,
Input the precision n = 6.
g)
w
# In the function f (x ), only X can be used as
a variable in expressions. Other variables
(A through Z excluding X, r , Ƨ) are treated
as constants, and the value currently
assigned to that variable is applied during the
calculation.
# Inputting a larger value for n increases the
precision of the calculation, but it also increases
the amount of time required to perform the
calculation.
# The value you input for the end point of the
interval (b ) must be greater than the value you
input for the start point (a ). Otherwise an error
occurs.
# Input of n and the closing parenthesis can be
omitted.
# Discontinuous points or sections with drastic
fluctuation can adversely affect precision or
even cause an error.
# You can interrupt an ongoing maximum/
minimum calculation by pressing the A key.
# You can input an integer in the range of 1 to 9
for the value of n . Using any value outside this
range causes an error.
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum
value, Solve, RndFix or log ab calculation
expression inside of a maximum/minimum
calculation term.
20070201
2-6-1
Complex Number Calculations
2-6 Complex Number Calculations
You can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, parentheses calculations,
function calculations, and memory calculations with complex numbers just as you do with the
manual calculations described on pages 2-1-1 and 2-4-7.
You can select the complex number calculation mode by changing the Complex Mode item
on the Setup screen to one of the following settings.
• {Real} ... Calculation in the real number range only*1
• {a +bi} ... Performs complex number calculation and displays results in rectangular form
• {r ∠ Ƨ} ... Performs complex number calculation and displays results in polar form*2
Press K3(CPLX) to display the complex calculation number menu, which contains the
following items.
• {i } ... {imaginary unit i input}
• {Abs}/{Arg} ... obtains {absolute value}/{argument}
• {Conj} ... {obtains conjugate}
• {ReP}/{ImP} ... {real}/{imaginary} part extraction
• {'r ∠ Ƨ}/{'a +bi} ... converts the result to {polar}/{rectangular} form
*1 When there is an imaginary number in
the argument, however, complex number
calculation is performed and the result is
displayed using rectangular form.
# Solutions obtained by the Real, a +b i and
r ∠ Ƨ modes are different for power root (x y )
calculations when x < 0 and y = m /n when n is
an odd number.
Examples:
Example:
3x ' (– 8)= – 2 (Real)
= 1 + 1.732050808i (a +b i )
= 2∠ 60 (r ∠ Ƨ)
ln 2i
= 0.6931471806 + 1.570796327i
ln 2i + ln (– 2) = (Non-Real ERROR)
*2 The display range of Ƨ depends on the angle
unit set for the Angle item on the Setup
screen.
# To input the “ ∠ ” operator into the polar
coordinate expression (r ∠ Ƨ), press !v.
• Deg ... –180 < Ƨ < 180
• Rad ... – π < Ƨ < π
• Gra ... –200 < Ƨ < 200
20070201
2-6-2
Complex Number Calculations
k Arithmetic Operations
[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[i ]
Arithmetic operations are the same as those you use for manual calculations.You can even
use parentheses and memory.
Example 1 (1 + 2i ) + (2 + 3i )
AK3(CPLX)
(b+c1(i ))
+(c+d1(i ))w
Example 2 (2 + i ) × (2 – i )
AK3(CPLX)
(c+1(i ))
*(c-1(i ))w
k Reciprocals, Square Roots, and Squares
Example
(3 + i )
AK3(CPLX)
!x(')(d+1(i ))w
k Complex Number Format Using Polar Form
Example
2∠ 30 × 3∠ 45 = 6∠ 75
!m(SET UP)cccccc
1(Deg)c3(r ∠ Ƨ)J
Ac!v(∠ )da*d
!v(∠ )efw
# You can also use !a(i ) in place of
K3(CPLX)1(i ).
20070201
2-6-3
Complex Number Calculations
k Absolute Value and Argument
[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[Abs]/[Arg]
The unit regards a complex number in the form a + b i as a coordinate on a Gaussian plane,
and calculates absolute value Z and argument (arg).
⎮ ⎮
Example
To calculate absolute value (r ) and argument (Ƨ) for the complex
number 3 + 4i , with the angle unit set for degrees
Imaginary axis
Real axis
AK3(CPLX)2(Abs)
(d+e1(i ))w
(Calculation of absolute value)
AK3(CPLX)3(Arg)
(d+e1(i ))w
(Calculation of argument)
k Conjugate Complex Numbers
[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[Conj]
A complex number of the form a + b i becomes a conjugate complex number of the form
a – b i .
Example
To calculate the conjugate complex number for the complex number 2
+ 4i
AK3(CPLX)4(Conj)
(c+e1(i ))w
# The result of the argument calculation differs
in accordance with the current angle unit
setting (degrees, radians, grads).
20070201
2-6-4
Complex Number Calculations
k Extraction of Real and Imaginary Parts
[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[ReP]/[lmP]
Use the following procedure to extract the real part a and the imaginary part b from a
complex number of the form a + bi .
Example
To extract the real and imaginary parts of the complex number 2 + 5i
AK3(CPLX)6(g)1(ReP)
(c+f6(g)1(i ))w
(Real part extraction)
AK3(CPLX)6(g)2(ImP)
(c+f6(g)1(i ))w
(Imaginary part extraction)
# The input/output range of complex numbers
is normally 10 digits for the mantissa and two
digits for the exponent.
# The following functions can be used with
complex numbers.
', x 2, x –1, ^(x y ), 3', x ', In, log, log b, 10x , e x ,
a
# When a complex number has more than 21
digits, the real part and imaginary part are
displayed on separate lines.
Int, Frac, Rnd, Intg, RndFix(, Fix, Sci, ENG,
ENG, ° ’ ”,
, a b /c , d /c
° ’ ”
# When either the real part or imaginary part
of a complex number equals zero, that part is
not displayed in rectangular form.
20070201
2-6-5
Complex Number Calculations
k Polar and Rectangular Form Transformation
[OPTN]-[CPLX]-['r ∠ Ƨ]/['a +bi]
Use the following procedure to transform a complex number displayed in rectangular form to
polar form, and vice versa.
Example
To transform the rectangular form of complex number 1 + '3 i to its
polar form
!m(SET UP)cccccc
1(Deg)c2(a +b i )J
Ab+(!x(')d)
K3(CPLX)1(i )6(g)3('r ∠ θ )w
Ac!v(∠ )ga
K3(CPLX)6(g)4('a +b i )w
20070201
2-7-1
Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers
2-7 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal
Calculations with Integers
•
You can use the RUN MAT mode and binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal settings to
perform calculations that involve binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal values.You can also
convert between number systems and perform bitwise operations.
• You cannot use scientific functions in binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
calculations.
• You can use only integers in binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal calculations, which
means that fractional values are not allowed. If you input a value that includes a decimal
part, the calculator automatically cuts off the decimal part.
• If you attempt to enter a value that is invalid for the number system (binary, octal,
decimal, hexadecimal) you are using, the calculator displays an error message. The
following shows the numerals that can be used in each number system.
Binary: 0, 1
Octal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Hexadecimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
• Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are produced using the two’s complement
of the original value.
• The following are the display capacities for each of the number systems.
Number System
Binary
Display Capacity
16 digits
Octal
11 digits
Decimal
10 digits
Hexadecimal
8 digits
# The alphabetic characters used in the
Normal Text
A
B
C
D
E
F
hexadecimal number appear differently on
the display to distinguish them from text
characters.
u
v
w
x
y
z
Hexadecimal Values
Keys
20070201
2-7-2
Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers
• The following are the calculation ranges for each of the number systems.
Binary Values
Positive: 0 < x < 111111111111111
Negative: 1000000000000000 < x < 1111111111111111
Octal Values
Positive: 0 < x < 17777777777
Negative: 20000000000 < x < 37777777777
Decimal Values
Positive: 0 < x < 2147483647
Negative: –2147483648 < x < –1
Hexadecimal Values
Positive: 0 < x < 7FFFFFFF
Negative: 80000000 < x < FFFFFFFF
u To perform a binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal calculation
[SET UP]-[Mode]-[Dec]/[Hex]/[Bin]/[Oct]
•
1. In the Main Menu, select RUN MAT.
2. Press !m(SET UP)c and then specify the default number system by pressing
2(Dec), 3(Hex), 4(Bin), or 5(Oct) for the Mode setting.
3. Press J to change to the screen for calculation input. This causes a function menu
with the following items to appear.
• {d~o}/{LOG}/{DISP} ... {number system specification}/{bitwise operation}/
{decimal/hexadecimal/binary/octal conversion} menu
20070201
2-7-3
Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers
k Selecting a Number System
You can specify decimal, hexadecimal, binary, or octal as the default number system using
the Setup screen.
u To specify a number system for an input value
You can specify a number system for each individual value you input. Press 1(d~o) to
display a menu of number system symbols. Press the function key that corresponds to the
symbol you want to select and then input the value.
• {d}/{h}/{b}/{o} ... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal}
u To input values of mixed number systems
Example
To input 12310 or 10102, when the default number system is
hexadecimal
!m(SET UP)c3(Hex)J
A1(d~o)1(d)bcdw
3(b)babaw
k Arithmetic Operations
Example 1 To calculate 101112 + 110102
!m(SET UP)c4(Bin)J
Ababbb+
bbabaw
20070201
2-7-4
Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers
Example 2 To input and execute 1238 × ABC16, when the default number system is
decimal or hexadecimal
!m(SET UP)c2(Dec)J
A1(d~o)4(o)bcd*
2(h)ABC*1w
J3(DISP)2('Hex)w
k Negative Values and Bitwise Operations
Press 2(LOG) to display a menu of negation and bitwise operators.
• {Neg} ... {negation}*2
• {Not}/{and}/{or}/{xor}/{xnor} ... {NOT}*3/{AND}/{OR}/{XOR}/{XNOR}*4
u Negative Values
Example
To determine the negative of 1100102
!m(SET UP)c4(Bin)J
A2(LOG)1(Neg)
bbaabaw
u Bitwise Operations
Example 1 To input and execute “12016 and AD16”
!m(SET UP)c3(Hex)J
Abca2(LOG)
3(and)AD*1w
*1 See page 2-7-1.
# Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal
values are produced by taking the binary two’s
complement and then returning the result to the
original number base. With the decimal number
base, negative values are displayed with a
minus sign.
*2 two’s complement
*3 one’s complement (bitwise complement)
*4 bitwise AND, bitwise OR, bitwise XOR,
bitwise XNOR
20070201
2-7-5
Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers
Example 2 To display the result of “368 or 11102” as an octal value
!m(SET UP)c5(Oct)J
Adg2(LOG)
4(or)J1(d~o)3(b)
bbbaw
Example 3 To negate 2FFFED16
!m(SET UP)c3(Hex)J
A2(LOG)2(Not)
cFFFED*1w
u Number System Transformation
Press 3(DISP) to display a menu of number system transformation functions.
• {'Dec}/{'Hex}/{'Bin}/{'Oct} ... transformation of displayed value to its {decimal}/
{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal} equivalent
u To convert a displayed value from one number system to another
Example
To convert 2210 (default number system) to its binary or octal value
A!m(SET UP)c2(Dec)J
1(d~o)1(d)ccw
J3(DISP)3('Bin)w
4('Oct)w
*1See page 2-7-1.
20070201
2-8-1
Matrix Calculations
2-8 Matrix Calculations
•
From the Main Menu, enter the RUN MAT mode, and press 1('MAT) to perform Matrix
calculations.
26 matrix memories (Mat A through Mat Z) plus a Matrix Answer Memory (MatAns), make it
possible to perform the following matrix operations.
• Addition, subtraction, multiplication
• Scalar multiplication calculations
• Determinant calculations
• Matrix transposition
• Matrix inversion
• Matrix squaring
• Raising a matrix to a specific power
• Absolute value, integer part extraction, fractional part extraction, maximum integer
calculations
• Matrix modification using matrix commands
The maximum number of rows that can be specified for a matrix is 255, and the maximum
number of columns is 255.
• Whenever you perform a matrix calculation,
the current Matrix Answer Memory contents
are replaced by the new result. The previous
contents are deleted and cannot be recovered.
# About Matrix Answer Memory (MatAns)
The calculator automatically stores matrix
calculation results in Matrix Answer
Memory. Note the following points about
Matrix Answer Memory.
• Inputting values into a matrix does not affect
Matrix Answer Memory contents.
20070201
2-8-2
Matrix Calculations
k Inputting and Editing Matrices
Pressing 1('MAT) displays the Matrix Editor screen. Use the Matrix Editor to input and
edit matrices.
m × n … m (row) × n (column) matrix
None… no matrix preset
• {DEL}/{DEL·A} ... deletes {a specific matrix}/{all matrices}
• {DIM} ... {specifies the matrix dimensions (number of cells)}
u Creating a Matrix
To create a matrix, you must first define its dimensions (size) in the Matrix Editor. Then you
can input values into the matrix.
u To specify the dimensions (size) of a matrix
Example
To create a 2-row × 3-column matrix in the area named Mat B
Highlight Mat B.
c
3(DIM) (This step can be omitted.)
Specify the number of rows.
cw
Specify the number of columns.
dw
w
• All of the cells of a new matrix contain the value 0.
# If “Memory ERROR” remains next to the
matrix area name after you input the
dimensions, it means there is not enough free
memory to create the matrix you want.
20070201
2-8-3
Matrix Calculations
u To input cell values
Example
To input the following data into Matrix B :
1
4
2
5
3
6
The following operation is a continuation of the example calculation on the previous page.
bwcwdw
ewfwgw
(Data is input into the highlighted cell.
Each time you press w, the highlighting
moves to the next cell to the right.)
To exit the Matrix input screen, press J.
# You cannot input complex numbers into the
cell of a matrix.
# You can see the entire value assigned to
a cell by using the cursor keys to move the
highlighting to the cell whose value you want
to view.
# Displayed cell values show positive
integers up to six digits, and negative
integers up to five digits (one digit used
for the negative sign). Exponential values
are shown with up to two digits for the
exponent. Fractional values are not
displayed.
20070201
2-8-4
Matrix Calculations
uDeleting Matrices
You can delete either a specific matrix or all matrices in memory.
u To delete a specific matrix
1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display, use f and c to highlight the matrix you
want to delete.
2. Press 1(DEL).
3. Press 1(Yes) to delete the matrix or 6(No) to abort the operation without deleting
anything.
u To delete all matrices
1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display, press 2(DEL·A).
2. Press 1(Yes) to delete all matrices in memory or 6(No) to abort the operation
without deleting anything.
# The indicator “None” replaces the
dimensions of the matrix you delete.
# Inputting the format or changing the dimensions
of a matrix deletes its current contents.
20070201
2-8-5
Matrix Calculations
k Matrix Cell Operations
Use the following procedure to prepare a matrix for cell operations.
1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display, use f and c to highlight the name of the
matrix you want to use.
You can jump to a specific matrix by inputting the letter that corresponds to the matrix
name. Inputting ai(N), for example, jumps to Mat N.
Pressing !-(Ans) jumps to the Matrix current Memory.
2. Press w and the function menu with the following items appears.
• {R-OP} ... {row operation menu}
• {ROW}
• {DEL}/{INS}/{ADD} ... row {delete}/{insert}/{add}
• {COL}
• {DEL}/{INS}/{ADD} ... column {delete}/{insert}/{add}
• {EDIT} ... {cell editing screen}
All of the following examples use Matrix A.
u Row Calculations
The following menu appears whenever you press 1(R-OP) while a recalled matrix is on the
display.
• {Swap} ... {row swap}
• {× Rw} ... {product of specified row and scalar}
• {× Rw+} ... {addition of one row and the product of a specified row with a scalar}
• {Rw+} ... {addition of specified row to another row}
u To swap two rows
Example
To swap rows two and three of the following matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
1(R-OP)1(Swap)
Input the number of the rows you want to swap.
cwdw
6(EXE) (or w)
20070201
2-8-6
Matrix Calculations
u To calculate the scalar multiplication of a row
Example
To calculate the product of row 2 of the following matrix and the scalar
4 :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
1(R-OP)2(× Rw)
Input multiplier value.
ew
Specify row number.
cw
6(EXE) (or w)
u To calculate the scalar multiplication of a row and add the result to another
row
Example
To calculate the product of row 2 of the following matrix and the scalar
4, then add the result to row 3 :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
1(R-OP)3(× Rw+)
Input multiplier value.
ew
Specify number of row whose product should be
calculated.
cw
Specify number of row where result should be added.
dw
6(EXE) (or w)
20070201
2-8-7
Matrix Calculations
u To add two rows together
Example
To add row 2 to row 3 of the following matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
1(R-OP)4(Rw+)
Specify number of row to be added.
cw
Specify number of row to be added to.
dw
6(EXE) (or w)
u Row Operations
• {DEL} ... {delete row}
• {INS} ... {insert row}
• {ADD} ... {add row}
u To delete a row
Example
To delete row 2 of the following matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
c
2(ROW)1(DEL)
20070201
2-8-8
Matrix Calculations
u To insert a row
Example
To insert a new row between rows one and two of the following matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
c
2(ROW)2(INS)
u To add a row
Example
To add a new row below row 3 of the following matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
cc
2(ROW)3(ADD)
20070201
2-8-9
Matrix Calculations
uColumn Operations
• {DEL} ... {delete column}
• {INS} ... {insert column}
• {ADD} ... {add column}
u To delete a column
Example
To delete column 2 of the following matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
e
3(COL)1(DEL)
u To insert a column
Example
To insert a new column between columns 1 and 2 of the following
matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
e
3(COL)2(INS)
20070201
2-8-10
Matrix Calculations
u To add a column
Example
To add a new column to the right of column 2 of the following
matrix:
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
e
3(COL)3(ADD)
k Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands
[OPTN]-[MAT]
u To display the matrix commands
•
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN MAT mode.
2. Press K to display the option menu.
3. Press 2(MAT) to display the matrix command menu.
The following describes only the matrix command menu items that are used for creating
matrices and inputting matrix data.
• {Mat} ... {Mat command (matrix specification)}
• {M→ L} ... {Mat→ List command (assign contents of selected column to list file)}
• {Det} ... {Det command (determinant command)}
• {Trn} ... {Trn command (transpose matrix command)}
• {Aug} ... {Augment command (link two matrices)}
• {Iden} ... {Identity command (identity matrix input)}
• {Dim} ... {Dim command (dimension check)}
• {Fill} ... {Fill command (identical cell values)}
• {Ref} ... {Ref command (row echelon form command)}
• {Rref} ... {Rref command (reduced row echelon form command)}
20080201
2-8-11
Matrix Calculations
u Matrix Data Input Format
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat]
The following shows the format you should use when inputting data to create a matrix using
the Mat command.
a11
a21
a12 ... a1n
a22 ... a2n
a
m1
am2 ... amn
= [ [a11, a12, ..., a1n ] [a21, a22, ..., a2n ] .... [am 1, am 2, ..., amn] ]
Mat [letter A through Z]
→
Example 1 To input the following data as Matrix A :
1
2
3
4
5
6
!+( [ )!+( [ )b,d,f
!-( ] )!+( [ )c,e,g
!-( ] )!-( ] )aK2(MAT)
1(Mat)av(A)
w
Matrix name
# An error occurs if memory becomes full as you
are inputting data.
# You can also use !c(Mat) in place of
K2(MAT)1(Mat).
# You can also use the above format inside a
program that inputs matrix data.
# The maximum value of both m and n is 255.
20070201
2-8-12
Matrix Calculations
u To input an identity matrix
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Iden]
Use the Identity command to create an identity matrix.
Example 2 To create a 3 × 3 identity matrix as Matrix A
K2(MAT)6(g)1(Iden)
da6(g)1(Mat)av(A)w
Number of rows/columns
u To check the dimensions of a matrix
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Dim]
Use the Dim command to check the dimensions of an existing matrix.
Example 3 To check the dimensions of Matrix A, which was input in
Example 1
K2(MAT)6(g)2(Dim)
6(g)1(Mat)av(A)w
The display shows that Matrix A consists of two rows and three columns.
Since the result of the Dim command is list type data, it is stored in ListAns memory.
You can also use {Dim} to specify the dimensions of the matrix.
Example 4 To specify dimensions of 2 rows and 3 columns for Matrix B
!*( ꢀ )c,d!/( ꢁ )a
K2(MAT)6(g)2(Dim)
6(g)1(Mat)al(B)w
20070201
2-8-13
Matrix Calculations
uModifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands
You can also use matrix commands to assign values to and recall values from an existing
matrix, to fill in all cells of an existing matrix with the same value, to combine two matrices
into a single matrix, and to assign the contents of a matrix column to a list file.
u To assign values to and recall values from an existing matrix
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat]
Use the following format with the Mat command to specify a cell for value assignment and
recall.
Mat X [m , n ]
X ...................................matrix name (A through Z, or Ans)
m ...................................row number
n ....................................column number
Example 1 Assign 10 to the cell at row 1, column 2 of the following matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
baaK2(MAT)1(Mat)
av(A)!+( ꢂ )b,c
!-( ꢃ )w
JJ1('MAT)w
Example 2 Multiply the value in the cell at row 2, column 2 of the above
matrix by 5
K2(MAT)1(Mat)
av(A)!+( ꢂ )c,c
!-( ꢃ )*fw
20070201
2-8-14
Matrix Calculations
u To fill a matrix with identical values and to combine two matrices into a
single matrix
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Fill]/[Aug]
Use the Fill command to fill all the cells of an existing matrix with an identical value and the
Augment command to combine two existing matrices into a single matrix.
Example 1 To fill all of the cells of Matrix A with the value 3
K2(MAT)6(g)3(Fill)
d,6(g)1(Mat)av(A)w
1(Mat)av(A)w
Example 2 To combine the following two matrices :
1
2
3
4
A =
B =
K2(MAT)5(Aug)
1(Mat)av(A),
1(Mat)al(B)w
# The two matrices you combine must have
the same number of rows. An error occurs
if you try to combine two matrices that have
different number of rows.
# You can use Matrix Answer Memory to assign
the results of the above matrix input and edit
operations to a matrix variable. To do so, use the
following syntax.
• Fill (n , Mat α ) → Mat β
• Augment (Mat α , Mat β ) → Mat γ
In the above, α , β , and γ are any variable
names A through Z, and n is any value.
The above does not affect the contents of Matrix
Answer Memory.
20070201
2-8-15
Matrix Calculations
u To assign the contents of a matrix column to a list
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[M→ L]
Use the following format with the Mat→ List command to specify a column and a list.
Mat → List (Mat X, m ) → List n
X = matrix name (A through Z, or Ans)
m = column number
n = list number
Example
To assign the contents of column 2 of the following matrix to list 1 :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
K2(MAT)2(M→ L)
1(Mat)av(A),c)
aK1(LIST)1(List)bw
1(List)bw
# You can also use !b(List) in place of
K1(LIST)1(List).
20070201
2-8-16
Matrix Calculations
k Matrix Calculations
[OPTN]-[MAT]
Use the matrix command menu to perform matrix calculation operations.
u To display the matrix commands
•
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN MAT mode.
2. Press K to display the option menu.
3. Press 2(MAT) to display the matrix command menu.
The following describes only the matrix commands that are used for matrix arithmetic
operations.
• {Mat} ... {Mat command (matrix specification)}
• {Det} ... {Det command (determinant command)}
• {Trn} ... {Trn command (transpose matrix command)}
• {Iden} ... {Identity command (identity matrix input)}
• {Ref} ... {Ref command (row echelon form command)}
• {Rref} ... {Rref command (reduced row echelon form command)}
All of the following examples assume that matrix data is already stored in memory.
20080201
2-8-17
Matrix Calculations
uMatrix Arithmetic Operations
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat]/[Iden]
Example 1 To add the following two matrices (Matrix A + Matrix B) :
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
A =
B =
AK2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)+
1(Mat)al(B)w
Example 2 Calculate the product to the following matrix using a multiplier value
of 5 :
1
3
2
4
Matrix A =
AfK2(MAT)1(Mat)
av(A)w
Example 3 To multiply the two matrices in Example 1 (Matrix A × Matrix B)
AK2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)*
1(Mat)al(B)w
Example 4 To multiply Matrix A (from Example 1) by a 2 × 2 identity matrix
AK2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)*
6(g)1(Iden)cw
Number of rows and columns
# The two matrices must have the same
dimensions in order to be added or
subtracted. An error occurs if you try
to add or subtract matrices of different
dimensions.
# When performing matrix arithmetic operations,
inputting the Identity command at the location
of a matrix command (such as Mat A) makes it
possible to perform identity matrix calculations.
# For multiplication (Matrix 1 × Matrix 2), the
number of columns in Matrix 1 must match
the number of rows in Matrix 2. Otherwise,
an error occurs.
20070201
2-8-18
Matrix Calculations
uDeterminant
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Det]
Example
Obtain the determinant for the following matrix :
1
4
2
5
3
6
0
Matrix A =
−1 −2
K2(MAT)3(Det)1(Mat)
av(A)w
uMatrix Transposition
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Trn]
A matrix is transposed when its rows become columns and its columns become rows.
Example
To transpose the following matrix :
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
K2(MAT)4(Trn)1(Mat)
av(A)w
# Determinants can be obtained only for
square matrices (same number of rows and
columns). Trying to obtain a determinant for a
matrix that is not square produces an error.
# The determinant of a 3 × 3 matrix is calculated
as shown below.
a11 a12 a13
a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33
|A| =
# The determinant of a 2 × 2 matrix is
calculated as shown below.
= a11a22a33 + a12a23a31 + a13a21a32
– a11a23a32 – a12a21a33 – a13a22a31
a11 a12
|A| =
= a11a22 – a12a21
a21 a22
20070201
2-8-19
Matrix Calculations
u Row Echelon Form
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Ref]
This command uses the Gaussian elimination algorithm to find the row echelon form of a
matrix.
Example
To find the row echelon form of the following matrix:
1
4
2
5
3
6
Matrix A =
K2(MAT)6(g)4(Ref)
1(Mat)av(A)w
u Reduced Row Echelon Form
[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Rref]
This command finds the reduced row echelon form of a matrix.
Example
To find the reduced row echelon form of the following matrix:
2
1
0
−1
1
3
19
Matrix A =
−5 −21
4
3
0
K2(MAT)6(g)5(Rref)
1(Mat)av(A)w
# The row echelon form and reduced row
echelon form operation may not produce
accurate results due to dropped digits.
20080201
2-8-20
Matrix Calculations
u Matrix Inversion
[x –1]
Example
To invert the following matrix:
1
3
2
4
Matrix A =
K2(MAT)1(Mat)
av(A)!)(x –1)w
u Squaring a Matrix
[x 2]
Example
To square the following matrix:
1
3
2
4
Matrix A =
K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)xw
# Only square matrices (same number of rows
and columns) can be inverted. Trying to invert
a matrix that is not square produces an error.
# A matrix being inverted must satisfy the
conditions shown below.
1
0
0
1
A A–1 = A–1 A = E =
# A matrix with a determinant of zero cannot
be inverted. Trying to invert a matrix with
determinant of zero produces an error.
The following shows the formula used to
invert Matrix A into inverse matrix A–1.
# Calculation precision is affected for matrices
whose determinant is near zero.
a
c
b
d
A =
1
A–1=
d –b
–c
Note that ad – bc ≠ 0.
ad – bc
a
28
2-8-21
Matrix Calculations
uRaising a Matrix to a Power
[ ]
Example
To raise the following matrix to the third power:
1
3
2
4
Matrix A =
K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)
Mdw
uDetermining the Absolute Value, Integer Part, Fraction Part, and
Maximum Integer of a Matrix
[OPTN]-[NUM]-[Abs]/[Frac]/[Int]/[Intg]
Example
To determine the absolute value of the following matrix:
1 –2
–3
Matrix A =
4
K6(g)4(NUM)1(Abs)
K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)w
# Determinants and inverse matrices are
subject to error due to dropped digits.
# You can use the following operation to transfer
Matrix Answer Memory contents to another
matrix (or when Matrix Answer Memory
contains a determinant to a variable).
# Matrix operations are performed
individually on each cell, so calculations
may require considerable time to complete.
MatAns → Mat α
# The calculation precision of displayed
results for matrix calculations is 1 at the
least significant digit.
In the above, α is any variable name A through
Z. The above does not affect the contents of
Matrix Answer Memory.
# If a matrix calculation result is too large
to fit into Matrix Answer Memory, an error
occurs.
# For matrix power calculations, calculation is
possible up to a power of 32766.
28
2-8-22
Matrix Calculations
k Performing Matrix Calculations Using Natural Input
u To specify the dimensions (size) of a matrix
•
1. In the RUN MAT mode, press !m(SET UP)1(Math)J.
2. Press 4(MATH) to display the MATH menu.
3. Press 1(MAT) to display the following menu.
• {2× 2} … {inputs a 2 × 2 matrix}
• {3× 3} … {inputs a 3 × 3 matrix}
• {m × n } … {inputs an m -row × n -column matrix (up to 6 × 6)}
Example
To create a 2-row × 3-column matrix
3(m × n )
Specify the number of rows.
cw
Specify the number of columns.
dw
w
20080201
2-8-23
Matrix Calculations
u To input cell values
Example
To perform the calculation shown below
1
1
33
6
2
× 8
13
4
'5
The following operation is a continuation of the example calculation on the previous page.
be$bcceedde
$bdceee!x(')f
eege*iw
u To assign a matrix created using natural input to a MAT mode matrix
Example
To assign the calculation result to Mat J
!c(Mat)!-(Ans)a
!c(Mat)a)(J)w
# Pressing the D key while the cursor is
located at the top (upper left) of the matrix
will delete the entire matrix.
D
⇒
28
Chapter
3
List Function
A list is a storage place for multiple data items.
This calculator lets you store up to 26 lists in a single file, and
you can store up to six files in memory. Stored lists can be
used in arithmetic and statistical calculations, and for graphing.
Element number
Display range
Cell
Column
List 5
List 1
SUB
List 2
List 3
List 4
List 26
List name
Sub name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
56
37
21
69
40
48
93
1
2
4
107
75
122
87
298
48
338
3.5
6
2.1
4.4
3
4
0
0
2
0
3
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
16
32
64
6.8
2
Row
8
30
128
49
8.7
0
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3-1 Inputting and Editing a List
3-2 Manipulating List Data
3-3 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists
3-4 Switching Between List Files
20070201
3-1-1
Inputting and Editing a List
3-1 Inputting and Editing a List
When you enter the STAT mode, the “List Editor” will appear first.You can use the List Editor
to input data into a list and to perform a variety of other list data operations.
u To input values one-by-one
Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the list name, sub name or cell you want to
select.
The screen automatically scrolls when the highlighting is located at either edge of the screen.
The following example is performed starting with the highlighting located at Cell 1 of List 1.
1. Input a value and press w to store it in the list.
dw
• The highlighting automatically moves down to the
next cell for input.
2. Input the value 4 in the second cell, and then input the result of 2 + 3 in the next cell.
ewc+dw
# You can also input the result of an expression
or a complex number into a cell.
# You can input values up to 999 cells in a single
list.
20070201
3-1-2
Inputting and Editing a List
u To batch input a series of values
1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to another list.
2. Press !*( { ), and then input the values you want, pressing , between each one.
Press !/( } ) after inputting the final value.
!*( { )g,h,i!/( } )
3. Press w to store all of the values in your list.
w
You can also use list names inside of a mathematical expression to input values into another
cell. The following example shows how to add the values in each row in List 1 and List 2, and
input the result into List 3.
1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the name of the list where you want the
calculation results to be input.
2. Press K and input the expression.
K1(LIST)1(List)b+
K1(LIST)1(List)cw
# Remember that a comma separates values, so
you should not input a comma after the final value
of the set you are inputting.
# You can also use !b(List) in place of
K1(LIST)1(List).
Right: {34, 53, 78}
Wrong: {34, 53, 78,}
20070201
3-1-3
Inputting and Editing a List
k Editing List Values
u To change a cell value
Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the cell whose value you want to change.
Input the new value and press w to replace the old data with the new one.
u To edit the contents of a cell
1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the cell whose contents you want to
edit.
2. Press 6(g)2(EDIT).
3. Make any changes in the data you want.
u To delete a cell
1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the cell you want to delete.
2. Press 6(g)3(DEL) to delete the selected cell and cause everything below it to be
shifted up.
# The cell delete operation does not affect cells
in other lists. If the data in the list whose cell
you delete is somehow related to the data
in neighboring lists, deleting a cell can cause
related values to become misaligned.
20070201
3-1-4
Inputting and Editing a List
u To delete all cells in a list
Use the following procedure to delete all the data in a list.
1. Use the cursor key to move the highlighting to any cell of the list whose data you want
to delete.
•
2. Pressing 6(g)4(DEL A) causes a confirmation message to appear.
3. Press 1(Yes) to delete all the cells in the selected list or 6(No) to abort the delete
operation without deleting anything.
u To insert a new cell
1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the location where you want to insert
the new cell.
2. Press 6(g)5(INS) to insert a new cell, which contains a value of 0, causing
everything below it to be shifted down.
# The cell insert operation does not affect cells
in other lists. If the data in the list where you
insert a cell is somehow related to the data in
neighboring lists, inserting a cell can cause related
values to become misaligned.
20070201
3-1-5
Inputting and Editing a List
k Naming a List
You can assign List 1 through List 26 “sub names” of up to eight bytes each.
u To name a list
1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Sub Name” and then press 1(On)J.
2. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the SUB cell of the list you want to
name.
3. Type in the name and then press w.
• To type in a name using alpha characters, press !a to enter the ALPHA-LOCK
mode.
Example:YEAR
-(Y)c(E)v(A)g(R)
•
• The following operation displays a sub name in the RUN MAT mode.
!b(List) n !+( [ )a!-( ] )w
(n = list number from 1 to 26)
# Though you can input up to 8 bytes for the
sub name, only the characters that can fit
within the List Editor cell will be displayed.
# The List Editor SUB cell is not displayed when
“Off” is selected for “Sub Name” on the Setup
screen.
20070201
3-1-6
Inputting and Editing a List
k Sorting List Values
You can sort lists into either ascending or descending order. The highlighting can be located
in any cell of the list.
u To sort a single list
Ascending order
•
1. While the lists are on the screen, press 6(g)1(TOOL)1(SRT A).
2. The prompt “How Many Lists?:” appears to ask how many lists you want to sort. Here
we will input 1 to indicate we want to sort only one list.
bw
3. In response to the “Select List List No:” prompt, input the number of the list you want to
sort.
bw
Descending order
Use the same procedure as that for the ascending order sort. The only difference is that
•
•
you should press 2(SRT D) in place of 1(SRT A).
20070201
3-1-7
Inputting and Editing a List
u To sort multiple lists
You can link multiple lists together for a sort so that all of their cells are rearranged in
accordance with the sorting of a base list. The base list is sorted into either ascending
order or descending order, while the cells of the linked lists are arranged so that the relative
relationship of all the rows is maintained.
Ascending order
•
1. While the lists are on the screen, press 6(g)1(TOOL)1(SRT A).
2. The prompt “How Many Lists?:” appears to ask how many lists you want to sort. Here
we will sort one base list linked to one other list, so we should input 2.
cw
3. In response to the “Select Base List List No:” prompt, input the number of the list you
want to sort into ascending order. Here we will specify List 1.
bw
4. In response to the “Select Second List List No:” prompt, input the number of the list
you want to link to the base list. Here we will specify List 2.
cw
20070201
3-1-8
Inputting and Editing a List
Descending order
Use the same procedure as that for the ascending order sort. The only difference is that
•
•
you should press 2(SRT D) in place of 1(SRT A).
# You can specify a value from 1 to 6 as the
number of lists for sorting.
# If you specify a list more than once for a single
sort operation, an error occurs.
An error also occurs if lists specified for sorting
do not have the same number of values (rows).
20070201
3-2-1
Manipulating List Data
3-2 Manipulating List Data
List data can be used in arithmetic and function calculations. In addition, various list data
manipulation functions make manipulation of list data quick and easy.
•
You can use list data manipulation functions in the RUN MAT, STAT, TABLE, EQUA and
PRGM modes.
k Accessing the List Data Manipulation Function Menu
•
All of the following examples are performed after entering the RUN MAT mode.
Press K and then 1(LIST) to display the list data manipulation menu, which contains the
following items.
• {List}/{L→ M}/{Dim}/{Fill}/{Seq}/{Min}/{Max}/{Mean}/{Med}/{Aug}/{Sum}/{Prod}/{Cuml}/
{%}/{A}
Note that all closing parentheses at the end of the following operations can be omitted.
u To transfer list contents to Matrix Answer Memory
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[L→ M]
K1(LIST)2(L→ M)1(List) <list number 1-26>
,1(List) <list number 1-26> ... ,1(List) <list number 1-26> )w
• You can skip input 1(List) in the part of the above operation.
• All the lists must contain the same number of data items. If they don’t, an error occurs.
Example: List → Mat (1, 2)w
Example
To transfer the contents of List 1 (2, 3, 6, 5, 4) to column 1, and the
contents of List 2 (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) to column 2 of Matrix Answer
Memory
AK1(LIST)2(L→ M)
1(List)b,
1(List)c)w
20070201
3-2-2
Manipulating List Data
u To count the number of data items in a list
K1(LIST)3(Dim)1(List) <list number 1-26> w
• The number of cells a list contains is its “dimension.”
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Dim]
Example
To count the number of values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)
AK1(LIST)3(Dim)
1(List)bw
u To create a list or matrix by specifying the number of data items
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Dim]
Use the following procedure to specify the number of data in the assignment statement
and create a list.
<number of data n >aK1(LIST)3(Dim)1(List)
<list number 1-26>w
n = 1 - 999
Example
To create five data items (each of which contains 0) in List 1
AfaK1(LIST)3(Dim)
1(List) bw
You can view the newly created list by entering
the STAT mode.
Use the following procedure to specify the number of data rows and columns, and the matrix
name in the assignment statement and create a matrix.
!*( { )<number of row m > ,<number of column n > !/( } )a
K1(LIST)3(Dim)K2(MAT)1(Mat)a<matrix name>w
m , n = 1 - 255, matrix name: A - Z
20070201
3-2-3
Manipulating List Data
Example
To create a 2-row × 3-column matrix (each cell of which contains 0) in
Matrix A
A!*( { )c,d!/( } )a
K1(LIST)3(Dim)
K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)w
The following shows the new contents of Mat A.
u To replace all data items with the same value
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Fill]
K1(LIST)4(Fill) <value>,1(List) <list number 1-26>)w
Example
To replace all data items in List 1 with the number 3
AK1(LIST)4(Fill)
d,1(List)b)w
The following shows the new contents of List 1.
u To generate a sequence of numbers
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Seq]
K1(LIST)5(Seq) <expression> , <variable name> , <start value>
, <end value> , <increment> ) w
• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.
Example
To input the number sequence 12, 62, 112, into a list, using the function
f (x ) = X2. Use a starting value of 1, an ending value of 11, and an
increment of 5
AK1(LIST)5(Seq)vx,
v,b,bb,f)w
Specifying an ending value of 12, 13, 14, or 15 produces the same result as shown above,
because all of them are less than the value produced by the next increment (16).
20070201
3-2-4
Manipulating List Data
u To find the minimum value in a list
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Min]
K1(LIST)6(g)1(Min)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1-26> )w
Example
To find the minimum value in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)
AK1(LIST)6(g)1(Min)
6(g)6(g)1(List)b)w
u To find the maximum value in a list
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Max]
Use the same procedure as when finding the minimum value (Min), except press
6(g)2(Max) in place of 6(g)1(Min).
u To find which of two lists contains the smallest value
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Min]
K1(LIST)6(g)1(Min)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1-26>
,1(List) <list number 1-26>)w
• The two lists must contain the same number of data items. If they don’t, an error occurs.
• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.
Example
To find whether List 1 (75, 16, 98, 46, 56) or List 2 (35, 59, 58, 72, 67)
contains the smallest value
K1(LIST)6(g)1(Min)
6(g)6(g)1(List)b,
1(List)c)w
u To find which of two lists contains the greatest value
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Max]
Use the same procedure as that for the smallest value, except press 6(g)2(Max) in
place of 6(g)1(Min).
• The two lists must contain the same number of data items. If they don’t, an error occurs.
• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.
20070201
3-2-5
Manipulating List Data
u To calculate the mean of data items
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Mean]
K1(LIST)6(g)3(Mean)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1-26>)w
Example
To calculate the mean of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)
AK1(LIST)6(g)3(Mean)
6(g)6(g)1(List)b)w
u To calculate the mean of data items of specified frequency
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Mean]
This procedure uses two lists: one that contains values and one that indicates the frequency
(number of occurrences) of each value. The frequency of the data in Cell 1 of the first list is
indicated by the value in Cell 1 of the second list, etc.
• The two lists must contain the same number of data items. If they don’t, an error occurs.
K1(LIST)6(g)3(Mean)6(g)6(g)1(List)<list number 1-26 (data)>
,1(List)<list number 1-26 (frequency)>)w
Example
To calculate the mean of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56), whose
frequency is indicated by List 2 (75, 89, 98, 72, 67)
AK1(LIST)6(g)3(Mean)
6(g)6(g)1(List)b,
1(List)c)w
u To calculate the median of data items in a list
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Med]
K1(LIST)6(g)4(Med)6(g)6(g)1(List)<list number 1-26>
)w
Example
To calculate the median of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)
AK1(LIST)6(g)4(Med)
6(g)6(g)1(List)b)w
20070201
3-2-6
Manipulating List Data
u To calculate the median of data items of specified frequency
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Med]
This procedure uses two lists: one that contains values and one that indicates the frequency
(number of occurrences) of each value. The frequency of the data in Cell 1 of the first list is
indicated by the value in Cell 1 of the second list, etc.
• The two lists must contain the same number of data items. If they don’t, an error occurs.
K1(LIST)6(g)4(Med)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1-26 (data)>
,1(List) <list number 1-26 (frequency)>)w
Example
To calculate the median of values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56), whose
frequency is indicated by List 2 (75, 89, 98, 72, 67)
AK1(LIST)6(g)4(Med)
6(g)6(g)1(List)b,
1(List)c)w
u To combine lists
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Aug]
• You can combine two different lists into a single list. The result of a list combination
operation is stored in ListAns memory.
K1(LIST)6(g)5(Aug)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1-26>
,1(List) <list number 1-26>)w
Example
To combine the List 1 (–3, –2) and List 2 (1, 9, 10)
AK1(LIST)6(g)5(Aug)
6(g)6(g)1(List)b,
1(List)c)w
u To calculate the sum of data items in a list
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Sum]
K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)1(Sum)6(g)1(List)<list number 1-26>w
Example
To calculate the sum of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)
AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)1(Sum)
6(g)1(List)bw
20070201
3-2-7
Manipulating List Data
u To calculate the product of values in a list
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Prod]
K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)2(Prod)6(g)1(List)<list number 1-26>w
Example
To calculate the product of values in List 1 (2, 3, 6, 5, 4)
AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)2(Prod)
6(g)1(List)bw
u To calculate the cumulative frequency of each data item
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Cuml]
K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)3(Cuml)6(g)1(List) <list number 1-26>w
• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.
Example
To calculate the cumulative frequency of each data item in List 1
(2, 3, 6, 5, 4)
AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)3(Cuml)
6(g)1(List)bw
2+3=
2+3+6=
2+3+6+5=
2+3+6+5+4=
u To calculate the percentage represented by each data item
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[%]
K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)4(%)6(g)1(List)<list number 1-26>w
• The above operation calculates what percentage of the list total is represented by each
data item.
• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.
20070201
3-2-8
Manipulating List Data
Example
To calculate the percentage represented by each data item in List 1
(2, 3, 6, 5, 4)
AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)4(%)
6(g)1(List)bw
2/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =
3/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =
6/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =
5/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =
4/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =
u To calculate the differences between neighboring data inside a list
[OPTN]-[LIST]-[A]
K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)5(A)<list number 1-26>w
• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns memory.
Example
To calculate the difference between the data items in List 1
(1, 3, 8, 5, 4)
AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)5(A)
bw
3 – 1 =
8 – 3 =
5 – 8 =
4 – 5 =
# You can specify the storage location in list
memory for a calculation result produced by a
list calculation whose result is stored in ListAns
memory. For example, specifying “AList 1 → List
2” will store the result of AList 1 in List 2.
# The number of cells in the new AList is one
less than the number of cells in the original list.
# An error occurs if you execute AList for a list
that has no data or only one data item.
20070201
3-3-1
Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists
3-3 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists
You can perform arithmetic calculations using two lists or one list and a numeric value.
ListAns Memory
+
List
List
−
×
÷
=
List
Calculation results are
stored in ListAns Memory.
Numeric Value
Numeric Value
k Error Messages
• A calculation involving two lists performs the operation between corresponding cells.
Because of this, an error occurs if the two lists do not have the same number of values
(which means they have different “dimensions”).
• An error occurs whenever an operation involving any two cells generates a mathematical
error.
k Inputting a List into a Calculation
There are two methods you can use to input a list into a calculation.
u To input a specific list by name
1. Press K to display the first Operation Menu.
•
• This is the function key menu that appears in the RUN MAT mode when you press
K.
2. Press 1(LIST) to display the List Data Manipulation Menu.
3. Press 1(List) to display the “List” command and input the number of the list you want
to specify.
20070201
3-3-2
Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists
u To directly input a list of values
You can also directly input a list of values using {, }, and ,.
Example 1 To input the list: 56, 82, 64
!*( { )fg,ic,
ge!/( } )
41
6
0
4
Example 2 To multiply List 3
=
by the list
65
22
(
)
K1(LIST)1(List)d*!*( { )g,a,e!/( } )w
246
The resulting list
is stored in ListAns Memory.
0
88
u To assign the contents of one list to another list
Use a to assign the contents of one list to another list.
Example 1 To assign the contents of List 3 to List 1
K1(LIST)1(List)da1(List)bw
In place of K1(LIST)1(List)d operation in the above procedure, you could input
!*( { )eb,gf,cc!/( } ).
Example 2 To assign the list in ListAns Memory to List 1
K1(LIST)1(List)!-(Ans)a1(List)bw
20070201
3-3-3
Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists
u To recall the value in a specific list cell
You can recall the value in a specific list cell and use it in a calculation. Specify the cell
number by enclosing it inside square brackets.
Example
To calculate the sine of the value stored in Cell 3 of List 2
sK1(LIST)1(List)c!+( [ )d!-( ] )w
u To input a value into a specific list cell
You can input a value into a specific list cell inside a list. When you do, the value that was
previously stored in the cell is replaced with the new value you input.
Example
To input the value 25 into Cell 2 of List 3
cfaK1(LIST)1(List)d!+( [ )c!-( ] )w
k Recalling List Contents
Example
To recall the contents of List 1
K1(LIST)1(List)bw
• The above operation displays the contents of the list you specify and also stores them in
ListAns Memory. You can then use the ListAns Memory contents in a calculation.
u To use list contents in ListAns Memory in a calculation
Example
To multiply the list contents in ListAns Memory by 36
K1(LIST)1(List)!-(Ans)*dgw
• The operation K1(LIST)1(List)!-(Ans) recalls ListAns Memory contents.
• This operation replaces current ListAns Memory contents with the result of the above
calculation.
20070201
3-3-4
Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists
k Graphing a Function Using a List
When using the graphing functions of this calculator, you can input a function such as Y1 =
List 1 X. If List 1 contains the values 1, 2, 3, this function will produces three graphs:Y = X,
Y = 2X, Y = 3X.
There are certain limitations on using lists with graphing functions.
Example
To input the data 1, 2, 3 into List 1, and then graph the data in the
GRAPH mode
1. In the STAT mode, input 1, 2, 3 into List 1.
2. In the GRAPH mode, input the formula Y1=List 1X.
K1(List)bvw
3. Graph the data, which will produce three graphs.
k Inputting Scientific Calculations into a List
You can use the numeric table generation functions in the TABLE mode to input values that
result from certain scientific function calculations into a list. To do this, first generate a table
and then use the list copy function to copy the values from the table to the list.
Example
To use the TABLE mode to create a number table for the formula (Y1 =
x 2 –1), and then copy the table to List 1 in the STAT mode
1. In the TABLE mode, input the formula Y1 = x 2 –1.
2. Create the number table.
3. Use e to move the highlighting to the Y1 column.
4. Press K1(LMEM).
20070201
3-3-5
Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists
5. Press bw.
6. Enter the STAT mode to confirm that TABLE mode column Y1 has been copied to List
1.
k Performing Scientific Function Calculations Using a List
Lists can be used just as numeric values are in scientific function calculations. When the
calculation produces a list as a result, the list is stored in ListAns Memory.
41
Example
To use List 3
to perform sin (List 3)
65
22
Use radians as the angle unit.
sK1(LIST)1(List)dw
−0.158
The resulting list
is stored in ListAns Memory.
0.8268
−8E−3
In place of the K1(LIST)1(List)d operation in the above procedure, you could input
!*( { ) eb,gf,cc!/( } ).
1
2
3
4
5
6
Example
To use List 1
and List 2
to perform List 1List 2
This creates a list with the results of 14, 25, 36.
K1(LIST)1(List)bM1(List)cw
1
The resulting list
is stored in ListAns Memory.
32
729
20070201
3-4-1
Switching Between List Files
3-4 Switching Between List Files
You can store up to 26 lists (List 1 to List 26) in each file (File 1 to File 6). A simple operation
lets you switch between list files.
u To switch between list files
1. From the Main Menu, enter the STAT mode.
Press !m(SET UP) to display the STAT mode Setup screen.
2. Use c to highlight “List File”.
3. Press 1(FILE) and then input the number of the list file you want to use.
Example
To select File 3
1(FILE)d
w
All subsequent list operations are applied to the lists contained in the file you select (List File
3 in the above example).
20070201
Chapter
4
Equation Calculations
Your graphic calculator can perform the following three types
of calculations:
• Simultaneous linear equations
• Quadratic and cubic equations
• Solve calculations
From the Main Menu, enter the EQUA mode.
• {SIML} ... {linear equation with 2 to 6 unknowns}
• {POLY} ... {degree 2 or 3 equation}
• {SOLV} ... {solve calculation}
4-1 Simultaneous Linear Equations
4-2 Quadratic and Cubic Equations
4-3 Solve Calculations
4-4 What to Do When an Error Occurs
20070201
4-1-1
Simultaneous Linear Equations
4-1 Simultaneous Linear Equations
Description
You can solve simultaneous linear equations with two to six unknowns.
• Simultaneous Linear Equation with Two Unknowns:
a
a
1
x
x
1 + b 1
1 + b 2
x
2 = c 1
2
x 2 = c 2
• Simultaneous Linear Equation with Three Unknowns:
a
a
a
1x
2x
3
x
1 + b 1
1 + b 2
1 + b 3
x
x
x
2 + c 1
2 + c 2
2 + c 3
x
x
x
3 = d 1
3 = d 2
3 = d 3
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the EQUA mode.
Execution
2. Select the SIML (simultaneous equation) mode, and specify the number of unknowns
(variables).
You can specify from 2 to 6 unknowns.
3. Sequentially input the coefficients.
The cell that is currently selected for input is highlighted. Each time you input a
coefficient, the highlighting shifts in the sequence:
a
1
→ b 1 → c 1 → … a n → b n → c n → (n = 2 to 6)
You can also input fractions and values assigned to variables as coefficients.
You can cancel the value you are inputting for the current coefficient by pressing J
at any time before you press w to store the coefficient value. This returns to the
coefficient to what it was before you input anything.You can then input another value if
you want.
To change the value of a coefficient that you already stored by pressing w, move the
cursor to the coefficient you want to edit. Next, input the value you want to change to.
Pressing 3(CLR) clears all coefficients to zero.
4. Solve the equations.
20070201
4-1-2
Simultaneous Linear Equations
Example
To solve the following simultaneous linear equations for x , y , and z
4x + y – 2z = – 1
x + 6y + 3z =
1
– 5x + 4y + z = – 7
Procedure
1 m EQUA
2 1(SIML)
2(3)
3 ewbw-cw-bw
bwgwdwbw
-fwewbw-hw
4 1(SOLV)
Result Screen
# Internal calculations are performed using a 15-
digit mantissa, but results are displayed using
a 10-digit mantissa and a 2-digit exponent.
Because of this, precision is reduced as the
value of the determinant approaches zero. Also,
simultaneous equations with three or more
unknowns may take a very long time to solve.
# Simultaneous linear equations are solved
by inverting the matrix containing the
coefficients of the equations. For example,
the following shows the solution (x 1, x 2, x 3)
of a simultaneous linear equation with three
unknowns.
# An error occurs if the calculator is unable to find
a solution.
# After calculation is complete, you can press
1 (REPT), change coefficient values, and then
re-calculate.
–1
x1
x2
x3
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3
d1
d2
d3
=
20070201
4-2-1
Quadratic and Cubic Equations
4-2 Quadratic and Cubic Equations
Description
You can use this calculator to solve quadratic equations and cubic equations.
• Quadratic Equation:
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0)
• Cubic Equation:
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a ≠ 0)
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the EQUA mode.
Execution
2. Select the POLY (higher degree equation) mode, and specify the degree of the
equation.
You can specify a degree 2 or 3.
3. Sequentially input the coefficients.
The cell that is currently selected for input is highlighted. Each time you input a
coefficient, the highlighting shifts in the sequence:
a → b → c → …
You can also input fractions and values assigned to variables as coefficients.
You can cancel the value you are inputting for the current coefficient by pressing J
at any time before you press w to store the coefficient value. This returns to the
coefficient to what it was before you input anything.You can then input another value if
you want.
To change the value of a coefficient that you already stored by pressing w, move the
cursor to the coefficient you want to edit. Next, input the value you want to change to.
Pressing 3(CLR) clears all coefficients to zero.
4. Solve the equations.
# Internal calculations are performed using a
15-digit mantissa, but results are displayed
using a 10-digit mantissa and a 2-digit
exponent.
# An error occurs if the calculator is unable to find
a solution.
# After calculation is complete, you can press
1(REPT), change coefficient values, and then
re-calculate.
# It may take considerable time for the
calculation result of cubic equations to
appear on the display.
20070201
4-2-2
Quadratic and Cubic Equations
Example
To solve the cubic equation (Angle unit = Rad)
x 3 – 2x 2 – x + 2 = 0
Procedure
1 m EQUA
2 2(POLY)
2(3)
3 bw-cw-bwcw
4 1(SOLV)
Result Screen
Multiple Solutions (Example: x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0)
Complex Number Solution (Example: x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0)
Complex Mode: Real (page 1-8-2)
Complex Mode: a + bi
Complex Mode: r ∠ θ
20070201
4-3-1
Solve Calculations
4-3 Solve Calculations
Description
The Solve Calculation mode lets you determine the value of any variable in a formula without
having to solve the equation.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the EQUA mode.
Execution
2. Select the Solve Calculation mode, and input the equation as it is written.
If you do not input an equals sign, the calculator assumes that the expression is to the
left of the equals sign, and there is a zero to the right. *1
3. In the table of variables that appears on the display, input values for each variable.
You can also specify values for Upper and Lower to define the upper and lower limits of
the range of solutions. *2
4. Select the variable for which you want to solve to obtain the solution.
“Lft” and “Rgt” indicate the left and right sides that are calculated using the solution.*3
*1An error occurs if you input more than one
equals sign.
*2An error occurs if the solution falls outside the
range you specify.
*3Solutions are approximated using Newton’s
method. Lft and Rgt values are displayed for
confirmation, because Newton’s method may
produce results that are the real solution.
The closer the difference between the Lft
and Rgt values is to zero, the lower degree of
error in the result.
# The message “Retry” appears on the display
when the calculator judges that convergence is
not sufficient for the displayed results.
# A Solve operation will produce a single solution.
Use POLY when you want to obtain multiple
solutions for a high-order equation (such as
ax2 + bx + c = 0).
20070201
4-3-2
Solve Calculations
Example
An object thrown into the air at initial velocity V takes time T to reach
height H. Use the following formula to solve for initial velocity V when
H = 14 (meters),T = 2 (seconds) and gravitational acceleration is G =
9.8 (m/s2).
H = VT – 1/2 GT2
Procedure
1 m EQUA
2 3(SOLV)
aM(H)!.(=)ac(V)a/(T)-(b/c)
a$(G)a/(T)xw
3 bew(H = 14)
aw(V = 0)
cw(T = 2)
j.iw(G = 9.8)
4 Press fff to highlight V = 0, and then press 6(SOLV).
Result Screen
20070201
4-4-1
What to Do When an Error Occurs
4-4 What to Do When an Error Occurs
u Error during coefficient value input
Press the J key to clear the error and return to the value that was registered for the
coefficient before you input the value that generated the error. Try inputting a new value
again.
u Error during calculation
Press the J key to clear the error and display the coefficient. Try inputting values for the
coefficients again.
k Clearing Equation Memories
1. Enter the equation calculation mode (SIML or POLY) you want to use and
perform the function key operation required for that mode.
• In the case of the SIML mode (1), use the function keys to specify the number
of unknowns.
• In the case of the POLY mode (2), use the function keys to specify the degree
of the polynomial.
• If you pressed 3(SOLV), advance directly to step 2.
2. Press 2(DEL).
3. Press 1(Yes) to delete the applicable equation memories or 6(No) to abort
the operation without deleting anything.
20070201
Chapter
5
Graphing
Sections 5-1 and 5-2 of this chapter provide basic information
you need to know in order to draw a graph. The remaining
sections describe more advanced graphing features and functions.
Select the icon in the Main Menu that suits the type of graph you
want to draw or the type of table you want to generate.
• GRAPH … General function graphing
• CONICS … Conic section graphing
(5-1-5 ~ 5-1-6, 5-11-17~5-11-22)
• RUN MAT … Manual graphing (5-6-1 ~ 5-6-4)
•
• TABLE … Number table generation (5-7-1 ~ 5-7-16)
• DYNA … Dynamic Graph (5-8-1 ~ 5-8-8)
• RECUR … Recursion graphing or number table generation
(5-9-1 ~ 5-9-10)
5-1 Sample Graphs
5-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
5-3 Drawing a Graph
5-4 Storing a Graph in Picture Memory
5-5 Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen
5-6 Manual Graphing
5-7 Using Tables
5-8 Dynamic Graphing
5-9 Graphing a Recursion Formula
5-10 Changing the Appearance of a Graph
5-11 Function Analysis
20070201
5-1-1
Sample Graphs
5-1 Sample Graphs
k How to draw a simple graph (1)
Description
To draw a graph, simply input the applicable function.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
Execution
2. Input the function you want to graph.
Here you would use the V-Window to specify the range and other parameters of the
graph. See 5-2-1.
3. Draw the graph.
20070201
5-1-2
Sample Graphs
Example
To graph y = 3x 2
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 dvxw
3 6(DRAW) (or w)
Result Screen
# Pressing A while a graph is on the display
will return to the screen in step 2.
20070201
5-1-3
Sample Graphs
k How to draw a simple graph (2)
Description
You can store up to 20 functions in memory and then select the one you want for graphing.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
Execution
2. Specify the function type and input the function whose graph you want to draw.
You can use the GRAPH mode to draw a graph for the following types of expressions:
rectangular coordinate expression, polar coordinate expression, parametric function,
X = constant expression, inequality.
3(TYPE)1(Y=) ... rectangular coordinates
2(r=) ... polar coordinates
3(Parm) ... parametric function
4(X=c) ... X = constant function
5(CONV)1('Y=)~5('Y≤ ) ... changes the function type
6(g)1(Y>)~4(Y≤ ) ... inequality
Repeat this step as many times as required to input all of the functions you want.
Next you should specify which of the functions among those that are stored in memory
you want to graph (see 5-3-6). If you do not select specific functions here, the graph
operation will draw graphs of all the functions currently stored in memory.
3. Draw the graph.
20070201
5-1-4
Sample Graphs
Example
Input the functions shown below and draw their graphs
Y1 = 2x 2 – 3, r 2 = 3sin2θ
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 3(TYPE)1(Y=)cvx-dw
3(TYPE)2(r=)dscvw
3 6(DRAW)
Result Screen
(Parametric)
(Inequality)
20070201
5-1-5
Sample Graphs
k How to draw a simple graph (3)
Description
Use the following procedure to graph the function of a parabola, circle, ellipse, or hyperbola.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the CONICS mode.
Execution
2. Use the cursor fc keys to specify one of the function type as follows.
Graph Type
Function
Parabola
X = A (Y – K)2 + H
X = AY2 + BY + C
Y = A (X – H)2 + K
Y = AX2 + BX + C
Circle
Ellipse
(X – H)2 + (Y – K)2 = R2
AX2 + AY2 + BX + CY + D = 0
(X – H)2
(Y– K)2
B2
–––––––– + –––––––– = 1
A2
(X – H)2
(Y– K)2
Hyperbola
–––––––– – –––––––– = 1
A2
B2
(Y – K)2
(X– H)2
–––––––– – –––––––– = 1
A2
B2
3. Input values for the required variables.
4. Graph the function.
20070201
5-1-6
Sample Graphs
Example
Graph the circle (X–1)2 + (Y–1)2 = 22
Procedure
1 m CONICS
2 ccccw
3 bwbwcw
4 6(DRAW)
Result Screen
(Parabola)
(Ellipse)
(Hyperbola)
20070201
5-1-7
Sample Graphs
k How to draw a simple graph (4)
Description
You can specify the graph line style, if you want.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
Execution
2. Input the function you want to graph.
Here you would use the V-Window to specify the range and other parameters of the
graph. See 5-2-1.
3. Select the line style.
4(STYL) 1( ) … Normal (initial default)
2( ) … Thick (twice the thickness of Normal)
3( ) … Broken (thick broken)
4( ) … Dot (dotted)
4. Draw the graph.
The line style selection is valid only when “Connect” is selected for “Draw Type” on the Setup
screen.
# The initial default line setting for an inequality
(Y>, Y<) is dot plot type.
# You can change the graph line style while in the
GRAPH, TABLE or RECUR mode.
20070201
5-1-8
Sample Graphs
Example
To graph y = 3x 2
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 3(TYPE)1(Y=)dvxw
3 f4(STYL)3(
)J
4 6(DRAW) (or w)
Result Screen
(Normal)
(Thick)
(Dotted)
20070201
5-2-1
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
5-2 Controlling What Appears on a Graph
Screen
k V-Window (View Window) Settings
Use the View Window to specify the range of the x- and y-axes, and to set the spacing
between the increments on each axis.You should always set the V-Window parameters you
want to use before graphing.
u To make V-Window settings
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Press !3(V-WIN) to display the V-Window setting screen.
Rectangular coordinate parameter
Xmin … Minimum x-axis value
Xmax … Maximum x-axis value
Xscale … Spacing of x-axis increments
Xdot … Value that corresponds to one x-axis dot
Ymin … Minimum y-axis value
Ymax … Maximum y-axis value
Yscale … Spacing of y-axis increments
Polar coordinate parameter
Tθ min ... T, θ minimum values
Tθ max ... T, θ maximum values
Tθ ptch ... T, θ pitch
3. Press c to move the highlighting and input an appropriate value for each parameter,
pressing w after each.
• {INIT}/{TRIG}/{STD} … V-Window {initial settings}/{initial settings using specified
angle unit}/{standardized settings}
• {STO}/{RCL} … V-Window setting {store}/{recall}
After settings are the way you want them, press J or !J(QUIT) to exit the V-Window
setting screen.*1
*1Pressing w without inputting anything while
k is displayed exits the V-Window setting
screen.
20070201
5-2-2
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
u V-Window Setting Precautions
• Inputting zero for Tθ ptch causes an error.
• Any illegal input (out of range value, negative sign without a value, etc.) causes an
error.
• When Tθ max is less than Tθ min, Tθ ptch becomes negative.
• You can input expressions (such as 2π ) as V-Window parameters.
• When the V-Window setting produces an axis that does not fit on the display, the scale
of the axis is indicated on the edge of the display closest to the origin.
• Changing the V-Window settings clears the graph currently on the display and
replaces it with the new axes only.
• Changing the Xmin or Xmax value causes the Xdot value to be adjusted automatically.
Changing the Xdot value causes the Xmax value to be adjusted automatically.
• A polar coordinate (r =) or parametric graph will appear coarse if the settings
you make in the V-Window cause the Tθ ptch value to be too large, relative to the
differential between the Tθ min and Tθ max settings. If the settings you make cause
the Tθ ptch value to be too small relative to the differential between the Tθ min and Tθ
max settings, on the other hand, the graph will take a very long time to draw.
• The following is the input range for V-Window parameters.
–9.999999999E 97 to 9.999999999E 97
20070201
5-2-3
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
k Initializing and Standardizing the V-Window
u To initialize the V-Window
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Press !3(V-WIN).
This displays the V-Window setting screen.
3. Press 1(INIT) to initialize the V-Window.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3,
Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.1,
Xscale = 1,
Yscale = 1
Xdot = 0.1
T
θ
min = 0,
T
max = 2 (rad),
T
θ
ptch = 2 /100 (rad)
θ
π
π
u To initialize the V-Window in accordance with an angle unit
In step 3 of the procedure under “To initialize the V-Window” above, press 2(TRIG) to
initialize the V-Window in accordance with an angle unit.
Xmin = –3 (rad), Xmax = 3 (rad),
Xscale = /2 (rad), Xdot = /21 (rad),
π
π
π
π
Ymin = –1.6,
Ymax = 1.6,
Yscale = 0.5
u To standardize the V-Window
The following are the standard V-Window settings of this calculator.
Xmin = –10,
Ymin = –10,
Xmax = 10,
Ymax = 10,
Xscale = 1,
Yscale = 1
Xdot = 0.15873015
T
min = 0,
T
max = 2 (rad),
T
θ
ptch = 2 /100 (rad)
θ
θ
π
π
In step 3 of the procedure under “To initialize the V-Window” above, press 3(STD) to
standardize V-Window settings in accordance with the above.
# Initialization and standardization cause
Tθ min, Tθ max, Tθ ptch values to change
automatically in accordance with the current
angle unit setting as shown below.
Gra mode:
Tθ min = 0, Tθ max = 400, Tθ ptch = 4
Deg mode:
Tθ min = 0, Tθ max = 360, Tθ ptch = 3.6
20070201
5-2-4
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
k V-Window Memory
You can store up to six sets of V-Window settings in V-Window memory for recall when you
need them.
u To store V-Window settings
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Press !3(V-WIN) to display the V-Window setting screen, and input the values you
want.
3. Press 4(STO) to display the pop-up window.
4. Press a number key to specify the V-Window memory where you want to save the
settings, and then press w. Pressing bw stores the settings in V-Window Memory
1 (V-Win1).
u To recall V-Window memory settings
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Press !3(V-WIN) to display the V-Window setting screen.
3. Press 5(RCL) to display the pop-up window.
4. Press a number key to specify the V-Window memory number for the settings you want
to recall, and then press w. Pressing bw recalls the settings in V-Window Memory
1 (V-Win1).
# Storing V-Window settings to a memory that
already contains setting data replaces the
previous data with the new settings.
# Recalling settings causes the current V-Window
settings to be replaced with those recalled from
memory.
20070201
5-2-5
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
k Specifying the Graph Range
Description
You can define a range (start point, end point) for a function before graphing it.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. Specify the function type and input the function. The following is the syntax for function
input.
Function ,!+( [ )Start Point , End Point !-( ] )
4. Draw the graph.
20070201
5-2-6
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
Example
Graph y = x 2 + 3x – 2 within the range – 2 < x < 4
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –3,
Xmax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 30, Yscale = 5
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !3(V-WIN)-dwfwbwc
-bawdawfwJ
3 3(TYPE)1(Y=)vx+dv-c,
!+( [ )-c,e!-( ] )w
4 6(DRAW)
Result Screen
# You can specify a range when graphing
rectangular expressions, polar expressions,
parametric functions, and inequalities.
20070201
5-2-7
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
k Zoom
Description
This function lets you enlarge and reduce the graph on the screen.
Set Up
1. Draw the graph.
Execution
2. Specify the zoom type.
!2(ZOOM)1(BOX) ... Box zoom
Draw a box around a display area, and that area is enlarged to
fill the entire screen.
2(FACT)
3(IN)/4(OUT) ... Factor zoom
The graph is enlarged or reduced in accordance with the factor
you specify, centered on the current pointer location.
5(AUTO) ... Auto zoom
V-Window y-axis settings are automatically adjusted so the
graph fills the screen along the y-axis.
6(g)1(ORIG) ... Original size
Returns the graph to its original size following a zoom
operation.
6(g)2(SQR) ... Graph correction
V-Window x-axis values are corrected so they are identical to
the y-axis values.
6(g)3(RND) ... Coordinate rounding
Rounds the coordinate values at the current pointer location.
6(g)4(INTG) ... Integer
Each dot is given a width of 1, which makes coordinate values
integers.
6(g)5(PRE) ... Previous
V-Window parameters are returned to what they were prior to
the last zoom operation.
Box zoom range specification
3. Use the cursor keys to move the pointer ( ) in the center of the screen to the location
where you want one corner of the box to be, and then press w.
4. Use the cursor keys to move the pointer. This causes a box to appear on the screen.
Move the cursor until the area you want to enlarge is enclosed in the box, and then
press w to enlarge it.
20070201
5-2-8
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
Example
Graph y = (x + 5)(x + 4)(x + 3), and then perform a box zoom.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –8,
Ymin = –4,
Xmax = 8,
Ymax = 2,
Xscale = 2
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
!3(V-WIN)-iwiwcwc
-ewcwbwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=)(v+f)(v+e)
(v+d)w
6(DRAW)
2 !2(ZOOM)1(BOX)
3 d~dw
4 d~d,f~fw
Result Screen
# You must specify two different points for box
zoom, and the two points cannot be on a
straight line vertically or horizontally from each
other.
20070201
5-2-9
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
k Factor Zoom
Description
With factor zoom, you can zoom in or out, centered on the current cursor position.
Set Up
1. Draw the graph.
Execution
2. Press !2(ZOOM)2(FACT) to open a pop-up window for specifying the x-axis
and y-axis zoom factor. Input the values you want and then press J.
3. Press !2(ZOOM)3(IN) to enlarge the graph, or !2(ZOOM)4(OUT) to
reduce it. The graph is enlarged or reduced centered on the current pointer location.
4. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor to the point upon which you want the zoom
operation to be centered, and then press J to zoom.
20070201
5-2-10
Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen
Example
Enlarge the graphs of the two expressions shown below five times on
both the x - and y -axis to see if they are tangent.
Y1 = (x + 4)(x + 1)(x – 3), Y2 = 3x + 22
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –8,
Xmax = 8,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –30, Ymax = 30, Yscale = 5
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
!3(V-WIN)-iwiwbwc
-dawdawfwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=)(v+e)(v+b)
(v-d)w
dv+ccw
6(DRAW)
2 !2(ZOOM)2(FACT)fwfwJ
3 !2(ZOOM)3(IN)
4 f~f,d~dw
Result Screen
# You can repeat factor zoom to enlarge or
reduce a graph even further.
20070201
5-3-1
Drawing a Graph
5-3 Drawing a Graph
You can store up to 20 functions in memory. Functions in memory can be edited, recalled,
and graphed.
k Specifying the Graph Type
Before you can store a graph function in memory, you must first specify its graph type.
1. While the Graph relation list is on the display, press 3(TYPE) to display the graph
type menu, which contains the following items.
• {Y=}/{r=}/{Parm}/{X=c} ... {rectangular coordinate}/{polar coordinate}/{parametric}/
{X=constant}*1 graph
• {Y>}/{Y<}/{Yt}/{Ys} ... {Y>f (x )}/{Y<f (x )}/{Y>f (x )}/{Y<f (x )} inequality graph
• {CONV}
• {'Y=}/{'Y>}/{'Y<}/{'Yt}/{'Ys}
... {changes the function type of the selected expression}
2. Press the function key that corresponds to the graph type you want to specify.
k Storing Graph Functions
u To store a rectangular coordinate function (Y=) *2
Example
To store the following expression in memory areaY1 : y = 2x 2 – 5
3(TYPE)1(Y=) (Specifies rectangular coordinate expression.)
cvx-f(Inputs expression.)
w (Stores expression.)
*1 Attempting to draw a graph for an expression
in which X is input for an X = constant
expression results in an error.
*2 A function cannot be stored into a memory area that
already contains a function of a different type from
the one you are trying to store. Select a memory
area that contains a function that is the same type
as the one you are storing, or delete the function in
the memory area to which you are trying to store.
20070201
5-3-2
Drawing a Graph
u To store a polar coordinate function (r =) *1
Example
To store the following expression in memory area r 2 : r = 5 sin3θ
3(TYPE)2(r =) (Specifies polar coordinate expression.)
fsdv(Inputs expression.)
w(Stores expression.)
u To store a parametric function *2
Example
To store the following functions in memory areas Xt3 andYt3 :
x = 3 sin T
y = 3 cos T
3(TYPE)3(Parm) (Specifies parametric expression.)
dsvw(Inputs and stores x expression.)
dcvw(Inputs and stores y expression.)
*1A function cannot be stored into a memory
area that already contains a function of a
different type from the one you are trying to
store. Select a memory area that contains
a function that is the same type as the one
you are storing, or delete the function in the
memory area to which you are trying to store.
*2You will not be able to store the expression in
an area that already contains a rectangular
coordinate expression, polar coordinate
expression, X = constant expression or inequality.
Select another area to store your expression or
delete the existing expression first.
20070201
5-3-3
Drawing a Graph
u To store an X = constant expression *1
Example
To store the following expression in memory area X4 : X = 3
3(TYPE)4(X=c) (Specifies X = constant expression.)
d(Inputs expression.)
w(Stores expression.)
• Inputting X, Y, T, r , or θ for the constant in the above procedures causes an error.
u To store an inequality *1
Example
To store the following inequality in memory areaY5 : y > x 2 − 2x − 6
3(TYPE)6(g)1(Y>) (Specifies an inequality.)
vx-cv-g(Inputs expression.)
w(Stores expression.)
u To create a composite function
Example
To use relations inY1 andY2 to create composite functions forY3
andY4
Y1 = (X + 1),Y2 = X2 + 3
AssignY1 Y2 toY3, andY2 Y1 toY4.
°
°
(Y1 Y2 = ((x2 + 3) +1 ) = (x2 + 4) Y2 Y1 = ( (X + 1))2 + 3 = X + 4 (X > −1))
°
°
Input relations into Y3 and Y4.
3(TYPE)1(Y=)J4(GRPH)
1(Y)b(1(Y)c)w
J4(GRPH)1(Y)c
(1(Y)b)w
• A composite function can consist of up to five functions.
*1A function cannot be stored into a memory
area that already contains a function of a
different type from the one you are trying to
store. Select a memory area that contains a
function that is the same type as the one you are
storing, or delete the function in the memory area to
which you are trying to store.
20070201
5-3-4
Drawing a Graph
u To assign values to the coefficients and variables of a graph function
Example
To assign the values −1, 0, and 1 to variable A inY = AX2−1, and draw a
graph for each value
3(TYPE)1(Y=)
av(A)vx-bw
J4(GRPH)1(Y)b(av(A)
!.(=)-b)w
J4(GRPH)1(Y)b(av(A)
!.(=)a)w
J4(GRPH)1(Y)b(av(A)
!.(=)b)w
ffff1(SEL)
6(DRAW)
The above three screens are produced using the Trace function.
See “5-11 Function Analysis” for more information.
20070201
5-3-5
Drawing a Graph
• If you do not specify a variable name (variable A in the above key operation), the calculator
automatically uses one of the default variables listed below. Note that the default variable
used depends on the memory area type where you are storing the graph function.
Memory Area Type
Default Variable
Yn
rn
X
θ
Xtn
Ytn
fn
T
T
X
Example
Y1 (3) andY1 (X = 3) are identical values.
• You can also use Dynamic Graph for a look at how changes in coefficients alter the
appearance of a graph. See “5-8 Dynamic Graphing” for more information.
20070201
5-3-6
Drawing a Graph
k Editing and Deleting Functions
u To edit a function in memory
Example
To change the expression in memory areaY1 from y = 2x 2 – 5 to
y = 2x 2 – 3
e (Displays cursor.)
eeeeeDd(Changes contents.)
w(Stores new graph function.)
u To change the line style of a graph function
1. On the Graph relation list screen, use f and c to highlight the relation whose line
style you want to change.
2. Press 4(STYL).
3. Select the line style.
Example
To change the line style of y = 2x 2 – 3, which is stored in areaY1, to
“Broken”.
4(STYL)3( ) (Selects “Broken”.)
…
→
20070201
5-3-7
Drawing a Graph
u To change the type of a function *1
1. While the Graph relation list is on the display, press f or c to move the highlighting
to the area that contains the function whose type you want to change.
2. Press 3(TYPE)5(CONV).
3. Select the function type you want to change to.
Example
To change the function in memory areaY1 from y = 2x 2 – 3 to
y < 2x 2 – 3
3(TYPE)5(CONV)3('Y<) (Changes the function type to “Y<”.)
u To delete a function
1. While the Graph relation list is on the display, press f or c to move the highlighting
to the area that contains the function you want to delete.
2. Press 2(DEL) or D.
3. Press 1(Yes) to delete the function or 6(No) to abort the procedure without deleting
anything.
*1The function type can be changed for
rectangular coordinate functions and
inequalities only.
# Parametric functions come in pairs (Xt and Yt).
20070201
5-3-8
Drawing a Graph
k Selecting Functions for Graphing
u To specify the draw/non-draw status of a graph
1. On the graph relation list, use f and c to highlight the relation you do not want to
graph.
2. Press 1(SEL).
• Each press of 1(SEL) toggles graphing on and off.
3. Press 6(DRAW).
Example
To select the following functions for drawing :
Y1 = 2x 2 – 5, r 2 = 5 sin3θ
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5, Xmax = 5,
Ymin = –5, Ymax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
T
θ
min = 0,
T
max =
,
T
θ
ptch = 2 / 60
θ
π
π
cf (Select a memory area that contains a function
for which you want to specify non-draw.)
1(SEL) (Specifies non-draw.)
6(DRAW) or w (Draws the graphs.)
• You can use the Setup screen settings to alter the appearance of the graph screen as
shown below.
• Grid: On (Axes: On Label: Off)
This setting causes dots to appear at the grid
intersects on the display.
• Axes: Off (Label: Off Grid: Off)
This setting clears the axis lines from the display.
• Label: On (Axes: On Grid: Off)
This setting displays labels for the x- and y-axes.
20070201
5-3-9
Drawing a Graph
k Graph Memory
Graph memory lets you store up to 20 sets of graph function data and recall it later when you
need it.
A single save operation saves the following data in graph memory.
• All graph functions in the currently displayed Graph relation list (up to 20)
• Graph types
• Function graph line information
• Draw/non-draw status
• V-Window settings (1 set)
u To store graph functions in graph memory
1. Press 5(GMEM)1(STO) to display the pop-up window.
2. Press a number key to specify the Graph memory where you want to save the graph
function, and then press w. Pressing bw stores the graph function to Graph
Memory 1 (G-Mem1).
• There are 20 graph memories numbered G-Mem1 to G-Mem20.
u To recall a graph function
1. Press 5(GMEM)2(RCL) to display the pop-up window.
2. Press a number key to specify the Graph memory for the function you want to recall,
and then press w. Pressing bw recalls the graph function in Graph Memory 1
(G-Mem1).
# Storing a function in a memory area that
already contains a function replaces the
existing function with the new one.
# Recalling data from graph memory causes any
data currently on the Graph relation list to be
deleted.
# If the data exceeds the calculator’s remaining
memory capacity, an error occurs.
20070201
5-4-1
Storing a Graph in Picture Memory
5-4 Storing a Graph in Picture Memory
You can save up to 20 graphic images in picture memory for later recall.You can overdraw
the graph on the screen with another graph stored in picture memory.
u To store a graph in picture memory
1. After graphing in GRAPH mode, press K1(PICT)1(STO) to display the pop-up
window.
2. Press a number key to specify the Picture memory where you want to save the picture,
and then press w. Pressing bw stores the picture function to Picture Memory 1
(Pict 1).
• There are 20 picture memories numbered Pict 1 to Pict 20.
u To recall a stored graph
1. After graphing in GRAPH mode, press K1(PICT)2(RCL) to display the pop-up
window.
2. Press a number key to specify the Picture memory for the picture you want to recall,
and then press w. Pressing bw recalls the picture function in Picture Memory 1
(Pict 1).
• Recalling picture memory contents causes the currently displayed graph to be
overwritten.
• Use the sketch Cls function (page 5-10-1) to clear a graph that was recalled from
picture memory.
# Storing a graphic image in a memory area that
already contains a graphic image replaces the
existing graphic image with the new one.
# A dual graph screen or any other type of graph
that uses a split screen cannot be saved in
picture memory.
20070201
5-5-1
Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen
5-5 Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen
k Copying the Graph to the Sub-screen
Description
Dual Graph lets you split the screen into two parts. Then you can graph two different
functions in each for comparison, or draw a normal size graph on one side and its enlarged
version on the other side. This makes Dual Graph a powerful graph analysis tool.
With Dual Graph, the left side of the screen is called the “main screen,” while the right side is
called the “sub-screen.”
u Main Screen
The graph in the main screen is actually drawn from a function.
u Sub-screen
The graph on the sub-screen is produced by copying or zooming the main screen graph.
You can even make different V-Window settings for the sub-screen and main screen.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. On the Setup screen, select G+G for Dual Screen.
3. Make V-Window settings for the main screen.
Press 6(RIGHT) to display the sub-graph settings screen. Pressing 6(LEFT)
returns to the main screen setting screen.
Execution
4. Store the function, and draw the graph in the main screen.
5. Perform the Dual Graph operation you want.
K1(COPY) ... Duplicates the main screen graph in the sub-screen
K2(SWAP) ... Swaps the main screen contents and sub-screen contents
20070201
5-5-2
Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen
Example
Graph y = x (x + 1)(x – 1) in the main screen and sub-screen.
Use the following V-Window settings.
(Main Screen)
Xmin = –2, Xmax = 2,
Ymin = –2, Ymax = 2,
Xscale = 0.5
Yscale = 1
(Sub-screen)
Xmin = –4, Xmax = 4,
Ymin = –3, Ymax = 3,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !m(SET UP)cc1(G+G)J
3 !3(V-WIN) -cwcwa.fwc
-cwcwbw
6(RIGHT) -ewewbwc
-dwdwbwJ
4 3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+b)(v-b)w
6(DRAW)
5 K1(COPY)
Result Screen
# Pressing A while a graph is on the display
will return to the screen in step 4.
20070201
5-5-3
Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen
k Graphing Two Different Functions
Description
Use the following procedure to graph different functions in the main screen and sub-screen.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. On the Setup screen, select G+G for Dual Screen.
3. Make V-Window settings for the main screen.
Press 6(RIGHT) to display the sub-graph settings screen. Pressing 6(LEFT)
returns to the main screen setting screen.
Execution
4. Store the functions for the main screen and sub-screen.
5. Select the function of the graph that you want to eventually have in the sub-screen.
6. Draw the graph in the main screen.
7. Swap the main screen and sub-screen contents.
8. Return to the function screen.
9. Select the function of the next graph you want in the main screen.
10. Draw the graph in the main screen.
20070201
5-5-4
Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen
Example
Graph y = x (x + 1)(x – 1) in the main screen, and y = 2x 2 – 3 in the sub-
screen.
Use the following V-Window settings.
(Main Screen)
Xmin = –4, Xmax = 4,
Ymin = –5, Ymax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
(Sub-screen)
Xmin = –2, Xmax = 2,
Ymin = –2, Ymax = 2,
Xscale = 0.5
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !m(SET UP)cc1(G+G)J
3 !3(V-WIN) -ewewbwc
-fwfwbw
6(RIGHT) -cwcwa.fwc
-cwcwbwJ
4 3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+b)(v-b)w
cvx-dw
5 ff1(SEL)
6 6(DRAW)
7 K2(SWAP)
8 A
9 1(SEL)
0 6(DRAW)
Result Screen
20070201
5-5-5
Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen
k Using Zoom to Enlarge the Sub-screen
Description
Use the following procedure to enlarge the main screen graph and then move it to the sub-
screen.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. On the Setup screen, select G+G for Dual Screen.
3. Make V-Window settings for the main screen.
Execution
4. Input the function and draw the graph in the main screen.
5. Use Zoom to enlarge the graph, and then move it to the sub-screen.
20070201
5-5-6
Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen
Example
Draw the graph y = x (x + 1)(x – 1) in the main screen, and then use
Box Zoom to enlarge it.
Use the following V-Window settings.
(Main Screen)
Xmin = –2, Xmax = 2,
Ymin = –2, Ymax = 2,
Xscale = 0.5
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !m(SET UP)cc1(G+G)J
3 !3(V-WIN) -cwcwa.fwc
-cwcwbwJ
4 3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+b)(v-b)w
6(DRAW)
5 !2(ZOOM)1(BOX)
c~ce~ew
f~fd~dw
Result Screen
20070201
5-6-1
Manual Graphing
5-6 Manual Graphing
k Rectangular Coordinate Graph
Description
•
Inputting the Graph command in the RUN MAT mode enables drawing of rectangular
coordinate graphs.
Set Up
•
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN MAT mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. Input the commands for drawing the rectangular coordinate graph.
4. Input the function.
# Certain functions can be graphed easily using built-in function graphs.
# You can draw graphs of the following built-in scientific functions.
• Rectangular Coordinate Graph
• sin x
• cos x
• sinh x
• tanh–1 x
• 10x
• tan x
• cosh x
• 'x
• ex
• sin–1 x
• tanh x
• x2
• cos–1 x
• sinh–1 x
• log x
• tan–1 x
• cosh–1 x
• lnx
• x–1
• 3'x
• Polar Coordinate Graph
• sin θ
• cos θ
• tan θ
• cosh θ
• 'θ
• sin–1
θ
• cos–1
• sinh–1
• log θ
• 3'θ
θ
θ
• tan–1
θ
• sinh θ
• tanh–1
• 10θ
• tanh θ
• cosh–1
• lnθ
θ
θ
• θ
• θ
2
–1
• eθ
• Input for x and θ variables is not required for a built-in function.
• When inputting a built-in function, other operators or values cannot be input.
• Built-in function graph statements cannot be used as part of a multi-statement or in a program.
# V-Window settings are made automatically for built-in graphs.
20070201
5-6-2
Manual Graphing
Example
Graph y = 2x 2 + 3x – 4
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5, Xmax = 5, Xscale = 2
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 5
Procedure
•
1 m RUN MAT
2 !3(V-WIN)-fwfwcwc
-bawbawfwJ
3 !4(SKTCH)1(Cls)w
5(GRPH)1(Y=)
4 cvx+dv-ew
Result Screen
20070201
5-6-3
Manual Graphing
k Integration Graph
Description
•
Inputting the Graph command in the RUN MAT mode enables graphing of functions
produced by an integration calculation.
The calculation result is shown in the lower left corner of the display, and the calculation
range is cross plot type.
Set Up
•
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN MAT mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. Input graph commands for the integration graph.
4. Input the function.
20070201
5-6-4
Manual Graphing
1
Example
Graph the integration –2(x + 2)(x – 1)(x – 3) dx.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –4,
Ymin = –8,
Xmax = 4,
Xscale = 1
Ymax = 12, Yscale = 5
Procedure
•
1 m RUN MAT
2 !3(V-WIN)-ewewbwc
-iwbcwfwJ
3 !4(SKTCH)1(Cls)w
5(GRPH)5(G • ∫ dx)
4 (v+c)(v-b)(v-d),
-c,bw
Result Screen
20070201
5-6-5
Manual Graphing
k Drawing Multiple Graphs on the Same Screen
Description
Use the following procedure to assign various values to a variable contained in an expression
and overwrite the resulting graphs on the screen.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. On the Setup screen, change the “Dual Screen” setting to “Off”.
3. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
4. Specify the function type and input the function. The following is the syntax for function
input.
Expression containing one variable ,!+( [ ) variable !.(=)
value , value , ... , value !-( ] )
5. Draw the graph.
20070201
5-6-6
Manual Graphing
Example
To graph y = Ax 2 – 3 as the value of A changes in the sequence 3, 1,
–1.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 2
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !m(SET UP)cc3(Off)J
3 !3(V-WIN)-fwfwbwc
-bawbawcwJ
4 3(TYPE)1(Y=)av(A)vx-d,
!+( [ )av(A)!.(=)d,b,-b!-( ] )w
5 6(DRAW)
Result Screen
# The value of only one of the variables in the
expression can change.
# When Simul Graph is turned on, all of the
graphs for the specified variable values are
drawn simultaneously.
# Any of the following cannot be used for the
variable name: X, Y, r, θ , T.
# Overwrite can be used when graphing
rectangular expressions, polar expressions,
parametric functions, X = constant functions,
and inequalities.
# You cannot assign a variable to the variable
inside the function.
20070201
5-6-7
Manual Graphing
k Using Copy and Paste to Graph a Function
Description
You can graph a function by copying it to the clipboard, and then pasting it into the graph
screen.
There are two types of functions you can paste into the graph screen.
Type 1 (Y= expression)
A function with the Y variable to the left of the equal sign is graphed as Y=
expression.
Example: To paste Y=X and graph it
• Any spaces to the left of Y are ignored.
Type 2 (expression)
Pasting this type of expression graphs Y= expression.
Example: To paste X and graph Y=X
• Any spaces to the left of the expression are ignored.
Set Up
1. Copy the function you want to graph to the clipboard.
2. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
3. On the Setup screen, change the “Dual Screen” setting to “Off”.
4. Make V-Window settings.
5. Draw the graph.
Execution
6. Paste the expression.
# Paste is supported only when “Off” is selected
for the “Dual Screen” setting on the Setup
screen.
# For the graph of a pasted function, the graph
expression that appears when using trace or
other functions is displayed in the format:
Y= expression.
# Though there is no limit per se on the number
of graphs you can draw by pasting a function,
the total number of graphs supported by trace
and other functions is 30 (number of graphs
drawn using expression number 1 to 20, plus
graphs drawn using pasted functions).
# Re-executing a draw without clearing graph
screen memory will redraw all the graphs,
including those produced by pasting functions.
20070201
5-6-8
Manual Graphing
Example
While the graph of y = 2x 2 + 3x – 4 is currently displayed, to paste the
previously copied functionY=X from the clipboard
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Xscale = 2
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 5
Procedure
•
1 m RUN MAT
a-(Y)!.(=)v
!i(CLIP)ddd1(COPY)
2 mGRAPH
3 !m(SET UP)cc3(Off)J
4 !3(V-WIN)-fwfwcwc
-bawbawfwJ
5 3(TYPE)1(Y=)cvx+dv-ew
6(DRAW)
6 !j(PASTE)
Result Screen
20070201
5-7-1
Using Tables
5-7 Using Tables
To enter the TABLE mode, select the TABLE icon on the Main Menu.
k Storing a Function and Generating a Number Table
u To store a function
Example
To store the function y = 3x 2 – 2 in memory areaY1
Use f and c to move the highlighting in the Table relation list to the memory area where
you want to store the function. Next, input the function and press w to store it.
uVariable Specifications
There are two methods you can use to specify value for the variable x when generating a
numeric table.
• Table range method
With this method, you specify the conditions for the change in value of the variable.
• List
With this method, the data in the list you specify is substituted for the x-variable to
generate a number table.
u To generate a table using a table range
Example
To generate a table as the value of variable x changes from –3 to 3, in
increments of 1
m TABLE
5(SET)
-dwdwbw
The numeric table range defines the conditions under which the value of variable x changes
during function calculation.
Start............ Variable x start value
End ............. Variable x end value
Step ............ Variable x value change (interval)
After specifying the table range, press J to return to the Table relation list.
20070201
5-7-2
Using Tables
u To generate a table using a list
1. While the Table relation list is on the screen, display the Setup screen.
2. Highlight Variable and then press 2(LIST) to display the pop-up window.
3. Select the list whose values you want to assign for the x-variable.
• To select List 6, for example, press gw. This causes the setting of the Variable item
of the Setup screen to change to List 6.
4. After specifying the list you want to use, press J to return to the previous screen.
uGenerating a Table
Example
To generate a table of values for the functions stored in memory areas
Y1 andY3 of the Table relation list
Use f and c to move the highlighting to the function you want to select for table
generation and press 1(SEL) to select it.
The “=” sign of selected functions is highlighted on the screen. To deselect a function, move
the cursor to it and press 1(SEL) again.
Press 6(TABL) to generate a number table using the functions you selected. The value of
variable x changes according to the range or the contents of the list you specified.
The example screen shown here shows the results
based on the contents of List 6 (– 3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3).
Each cell can contain up to six digits, including negative sign.
20070201
5-7-3
Using Tables
You can use cursor keys to move the highlighting around the table for the following purposes.
• To display the selected cell’s value at the bottom of the screen, using the calculator’s
current number of decimal place, number of significant digit, and exponential display
range settings
• To scroll the display and view parts of the table that do not fit in the display
• To display at the top of the screen the scientific function that produced the value in the
selected cell (in columns Y1, Y2, etc.)
• To change x variable values by replacing values in column X
Press 1(FORM) or J to return to the Table relation list.
u To generate a differential number table *1
Changing the setting of Setup screen’s Derivative item to On causes a number table that
includes the derivative to be displayed whenever you generate a number table.
Locating the cursor at a differential
coefficient displays “dy/dx” in the top line,
which indicates differential.
u Specifying the function type
You can specify a function as being one of three types.*2
• Rectangular coordinate (Y=)
• Polar coordinate (r=)
• Parametric (Parm)
1. Press 3(TYPE) while the relation list is on the screen.
2. Press the number key that corresponds to the function type you want to specify.
*1An error occurs if a graph for which a range
is specified or an overwrite graph is included
among the graph expressions.
*2The number table is generated only for the
function type specified on the relation list
(Table Func).You cannot generate a number
table for a mixture of different function types.
The function type specified in the GRAPH mode
is not one of these three, entering the TABLE
mode causes the function type to change to
rectangular coordinate (Y=).
20070201
5-7-4
Using Tables
k Editing and Deleting Functions
u To edit a function
Example
To change the function in memory areaY1 from y = 3x 2 – 2 to
y = 3x 2 – 5
Use f and c to move the highlighting to the function you want to edit.
Use e to move the cursor to the beginning of the expression.
Use d and e to move the cursor to the location of the change.
eeeeeeDf
w
6(TABL)
• You can specify the graph line style when graphing a connect type graph (G • CON).
The line style specification also applies to the GRAPH mode.
• The Function Link Feature automatically reflects any changes you make to functions in
the GRAPH mode list, and DYNA mode list.
u To delete a function
1. Use f and c to move the highlighting to the function you want to delete and then
press 2(DEL) or D.
2. Press 1(Yes) to delete the function or 6(No) to abort the operation without deleting
anything.
20070201
5-7-5
Using Tables
k Editing Tables
You can use the table menu to perform any of the following operations once you generate a
table.
• Change the values of variable x
• Edit (delete, insert, and append) rows
• Delete a table
• Draw a connect type graph
• Draw a plot type graph
• {FORM} ... {return to Table relation list}
• {DEL} ... {delete table}
• {ROW}
• {DEL}/{INS}/{ADD} ... {delete}/{insert}/{add} row
• {EDIT} ... {edit value of x-variable}
• {G·CON}/{G·PLT} ... {connected type}/{draw plot type} graph draw
u To change variable values in a table
Example
To change the value in Column x , Row 3 of the table generated on
page 5-7-2 from – 1 to – 2.5
cc
-c.fw
• When you change a variable value in Column x, all values in the columns to the right are
recalculated and displayed.
# If you try to replace a value with an illegal
operation (such as division by zero), an
error occurs and the original value remains
unchanged.
# You cannot directly change any values in the
other (non-x) columns of the table.
20070201
5-7-6
Using Tables
uRow Operations
u To delete a row
Example
To delete Row 2 of the table generated on page 5-7-2
3(ROW)1(DEL)
c
u To insert a row
Example
To insert a new row between Rows 1 and 2 in the table generated on
page 5-7-2
c
3(ROW)2(INS)
20070201
5-7-7
Using Tables
u To add a row
Example
To add a new row below Row 7 in the table generated on page 5-7-2
cccccc
3(ROW)3(ADD)
uDeleting a Table
1. Display the table and then press 2(DEL).
2. Press 1(Yes) to delete the table or 6(No) to abort the operation without deleting
anything.
20070201
5-7-8
Using Tables
k Copying a Table Column to a List
A simple operation lets you copy the contents of a numeric table column into a list.
Use d and e to move the cursor to the column you want to copy. The cursor can be in
any row.
u To copy a table to a list
Example
To copy the contents of Column x into List 1
K1(LMEM)
Input the number of the list you want to copy and then press w.
bw
20070201
5-7-9
Using Tables
k Drawing a Graph from a Number Table
Description
Use the following procedure to generate a number table and then draw a graph based on the
values in the table.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the TABLE mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. Store the functions.
4. Specify the table range.
5. Generate the table.
6. Select the graph type and draw it.
5(G • CON) ... line graph*1
6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph*1
• Selecting 6(G • PLT) draws a 1-dot broken line plot type graph, regardless of the
currently selected line style (page 5-3-6).
*1After drawing the graph, pressing !
6(G ↔ T) or A returns to the number
table screen.
20070201
5-7-10
Using Tables
Example
Store the two functions below, generate a number table, and then draw
a line graph. Specify a range of –3 to 3, and an increment of 1.
Y1 = 3x 2 – 2, Y2 = x 2
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = 0,
Xmax = 6,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –2,
Ymax = 10, Yscale = 2
Procedure
1 m TABLE
2 !3(V-WIN)awgwbwc
-cwbawcwJ
3 3(TYPE)1(Y=)dvx-cw
vxw
4 5(SET)-dwdwbwJ
5 6(TABL)
6 5(G • CON)
Result Screen
# You can use Trace, Zoom, or Sketch after
drawing a graph.
20070201
5-7-11
Using Tables
k Specifying a Range for Number Table Generation
Description
Use the following procedure to specify a number table range when calculating scatter data
from a function.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the TABLE mode.
Execution
2. Store the functions.
3. Specify the table range.
4. Select the functions for which you want to generate a table.
The “=” sign of selected functions is highlighted on the screen.
5. Generate the table.
20070201
5-7-12
Using Tables
Example
Store the three functions shown below, and then generate a table for
functionsY1 andY3. Specify a range of –3 to 3, and an increment of 1.
Y1 = 3x 2 – 2, Y2 = x + 4, Y3 = x 2
Procedure
1 m TABLE
2 3(TYPE)1(Y=)dvx-cw
v+ew
vxw
3 5(SET)-dwdwbwJ
4 ff1(SEL)
5 6(TABL)
Result Screen
# You can generate number tables from
rectangular coordinate, polar coordinate, and
parametric functions.
# You can include derivatives in generated number
tables by specifying On for the Derivative item
on the Setup screen.
20070201
5-7-13
Using Tables
k Simultaneously Displaying a Number Table and Graph
Description
Specifying T+G for Dual Screen on the Setup screen makes it possible to display a number
table and graph at the same time.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the TABLE mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
3. On the Setup screen, select T+G for Dual Screen.
Execution
4. Input the function.
5. Specify the table range.
6. The number table is displayed in the sub-screen on the right.
7. Specify the graph type and draw the graph.
5(G • CON) ... line graph
6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph
# The Setup screen’s “Dual Screen” setting is
applied in the TABLE mode and the RECUR
mode.
20070201
5-7-14
Using Tables
Example
Store the functionY1 = 3x 2 – 2 and simultaneously display its number
table and line graph. Use a table range of –3 to 3 with an increment of 1.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = 0,
Xmax = 6,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –2,
Ymax = 10, Yscale = 2
Procedure
1 m TABLE
2 !3(V-WIN)awgwbwc
-cwbawcwJ
3 !m(SET UP)cc1(T+G)J
4 3(TYPE)1(Y=)dvx-cw
5 5(SET)
-dwdwbwJ
6 6(TABL)
7 5(G • CON)
Result Screen
# You can make the number table active by
# After drawing a graph, you can return to the
pressing K1(CHNG) or A.
number table screen by pressing !6(G↔ T)
or A.
20070201
5-7-15
Using Tables
k Using Graph-Table Linking
Description
With Dual Graph, you can use the following procedure to link the graph and table screens so
the pointer on the graph screen jumps to the location of the currently selected table value.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the TABLE mode.
2. Make the required V-Window settings.
Display the Setup screen, select the Dual Screen item, and change its setting to “T+G”.
Execution
3. Input the function of the graph and make the required table range settings.
4. With the number table on the right side of the display, draw the graph on the left side.
5(G • CON) ... connect type graph
6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph
5. Press K2(GLINK) to enter the Graph-Table Linking mode.
6. Now when you use c and f to move the highlighting among the cells in the table,
the pointer jumps to the corresponding point on the graph screen.
If there are multiple graphs, pressing d and e causes the pointer to jump between
them.
To exit the Graph-Table Linking mode, press J or !J(QUIT).
20070201
5-7-16
Using Tables
Example
Store the functionY1 = 3logx and simultaneously display its number
table and plot-type graph. Use a table range of 2 through 9, with an
increment of 1.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –1,
Ymin = –1,
Xmax = 10, Xscale = 1
Ymax = 4, Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m TABLE
2 !3(V-WIN)-bwbawbwc
-bwewbwJ
!m(SET UP)cc1(T+G)J
3 3(TYPE)1(Y=)dlvw
5(SET)
cwjwbwJ
4 6(TABL)
6(G • PLT)
5 K2(GLINK)
6 c ~ c, f ~ f
Result Screen
…
→
…
←
20070201
5-8-1
Dynamic Graphing
5-8 Dynamic Graphing
k Using Dynamic Graph
Description
Dynamic Graph lets you define a range of values for the coefficients in a function, and then
observe how a graph is affected by changes in the value of a coefficient. It helps to see how
the coefficients and terms that make up a function influence the shape and position of a
graph.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the DYNA mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. On the Setup screen, specify the Dynamic Type.
1(Cnt) ... Continuous
2(Stop) ... Automatic stop after 10 draws
4. Use the cursor keys to select the function type on the built-in function type list.*1
5. Input values for coefficients, and specify which coefficient will be the dynamic
variable.*2
6. Specify the start value, end value, and increment.
7. Specify the drawing speed.
3(SPEED)1( ) .....Pause after each draw (Stop&Go)
2( ) .......Half normal speed (Slow)
3( ) .......Normal speed (Normal)
4( )......Twice normal speed (Fast)
8. Draw the Dynamic Graph.
*1The following are the seven built-in function
types.
1(Y=) ... rectangular coordinate expression
2(r=) ... polar coordinate expression
3(Parm) ... parametric function
•Y=AX+B
•Y=A(X–B)2+C
Entering the DYNA mode when a Function
Type that is not one of the three types listed
above is selected in the GRAPH mode causes
the Function Type to change automatically to
“rectangular coordinate expression (Y=)”.
*2You could also press w here and display the
parameter setting menu.
•Y=AX2+BX+C
•Y=AX^3+BX2+CX+D
•Y=Asin(BX+C)
•Y=Acos(BX+C)
•Y=Atan(BX+C)
After you press 3(TYPE) and select the
function type you want, you can then input the
actual function.
# The message “Too Many Functions” appears
when more than one function is selected for
Dynamic Graphing.
20070201
5-8-2
Dynamic Graphing
Example
Use Dynamic Graph to graph y = A (x – 1)2 – 1, in which the value of
coefficient A changes from 2 through 5 in increments of 1.The Graph
is drawn 10 times.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults)
Procedure
1 m DYNA
2 !3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J
3 !m(SET UP)2(Stop)J
4 5(B-IN)c1(SEL)
5 4(VAR)cwbw-bw
6 2(SET)cwfwbwJ
7 3(SPEED)3( )J
8 6(DYNA)
Result Screen
Repeats from 1 through 4.
↓
1
2
→
←
↓ ↑
4
3
→
←
20070201
5-8-3
Dynamic Graphing
k Drawing a Dynamic Graph Locus
Description
Turning on the Dynamic Graph locus setting on the Setup screen lets you overlay a graph
drawn by changing the coefficient values.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the DYNA mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. On the Setup screen, select “On” for “Locus”.
4. Use the cursor keys to select the function type on the built-in function type list.
5. Input values for coefficients, and specify which coefficient will be the dynamic variable.
6. Specify the start value, end value, and increment.
7. Specify Normal for the draw speed.
8. Draw the Dynamic Graph.
20070201
5-8-4
Dynamic Graphing
Example
Use Dynamic Graph to graph y = Ax , in which the value of coefficient
A changes from 1 through 4 in increments of 1.The Graph is drawn 10
times.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults)
Procedure
1 m DYNA
2 !3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J
3 !m(SET UP)c1(On)J
4 5(B-IN)1(SEL)
5 4(VAR)bwaw
6 2(SET)bwewbwJ
7 3(SPEED)3( )J
8 6(DYNA)
Result Screen
Repeats from 1 through 4.
↓
1
2
→
←
↓ ↑
4
3
→
←
20070201
5-8-5
Dynamic Graphing
k Dynamic Graph Application Examples
Description
You can also use Dynamic Graph to simulate simple physical phenomena.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the DYNA mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. On the Setup screen, specify Stop for Dynamic Type and Deg for Angle.
4. Specify Parm (parametric function) as the function type, and input a function that
contains a dynamic variable.
5. Specify the dynamic coefficient.
6. Specify the start value, end value, and increment.
7. Specify Normal for the draw speed.
8. Start the Dynamic Graph operation.
20070201
5-8-6
Dynamic Graphing
Example
The path over time T of a ball thrown in the air at initial velocity V and
an angle of θ degrees from horizontal can be calculated as follows.
X = (Vcos θ )T, Y = (Vsin θ )T – (1/2)gT2 (g = 9.8m/s2)
Use Dynamic Graph to plot the path of a ball thrown at an initial
velocity of 20 meters per second, at horizontal angles of 30, 45, and 60
degrees (Angle: Deg).
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –1,
Ymin = –1,
Xmax = 42, Xscale = 5
Ymax = 16, Yscale = 2
T min = 0,
θ
T max = 6, T ptch = 0.1
θ
θ
Procedure
1 m DYNA
2 !3(V-WIN) -bwecwfwc
-bwbgwcw
awgwa.bwJ
3 !m(SET UP)2(Stop)
cccccc1(Deg)J
4 3(TYPE)3(Parm)
(cacav(A))vw
(casav(A))v-e.jvxw
5 4(VAR)
6 2(SET)dawgawbfwJ
7 3(SPEED)3( )J
8 6(DYNA)
Result Screen
…
→
…
←
20070201
5-8-7
Dynamic Graphing
k Adjusting the Dynamic Graph Speed
You can use the following procedure to adjust the Dynamic Graph speed while the draw
operation is taking place.
1. While a Dynamic Graph draw operation is being performed, press A to change to the
speed adjustment menu.
• { } ... {Each step of the Dynamic Graph draw operation is performed each time you
press w.}
• { }/{ }/{ } ... {slow (1/2 speed)}/{normal (default speed)}/{fast (double speed)}
• {STO} ... {stores graph conditions and screen data in Dynamic Graph memory}
2. Press the function key (1 to 4) that corresponds to the speed you want to change
to.
k Graph Calculation DOT Switching Function
Use this function to specify drawing of all the dots on the Dynamic Graph X-axis, or every
other dot. This setting is value for Dynamic Func Y= graphic only.
1. Press !m(SET UP) to display the Setup screen.
2. Press cc to select Y=Draw Speed.
3. Select the graphing method.
1(Norm) … Draws all X-axis dots. (initial default)
2(High) … Draws every other X-axis dot. (faster drawing than Normal)
4. Press J.
# To clear the speed adjustment menu without
# Press !6(G↔ T) to return to the graph
changing anything, press w.
screen.
20070201
5-8-8
Dynamic Graphing
k Using Dynamic Graph Memory
You can store Dynamic Graph conditions and screen data in Dynamic Graph memory for
later recall when you need it. This lets you save time, because you can recall the data and
immediately begin a Dynamic Graph draw operation. Note that you can store one set of data
in memory at any one time.
The following is all of the data that makes up a set.
• Graph functions (up to 20)
• Dynamic Graph conditions
• Setup screen settings
• V-Window contents
• Dynamic Graph screen
u To save data in Dynamic Graph memory
1. While a Dynamic Graph draw operation is being performed, press A to change to the
speed adjustment menu.
2. Press 5(STO). In response to the confirmation dialog that appears, press 1(Yes) to
save the data.
u To recall data from Dynamic Graph memory
1. Display the Dynamic Graph relation list.
2. Pressing 6(RCL) recalls Dynamic Graph memory contents and draws the graph.
# If there is already data stored in Dynamic
Graph memory, the data save operation
replaces it with the new data.
# Data recalled from Dynamic Graph memory
replaces the calculator’s current graph functions,
draw conditions, and screen data. The previous
data is lost when it is replaced.
20070201
5-9-1
Graphing a Recursion Formula
5-9 Graphing a Recursion Formula
k Generating a Number Table from a Recursion Formula
Description
You can input up to three of the following types of recursion formulas and generate a number
table.
• General term of sequence {an}, composed of an, n
• Linear two-term recursion composed of an+1, an, n
• Linear three-term recursion composed of an+2, an+1, an, n
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode.
Execution
2. Specify the recursion type.
3(TYPE)1(an) ... {general term of sequence an}
2(an+1) ... {linear two-term recursion}
3(an+2) ... {linear three-term recursion}
3. Input the recursion formula.
4. Specify the table range. Specify a start point and end point for n. If necessary, specify a
value for the initial term, and a pointer start point value if you plan to graph the formula.
5. Display the recursion formula number table.
20070201
5-9-2
Graphing a Recursion Formula
Example
Generate a number table from recursion between three terms
as expressed by a n+2 = a n+1 + a n, with initial terms of a 1 = 1, a 2 = 1
(Fibonacci sequence), as n changes in value from 1 to 6.
Procedure
1 m RECUR
2 3(TYPE)3(an+2)
3 4(n. an ··)3(an+1)+2(an)w
4 5(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwbwJ
5 6(TABL)
Result Screen
* The first two values correspond to
a
1
= 1 and a2 = 1.
# Pressing 1(FORM) will return to the screen
for storing recursion formulas.
# Specifying On for the Σ Display of the Setup
screen causes the sum of each term to be
included in the table.
20070201
5-9-3
Graphing a Recursion Formula
k Graphing a Recursion Formula (1)
Description
After generating a number table from a recursion formula, you can graph the values on a line
graph or plot type graph.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. Specify the recursion formula type and input the formula.
4. Specify the table range, and start and ending values for n. If necessary, specify the
initial term value and pointer start point.
5. Select the line style for the graph.
6. Display the recursion formula number table.
7. Specify the graph type and draw the graph.
5(G • CON) ... line graph
6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph
• Selecting 6(G • PLT) draws a 1-dot broken line plot type graph, regardless of the
currently selected line style (page 5-3-6).
20070201
5-9-4
Graphing a Recursion Formula
Example
Generate a number table from recursion between two terms as
expressed by a n+1 = 2a n +1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes
in value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a line graph.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = 0,
Xmax = 6,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –15, Ymax = 65, Yscale = 5
Procedure
1 m RECUR
2 !3(V-WIN) awgwbwc
-bfwgfwfwJ
3 3(TYPE)2(an+1)c2(an)+bw
4 5(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwJ
5 1(SEL+S)f2( )J
6 6(TABL)
7 5(G • CON)
Result Screen
# After drawing a graph, you can use Trace,
Zoom, and Sketch.
# After drawing a graph, you can return to the
number table screen by pressing !6(G↔ T)
or A.
20070201
5-9-5
Graphing a Recursion Formula
k Graphing a Recursion Formula (2)
Description
The following describes how to generate a number table from a recursion formula and graph
the values while Σ Display is On.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode.
2. On the Setup screen, specify On for Σ Display.
3. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
4. Specify the recursion formula type and input the recursion formula.
5. Specify the table range, and start and ending values for n. If necessary, specify the
initial term value and pointer start point.
6. Select the line style for the graph.
7. Display the recursion formula number table.
8. Specify the graph type and draw the graph.
5(G • CON)1(an) ... Line graph with ordinate an, abscissa n
6(Σ an) ... Line graph with ordinate Σ an, abscissa n
6(G • PLT) 1(an) ... Plot type graph with ordinate an, abscissa n
6(Σ an) ... Plot type graph with ordinate Σ an, abscissa n
• Selecting 6(G • PLT) draws a 1-dot broken line plot type graph, regardless of the
currently selected line style (page 5-3-6).
20070201
5-9-6
Graphing a Recursion Formula
Example
Generate a number table from recursion between two terms as
expressed by a n+1 = 2a n +1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes
in value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a plot line graph with
ordinate Σ a n, abscissa n .
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = 0,
Xmax = 6,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –15, Ymax = 65, Yscale = 5
Procedure
1 m RECUR
2 !m(SET UP)1(On)J
3 !3(V-WIN) awgwbwc
-bfwgfwfwJ
4 3(TYPE)2(an+1)c2(an)+bw
5 5(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwJ
6 1(SEL+S)f2( )J
7 6(TABL)
8 6(G • PLT)6(Σ an)
Result Screen
20070201
5-9-7
Graphing a Recursion Formula
k WEB Graph (Convergence, Divergence)
Description
y = f(x) is graphed by presuming an+1 = y, an = x for linear two-term regression an+1 = f(an)
composed of an+1, an. Next, it can be determined whether the function is convergent or
divergent.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
3. Select 2-term recursion as the recursion formula type, and input the formula.
4. Specify the table range, n start and end points, initial term value, and pointer start point.
5. Display the recursion formula number table.
6. Draw the graph.
7. Press w, and the pointer appears at the start point you specified.
Press w several times.
If convergence exists, lines that resemble a spider web are drawn on the display.
Failure of the web lines to appear indicates either divergence or that the graph is
outside the boundaries of the display screen. When this happens, change to larger
V-Window values and try again.
You can use fc to select the graph.
# To change the graph line style, press
1(SEL+S) after step 4.
# With WEB Graph, you can specify the line type
for a y = f(x) graph. The line type setting is valid
only when “Connect” is selected for “Draw Type”
on the Setup screen.
20070201
5-9-8
Graphing a Recursion Formula
Example
To draw the WEB graph for the recursion formula a n+1 = –3(a n)2 + 3a n,
b n+1 = 3b n + 0.2, and check for divergence or convergence. Use the
following table range and V-Window settings.
Table Range
Start = 0, End = 6, a 0 = 0.01, a nStr = 0.01, b 0 = 0.11, b nStr = 0.11
V-Window Settings
Xmin = 0,
Ymin = 0,
Xmax = 1,
Ymax = 1,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m RECUR
2 !3(V-WIN) awbwbwc
awbwbwJ
3 3(TYPE)2(an+1)-d2(an)x+d2(an)w
d3(bn)+a.cw
4 5(SET)1(a0
)
awgwa.abwa.bbwc
a.abwa.bbwJ
5 6(TABL)
6 4(WEB)
7 w~w(an is convergence)
cw~w(bn is divergence)
Result Screen
20070201
5-9-9
Graphing a Recursion Formula
k Graphing a Recursion Formula on Dual Screen
Description
When “T+G” is specified for the Dual Screen setting, you can view the number table and
graph at the same time.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RECUR mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
3. On the Setup screen, select T+G for Dual Screen.
Execution
4. Specify the recursion formula type and input the formula.
5. Specify the table range, and start and ending values for n . If necessary, specify the
initial term value and pointer start point.
6. Select the line style for the graph.
7. Display the recursion formula number table.
8. Specify the graph type and draw the graph.
5(G • CON) ... line graph
6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph
# The Setup screen’s “Dual Screen” setting is
applied in the TABLE mode and the RECUR
mode.
20070201
5-9-10
Graphing a Recursion Formula
Example
Generate a number table from recursion between two terms as
expressed by a n+1 = 2a n +1, with an initial term of a 1 = 1, as n changes
in value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a line graph.
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = 0,
Xmax = 6,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –15, Ymax = 65, Yscale = 5
Procedure
1 m RECUR
2 !3(V-WIN) awgwbwc
-bfwgfwfwJ
3 !m(SET UP)ccc1(T+G)J
4 3(TYPE)2(an+1)c2(an)+bw
5 5(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwJ
6 1(SEL+S)f2( )J
7 6(TABL)
8 5(G • CON)
Result Screen
# You can make the number table active by
# After drawing a graph, you can return to the
pressing K1(CHNG) or A.
number table screen by pressing !6(G↔ T)
or A.
20070201
5-10-1
Changing the Appearance of a Graph
5-10 Changing the Appearance of a Graph
k Drawing a Line
Description
The sketch function lets you draw points and lines inside of graphs.
You can select one of four different line styles for drawing with the sketch function.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Make V-Window settings.
3. On the Setup screen, use the “Sketch Line” setting to specify the line style you want.
1( ) … Normal (initial default)
2(
3(
4(
) … Thick (twice the thickness of Normal)
) … Broken (thick broken)
) … Dot (dotted)
4. Input the function of the graph.
5. Draw the graph.
Execution
6. Select the sketch function you want to use.*1
!4(SKTCH) 1(Cls) ... Screen clear
2(Tang) ... Tangent line
3(Norm) ... Line normal to a curve
4(Inv) ... Inverse function*2
6(g)1(PLOT)
{Plot}/{Pl • On}/{Pl • Off}/{Pl • Chg}
... Point {Plot}/{On}/{Off}/{Change}
6(g)2(LINE)
{Line}/{F • Line} ... {connects 2 points plotted by 6(g)1(PLOT)
with a line}/{for drawing a line between any 2 points}
6(g)3(Crcl) ... Circle
6(g)4(Vert) ... Vertical line
6(g)5(Hztl) ... Horizontal line
6(g)6(g)1(PEN) ... Freehand
6(g)6(g)2(Text) ... Text input
7. Use the cursor keys to move the pointer ( ) to the location where you want to draw,
and press w.*3
*1 The above shows the function menu that appears
in the GRAPH mode. Menu items may differ
somewhat in other modes.
*3 Some sketch functions require specification of two
points. After you press w to specify the first point,
use the cursor keys to move the pointer to the location
of the second point and press w.
*2 In the case of an inverse function graph, drawing
starts immediately after you select this option.
# You can specify line type for the following sketch
functions: Tangent, Normal, Inverse, Line, F • Line,
Circle, Vertical, Horizontal, Pen
20070201
5-10-2
Changing the Appearance of a Graph
Example
Draw a line that is tangent to point (2, 0) on the graph for
y = x (x + 2)(x – 2).
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults)
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J
3 !m(SET UP)cccccc1( )J
4 3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+c)(v-c)w
5 6(DRAW)
6 !4(SKTCH)2(Tang)
7 e~ew*1
Result Screen
*1You can draw a tangent line in succession by
moving the “ ” pointer and pressing w.
20070201
5-10-3
Changing the Appearance of a Graph
k Inserting Comments
Description
You can insert comments anywhere you want in a graph.
Set Up
1. Draw the graph.
Execution
2. Press !4(SKTCH)6(g)6(g)2(Text), and a pointer appears in the center of
the display.
3. Use the cursor keys to move the pointer to the location where you want the text to be,
and input the text.
x
x
x
2
–1
x , ^, log, In, ', ', 10 , e , 3', x , sin, cos,
# You can input any of the following characters
as comment text: A~Z, r, θ , space, 0~9, ., +, –,
×, ÷, (–), EXP, π , Ans, (, ), [, ], {, }, comma, → ,
tan, sin–1, cos–1, tan–1, i, List, Mat, ∠
20070201
5-10-4
Changing the Appearance of a Graph
Example
Insert text into the graph y = x (x + 2)(x – 2).
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Ymin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Ymax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
!3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc
-fwfwbwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+c)(v-c)w
6(DRAW)
2 !4(SKTCH)6(g)6(g)2(Text)
3 f~f d~d
a-(Y)!.(=)v(v+c)(v-c)
Result Screen
20070201
5-10-5
Changing the Appearance of a Graph
k Freehand Drawing
Description
You can use the pen option for freehand drawing in a graph.
Set Up
1. Draw the graph.
Execution
2. Press !4(SKTCH)6(g)6(g)1(PEN), and a pointer appears in the center of
the screen.
3. Use the cursor keys to move the pointer to the point from which you want to start
drawing, and then press w.
4. Use the cursor keys to move the pointer. A line is drawn wherever you move the pointer.
To stop the line, press w.
Repeat step 3 and 4 to draw other lines.
20070201
5-10-6
Changing the Appearance of a Graph
Example
Use the pen to draw on the graph y = x (x + 2)(x – 2).
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Ymin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Ymax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
!3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc
-fwfwbwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+c)(v-c)w
6(DRAW)
2 !4(SKTCH)6(g)6(g)1(PEN)
3 f~f d~dw
4 cd…, e~e, ef…, d~dw
Result Screen
20070201
5-10-7
Changing the Appearance of a Graph
k Changing the Graph Background
You can use the Setup screen to specify the memory contents of any picture memory area
(Pict 1 through Pict 20) as the Background item. When you do, the contents of the
corresponding memory area is used as the background of the graph screen.
Example 1 With the circle graph X2 +Y2 = 1 as the background, use Dynamic
Graph to graphY = X2 + A as variable A changes value from –1 to 1 in
increments of 1.
Recall the background graph.
(X2 + Y2 = 1)
!m(SET UP)ccccc
2(PICT)bwJ
(When the graph for X2 + Y2 = 1 is stored
in Pict 1)
Draw the dynamic graph.
(Y = X2 – 1)
↓↑
(Y = X2)
↓↑
(Y = X2 + 1)
• See “5-8 Dynamic Graphing” for details on using the Dynamic Graph feature.
20070201
5-11-1
Function Analysis
5-11 Function Analysis
k Reading Coordinates on a Graph Line
Description
Trace lets you move a pointer along a graph and read out coordinates on the display.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Draw the graph.
Execution
3. Press !1(TRCE), and a pointer appears in the center of the graph.*1
4. Use d and e to move the pointer along the graph to the point at which you want to
display the derivative.
When there are multiple graphs on the display, press f and c to move between
them along the x-axis of the current pointer location.
5. You can also move the pointer by pressing v to display the pop-up window, and then
inputting coordinates.
The pop-up window appears even when you input coordinates directly.
To exit a trace operation, press !1(TRCE).
*1The pointer is not visible on the graph when
# You can turn off display of the coordinates at the
it is located at a point outside the graph
display area or when an error of no value
occurs.
pointer location by specifying “Off” for the “Coord”
item on the Setup screen.
20070201
5-11-2
Function Analysis
Example
Read coordinates along the graph of the function shown below.
Y1 = x 2 – 3
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 2
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc
-bawbawcwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=)vx-dw
6(DRAW)
3 !1(TRCE)
4 d~d
5 -bw
Result Screen
# The following shows how coordinates are
displayed for each function type.
• Inequality Graph
• Polar Coordinate Graph
# The pointer will not move if you press the d and
e keys during trace of an “X=c” type graph.
• Parametric Graph
20070201
5-11-3
Function Analysis
k Displaying the Derivative
Description
In addition to using Trace to display coordinates, you can also display the derivative at the
current pointer location.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. On the Setup screen, specify On for Derivative.
3. Draw the graph.
Execution
4. Press !1(TRCE), and the pointer appears at the center of the graph. The current
coordinates and the derivative also appear on the display at this time.
5. Use d and e to move the pointer along the graph to the point at which you want to
display the derivative.
When there are multiple graphs on the display, press f and c to move between
them along the x-axis of the current pointer location.
6. You can also move the pointer by pressing v to display the pop-up window, and then
inputting coordinates.
The pop-up window appears even when you input coordinates directly.
20070201
5-11-4
Function Analysis
Example
Read coordinates and derivatives along the graph of the function
shown below.
Y1 = x 2 – 3
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 2
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !m(SET UP)cccc1(On)J
3 !3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc
-bawbawcwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=)vx-dw
6(DRAW)
4 !1(TRCE)
5 d~d
6 -bw
Result Screen
20070201
5-11-5
Function Analysis
k Graph to Table
Description
You can use trace to read the coordinates of a graph and store them in a number table.You
can also use Dual Graph to simultaneously store the graph and number table, making this an
important graph analysis tool.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. On the Setup screen, specify GtoT for Dual Screen.
3. Make V-Window settings.
Execution
4. Save the function and draw the graph on the active (left) screen.
5. Activate Trace. When there are multiple graphs on the display, press f and c to
select the graph you want.
6. Use d and e to move the pointer and press w to store coordinates into the
number table. Repeat this step to store as many values as you want.
7. Press K1(CHNG) to make the number table active.
8. From the pop-up window, input the list number you want to save.
20070201
5-11-6
Function Analysis
Example
Save, in a table, the coordinates in the vicinity of the points of
intersection at X = 0 for the two graphs shown below, and store the
table contents in List 1.
Y1 = x 2 – 3, Y2 = – x + 2
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 2
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !m(SET UP)cc2(GtoT)J
3 !3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc
-bawbawcwJ
4 3(TYPE)1(Y=) vx-dw
-v+cw
6(DRAW)
5 !1(TRCE)
6 d~dwe~ew
7 K1(CHNG)
8 K2(LMEM)bw
Result Screen
# Instead of pressing K1(CHNG) in step 7,
you could press A to make the number table
active.
20070201
5-11-7
Function Analysis
k Coordinate Rounding
Description
This function rounds off coordinate values displayed by Trace.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Draw the graph.
Execution
3. Press !2(ZOOM)6(g)3(RND). This causes the V-Window settings to be
changed automatically in accordance with the Rnd value.
4. Press !1(TRCE), and then use the cursor keys to move the pointer along the
graph. The coordinates that now appear are rounded.
20070201
5-11-8
Function Analysis
Example
Use coordinate rounding and display the coordinates in the vicinity of
the points of intersection for the two graphs produced by the functions
shown below.
Y1 = x 2 – 3, Y2 = – x + 2
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Ymin = –10, Ymax = 10, Yscale = 2
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc
-bawbawcwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=) vx-dw
-v+cw
6(DRAW)
3 !2(ZOOM)6(g)3(RND)
4 !1(TRCE)
d~d
Result Screen
20070201
5-11-9
Function Analysis
k Calculating the Root
Description
This feature provides a number of different methods for analyzing graphs.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the GRAPH mode.
2. Draw the graphs.
Execution
3. Select the analysis function.
!5(G-SLV)1(ROOT) ... Calculation of root
2(MAX) ... Local maximum value
3(MIN) ... Local minimum value
4(Y-ICPT) ... y-intercept
5(ISCT) ... Intersection of two graphs
6(g)1(Y-CAL) ... y-coordinate for given x-coordinate
6(g)2(X-CAL) ... x-coordinate for given y-coordinate
6(g)3(∫ dx) ... Integral value for a given range
4. When there are multiple graphs on the screen, the selection cursor (k) is located at the
lowest numbered graph. Press f and c to move the cursor to the graph you want to
select.
5. Press w to select the graph where the cursor is located and display the value
produced by the analysis.
When an analysis produces multiple values, press e to calculate the next value.
Pressing d returns to the previous value.
20070201
5-11-10
Function Analysis
Example
Draw the graph shown below and calculate the root forY1.
Y1 = x (x + 2)(x – 2)
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults)
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
2 !3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J
3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+c)(v-c)w
6(DRAW)
3 !5(G-SLV)1(ROOT)
5 e
e
Result Screen
# When analyzing a single graph, results appear
as soon as you select an analysis function in
step 3, so step 4 is not necessary.
# Graph analysis is not possible for the graph
whose function is the format X = constant.
# The y-intercept is the point where the graph
# Root, local maximum value, local minimum
value, and y-intercept can be calculated for
rectangular coordinate graphs and inequality
graphs only.
crosses the y -axis.
# Either of the following can cause poor accuracy or
even make it impossible to obtain solutions.
• When the graph of the solution obtained is a
point of tangency with the x-axis
• When a solution is an inflection point
28
5-11-11
Function Analysis
k Calculating the Point of Intersection of Two Graphs
Description
Use the following procedure to calculate the point of intersection of two graphs.
Set Up
1. Draw the graphs.
Execution
2. Press !5(G-SLV)5(ISCT). When there are three or more graphs, the selection
cursor (k) appears at the lowest numbered graph.
3. Press f and c to move the cursor to the graph you want to select.
4. Press w to select the first graph, which changes the shape of the cursor from k to
.
᭜
5. Press f and c to move the cursor to the second graph.
6. Press w to calculate the point of intersection for the two graphs.
When an analysis produces multiple values, press e to calculate the next value.
Pressing d returns to the previous value.
20070201
5-11-12
Function Analysis
Example
Graph the two functions shown below, and determine the point of
intersection betweenY1 andY2.
Y1 = x + 1, Y2 = x 2
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –5,
Ymin = –5,
Xmax = 5,
Ymax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
!3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc
-fwfwbwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=) v+bw
vxw
6(DRAW)
2 !5(G-SLV)5(ISCT)
6 e
Result Screen
# In the case of two graphs, the point of
intersection is calculated immediately after
you press !55 in step 2.
# Either of the following can cause poor accuracy or
even make it impossible to obtain solutions.
• When a solution is a point of tangency
between two graphs
• When a solution is an inflection point
# You can calculate the point of intersection for
rectangular coordinate graphs and inequality
graphs only.
28
5-11-13
Function Analysis
k Determining the Coordinates for Given Points
Description
The following procedure describes how to determine the y-coordinate for a given x, and the
x-coordinate for a given y.
Set Up
1. Draw the graph.
Execution
2. Select the function you want to perform. When there are multiple graphs, the selection
cursor (k) appears at the lowest numbered graph.
!5(G-SLV)6(g)1(Y-CAL) ... y-coordinate for given x
6(g)2(X-CAL) ... x-coordinate for given y
3. Use fc to move the cursor (k) to the graph you want, and then press w to select
it.
4. Input the given x-coordinate value or y-coordinate value.
Press w to calculate the corresponding y-coordinate value or x-coordinate value.
20070201
5-11-14
Function Analysis
Example
Graph the two functions shown below and then determine the y -
coordinate for x = 0.5 and the x -coordinate for y = 2.2 on graphY2.
Y1 = x + 1, Y2 = x (x + 2)(x – 2)
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults)
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
!3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J
3(TYPE)1(Y=)v+bw
v(v+c)(v-c)w
6(DRAW)
2 !5(G-SLV)6(g)1(Y-CAL)
3 cw
2 !5(G-SLV)6(g)2(X-CAL)
3 cw
4 a.fw
4 c.cw
Result Screen
# When there are multiple results for the above
procedure, press e to calculate the next
value. Pressing d returns to the previous
value.
# The X-CAL value cannot be obtained for a
parametric function graph.
# After obtaining coordinates with the above
procedure, you can input different coordinates by
first pressing v.
# Step 3 of the above procedure is skipped
when there is only one graph on the display.
20070201
5-11-15
Function Analysis
k Calculating the lntegral Value for a Given Range
Description
Use the following procedure to obtain integration values for a given range.
Set Up
1. Draw the graph.
Execution
2. Press !5(G-SLV)6(g)3(∫ dx). When there are multiple graphs, this causes the
selection cursor (k) to appear at the lowest numbered graph.
3. Use fc to move the cursor (k) to the graph you want, and then press w to select
it.
4. Use de to move the lower limit pointer to the location you want, and then press w.
You can also move the pointer by pressing v to display the pop-up window, and then
inputting coordinates.
5. Use e to move the upper limit pointer to the location you want.
You can also move the pointer by pressing v to display the pop-up window, and then
inputting the upper limit and lower limit values for the integration range.
6. Press w to calculate the integral value.
# You can also specify the lower limit and upper
limit by inputting them on the 10-key pad.
# Integral values can be calculated for rectangular
coordinate graphs only.
# When setting the range, make sure that the
lower limit is less than the upper limit.
20070201
5-11-16
Function Analysis
Example
Graph the function shown below, and then determine the integral value
at (–2, 0).
Y1 = x (x + 2)(x – 2)
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –4,
Ymax = 4,
Yscale = 1
Procedure
1 m GRAPH
!3(V-WIN) -g.dwg.dwbwc
-ewewbwJ
3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+c)(v-c)w
6(DRAW)
2 !5(G-SLV)6(g)3(∫ dx)
4 d~d(Lower limit: x = –2)w
5 e~e(Upper limit: x = 0)
6 w
Result Screen
20070201
5-11-17
Function Analysis
k Conic Section Graph Analysis
You can determine approximations of the following analytical results using conic section
graphs.
• Focus/vertex/eccentricity
• Length of latus rectum
• Center/radius
• x-/y-intercept
• Directrix/axis of symmetry drawing and analysis
• Asymptote drawing and analysis
1. From the Main Menu, enter the CONICS mode.
2. Use f and c to select the conic section you want to analyze.
3. Input the conic section constants.
4. Draw the Graph.
After graphing a conic section, press !5(G-SLV) to display the following graph analysis
menus.
u Parabolic Graph Analysis
• {FOCS}/{VTX}/{LEN}/{e} ... {focus}/{vertex}/{length of latus rectum}/{eccentricity}
• {DIR}/{SYM} ... {directrix}/{axis of symmetry}
• {X-IN}/{Y-IN} ... {x-intercept}/{y-intercept}
u Circular Graph Analysis
• {CNTR}/{RADS} ... {center}/{radius}
• {X-IN}/{Y-IN} ... {x-intercept}/{y-intercept}
u Elliptical Graph Analysis
• {FOCS}/{VTX}/{CNTR}/{e} ... {focus}/{vertex}/{center}/{eccentricity}
• {X-IN}/{Y-IN} ... {x-intercept}/{y-intercept}
u Hyperbolic Graph Analysis
• {FOCS}/{VTX}/{CNTR}/{e} ... {focus}/{vertex}/{center}/{eccentricity}
• {ASYM} ... {asymptote}
• {X-IN}/{Y-IN} ... {x-intercept}/{y-intercept}
The following examples show how to use the above menus with various types of conic
section graphs.
20070201
5-11-18
Function Analysis
u To calculate the focus, vertex and length of latus rectum
[G-SLV]-[FOCS]/[VTX]/[LEN]
Example
To determine the focus, vertex and length of latus rectum for the
parabola X = (Y – 2)2 + 3
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –1,
Ymin = –5,
Xmax = 10, Xscale = 1
Ymax = 5, Yscale = 1
m CONICS
w
bwcwdw6(DRAW)
!5(G-SLV)
1(FOCS)
(Calculates the focus.)
!5(G-SLV)
4(VTX)
(Calculates the vertex.)
!5(G-SLV)
5(LEN)
(Calculates the length of latus rectum.)
• When calculating two foci for an ellipse or hyperbolic graph, press e to calculate the
second focus. Pressing d returns to the first focus.
• When calculating two vertexes for a hyperbolic graph, press e to calculate the second
vertex. Pressing d returns to the first vertex.
• Pressing e when calculating the vertices of an ellipse will calculate the next value.
Pressing d will scroll back through previous values. An ellipse has four vertices.
20070201
5-11-19
Function Analysis
u To calculate the center and radius
[G-SLV]-[CNTR]/[RADS]
Example
To determine the center and radius for the circle
(X + 2)2 + (Y + 1)2 = 22
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults)
m CONICS
ccccw
-cw-bwcw6(DRAW)
!5(G-SLV)
1(CNTR)
(Calculates the center.)
!5(G-SLV)
2(RADS)
(Calculates the radius.)
20070201
5-11-20
Function Analysis
u To calculate the x- and y-intercepts
[G-SLV]-[X-IN]/[Y-IN]
Example
To determine the x - and y -intercepts for the hyperbola
(X – 3)2
22
(Y – 1)2
22
–
= 1
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –4,
Ymin = –5,
Xmax = 8,
Ymax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
m CONICS
cccccccw
cwcwdwbw6(DRAW)
!5(G-SLV)
2(X-IN)
(Calculates the x-intercept.)
!5(G-SLV)
3(Y-IN)
(Calculates the y-intercept.)
• Press e to calculate the second set of x -/y -intercepts. Pressing d returns to the first
set of intercepts.
20070201
5-11-21
Function Analysis
u To draw and analyze the axis of symmetry and directrix
[G-SLV]-[SYM]/[DIR]
Example
To draw the axis of symmetry and directrix for the parabola
X = 2(Y – 1)2 + 1
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –3.1, Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults)
mCONICS
w
cwbwbw6(DRAW)
!5(G-SLV)
2(SYM)
(Draws the axis of symmetry.)
!5(G-SLV)
3(DIR)
(Draws the directrix.)
20070201
5-11-22
Function Analysis
u To draw and analyze the asymptotes
[G-SLV]-[ASYM]
Example
To draw the asymptotes for the hyperbola
(X – 1)2
22
(Y – 1)2
22
–
= 1
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscale = 1
Ymin = –5,
Ymax = 5,
Yscale = 1
m CONICS
cccccccw
cwcwbwbw6(DRAW)
!5(G-SLV)
5(ASYM)
(Draws the asymptotes.)
u To calculate eccentricity
[G-SLV]-[e]
Example
To determine the eccentricity of the graph for ellipse
(X – 2)2
42
(Y – 2)2
22
+
= 1
Use the following V-Window settings.
Xmin = –3,
Ymin = –1,
Xmax = 7,
Ymax = 5,
Xscale = 1
Yscale = 1
m CONICS
ccccccw
ewcwcwcw6(DRAW)
!5(G-SLV)
6(g)1(e)
(Calculates eccentricity.)
# Certain V-Window parameters can produce
errors in values produced as graph analysis
results.
# The following can result in inaccurate analysis
results or may even make it impossible to obtain a
solution at all.
# The message ”Not Found” appears on the
display when graph analysis is unable to
produce a result.
- When the solution is tangent to the x-axis.
- When the solution is a point of tangency
between two graphs.
20070201
Chapter
6
Statistical Graphs and
Calculations
This chapter describes how to input statistical data into lists, how to
calculate the mean, maximum and other statistical values, how to
perform various statistical tests, how to determine the confidence
interval, and how to produce a distribution of statistical data.
It also tells you how to perform regression calculations.
6-1 Before Performing Statistical Calculations
6-2 Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable
Statistical Data
6-3 Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable
Statistical Data
6-4 Performing Statistical Calculations
6-5 Tests
6-6 Confidence Interval
6-7 Distribution
Important!
• This chapter contains a number of graph screen shots. In each case, new
data values were input in order to highlight the particular characteristics of
the graph being drawn. Note that when you try to draw a similar graph, the
unit uses data values that you have input using the List function. Because
of this, the graphs that appear on the screen when you perform a graphing
operation will probably differ somewhat from those shown in this manual.
20070201
6-1-1
Before Performing Statistical Calculations
6-1 Before Performing Statistical Calculations
Entering the STAT mode from the Main Menu displays the List Editor screen.
You can use the List Editor screen to input statistical data and perform statistical calculations.
Use f, c, d and e to move
the highlighting around the lists.
Once you input data, you can use it to produce a graph and check for tendencies.You can
also use a variety of different regression calculations to analyze the data.
• For information about using the statistical data lists, see “3. List Function”.
k Inputting Data into Lists
Example
To input the following two data groups
0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2
–2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4
a.fwb.cw
c.ewewf.cw
e
-c.bwa.dw
b.fwcwc.ew
Once data is input, you can use it for graphing and statistical calculations.
# Except for complex numbers, calculation
results can be input as statistical data.
# You can use the f, c, d and e keys to
move the highlighting to any cell in the lists for
data input.
20070201
6-1-2
Before Performing Statistical Calculations
k Changing Graph Parameters
Use the following procedures to specify the graph draw/non-draw status, the graph type, and
other general settings for each of the graphs in the graph menu (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3).
While the statistical data list is on the display, press 1(GRPH) to display the graph menu,
which contains the following items.
• {GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3} ... graph {1}/{2}/{3} drawing*1
• {SEL} ... {simultaneous graph (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3) selection}
You can specify the multiple graphs.
• {SET} ... {graph settings (graph type, list assignments)}
1. General graph settings
[GRPH]-[SET]
This section describes how to use the general graph settings screen to make the following
settings for each graph (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3).
• Graph Type
The initial default graph type setting for all the graphs is scatter graph.You can select one of
a variety of other statistical graph types for each graph.
• List
The initial default statistical data is List 1 for single-variable data, and List 1 and List 2 for
paired-variable data.You can specify which statistical data list you want to use for x-data and
y-data.
• Frequency
Normally, each data item or data pair in the statistical data list is represented on a graph as
a point. When you are working with a large number of data items however, this can cause
problems because of the number of plot points on the graph. When this happens, you
can specify a frequency list that contains values indicating the number of instances (the
frequency) of the data items in the corresponding cells of the lists you are using for x-data
and y-data. Once you do this, only one point is plotted for the multiple data items, which
makes the graph easier to read.
*1The initial default graph type setting for all the
# You can specify the graph draw/non-draw
graphs (Graph 1 through Graph 3) is scatter
diagram, but you can change to one of a
number of other graph types.
status, the graph type, and other general
settings for each of the graphs in the graph
menu (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3).
20070201
6-1-3
Before Performing Statistical Calculations
• Mark Type
This setting lets you specify the shape of the plot points on the graph.
u To display the general graph settings screen
[GRPH]-[SET]
Pressing 1(GRPH)6(SET) displays the general graph settings screen.
• The settings shown here are examples only. The settings on your general graph settings
screen may differ.
• StatGraph (statistical graph specification)
• {GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3} ... graph {1}/{2}/{3}
• Graph Type (graph type specification)
• {Scat}/{xy}/{NPP} ... {scatter diagram}/{xy line graph}/{normal probability plot}
• {Hist}/{Box}/{N·Dis}/{Brkn} ... {histogram}/{med-box graph}/{normal distribution curve}/
{broken line graph}
• {X}/{Med}/{X^2}/{X^3}/{X^4} ... {linear regression graph}/{Med-Med graph}/{quadratic
regression graph}/{cubic regression graph}/{quartic regression graph}
• {Log}/{Exp}/{Pwr}/{Sin}/{Lgst} ... {logarithmic regression graph}/{exponential regression
graph}/{power regression graph}/{sinusoidal regression graph}/{logistic regression
graph}
• XList (x -axis data list)
• {LIST} ... {List 1 to 26}
•YList (y -axis data list)
• {LIST} ... {List 1 to 26}
• Frequency (number of times a value occurs)
• {1} ... {1-to-1 plot}
• {LIST} ... frequency data in {List 1 to 26}
• Mark Type (plot mark type)
• {ꢀ }/{× }/{•} ... scatter diagram plot points
• Outliers (outliers specification)
• {On}/{Off} ... {display}/{do not display} Med-Box outliers
20070201
6-1-4
Before Performing Statistical Calculations
2. Graph draw/non-draw status
[GRPH]-[SEL]
The following procedure can be used to specify the draw (On)/non-draw (Off) status of each
of the graphs in the graph menu.
u To specify the draw/non-draw status of a graph
1. Pressing 1(GRPH)4(SEL) displays the graph On/Off screen.
• Note that the StatGraph1 setting is for Graph 1 (GPH1 of the graph menu), StatGraph2
is for Graph 2, and StatGraph3 is for Graph 3.
2. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the graph whose status you want to
change, and press the applicable function key to change the status.
• {On}/{Off} ... {On (draw)}/{Off (non-draw)}
• {DRAW} ... {draws all On graphs}
3. To return to the graph menu, press J.
# V-Window parameters are normally set
automatically for statistical graphing. If you
want to set V-Window parameters manually,
you must change the Stat Wind item to
“Manual”.
1-Sample Z Test, 2-Sample Z Test, 1-Prop Z
Test, 2-Prop Z Test, 1-Sample t Test, 2-Sample
2
t Test, χ Test, 2-Sample F Test (x-axis only
disregarded).
# The default setting automatically uses List 1
data as x-axis (horizontal) values and List 2
data as y-axis (vertical) values. Each set of x/y
data is a point on the scatter diagram.
While the statistical data list is on the display,
perform the following procedure.
!m(SET UP)2(Man)
J(Returns to previous menu.)
Note that V-Window parameters are set
automatically for the following types of graphs
regardless of whether or not the Stat Wind
item is set to “Manual”.
20070201
6-2-1
Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
6-2 Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable
Statistical Data
Single-variable data is data with only a single variable. If you are calculating the average
height of the members of a class for example, there is only one variable (height).
Single-variable statistics include distribution and sum. The following types of graphs are
available for single-variable statistics.
You can also use the procedures under “Changing Graph Parameters” on page 6-1-2 to
make the settings you want before drawing each graph.
k Normal Probability Plot (NPP)
This plot compares the data accumulated ratio with a normal distribution accumulated ratio.
XList specifies the list where data is input, and Mark Type is used to select from among the
marks {ꢀ / × / • }you want to plot.
Press A, J or !J(QUIT) to return to the statistical data list.
k Histogram (Bar Graph) (Hist)
XList specifies the list where the data is input, while Freq specifies the list where the data
frequency is input. 1 is specified for Freq when frequency is not specified.
⇒
w(Draw)
The display screen appears as shown above before the graph is drawn. At this point, you can
change the Start and Width values.
20070201
6-2-2
Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
k Med-box Graph (MedBox)
This type of graph lets you see how a large number of data items are grouped within specific
ranges. A box encloses all the data in an area from the first quartile (Q1) to the third quartile
(Q3), with a line drawn at the median (Med). Lines (called whiskers) extend from either end
of the box up to the minimum (minX) and maximum (maxX) of the data.
From the statistical data list, press 1(GRPH) to display the graph menu, press 6(SET),
and then change the graph type of the graph you want to use (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3) to
med-box graph.
minX
Q1 Med Q3 maxX
To plot the data that falls outside the box, first specify “MedBox” as the Graph Type. Then, on
the same screen you use to specify the graph type, turn the Outliers item “On”, and draw the
graph.
20070201
6-2-3
Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
•
k Normal Distribution Curve (N Dis)
The normal distribution curve is graphed using the following normal distribution function.
2
(
)
x–x
1
y
e–
2
2xσn
=
(2 π) xσn
XList specifies the list where the data is input, while Freq specifies the list where the data
frequency is input. 1 is specified for Freq when frequency is not specified.
k Broken Line Graph (Brkn)
Lines connect center points of a histogram bar.
XList specifies the list where the data is input, while Freq specifies the list where the data
frequency is input. 1 is specified for Freq when frequency is not specified.
⇒
w(Draw)
The display screen appears as shown above before the graph is drawn. At this point, you can
change the Start and Width values.
20070201
6-2-4
Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
k Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Single-Variable Graph
Single-variable statistics can be expressed as both graphs and parameter values. When
these graphs are displayed, the single-variable calculation results appear as shown below
when you press 1(1VAR).
• Use c to scroll the list so you can view the items that run off the bottom of the screen.
The following describes the meaning of each of the parameters.
x¯ ..............mean
Σ x ............sum
Σ x2 ..........sum of squares
xσ n ..........population standard deviation
xσ n–1 ........sample standard deviation
n ..............number of data items
minX ........minimum
Q1............first quartile
Med..........median
Q3............third quartile
maxX .......maximum
Mod..........mode
Mod : n ....number of data mode items
Mod : F ....data mode frequency
• Press 6(DRAW) to return to the original single-variable statistical graph.
# When Mod has multiple solutions, they are all
displayed.
20070201
6-3-1
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
6-3 Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable
Statistical Data
k Drawing a Scatter Diagram and xy Line Graph
Description
The following procedure plots a scatter diagram and connects the dots to produce an xy line
graph.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the STAT mode.
Execution
2. Input the data into a list.
3. Specify Scat (scatter diagram) or xy (xy line graph) as the graph type, and then execute
the graph operation.
Press A, J or !J(QUIT) to return to the statistical data list.
20070201
6-3-2
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Example
Input the two sets of data shown below. Next, plot the data on a
scatter diagram and connect the dots to produce an xy line graph.
0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 (x List)
–2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4 (y List)
Procedure
1 m STAT
2 a.fwb.cw
c.ewewf.cw
e
-c.bwa.dw
b.fwcwc.ew
3 (Scatter diagram)1(GRPH)6(SET)c1(Scat)J
1(GPH1)
3 (xy line graph) 1(GRPH)6(SET)c2(xy)J
1(GPH1)
Result Screen
(Scatter diagram)
(xy line graph)
20070201
6-3-3
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Drawing a Regression Graph
Description
Use the following procedure to input paired-variable statistical data, perform a regression
calculation using the data, and then graph the results.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the STAT mode.
Execution
2. Input the data into a list, and plot the scatter diagram.
3. Select the regression type, execute the calculation, and display the regression
parameters.
4. Draw the regression graph.
# You can perform trace on a regression graph.
You cannot perform trace scroll.
20070201
6-3-4
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Example
Input the two sets of data shown below and plot the data on a scatter
diagram. Next, perform logarithmic regression on the data to display
the regression parameters, and then draw the corresponding
regression graph.
0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 (x List)
–2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4 (y List)
Procedure
1 m STAT
2 a.fwb.cw
c.ewewf.cw
e
-c.bwa.dw
b.fwcwc.ew
1(GRPH)6(SET)c1(Scat)J
1(GPH1)
3 1(CALC)6(g)2(Log)
4 6(DRAW)
Result Screen
20070201
6-3-5
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Selecting the Regression Type
After you graph paired-variable statistical data, press 1(CALC). Then you can use the
function menu at the bottom of the display to select from a variety of different types of
regression.
• {2VAR} ... {paired-variable statistical results}
• {X}/{Med}/{X^2}/{X^3}/{X^4}/{Log}/{Exp}/{Pwr}/{Sin}/{Lgst}
... {linear regression}/{Med-Med}/{quadratic regression}/{cubic regression}/{quartic
regression}/{logarithmic regression}/{exponential regression}/{power regression}/
{sinusoidal regression}/{logistic regression} calculation and graphing
k Displaying Regression Calculation Results
Whenever you perform a regression calculation, the regression formula parameter (such as
a and b in the linear regression y = ax + b) calculation results appear on the display.You can
use these to obtain statistical calculation results.
Regression parameters are calculated as soon as you press a function key to select a
regression type, while a graph is on the display.
k Graphing Statistical Calculation Results
While the parameter calculation result is on the display, you can graph the displayed
regression formula by pressing 6(DRAW).
20070201
6-3-6
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Linear Regression Graph
Linear regression uses the method of least squares to plot a straight line that passes close to
as many data points as possible, and returns values for the slope and y-intercept
(y-coordinate when x = 0) of the line.
The graphic representation of this relationship is a linear regression graph.
1(CALC)2(X)
6(DRAW)
The following is the linear regression model formula.
y = ax + b
a ..............regression coefficient (slope)
b ..............regression constant term (y-intercept)
r ..............correlation coefficient
r2 .............coefficient of determination
MSe ........mean square error
k Med-Med Graph
When it is suspected that there are a number of extreme values, a Med-Med graph can be
used in place of the least squares method. This is similar to linear regression, but it
minimizes the effects of extreme values.
1(CALC)3(Med)
6(DRAW)
The following is the Med-Med graph model formula.
y = ax + b
a...............Med-Med graph slope
b...............Med-Med graph y-intercept
# Input a positive integer for frequency data.
Other types of values (decimals, etc.) cause
an error.
20070201
6-3-7
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Quadratic/Cubic/Quartic Regression Graph
A quadratic/cubic/quartic regression graph represents connection of the data points of a
scatter diagram. It uses the method of least squares to draw a curve that passes close to
as many data points as possible. The formula that represents this is quadratic/cubic/quartic
regression.
Ex. Quadratic regression
1(CALC)4(X^2)
6(DRAW)
Quadratic regression
Model formula.......y = ax2 + bx + c
a...............regression second coefficient
b...............regression first coefficient
c...............regression constant term (y-intercept)
r2 .............coefficient of determination
MSe ........mean square error
Cubic regression
Model formula.......y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
a...............regression third coefficient
b...............regression second coefficient
c...............regression first coefficient
d...............regression constant term (y-intercept)
r2 .............coefficient of determination
MSe ........mean square error
Quartic regression
Model formula.......y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e
a...............regression fourth coefficient
b...............regression third coefficient
c...............regression second coefficient
d...............regression first coefficient
e...............regression constant term (y-intercept)
r2 .............coefficient of determination
MSe ........mean square error
20070201
6-3-8
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Logarithmic Regression Graph
Logarithmic regression expresses y as a logarithmic function of x. The standard logarithmic
regression formula is y = a + b × In x, so if we say that X = In x, the formula corresponds to
linear regression formula y = a + bX.
1(CALC)6(g)2(Log)
6(DRAW)
The following is the logarithmic regression model formula.
y = a + b·ln x
a...............regression constant term
b...............regression coefficient
r...............correlation coefficient
r2 .............coefficient of determination
MSe ........mean square error
k Exponential Regression Graph
Exponential regression expresses y as a proportion of the exponential function of x. The
standard exponential regression formula is y = a × ebx, so if we take the logarithms of both
sides we get In y = In a + bx. Next, if we say Y = In y, and A = In a, the formula corresponds
to linear regression formula Y = A + bx.
1(CALC)6(g)3(Exp)
6(DRAW)
The following is the exponential regression model formula.
y = a·ebx
a...............regression coefficient
b...............regression constant term
r...............correlation coefficient
r2 .............coefficient of determination
MSe ........mean square error
20070201
6-3-9
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Power Regression Graph
Power regression expresses y as a proportion of the power of x. The standard power
regression formula is y = a × xb, so if we take the logarithm of both sides we get In y =
In a + b × In x. Next, if we say X = In x, Y = In y, and A = In a, the formula corresponds to
linear regression formula Y = A + bX.
1(CALC)6(g)4(Pwr)
6(DRAW)
The following is the power regression model formula.
y = a·xb
a...............regression coefficient
b...............regression power
r...............correlation coefficient
r2 .............coefficient of determination
MSe ........mean square error
k Sinusoidal Regression Graph
Sinusoidal regression is best applied for cyclical data.
The following is the sinusoidal regression model formula.
y = a·sin(bx + c) + d
While the statistical data list is on the display, perform the following key operation.
1(CALC)6(g)5(Sin)
6(DRAW)
Make sure that the angle unit setting of the calculator is Rad (radians) when drawing a
sinusoidal regression graph. The sinusoidal regression calculation is performed using
radians, so the graph will cannot be drawn correctly if the angle unit setting is something
else.
• Certain types of data may take a long time to calculate. This does not indicate malfunction.
20070201
6-3-10
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Logistic Regression Graph
Logistic regression is best applied for time-based phenomena in which there is a continual
increase until a saturation point is reached.
The following is the logistic regression model formula.
c
y =
–bx
1 + ae
1(CALC)6(g)6(g)1(Lgst)
6(DRAW)
• Certain types of data may take a long time to calculate. This does not indicate malfunction.
k Residual Calculation
Actual plot points (y-coordinates) and regression model distance can be calculated during
regression calculations.
While the statistical data list is on the display, recall the Setup screen to specify a LIST (“List
1” through “List 26”) for “Resid List”. Calculated residual data is stored in the specified list.
The vertical distance from the plots to the regression model will be stored in the list.
Plots that are higher than the regression model are positive, while those that are lower are
negative.
Residual calculation can be performed and saved for all regression models.
# Any data already existing in the selected list is
cleared. The residual of each plot is stored in
the same precedence as the data used as the
model.
20070201
6-3-11
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Paired-Variable Graph
Paired-variable statistics can be expressed as both graphs and parameter values. When
these graphs are displayed, the paired-variable calculation results appear as shown below
when you press 1(CALC)1(2VAR).
• Use c to scroll the list so you can view the items that run off the bottom of the screen.
Σ y2 ......sum of squares of data stored in yList
o ............. mean of data stored in xList
yσ n ......population standard deviation of data
stored in yList
yσ n-1 ....sample standard deviation of data
stored in yList
Σ xy.......sum of the product of data stored in
xList and yList
Σ x ........... sum of data stored in x List
Σ x2 .......... sum of squares of data
stored in xList
xσ n .......... population standard
deviation of data stored in
xList
minX....minimum of data stored in xList
maxX...maximum of data stored in xList
minY....minimum of data stored in yList
maxY...maximum of data stored in yList
xσ n-1 ........ sample standard deviation
of data stored in xList
n ............. number of data
p .............. mean of data stored in yList
Σ y ........... sum of data stored in yList
k Copying a Regression Graph Formula to the GRAPH Mode
You can copy regression formula calculation results to the GRAPH mode graph relation list,
and store and compare.
1. While a regression calculation result is on the display (see “Displaying Regression
Calculation Results” on page 6-3-5), press 5(COPY).
• This will display the GRAPH mode graph relation list.*1
2. Use f and c to highlight the area to which you want to copy the regression formula
of the displayed result.
3. Press w to save the copied graph formula and return to the previous regression
calculation result display.
*1You cannot edit regression formulas for graph
formulas in the GRAPH mode.
20070201
6-3-12
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Multiple Graphs
You can draw more than one graph on the same display by using the procedure under
“Changing Graph Parameters” to set the graph draw (On)/non-draw (Off) status of two or
all three of the graphs to draw On, and then pressing 6(DRAW)(see page 6-1-4). After
drawing the graphs, you can select which graph formula to use when performing single-
variable statistic or regression calculations.
1(CALC)
2(X)
• The text at the top of the screen indicates the currently selected graph (StatGraph1 =
Graph 1, StatGraph2 = Graph 2, StatGraph3 = Graph 3).
1. Press c. The graph name at the top of the screen changes when you do.
2. When the graph you want to use is selected, press w.
20070201
6-3-13
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
k Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph
Description
You can overlay a paired-variable statistical graph with any type of function graph you want.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the STAT mode.
Execution
2. Input the data into a list, and draw the statistical graph.
3. Display the Graph Function menu, and input the function you want to overlay on the
statistical graph.
4. Graph the function.
20070201
6-3-14
Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Example
Input the two sets of data shown below. Next, plot the data on a scatter
diagram and overlay a function graph y = 2ln x .
0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2
–2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4
Procedure
1 m STAT
2 a.fwb.cw
c.ewewf.cw
e
-c.bwa.dw
b.fwcwc.ew
1(GRPH)1(GPH1)
3 2(DefG)
cIvw(Register Y1 = 2In x)
4 6(DRAW)
Result Screen
# You can also perform trace, etc. for drawn
function graphs.
# Pressing J while inputting a function returns
the expression to what it was prior to input.
Pressing !J(QUIT) clears the input
# Graphs of types other than rectangular
coordinate graphs cannot be drawn.
expression and returns to the statistical data list.
20070201
6-4-1
Performing Statistical Calculations
6-4 Performing Statistical Calculations
All of the statistical calculations up to this point were performed after displaying a graph. The
following procedures can be used to perform statistical calculations alone.
u To specify statistical calculation data lists
You have to input the statistical data for the calculation you want to perform and specify
where it is located before you start a calculation. Display the statistical data and then press
2(CALC)6(SET).
The following is the meaning for each item.
1Var XList .............location of single-variable statistic x values (XList)
1Var Freq..............location of single-variable frequency values (Frequency)
2Var XList .............location of paired-variable statistic x values (XList)
2Var YList..............location of paired-variable statistic y values (YList)
2Var Freq..............location of paired-variable frequency values (Frequency)
• Calculations in this section are performed based on the above specifications.
20070201
6-4-2
Performing Statistical Calculations
k Single-Variable Statistical Calculations
In the previous example under “Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Single-Variable
Graph”, statistical calculation results were displayed after the graph was drawn. These were
numeric expressions of the characteristics of variables used in the graphic display.
These values can also be directly obtained by displaying the statistical data list and pressing
2(CALC)1(1VAR).
After this, pressing f or c scrolls the statistical calculation result display so you can view
variable characteristics.
For details on the meanings of these statistical values, see “Displaying the Calculation
Results of a Drawn Single-Variable Graph” (page 6-2-4).
k Paired-Variable Statistical Calculations
In the previous example under “Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Paired-
Variable Graph”, statistical calculation results were displayed after the graph was drawn.
These were numeric expressions of the characteristics of variables used in the graphic
display.
These values can also be directly obtained by displaying the statistical data list and pressing
2(CALC)2(2VAR).
After this, pressing f or c scrolls the statistical calculation result display so you can view
variable characteristics.
For details on the meanings of these statistical values, see “Displaying the Calculation
Results of a Drawn Paired-Variable Graph” (page 6-3-11).
20070201
6-4-3
Performing Statistical Calculations
k Regression Calculation
In the explanations from “Linear Regression Graph” to “Logistic Regression Graph,”
regression calculation results were displayed after the graph was drawn. Here, each
coefficient value of the regression line or regression curve is expressed as a number.
You can directly determine the same expression from the data input screen.
Pressing 2(CALC)3(REG) displays a function menu, which contains the following items.
• {X}/{Med}/{X^2}/{X^3}/{X^4}/{Log}/{Exp}/{Pwr}/{Sin}/{Lgst} ...
{linear regression}/{Med-Med}/{quadratic regression}/{cubic regression}/
{quartic regression}/{logarithmic regression}/{exponential regression}/
{power regression}/{sinusoidal regression}/{logistic regression} parameters
Example
To display single-variable regression parameters
2(CALC)3(REG)1(X)
The meanings of the parameters that appear on this screen are the same as those for
“Linear Regression Graph” to “Logistic Regression Graph”.
u Calculation of the Coefficient of Determination (r2) and MSe
You can use the STAT mode to calculate the coefficient of determination (r2) for quadratic
regression, cubic regression, and quartic regression. The following types of MSe calculations
are also available for each type of regression.
20070201
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Performing Statistical Calculations
n
1
n – 2
1
n – 3
1
n – 4
1
n – 5
1
n – 2
1
n – 2
1
n – 2
1
n – 2
(yi – (axi + b))2
• Linear Regression ...
• Quadratic Regression ...
• Cubic Regression ...
• Quartic Regression ...
• Logarithmic Regression ...
• Exponential Repression ...
• Power Regression ...
• Sin Regression ...
MSe =
MSe =
MSe =
MSe =
MSe =
MSe =
MSe =
MSe =
MSe =
Σ
i=1
n
(yi – (axi 2+ bxi + c))2
(yi – (axi3+ bxi2+ cxi + d))2
(yi – (axi4+ bxi3 + cxi2 + dxi + e))2
(yi – (a + b ln xi ))2
Σ
i=1
n
Σ
i=1
n
Σ
i=1
n
Σ
i=1
n
(ln yi – (ln a + bxi ))2
Σ
i=1
n
(ln yi – (ln a + bln xi ))2
(yi – (a sin (bxi + c) + d ))2
Σ
i=1
n
Σ
i=1
n
2
1
n – 2
C
• Logistic Regression ...
yi
–
Σ
-bxi
1 + ae
i=1
u Estimated Value Calculation for Regression Graphs
The STAT mode also includes a Y-CAL function that uses regression to calculate the
estimated y-value for a particular x-value after graphing a paired-variable statistical
regression.
The following is the general procedure for using the Y-CAL function.
1. After drawing a regression graph, press !5(G-SLV)1(Y-CAL) to enter the graph
selection mode, and then press w.
If there are multiple graphs on the display, use f and c to select the graph you
want, and then press w.
• This causes an x-value input dialog box to appear.
20070201
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Performing Statistical Calculations
2. Input the value you want for x and then press w.
• This causes the coordinates for x and y to appear at the bottom of the display, and
moves the pointer to the corresponding point on the graph.
3. Pressing v or a number key at this time causes the x-value input dialog box to
reappear so you can perform another estimated value calculation if you want.
4. After you are finished, press J to clear the coordinate values and the pointer from
the display.
• The pointer does not appear if the calculated coordinates are not within the display
range.
• The coordinates do not appear if “Off” is specified for the “Coord” item of the Setup
screen.
• The Y-CAL function can also be used with a graph drawn by using DefG feature.
u Regression Formula Copy Function from a Regression Calculation Result
Screen
In addition to the normal regression formula copy function that lets you copy the regression
calculation result screen after drawing a statistical graph (such as Scatter Plot), the STAT
mode also has a function that lets you copy the regression formula obtained as the result of
a regression calculation. To copy a resulting regression formula, press 6(COPY).
20070201
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Performing Statistical Calculations
k Estimated Value Calculation ( , )
•
After drawing a regression graph with the STAT mode, you can use the RUN MAT mode to
calculate estimated values for the regression graph’s x and y parameters.
Example
To perform a linear regression using the nearby data
and estimate the values of ţ and xů when xi = 20 and
yi = 1000
xi
yi
10
15
20
25
30
1003
1005
1010
1011
1014
1. From the Main Menu, enter the STAT mode.
2. Input data into the list and draw the linear regression graph.
•
3. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN MAT mode.
4. Press the keys as follows.
ca(value of xi)
K5(STAT)2(ţ)w
The estimated value ţ is displayed for xi = 20.
baaa(value of yi)
1(xˆ)w
The estimated value xˆ is displayed for yi = 1000.
# You cannot obtain estimated values for a Med-
Med, quadratic regression, cubic regression,
quartic regression, sinusoidal regression, or
logistic regression graph.
20070201
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Performing Statistical Calculations
k Normal Probability Distribution Calculation
You can calculate normal probability distributions for single-variable statistics with the
•
RUN MAT mode.
Press K6(g)3(PROB)6(g) to display a function menu, which contains the following
items.
• {P(}/{Q(}/{R(} ... obtains normal probability {P(t)}/{Q(t)}/{R(t)} value
• {t (} ... {obtains normalized variate t (x ) value}
• Normal probability P(t), Q(t), and R(t), and normalized variate t(x) are calculated using
the following formulas.
Standard Normal Distribution
P(t)
Q(t)
R(t)
t
t
t
0
0
0
Example
The following table shows the results of measurements of the height
of 20 college students. Determine what percentage of the students fall
in the range 160.5 cm to 175.5 cm. Also, in what percentile does the
175.5 cm tall student fall?
Class no. Height (cm) Frequency
1
2
158.5
160.5
163.3
167.5
170.2
173.3
175.5
178.6
180.4
186.7
1
1
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Performing Statistical Calculations
1. From the Main Menu, enter the STAT mode.
2. Input the height data into List 1 and the frequency data into List 2.
3. Perform the single-variable statistical calculations.*1
2(CALC)6(SET)
1(LIST)bw
c2(LIST)cw!J(QUIT)
2(CALC)1(1VAR)
•
4. Press m, select the RUN MAT mode, press K6(g)3(PROB) to recall the
probability calculation (PROB) menu.
3(PROB)6(g)4(t () bga.f)w
(Normalized variate t for 160.5cm)
Result: –1.633855948
–1.634)
(
4(t () bhf.f)w
(Normalized variate t for 175.5cm)
Result: 0.4963343361
0.496)
(
1(P()a.ejg)-
1(P()-b.gde)w
(Percentage of total)
Result:
Result:
0.638921
(63.9% of total)
3(R()a.ejg)w
(Percentile)
0.30995
(31.0 percentile)
*1You can obtain the normalized variate
immediately after performing single-variable
statistical calculations only.
20070201
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Performing Statistical Calculations
k Drawing a Normal Probability Distribution Graph
Description
You can draw a normal probability distribution graph using manual graphing with the
•
RUN MAT mode.
Set Up
•
1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN MAT mode.
Execution
2. Input the commands to draw a rectangular coordinate graph.
3. Input the probability value.
20070201
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Performing Statistical Calculations
Example
To draw a normal probability P (0.5) graph.
Procedure
1 m RUN • MAT
2 !4(SKTCH)1(Cls)w
5(GRPH)1(Y=)
3 K6(g)3(PROB)6(g)1(P()a.fw
Result Screen
20070201
6-5-1
Tests
6-5 Tests
The Z Test provides a variety of different standardization-based tests. They make it possible
to test whether or not a sample accurately represents the population when the standard
deviation of a population (such as the entire population of a country) is known from previous
tests. Z testing is used for market research and public opinion research, that need to be
performed repeatedly.
1-Sample Z Test tests for the unknown population mean when the population standard
deviation is known.
2-Sample Z Test tests the equality of the means of two populations based on independent
samples when both population standard deviations are known.
1-Prop Z Test tests for an unknown proportion of successes.
2-Prop Z Test tests to compare the proportion of successes from two populations.
The t Test tests the hypothesis when the population standard deviation is unknown. The
hypothesis that is the opposite of the hypothesis being proven is called the null hypothesis,
while the hypothesis being proved is called the alternative hypothesis. The t -test is normally
applied to test the null hypothesis. Then a determination is made whether the null hypothesis
or alternative hypothesis will be adopted.
1-Sample t Test tests the hypothesis for a single unknown population mean when the
population standard deviation is unknown.
2-Sample t Test compares the population means when the population standard deviations
are unknown.
LinearReg t Test calculates the strength of the linear association of paired data.
2
χ Test tests hypothesis concerning the proportion of samples included in each of a number
of independent groups. Mainly, it generates cross-tabulation of two categorical variables
(such as yes, no) and evaluates the independence of these variables. It could be used, for
example, to evaluate the relationship between whether or not a driver has ever been involved
in a traffic accident and that person’s knowledge of traffic regulations.
2-Sample F Test tests the hypothesis for the ratio of sample variances. It could be used, for
example, to test the carcinogenic effects of multiple suspected factors such as tobacco use,
alcohol, vitamin deficiency, high coffee intake, inactivity, poor living habits, etc.
ANOVA tests the hypothesis that the population means of the samples are equal when
there are multiple samples. It could be used, for example, to test whether or not different
combinations of materials have an effect on the quality and life of a final product.
One-Way ANOVA is used when there is one independent variable and one dependent
variable.
Two-Way ANOVA is used when there are two independent variables and one dependent
variable.
20070201
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Tests
The following pages explain various statistical calculation methods based on the principles
described above. Details concerning statistical principles and terminology can be found in
any standard statistics textbook.
On the initial STAT mode screen, press 3(TEST) to display the test menu, which contains
the following items.
• 3(TEST)1(Z) ... Z Tests (page 6-5-2)
2(t) ... t Tests (page 6-5-10)
2
3(CHI) ... χ Test (page 6-5-18)
4(F) ... 2-Sample F Test (page 6-5-20)
5(ANOV) ... ANOVA (page 6-5-22)
k Z Tests
u Z Test Common Functions
You can use the following graph analysis functions after drawing a Z Test result output graph.
• 1(Z) ... Displays z score.
Pressing 1(Z) displays the z score at the bottom of the display, and displays the pointer at
the corresponding location in the graph (unless the location is off the graph screen).
Two points are displayed in the case of a two-tail test. Use d and e to move the pointer.
Press J to clear the z score.
• 2(P) ... Displays p-value.
Pressing 2(P) displays the p-value at the bottom of the display without displaying the
pointer.
Press J to clear the p-value.
u 1-Sample Z Test
This test is used when the population standard deviation is known to test the hypothesis. The
1-Sample Z Test is applied to the normal distribution.
o : mean of sample
o – μ0
Z =
μ
0
: assumed population mean
σ
σ : population standard deviation
n
n : size of sample
# The following V-Window settings are used for
drawing the graph.
Xmin = –3.2, Xmax = 3.2, Xscale = 1,
Ymin = –0.1, Ymax = 0.45, Yscale = 0.1
# Executing an analysis function automatically
stores the z and p values in alpha variables Z
and P, respectively.
20070201
6-5-3
Tests
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
1(Z)
1(1-S)
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data.............................. data type
μ .................................. population mean value test conditions (“G μ 0” specifies
two-tail test, “< μ 0” specifies lower one-tail test, “> μ 0
”
specifies upper one-tail test.)
μ 0
................................. assumed population mean
σ .................................. population standard deviation (σ > 0)
List................................ list whose contents you want to use as data (List 1 to 26)
Freq.............................. frequency (1 or List 1 to 26)
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
x¯ .................................. mean of sample
n .................................. size of sample (positive integer)
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
20070201
6-5-4
Tests
Calculation Result Output Example
μ G11.4 ........................ direction of test
z .................................. z score
p .................................. p-value
x¯ .................................. mean of sample
xσ n-1 ............................. sample standard deviation
(Displayed only for Data: List setting.)
n .................................. size of sample
• For details about graph screen function keys 1(Z) and 2(P), see “Z Test
Common Functions” on page 6-5-2.
# [Save Res] does not save the μ condition in
line 2.
20070201
6-5-5
Tests
u 2-Sample Z Test
This test is used when the standard deviations for two populations are known to test the
hypothesis. The 2-Sample Z Test is applied to the normal distribution.
x¯ 1 : mean of sample 1
x¯ 2 : mean of sample 2
o1 – o2
Z =
σ 2 σ 2
n11 n22
σ
σ
n
1
: population standard deviation of sample 1
: population standard deviation of sample 2
: size of sample 1
+
2
1
n
2
: size of sample 2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
1(Z)
2(2-S)
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data.............................. data type
μ 1
................................. population mean value test conditions (“G μ 2” specifies
two-tail test, “< μ 2” specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is
smaller than sample 2, “> μ 2” specifies one-tail test where
sample 1 is greater than sample 2.)
σ
σ
1
2
................................. population standard deviation of sample 1 (σ 1 > 0)
................................. population standard deviation of sample 2 (σ 2 > 0)
List(1) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as sample 1 data
(List 1 to 26)
List(2) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as sample 2 data
(List 1 to 26)
Freq(1).......................... frequency of sample 1 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Freq(2).......................... frequency of sample 2 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph
20070201
6-5-6
Tests
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
x¯ 1 ................................. mean of sample 1
n
1
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1
x¯ 2 ................................. mean of sample 2
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 2
n
2
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
Calculation Result Output Example
μ 1Gμ 2 ........................... direction of test
z.................................... z score
p .................................. p-value
x¯ 1 ................................. mean of sample 1
x¯ 2 ................................. mean of sample 2
x1σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 1
(Displayed only for Data: List setting.)
x2σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 2
(Displayed only for Data: List setting.)
n
n
1
2
................................. size of sample 1
................................. size of sample 2
• For details about graph screen function keys 1(Z) and 2(P), see “Z Test
Common Functions” on page 6-5-2.
# [Save Res] does not save the μ 1 condition
in line 2.
20070201
6-5-7
Tests
u 1-Prop Z Test
This test is used to test for an unknown proportion of successes. The 1-Prop Z Test is
applied to the normal distribution.
x
p
0
: expected sample proportion
– p0
n
n : size of sample
Z =
p0(1– p0)
n
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
1(Z)
3(1-P)
Prop.............................. sample proportion test conditions (“G p0” specifies two-tail
test, “< p0” specifies lower one-tail test, “> p0” specifies upper
one-tail test.)
p
0
................................. expected sample proportion (0 < p0 < 1)
x .................................. sample value (x > 0 integer)
n .................................. size of sample (positive integer)
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
Calculation Result Output Example
PropG0.5...................... direction of test
z.................................... z score
p................................... p-value
pˆ ................................... estimated sample proportion
n................................... size of sample
• For details about graph screen function keys 1(Z) and 2(P), see “Z Test
Common Functions” on page 6-5-2.
# [Save Res] does not save the Prop condition
in line 2.
20070201
6-5-8
Tests
u 2-Prop Z Test
This test is used to compare the proportion of successes. The 2-Prop Z Test is applied to
the normal distribution.
x
x
x
x
n
n
1
2
: data value of sample 1
: data value of sample 2
: size of sample 1
n11 n22
–
Z =
1
2
1
1
p(1– p )
+
: size of sample 2
n1 n2
pˆ : estimated sample proportion
Perform the following key operation from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
1(Z)
4(2-P)
p
1
................................. sample proportion test conditions (“G p2” specifies two-tail
test, “< p2” specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller
than sample 2, “> p2” specifies one-tail test where sample 1
is greater than sample 2.)
x
1
................................. data value (x1 > 0 integer) of sample 1
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1
................................. data value (x2 > 0 integer) of sample 2
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 2
n
1
x
2
n
2
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
20070201
6-5-9
Tests
Calculation Result Output Example
p
1>p2 ............................ direction of test
z ................................... z score
p .................................. p-value
pˆ 1 ................................. estimated proportion of sample 1
pˆ 2 ................................. estimated proportion of sample 2
pˆ .................................. estimated sample proportion
n
n
1
................................. size of sample 1
................................. size of sample 2
2
• For details about graph screen function keys 1(Z) and 2(P), see “Z Test
Common Functions” on page 6-5-2.
# [Save Res] does not save the p1 condition
in line 2.
20070201
6-5-10
Tests
k t Tests
u t Test Common Functions
You can use the following graph analysis functions after drawing a t Test result output graph.
• 1(T) ... Displays t score.
Pressing 1(T) displays the t score at the bottom of the display, and displays the pointer at
the corresponding location in the graph (unless the location is off the graph screen).
Two points are displayed in the case of a two-tail test. Use d and e to move the pointer.
Press J to clear the t score.
•2(P) ... Displays p-value.
Pressing 2(P) displays the p-value at the bottom of the display without displaying the
pointer.
Press J to clear the p-value.
# The following V-Window settings are used for
drawing the graph.
# Executing an analysis function automatically
stores the t and p values in alpha variables T
and P, respectively.
Xmin = –3.2, Xmax = 3.2, Xscale = 1,
Ymin = –0.1, Ymax = 0.45, Yscale = 0.1
20070201
6-5-11
Tests
u 1-Sample t Test
This test uses the hypothesis test for a single unknown population mean when the population
standard deviation is unknown. The 1-Sample t Test is applied to t-distribution.
μ
x¯
: mean of sample
: assumed population mean
o –
xσn–1
0
t =
μ
0
xσ n-1 : sample standard deviation
: size of sample
n
n
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
2(t)
1(1-S)
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data.............................. data type
μ .................................. population mean value test conditions (“G μ 0” specifies two-
tail test, “< μ 0” specifies lower one-tail test, “> μ 0” specifies
upper one-tail test.)
μ 0
................................. assumed population mean
List ............................... list whose contents you want to use as data (List 1 to 26)
Freq.............................. frequency (1 or List 1 to 26)
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
x¯ .................................. mean of sample
xσ n-1 ............................. sample standard deviation (xσ n-1 > 0)
n .................................. size of sample (positive integer)
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
20070201
6-5-12
Tests
Calculation Result Output Example
μ G 11.3 ...................... direction of test
t ................................... t score
p .................................. p-value
x¯ .................................. mean of sample
xσ n-1 ............................. sample standard deviation
n .................................. size of sample
• For details about graph screen function keys 1(T) and 2(P), see “t Test
Common Functions” on page 6-5-10.
# [Save Res] does not save the μ condition in
line 2.
20070201
6-5-13
Tests
u 2-Sample t Test
2-Sample t Test compares the population means when the population standard deviations
are unknown. The 2-Sample t Test is applied to t-distribution.
The following applies when pooling is in effect.
x¯ 1 : mean of sample 1
o1 – o2
t
=
x¯ 2 : mean of sample 2
1σ n-1 : standard deviation of
sample 1
2σ n-1 : standard deviation of
sample 2
1
1
x
x
2
+
x
pσn–1
n1 n2
(n1–1)x1σ n–1 +(n2–1)x2 σ
2
2
n–1
xpσn–1
=
n1 + n2 – 2
n
n
1
: size of sample 1
: size of sample 2
2
df
=
n1
+
n2
– 2
x
pσ n-1 : pooled sample standard
deviation
df : degrees of freedom
The following applies when pooling is not in effect.
x¯ 1 : mean of sample 1
x¯ 2 : mean of sample 2
1σ n-1 : standard deviation of
sample 1
2σ n-1 : standard deviation of
sample 2
o1 – o2
t =
2
2
x
σn–1
1n1
x
σn–1
2n2
x
x
+
1
df =
2
C
(1–C )2
n
n
1
: size of sample 1
: size of sample 2
+
n1–1 n2–1
2
2
df : degrees of freedom
x
σn–1
1n1
C =
2
2
x
σn–1
x
σn–1
1n1
2n2
+
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
2(t)
2(2-S)
20070201
6-5-14
Tests
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data.............................. data type
μ 1
................................. sample mean value test conditions (“G μ 2” specifies two-tail
test, “< μ 2” specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller
than sample 2, “> μ 2” specifies one-tail test where sample 1
is greater than sample 2.)
List(1) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as data of sample 1
(List 1 to 26)
List(2) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as data of sample 2
(List 1 to 26)
Freq(1).......................... frequency of sample 1 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Freq(2).......................... frequency of sample 2 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Pooled.......................... pooling On (in effect) or Off (not in effect)
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
x¯ 1 ................................. mean of sample 1
x
1σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation (x1σ n-1 > 0) of sample 1
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1
x¯ 2 ................................. mean of sample 2
2σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation (x2σ n-1 > 0) of sample 2
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 2
n
1
x
n
2
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
20070201
6-5-15
Tests
Calculation Result Output Example
μ 1Gμ 2 ........................... direction of test
t ................................... t score
p .................................. p-value
df ................................. degrees of freedom
x¯ 1 ................................. mean of sample 1
x¯ 2 ................................. mean of sample 2
x
x
x
1σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 1
2σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 2
pσ n-1 ............................ pooled sample standard deviation (Displayed only when
Pooled: On setting.)
n
n
1
2
................................. size of sample 1
................................. size of sample 2
• For details about graph screen function keys 1(T) and 2(P), see “t Test
Common Functions” on page 6-5-10.
# [Save Res] does not save the μ 1 condition
in line 2.
20070201
6-5-16
Tests
u LinearReg t Test
LinearReg t Test treats paired-variable data sets as (x, y) pairs, and uses the method
of least squares to determine the most appropriate a, b coefficients of the data for the
regression formula y = a + bx. It also determines the correlation coefficient and t value, and
calculates the extent of the relationship between x and y.
n
a : intercept
(x – o)(y – p)
Σ
b : slope of the line
n : size of sample (n > 3)
r : correlation coefficient
r2 : coefficient of
n – 2
i=1
b =
a = p – bo
t = r
n (x – o)2
2
1 – r
Σ
i=1
determination
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
2(t)
3(REG)
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
β & ρ ............................ p-value test conditions (“G 0” specifies two-tail test, “< 0”
specifies lower one-tail test, “> 0” specifies upper one-tail
test.)
XList ............................. list for x-axis data (List 1 to 26)
YList ............................. list for y-axis data (List 1 to 26)
Freq.............................. frequency (1 or List 1 to 26)
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
# You cannot draw a graph for LinearReg t Test.
20070201
6-5-17
Tests
Calculation Result Output Example
β G 0 & ρ G 0............... direction of test
t ................................... t score
p .................................. p-value
df ................................. degrees of freedom
a .................................. constant term
b .................................. coefficient
s ................................... standard error
r ................................... correlation coefficient
r2 ................................. coefficient of determination
Pressing 6(COPY) while a calculation result is on the display copies the regression formula
to the graph relation list.
When there is a list specified for the [Resid List] item on the Setup screen, regression
formula residual data is automatically saved to the specified list after the calculation is
finished.
# When the list specified by [Save Res] is the
same list specified by the [Resid List] item
on the Setup screen, only [Resid List] data is
saved in the list.
# [Save Res] does not save the β & ρ
conditions in line 2.
20070201
6-5-18
Tests
k χ 2 Test
χ 2 Test sets up a number of independent groups and tests hypothesis related to the
2
proportion of the sample included in each group. The χ Test is applied to dichotomous
variables (variable with two possible values, such as yes/no).
k
Expected counts
×
xij
k
xij
j=1
Σ Σ
i=1
Fij =
xij
ΣΣ
i=1 j=1
(x – Fij)2
k
ij F
χ2 =
ΣΣ
ij
i=1 j=1
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
3(CHI)
Next, specify the matrix that contains the data. The following shows the meaning of the
above item.
Observed...................... name of matrix (A to Z) that contains observed counts (all
cells positive integers)
Expected ...................... name of matrix (A to Z) that is for saving expected frequency
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph
# The matrix must be at least two lines by two
columns. An error occurs if the matrix has
only one line or one column.
# Pressing 2('MAT) while setting parameters
enters the Matrix Editor, which you can use to
edit and view the contents of matrices.
# Pressing 1(Mat) while the “Observed” and
“Expected” parameter settings are highlighted
will display the Matrix (A to Z) setting screen.
20070201
6-5-19
Tests
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
Calculation Result Output Example
2
2
χ ................................. χ value
p .................................. p-value
df ................................. degrees of freedom
You can use the following graph analysis functions after drawing a graph.
2
• 1(CHI) ... Displays χ value.
2
Pressing 1(CHI) displays the χ value at the bottom of the display, and displays the pointer
at the corresponding location in the graph (unless the location is off the graph screen).
2
Press J to clear the χ value.
• 2(P) ... Displays p-value.
Pressing 2(P) displays the p-value at the bottom of the display without displaying the
pointer.
Press J to clear the p-value.
# Executing an analysis function automatically
stores the χ and p values in alpha variables
C and P, respectively.
# Pressing 6('MAT) while a calculation
2
result is displayed enters the Matrix Editor,
which you can use to edit and view the
contents of matrices.
# The following V-Window settings are used for
drawing the graph.
Xmin = 0, Xmax = 11.5, Xscale = 2,
Ymin = –0.1, Ymax = 0.5, Yscale = 0.1
20070201
6-5-20
Tests
k 2-Sample F Test
2-Sample F Test tests the hypothesis for the ratio of sample variances. The F Test is applied
to the F distribution.
2
x
1σn–1
2σn–1
F =
2
x
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
4(F)
The following is the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data.............................. data type
σ
1
................................. population standard deviation test conditions (“G σ 2”
specifies two-tail test, “< σ 2” specifies one-tail test where
sample 1 is smaller than sample 2, “> σ 2” specifies one-tail
test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2.)
List(1) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as data of sample 1
(List 1 to 26)
List(2) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as data of sample 2
(List 1 to 26)
Freq(1).......................... frequency of sample 1 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Freq(2).......................... frequency of sample 2 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Save Res...................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
x
1σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation (x1σ n-1 > 0) of sample 1
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1
2σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation (x2σ n-1 > 0) of sample 2
n
1
x
n
2
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 2
20070201
6-5-21
Tests
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
Calculation Result Output Example
σ
1Gσ 2 ........................... direction of test
F .................................. F value
p .................................. p-value
x¯ 1 ................................. mean of sample 1 (Displayed only for Data: List setting.)
x¯ 2 ................................. mean of sample 2 (Displayed only for Data: List setting.)
x1σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 1
x2σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 2
n
n
1
................................. size of sample 1
................................. size of sample 2
2
You can use the following graph analysis functions after drawing a graph.
• 1(F) ... Displays F value.
Pressing 1(F) displays the F value at the bottom of the display, and displays the pointer at
the corresponding location in the graph (unless the location is off the graph screen).
Two points are displayed in the case of a two-tail test. Use d and e to move the pointer.
Press J to clear the F value.
• 2(P) ... Displays p-value.
Pressing 2(P) displays the p-value at the bottom of the display without displaying the
pointer.
Press J to clear the p-value.
# Executing an analysis function automatically
stores the F and p values in alpha variables
F and P, respectively.
# [Save Res] does not save the σ 1 condition
in line 2.
# V-Window settings are automatically
optimized for drawing the graph.
20070201
6-5-22
Tests
k ANOVA
ANOVA tests the hypothesis that the population means of the samples are equal when there
are multiple samples.
One-Way ANOVA is used when there is one independent variable and one dependent
variable.
Two-Way ANOVA is used when there are two independent variables and one dependent
variable.
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
3(TEST)
5(ANOV)
The following is the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
How Many .................... selects One-Way ANOVA or Two-Way ANOVA (number of
levels)
Factor A........................ category list (List 1 to 26)
Dependnt...................... list to be used for sample data (List 1 to 26)
Save Res...................... first list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to
22)*1
Execute ........................ executes a calculation or draws a graph (Two-Way ANOVA
only)
The following item appears in the case of Two-Way ANOVA only.
Factor B........................ category list (List 1 to 26)
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph (Two-Way ANOVA only).
Calculation results are displayed in table form, just as they appear in science books.
*1 [Save Res] saves each vertical column
of the table into its own list. The leftmost
column is saved in the specified list, and each
subsequent column to the right is saved in
the next sequentially numbered list. Up to five
lists can be used for storing columns.You can
specify an first list number in the range of 1 to
22.
20070201
6-5-23
Tests
Calculation Result Output Example
One-Way ANOVA
Line 1 (A)...................... Factor A df value, SS value, MS value, F value, p-value
Line 2 (ERR) ................ Error df value, SS value, MS value
Two-Way ANOVA
Line 1 (A)...................... Factor A df value, SS value, MS value, F value, p-value
Line 2 (B)...................... Factor B df value, SS value, MS value, F value, p-value
Line 3 (AB) ................... Factor A × Factor B df value, SS value, MS value, F value,
p-value
*Line 3 does not appear when there is only one observation
in each cell.
Line 4 (ERR) ................ Error df value, SS value, MS value
F .................................. F value
p .................................. p-value
df ................................ degrees of freedom
SS ................................ sum of squares
MS ............................... mean squares
With Two-Way ANOVA, you can draw Interaction Plot graphs. The number of graphs depends
on Factor B, while the number of X-axis data depends on the Factor A. The Y-axis is the
average value of each category.
You can use the following graph analysis function after drawing a graph.
• 1(Trace) or !1(TRCE) ... Trace function
Pressing d or e moves the pointer on the graph in the corresponding direction. When
there are multiple graphs, you can move between graphs by pressing f and c.
Press J to clear the pointer from the display.
# Using the Trace function automatically stores
the number of conditions to alpha variable A
and the mean value to variable M,
respectively.
# Graphing is available with Two-Way ANOVA
only. V-Window settings are performed
automatically, regardless of Setup screen
settings.
20070201
6-5-24
Tests
k ANOVA (Two-Way)
u Description
The nearby table shows measurement results for a metal product produced by a heat
treatment process based on two treatment levels: time (A) and temperature (B). The
experiments were repeated twice each under identical conditions.
B (Heat Treatment Temperature)
A (Time)
B1
B2
A1
A2
113
133
,
,
116 139
131 126
,
,
132
122
Perform analysis of variance on the following null hypothesis, using a significance level of
5%.
Ho
Ho
Ho
: No change in strength due to time
: No change in strength due to heat treatment temperature
: No change in strength due to interaction of time and heat treatment temperature
u Solution
Use two-way ANOVA to test the above hypothesis.
Input the above data as shown below.
List1={1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2}
List2={1,1,2,2,1,1,2,2}
List3={113,116,139,132,133,131,126,122}
Define List 3 (the data for each group) as Dependent. Define List 1 and List 2 (the factor
numbers for each data item in List 3) as Factor A and Factor B respectively.
Executing the test produces the following results.
• Time differential (A) level of significance P = 0.2458019517
The level of significance (p = 0.2458019517) is greater than the significance level (0.05),
so the hypothesis is not rejected.
• Temperature differential (B) level of significance P = 0.04222398836
The level of significance (p = 0.04222398836) is less than the significance level (0.05), so
the hypothesis is rejected.
• Interaction (A × B) level of significance P = 2.78169946e-3
The level of significance (p = 2.78169946e-3) is less than the significance level (0.05), so
the hypothesis is rejected.
The above test indicates that the time differential is not significant, the temperature
differential is significant, and interaction is highly significant.
20070201
6-5-25
Tests
u Input Example
u Results
20070201
6-6-1
Confidence Interval
6-6 Confidence Interval
A confidence interval is a range (interval) that includes a statistical value, usually the
population mean.
A confidence interval that is too broad makes it difficult to get an idea of where the population
value (true value) is located. A narrow confidence interval, on the other hand, limits the
population value and makes it difficult to obtain reliable results. The most commonly used
confidence levels are 95% and 99%. Raising the confidence level broadens the confidence
interval, while lowering the confidence level narrows the confidence level, but it also
increases the chance of accidently overlooking the population value. With a 95% confidence
interval, for example, the population value is not included within the resulting intervals 5% of
the time.
When you plan to conduct a survey and then t test and Z test the data, you must also
consider the sample size, confidence interval width, and confidence level. The confidence
level changes in accordance with the application.
1-Sample Z Interval calculates the confidence interval for an unknown population mean
when the population standard deviation is known.
2-Sample Z Interval calculates the confidence interval for the difference between two
population means when the population standard deviations of two samples are known.
1-Prop Z Interval calculates the confidence interval for an unknown proportion of successes.
2-Prop Z Interval calculates the confidence interval for the difference between the propotion
of successes in two populations.
1-Sample t Interval calculates the confidence interval for an unknown population mean
when the population standard deviation is unknown.
2-Sample t Interval calculates the confidence interval for the difference between two
population means when both population standard deviations are unknown.
On the initial STAT mode screen, press 4(INTR) to display the confidence interval menu,
which contains the following items.
• 4(INTR)1(Z) ... Z intervals (page 6-6-3)
2(t) ... t intervals (page 6-6-8)
# There is no graphing for confidence interval
functions.
20070201
6-6-2
Confidence Interval
u General Confidence Interval Precautions
Inputting a value in the range of 0 < C-Level < 1 for the C-Level setting sets you value you
input. Inputting a value in the range of 1 < C-Level < 100 sets a value equivalent to your input
divided by 100.
# Inputting a value of 100 or greater, or a
negative value causes an error (Ma ERROR).
20070201
6-6-3
Confidence Interval
k Z Interval
u 1-Sample Z Interval
1-Sample Z Interval calculates the confidence interval for an unknown population mean
when the population standard deviation is known.
The following is the confidence interval.
α
2
σ
n
Left = o – Z
α
2
σ
n
Right = o + Z
However, α is the level of significance. The value 100 (1 – α) % is the confidence level.
When the confidence level is 95%, for example, inputting 0.95 produces 1 – 0.95 = 0.05 = α.
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
4(INTR)
1(Z)
1(1-S)
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data ............................. data type
C-Level......................... confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
σ ................................... population standard deviation (σ > 0)
List ............................... list whose contents you want to use as sample data
(List 1 to 26)
Freq.............................. sample frequency (1 or List 1 to 26)
Save Res ..................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
x¯ .................................. mean of sample
n .................................. size of sample (positive integer)
20070201
6-6-4
Confidence Interval
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
Left .............................. confidence interval lower limit (left edge)
Right ............................ confidence interval upper limit (right edge)
x¯ .................................. mean of sample
xσ n-1 ............................. sample standard deviation
(Displayed only for Data: List setting.)
n .................................. size of sample
u 2-Sample Z Interval
2-Sample Z Interval calculates the confidence interval for the difference between two
population means when the population standard deviations of two samples are known.
The following is the confidence interval. α is the level of significance. The value 100 (1 – α)
% is the confidence level.
σ12 σ22
x¯ 1 : mean of sample 1
x¯ 2 : mean of sample 2
α
+
Left = (o1 – o2) – Z
n1 n2
2
σ
1
: population standard deviation
of sample 1
σ12 σ22
+
α
2
Right = (o1 – o2) + Z
n1 n2
σ
2
: population standard deviation
of sample 2
n
n
1
2
: size of sample 1
: size of sample 2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
4(INTR)
1(Z)
2(2-S)
20070201
6-6-5
Confidence Interval
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data ............................. data type
C-Level......................... confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
σ
σ
1
................................. population standard deviation of sample 1 (σ 1 > 0)
2
................................. population standard deviation of sample 2 (σ 2 > 0)
List(1) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as data of sample 1
(List 1 to 26)
List(2) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as data of sample 2
(List 1 to 26)
Freq(1) ......................... frequency of sample 1 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Freq(2) ......................... frequency of sample 2 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Save Res ..................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
xű1 ................................. mean of sample 1
n
1
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1
xű2 ................................ mean of sample 2
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 2
n
2
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
Left ............................... confidence interval lower limit (left edge)
Right ............................ confidence interval upper limit (right edge)
x¯ 1 ................................. mean of sample 1
x¯ 2 ................................. mean of sample 2
x1σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 1
(Displayed only for Data: List setting.)
x2σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 2
(Displayed only for Data: List setting.)
n
n
1
2
................................. size of sample 1
................................. size of sample 2
20070201
6-6-6
Confidence Interval
u 1-Prop Z Interval
1-Prop Z Interval uses the number of data to calculate the confidence interval for an
unknown proportion of successes.
The following is the confidence interval. α is the level of significance. The value 100 (1 – α)
% is the confidence level.
n : size of sample
x : data
x
Left = – Z
n
1 x
x
α
2
1–
n n
n
1 x
x
x
Right = + Z
n
α
2
1–
n n
n
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
4(INTR)
1(Z)
3(1-P)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
C-Level......................... confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
x .................................. data (0 or positive integer)
n .................................. size of sample (positive integer)
Save Res ..................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
Left ............................... confidence interval lower limit (left edge)
Right............................. confidence interval upper limit (right edge)
pˆ .................................. estimated sample proportion
n .................................. size of sample
20070201
6-6-7
Confidence Interval
u 2-Prop Z Interval
2-Prop Z Interval uses the number of data items to calculate the confidence interval for the
defference between the proportion of successes in two populations.
The following is the confidence interval. α is the level of significance. The value 100 (1 – α)
% is the confidence level.
n
1, n2 : size of sample
x
x1
x
x2
n2
1 1–
2 1–
x1, x2 : data
n1
n1 n2
x1
n1
x2
n2
α
2
+
Left =
–
– Z
n1
n2
x
x1
x
x2
n2
1 1–
2 1–
n1
n1 n2
x1
x
n22
α
2
Right =
–
+Z
+
n1
n1
n2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
4(INTR)
1(Z)
4(2-P)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
C-Level......................... confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
x
1
................................. data value (x1 > 0) of sample 1
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1
................................. data value (x2 > 0) of sample 2
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 2
n
1
x2
n
2
Save Res ..................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
20070201
6-6-8
Confidence Interval
Left ............................... confidence interval lower limit (left edge)
Right............................. confidence interval upper limit (right edge)
pˆ 1 ................................. estimated sample propotion for sample 1
pˆ 2 ................................. estimated sample propotion for sample 2
n
n
1
................................. size of sample 1
................................. size of sample 2
2
k t Interval
u 1-Sample t Interval
1-Sample t Interval calculates the confidence interval for an unknown population mean
when the population standard deviation is unknown.
The following is the confidence interval. α is the level of significance. The value 100 (1 – α)
% is the confidence level.
x
σn–1
n
α
2
Left = o– tn – 1
x
σn–1
n
α
2
Right = o+tn – 1
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
4(INTR)
2(t)
1(1-S)
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data ............................. data type
C-Level ........................ confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
List ............................... list whose contents you want to use as sample data
(List 1 to 26)
Freq ............................. sample frequency (1 or List 1 to 26)
Save Res ..................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
20070201
6-6-9
Confidence Interval
x¯ ................................... mean of sample
xσ n-1 ............................. sample standard deviation (xσ n-1 > 0)
n .................................. size of sample (positive integer)
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
Left ............................... confidence interval lower limit (left edge)
Right............................. confidence interval upper limit (right edge)
o ................................... mean of sample
xσ n-1 ............................. sample standard deviation
n .................................. size of sample
u 2-Sample t Interval
2-Sample t Interval calculates the confidence interval for the difference between two
population means when both population standard deviations are unknown. The t interval is
applied to t distribution.
The following confidence interval applies when pooling is in effect. α is the level of
significance. The value 100 (1 – α) % is the confidence level.
α
2
1
1
2
+
Left = (o – o )– tn +n
xpσn–1
2 –2
1
2
1
n1 n2
α
2
1
1
2
Right = (o – o )+ tn +n
xpσn–1
+
2 –2
1
2
1
n1 n2
2
2
(n1–1)x1σ n–1 +(n2–1)x2 σ
n–1
xpσn–1
=
n1 + n2 – 2
20070201
6-6-10
Confidence Interval
The following confidence interval applies when pooling is not in effect. α is the level of
significance. The value 100 (1 – α) % is the confidence level.
2
2
x
σn–1
x
σn–1
α
2
1n1
2n2
x
+
Left = (o1 – o2)– tdf
2
2
x
1n1
σn–1
σn–1
α
2
2n2
Right = (o1 – o2)+ tdf
+
1
df =
(1–C)2
2
C
+
n1–1
n2–1
2
x
σn–1
1 n
C =
2
2
x
σn–1 1 x σn–1
1n1
2n2
+
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
4(INTR)
2(t)
2(2-S)
The following shows the meaning of each item in the case of list data specification.
Data ............................. data type
C-Level ........................ confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
List(1) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as data of sample 1
(List 1 to 26)
List(2) ........................... list whose contents you want to use as data of sample 2
(List 1 to 26)
Freq(1) ......................... frequency of sample 1 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Freq(2) ......................... frequency of sample 2 (1 or List 1 to 26)
Pooled.......................... pooling On (in effect) or Off (not in effect)
Save Res ..................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ........................ executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of parameter data specification items that are different
from list data specification.
20070201
6-6-11
Confidence Interval
x¯ 1 ................................. mean of sample 1
x
1σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation (x1σ n-1 > 0) of sample 1
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 1
x¯ 2 ................................. mean of sample 2
2σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation (x2σ n-1 > 0) of sample 2
................................. size (positive integer) of sample 2
n
1
x
n
2
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
Left ............................... confidence interval lower limit (left edge)
Right............................. confidence interval upper limit (right edge)
df ................................. degrees of freedom
x¯ 1 ................................. mean of sample 1
x¯ 2 ................................. mean of sample 2
x
x
x
1σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 1
2σ n-1 ............................ standard deviation of sample 2
pσ n-1 ............................ pooled sample standard deviation
(Displayed only when Pooled: On setting.)
n
n
1
2
................................. size of sample 1
................................. size of sample 2
20070201
6-7-1
Distribution
6-7 Distribution
There is a variety of different types of distribution, but the most well-known is “normal
distribution,” which is essential for performing statistical calculations. Normal distribution
is a symmetrical distribution centered on the greatest occurrences of mean data (highest
frequency), with the frequency decreasing as you move away from the center. Poisson
distribution, geometric distribution, and various other distribution shapes are also used,
depending on the data type.
Certain trends can be determined once the distribution shape is determined.You can
calculate the probability of data taken from a distribution being less than a specific value.
For example, distribution can be used to calculate the yield rate when manufacturing some
product. Once a value is established as the criteria, you can calculate normal probability
when estimating what percent of the products meet the criteria. Conversely, a success rate
target (80% for example) is set up as the hypothesis, and normal distribution is used to
estimate the proportion of the products will reach this value.
Normal probability density calculates the probability density of normal distribution from a
specified x value.
Normal distribution probability calculates the probability of normal distribution data falling
between two specific values.
Inverse cumulative normal distribution calculates a value that represents the location
within a normal distribution for a specific cumulative probability.
Student-t probability density calculates t probability density from a specified x value.
Student-t distribution probability calculates the probability of t distribution data falling
between two specific values.
Like t distribution, distribution probability can also be calculated for χ 2, F , Binomial,
Poisson, and Geometric distributions.
On the initial STAT mode screen, press 5 (DIST) to display the distribution menu, which
contains the following items.
• 5(DIST)1(NORM) ... Normal distribution (page 6-7-3)
2(t) ... Student-t distribution (page 6-7-7)
2
3(CHI) ... χ distribution (page 6-7-9)
4(F) ... F distribution (page 6-7-12)
5(BINM) ... Binomial distribution (page 6-7-16)
6(g)1(POISN) ... Poisson distribution (page 6-7-19)
6(g)2(GEO) ... Geometric distribution (page 6-7-21)
20070201
6-7-2
Distribution
u Common Distribution Functions
After drawing a graph, you can use the P-CAL function to calculate an estimated p-value for
a particular x value.
The following is the general procedure for using the P-CAL function.
1. After drawing a distribution graph, press !5(G-SLV) 1(P-CAL) to display the x
value input dialog box.
2. Input the value you want for x and then press w.
• This causes the x and p values to appear at the bottom of the display, and moves the
pointer to the corresponding point on the graph.
3. Pressing v or a number key at this time causes the x value input dialog box to
reappear so you can perform another estimated value calculation if you want.
4. After you are finished, press J to clear the coordinate values and the pointer from
the display.
# Executing an analysis function automatically
stores the x and p values in alpha variables X
and P, respectively.
20070201
6-7-3
Distribution
k Normal Distribution
u Normal Probability Density
Normal probability density calculates the probability density of nomal distribution from a
specified x value. Normal probability density is applied to standard normal distribution.
μ
μ)2
1
(σ > 0)
2
σ 2
f(x) =
e– (x –
2πσ
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
1(NORM)
1(Npd)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
x ................................. data
σ ................................. standard deviation (σ > 0)
μ ................................. mean
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation or draws a graph
• Specifying σ = 1 and μ = 0 specifies standard normal distribution.
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
Calculation Result Output Example
p ................................. normal probability density
# V-Window settings for graph drawing are set
automatically when the Setup screen’s [Stat
Wind] setting is [Auto]. Current V-Window
settings are used for graph drawing when the
[Stat Wind] setting is [Manual].
20070201
6-7-4
Distribution
u Normal Distribution Probability
Normal distribution probability calculates the probability of normal distribution data falling
between two specific values.
2
a : lower boundary
b : upper boundary
μ
1
2
σ 2
p =
b e– (x – μ) dx
∫
a
2πσ
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
1(NORM)
2(Ncd)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
Lower .......................... lower boundary
Upper .......................... upper boundary
σ ................................. standard deviation (σ > 0)
μ ................................. mean
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
# There is no graphing for normal distribution
probability.
20070201
6-7-5
Distribution
Calculation Result Output Example
p ................................. normal distribution probability
z:Low .......................... z:Low value (converted to standardize z score for lower
value)
z:Up ............................ z:Up value (converted to standardize z score for upper value)
u Inverse Cumulative Normal Distribution
Inverse cumulative normal distribution calculates a value that represents the location within a
normal distribution for a specific cumulative probability.
+∞f (x)dx = p
f (x)dx = p
f (x)dx = p
∫
−∞
∫
∫
Tail: Left
upper
boundary of
integration
interval
Tail: Right
lower
boundary of
integration
interval
Tail: Central
upper and
lower
boundaries
of integration
interval
α = ?
α = ?
α = ? β = ?
Specify the probability and use this formula to obtain the integration interval.
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
1(NORM)
3(InvN)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
Tail .............................. probability value tail specification (Left, Right, Central)
Area ............................ probability value (0 < Area < 1)
σ ................................. standard deviation (σ > 0)
μ ................................. mean
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ...................... executes a calculation
20070201
6-7-6
Distribution
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Examples
x .................................. inverse cumulative normal distribution
• When [Left] is selected for [Tail] :
upper boundary of integration interval.
• When [Right] is selected for [Tail] :
lower boundary of integration interval.
• When [Central] is selected for [Tail] :
upper and lower boundaries of integration interval.
# There is no graphing for inverse cumulative
normal distribution.
20070201
6-7-7
Distribution
k Student-t Distribution
u Student-t Probability Density
Student-t probability density calculates t probability density from a specified x value.
df+1
–
2
2
df + 1
x
1+
Γ
2
df
df
f (x) =
π
df
Γ
2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
2(t)
1(tpd)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
x ................................. data
df ................................ degrees of freedom (df > 0)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation or draws a graph
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
Calculation Result Output Example
p .................................. Student-t probability density
# Current V-Window settings are used for
graph drawing when the Setup screen’s [Stat
Wind] setting is [Manual]. The V-Window
settings below are set automatically
when the [Stat Wind] setting is [Auto].
Xmin = –3.2, Xmax = 3.2, Xscale = 1,
Ymin = –0.1, Ymax = 0.45, Yscale = 0.1
20070201
6-7-8
Distribution
u Student-t Distribution Probability
Student-t distribution probability calculates the probability of t distribution data falling
between two specific values.
df + 1
df+1
b
–
Γ
2
a : lower boundary
b : upper boundary
2
2
x
p =
dx
1+
df
df
∫
a
π
df
Γ
2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
2(t)
2(tcd)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
Lower .......................... lower boundary
Upper .......................... upper boundary
df ................................ degrees of freedom (df > 0)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
# There is no graphing for Student-t distribution
probability.
20070201
6-7-9
Distribution
Calculation Result Output Example
p .................................. Student-t distribution probability
t:Low............................ t:Low value (input lower value)
t:Up.............................. t:Up value (input upper value)
k χ 2 Distribution
u χ 2 Probability Density
χ probability density calculates the probability density function for the χ distribution at a
2
2
specified x value.
df
df
x
–1
–
2
2
2
1
1
2
x
e
f(x) =
df
Γ
2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
3(CHI)
1(Cpd)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
x ................................. data
df ................................ degrees of freedom (positive integer)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation or draws a graph
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
20070201
6-7-10
Distribution
Calculation Result Output Example
2
p .................................. χ probability density
when the [Stat Wind] setting is [Auto].
Xmin = 0, Xmax = 11.5, Xscale = 2,
Ymin = –0.1, Ymax = 0.5, Yscale = 0.1
# Current V-Window settings are used for
graph drawing when the Setup screen’s [Stat
Wind] setting is [Manual]. The V-Window
settings below are set automatically
20070201
6-7-11
Distribution
u χ 2 Distribution Probability
χ distribution probability calculates the probability of χ distribution data falling between two
2
2
specific values.
df
b
df
x
2
–1
–
a : lower boundary
b : upper boundary
1
1
2
2
2
p =
x
e
dx
df
∫
a
Γ
2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
3(CHI)
2(Ccd)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
Lower .......................... lower boundary
Upper .......................... upper boundary
df ................................ degrees of freedom (positive integer)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
2
# There is no graphing for χ distribution
probability.
20070201
6-7-12
Distribution
Calculation Result Output Example
2
p .................................. χ distribution probability
k F Distribution
u F Probability Density
F probability density calculates the probability density function for the F distribution at a
specified x value.
n + d
nx– n + d
n
n
Γ
–1
2
2
2
2
n
d
f (x) =
x
1 +
n
d
d
Γ
Γ
2
2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
4(F)
1(Fpd)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
x ................................. data
n:df ............................. numerator degrees of freedom (positive integer)
d:df ............................. denominator degrees of freedom (positive integer)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation or draws a graph
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
one of the function keys shown below to perform the calculation or draw the graph.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
• 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph.
20070201
6-7-13
Distribution
Calculation Result Output Example
p .................................. F probability density
# V-Window settings for graph drawing are set
automatically when the Setup screen’s [Stat
Wind] setting is [Auto]. Current V-Window
settings are used for graph drawing when the
[Stat Wind] setting is [Manual].
20070201
6-7-14
Distribution
u F Distribution Probability
F distribution probability calculates the probability of F distribution data falling between two
specific values.
n + d
n
n + d
b
Γ
–
n
a : lower boundary
b : upper boundary
2
2
–1
2
n
d
nx
d
2
p =
1 +
dx
x
n
d
∫
a
Γ
Γ
2
2
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
4(F)
2(Fcd)
Data is specified using parameter specification. The following shows the meaning of each
item.
Lower .......................... lower boundary
Upper .......................... upper boundary
n:df ............................. numerator degrees of freedom (positive integer)
d:df ............................. denominator degrees of freedom (positive integer)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
# There is no graphing for F distribution
probability.
20070201
6-7-15
Distribution
Calculation Result Output Example
p .................................. F distribution probability
20070201
6-7-16
Distribution
k Binomial Distribution
u Binomial Probability
Binomial probability calculates a probability at a specified value for the discrete binomial
distribution with the specified number of trials and probability of success on each trial.
p : success probability
(0 < p < 1)
n : number of trials
f (x) =
nC
x
px(1–p)n – x
(x
= 0, 1, ·······,
n)
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
5(BINM)
1(Bpd)
The following shows the meaning of each item when data is specified using list specification.
Data ............................ data type
List .............................. list whose contents you want to use as specified data
(List 1 to 26)
Numtrial ...................... number of trials
p ................................. success probability (0 < p < 1)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ...................... executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of a parameter data specification item that is different from
list data specification.
x ................................. integer from 0 to n
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
# There is no graphing for binomial distribution.
20070201
6-7-17
Distribution
Calculation Result Output Example
p .................................. binomial probability
u Binomial Cumulative Density
Binomial cumulative density calculates a cumulative probability at a specified value for the
discrete binomial distribution with the specified number of trials and probability of success on
each trial.
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
5(BINM)
2(Bcd)
The following shows the meaning of each item when data is specified using list specification.
Data ............................ data type
List .............................. list whose contents you want to use as specified data
(List 1 to 26)
Numtrial ...................... number of trials
p ................................. success probability (0 < p < 1)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ...................... executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of a parameter data specification item that is different from
list data specification.
x ................................. integer from 0 to n
20070201
6-7-18
Distribution
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
p .................................. probability of success
20070201
6-7-19
Distribution
k Poisson Distribution
u Poisson Probability
Poisson probability calculates a probability at a specified value for the discrete Poisson
distribution with the specified mean.
e–μμx
(x = 0, 1, 2, ···)
μ : mean (μ > 0)
f(x)=
x!
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
6(g)1(POISN)
1(Ppd)
The following shows the meaning of each item when data is specified using list specification.
Data ............................ data type
List .............................. list whose contents you want to use as specified data
(List 1 to 26)
μ ................................. mean (μ > 0)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of a parameter data specification item that is different from
list data specification.
x ................................. (x > 0)
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
p ................................. Poisson probability
# There is no graphing for Poisson distribution.
20070201
6-7-20
Distribution
u Poisson Cumulative Density
Poisson cumulative density calculates a cumulative probability at specified value for the
discrete Poisson distribution with the specified mean.
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
6(g)1(POISN)
2(Pcd)
The following shows the meaning of each item when data is specified using list specification.
Data ............................ data type
List .............................. list whose contents you want to use as specified data
(List 1 to 26)
μ ................................. mean (μ > 0)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a caluculation
The following shows the meaning of a parameter data specification item that is different from
list data specification.
x ................................. (x > 0)
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
p .................................. Poisson cumulative probability
20070201
6-7-21
Distribution
k Geometric Distribution
u Geometric Probability
Geometric probability calculates the probability at a specified value, and the number of
the trial on which the first success occurs, for the geometric distribution with a specified
probability of success.
f(x)= p(1– p)x – 1
(x = 1, 2, 3, ···)
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
6(g)2(GEO)
1(Gpd)
The following shows the meaning of each item when data is specified using list specification.
Data ............................ data type
List .............................. list whose contents you want to use as specified data
(List 1 to 26)
p ................................. success probability (0 < p < 1)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of a parameter data specification item that is different from
list data specification.
x ................................. positive integer (x > 1)
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
p ................................. geometric probability
# There is no graphing for geometric
distribution.
# Positive integer number is calculated whether
list data (Data:List) or x value (Data:variable)
is specified.
20070201
6-7-22
Distribution
u Geometric Cumulative Density
Geometric cumulative density calculates a cumulative probability at specified value, the
number of the trial on which the first success occurs, for the discrete geometric distribution
with the specified probability of success.
Perform the following key operations from the statistical data list.
5(DIST)
6(g)2(GEO)
2(Gcd)
The following shows the meaning of each item when data is specified using list specification.
Data ............................ data type
List .............................. list whose contents you want to use as specified data
(List 1 to 26)
p ................................. success probability (0 < p < 1)
Save Res .................... list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 26)
Execute ....................... executes a calculation
The following shows the meaning of a parameter data specification item that is different from
list data specification.
x ................................. positive integer (x > 1)
After setting all the parameters, use c to move the highlighting to “Execute” and then press
the function key shown below to perform the calculation.
• 1(CALC) ... Performs the calculation.
Calculation Result Output Example
p ................................. geometric cumulative probability
# Positive integer number is calculated whether
list data (Data:List) or x value (Data:variable)
is specified.
20070201
Chapter
7
Financial Calculation
(TVM)
The TVM mode provides you with the tools to perform the
following types of financial calculations.
• Simple interest
• Compound interest
• Cash Flow (Investment appraisal)
• Amortization
• Interest rate conversion (annual percentage rate and
effective interest rate)
• Cost, selling price, margin
• Day/date calculations
7-1 Before Performing Financial Calculations
7-2 Simple Interest
7-3 Compound Interest
7-4 Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal)
7-5 Amortization
7-6 Interest Rate Conversion
7-7 Cost, Selling Price, Margin
7-8 Day/Date Calculations
20070201
7-1-1
Before Performing Financial Calculations
7-1 Before Performing Financial Calculations
From the Main Menu, enter the TVM mode and display the Financial screen like the one
shown below.
Financial 1 screen
Financial 2 screen
• {SMPL} … {simple interest}
• {CMPD} … {compound interest}
• {CASH} … {cash flow (investment appraisal)}
• {AMT} … {amortization}
• {CNVT} … {interest rate conversion}
• {COST} … {cost, selling price, margin}
• {DAYS} … {day/date calculations}
k Setup Items
u Payment
• {BGN}/{END} … Specifies {beginning of the period}/{end of the period} payment
u Date Mode
• {365}/{360} … Specifies calculation according to a {365-day}/{360-day} year
Note the following points regarding Setup screen settings whenever using the TVM mode.
• Drawing a financial graph while the Label item is turned on, displays the label CASH for the
vertical axis (deposits, withdrawals), and TIME for the horizontal axis (frequency).
• The number of display digits applied in the TVM mode is different from the number of digits
used in other modes. The calculators automatically reverts to Norm 1 whenever you enter
the TVM mode, which cancels a Sci (number of significant digits) or Eng (engineering
notation) setting made in another mode.
20070201
7-1-2
Before Performing Financial Calculations
k Graphing in the TVM Mode
After performing a financial calculation, you can use 6(GRPH) to graph the results as
shown below.
• Pressing 1(Trace) or !1(TRCE) while a graph is on the display activates Trace,
which can be used to look up other financial values. In the case of simple interest, for
example, pressing e displays PV, SI, and SFV. Pressing d displays the same values in
reverse sequence.
• Zoom, Scroll, and Sketch cannot be used in the TVM mode.
• Whether you should use a positive or a negative value for the present value (PV) or the
purchase price (PRC) depends on the type of calculation you are trying to perform.
• Note that graphs should be used only for reference purposes when viewing TVM mode
calculation results.
• Note that calculation results produced in this mode should be regarded as reference values
only.
• Whenever performing an actual financial transaction, be sure to check any calculation
results obtained using this calculator with against the figures calculated by your financial
institution.
20070201
7-2-1
Simple Interest
7-2 Simple Interest
This calculator uses the following formulas to calculate simple interest.
u Formula
I%
100
I%
n
365-day Mode
360-day Mode
SI
n
: interest
: number of interest
periods
SI' =
× PV × i i =
365
n
SI' =
× PV × i i =
360
100
PV : principal
I% : annual interest
SFV : principal plus interest
SI = –SI'
SFV = –(PV + SI')
Press 1(SMPL) from the Financial 1 screen to display the following input screen for simple
interest.
1(SMPL)
n .................................. number of interest periods (days)
I% ............................... annual interest rate
PV ............................... principal
After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the
corresponding calculation.
• {SI} … {simple interest}
• {SFV} … {simple future value}
• An error (Ma ERROR) occurs if parameters are not configured correctly.
20070201
7-2-2
Simple Interest
Use the following function menus to maneuver between calculation result screens.
• {REPT} … {parameter input screen}
• {GRPH} … {draws graph}
After drawing a graph, you can press !1(TRCE) to turn on trace and read calculation
results along the graph.
Each press of e while trace is turned on cycles the displayed value in the sequence:
present value (PV) → simple interest (SI) → simple future value (SFV). Pressing d cycles
in the reverse direction.
Press J to return to the parameter input screen.
20070201
7-3-1
Compound Interest
7-3 Compound Interest
This calculator uses the following standard formulas to calculate compound interest.
u Formula I
(1 + i× S)[(1+ i)n –1]
1
I %
100
PV + PMT ×
+ FV
= 0 i =
i(1 + i)n
(1 + i)n
Here:
PV
FV
: present value
: future value
α
PV = – (PMT × + FV ×
β
)
PMT : payment
PMT × + PV
α
β
FV = –
n
: number of compound periods
: annual interest rate
I%
β
PV + FV ×
i is calculated using Newton’s Method.
PMT = –
α
S = 0 assumed for end of term
S = 1 assumed for beginning of term
(1+ i× S ) PMT – FVi
(1+ i× S ) PMT + PVi
log
{
}
n =
log(1+ i)
(1 + i× S)[(1+ i)n –1]
α
β
=
i(1+ i)n
1
=
(1+ i)n
F(i) = Formula I
(1+ i× S)[1 – (1 + i)–n]
PMT
+ (1 + i× S)[n(1 + i)–n–1]
F(i)'=
–
[
i
i
+S[1 – (1 + i)–n]
–
nFV(1 + i)–n–1
]
u Formula II (I % = 0)
PV + PMT × n + FV = 0
Here:
PV = – (PMT × n + FV )
20070201
7-3-2
Compound Interest
FV = – (PMT × n + PV )
PV + FV
PMT = –
n
PV + FV
n = –
PMT
• A deposit is indicated by a plus sign (+), while a withdrawal is indicated by a minus sign (–).
u Converting between the nominal interest rate and effective interest rate
The nominal interest rate (I% value input by user) is converted to an effective interest
rate (I %' ) when the number of installments per year (P/Y) is different from the number of
compound interest calculation periods (C/Y). This conversion is required for installment
savings accounts, loan repayments, etc.
P/Y : installment
periods per year
[C / Y ]
[P / Y ]
I%
I%' =
(1+
)
–1 × 100
{
}
100 × [C / Y ]
C/Y: compounding
periods per year
When calculating n , PV, PMT, FV
The following calculation is performed after conversion from the nominal interest rate to the
effective interest rate, and the result is used for all subsequent calculations.
i = I%'÷100
When calculating I %
After I% is obtained, the following calculation is performed to convert to I%'.
P/Y : installment
periods per year
[P / Y ]
[C / Y ] –1 × [C / Y ] × 100
I%
I%' =
(1+
)
{
}
100
C/Y: compounding
periods per year
The value of I%' is returned as the result of the I% calculation.
20070201
7-3-3
Compound Interest
Press 2(CMPD) from the Financial 1 screen to display the following input screen for
compound interest.
2(CMPD)
n .................................. number of compound periods
I% ................................ annual interest rate
PV ............................... present value (loan amount in case of loan; principal in case
of savings)
PMT ............................ payment for each installment (payment in case of loan;
deposit in case of savings)
FV ............................... future value (unpaid balance in case of loan; principal plus
interest in case of savings)
P/Y .............................. installment periods per year
C/Y .............................. compounding periods per year
Important!
Inputting Values
A period (n) is expressed as a positive value. Either the present value (PV) or future value
(FV) is positive, while the other (PV or FV) is negative.
Precision
This calculator performs interest calculations using Newton’s Method, which produces
approximate values whose precision can be affected by various calculation conditions.
Because of this, interest calculation results produced by this calculator should be used
keeping the above limitation in mind or the results should be verified.
20070201
7-3-4
Compound Interest
After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the
corresponding calculation.
• {n} … {number of compound periods}
• {I%} … {annual interest rate}
• {PV} … {present value} (Loan: loan amount; Savings: balance)
• {PMT} … {payment} (Loan: installment; Savings: deposit)
• {FV} … {future value} (Loan: unpaid balance; Savings: principal plus interest)
• {AMT} … {amortization screen}
• An error (Ma ERROR) occurs if parameters are not configured correctly.
Use the following function menus to maneuver between calculation result screens.
• {REPT} … {parameter input screen}
• {AMT} … {amortization screen}
• {GRPH} … {draws graph}
After drawing a graph, you can press !1(TRCE) to turn on trace and read calculation
results along the graph.
Press J to return to the parameter input screen.
20070201
7-4-1
Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal)
7-4 Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal)
This calculator uses the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to perform investment appraisal
by totalling cash flow for a fixed period. This calculator can perform the following four types of
investment appraisal.
• Net present value (NPV)
• Net future value (NFV)
• Internal rate of return (IRR)
• Payback period* (PBP)
* The payback period (PBP) can also be called the “discounted payback period” (DPP).
When the annual interest rate (I%) is zero, the PBP is called the “simple payback period”
(SPP).
A cash flow diagram like the one shown below helps to visualize the movement of funds.
CF7
CF5
CF6
CF3
CF2
CF4
CF1
CF0
With this graph, the initial investment amount is represented by CF0. The cash flow one year
later is shown by CF1, two years later by CF2, and so on.
Investment appraisal can be used to clearly determine whether an investment is realizing
profits that were originally targeted.
u NPV
I %
100
CF1
CF2
CF3
CFn
NPV = CF0
+
+
+
+ … +
i =
(1+ i) (1+ i)2 (1+ i)3
(1+ i)n
n: natural number up to 254
u NFV
NFV = NPV × (1 + i)n
u IRR
CF1
CF2
CF3
+ … +
CFn
0 = CF0
+
+
+
(1+ i) (1+ i)2 (1+ i)3
(1+ i)n
In this formula, NPV = 0, and the value of IRR is equivalent to i × 100. It should be noted,
however, that minute fractional values tend to accumulate during the subsequent calculations
performed automatically by the calculator, so NPV never actually reaches exactly zero. IRR
becomes more accurate the closer that NPV approaches to zero.
20070201
7-4-2
Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal)
u PBP
0 .................................. (CF0 > 0)
PBP =
NPVn
... (Other than those above)
n –
{
NPVn+1 – NPVn
CFk
n
NPVn
=
Σ
(1 + i)k
k
= 0
n: Smallest positive integer that satisfies the conditions NPVn < 0, NPVn+1 > 0, or 0.
• Press 3(CASH) from the Financial 1 screen to display the following input screen for Cash
Flow.
3(CASH)
I% ................................ interest rate (%)
Csh .............................. list for cash flow
If you have not yet input data into a list, press 5('LIST) and input data into a list.
After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the
corresponding calculation.
• {NPV} … {net present value}
• {IRR} … {internal rate of return}
• {PBP} … {payback period}
• {NFV} … {net future value}
• {'LIST} … {inputs data into a list}
• {LIST} … {specifies a list for data input}
• An error (Ma ERROR) occurs if parameters are not configured correctly.
20070201
7-4-3
Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal)
Use the following function menus to maneuver between calculation result screens.
• {REPT} … {parameter input screen}
• {GRPH} … {draws graph}
After drawing a graph, you can press !1(TRCE) to turn on trace and read calculation
results along the graph.
Press J to return to the parameter input screen.
20070201
7-5-1
Amortization
7-5 Amortization
This calculator can be used to calculate the principal and interest portion of a monthly
installment, the remaining principal, and amount of principal and interest repaid up to any
point.
u Formula
a
1 payment
c
b
1.............. PM1..................... PM2 ............Last
Number of Payments
a: interest portion of installment PM1 (INT)
b: principal portion of installment PM1 (PRN)
c: balance of principal after installment PM2 (BAL)
e
1 payment
d
PM2 ...............
1...............PM1..................
Last
Number of Payments
d: total principal from installment PM1 to payment of installment PM2 (Σ PRN)
e: total interest from installment PM1 to payment of installment PM2 (Σ INT )
*a + b = one repayment (PMT)
20070201
7-5-2
Amortization
a : INTPM1 = I BALPM1–1 × i I × (PMT sign)
b : PRNPM1 = PMT + BALPM1–1 × i
c : BALPM2 = BALPM2–1 + PRNPM2
PM2
d : PRN = PRNPM1 + PRNPM1+1 + … + PRNPM2
Σ
PM1
PM2
e : INT = INTPM1 + INTPM1+1 + … + INTPM2
Σ
PM1
BAL0 = PV (INT1 = 0 and PRN1 = PMT at beginning of installment term)
u Converting between the nominal interest rate and effective interest rate
The nominal interest rate (I% value input by user) is converted to an effective interest rate
(I%' ) for installment loans where the number of installments per year is different from the
number of compound interest calculation periods.
[C / Y ]
[P / Y ]
I%
I%' =
(1+
)
–1 × 100
{
}
100 × [C / Y ]
The following calculation is performed after conversion from the nominal interest rate to the
effective interest rate, and the result is used for all subsequent calculations.
i = I%'÷100
Press 4(AMT) from the Financial 1 screen to display the following input screen for
amortization.
4(AMT)
PM1.............................. first installment of installments 1 through n
PM2.............................. second installment of installments 1 through n
n .................................. installments
I% ................................ interest rate
PV ............................... principal
PMT ............................ payment for each installment
FV ............................... balance following final installment
P/Y .............................. installments per year
C/Y .............................. compoundings per year
20070201
7-5-3
Amortization
After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the
corresponding calculation.
• {BAL} … {balance of principal after installment PM2}
• {INT} … {interest portion of installment PM1}
• {PRN} … {principal portion of installment PM1}
• {Σ INT} … {total interest paid from installment PM1 to installment PM2}
• {Σ PRN} … {total principal paid from installment PM1 to installment PM2}
• {CMPD} … {compound interest screen}
• An error (Ma ERROR) occurs if parameters are not configured correctly.
Use the following function menus to maneuver between calculation result screens.
• {REPT} … {parameter input screen}
• {CMPD} … {compound interest screen}
• {GRPH} … {draws graph}
After drawing a graph, you can press !1(TRCE) to turn on trace and read calculation
results along the graph.
The first press of !1(TRCE) displays INT and PRN when n = 1. Each press of e
shows INT and PRN when n = 2, n = 3, and so on.
Press J to return to the parameter input screen.
20070201
7-6-1
Interest Rate Conversion
7-6 Interest Rate Conversion
The procedures in this section describe how to convert between the annual percentage rate
and effective interest rate.
u Formula
n
APR/100
APR : annual percentage rate (%)
EFF : effective interest rate (%)
1+
EFF =
–1 × 100
n
n
: number of compoundings
1
n
EFF
100
APR = 1+
–1 × n ×100
Press 5(CNVT) from the Financial 1 screen to display the following input screen for interest
rate conversion.
5(CNVT)
n .................................. number of compoundings
I%................................. interest rate
After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the
corresponding calculation.
• {'EFF} … {converts annual percentage rate to effective interest rate}
• {'APR} … {converts effective interest rate to annual percent rate}
• An error (Ma ERROR) occurs if parameters are not configured correctly.
Use the following function menu to maneuver between calculation result screens.
• {REPT} … {parameter input screen}
20070201
7-7-1
Cost, Selling Price, Margin
7-7 Cost, Selling Price, Margin
Cost, selling price, or margin can be calculated by inputting the other two values.
u Formula
MRG
CST = SEL 1–
CST : cost
SEL : selling price
100
CST
MRG : margin
SEL =
MRG
1–
100
CST
× 100
MRG(%) = 1–
SEL
Press 1(COST) from the Financial 2 screen to display the following input screen.
6(g)1(COST)
Cst................................ cost
Sel................................ selling price
Mrg............................... margin
After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the
corresponding calculation.
• {COST} … {cost}
• {SEL} … {selling price}
• {MRG} … {margin}
• An error (Ma ERROR) occurs if parameters are not configured correctly.
Use the following function menu to maneuver between calculation result screens.
• {REPT} … {parameter input screen}
20070201
7-8-1
Day/Date Calculations
7-8 Day/Date Calculations
You can calculate the number of days between two dates, or you can determine what date
comes a specific number of days before or after another date.
Press 2(DAYS) from the Financial 2 screen to display the following input screen for day/
date calculation.
6(g)2(DAYS)
d1 ................................. date 1
d2 ................................. date 2
D .................................. number of days
To input a date, first highlight d1 or d2. Pressing a number key to input the month causes an
input screen like the one shown below to appear on the display.
# The Setup screen can be used to specify
either a 365-day or 360-day year for financial
calculations. Day/date calculations are also
performed in accordance with the current
setting for number of days in the year, but the
following calculations cannot be performed
when the 360-day year is set. Attempting to do
so causes an error.
(Date) + (Number of Days)
(Date) – (Number of Days)
# The allowable calculation range is January 1,
1901 to December 31, 2099.
20070201
7-8-2
Day/Date Calculations
Input the month, day, and year, pressing w after each.
After configuring the parameters, use one of the function menus noted below to perform the
corresponding calculation.
• {PRD} … {number of days from d1 to d2 (d2 – d1)}
• {d1+D} … {d1 plus a number of days (d1 + D)}
• {d1–D} … {d1 minus a number of days (d1 – D)}
• An error (Ma ERROR) occurs if parameters are not configured correctly.
Use the following function menu to maneuver between calculation result screens.
• {REPT} … {parameter input screen}
360-day Date Mode Calculations
The following describes how calculations are processed when 360 is specified for the Date
Mode item in the Setup screen.
• If d1 is day 31 of a month, d1 is treated as day 30 of that month is used.
• If d2 is day 31 of a month, d2 is treated as day 1 of the following month, unless d1 is day
30.
20070201
Chapter
8
Programming
8-1 Basic Programming Steps
8-2 PRGM Mode Function Keys
8-3 Editing Program Contents
8-4 File Management
8-5 Command Reference
8-6 Using Calculator Functions in Programs
8-7 PRGM Mode Command List
8-8 Program Library
This unit comes with approximately 64 Kbytes of memory.
• You can check how much memory has been used and how much remains
by entering the MEMORY mode from the Main Menu, and then pressing
1(MAIN). See “12-7 MEMORY Mode” for details.
20070201
8-1-1
Basic Programming Steps
8-1 Basic Programming Steps
Description
Commands and calculations are executed sequentially, just like manual calculation
multistatements.
Set Up
1. From the Main Menu, enter the PRGM mode. When you do, a program list appears on
the display.
Selected program area
(use f and c to move)
Files are listed in the alphabetic sequence of their
names.
Execution
2. Register a file name.
3. Input the program.
4. Run the program.
# If there are no programs stored in memory
when you enter the PRGM mode, the
message “No Programs” appears on the
display and only the NEW item (3) is shown
in the function menu.
# The following are the characters you can use in
a file name:
A through Z, r , θ , spaces, [, ], {, }, ’, ”, ~,
0 through 9, ., +, –, ×, ÷
# Registering a file name uses 32 bytes of
memory.
# The values to the right of the program list
indicate the number of bytes used by each
program.
# The file name input screen remains on the
display if you press w without inputting a file
name.
# A file name can be up to eight characters long.
# To exit the file name input screen and return to
the program list without registering a file name,
press J.
20070201
8-1-2
Basic Programming Steps
Example 1 To calculate the surface area (cm2) and volume (cm3) of three regular
octahedrons when the length of one side is 7, 10, and 15 cm,
respectively
Store the calculation formula under the file name OCTA.
The following are the formulas used for calculating surface area S
and volume V of a regular octahedron for which the length of one side
A is known.
A
'2
––––
3
S = 2'3 A2, V =
A3
Procedure
1 m PRGM
2 3(NEW)OCTAw*1
3 !J(PRGM)4(?)aav(A)6(g)5(:)*2
c*!x(')d*av(A)x6(g)5(^)
!x(')c/d*av(A)Md
JJ
4 1(EXE) or w
hw(Value of A)
S when A = 7
V when A = 7
w
w
wbaw
S when A = 10
V when A = 10
w
w
wbfw
S when A = 15
V when A = 15
w*3
*1Press 3(NEW) and the cursor changes form
*3Pressing w while the final result of a program
to indicate alpha character input.
is on the display changes to the program list.
*2The following shows how the calculation of
the surface area and volume of a regular
octahedron would be calculated using a
manual calculation.
# You can also run a program while in the RUN
•
MAT mode by inputting: Prog ”<file name>” w.
# Pressing w while the final result of a program
executed using this method is on the display
re-executes the program.
Surface Area S.... c*!x(')d*
<value of A> xw
Volume V............. !x(')c/d*
<value of A> Mdw
# An error occurs if the program specified by Prog
”<file name>” cannot be found.
20070201
8-2-1
PRGM Mode Function Keys
8-2 PRGM Mode Function Keys
• {NEW} ... {new program}
u When you are registering a file name
• {RUN}/{BASE} ... {general calculation}/{number base} program input
• {Q} ... {password registration}
• {SYBL} ... {symbol menu}
u When you are inputting a program —— 1(RUN) … default
• {TOP}/{BTM} ... {top}/{bottom} of program
• {SRC} ... {search}
• {MENU} ... {mode menu}
• {STAT}/{MAT}/{LIST}/{GRPH}/{DYNA}/{TABL}/{RECR}
... {statistic}/{matrix}/{list}/{graph}/{Dynamic Graph}/{Table}/{recursion} menu
• {A↔ a} ... {toggles between upper-case and lower-case input}
• {CHAR} ... {displays a screen for selecting various mathematical symbols, special
symbols, and accented characters}
• Pressing !J(PRGM) displays the following PRGM (PROGRAM) menu.
• {COM} ... {program command menu}
• {CTL} ... {program control command menu}
• {JUMP} ... {jump command menu}
• {?}/{^} ... {input}/{output} command
• {CLR}/{DISP} ... {clear}/{display} command menu
• {REL} ... {conditional jump relational operator menu}
• {I/O} ... {I/O control/transfer command menu}
• {:} ... {separator for expressions and commands}
See “8-5 Command Reference” for full details on each of these commands.
• Pressing !m(SET UP) displays the mode command menu shown below.
• {ANGL}/{COOR}/{GRID}/{AXES}/{LABL}/{DISP}/{S/L}/{DRAW}/{DERV}/{BACK}/
{FUNC}/{SIML}/{S-WIN}/{LIST}/{LOCS}/{T-VAR}/{Σ DSP}/{RESID}/{CPLX}/{FRAC}/
{Y • SPD}
See “Setup Screen Function Key Menus” on page 1-8-1 for details about each of these
commands.
20070201
8-2-2
PRGM Mode Function Keys
1
*
u When you are inputting a program —— 2(BASE)
• {TOP}/{BTM}/{SRC}
• {MENU}
• {d~o} ... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal} value input
• {LOG} ... {logical operators}
• {DISP} ... conversion of displayed value to {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal}
• {A↔ a}/{CHAR}
• Pressing !J(PRGM) displays the following PRGM (PROGRAM) menu.
• {Prog} ... {program recall}
• {JUMP}/{?}/{^}
• {REL} ... {logical operator menu}
• {:} ... {separator for expressions and commands}
• Pressing !m(SET UP) displays the mode command menu shown below.
• {Dec}/{Hex}/{Bin}/{Oct}
• {EXE}/{EDIT}
... program {execute}/{edit}
• {NEW} ... {new program}
•
• {DEL}/{DEL A}
... {specific program}/{all program} delete
• {SRC}/{REN}
... file name {search}/{change}
*1Programs input after pressing 2(BASE) are
indicated by
to the right of the file name.
B
20070201
8-3-1
Editing Program Contents
8-3 Editing Program Contents
k Debugging a Program
A problem in a program that keeps the program from running correctly is called a “bug,”
and the process of eliminating such problems is called “debugging.” Either of the following
symptoms indicates that your program contains bugs that require debugging.
• Error messages appearing when the program is run
• Results that are not within your expectations
u To eliminate bugs that cause error messages
An error message, like the one shown below, appears whenever something illegal occurs
during program execution.
When such a message appears, press J to display the place in the program where the
error was caused. The cursor will be flashing at the location of the problem. Check the “Error
Message Table” (page α-1-1) for steps you should take to correct the situation.
• Note that pressing J does not display the location of the error if the program is
password protected. Instead, it returns to the program list screen.
u To eliminate bugs that cause bad results
If your program produces results that are not what you normally expect, check the
contents of the program and make necessary changes.
1(TOP)...... Moves the cursor to the top of the
program
2(BTM)...... Moves the cursor to the bottom of
the program
20070201
8-3-2
Editing Program Contents
k Using an Existing Program to Create a New Program
Sometimes you can input a new program by using a program already in memory as a
base. Simply recall the existing program, make the changes you need, and then execute
it.
Example 2 To use the OCTA program (page 8-1-2) to create a program that
calculates the surface area (cm2) and volume (cm3) of regular
tetrahedrons when the length of one side is 7, 10, and 15 cm
Use TETRA as the file name.
A
The following are the formulas used for calculating surface area S
and volume V of a regular tetrahedron for which the length of one
side A is known.
'2
12
S = '3 A2, V =
A3
––––
Use the following key operations when inputting the program.
Length of One Side A... !J(PRGM)4(?)aav(A)6(g)5(:)
Surface Area S............. !x(')d*av(A)x6(g)5(^)
Volume V...................... !x(')c/bc*av(A)Md
Compare this with the program for calculating the surface area and volume of a regular
octahedron.
Length of One Side A... !J(PRGM)4(?)aav(A)6(g)5(:)
Surface Area S............. c*!x(')d*av(A)x6(g)5(^)
Volume V...................... !x(')c/d*av(A)Md
As you can see, you can produce the TETRA program by making the following changes in
the OCTA program.
• Deleting c * (underlined using a wavy line above)
• Changing d to b c (underlined using a solid line above)
20070201
8-3-3
Editing Program Contents
Now edit OCTA to produce the TETRA program.
1. Edit the program name.
6(g)2(REN)ATETRAw
2. Edit the program contents.
2(EDIT)
eeeeeeDD
cDbc
J
3. Try running the program.
1(EXE) or w
hw(Value of A)
w
w
wbaw
w
w
wbfw
w
20070201
8-3-4
Editing Program Contents
k Searching for Data Inside a Program
Example
To search for the letter “A” inside the program named OCTA
1. Recall the program.
2. Press 3(SRC) and input the data you want to find.
3(SRC)
av(A)
3. Press w to begin the search. The contents of the program appear on the screen with
the cursor located at the first instance of the data you specified.*1
4. Each press of w or 1(SRC) causes the cursor to jump to the next instance of the
data you specified.*2
*1The message “Not Found” appears when the
search data you specify cannot be found in
the program.
*2If there are no more instances of the data you
specified, the search operation ends.
# Once the contents of the program are on the
screen, you can use the cursor keys to move
the cursor to another location before searching
for the next instance of the data. Only the part
of the program starting from the current cursor
location is searched when you press w.
# You cannot specify the newline symbol (_) or
display command (^) for the search data.
# Once the search finds an instance of your
data, inputting characters or moving the cursor
causes the search operation to be cancelled.
# If you make a mistake while inputting characters
to search for, press A to clear your input and
re-input from the beginning.
20070201
8-4-1
File Management
8-4 File Management
k Searching for a File
u To find a file using initial character search
Example
To use initial character search to recall the program named OCTA
1. While the program list is on the display, press 6(g)1(SRC) and input the initial
characters of the file you want to find.
6(g)1(SRC)
OCT
2. Press w to search.
• The name that starts with the characters you input highlights.
# If there is no program whose file name starts
with the characters you input, the message
“Not Found” appears on the display. If this
happens, press J to clear the error message.
20070201
8-4-2
File Management
k Editing a file name
Example
To change the name of a file from TRIANGLE to ANGLE
1. While the program list is on the display, use f and c to move the highlighting to the
file whose name you want to edit and then press 6(g)2(REN).
2. Make any changes you want.
DDD
3. Press w to register the new name and return to the program list.
The program list is resorted according to the changes you made in the file name.
k Deleting a Program
u To delete a specific program
1. While the program list is on the display, use f and c to move the highlighting to the
name of the program you want to delete.
2. Press 4(DEL).
3. Press 1(Yes) to delete the selected program or 6(No) to abort the operation without
deleting anything.
# If the modifications you make result in a
file name that is identical to the name of
a program already stored in memory, the
message “Already Exists” appears. When
this happens, you can perform either of
the following two operations to correct the
situation.
- Press J to clear the error and return to
the file name editing screen.
- Press A to clear the input file name and
input a new one.
20070201
8-4-3
File Management
u To delete all programs
•
1. While the program list is on the display, press 5(DEL A).
2. Press 1(Yes) to delete all the programs in the list or 6(No) to abort the operation
without deleting anything.
• You also can delete all programs by entering the MEMORY mode from the Main Menu, and
then pressing 1(MAIN) to display the memory information screen.
See “12-7 MEMORY Mode” for details.
k Registering a password
When inputting a program, you can protect it with a password that limits access to the
program contents to those who know the password.
• You do not need to input the password to run a program.
Example
To create a program file under the name AREA and protect it with the
password CASIO
1. While the program list is on the display, press 3(NEW) and input the file name of the
new program file.
3(NEW)
AREA
2. Press 5(Q) and then input the password.
5(Q)
CASIO
# The password input procedure is identical to
that used for file name input.
20070201
8-4-4
File Management
3. Press w to register the file name and password. Now you can input the contents of
the program file.
4. After inputting the program, press !J(QUIT) to exit the program file and return to
the program list. Files that are password protected are indicated by an asterisk to the
right of the file name.
k Recalling a Password Protected Program
Example
To recall the file named AREA which is protected by the password
CASIO
1. In the program list, use f and c to move the highlighting to the name of the
program you want to recall.
2. Press 2(EDIT).
3. Input the password and press w to recall the program.
# Inputting the wrong password when recalling
a password protected program causes the
message “Mismatch” to appear. Press J to
return to the password input screen.
# Pressing w without inputting a password
while saving a new program causes the file
to be saved without a password. Pressing w
without inputting a password registers the file
name only, without a password.
20070201
8-5-1
Command Reference
8-5 Command Reference
k Command Index
Break ...............................................................................................................8-5-6
ClrGraph ....................................................................................................... 8-5-12
ClrList ............................................................................................................8-5-12
ClrMat ............................................................................................................8-5-12
ClrText ...........................................................................................................8-5-12
DispF-Tbl, DispR-Tbl .....................................................................................8-5-13
Do~LpWhile.....................................................................................................8-5-5
DrawDyna..................................................................................................... 8-5-13
DrawFTG-Con, DrawFTG-Plt ........................................................................8-5-13
DrawGraph ....................................................................................................8-5-13
DrawR-Con, DrawR-Plt .................................................................................8-5-13
DrawRΣ -Con, DrawRΣ -Plt .............................................................................8-5-14
DrawStat........................................................................................................8-5-14
DrawWeb ...................................................................................................... 8-5-14
Dsz ..................................................................................................................8-5-9
For~To~(Step~)Next ........................................................................................8-5-4
Getkey ...........................................................................................................8-5-15
Goto~Lbl ....................................................................................................... 8-5-10
If~Then~(Else~)IfEnd ......................................................................................8-5-4
Isz ..................................................................................................................8-5-11
Locate............................................................................................................8-5-16
OpenComport38k/CloseComport38k ........................................................... 8-5-17
Prog ................................................................................................................ 8-5-7
RclCapt......................................................................................................... 8-5-18
Receive ( / Send (..........................................................................................8-5-17
Receive38k/Send38k ................................................................................... 8-5-17
Return..............................................................................................................8-5-8
Stop ................................................................................................................ 8-5-8
While~WhileEnd ..............................................................................................8-5-6
? (Input Command)..........................................................................................8-5-2
^ (Output Command) .....................................................................................8-5-3
: (Multi-statement Command) ..........................................................................8-5-3
_ (Carriage Return) .......................................................................................8-5-3
’ (Comment Text Delimiter) ..............................................................................8-5-3
S(Jump Code) ..............................................................................................8-5-11
=, ≠ , >, <, ≥ , ≤ (Relational Operators) .......................................................... 8-5-18
20070201
8-5-2
Command Reference
The following are conventions that are used in this section when describing the various
commands.
Boldface Text ................ Actual commands and other items that always must be
input are shown in boldface.
{Curly Brackets} ............ Curly brackets are used to enclose a number of items,
one of which must be selected when using a command.
Do not input the curly brackets when inputting a
command.
[Square Brackets] ......... Square brackets are used to enclose items that are
optional. Do not input the square brackets when inputting
a command.
Numeric Expressions.... Numeric expressions (such as 10, 10 + 20, A) indicate
constants, calculations, numeric constants, etc.
Alpha Characters .......... Alpha characters indicate literal strings (such as AB).
k Basic Operation Commands
? (Input Command)
Function: Prompts for input of values for assignment to variables during program execution.
Syntax: ? → <variable name>, ”<prompt>” ? → <variable name>
Example: ? → A
Description:
• This command momentarily interrupts program execution and prompts for input of a value
or expression for assignment to a variable. If you do not specify a prompt, execution of this
command causes “?” to appear indicating the calculator is standing by for input. If a prompt
is specified, “<prompt>?” appears to prompt input. Up to 255 bytes of text can be used for a
prompt.
• Input in response to the input command must be a value or an expression, and the
expression cannot be a multi-statement.
• You can specify a list name, matrix name, function memory (fn), graph (Yn), etc. as a
variable name.
20070201
8-5-3
Command Reference
^ (Output Command)
Function: Displays an intermediate result during program execution.
Description:
• This command momentarily interrupts program execution and displays alpha character text
or the result of the calculation immediately before the command.
• The output command should be used at locations where you would normally press the w
key during a manual calculation.
: (Multi-statement Command)
Function: Connects two statements for sequential execution without stopping.
Description:
• Unlike the output command (^), statements connected with the multi-statement command
are executed non-stop.
• The multi-statement command can be used to link two calculation expressions or two
commands.
• You can also use a carriage return indicated by _ in place of the multi-statement
command.
_ (Carriage Return)
Function: Connects two statements for sequential execution without stopping.
Description:
• Operation of the carriage return is identical to that of the multi-statement command.
• You can create a blank line in a program by inputting a carriage return only. Using a
carriage return in place of the multi-statement command makes the displayed program
easier to read.
’ (Comment Text Delimiter)
Function: Indicates comment text inserted inside a program.
Description: Anything following the apostrophe is treated as non-executable comment text.
20070201
8-5-4
Command Reference
k Program Commands (COM)
If~Then~(Else~)IfEnd
Function: The Then-statement is executed only when the If-condition is true
(non-zero). The Else-statement is executed when the If-condition is false (0). The IfEnd-
statement is always executed following either the Then-statement or Else-statement.
Syntax:
_
:
_
:
If
<condition>
Then <statement>
<statement>
numeric expression
^
^
_
_
_
:
^
:
^
:
^
Else <statement>
<statement>
IfEnd
Parameters: condition, numeric expression
Description:
(1) If ~ Then ~ IfEnd
• When the condition is true, execution proceeds with the Then-statement and then
continues with the statement following IfEnd.
• When the condition is false, execution jumps to the statement following IfEnd.
(2) If ~ Then ~ Else ~ IfEnd
• When the condition is true, execution proceeds with the Then-statement and then jumps
to the statement following IfEnd.
• When the condition is false, execution jumps to the Else-statement and then continues
with the statement following IfEnd.
For~To~(Step~)Next
Function: This command repeats everything between the For-statement and the Next-
statement. The starting value is assigned to the control variable with the first execution, and
the value of the control variable is changed according to the step value with each execution.
Execution continues until the value of the control variable exceeds the ending value.
Syntax:
For <starting value> → <control variable name> To <ending value>
_
:
^
Step <step value>
Next
Parameters:
• control variable name: A to Z
• starting value: value or expression that produces a value (i.e. sin x, A, etc.)
• ending value: value or expression that produces a value (i.e. sin x, A, etc.)
• step value: numeric value (default: 1)
20070201
8-5-5
Command Reference
Description:
• The default step value is 1.
• Making the starting value less than the ending value and specifying a positive step value
causes the control variable to be incremented with each execution. Making the starting
value greater than the ending value and specifying a negative step value causes the control
variable to be decremented with each execution.
Do~LpWhile
Function: This command repeats specific commands as long as its condition is true (non-
zero).
Syntax:
_
:
^
_
:
^
Do
<statement>
LpWhile
<condition>
numeric expression
Parameters: expression
Description:
• This command repeats the commands contained in the loop as long as its condition is true
(non-zero). When the condition becomes false (0), execution proceeds from the statement
following the LpWhile-statement.
• Since the condition comes after the LpWhile-statement, the condition is tested (checked)
after all of the commands inside the loop are executed.
20070201
8-5-6
Command Reference
While~WhileEnd
Function: This command repeats specific commands as long as its condition is true (non-
zero).
Syntax:
_
:
_
:
While
<condition>
<statement>
WhileEnd
numeric expression
^
^
Parameters: expression
Description:
• This command repeats the commands contained in the loop as long as its condition is true
(non-zero). When the condition becomes false (0), execution proceeds from the statement
following the WhileEnd-statement.
• Since the condition comes after the While-statement, the condition is tested (checked)
before the commands inside the loop are executed.
k Program Control Commands (CTL)
Break
Function: This command breaks execution of a loop and continues from the next command
following the loop.
Syntax: Break
Description:
• This command breaks execution of a loop and continues from the next command following
the loop.
• This command can be used to break execution of a For-statement, Do-statement, and
While-statement.
20070201
8-5-7
Command Reference
Prog
Function: This command specifies execution of another program as a subroutine. In the
•
RUN MAT mode, this command executes a new program.
Syntax: Prog ”file name”
Example: Prog ”ABC”
Description:
• Even when this command is located inside of a loop, its execution immediately breaks the
loop and launches the subroutine.
• This command can be used as many times as necessary inside of a main routine to call up
independent subroutines to perform specific tasks.
• A subroutine can be used in multiple locations in the same main routine, or it can be called
up by any number of main routines.
Main Routine
Subroutines
D
A
Prog ”D”
Prog ”C”
C
E
I
J
Prog ”E”
Prog ”I”
Prog ”J”
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
• Calling up a subroutine causes it to be executed from the beginning. After execution of
the subroutine is complete, execution returns to the main routine, continuing from the
statement following the Prog command.
• A Goto~Lbl command inside of a subroutine is valid inside of that subroutine only. It cannot
be used to jump to a label outside of the subroutine.
• If a subroutine with the file name specified by the Prog command does not exist, an error
occurs.
•
• In the RUN MAT mode, inputting the Prog command and pressing w launches the
program specified by the command.
20070201
8-5-8
Command Reference
Return
Function: This command returns from a subroutine.
Syntax: Return
Description:
Execution of the Return command inside a main routine causes execution of the program to
stop. Execution of the Return command within a subroutine terminates the subroutine and
returns to the program from which the subroutine was jumped to.
Stop
Function: This command terminates execution of a program.
Syntax: Stop
Description:
• This command terminates program execution.
• Execution of this command inside of a loop terminates program execution without an error
being generated.
20070201
8-5-9
Command Reference
k Jump Commands (JUMP)
Dsz
Function: This command is a count jump that decrements the value of a control variable by
1, and then jumps if the current value of the variable is zero.
Syntax:
Variable Value ≠ 0
_
:
^
Dsz <variable name> : <statement>
Variable Value = 0
<statement>
Parameters: variable name: A to Z, r, θ
[Example] Dsz B : Decrements the value assigned to variable B by 1.
Description:
This command decrements the value of a control variable by 1, and then tests (checks) it.
If the current value is non-zero, execution continues with the next statement. If the current
value is zero, execution jumps to the statement following the multi-statement command (:),
display command (^), or carriage return (_).
20070201
8-5-10
Command Reference
Goto~Lbl
Function: This command performs an unconditional jump to a specified location.
Syntax: Goto <label name> ~ Lbl <label name>
Parameters: label name: value (0 to 9), variable (A to Z, r, θ )
Description:
• This command consists of two parts: Goto n (where n is a parameter as described above)
and Lbl n (where n is the parameter referenced by Goto n). This command causes program
execution to jump to the Lbl-statement whose n parameter matches that specified by the
Goto-statement.
• This command can be used to loop back to the beginning of a program or to jump to any
location within the program.
• This command can be used in combination with conditional jumps and count jumps.
• If there is no Lbl-statement whose value matches that specified by the Goto-statement, an
error occurs.
20070201
8-5-11
Command Reference
Isz
Function: This command is a count jump that increments the value of a control variable by
1, and then jumps if the current value of the variable is zero.
Syntax:
Variable Value ≠ 0
_
:
^
Isz <variable name> : <statement>
Variable Value = 0
<statement>
Parameters: variable name: A to Z, r, θ
[Example] Isz A : Increments the value assigned to variable A by 1.
Description:
This command increments the value of a control variable by 1, and then tests (checks) it.
If the current value is non-zero, execution continues with the next statement. If the current
value is zero, execution jumps to the statement following the multi-statement command (:),
display command (^), or carriage return (_).
⇒ (Jump Code)
Function: This code is used to set up conditions for a conditional jump. The jump is executed
whenever the conditions are false.
Syntax:
True
_
:
^
<left side> <relational operator> <right side> ⇒ <statement>
<statement>
False
Parameters:
left side/right side: variable (A to Z, r, θ ), numeric constant, variable expression
(such as: A × 2)
relational operator: =, ≠ , >, <, ≥ , ≤ (page 8-5-18)
Description:
• The conditional jump compares the contents of two variables or the results of two
expressions, and a decision is made whether or not to execute the jump based on the
results of the comparison.
• If the comparison returns a true result, execution continues with the statement following
the ⇒ command. If the comparison returns a false result, execution jumps to the
statements following the multi-statement command (:), display command (^), or carriage
return (_).
20070201
8-5-12
Command Reference
k Clear Commands (CLR)
ClrGraph
Function: This command clears the graph screen and returns View Window settings to their
INIT values.
Syntax: ClrGraph
Description: This command clears the graph screen during program execution.
ClrList
Function: This command deletes list data.
Syntax: ClrList <list name>
ClrList
Parameters: list name: 1 to 26, Ans
Description: This command deletes the data in the list specified by “list name”. All list data is
deleted if nothing is specified for “list name”.
ClrMat
Function: This command deletes matrix data.
Syntax: ClrMat <matrix name>
ClrMat
Parameters: matrix name: A to Z, Ans
Description: This command deletes the data in the matrix specified by “matrix name”. All
matrix data is deleted if nothing is specified for “matrix name”.
ClrText
Function: This command clears the text screen.
Syntax: ClrText
Description: This command clears text from the screen during program execution.
20070201
8-5-13
Command Reference
k Display Commands (DISP)
No parameters
DispF-Tbl, DispR-Tbl
Function: These commands display numeric tables.
Description:
• These commands generate numeric tables during program execution in accordance with
conditions defined within the program.
• DispF-Tbl generates a function table, while DispR-Tbl generates a recursion table.
No parameters
DrawDyna
Function: This command executes a Dynamic Graph draw operation.
Description: This command draws a Dynamic Graph during program execution in
accordance with current Dynamic Graph parameters.
No parameters
DrawFTG-Con, DrawFTG-Plt
Function: This command uses values in a generated table to graph a function.
Description:
• This command draws a function graph in accordance with current conditions.
• DrawFTG-Con produces a connect type graph, while DrawFTG-Plt produces a plot type
graph.
No parameters
DrawGraph
Function: This command draws a graph.
Description: This command draws a graph in accordance with current conditions.
No parameters
DrawR-Con, DrawR-Plt
Function: These commands use values in a generated table to graph a recursion expression
with an(bn or cn) as the vertical axis and n as the horizontal axis.
Description:
• These commands graph recursion expressions in accordance with current conditions, with
a
n(bn or cn) as the vertical axis and n as the horizontal axis.
• DrawR-Con produces a connect type graph, while DrawR-Plt produces a plot type graph.
20070201
8-5-14
Command Reference
No parameters
DrawRΣ -Con, DrawRΣ -Plt
Function: These commands use values in a generated table to graph a recursion expression
with Σ an(Σ bn or Σ cn) as the vertical axis and n as the horizontal axis.
Description:
• These commands graph recursion expressions in accordance with current conditions, with
Σ an(Σ bn or Σ cn) as the vertical axis and n as the horizontal axis.
• DrawRΣ -Con produces a connect type graph, while DrawRΣ -Plt produces a plot type graph.
DrawStat
Function: This draws a statistical graph.
Syntax: See “Using Statistical Calculations and Graphs in a Program” on page 8-6-9.
Description:
This command draws a statistical graph in accordance with current statistical graph
conditions.
DrawWeb
Function: This command graphs convergence/divergence of a recursion expression (WEB
graph).
Syntax: DrawWeb <recursion type>, <number of lines>
Example: DrawWeb an+1 (bn+1 or cn+1), 5
Description:
• This command graphs convergence/divergence of a recursion expression (WEB graph).
• Omitting the number of lines specification automatically specifies the default value 30.
20070201
8-5-15
Command Reference
k Input/Output Commands (I/O)
Getkey
Function: This command returns the code that corresponds to the last key pressed.
Syntax: Getkey
Description:
• This command returns the code that corresponds to the last key pressed.
Key
1
2
3
4
5
6
!
K
J
m
a
x
M
J
f
c
d
e
v
l
I
s
c
t
$
Code
79
69
59
49
39
29
78
68
58
48
77
67
57
47
28
37
38
27
76
66
56
46
36
26
75
Key
M
(
)
,
a
D
.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
-
+
-
*
/
E
w
Code
65
55
45
35
25
44
61
71
72
62
52
73
63
53
74
64
54
41
42
32
43
33
51
31
• A value of zero is returned if no key was pressed previous to executing this command.
• This command can be used inside of a loop.
20070201
8-5-16
Command Reference
Locate
Function: This command displays alpha-numeric characters at a specific location on the text
screen.
Syntax: Locate <column number>, <line number>, <value>
Locate <column number>, <line number>, <numeric expression>
Locate <column number>, <line number>, ”<string>”
[Example] Locate 1, 1, ”AB”_
Parameters:
• line number: number from 1 to 7
• column number: number from 1 to 21
• value and numeric expression
• string: character string
Description:
• This command displays values (including variable contents) or text at a specific location on
the text screen. If there is a calculation input, that calculation result is displayed.
• The line is designated by a value from 1 to 7, while the column is designated by a value
from 1 to 21.
← (21, 1)
(1, 1) →
(1, 7) →
← (21, 7)
Example:Cls_
Locate 7, 1, ”CASIO FX”
This program displays the text “CASIO FX” in the center of the screen.
• In some cases, the ClrText command should be executed before running the above
program.
20070201
8-5-17
Command Reference
Receive ( / Send (
Function: This command receives data from and sends data to a connected device.
Syntax: Receive (<data>) / Send (<data>)
Description:
• This command receives data from and sends data to a connected device.
• The following types of data can be received (sent) by this command.
• Individual values assigned to variables
• Matrix data (all values - individual values cannot be specified)
• List data (all values - individual values cannot be specified)
OpenComport38k/CloseComport38k
Function: Opens and closes the 3-pin COM port (serial).
Description: See the Receive38k/Send38k command below.
Receive38k/Send38k
Function: Executes data send and receive at a data rate of 38 kbps.
Syntax: Send38k <expression>
<variable name>
Receive38k
<list name>
Description:
• The OpenComport38k command must be executed before this command is executed.
• The CloseComport38k command must be executed after this command is executed.
• If this command is executed when the communication cable is not connected, program
execution will continue without generating an error.
20070201
8-5-18
Command Reference
k Conditional Jump Relational Operators (REL)
=, ≠ , >, <, ≥ , ≤
Function: These relational operators are used in combination with the conditional jump
command.
Syntax:
<left side> <relational operator> <right side>
Parameters:
left side/right side: variable (A to Z, r, θ ), numeric constant, variable expression (such as: A ×
2)
relational operator: =, ≠ , >, <, ≥ , ≤
k Other
RclCapt
Function: Displayed the contents specified by the capture memory number.
Syntax: RclCapt <capture memory number> .... (capture memory number: 1 to 20)
20070201
8-6-1
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
8-6 Using Calculator Functions in Programs
k Text Display
You can include text in a program by simply enclosing it between double quotation marks.
Such text appears on the display during program execution, which means you can add labels
to input prompts and results.
Program
”CASIO”
? → X
Display
CASIO
?
”X =” ? → X
X = ?
• If the text is followed by a calculation formula, be sure to insert a display command (^)
between the text and calculation.
• Inputting more than 21 characters causes the text to move down to the next line. The
screen scrolls automatically if the text exceeds 21 characters.
• You can specify up to 255 bytes of text for a comment.
k Using Matrix Row Operations in a Program
These commands let you manipulate the rows of a matrix in a program.
•
• For this program, enter the RUN MAT mode and then use the Matrix Editor to input the
matrix, and then enter the PRGM mode to input the program.
u To swap the contents of two rows (Swap)
Example 1 To swap the values of Row 2 and Row 3 in the following matrix:
1
3
5
2
4
6
Matrix A =
The following is the syntax to use for this program.
Swap A, 2, 3
_
Rows to be swapped
Matrix name
Mat A
Executing this program produces the following result.
20070201
8-6-2
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
u To calculate a scalar multiplication (`Row)
Example 2 To calculate the product of Row 2 of the matrix in Example 1 and the
scalar 4
The following is the syntax to use for this program.
Row 4, A, 2
`
_
Row
Matrix name
Multiplier
Mat A
Executing this program produces the following result.
u To calculate a scalar multiplication and add the results to another row
(`Row+)
Example 3 To calculate the product of Row 2 of the matrix in Example 1 and the
scalar 4, then add the result to row 3
The following is the syntax to use for this program.
Row+ 4, A, 2, 3
`
_
Rows to be added
Row for which scalar multiplication is to be calculated.
Matrix name
Multiplier
Mat A
Executing this program produces the following result.
20070201
8-6-3
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
u To add two rows (Row+)
Example 4 To add Row 2 to Row 3 of the matrix in Example 1
The following is the syntax to use for this program.
Row+ A, 2, 3
_
the row number to be added to
the row number to be added
Matrix name
Mat A
Executing this program produces the following result.
k Using Graph Functions in a Program
You can incorporate graph functions into a program to draw complex graphs and to overlay
graphs on top of each other. The following shows various types of syntax you need to use
when programming with graph functions.
• View Window
View Window –5, 5, 1, –5, 5, 1_
• Graph function input
Y = Type_ ...................Specifies graph type.
”X2 – 3” → Y1_
• Graph draw operation
DrawGraph_
Example Program
1
ClrGraph_
1 !J612J
2 !31J
2
3
View Window –10, 10, 2, –120, 150, 50_
Y = Type_
3 4431
”X^4–X^3–24X2 + 4X + 80” @ Y1_
4 J41JJ
4
5
6
7
G SelOn 1_
5 4411J
6 43
BrokenThickG 1_
DrawGraph
7 !J622
Executing this program produces the result
shown here.
20070201
8-6-4
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
u Syntax of other graphing functions
• V-Window
View Window <Xmin>, <Xmax>, <Xscale>, <Ymin>, <Ymax>, <Yscale>,
<Tθ min>, <Tθ max>, <Tθ pitch>
StoV-Win <area of V-Win> .............. area: 1 to 6
RclV-Win <area of V-Win> .............. area: 1 to 6
• Zoom
• Pict
Factor <X factor>, <Y factor>
ZoomAuto ........... Non-parameter
StoPict <area of picture> ................ area: 1 to 20
numeric expression
RclPict <area of picture> ................ area: 1 to 20
numeric expression
• Sketch
PlotOn <X-coordinate>, <Y-coordinate>
PlotOff <X-coordinate>, <Y-coordinate>
PlotChg <X-coordinate>, <Y-coordinate>
PxlOn <line number>, <column number>
PxlOff <line number>, <column number>
PxlChg <line number>, <column number>
PxlTest( <line number>, <column number>[)]
Text <line number>, <column number>, ”<text>”
Text <line number>, <column number>, <expression>
SketchThick <Sketch or Graph statement>
SketchBroken <Sketch or Graph statement>
SketchDot <Sketch or Graph statement>
SketchNormal <Sketch or Graph statement>
Tangent <function>, <X-coordinate>
Normal <function>, <X-coordinate>
Inverse <function>
Line
F-Line <X-coordinate 1>, <Y-coordinate 1>, <X-coordinate 2>, <Y-coordinate 2>
Circle <center point X-coordinate>, <center point Y-coordinate>, <radius R value>
Vertical <X-coordinate>
Horizontal <Y-coordinate>
20070201
8-6-5
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
k Using Dynamic Graph Functions in a Program
Using Dynamic Graph functions in a program makes it possible to perform repeated Dynamic
Graph operations. The following shows how to specify the Dynamic Graph range inside a
program.
• Dynamic Graph range
1 → D Start_
5 → D End_
1 → D pitch_
Example Program
ClrGraph_
View Window –5, 5, 1, –5, 5, 1_
Y = Type_
”AX + 1” → Y1_
1 J41JJ
2 451
3 3
1
2
3
D SelOn 1_
D Var A_
4
1 → D Start_
5
4 J51
5 2
5 → D End_
6
1 → D pitch_
6 3
7
DrawDyna
7 !J623
Executing this program produces the result
shown here.
↑
↓
20070201
8-6-6
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
k Using Table & Graph Functions in a Program
Table & Graph functions in a program can generate numeric tables and perform graphing
operations. The following shows various types of syntax you need to use when programming
with Table & Graph functions.
• Table range setting
1 → F Start_
5 → F End_
1 → F pitch_
• Numeric table generation
DispF-Tbl_
• Graph draw operation
Connect type: DrawFTG-Con_
Plot type: DrawFTG-Plt_
Example Program
ClrGraph_
ClrText_
View Window 0, 6, 1, –20, 106, 10_
Y = Type_
”3X2 – 2” → Y1_
1
T SelOn 1_
2
1 4611
2 J611
3 2
0 → F Start_
3
6 → F End_
4
1 → F pitch_
4 3
5
6
DispF-Tbl^
5 !J6241
6 !J6242
DrawFTG-Con
Executing this program produces the results shown here.
Numeric Table Graph
20070201
8-6-7
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
k Using Recursion Table & Graph Functions in a Program
Incorporating Recursion Table & Graph functions in a program lets you generate numeric
tables and perform graphing operations. The following shows various types of syntax you
need to use when programming with Recursion Table & Graph functions.
• Recursion formula input
an+1 Type_.... Specifies recursion type.
”3an + 2” → an+1_
”4bn + 6” → bn+1_
• Table range setting
1 → R Start_
5 → R End_
1 → a0_
2 → b0_
1 → an Start_
3 → bn Start_
• Numeric table generation
DispR-Tbl_
• Graph draw operation
Connect type: DrawR-Con_, DrawRΣ -Con_
Plot type: DrawR-Plt_, DrawRΣ -Plt_
• Statistical convergence/divergence graph (WEB graph)
DrawWeb an+1, 10_
20070201
8-6-8
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
Example Program
View Window 0, 1, 1, –0.2, 1, 1_
1 an+1 Type_
2
1 46232J
2 42
3 3
4 J6221
5 2
3
2
”–3an + 3an” → an+1_
4
0 → R Start_
5
6 → R End_
6
0.01 → a0
_
6 3
7
7 6661
8 !J6251
9 !J6252JJJ
0 46243
0.01 → an Start_
8
9
DispR-Tbl^
0
DrawWeb an+1, 30
Executing this program produces the results shown here.
Numeric Table
Recursion graph
k Using List Sort Functions in a Program
These functions let you sort data in lists into ascending or descending order.
• Ascending order
1
2
SortA (List 1, List 2, List 3)
Lists to be sorted (up to six can be specified)
1 431 2 K11
• Descending order
3
SortD (List 1, List 2, List 3)
Lists to be sorted (up to six can be specified)
3 432
20070201
8-6-9
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
k Using Solve Calculation Function in a Program
The following is the syntax for using the Solve function in a program.
Solve( f (x ), n , a , b )
Upper limit
Lower limit
Initial estimated value
Example Program
1
Solve( 2X2 + 7X – 9, 1, 0, 1)
1K41
• In the function f(x), only X can be used as a variable in the expression. Other variables (A
through Z, r, θ ) are treated as constants, and the value currently assigned to that variable is
applied during the calculation.
• Input of the closing parenthesis, lower limit a and upper limit b can be omitted.
k Using Statistical Calculations and Graphs in a Program
Including statistical calculations and graphing operations in a program lets you calculate and
graph statistical data.
u To set conditions and draw a statistical graph
Following “StatGraph”, you must specify the following graph conditions:
• Graph draw/non-draw status (DrawOn/DrawOff)
• Graph Type
• x-axis data location (list name)
• y-axis data location (list name)
• Frequency data location (list name)
• Mark Type
# Solutions obtained using Solve may include
errors.
# You cannot use a differential, quadratic
differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum
value or Solve calculation expressions inside of a
Solve calculation term.
20070201
8-6-10
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
The graph conditions that are required depends on the graph type. See “Changing Graph
Parameters” (page 6-1-2).
• The following is a typical graph condition specification for a scatter diagram or xyLine
graph.
S-Gph1 DrawOn, Scatter, List 1, List 2, 1, Square _
In the case of an xy line graph, replace “Scatter” in the above specification with “xyLine”.
• The following is a typical graph condition specification for a normal probability plot.
S-Gph1 DrawOn, NPPlot, List 1, Square _
• The following is a typical graph condition specification for a single-variable graph.
S-Gph1 DrawOn, Hist, List 1, List 2 _
The same format can be used for the following types of graphs, by simply replacing “Hist” in
the above specification with the applicable graph type.
Histogram: ..................................... Hist
Median Box: ................................... MedBox*1
Normal Distribution: ....................... N-Dist
Broken Line:................................... Broken
• The following is a typical graph condition specification for a regression graph.
S-Gph1 DrawOn, Linear, List 1, List 2, List 3 _
The same format can be used for the following types of graphs, by simply replacing “Linear”
in the above specification with the applicable graph type.
Linear Regression: ........................ Linear
Med-Med: ...................................... Med-Med
Quadratic Regression: ................... Quad
Cubic Regression: ......................... Cubic
Quartic Regression: ....................... Quart
Logarithmic Regression: ................ Log
Exponential Regression:................ Exp
Power Regression:......................... Power
*1Outliers:On
S-Gph1 DrawOn, MedBox, List 1, 1, 1
Outliers:Off
S-Gph1 DrawOn, MedBox, List 1, 1, 0
20070201
8-6-11
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
• The following is a typical graph condition specification for a sinusoidal regression graph.
S-Gph1 DrawOn, Sinusoidal, List 1, List 2 _
• The following is a typical graph condition specification for a logistic regression graph.
S-Gph1 DrawOn, Logistic, List 1, List 2 _
1 !m6631
2 4121J
3 11J
4 24J
5 J4141
6 !J621
Example Program
ClrGraph_
1
S-Wind Auto_
{1, 2, 3} → List 1_
{1, 2, 3} → List 2_
2
3
4
5
S-Gph1 DrawOn, Scatter, List 1, List 2, 1, Square _
6
DrawStat
Executing this program produces the scatter
diagram shown here.
k Performing Statistical Calculations
• Single-variable statistical calculation
1
1-Variable List1, List 2
Frequency data (Frequency)
x -axis data (XList)
14161
20070201
8-6-12
Using Calculator Functions in Programs
• Paired-variable statistical calculation
1
2-Variable List 1, List 2, List 3
Frequency data (Frequency)
y-axis data (YList)
x-axis data (XList)
14162
• Regression statistical calculation
1
LinearReg List 1, List 2, List 3
Calculation
type*
Frequency data (Frequency)
y-axis data (YList)
x-axis data (XList)
141661
* Any one of the following can be specified as the calculation type.
LinearReg .......... linear regression
Med-MedLine .... Med-Med calculation
QuadReg ........... quadratic regression
CubicReg........... cubic regression
QuartReg........... quartic regression
LogReg .............. logarithmic regression
ExpReg ............. exponential regression
PowerReg ......... power regression
• Sinusoidal regression statistical calculation
SinReg List 1, List 2
y-axis data (YList)
x-axis data (XList)
• Logistic regression statistical calculation
LogisticReg List 1, List 2
y-axis data (YList)
x-axis data (XList)
20070201
8-7-1
PRGM Mode Command List
8-7 PRGM Mode Command List
RUN Program
[OPTN] key
[F4](MENU) key
PROB X!
nPr
!
X=c X=cType
P
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
Y>
Y<
Y≥
Y≤
—
Y>Type
Y<Type
Y≥Type
Y≤Type
NormalG
LIST
List
L→M
Dim
Fill
List_
nCr
Ran#
P(
C
STAT DRAW On
DrawOn
_
List→Mat(
Dim_
Ran#
P(
Off
DrawOff
GRPH GPH1 S-Gph1_
GPH2 S-Gph2_
GPH3 S-Gph3_
Scat Scatter
_
Fill(
Q(
Q(
STYL
_
Seq(
R(
Seq
Min
Max
Mean
Med
Aug
Sum
Prod
Cuml
%
R(
—
·····
ThickG
_
Min(
t(
t(
BrokenThickG
······
_
Max(
Abs_
Int_
NUM Abs
xy
xyLine
DotG
_
Mean(
Median(
Augment(
Sum_
Prod_
Cuml_
Percent_
AList_
Mat_
Int
Hist Hist
GMEM Sto StoGMEM
_
Frac_
Rnd
Frac
Rnd
Intg
RndFi
Box MedBox
N-Dis N-Dist
Brkn Broken
Rcl RclGMEM
_
_
_
_
DYNA On
D
D
D
SelOn
SelOff
_
Intg_
Off
_
Var
RndFix(
X
Linear
Var
ANGL
ESYM
Med Med-Med
X^2 Quad
X^3 Cubic
X^4 Quart
Log Log
TYPE Y=
r=
Y=Type
r=Type
r
r
A
g
g
Parm ParamType
_
_
_
MAT
Mat
M→L
Det
TABL On
Off
T
T
SelOn
’”
_
Mat→List(
Det_
Pol(
Pol(
SelOff
Rec(
Rec(
Exp Exp
TYPE Y=
r=
Y=Type
r=Type
Trn
Trn_
'DMS
'DMS
Pwr Power
Sin Sinusoidal
NPP NPPlot
Lgst Logistic
List_
Aug
Iden
Dim
Fill
Augment(
Identity_
Dim_
m
m
Parm ParamType
μ
μ
_
STYL
—
NormalG
_
n
n
p
f
—
·····
ThickG
_
_
Fill(
p
List
BrokenThickG
······
_
Ref_
f
Ref
MARK
Square
DotG
_
_
_
Rref_
k
Rref
i
k
Cross
RECR SEL+S On
R
R
SelOn
_
i
M
CPLX
M
G
T
P
E
•
Dot
Off
—
SelOff
_
Abs_
G
Abs
Arg
CALC 1VAR 1-Variable_
NormalG
_
Arg_
T
2VAR 2-Variable_
—
·····
ThickG
Conj
ReP
ImP
Conjg_
ReP_
P
X
LinearReg_
BrokenThickG
DotG_
······
E
Med Med-MedLine_
X^2 QuadReg_
X^3 CubicReg_
X^4 QuartReg_
Log LogReg_
Exp ExpReg_
Pwr PowerReg_
Sin SinReg_
Lgst LogisticReg_
Swap_
ImP_
PICT Sto
Rcl
StoPict_
RclPict_
fn
TYPE an
an+
anType
θ
'r∠
θ
'
r
∠
1
2
an+
an+
n
1
2
Type
Type
'a+bi
'a+bi
Solve(
d/dx(
FMEM fn
LOGIC And
Or
an+
CALC Solve
_And_
_Or_
Not_
RclCapt_
n.an··
n
d/dx
d2/dx2
an
an+
bn
an
d2/dx2(
Not
1
an+
bn
1
1
∫
dx
(
CAPT Rcl
∫
FMin
FMax
Σ(
FMin(
FMax(
Σ(
bn+
cn
1
bn+
cn
MAT
LIST
Swap
×Rw
×Rw+
Rw+
Row_
cn+
1
cn+1
*
logab
logab(
ˆx
Row+_
RANG
a
a
0
1
Sel_a
Sel_a
0
1
*
STAT ˆx
Row+_
SortA(
SortD(
ˆy
ˆy
Srt-A
Srt-D
HYP
sinh_
cosh_
tanh_
sinh
cosh
GRPH SEL On
G_SelOn_
G_SelOff_
Y=Type
Off
TYPE Y=
r=
tanh
sinh-1
cosh-1
tanh-1
sinh-1
cosh-1
_
r=Type
_
tanh-1
_
Parm ParamType
20080201
8-7-2
PRGM Mode Command List
[
] key
VARS
[
] [
] (SET UP) key
[
] [
] (PRGM) key
PTS
x
y
x
y
x
y
1
1
2
2
3
3
x
y
x
y
x
y
1
1
2
2
3
3
SHIFT VARS
SHIFT MENU
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
ANGL Deg
Rad
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
COM If
Then
V-WIN
X
min Xmin
max Xmax
scal Xscl
dot Xdot
min Ymin
max Ymax
scal Yscl
If_
Deg
Then_
Else_
Rad
Else
I-End
For
Gra
Gra
IfEnd
COOR On
Off
CoordOn
CoordOff
GridOn
GridOff
AxesOn
AxesOff
LabelOn
LabelOff
Fix_
Y
GRPH
Y
Y
For_
r
r
To
_To_
GRID On
Off
Xt
Yt
X
Xt
Step
Next
Whle
WEnd
Do
_Step_
Next
θ
θ
T
T
θ
T
θ
T,
min
max
ptch
min
max
ptch
Yt
AXES On
Off
X
While_
WhileEnd
Do
DYNA Strt
End
D_Start
D_End
D_pitch
F_Start
F_End
F_pitch
F_Result
an
LABL On
Off
R-X min RightXmin
max RightXmax
scal RightXscl
Pitch
Lp-W
Prog
Rtrn
Brk
LpWhile_
Prog_
Return
Break
Stop
DISP Fix
Sci
TABL Strt
End
CTL
Sci_
dot RightXdot
Norm
Norm_
R-Y min RightYmin
max RightYmax
scal RightYscl
Pitch
ENG On EngOn
Off EngOff
Reslt
Stop
RECR FORM an
JUMP Lbl
Goto
Eng Eng
Lbl_
θ
θ
R-T, min RightT min
an+1 an+1
an+2 an+2
bn bn
S/L
S-L-Normal
Goto_
⇒
Isz_
—
θ
max RightT max
S-L-Thick
S-L-Broken
S-L-Dot
⇒
Isz
Dsz
—
·····
θ
ptch RightT ptch
······
FACT Xfct
Yfct
Xfct
Yfct
bn+1 bn+1
Dsz_
bn+2 bn+2
DRAW Con
Plot
G-Connect
G-Plot
?
?
STAT
X
n
n
cn
cn
^
CLR
^
x
x
cn+1 cn+1
cn+2 cn+2
DERV On
Off
DerivOn
DerivOff
BG-None
BG-Pict_
FuncOn
Text
Grph
List
ClrText
ClrGraph
ClrList_
ClrMat_
DrawStat
DrawGraph
DrawDyna
DispF-Tbl
Σx
Σx
Σx2 Σx2
RANG Strt R_Start
End R_End
BACK None
Pict
xσn xσn
xσn-1 xσn-1
minX minX
maxX maxX
Mat
a
a
a
0
1
2
a
a
a
b
b
b
0
1
2
0
1
2
DISP Stat
Grph
FUNC On
Off
FuncOff
Dyna
SIML On
Off
SimulOn
SimulOff
S-WindAuto
S-WindMan
File_
Y
y
y
b
b
b
0
1
2
F-Tbl Tabl
Σy
Σy
G-Con DrawFTG-Con
S-WIN Auto
Man
Σy2 Σy2
G-Plt
Tabl
Web
DrawFTG-Plt
DispR-Tbl
Σxy Σxy
yσn yσn
yσn-1 yσn-1
minY minY
maxY maxY
c
c
c
0
1
2
c
c
c
0
1
2
LIST
File
R-Tbl
DrawWeb_
LOCS On
Off
LocusOn
LocusOff
VarRange
VarList_
Σ dispOn
Σ dispOff
Resid-None
Resid-List_
Real
an-Cn DrawR-Con
anSt anStart
bnSt bnStart
cnSt cnStart
R_Result
Sim_Result
Sim_Coef
Ply_Result
Ply_Coef
n
Σa-Cn
an-Pl
Σa-Pl
T-VAR Rang
List
DrawR Σ-Con
DrawR-Plt
GRPH
a
b
c
d
e
r
a
b
c
DrawR Σ -Plt
Σ DSP On
Off
Reslt
EQUA S-Rlt
S-Cof
REL
I/O
=
=
≠
>
≠
>
RESID None
List
d
e
r
P-Rlt
<
<
CPLX Real
a+bi
P-Cof
≥
≤
≥
≤
a+bi
r2
r2
TVM
n
r∠
d/c
θ
r∠
θ
MSe MSe
I%
PV
PMT
FV
I%
Locate_
Getkey
Send(
FRAC
Lcte
Gtky
Send
Recv
S38k
R38k
Open
Close
d/c
ab/c
Y=DrawSpeedNorm
Q
1
Q
1
PV
ab/c
Norm
High
•
Med Med
PMT
Y SPD
Q
3
Q
3
FV
Receive(
Send38k_
Receive38k_
OpenComport38k
Y=DrawSpeedHigh
Mod Mod
P/Y
C/Y
P/Y
Strt H_Start
Pitch H_pitch
C/Y
CloseComport38k
:
:
20070201
8-7-3
PRGM Mode Command List
BASE Program
]( ) key
[
] key
SHIFT
[
[SHIFT][MENU](SET UP) key
F4 MENU
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
ZOOM Fact
Factor_
d~o
d
d
Dec
Hex
Bin
Oct
Dec
Hex
Bin
Oct
Auto
ZoomAuto
ViewWindow_
StoV-Win_
RclV-Win_
Cls
h
h
V-WIN V-Win
Sto
b
b
o
o
Rcl
LOG
Neg
Not
and
or
Neg_
Not_
and
or
SKTCH Cls
Tang
Tangent_
Normal_
Inverse_
Graph_Y=
Graph_r=
Norm
Inv
xor
xnor
xor
xnor
GRPH Y=
r=
'
'
DISP
Dec
Dec
'
Hex
'
Parm Graph(X,Y)=(
Hex
'
Bin
'
X=c Graph_X=
Bin
'
Oct
'
G-∫
dx Graph_
∫
Oct
Y>
Y<
Y≥
Y≤
Graph_Y>
Graph_Y<
Graph_Y≥
[SHIFT][VARS](PRGM) key
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Command
_
Graph Y≤
Prog
Prog_
Lbl_
Goto_
⇒
PLOT Plot Plot_
JUMP Lbl
_
Pl-On PlotOn
Goto
Pl-Off PlotOff_
⇒
Pl-Chg PlotChg_
lsz
lsz_
Dsz_
?
LINE Line Line
Dsz
F-Line F-Line_
Circle_
?
Crcl
Vert
Hztl
Text
^
REL
^
Vertical_
Horizontal_
Text_
=
≠
>
<
≥
≤
=
≠
>
PIXL On
Off
PxlOn_
<
PxlOff_
Chg
PxlChg_
PxlTest(
SketchNormal_
Test
:
:
STYL
—
—
SketchThick_
·····
SketchBroken
SketchDot_
_
······
20070201
8-8-1
Program Library
8-8 Program Library
• Be sure to check how many bytes of unused memory are remaining before attempting to
perform any programming.
Program Name
Prime Factorization
Description
This program continually divides a natural number by factors until all its prime factors are
produced.
Purpose
This program accepts input of natural number A, and divides it by B (2, 3, 5, 7....) to find the
prime factors of A.
• If a division operation does not produce a remainder, the result of the operation is
assigned to A.
• The above procedure is repeated until B > A.
Example
440730 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 59 × 83
20070201
8-8-2
Program Library
egcw
w
ww
w
20070201
8-8-3
Program Library
Program Name Arithmetic-Geometric Sequence Differentiation
Description
After inputting sequence terms 1, 2, and 3, this program determines whether it is an
arithmetic sequence or geometric sequence based on the differences and ratios of the terms.
Purpose
This program determines whether a specific sequence is an arithmetic sequence or
geometric sequence.
Example 1 5, 10, 15, ... Arithmetic sequence
Example 2 5, 10, 20, ... Geometric sequence
20070201
8-8-4
Program Library
Example 1
Example 2
fw
fw
baw
ca
baw
bf
w
w
20070201
8-8-5
Program Library
Program Name
Ellipse
Description
This program displays a number table of the following values based on input of the foci of an
ellipse, the sum of the distance between the loci and foci, and the pitch (step size) of X.
Y1: Coordinate values of upper half of ellipse
Y2: Coordinate values of lower half of ellipse
Y3: Distances between right focus and loci
Y4: Distances between left focus and loci
Y5: Sum of Y3 and Y4
Next, the program plots the foci and values in Y1 and Y2.
Purpose
This program shows that the sums of the
distances between the loci and two foci of an
ellipse are equal.
20070201
8-8-6
Program Library
d
wba
wb
w
w
20070201
8-8-7
Program Library
Program Name
Rotation
Description
This program draws an angle at the coordinate defined by an input vertex, and then rotates it
to a specified angle around the vertex.
Purpose
This program demonstrates coordinate transformation using a matrix.
Important!
Deg must be set as the angle unit for this program.
20070201
8-8-8
Program Library
...
fcde
dw
fcde
wfcde
wfcde
w
...
...
...
w
daw
20070201
8-8-9
Program Library
Program Name Interior Angles and Surface Area of a Triangle
Description
This program calculates the interior angles and surface area of a triangle defined by input
coordinates for angles A, B, and C.
Purpose
This program calculates the interior angles and surface area of a triangle defined by
coordinates for angles A, B, and C.
Important!
Inputting the same coordinates for any two angles (A, B, C) causes an error.
20070201
8-8-10
Program Library
b
awaw
bwaw
(
)
aw!x ' d
w
20070201
Chapter
Spreadsheet
The Spreadsheet application provides you with powerful, take-
along-anywhere spreadsheet capabilities.
9
9-1 Spreadsheet Overview
9-2 File Operations and Re-calculation
9-3 Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations
9-4 Inputting and Editing Cell Data
•
9-5 S SHT Mode Commands
9-6 Statistical Graphs
9-7 Using the CALC Function
•
9-8 Using Memory in the S SHT Mode
20070201
9-1-1
Spreadsheet Overview
9-1 Spreadsheet Overview
This section describes the Spreadsheet application screen, and provides basic information
about its menus and commands.
•
k Using the S SHT Mode
•
On the Main Menu, select the S SHT icon.
•
• This will enter the S SHT mode and display a spreadsheet.
•
• The first time you enter the S SHT mode, the calculator will automatically create a file
named “SHEET” for the displayed spreadsheet.
k Spreadsheet Screen Configuration
A spreadsheet consists of a “cells” and their contents as shown below.
File name
Shows as many characters
as possible of the file name.
Column letters (A to Z)
Cell cursor
Row numbers
(1 to 999)
Edit box
Function menu
Shows the contents of the cell where
the cell cursor is currently located. When
multiple cells are selected, the edit box
indicates the selected cell range.
• Each cell can contain a value, expression, text, or a formula. Formulas can contain a
reference to a specific cell or a range of cells.
• Each cell has a unique name, consisting of its column letter and row number. The name of
the cell where the cell cursor is located in the above example is “A1”.
20070201
9-1-2
Spreadsheet Overview
•
k S SHT Mode Function Menu
• {FILE} … {displays the FILE submenu}
• {NEW} … {creates a new spreadsheet file}
• {OPEN} … {displays a list of previously saved spreadsheet files}
You can select a file on this list and open it or delete it.
•
• {SV AS} … {saves the displayed spreadsheet under a new name (Save As)}
• {RECAL} … {recalculates the formulas included in the displayed spreadsheet}
• {EDIT} … {displays the EDIT submenu}
• {CUT}/{PASTE} … 1(CUT) specifies you want to cut the currently selected cell(s).
This causes the 1 function key function to change to (PASTE),
so you can move the cell cursor to another location and press
1(PASTE) to paste the cells you cut. Performing the paste
operation causes the original cells to be cleared.
• {COPY} … 2(COPY) specifies you want to copy the currently selected cell(s). This
causes the 1 function key function to change to (PASTE), so you can
move the cell cursor to another location and press 1(PASTE) to paste the
cells you copied. Performing the paste operation does not affect the original
cells.
• {CELL} … {recalls the contents of the currently selected cell (one only) for editing}
• {JUMP} … {displays a JUMP submenu}
• {GO} … {displays a dialog box for making the cell cursor jump to a particular cell}
• {TOP↑ } … {causes the cell cursor to jump to line 1 of the column where the cell
cursor is located}
• {TOP← } … {causes the cell cursor to jump to column A of the line where the cell
cursor is located}
• {BOT↓ } … {causes the cell cursor to jump to last line of the column where the cell
cursor is located}
• {BOT→ } …{causes the cell cursor to jump to column Z of the line where the cell
cursor is located}
20070201
9-1-3
Spreadsheet Overview
• {SEQ} … {generates a numeric sequence the same way as the “Seq(” command (page
3-2-3)}
The sequence starts from a specified cell, and can be configured to proceed
in a line-wise or column-wise direction. The direction is the one specified by
the “Move” setting on the Setup screen (page 1-8-5).
• {FILL} … {displays a screen for entering a formula, expression, value, or text, which is
then filled into the all of the currently selected cells}
•
• {SRT A} … {sorts ascending (A, B, C...) the currently selected row or column of cells}
•
• {SRT D} … {sorts descending (Z, Y, X...) the currently selected row or column of cells}
• {DEL} … {displays the DEL submenu}
• {ROW} … {deletes the entire row(s) of the currently selected cell(s), and shifts anything
below upwards}
• {COL} … {deletes the entire column(s) of the currently selected cell(s), and shifts
anything to the right leftwards}
• {ALL} … {deletes the contents of all of the cells in the currently displayed spreadsheet}
• {INS} … {displays the INS submenu}
• {ROW} … {inserts the same number of rows as the currently selected rows, above the
selected rows}
• {COL} … {inserts the same number of columns as the currently selected columns, to
the right of the selected columns}
• {CLR} … {clears the contents of the currently selected cell(s)}
• {GRPH} … {displays a graph menu that is identical to the one used in the STAT mode}
{GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3}/{SEL}/{SET}
Some of the functions on the menu that appears when you press 6(SET)
here are different from those that appear when you press 6(SET) in the
STAT mode.
• {CALC} … {displays a CALC (statistical calculation) menu that is identical to the one used
in the STAT mode}
{1VAR}/{2VAR}/{REG}/{SET}
Some of the functions on the menu that appears when you press 6(SET)
here are different from those that appear when you press 6(SET) in the
STAT mode. See “9-7 Using the CALC Function” for more information.
20070201
9-1-4
Spreadsheet Overview
• {STO} … {displays the STO submenu}
• {VAR} … {assigns the contents of a cell to a variable}
• {LIST} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a list}
• {FILE} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a file}
• {MAT} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a matrix}
• {RCL} … {displays the RCL submenu}
• {LIST} … {imports data from a list into the spreadsheet}
• {FILE} … {imports data from a file into the spreadsheet}
• {MAT} … {imports data from a matrix into the spreadsheet}
uData Input Function Menu
• {GRAB} … {enters the Grab mode for inputting sell references}
For details, see “To reference a particular cell” (page 9-4-6).
• {$} … {inputs the absolute reference command ($) into a cell}
• {:} … {inputs the cell range command (:) into a cell}
•
• {If} … {inputs the “CellIf(” S SHT mode command}
•
• {CEL} … {displays a submenu for inputting the following S SHT mode commands}
“CellMin(”, “CellMax(”, “CellMean(”, “CellMedian(”, “CellSum(”, “CellProd(”
• {REL} … {displays a submenu for inputting the following relational operators}
“=”, “≠ ”, “>”, “<”, “≥ ”, “≤ ”
•
# For details about the S SHT mode
commands you can access with 4(If)
•
and 5(CEL), see “9-5 S SHT Mode
Commands”.
20070201
9-2-1
File Operations and Re-calculation
9-2 File Operations and Re-calculation
•
This section explains the various operations you can perform with S SHT mode files. It also
tells you how to re-calculate the formulas in a spreadsheet.
k Spreadsheet File Operations
u To create a new file
•
1. In the S SHT mode, press 1(FILE)1(NEW).
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a file
name.
2. Enter up to eight characters for the
Spreadsheet file name, and then press w.
• This will display a blank spreadsheet.
# If the file name you enter in step 2 is the
name of a spreadsheet file already stored
in memory, the calculator will open that file
instead of creating a new one.
20070201
9-2-2
File Operations and Re-calculation
u To open a file
•
1. In the S SHT mode, press 1(FILE)2(OPEN).
• This will display a list of existing spreadsheet
files.
2. Use f and c to highlight the name of the file you want to open.
3. Press w.
• This will open the spreadsheet you selected in step 2.
u To delete a file
•
1. In the S SHT mode, press 1(FILE)2(OPEN).
• This will display a list of existing spreadsheet files.
2. Use f and c to highlight the name of the file you want to delete.
3. Press 1(DEL).
4. In response to the confirmation message that appears, press 1(Yes) to delete the file,
or 6(No) to cancel the delete operation without doing anything.
5. To return to the spreadsheet from the file list, press J.
# If you delete the currently open file, the
calculator will automatically close its screen
and then automatically generate a new file named
“SHEET”, and display its blank spreadsheet.
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9-2-3
File Operations and Re-calculation
u To save a file under a new name (Save As)
•
•
1. In the S SHT mode, press 1(FILE)3(SV AS).
• This will display a dialog box for entering a file name.
2. Enter up to eight characters for the file name, and then press w.
k About Auto Save
•
The S SHT mode has an Auto Save feature that automatically saves any changes to make
to a spreadsheet file as you edit it. This means you do not need to perform any manual save
operation.
k Recalculating a Formula
Use the following procedure to recalculate the formulas in a spreadsheet.
u To re-execute all of the formulas in a spreadsheet
While the spreadsheet is on the display, press 1(FILE)4(RECAL).
• This will re-execute all of the formulas and display the updated results in the applicable
cells.
# If a file already exists with the same file name
you input in step 2, a message will appear
asking if you want to replace the existing file
with the new one.
# Using Auto Calc
When “On” is selected for the “Auto Calc” setting
on the Setup screen (page 1-8-5), all of the
formulas in a spreadsheet are executed and
cell values are update automatically whenever
the spreadsheet file is opened, whenever the
spreadsheet is edited, etc. The initial default
setting for “Auto Calc” is “On”.
Formulas in a spreadsheet are not executed
automatically if “Off” is selected for “Auto Calc”.
In this case, you need to press 1(FILE)
4(RECAL) to re-execute formulas and update
cell values when you want.
Press 1(Yes) to replace the existing file
with the new one, or 6(No) to return to the
spreadsheet without saving.
# The expressions in all cells are re-calculated
when “Auto Calc” is “On”. This can cause the
calculation to take longer.
20070201
9-3-1
Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations
9-3 Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations
This section explains basic procedures for selecting cells and moving the cell cursor on a
spreadsheet.
k Cell Cursor
The cell cursor is the highlighting showing the cell or cells that are currently selected on a
spreadsheet.
• While a single cell is selected with the cell cursor, the edit box (the line above the function
menu at the bottom of the spreadsheet screen) shows the contents (value, formula, etc.) of
that cell. While multiple cells are selected with the cell cursor, the edit box shows the range
of selected cells.
• For details about selecting cells, see “Selecting Cells” (page 9-3-2).
k Moving the Cell Cursor
You can move the cell cursor with the cursor key, or by using the JUMP command.
u To move the cell cursor using the cursor key
When a single cell is selected, you can use the cursor key to move the cell cursor up,
down, left, or right.
20070201
9-3-2
Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations
u To move the cell cursor using the JUMP command
To move the cell cursor to
Do this:
here:
A particular cell
1. Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)1(GO).
2. On the “Go To Cell” dialog box that appears, enter the
name of the destination cell (A1 to Z999).
3. Press w.
Line 1 of current column
Column A of current line
Bottom line of current column
Column Z of current line
Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)2(TOP↑ ).
Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)3(TOP← ).
Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)4(BOT↓ ).
Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)5(BOT→ ).
u Specifying Cell Cursor Movement when Inputting Cell Data
Under the initial default setup, the cell cursor moves down to the next line when you press
the w to finalize input into a spreadsheet cell.You can use the “Move” setting on the
Setup screen to change this to rightward movement if you want. For details, see “1-8 Using
the Setup Screen”.
k Selecting Cells
Before performing any operation in a cell, you must first select it.You can select a single cell,
a range of cells, all the cells in a row or column, or all of the cells in the spreadsheet.
u To select a single cell
Use the cursor keys or the JUMP command to move the cell cursor to the cell you want.
• See “Moving the Cell Cursor” (page 9-3-1) for more information.
# The EDIT function key menu will remain on
the display after the cell cursor jumps to the
destination cell. To return to page 1 of the
function menu, press J.
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9-3-3
Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations
u To select an entire line
While the cell cursor is located in any cell of Column A, press the d key. This will select
the entire line where the cell cursor is located.
If the cell cursor is located at cell A1, for example, pressing d will select all of line 1 (A1
to Z1). The edit box will show “A1:Z1”.
u To select an entire column
While the cell cursor is located in any cell of Line 1, press the f key. This will select the
entire column where the cell cursor is located.
If the cell cursor is located at cell A1, for example, pressing f will select all of column 1
(A1 to A999). The edit box will show “A1:A999”.
u To select all of the cells in a spreadsheet
Perform either of the following two operations.
• While all of the cells of Column A are selected, press d.
• While all of the cells of Line 1 are selected, press f.
When all cells are selected, the edit box will show the file name of the currently open
spreadsheet.
• For this example, the file name of the spreadsheet is “SHEET”.
20070201
9-3-4
Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations
u To select a range of cells
1. Move the cell cursor to the start cell of the
range you want to select.
2. Press !i(CLIP).
• This will cause the cell cursor to change from
highlighting to a thick-line boundary.
• As you move the cell cursor, the edit box will
show the range of cells that are currently
selected.
3. Use the cursor keys to move the cell cursor
to the end cell of the range you want to
select.
Selected cells are highlighted.
• To cancel cell selection, press J. If you do, the cell cursor will be located at the end
cell of the range you selected.
# Pressing !i(CLIP) while an entire line is
selected, that line will be the selection range
start point.You can use the f and c
cursor keys to select additional lines.
# Pressing !i(CLIP) while an entire column is
selected, that column will be the selection range
start point.You can use the d and e cursor
keys to select additional columns.
20070201
9-4-1
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
9-4 Inputting and Editing Cell Data
This section explains how to input and edit formulas, text, and other spreadsheet cell data. It
covers how to copy, insert, and delete cells.
•
Note that the S SHT mode does not support complex number data.
k Basic Cell Data Input
You need to enter the edit mode in order to input data into a cell. There are two different
methods you can use to enter the edit mode, and the method you should use depends on
whether you want to input new data or edit the cell’s existing data.
When you want to do this:
Use this method:
Replace the cell’s current contents with your Select the cell and then start inputting.
new input.
Retain the cell’s current contents to edit or
add to it.
Select the cell and then press 2(EDIT)
3(CELL). Next, edit the cell contents as
desired.
⇒
In the edit mode, the cell’s contents
change to flush left, to indicate that
input and editing are enabled.
Normally, the contents of the cell
where the cell cursor is located are
displayed flush right in the edit box
(input and editing disabled).
20070201
9-4-2
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
u To replace a cell’s current contents with new input
1. Move the cell cursor to the cell where you want to input data.
2. Input the desired data.
Use the calculator’s keys to input values, math expressions, or text, and the function
menus to input commands.
• The calculator enters the edit mode as soon as you start input, so your input appears
flush left in the edit box.
• The input cursor is located at the current
input position.You can move the input
cursor using the left and right cursor keys.
Input cursor
3. After everything is the way you want, press w.
• Pressing w will cause the cell cursor to move to the next cell.You can specify
movement to the next line or to the next column using the “Move” setting on the Setup
screen (page 1-8-5).
• If “Auto Calc” is turned on (page 1-8-5), all of the formulas in the spreadsheet will be
re-calculated when you press w.
• To cancel data input, press J. This will return the cell contents to what they were
before you started inputting data.
u To edit the current contents of a cell
1. Move the cell cursor to the cell where you want to edit data.
• This will display the contents of the cell,
flush right, in the edit box.
20070201
9-4-3
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
2. Press 2(EDIT)3(CELL).
• This will enter the edit mode, which is indicated by
the cell contents in the edit box changing to flush
left. The input cursor also will appear to the left of
the first character of the edit box.
3. Edit the data in the edit box.
4. After everything is the way you want, press w.
• If “Auto Calc” is turned on (page 1-8-5), all of the formulas in the spreadsheet will be
re-calculated when you press w.
• To cancel data input, press J. This will return the cell contents to what they were
before you started editing them.
k Inputting a Formula
•
A formula is an expression that the S SHT mode calculates and evaluates when you input it,
when data related to the formula is changed, etc.
A formula always starts with an equal sign (=), and can contain any one of the following.
• Values
• Mathematical expressions
• Cell references
• Calculator built-in function commands (page 2-4-1)
•
• S SHT mode commands (page 9-5-1)
If “Auto Calc” is turned on (page 1-8-5), formulas are calculated dynamically whenever
related values are changed, and the latest result is always displayed in the spreadsheet.
The following shows a simple example where a formula in cell B5 calculates the average of
the values in cells B1 through B3.
20070201
9-4-4
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
u Formula Input Example
In this example, we will input the 60 into cell A1, and then input the following formulas into
the indicated cells: B1: =sin(A1), B2: =cos(A1), B3: =tan(A1), B4: =B1/B2
We will also show that the values produced by B3 and B4 are the same even if we change
the value of A1, so sin (x) ÷ cos (x) = tan (x) holds true.
Note
• This example assumes that the calculator is configured as follows.
The “Move” setting on the Setup screen (page 1-8-5) is “Low” (initial default).
The “Angle” setting on the Setup screen is “Deg”.
• This example also uses cell referencing. For more information about cell referencing, see
page 9-4-5.
u To input formulas
1. Move the cell cursor to cell A1, and then input gaw.
2. Move the cell cursor to cell B1, and then input the following.
!.(=)sav(A)bw
• Pressing w will cause the cell cursor to move to cell B2.
3. Perform the following procedures to input the formulas for cells B2 through B4.
!.(=)cav(A)bw
!.(=)tav(A)bw
!.(=)al(B)b/al(B)cw
4. Move the cell cursor to cell A1, and then input
daw.
• This will cause the updated values to appear in cells B1 through B4, based on re-
calculation using the new value you input in cell A1. Since the values produced by
B3 and B4 are the same even if we change the value of A1, sin (x) ÷ cos (x) = tan (x)
holds true.
20070201
9-4-5
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
k Using Cell References
A cell reference is a symbol that references the value of one cell for use by another cell. If
you input “=A1+B1” into cell C2, for example, the Spreadsheet will add the current value of
cell A1 to the current value of cell B1, and display the result in cell C2.
There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute. It is very important that you
understand the difference between relative and absolute cell references. Otherwise, your
spreadsheet may not produce the results you expect.
Relative Cell References
A relative cell reference is one that changes according to its location on the spreadsheet.
The cell reference “=A1” in cell C2, for example, is a reference to the cell located “two
columns to the left and one cell up” from the current cell (C2, in this case). If we copy
the contents of cell C2 and paste them into cell D12, for example, the cell reference will
change automatically to “=B11”, because B11 is two columns to the left and one cell up
from cell D12.
Be sure to remember that relative cell references always change dynamically in this way
whenever you move them using copy and paste.
Important!
When you copy a relative cell reference from the edit box, it is copied to the clipboard as
text and pasted “as-is” without changing. If “=A1” is in cell C2 and you copy “=A1” from the
edit box and paste it into cell D12, for example, D12 will also be “=A1”.
Absolute Cell References
An absolute cell reference is the one that does not change, regardless of where it is
located or where it is copied to or moved to.You can make both the row and column
of a cell reference absolute, or you can make only the row or only the column of a cell
reference absolute, as described below.
This cell reference:
Does this:
$A$1
$A1
Always refers to column A, row 1
Always refers to column A, but the row changes
dynamically when moved, as with a relative cell reference
A$1
Always refers to row 1, but the column changes
dynamically when moved, as with a relative cell reference
Let’s say, for example, that a reference to cell A1 is in cell C1. The following shows what
each of the above cell references would become if the contents of cell C1 were copied to
cell D12.
$A$1 → $A$1
$A1 → $A12
A$1 → B$1
20070201
9-4-6
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
k Referencing a Particular Cell
The following procedure shows how to reference A1 (which contains the value 3) and
perform the calculation A1 × 2.
u To reference a particular cell
1. Move the cell cursor to cell A2, and then input
!.(=).
2. Press 1(GRAB).
• This enters the Grab mode, which changes
the function menu to the function described
below. The Grab mode function menu
makes it easier to move the cursor around
the spreadsheet.
To move the cell cursor to here:
A specific cell
Press this key:
2(GO)
Line 1 of current column
Column A of current line
Bottom line of current column
Column Z of current line
3(TOP↑ )
4(TOP← )
5(BOT↓ )
6(BOT→ )
3. Press f to move the cell cursor to cell A1.
4. Press 1(SET).
• This inputs the reference to cell A1.
# Instead of using the GRAB command
above procedure, you could input av(A)b
to type “A1” if you want. For more information, see
“Formula Input Example” (page 9-4-4).
(1(GRAB) in step 2), you could also type in
the necessary letter and number manually, if
you want. In place of steps 2 through 4 in the
20070201
9-4-7
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
5. Next, input *c.
6. Press w to store the formula.
Result of A1 × 2
k Referencing a Range of Cells
You can reference a range of cells to obtain their sum, mean, etc.
The following procedure input a formula to determine the sum of cells A6 through B7, and
inputs the result in cell A4. This procedure assumes that cells A6 through B7 already contain
the values shown below.
A
B
6
7
1
3
2
4
u To reference a range of cells
1. Move the cell cursor to cell A4, and then input !.(=).
2. Perform the following key operation to input the sum command.
5(CEL)5(Sum)
•
•
• “CellSum(’’ is a S SHT mode command. See “9-5 S SHT Mode Commands” for more
information.
3. Press J1(GRAB).
• This enters the Grab mode.
4. Use the cursor keys to move the cell cursor to the
first cell of the range you want to select (A6 in this
example).
20070201
9-4-8
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
5. Press !i(CLIP).
• This will cause the cell cursor to change
from highlighting to a thick-line boundary.
6. Use the cursor keys to move the cell cursor to the
last cell of the range you want to select (B7 in this
example).
• You can use the function menu keys 2 through 6 for cell cursor movement.
Available functions are those described in step 2 under “To reference a particular cell”
(page 9-4-6).
7. To register the range of cells, press 1(SET).
• This will input the cell range (A6:B7).
8. Press w to store the formula.
Indicates the sum of the values in cells A6 through B7.
# Instead of using the “CLIP” command
(!i(CLIP) in step 5) to select a range
of cells, you could also use the “GRAB”
command and the “:” command. To use this
method perform the following steps in place of
steps 3 through 7 in the above procedure.
4. Move the cell cursor to the first cell of the range
(A6), and then press 1(SET).
• This will exit the Grab mode and input a
reference to cell A6.
5. Press 3(:).
6. Press 1(GRAB) to re-enter the Grab mode.
7. Move the cell cursor to the last cell of the range
(B7), and then press 1(SET).
3. Press 1(GRAB) to enter the Grab
mode.
• This will input the cell range (A6:B7).
20070201
9-4-9
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
k Inputting the Absolute Reference Symbol ($)
You can input the absolute reference symbol at the current cursor position by pressing the
2($) key of the edit mode function menu. See “Absolute Cell References” (page 9-4-5) for
more information.
u To input the absolute reference symbol
Example
To input =$A$1 into cell C1
1. Move the cell cursor to cell C1, and then input
!.(=).
2. Press 2($).
3. Press 1(GRAB) to enter the Grab mode, and move the cell cursor to cell A1.
4. Press 1(SET).
5. Press the d key to move the cursor to the left of
“1”.
6. Press 2($).
7. To register the formula, press w.
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9-4-10
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
k Inputting a Constant
An expression or value that you input without an equal (=) in front of it is called a “constant”,
because the value is not affected by anything outside of the cell where it is located.
If you input a math expression as a constant, the cell shows its result. A “Syntax ERROR” will
occur if an expression uses an incomplete or illegal syntax, or if its result is a list or matrix.
The following table shows various types of constants and the results they display.
Constant
Displayed Result
2005
7+3
2005
10
sin 30
sin X+1 *1
AX *1*2
dim {1,2,3}
1=0
0.5
1.5
60
3
0
1
1>0
sin
Syntax ERROR
Syntax ERROR
{1,2,3}
*1When 30 is assigned to variable X and 2 is
assigned to variable A.
*2A character string like AX is treated as a series
of variables (page 2-2-1).
To have a character string treated as text, start it
with a quote mark (").
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
k Inputting Text
A text string starting with a quote mark (") is treated as text, and displayed as-is. The quote
mark (") is not displayed as part of the text.
Up to six characters can be
displayed by the cell.
If the text cannot fit into a single cell, it
extends into the next cell to the right, when
the cell to the right is empty.
k Generating a Numeric Sequence in a Spreadsheet
The following shows how to generate a numeric sequence (same procedure as the Seq
command on page 3-2-3) and input the result automatically into a series of cells, starting
from the cell you specify.
u To generate a numeric sequence in a spreadsheet
Example
To generate a numeric sequence starting from cell A1 using the
following parameters
Function: f (x) = X2
Variable: X
Starting Value: 1
Ending Value: 15
Increment: 7
1. Move the cell cursor to the cell from which you want the generated sequence to be
input.
2. Press 2(EDIT)5(SEQ).
• This will display a dialog box like the one shown to
the right.
This is the cell you selected in step 1.
You can input a total of 249 bytes into the Expr, Var, Start, End, and Incre items of the
Sequence dialog box.
20070201
9-4-12
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
3. Enter the required items to generate the sequence.
• The following describes the required input items.
Item
Expr
Var
Description
Function f(x) for generating the sequence
Name of the variable in the function f(x)
Even if a function has only one variable, its name must be defined here.
The starting value (Start), ending value (End) and pitch (Incre) of the values
assigned to the variable specified by Var
Specifying Start: 1, End: 15, and Incre: 7, for example, will generate a
sequence by assigning the following values to the variable: 1, 8, 15.
Start
End
Incre
• Use the f and c cursor keys to move between items, and input the required data
for each one. The following shows how the screen should appear after your input the
data required for this example.
4. After inputting data for all the items, press
6(EXE) or the w key.
• This will cause the values of the generated
sequence to be input into the spreadsheet
starting from the cell you selected in step 1.
# If any cell that is within the range of cells
where sequence values are input already
contains data, the existing data is replaced
with the sequence values.
# Sequence values are input into cells either line-
wise or column-wise, depending on the “Move”
setting on the Setup screen. The initial default
setting is line-wise (top to bottom). For details,
see “1-8 Using the Setup Screen”.
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
k Filling a Range of Cells with the Same Content
You can use the following procedure to fill a range of cells with the same formula, expression,
value, or text.
u To fill a range of cells with the same content
Example
To use the “FILL” command to fill cells A2 through B3 with the formula
= A1+1
The A1 cell name of the formula is a relative reference. This means the
formula is = A1+1 in cell A2, = A2+1 in cell A3, etc.
In this example, it is assumed that 1 is already input into cell A1, and 2 is
input into cell B1.
1. Select the range of cells from A2 through B3.
• See “To select a range of cells” (page 9-3-4) for more information.
2. Press 2(EDIT)6(g)1(FILL).
• This displays the Fill dialog box.
This is the range of cells you selected in step 1.
3. While the “Formula” line is highlighted, enter the content you want to be filled into each
of the cells in the selected range.
• Here we will enter “=A1+1”.
20070201
9-4-14
Inputting and Editing Cell Data
4. Press w.
5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key.
• This executes the “FILL” command and fills the
specified content into the specified range of cells.
The A1 cell reference is a relative reference. The following shows the formulas that are
actually input into each cell.
A
B
2
3
=A1+1 =B1+1
=A2+1 =B2+1
# If any cell within the range of selected cells
already contains data, the new fill data will
replace the existing data.
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
k Cut and Paste
You can use the procedures in this section to cut the data in one location of a spreadsheet
and paste in another location.You can cut the contents of a single cell or a range of cells.
u How cut and paste affects cell references
The cut and paste operation has special rules that govern how cell references (page 9-4-5)
within the cells being cut and pasted are handled. There are actually two different sets of
rules to cover the following two conditions.
• When cells within the cut area are referencing cells that are outside the cut area
• When cells within the cut area are referencing cells that are also within the cut area
• When a cell within the cut area is referencing a cell that is outside the cut area
In this case all cell references are treated as absolute cell references, no matter what
type they actually are (absolute or relative).
Example
Let’s say we have a spreadsheet that contains the following data:
A1: 4, B1: =A1+1, C1: =B1+2.
Cut B1:C1 (left screen) and paste the data in B2:C2 (right screen).
⇒
Since the expression in cell B1 references cell A1, which is outside the cut
area (B1:C1), the A1 reference is pasted unchanged (like an absolute cell
reference) into cell C2.
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
• When a cell within the cut area is referencing a cell that also is within the cut area
In this case all cell references are treated as relative cell references, no matter what type
they actually are (absolute or relative).
Example
Let’s say we have a spreadsheet that contains the following data:
A1: 4, B1: =A1+1, C1: = $B$1+2.
Cut B1:C1 (left screen) and paste the data in B2:C2 (right screen).
⇒
Since the expression in cell C1 references cell B1, which is also inside
the cut area (B1:C1), the $B$1 reference changes to $B$2 (like a relative
cell reference) when pasted into cell C2, even though it is an absolute cell
reference.
u To cut and paste spreadsheet data
1. Select the cell(s) you want to cut.
• See “To select a single cell” (page 9-3-2) and “To select a range of cells” (page 9-3-4)
for more information.
2. Press 2(EDIT)1(CUT).
• This selects the data and enters the paste mode, which causes the 1 function key
menu to change to (PASTE).
• You can exit the paste mode at any time during the following steps by pressing J.
# For more information about absolute and
relative cell references, see “Using Cell
References” on page 9-4-5.
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
3. Use the cursor keys to move the cell cursor to the cell from which you want to paste the
data.
• If you selected a range of cells in step 1, the cell you select with the cell cursor will be
the upper left cell of the paste range. If you cut the A1:B2 range of cells, locating the
cell cursor at cell C1 will paste the cells at C1:D2.
4. Press 1(PASTE).
• This will clear the data from the cell(s) you selected in step 1 and paste it at the
location you selected in step 3.
k Copy and Paste
You can use the procedures in this section to copy the data in one location of a spreadsheet
and paste in another location.You can copy the contents of a single cell or of a range of cells.
Once you copy data, you can paste it multiple times in different locations.
u To copy and paste spreadsheet data
1. Select the cell(s) you want to copy.
• See “To select a single cell” (page 9-3-2) and “To select a range of cells” (page 9-3-4)
for more information.
2. Press 2(EDIT)2(COPY).
• This selects the data and enters the paste mode, which causes the 1 function key
menu to change to (PASTE).
• You can exit the paste mode at any time during the following steps by pressing J.
# If there are any relative cell references
# If any cell in the paste area already contains
contained in the data you are pasting, they
data, the existing data is replaced by the
are handled in accordance with standard
pasted data.
relative cell reference rules. See “Relative Cell
# If pasted data includes a formula, the formula
References” (page 9-4-5) for more information.
is always re-executed when you paste it. This
is true regardless of whether the “Auto Calc”
feature on the Setup screen (page 1-8-5) is on
or off.
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
3. Use the cursor keys to move the cell cursor to the cell from which you want to paste the
data.
• If you selected a range of cells in step 1, the cell you select with the cell cursor will be
the upper left cell of the paste range. If you copy the A1:B2 range of cells, locating the
cell cursor at cell C1 will paste the cells at C1:D2.
4. Press 1(PASTE).
• This will paste the data in the cells you selected in step 1 at the location you selected
in step 3.
5. The calculator will remain in the paste mode, so you could repeat steps 3 and 4 to
paste the same data at other locations, if you want.
6. After you are finish pasting the data where you want, press J to exit the paste mode.
When the A1 relative cell reference in A3 (which
# If any cell in the paste area already contains
effectively means “two cells up”) is pasted into
data, the existing data is replaced by the
cell B2, it becomes an illegal reference because
pasted data.
there is no cell located two cells up from cell B2.
# If a copy and paste operation causes a relative
This will cause the cell reference to change to
cell reference to become an illegal reference,
“B?” when it is pasted in cell B2, and “ERROR”
the illegal reference will be replaced by “?”
will be displayed in place of the cell B2 contents.
in the cell where it is pasted. Let’s say, for
# If “On” is selected for the “Auto Calc” setting on
example, that you copy the contents of cell A3
the Setup screen (page 1-8-5), “ERROR” will
(=A1+A2) and paste it in cell B2.
appear as soon as the data is pasted. If “Auto
Calc” is turned off, the contents of the cell will
not be performed when they are pasted, so
the destination cell (B2) will display the same
data as the original source cell (A3) until the
contents of the spreadsheet are re-calculated
and updated.
⇓
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
k Sorting Spreadsheet Data
Spreadsheet data can be sorted column-wise or line-wise.You can select either ascending
sort or descending sort.
Important!
• Sorting can be performed only when the selected range of cells contains all constants.
u To sort spreadsheet data
1. Select the series of cells in a single row or a single column that you want to sort.
• See “To select a range of cells” (page 9-3-4) for more information.
2. Use the function menu to select the type of sort you want to perform.
Ascending: 2(EDIT)6(g)2(SRT•A)
Descending: 2(EDIT)6(g)3(SRT•D)
• Selecting a sort type will sort the data.
k Deleting and Inserting Cells
You can delete an individual cell, or an entire line or column of cells.You can also insert a line
or column of blank cells when you need to.
u To delete an entire line or column of cells
1. Select one or more cells inside the line(s) or column(s) you want to delete.
You could also select the entire line
or column to be deleted.
In this case, pressing 3(DEL) in
step 2 below will instantly delete
the entire line or column, without
displaying the DEL submenu.
This cell selection can be used to
delete lines 1 and 2 or columns A
and B.
2. Press 3(DEL) to display the DEL submenu.
# Data sorting is supported only for a single
line or a single column of data. Attempting to
perform a sort operation when multiple lines
or multiples columns are selected will cause a
“Range ERROR”.
# A “Syntax ERROR” will occur if the data you are
trying to sort contains a formula or text.
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
3. Use the DEL submenu to perform the operation you want.
When you want to do this:
Press this key:
Delete the entire row(s) of the currently selected cell(s), and shift
anything below upwards.
1(ROW)
⇒
Delete the entire column(s) of the currently selected cell(s), and
shift anything to the right leftwards.
2(COL)
⇒
• To exit the DEL submenu without deleting anything, press J instead of a function
key.
u To delete the contents of all the cells in a spreadsheet
1. Press 3(DEL)3(ALL).
2. In response to the confirmation message that appears, press 1(Yes) to delete the
data, or 6(No) to cancel the delete operation without deleting anything.
• After deleting all data, the blank spreadsheet screen will appear with the cell cursor
located at cell A1.
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Inputting and Editing Cell Data
u To insert lines or columns of blank cells
1. Select one or more cells to specify how many lines or columns you want to insert.
• Selection rules are the same as those for line and column deletion. See step 1 under
“To delete an entire line or column of cells” (page 9-4-19) for more information.
2. Press 4(INS) to display the INS submenu.
3. Use the INS submenu to perform the operation you want.
When you want to do this:
Press this key:
Insert the same number of rows as the currently selected rows,
above the selected rows.
1(ROW)
⇒
Insert the same number of columns as the currently selected
columns, above the selected columns.
2(COL)
⇒
• To exit the INS submenu without inserting anything, press J instead of a function
key.
• A Range ERROR occurs if a line or column insert operation causes the current cells
to exceed the range of A1:Z999.
k Clearing Cell Contents
Perform the following procedure when you want to clear the contents of specific cells.
u To clear cell contents
1. Select the cell(s) whose contents you want to clear.
2. Press 5(CLR).
• This will clear the contents of the currently selected cells.
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9-5-1
S SHT Mode Commands
•
•
9-5 S SHT Mode Commands
•
This section explains how to use the S SHT mode commands.
•
u To input a S SHT mode command
•
1. Select the cells where you want to input the formula that contains the S SHT mode
command.
2. Press 2(EDIT)3(CELL) or !.(=) to enter the edit mode.
• 2(EDIT)3(CELL) can be used if the selected cell already contains data.
3. Press the function menu key for the command you want to input.
To input this command:
CellIf(
Press this key:
(Condition) 4(If)
For details:
Page 9-5-2
Page 9-5-2
Page 9-5-3
CellMin(
(Minimum of Cells) 5(CEL)1(Min)
CellMax(
(Maximum of Cells) 5(CEL)2(Max)
CellMean(
CellMedian(
CellSum(
(Mean of Cells) 5(CEL)3(Mean) Page 9-5-3
(Median of Cells) 5(CEL)4(Med)
(Sum of Cells) 5(CEL)5(Sum)
(Product of Cells) 5(CEL)6(Prod)
Page 9-5-3
Page 9-5-4
Page 9-5-4
CellProd(
4. Input the other parameters.
• The additional parameters you need to input depend on the command you are using.
•
For details, see “S SHT Mode Command Reference” on page 9-5-2.
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S SHT Mode Commands
•
•
k S SHT Mode Command Reference
This section provides details about the function and syntax of each command, as well as
practical examples of how to use them. Note that you can omit anything enclosed in brackets
([ ]) in the Syntax of each command.
u CellIf(
Function: Returns expression 1 when the equation or inequality is true, and expression 2
when it is false.
Syntax: CellIf( equation, expression 1, expression 2 [ ) ]
CellIf( inequality, expression 1, expression 2 [ ) ]
Example: If the value in cell A1 is greater than the value in cell B1, input the value of cell A1
into cell A2. Otherwise, input the value of cell B1 into cell A2.
u CellMin(
Function: Returns the lowest value contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: CellMin( start cell : end cell [ ) ]
Example: To determine the lowest value in the block whose upper left corner is located at
A3 and whose lower right corner is located at C5, and input the result in cell A1:
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S SHT Mode Commands
•
u CellMax(
Function: Returns the greatest value contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: CellMax( start cell : end cell [ ) ]
Example: To determine the greatest value in the block whose upper left corner is located at
A3 and whose lower right corner is located at C5, and input the result in cell A1:
u CellMean(
Function: Returns the mean of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: CellMean( start cell : end cell [ ) ]
Example: To determine the mean of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located
at A3 and whose lower right corner is located at C5, and input the result in cell
A1:
u CellMedian(
Function: Returns the median of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: CellMedian( start cell : end cell [ ) ]
Example: To determine the median of the values in the block whose upper left corner is
located at A3 and whose lower right corner is located at C5, and input the result
in cell A1:
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S SHT Mode Commands
•
u CellSum(
Function: Returns the sum of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: CellSum( start cell : end cell [ ) ]
Example: To determine the sum of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located
at A3 and whose lower right corner is located at C5, and input the result in cell
A1:
u CellProd(
Function: Returns the product of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: CellProd( start cell : end cell [ ) ]
Example: To determine the product of the values in cells B3 through B5, and input the result
in cell A1:
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9-6-1
Statistical Graphs
9-6 Statistical Graphs
This section explains how to graph the data in a spreadsheet.
k Overview
Except for selection of the data to be graphed, the graph operations you can use in the
•
S SHT mode are basically the same as those in the STAT mode. This section explains
•
the differences between the S SHT mode graph functions and the STAT mode graph
functions.
k Using the Graph Menu
Press 6(g)1(GRPH) to display the GRPH submenu.
The functions on the GRPH submenu are the same as those that appear when you press
1(GRPH) in the STAT mode List Editor. The following explains each function and where
you need to go to find out more for them.
Key
Description
Go here for more details:
Draws a graph in accordance with
StatGraph1 settings (see 6(SET) below).
1(GPH1)
Draws a graph in accordance with
StatGraph2 settings (see 6(SET) below).
“Changing Graph
Parameters” (page 6-1-2)
2(GPH2)
Draws a graph in accordance with
StatGraph3 settings (see 6(SET) below).
3(GPH3)
Displays a screen for selecting the graph
parameter setup (StatGraph1, StatGraph2,
or StatGraph3).You can also use the screen
to specify simultaneous drawing of multiple
graphs.
“2. Graph draw/non-draw
status” (page 6-1-4)
4(SEL)
Displays a screen for configuring graph
parameter settings (data to be graphed,
“1. General graph settings”
(page 6-1-2)
6(SET)
graph type, etc.) The setting screen lets you “Configuring Graph
configure separate settings for StatGraph1,
StatGraph2, and StatGraph3.
Parameter Settings” (page
9-6-2)
The functions of function menu keys 1 through 4 are basically the same as the STAT
mode function menu. Some of the functions on the menu that appears when you press
6(SET) here are different from those that appear when you press 6(SET) in the STAT
mode. For details about the differences, see “Configuring Graph Parameter Settings” on
page 9-6-2.
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Statistical Graphs
k Configuring Graph Parameter Settings
Pressing 6(SET) on the GRPH submenu displays a graph settings screen like the one
shown below.
•
In the STAT mode, you can graph data input with the List Editor. In the S SHT mode, you
•
can graph the data input into the spreadsheet cells. Because of this, the purpose of S SHT
mode graph settings is to select the range of cells that contain the data to be graphed. The
purpose of STAT mode settings, on the other hand, is to specify the number of the list (List 1
through List 26) where the data to be graphed is located.
The following describes the Spreadsheet graph settings you can configure on the graph
settings screen.
u XCellRange (range x-axis data cells)
• {Cell} … {the specified cell range data corresponds to x-axis data}
u YCellRange (range y-axis data cells)
• {Cell} … {the specified cell range data corresponds to y-axis data}
u Frequency (number of times a value occurs)
• {1} … {specifies 1 as the frequency of the values in the cell ranges specified by
XCellRange and YCellRange}
• {Cell} … {range of cells that specify the frequency for each cell specified by XCellRange
and YCellRange}
For example, if XCellRange = A3:A5, YCellRange = B3:B5, and Frequency =
C3:C5, the frequency of A3 and B3 will be the value in C3, the frequency of A4
and B4 will be C4, and so on.
For information on other settings, see “1. General graph settings” on page 6-1-2.
20070201
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Statistical Graphs
k Graphing Statistical Data
•
The following shows an actual example of how to graph statistical data in the S SHT mode.
It also explains various methods you can use to specify the range of cells that contains the
graph data.
u To graph statistical data
Example:
Input the following data into a spreadsheet, and then draw a scatter
diagram.
Height Shoe Size
A
B
C
D
E
155
165
180
185
170
23
25.5
27
28
25
1. Input the statistical data into a spreadsheet.
• Here, we will input the above data into the cell
range A1:B5.
2. Select the cell ranges you want to graph.
• Here we will select the range A1:B5.
3. Press 6(g)1(GRPH) to display the GRPH submenu.
4. Press 6(SET).
• This displays the StatGraph1 settings screen. The
first column of cells you selected in step 2 will
be displayed for XCellRange, while the second
column will be displayed for YCellRange.
• You can change the XCellRange and YCellRange settings manually, if you want. For
details, see “Configuring Range Settings for Graph Data Cells” (page 9-6-5).
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9-6-4
Statistical Graphs
5. Configure the graph setup settings.
• For information about configuring the Graph Type and Mark Type settings, see
“1. General graph settings” on page 6-1-2, “6-2 Calculating and Graphing
Single-Variable Statistical Data”, and “6-3 Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable
Statistical Data”.
• For information about configuring the Frequency setting, see “Configuring the
Frequency Setting” (page 9-6-6).
6. After all of the settings are the way you want, press J to exit the graph settings
screen.
7. Press 1(GPH1).
• This will draw a graph in accordance with the
StatGraph1 settings.
20070201
9-6-5
Statistical Graphs
k Configuring Range Settings for Graph Data Cells
The XCellRange and YCellRange settings on the graph settings screen are configured
automatically in accordance with the cells you select on the spreadsheet.You can use the
procedure below to change these settings manually, if you want.
Note that the automatic XCellRange and YCellRange settings always specify a series of
lines in a specific column. With manual settings, you can specify a series of lines in a specific
column, or a series of columns in a specific line.
u To change the XCellRange andYCellRange settings manually
1. Press 6(SET) on the GRPH submenu to display the graph settings screen.
2. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the
highlighting to XCellRange.
3. Press 1(CELL) or simply input something.
• Pressing 1(CELL) will display the current XCellRange setting (A3:A5 in this
example) with an input cursor, so you can edit it.
• If you simply input something, the current cell range setting will be replaced by what
you input.
• The function menu will change to the colon (:).
4. Input or edit the cell range.
• To input the colon, press 1(:).
5. After the XCellRange setting is the way you want, press Jc to move to the
YCellRange setting, and then perform steps 3 through 4 to configure its setting.
6. After all the settings are the way you want, press J.
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Statistical Graphs
k Configuring the Frequency Setting
The frequency is a value that specifies how many times each of the statistical data items is
repeated. A value of 1 is the initial default for this setting. With this setting, each data item (x)
or data pair (x, y) is represented as one point on the graph.
In cases where there is a large amount of data, however, plotting one point per data item (x)
or data pair (x, y) can cause the graph to become cluttered and difficult to read. If this
happens, you can specify a frequency value for each data item, which will reduce the number
of plots of very frequent data items and make the graph easier to read.
u To specify the frequency of each data item
1. Input the frequency values on the spreadsheet.
• For this example, input the frequency values for
the example data on page 9-6-3.
Frequency column (C)
2. Press 6(SET) on the GRPH submenu to display the graph settings screen.
3. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to Frequency.
4. Press 2(CELL).
• This enables cell range input for the Frequency setting. The function menu will change
to the colon (:).
5. Input the range of the cells that specify the frequencies (C1:C5 in this example).
• To input the colon (:), press 1(:).
6. After the setting is the way you want, press J.
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9-7-1
Using the CALC Function
9-7 Using the CALC Function
This section explains how to use the CALC function to perform statistical calculations on
spreadsheet data.
k Overview
Except for selection of the data, the statistical calculation operations you can use in the
S • SHT mode are basically the same as those in the STAT mode. This section explains the
differences between the S • SHT mode statistical calculation functions and the STAT mode
statistical calculation functions.
u Displaying the CALC Submenu
Press 6(g)2(CALC) to display the CALC submenu.
The functions on the CALC submenu are the same as those that appear when you press
2(CALC) in the STAT mode List Editor. The following explains each function and where
you need to go to find out more for them.
Key
Description
Go here for more details:
Press to perform single-variable statistical
calculations.
“Single-Variable Statistical
Calculations” (page 6-4-2)
1(1VAR)
Press to perform paired-variable statistical
calculations.
“Paired-Variable Statistical
Calculations” (page 6-4-2)
2(2VAR)
“Regression Calculation”
(page 6-4-3)
3(REG)
Press to perform regression calculations.
Displays a screen for specifying data to be
used for the statistical calculations performed
by pressing 1(1VAR), 2(2VAR), and
3(REG).
“Configuring Statistical
Calculation Data Settings”
(page 9-7-2)
6(SET)
The functions of function menu keys 1 through 3 are basically the same as the STAT
mode function menu. The settings you can configure with 6(SET) are different from those
in the STAT mode.
20070201
9-7-2
Using the CALC Function
k Configuring Statistical Calculation Data Settings
•
To execute a statistical calculation in the S SHT mode, you need to input the data on the
spreadsheet and define the range of cells where the data is located as statistical calculation
cells. To define statistical calculation cells, press 6(SET) on the CALC submenu and
settings screen shown below.
The following explains the each of the items on this screen.
u 1Var XCell (x-variable cell range for single-variable statistical calculations)
• {Cell} … {specifies the cell range of x-variable values for single-variable statistical
calculations}
u 1Var Freq (value frequency)
• {1} … {specifies 1 as the frequency of the values in the cell range specified 1Var XCell}
• {Cell} … {range of cells that specify the frequency for each cell specified by 1Var XCell}
u 2Var XCell (x-variable cell range for paired-variable statistical calculations)
• {Cell} … {specifies the cell range of x-variable values for paired-variable statistical
calculations}
u 2VarYCell (y-variable cell range for paired-variable statistical calculations)
• {Cell} … {specifies the cell range of y-variable values for paired-variable statistical
calculations}
u 2Var Freq (value frequency)
• {1} … {specifies 1 as the frequency of the values in the cell range specified 2Var XCell
and 2Var YCell}
• {Cell} … {range of cells that specify the frequency for each cell specified by 2Var XCell
and 2Var YCell}
20070201
9-7-3
Using the CALC Function
k Executing a Statistical Calculation
The following shows an actual example of how to perform a statistical calculation in the
•
S SHT mode.
u To execute a statistical calculation
Example
To input the data shown below into a spreadsheet, and then to perform
paired-variable statistical calculations and regression calculations
Height Shoe Size Frequency
A
B
C
D
E
155
165
180
185
170
23
25.5
27
1
2
2
1
3
28
25
1. Input the statistical data into a spreadsheet.
• Here, we will input data in the A1:B5 range, and the frequency values in the C1:C5
range.
2. Select the range of cells where you input the data (A1:B5).
3. Press 6(g)2(CALC) to display the CALC submenu.
4. Press 6(SET) to display the statistical calculation settings screen.
• The first column of cells you selected in step 2 will be displayed for 1Var XCell, while
the second column will be displayed for 2Var YCell.
• You can change the cell ranges manually using the same procedures as those for the
graphing cell range settings. See “To change the XCellRange and YCellRange settings
manually” (page 9-6-5) for more information.
5. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to 2Var Freq.
6. Press 2(CELL).
• This enables cell range input for the Frequency setting. The function menu will change
to the colon (:).
7. Input the range of cells for the frequency values (C1:C5).
• To input the colon (:), press 1(:).
8. After the settings are the way you want, press w.
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Using the CALC Function
9. Press J2(2VAR).
• This will display the paired-variable statistical
calculation result list.You can use the up and down
cursor keys to scroll the result screen.
• For information about the meaning of each of the values on the result screen, see
“Displaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Paired-Variable Graph” on page
6-3-11.
10. Press J3(REG)1(X).
• This will display the linear regression coefficients
for the original data.
• For information about the meaning of each of the coefficient values on this screen,
see “Linear Regression Graph” on page 6-3-6.
11. Press J to return to the spreadsheet screen.
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•
Using Memory in the S SHT Mode
•
9-8 Using Memory in the S SHT Mode
This section explains how to save spreadsheet data to memory, and how to import memory
data into a spreadsheet.
k Saving Spreadsheet Data
You can assign spreadsheet data to a variable, or save it to List Memory, File Memory, or Mat
Memory.
k Assigning Spreadsheet Data to a Variable
You can use the following procedure to assign the contents of a single cell to a variable (A to
Z, r, or θ ).
u To assign the contents of a cell to a variable
1. Move the cell cursor to the cell whose data you want to assign to a variable.
2. Press 6(g)3(STO)1(VAR).
• The “Cell” setting will show the name of the cell you
selected in step 1.
3. Press c to move the highlighting to “Var Name”.
4. Input the variable name (A to Z, r, or θ ), and then press w.
5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to assign the data to the variable.
• If the variable you select already has data assigned to it, the new data will replace the
existing data.
# With all types of memory, saving a cell that
includes a formula will save the calculation
result.
# If the cell you select is empty, contains text,
or has ERROR displayed for it, an error will
occur when you perform step 5 of the above
procedure.
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•
Using Memory in the S SHT Mode
k Saving Spreadsheet Data to List Memory
You can use the following procedure to select a series of cells in a particular column or row
and save their data to List Memory (List 1 through List 26).
u To save the contents of a range of cells to List Memory
1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in List Memory.
• You can select a series of cells in a column or a series of cells in a line. Selecting any
other configuration of cells will cause an error.
2. Press 6(g)3(STO)2(LIST).
• The “Cell Range”setting will show the range of cells
you selected in step 1.
3. Press c to move the highlighting to “List [1~26]”.
4. Enter a list number in the range of 1 to 26, and then press w.
5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the List Memory.
• If the List Memory you select already has data assigned to it, the new data will replace
the existing data.
k Saving Spreadsheet Data to File Memory
You can use the following procedure to select a range of cells and save their data to File
Memory (File 1 through File 6). Data is saved sequentially from left to right, line by line, and
each column is saved as a File Memory list (List 1 through List 26).
The following shows how spreadsheet data in the range of A1:C3 is saved to File 6.
File6
List1
List2
List3
⇒
1
4
7
2
5
8
3
6
9
Spreadsheet
File Memory
# The value in any cell that is empty, contains
text, or has ERROR displayed is changed
to 0 when you perform step 5 of the above
procedure.
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•
Using Memory in the S SHT Mode
u To save the contents of a range of cells to File Memory
1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in File Memory.
2. Press 6(g)3(STO)3(FILE).
• The “Cell Range”setting will show the range of cells
you selected in step 1.
3. Press c to move the highlighting to “File [1~6]”.
4. Enter a file number in the range of 1 to 6, and then press w.
5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the File Memory.
• If the File Memory you select already has data assigned to it, the new data will replace
the existing data.
k Saving Spreadsheet Data to Mat Memory
You can use the following procedure to save the contents of a range of cells to Mat Memory
(A to Z).
u To save the contents of a range of cells to Mat Memory
1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in Mat Memory.
2. Press 6(g)3(STO)4(MAT).
• The “Cell Range”setting will show the range of cells
you selected in step 1.
3. Press c to move the highlighting to “Mat Name”.
4. Input the Mat Memory name (A to Z) where you want to save the data.
5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the Mat Memory.
• If the Mat Memory you select already has data assigned to it, the new data will
replace the existing data.
# The value in any cell that is empty, contains
text, or has ERROR displayed is changed
to 0 when you perform step 5 of the above
procedure.
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Using Memory in the S SHT Mode
•
k Recalling Data from Memory
The procedures in this section explain how to recall data from List Memory, File Memory, and
Mat Memory, and input it into a spreadsheet starting from a specific cell. It also explains how
to use variables in spreadsheet constants and formulas.
Note
When recalling List Memory, File Memory, or Mat Memory data, an error will occur if the
recalled data runs outside the allowable range of the spreadsheet (A1:Z999).
Recalling a 2-line by 4-column matrix from Mat Memory starting from spreadsheet cell X2,
for example, will cause the matrix to run outside the range of the spreadsheet as shown
below, which will cause an error.
The above also applies when pasting data into a spreadsheet.
Area required by the matrix
(shaded) runs off the
spreadsheet, so an error
occurs.
k Recalling Data from List Memory
Use the procedure in this section to select a List Memory (List 1 through List 26) and input
it into a spreadsheet. The data is input into the spreadsheet either line-wise or column-wise,
depending on the current “Move” setting on the Setup screen.
Note
The initial default “Move” setting is line-wise (top to bottom) data input. If you want to perform
column-wise (left to right) input, change the “Move” setting. For details, see “1-8 Using the
Setup Screen”.
u To recall data from a List Memory to a spreadsheet
1. On the spreadsheet, select the first cell of the range where you want the recalled data
to be input.
2. Press 6(g)4(RCL)1(LIST) to display a data recall screen like the one shown
below.
• The “1st Cell” setting will show the name of the cell
you selected in step 1.
3. Input the List number (1 to 26) of the List Memory whose data you want to recall, and
then press w.
4. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to recall the data.
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•
Using Memory in the S SHT Mode
u To recall data from a File Memory to a spreadsheet
1. On the spreadsheet, select the upper left cell of the range where you want the recalled
data to be input.
2. Press 6(g)4(RCL)2(FILE) to display a data recall screen like the one shown
below.
• The “1st Cell” setting will show the name of the cell
you selected in step 1.
3. Input the File number (1 to 6) of the File Memory whose data you want to recall, and
then press w.
4. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to recall the data.
u To recall data from a Mat Memory to a spreadsheet
1. On the spreadsheet, select the upper left cell of the range where you want the recalled
data to be input.
2. Press 6(g)4(RCL)3(MAT) to display a data recall screen like the one shown
below.
• The “1st Cell” setting will show the name of the cell
you selected in step 1.
3. Input the name (A to Z) of the Mat Memory whose data you want to recall, and then
press w.
4. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to recall the data.
u To use a variable in a spreadsheet
You can include variable names (A to Z) in constants or formulas you input into
spreadsheet cells. When you do, the value currently assigned to the applicable variable to
be recalled.
If 1 is assigned to variable A and 2 is assigned to variable B, for example, inputting =A+B
into cell A1 will cause 3 to be displayed for cell A1.
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Chapter
eActivity
An eActivity is both a documentation tool and a student notebook.
As a documentation tool, a teacher can create electronic examples
and practice problems with accompanying text, mathematical
expressions, graphs, and tables.
eActivities also provide the student the means to explore problems,
document their learning and problem solving by entering notes,
and share their learning by saving their work to a file.
You also can create eActivity “guides” that explain the calculator
operations that need to be performed in order to achieve the
desired results. Executing a guide makes it easy to learn graphing
calculator operations.
10
10-1 eActivity Overview
10-2 Working with eActivity Files
10-3 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
10-4 Using Matrix Editor and List Editor
10-5 eActivity File Memory Usage Screen
10-6 eActivity Guide
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eActivity Overview
10-1 eActivity Overview
eActivity lets you input and edit text, mathematical expressions, and application data, and
save your input in a file called an “eActivity”.
k Using the e • ACT Mode
On the Main Menu, select the e • ACT icon.
• This displays a file list screen like the ones shown below.
When there are no files stored
When there are files stored in
in the e • ACT mode
the e • ACT mode
k File List Function Menu
The following describes the functions of the file list function menu.
• {OPEN} ... {opens the eActivity file or folder that is currently selected on the file list}
• {NEW} ... {creates a new eActivity file}
• {DEL} ... {deletes the eActivity file that is currently selected on the file list}
• {SRC} ... {starts a file search operation}
# When there are no eActivity files, only the
2(NEW) function key is displayed.
# 128 Kbytes or more of free storage memory
is required to enter the e • ACT mode the first
time. A Memory ERROR will occur if there is not
enough free memory available.
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eActivity Overview
k Workspace Screen Function Menu
Opening an eActivity file displays a workspace screen that shows the current contents of the
eActivity.
The sample below shows the parts that make up the eActivity workspace. Note that not all
of the eActivity can be displayed in a single screen. The heavy line in the example shows
what is currently on the display, while the lighter line shows the part of the eActivity that is
not displayed.You can view all of the parts of the eActivity by scrolling the screen contents
upwards and downwards.
You can use the workspace screen in insert text, formulas, application data strips, and other
data into an eActivity.
Text lines
Strip
Math lines
Stop line
Strip with guide *1
The content of the workspace function menu depends on the line (or strip) that is currently
selected.
1
*
indicates a strip with guide.
For more information about guides, see “10-6
eActivity Guide”.
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eActivity Overview
k Text Line Function Menu
• {FILE} … {displays the FILE submenu}
• {SAVE} … {saves the file you are editing, overwriting the previous (unedited) version}
• {SV • AS} … {saves the file you are editing under a new name (Save As)}
• {OPT} … {performs Storage Memory garbage collection}
For more information, see “Optimizing the Storage Memory” (page 12-7-16).
• {CAPA} … {displays the size of the currently open eActivity file and how much memory
is available for use by the current file}
• {STRP} … {inserts a strip}
• {TEXT} … {changes the current line from a text line to a math line}
• {CHAR} … {displays a screen for selecting various mathematical symbols, special
symbols, and accented characters}
• {A↔ a} … {toggles between upper-case and lower-case input}
This function is available only during alpha input (page 1-1-3)
• {JUMP} … {displays the JUMP submenu}
• {TOP} … {moves the cursor to the top of the file}
• {BTM} … {moves the cursor to the bottom of the file}
• {DEL • L} … {deletes the line that is currently selected or where the cursor is located}
• {INS} … {displays an insert submenu for inserting a new line above the line that is
currently selected or where the cursor is located}
• {TEXT} … {inserts a text line}
• {CALC} … {inserts a math line}
• {STOP} … {inserts a stop line}
• {MATH} … {displays a MATH menu for natural input of matrices and mathematical
functions}
For more information, see “Using the MATH Menu” (page 1-3-12).
• {'MAT} … {displays the Matrix Editor (page 2-8-2)}
• {'LIST} … {displays the List Editor (page 6-1-1)}
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eActivity Overview
k Math Line and Stop Line Function Menu
• {FILE} … Same as {FILE} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
• {STRP} … Same as {STRP} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
• {CALC} … {changes the current line from a math line to a text line}
• {MATH} … {displays a MATH menu for natural input of matrices and mathematical
functions}
For more information, see “Using the MATH Menu” (page 1-3-12).
• {INS} … Same as {INS} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
• {JUMP} … Same as {JUMP} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
• {DEL • L} … {deletes the line that is currently selected or where the cursor is located}
Note that deleting a math line deletes both the input expression and the
result.
• {'MAT} … {displays the Matrix Editor (page 2-8-2)}
• {'LIST} … {displays the List Editor (page 6-1-1)}
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eActivity Overview
k Strip Function Menu
• {FILE} … Same as {FILE} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3) except for
{SIZE}.
• {SIZE} … {displays the size of the strip that is currently selected or where the cursor is
currently located}
• {STRP} … Same as {STRP} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
• {INS} … {inserts a new line above the currently selected strip}
• {TEXT} … {inserts a text line}
• {CALC} … {inserts a math line}
• {STOP} … {inserts a stop line}
• {CHAR} … Same as {CHAR} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
• {A↔ a} … Same as {A↔ a} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
• {JUMP} … Same as {JUMP} under “Text Line Function Menu” (page 10-1-3).
• {DEL • L} … {deletes the strip that is currently selected or where the cursor is located}
• {'MAT} … {displays the Matrix Editor (page 2-8-2)}
• {'LIST} … {displays the List Editor (page 6-1-1)}
• {GUIDE} … {creates a guide for a strip (page 10-6-1)}
k Basic eActivity File Operations
This section provides an overview of the following eActivity operations.
• Creating a new eActivity file
• Inputting text, numeric expressions, strips, and other data
• Accessing applications from a strip and using the application’s screen
• Saving an eActivity file
This overview is explained using the following example problem:
• Solve 2x2 + x – 3 = 0 (extract the roots of y = 2x2 + x – 3).
• Graph y = 2x2 + x – 3 and confirm the above solution.
• Use G-SLV to extract the roots on the graph screen.
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eActivity Overview
1. From the main menu, enter the e • ACT mode.
2. Create a new eActivity file.
1. Press 2(NEW).
2. On the dialog box that appears, enter up to eight characters for the eActivity file name,
and then press w.
• This will display a blank workspace screen with a text line cursor (for text line input).
Text line cursor
3. Use the text line to input to type in comments, information about the eActivity
problem, etc.
1. Here we will input the text shown below.
2. After inputting all of the text you want, press w.
• This will cause the cursor to move from the end of the text to the beginning of the next
line.
4. Use math lines to enter the expression (2x 2 + x – 3 = 0) and solve it.
For this example, we will use the Solve function, configuring it with the following settings.
Initial Estimated Value: 0
Lower Limit: 0
Upper Limit: 10
For details about using the Solve function, see page 8-6-9.
1. First, press 3(TEXT) to change to a math line.
Math line cursor
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eActivity Overview
2. Specify the Solve calculation, and then enter the function.
AK4(CALC)1(Solve)
cvx+v-d,
3. Input the initial estimate value, the lower limit, and the upper limit.
a,a,ba)
4. Press w to solve for x.
• This will display the solution (x = 1) and move the
cursor to the beginning of the next line.
5. Press J twice to close the option (OPTN) menu.
5. Now to draw a graph, insert a Graph strip into the eActivity.
1. Press 2(STRP).
• This will display a dialog box with a list of
insertable strips.
2. On the list, select “Graph”, and then press w.
• This will insert a Graph strip, ready for you to input
a title.
3. Type a title for the list (“Graph draw” for this
example), and then press w.
• This will register the title and highlight the strip.
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eActivity Overview
6. Graph the expression using the Graph strip.
1. While the “Graph draw” Graph strip you created in step 5 is selected, press w.
• This will display a graph screen.
2. Press !6(G↔ T) to display the Graph Editor screen.
3. In line Y1, input the function (y = 2x2 + x – 3) you want to graph.
4. Press 6(DRAW) to graph the function.
• This will display a graph screen. Since the graph intersects the x-axis at –1.5 and 1,
we can conclude that the solution (x = 1) obtained in step 4 is valid. The –1.5 value
was not included as a solution because we specified a lower limit of 0.
• The graph drawn here is stored in the strip we created in step 5.
5. To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press !a(').
7. Use G-SLV to extract the roots on the graph screen.
1. Select the Graph strip we created in step 5, and then press w.
• This will display the graph screen and draw the graph we drew in step 6.
2. Use G-SLV to extract the roots of y = 2x2 + x – 3.
!5(G-SLV) 1(ROOT) ....(Extracts first root.)
e ..........................................(Extracts next root.)
• For details about using G-SLV, see page 5-11-9.
3. To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press !a(').
8. Save the eActivity file.
• Press 1(FILE)1(SAVE) to save the file. This will save the file you are editing by
replacing the currently stored version (if any).
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Working with eActivity Files
10-2 Working with eActivity Files
This section explains the different file operations you can perform from the eActivity file list
screen.
k eActivity File Operations
u To create a new file
1. If you want to create the file in a specific folder, use f and c to highlight the folder
you want, and then press 1(OPEN) or w.
• If the eActivity workspace screen is displayed, press the J key to display the file list.
Folder name
• You do not need to open a folder if you want to create the new file in the Storage
Memory root directory.
• For information about creating a new folder, see “Creating a Folder in Storage
Memory” (page 12-7-5).
2. Press 2(NEW).
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a file name.
3. Enter up to eight characters for the eActivity file
name, and then press w.
• This displays a blank workspace screen.
Cursor
• The following are the characters you can use in a file name:
A through Z, {, }, ’, ~, 0 through 9
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Working with eActivity Files
u To open a file
1. If the file you want to open is in a folder, use f and c to highlight the folder, and
then press 1(OPEN) or w.
2. Use f and c to highlight the file you want to open, and then press 1(OPEN) or
w*1.
• This will open the file.
u To delete a file
1. If the file you want to delete is in a folder, use f and c to highlight the folder, and
then press 1(OPEN) or w.
2. Use f and c to highlight the file you want
to delete, and then press 3(DEL).
3. In response to the confirmation message that appears, press 1(Yes) to delete the file,
or 6(No) to cancel the delete operation without doing anything.
u To search for a file
1. While the file list screen is displayed, press 4(SRC).
• This displays a file search dialog box.
2. Enter part or all of the name of the file you want to find.
• Note that file name characters are searched from left to right. This means that if you
enter “IT” here, names such as ITXX, ITABC, and IT123 will be hits, but names like
XXIT and ABITC will not be hits.
3. Press w.
• If a file name that corresponds to the text
you input in step 2 is found, the name will
appear highlighted on the file list.
• The message “Not Found” will appear if a match cannot be found. Press the J key
to close the message dialog box.
*1If a memory error occurs in step 2, delete
capture memory contents and clipboard data,
or try moving the data to your computer’s hard
disk.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
10-3 Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
The following shows the type of eActivity file data you can input and edit.
Text lines
Strip
Math lines
Stop line
Text line
A text line can be used to input characters, numbers, and expressions as non-executable
text.
Math lines
Math lines let you perform calculations in an eActivity. When you input a mathematical
expression, the result appears, right justified, in the next line.You can perform the same
•
operations as the ones you use in the RUN MAT mode while “Math” is selected as the Input
Mode.
Stop line
A stop line can be used to stop calculation at a particular point.
Strip
A strip can be used to embed data from Graph, Conics Graph, Spreadsheet, and other
applications into an eActivity. There is also a Notes strip, which can be used to insert data
from Notes, which is the eActivity text editor.
An operational guide also can be created for a strip.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
k Navigating around the eActivity Workspace Screen
u To scroll the eActivity workspace screen vertically
The workspace screen can be scrolled line-by-line.
• Pressing f while the cursor is in the top line of the workspace screen will scroll one
line upwards. Pressing c while the cursor is in the bottom line will scroll one line
downwards.
u To jump to the top or the bottom of the eActivity workspace screen
• To jump to the top of the screen, press 6(g)1(JUMP)1(TOP).
• To jump to the bottom of the screen, press 6(g)1(JUMP)2(BTM).
k Using a Text Line
A text line can be used to input characters, numbers, and expressions as non-executable
text.
u To input into a text line
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, change the line where the cursor is currently
located into a text line, or insert a new text line.
• “To change the current line into a text line” (page 10-3-3)
• “To insert a text line” (page 10-3-3)
2. Input the text or expression you want into the text line.
• “Inputting and Editing Text Line Contents” (page 10-3-4)
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10-3-3
Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u To change the current line into a text line
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, check the menu of the 3 function key.
• If the 3 key menu is “TEXT”, it means that the current line is already a text line. In
this case, you can input text in the line without performing step 2, below.
• If the 3 key menu is “CALC”, it means that the current line is a math line. Perform
step 2, below, to change it to a text line.
2. Press 3(CALC) to change the math line to a text line.
Text line cursor
3 key menu becomes “TEXT”.
• You cannot use the above procedure to change to a text line while a strip is selected. In this
case, you need to perform the procedure under “To insert a text line” or move the cursor to
a line that is not a strip.
u To insert a text line
To insert a text line while the cursor is
Perform this key operation:
located here:
In a text line
In a math line
In a strip
6(g)3(INS)1(TEXT)
5(INS)1(TEXT)
3(INS)1(TEXT)
The text line is inserted above the line or the strip where the cursor is currently located.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u Inputting and Editing Text Line Contents
• You can input up to 255 bytes of text into a text line. Text in the text line wraps
automatically to fit inside the display area (Word Wrap Function). Note, however, that
numeric expressions and commands do not wrap.*1 A word running off the side of the
display is indicated by an arrow indicator (]').You can use the left and right cursor keys
to scroll the screen to view what is not visible. In this case, you can use the left and right
cursor keys to scroll the text.
• The 5(A↔ a) function key toggles between upper-case and lower-case input. This
function is available only during alpha input (page 1-1-3). The text line cursor is “ ” while
upper-case input is selected, and “ ” during lower-case input.
• You can input a carriage return into a text line by pressing w. Note that there is no
return display symbol.
• If the text is wrapped into multiple lines, pressing the A key will delete the line where
the cursor is currently located only. The part of the text that is wrapped to other lines will
not be deleted.
k Using Math Lines
A math line lets you input a calculation into an eActivity file, and then perform the same
•
calculations you use in the RUN MAT mode while “Math” is selected as the Input Mode.
Math lines always have two parts: an input expression and a result.
•
eActivity calculations are different from RUN MAT mode calculations as described below.
• When you input a mathematical expression into an eActivity, the Input Mode (page
1-3-10) always changes to “Math”, regardless of the calculator’s current input mode
setting.
Note that the word wrap function does not apply in the case of math lines. Arrow
indicators (]') will appear on the left and right sides of the math line to let you know
some of the calculation does not fit within the math line display area. In this case, you can
use the left and right cursor keys to scroll the calculation.
• You can input stop lines in an eActivity.
*1Also, any word that includes the symbol “'”,
“{” or “10”, which are input using the menu
that appears when you press 4(CHAR),
does not wrap.
# Pressing 6(g)4(MATH) displays the MATH
submenu.You can use this menu for natural
input of matrices, differentials, integrals, etc. For
details about input using the MATH menu, see
“Using the MATH Menu” (page 1-3-12).
# When you input a mathematical expression
into a text line, the Input Mode (page 1-3-10)
always changes to “Math”, regardless of the
calculator’s current input mode setting.
# Any mathematical expression you input into a
text line is non-executable.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u To input a calculation formula into an eActivity
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, change the line where the cursor is currently
located into a math line, or insert a new math line.
• “To change the current line into a math line” below
• “To insert a math line” (page 10-3-6)
2. Input the expression.
Example: s$!E(π )cg
• “Inputting and Editing Math Line Contents”
(page 10-3-6)
Math line cursor
3. To obtain the result of the calculation and display it,
press w.
u To change the current line into a math line
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, check the menu of the 3 function key.
• If the 3 key menu is “CALC”, it means that the current line is already a math line. In
this case, you can input an expression in the line without performing step 2, below.
• If the 3 key menu is “TEXT”, it means that the current line is a text line. Perform step
2, below, to change it to a math line.
2. Press 3(TEXT) to change the text line to a math line.
Math line cursor
This will cause the 3 key menu to
change to “CALC”.
# You cannot use the above procedure to
change to a math line while a strip is selected.
In this case, you need to perform the
procedure under “To insert a math line” or move the
cursor to a line that is not a strip.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u To insert a math line
To insert a math line while the cursor is
located here:
Perform this key operation:
In a math line
In a text line
In a strip
5(INS)2(CALC)
6(g)3(INS)2(CALC)
3(INS)2(CALC)
The math line is inserted above the line or the strip where the cursor is currently located.
u Inputting and Editing Math Line Contents
Math line content input and editing can be performed using the same procedures you use in
•
the RUN MAT mode while “Math” is selected as the Input Mode (on the Setup screen).
k Using Stop Lines
Any time you change the expression in any math line of an eActivity that contains more than
one math line, pressing w will cause all of the math lines to be recalculated.
Recalculation can take some time if there is a large number of math lines or if the math lines
include complex calculations.
To avoid having to wait for all the expressions to be recalculated each time you make a
change, you can insert a stop line below the math line(s) you are editing. Then when you
press w the calculator will re-calculate the math lines up to the stop line and then stop
automatically.
u To insert a stop line
To insert a stop line while the cursor is
Perform this key operation:
located here:
In a math line
In a text line
In a strip
5(INS)3(STOP)
6(g)3(INS)3(STOP)
3(INS)3(STOP)
The stop line is inserted above the line or the strip where the cursor is currently located.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u Stop Line Example
The following screen shows how you can use stop lines to group calculation steps.
A
B
π
A: Substituting a value ( here) for θ in the expression in line 1 executes (sinθ )2 + (cosθ )2
6
in line 3, and displays the result in line 4 (1). In this example, substituting any value in line
1 and pressing w will produce a result of 1.
If we wanted to test various values for θ without recalculating all of the math lines
underneath it, we could insert a stop line at the location shown above. Then, each time
we change the value of θ and press w, the calculator will re-calculate (sinθ )2 + (cosθ )2
and then stop.
B: These math lines are not required to test various values for θ .
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
k Inserting a Strip
A strip can be used to embed data from Graph, Conics Graph, Spreadsheet, and other
applications into an eActivity. Note that only one application screen (either the Graph screen
or Graph Editor screen in the case of GRAPH mode data, for example) can be used in each
strip.
A strip consists of a title field on the left, and a screen name field on the right.
Title Field
Screen Name Field
You can input a strip title
up to 16 characters long.
This is the name of the screen
that the strip contains.
Using the f and c keys to move the highlighting to a strip and then pressing w will
display the applicable application screen.
The data used to perform operations on an application screen called up from a strip
(functions used for graphing, etc.) is stored in the strip’s data memory. Because of this, any
data stored in the strip is available whenever you call up the application from there or even if
you switch the strip to another application.
# Though the applicable application screen fills
the display when you call up an application
from a strip, eActivity continues running in the
background. It is important to keep in mind
that any operation you perform within the
application is an eActivity operation.
# Separate data is stored in each strip’s data
memory, so if you create multiple strips that are
associated with the same application screen,
the application screen for each strip will produce
its own unique results.
# Any data you input on an application screen
called up from a data strip is stored in the data
strip’s data memory, not in an application data
file.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u To insert a strip
1. Move the cursor to the location where you want to
insert the strip.
2. Press 2(STRP).
• This will display a dialog box with a list of insertable
strips.
3. Use f and c to highlight the name of the strip for the type of data you want to
embed.
When you want to embed this type of data:
Select this type of strip:
Run (Math)*1
•
RUN MAT mode calculation screen
GRAPH mode Graph screen
Graph
GRAPH mode Graph Editor screen
(Graph relation list)
Graph Editor
Table Editor
TABLE mode Table Editor screen
(Table relation list)
CONICS mode Conics Graph screen
CONICS mode Conics Editor screen
STAT mode Stat Graph screen
STAT mode List Editor screen
EQUA mode Solver screen
Conics Graph
Conics Editor
Stat Graph
List Editor
Solver
RECUR mode Recur Editor screen
Notes screen*2
Recur Editor
Notes
•
RUN MAT mode Matrix Editor screen
Matrix Editor
Simul Equation
Poly Equation
EQUA mode Simul Equation screen
EQUA mode Poly Equation screen
*1Run starts up in the Math input mode.
*2Notes is an application that can be called up
from eActivity only. See “Using Notes” (page
10-3-18) for more information.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
When you want to embed this type of data:
Select this type of strip:
Dynamic Graph
Financial
DYNA mode Dynamic Graph screen
TVM mode Financial screen
•
S SHT mode Spreadsheet screen
SpreadSheet
4. Press w.
• The strip is inserted above the line or the strip
where the cursor is currently located.
5. Press d or e to display the text input cursor,
and then enter up to 16 characters for the strip title.
• The text cursor will also appear if you start to input
text without pressing d or e first.
6. Press w to assign the title to the strip.
# Pressing the w key while a strip is
highlighted (selected) as shown in steps
4 and 6 above will display the applicable
application screen. For details, see “To call up
an application from a strip” (page 10-3-12).
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u To change the title of a strip
1. Use f and c to highlight the strip whose title
you want to change.
2. Input the new title.
• Press d or e to display the text input cursor, and then edit the current title.
• If you press a character key without pressing the
d or e key first, the current title will be cleared
and the character will be input.
3. After making sure the title is the way you want, press w.
• Pressing J will cancel title input without changing the current title.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u To call up an application from a strip
1. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the
highlighting to the strip whose associated
application you want to call up.
2. Press w.
• The application screen will be blank the first time
you call it up after inserting a strip.
3. Input data, graph, and perform any other operations you want on the application
screen.
• Operations you can perform on an application screen that you call up from an
eActivity strip are the same as those you can normally perform while the application is
running. For details about using each application, see the section of this User’s Guide
that explains that application’s mode.
• Also see “Practical Strip Examples” (page 10-3-13) for more information.
u To toggle between the eActivity workspace screen and the application
screen called up from a strip
Press !a(').
• This will toggle between the two screens, displaying one in the front and sending the other
to the back.
# If you select a Conics Graph strip and press
w without inputting any graph data, the
Conics Editor screen appears in place of the
Conics Graph screen.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u To switch from an application screen called up from a strip to another
application screen
Press !,(,).
• On the application list that appears, use f and c to
highlight the name of the screen to which you want to
switch, and then press w.
• Pressing !,(,) while the screen that appears
immediately after you enter a Graph strip is still
displayed will switch to the Graph Editor screen.
k Practical Strip Examples
This section provides real-life examples of how to insert strips into the eActivity workspace
screen, how to call up an application screen from a strip, and how to input data.
u Graph Strip Example
This example shows how to create a Graph strip to graph the function y = x2.
Things to remember...
• Though the graph screen is called up from the Graph strip, you need to switch to the Graph
Editor screen to input the function.
u To create a Graph strip
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, press 2(STRP), select “Graph” from the strip list
that appears, and then press w.
• This will insert a Graph strip.
2. Input the strip title, and then press w.
• Here we will input “Graph draw”.
# For an actual example about how to switch
applications, see “Table Editor Strip Example”
(page 10-3-15).
# Even after using !,(,) to switch a
strip to another application, you can still use
!a(') to toggle between the eActivity
workspace screen and the application screen.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
3. Press w to call up the graph screen.
• Since you have not input any data yet, the graph screen that appears will be blank.
4. Press !6(G↔ T) to display the Graph Editor screen.
• This will display the current Graph strip’s Graph relation list. Since this list is
independent of the GRAPH mode Graph relation list, it will be blank because this is a
new Graph strip.
5. Input the function you want to graph (Y1 = X2 in
this example).
6. Press 6(DRAW) to graph the function.
• This will display the graph screen with a graph of
the function you input on the Graph Editor screen.
7. To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press
!a(').
8. Press w again to call up the graph screen.
• This will re-graph the function you input in step 5.
# You can also paste a previously copied
function from the clipboard into a graph screen
called up from a Graph strip. Note, however,
that a graph produced by pasting the function
is not stored in the memory of the Graph strip. For
more information, see “Using Copy and Paste to
Draw a Graph” (page 10-3-16).
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u Table Editor Strip Example
In this example, we use a Table Editor strip to input the function y = x2, and reference “List 1”
of the List Editor for the x-variable range to generate a number table.
Things to remember...
• Use the Table Editor to input the function y = x2.
• Setup Table Editor (using the Setup screen) to reference “List 1” for the x-variable and
generate the numeric table.
• Call up the List Editor to input the data to be used as the range of the x-variable into List 1.
u To create a Table Editor strip
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, press 2(STRP), select “Table Editor” from the
strip list that appears, and then press w.
• This will insert a Table Editor strip.
2. Input the strip title, and then press w.
• Here we will input “Table create”.
3. Press w to call up the Table Editor screen.
• This will display a blank Table Editor screen.
4. Input the function you want to use to generate the
table (Y1 = X2 in this example).
5. Press !m(SET UP) to display the Setup screen.
• This will display the Table Editor Setup screen, with the “Variable” item highlighted.
6. Press 2(LIST). On the dialog box that appears, input “1” and then press w.
• Specify List 1 as the variable for generating the number table.
7. Press J to close the Setup screen.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
8. Call up the List Editor screen (page 6-1-1).
• Press !,(,) to display the application list, select List Editor, and then press
w.
9. Input the values into List 1.
10. Return to the Table Editor screen.
• Press !,(,) to display the application list, select Table Editor, and then press
w.
11. When the Table Editor screen appears, press w.
• This generates the number table for the function
y = x2 using the values in List 1 as the x-variable
range.
12. To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press !a(').
k Using Copy and Paste to Draw a Graph
You can paste a previously copied function from the clipboard into a graph screen called up
from a Graph strip. If you do, however, the pasted data will not be reflected in the function
stored in the memory of the Graph strip. Use copy and paste when you need a quick,
temporary look at the graph produced by a function.
# After returning to the eActivity workspace
screen in step 12, you can press w to display
the Table Editor screen, which will contain
the function you input. Pressing w while the
Table Editor screen is on the display will return
to the number table in step 11.
# As you can see in this example all data and
settings related to the application screen called
up from a strip are stored in strip memory.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
u To use copy and paste to draw a graph
1. Perform steps 1 through 7 under “To create a
Graph strip” (page 10-3-13) to create a Graph strip
with the title “Graph draw”.
• After completing step 7, check to make sure
the Graph strip is highlighted on the eActivity
workspace screen. If it isn’t, use the f and c
cursor keys to move the highlighting to the Graph
strip.
2. Press 3(INS)1(TEXT) to input a text line.
3. Enter the following expression into the text line:Y = X2 – 1.
4. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the cursor to the expression you just input
(Y = X2 – 1), and copy it to the clipboard.
• See “To specify the copy range” (page 1-3-5) for details about how to copy text to the
clipboard.
5. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the
highlighting to the Graph strip, and then press w.
• This will graph the function currently stored in
“Graph draw ” strip memory.
6. Press !j(PASTE).
• This will graph the function that is on the
clipboard (Y = X2 – 1).
7. To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press !a(').
8. Press w again to call up the graph screen.
• This will re-graph the function currently stored in “Graph draw” strip memory.
# Though the above example uses an
expression that was copied from the eActivity
workspace screen, you can also copy an
expression from another application and then paste
it into eActivity.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
k Using Notes
Notes is a text editor that can be used only in eActivity.You can call up the Notes screen from
a Notes strip on the eActivity workspace screen.
You can perform the following operations on a Notes screen.
u Input and edit text
Text is input at the current cursor position on the Notes screen. Input, editing, cursor
movement, and vertical screen scrolling operations are all identical to those you can perform
in an eActivity text line. For details about these operations, see “Inputting and Editing Text
Line Contents” (page 10-3-4) and “To scroll the eActivity workspace screen vertically”
(page 10-3-2). Note, however, that function menu assignments for Notes are different from
those used for text lines. See “Notes Screen Function Menu” below for more information.
u Copy and paste text
Use !i(CLIP) to copy text and !j(PASTE) to paste it. For more information, see
“Using the Clipboard for Copy and Paste” (page 1-3-5).
u Notes Screen Function Menu
The following describes the function menu of the Notes screen.
• {JUMP} … {displays a JUMP menu that you can use to jump to the top (1(TOP)) or the
bottom (2(BTM)) of the data}
• {DEL • L} … {deletes the line where the cursor is located}
• {INS} … {inserts one new line above the line where the cursor is currently located}
• {MATH} … {displays a MATH menu for natural input of matrices and mathematical
functions}
For more information, see “Using the MATH Menu” (page 1-3-12).
• {CHAR} … {displays a screen for selecting various mathematical symbols, special
symbols, and accented characters}
• {A↔ a} … {toggles between upper-case and lower-case input}
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
k Deleting an eActivity Line or Strip
Use the following procedure to delete a line or strip from the eActivity workspace screen.
Remember that deleting a math line deletes both the expression line and the result line.
u To delete a line or strip
1. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the
highlighting to the strip you want to delete.
2. Press 6(g)2(DEL • L).
3. In response to the confirmation message that
appears, press 1(Yes) to delete the line or strip,
or 6(No) to cancel the delete operation without
doing anything.
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Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data
k Saving an eActivity File
After inputting or editing data on the eActivity workspace screen, you can save it to a file
under a new name (Save As) or you can replace the previously saved version of the file you
are working on (Save). In the case of Save As, both the previous version and the new version
of the file are saved.
u To replace the existing file with the new version
On the eActivity workspace screen, press 1(FILE)1(SAVE).
u To save a file under a new name (Save As)
1. Press 1(FILE)2(SV • AS).
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a file name.
2. Enter up to eight characters for the eActivity file name, and then press w.
# If a file already exists with the same file name
you input in step 2, a message will appear
asking if you want to replace the existing file
with the new one. Press 1(Yes) to replace
the existing file, or 6(No) to cancel the save
operation and return to the file name input
dialog box in step 1.
# If you press J to quit eActivity while there
are unsaved edits on the screen, a message
will appear asking you if you want to save first.
When this message appears, you can any one
of the following.
• Press 1(Yes) key to save your edits and
replace the previously saved version of the
file.
• Press 6(No) to exit without saving.
• Press A to return to the eActivity
workspace screen.
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Using Matrix Editor and List Editor
10-4 Using Matrix Editor and List Editor
In addition to the strip operation for calling up application screens within eActivity (page
10-3-12), you can also use the eActivity function menu to call up Matrix Editor and List Editor.
k Calling Up Matrix Editor
You can call up Matrix Editor to input a matrix into a math line on the eActivity workspace
screen.
Note
The data you create by calling up the Matrix Editor using the procedure below can be
used in the calculation line on the eActivity workspace screen only. It is different from and
independent of data you create by calling up the Matrix Editor from a strip or from the
•
RUN MAT mode.
u To call up Matrix Editor
Perform one of the following operations on the eActivity workspace screen.
To call up Matrix Editor while the cursor is
Perform this key operation:
located here:
In a text line
In a math line
In a strip
6(g)6(g)1('MAT)
6(g)3('MAT)
6(g)3('MAT)
u To return to the eActivity workspace screen from Matrix Editor
Press J.
u To use Matrix Editor
Matrix Editor operations are identical to those you perform when you call it up from the
•
RUN MAT mode. For more information, see “2-8 Matrix Calculations”.
u To perform matrix calculations using a matrix stored with Matrix Editor
•
Use the same procedures as those you use in the RUN MAT mode to use an existing
Matrix Editor matrix on the eActivity workspace screen. For details see “Inputting and Editing
Matrices” (page 2-8-2), “Matrix Cell Operations” (page 2-8-5), and “Modifying Matrices Using
Matrix Commands” (page 2-8-10).
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Using Matrix Editor and List Editor
k Calling Up List Editor
You can call up List Editor to input a list into a math line on the eActivity workspace screen.
Note
The data you create by calling up the List Editor using the procedure below can be used
in the calculation line on the eActivity workspace screen only. It is different from and
independent of data you create by calling up the List Editor from a strip or from the
•
RUN MAT mode.
u To call up List Editor
Perform one of the following operations on the eActivity workspace screen.
To call up List Editor while the cursor is
Perform this key operation:
located here:
In a text line
In a math line
In a strip
6(g)6(g)2('LIST)
6(g)4('LIST)
6(g)4('LIST)
u To return to the eActivity workspace screen from List Editor
Press J.
u To use List Editor
List Editor operations are identical to those you perform when you call it up from the STAT
mode.
See “3. List Function” and “Inputting Data into Lists” (page 6-1-1) for information about
inputting data to List Editor and performing List Editor calculations.
# The function menu arrangement when
you call up List Editor from the eActivity
workspace screen is slightly different from
the function menu arrangement when you
call it up from the STAT mode. The functions,
however, are identical.
Initial Function Menu
1(TOOL) Function Submenu
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eActivity File Memory Usage Screen
10-5 eActivity File Memory Usage Screen
The size of an eActivity file is limited.You can use the eActivity file memory usage screen to
check the current size and how much more memory is available for the eActivity file you are
working on.You can also display the size of the strip that is currently highlighted or where the
cursor is currently located.
u To display the eActivity memory usage screen
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, press
1(FILE)4(CAPA).
• This will display a screen like the one shown to
the right, which shows the current size of the
eActivity file (Total Data Size) and how much main
memory is available for storage of additional data
(Free Bytes).
2. To exit the memory usage screen, press J.
• The maximum allowable size for a single eActivity file is approximately 30,000 bytes. The
actual maximum size depends on capture memory and clipboard use. The actual maximum
file size may be less than 30,000 bytes may be less, depending on how capture memory and
the clipboard are used.
u To display the strip memory usage screen
1. Use f and c to move the highlighting to the strip whose memory usage you want to
view.
2. Press 1(FILE)5(SIZE).
• This will display the memory usage screen for the
currently selected strip.
3. To exit the memory usage screen, press J.
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eActivity Guide
10-6 eActivity Guide
eActivity Guide is a function that helps you navigate through scientific function calculation
operations.
You can perform calculator operations simply by following the instructions that appear on the
display.
• Using eActivity Guide to prepare lessons makes it possible for students to become familiar
with calculator operations without using the user’s guide.
• Students can learn operations in the classroom are their own pace.
Creating a Guide
Key operations are recorded in each eActivity strip.You can also add comments about key
operations.
Since a guide records only key operations that are contained within a strip, operations
performed after exiting the strip (to go to another strip, to go to another file) cannot be
recorded.
Running a Guide
Running a guide that you created will sequentially display key operations and comments.
The student can become familiar with calculator operations simply by performing input as
instructed.
Three Types of Operation Patterns
eActivity Guide has three operation pattern types as described below. A guide can be
created by combining these three patterns.
• 1-key Operation: A comment is attached to each key operation.
• n-key Operation: One comment is attached to a key operation sequence.
• AUTO Operation: A key operation sequence is performed automatically, with one comment
attached to the auto operation.
(Examples: Graph and box zoom; specification of an integration graph
range)
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eActivity Guide
k Creating a Guide
u To enter the guide creation mode
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, select a strip and then press 6(g) to display
page two of the function menu.
• In this example we will select a Graph Editor strip.
2. Press 5(GUIDE).
• This will enter the guide creation mode and
display the operation pattern selection screen.
• {nKEYS} ... {creates an n-key operation}
• {1-KEY} ... {creates a 1-key operation}
• {AUTO} ... {creates an AUTO operation}
• {END} ... {exits the guide creation mode}
• {PLAY} ... {plays back recorded key operations}
You should also select this option when you want to select a recorded key
operation and edit it. PLAY does not appear if there are no key operations
recorded.
# If you press 5(GUIDE) while a strip you
selected already contains data is selected, a
confirmation will appear asking whether you
want to delete the existing operation data.
1(Yes) ... Deletes the strip’s existing operation
data and starts guide creation from
an empty strip.
6(No) ... Cancels guide creation and returns
to the eActivity workspace screen.
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eActivity Guide
u To create an n-key operation
1. On the operation pattern selection screen, press 1(nKEYS).
• This will display the dialog box shown below.
Key indicator
• 1(OK) ... Starts key input recording.
• f ... Displays the key indicator in the upper right corner.
• c ... Displays the key indicator in the lower right corner.
2. Press 1(OK).
3. Input the key operation sequence.
• In this example, we will input a graphing key sequence.
-vx+bw
(Inputs the graph function.)
Indicates that recording is
in progress.
6(DRAW)
(Draws the graph.)
!5(G-SLV)6(g)3(∫dx)
(Selects the integration command.)
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eActivity Guide
4. After input is complete, press A.
• This will display a comment box.
5. Input any comment text you want about the key
operation sequence.
6. After inputting comment text, press w to register the n-key operation input.
• This will return to the operation pattern selection
screen.You can now edit the guide by pressing
5(PLAY) and selecting the key operation you
want to change.
See “Editing a Guide” (page 10-6-9) for details about editing guides.
# You can input up to two lines in the comment
box.
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eActivity Guide
u To create a 1-key operation
The following operation assumes that you are continuing from the procedure under “To
create an n-key operation” (page 10-6-3).
1. On the operation pattern selection screen, press
2(1-KEY).
2. Press a key.
• Here we will press w.
• This will display a comment box.
w
(Executes the integration command.)
3. Input any comment text you want about the key operation sequence.
4. After inputting comment text, press w to register the 1-key operation input.
• This will return to the operation pattern selection screen.You can now edit the guide
by pressing 5(PLAY) and selecting the key operation you want to change.
See “Editing a Guide” (page 10-6-9) for details about editing guides.
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eActivity Guide
u To create an AUTO operation
The following operation assumes that you are continuing from the procedure under “To
create a 1-key operation” (page 10-6-5).
1. On the operation pattern selection screen, press 3(AUTO).
• This will display the dialog box shown to the right.
• 1(OK) ... Starts key input recording.
• f ... Displays the key indicator in the upper right corner.
• c ... Displays the key indicator in the lower right corner.
2. Press 1(OK).
• 1 ... Executing the guide performs auto key input at low speed. Use this option for
operations that the teacher explains while they are being performed, and for
trace operations performed G-Solve analysis.
• 2 ... Executing the guide performs auto key input at medium speed. Use this option
for simple value input, expression input, and function menu operations.
• 3 ... Executing the guide performs auto key input at high speed. Use this option for
tracing or box zooming a graph.
• 4 ... Executing the guide performs auto key input at ultra-high speed. Use this option
when creating list or matrix data. This speed is too fast for the eye to follow.
3. Press 1, 2, 3, or 4.
4. Input the key operation sequence.
• Here we will input the following key sequence.
eee…e (15 times)
w
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eActivity Guide
5. After input is complete, press A.
• This will display a comment box.
6. Input any comment text you want about the key operation sequence.
7. After inputting comment text, press w to register the AUTO operation input.
• This will return to the operation pattern selection screen.You can now edit the guide
by pressing 5(PLAY) and selecting the key operation you want to change.
u To change the position of the comment box
While inputting comment text, you can use the function keys to change the display position
of the comment box. This capability comes in handy when an important part of the screen
becomes blocked by the comment box.
• {BTM} ... {displays the comment box at the bottom of the screen}
• {TOP} ... {displays the comment box at the top of the screen}
• {HIDE} ... {hides the comment box}
1(BTM)
2(TOP)
3(HIDE)
# Up to 999 key operations can be recorded per
strip.
# \ key and ] key operations are not
recorded. The \ and ] keys are
disabled while creating a guide. (Models with
\ and ] keys only.)
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10-6-8
eActivity Guide
u To exit the guide creation mode
1. While creating a guide, press 4(END).
• This will display the dialog box shown to the right.
• 1(Yes) ... Turns on the exit strip setting. When using the guide as a demo, the strip
is exited and the eActivity workspace screen returns to the display after
the guide is complete.
• 6(No) ... Turns off the exit strip setting. The strip is not exited when the guide is
complete. Select this option when you want students to continue operation
using the strip after the guide is complete.
2. Press 1(Yes) or 6(No).
• Exits the guide creation operation and returns to the eActivity workspace screen.
# An ongoing guide creation operation can be
cancelled by pressing !a('). The exit
strip dialog box will not appear when a guide
creation operation is cancelled.
# The amount of memory used by strips is
calculated when you press 1(Yes) or 6(No).
See “To display the strip memory usage screen”
(page 10-5-1) for more information.
# Guide creation also canceled if the m key
is pressed to change to another mode while
a guide creation operation is in progress. The
exit strip dialog box will not appear in this
case, either.
# You cannot exit a guide creation operation while
the application list (page 10-3-13) is on the
display. Select an application on the application
list or close the application list, and then exit
guide creation.
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10-6-9
eActivity Guide
k Editing a Guide
There are two methods that can be used to edit a guide.
• Editing of the guide you are currently creating
• Editing of the guide of an existing strip from the eActivity workspace screen
k Editing the GuideYou Are Creating
u To display the key editing screen
In this example, we show how to display the b key editing screen of a graph function
(Y1 = −X2 + 1) that is input at the end of the operation under “To create an n-key operation”
(page 10-6-3).
1. On the operation pattern selection screen, press
5(PLAY).
• {
• {
} ... {jumps to the first key}
} ... {jumps back n keys}
Pressing this key will display a dialog box for input of a value to specify how
many keys to jump.
• {
• {
• {
} ... {starts auto play from the current position}
A dialog box appears which can be used to specify the playback speed. To
stop auto play, press A.
} ... {jumps forward n keys}
Pressing this key will display a dialog box for input of a value to specify how
many keys to jump.
} ... {jumps to the last key and displays the guide creation screen}
2. Press 2(
).
• This will display the dialog box shown to the right.
20070201
10-6-10
eActivity Guide
3. Input a value to specify the number of keys you want to jump and then press w.
• Here we want to jump to the b key, so we will input hw.
This number indicates the number of the current
key operation from the beginning of the function.
In the case of an AUTO operation, the letter “A” is
appended to the beginning of this number (A005).
• {nKEYS} ... {inserts an n-key operation at the display position}
• {1-KEY} ... {inserts a 1-key operation at the display position}
• {EDIT} ... {starts editing of the key at the current position}
• {END} ... {exits the editing operation}
• {PLAY} ... {displays a dialog box for selecting the key to be edited}
• {NEXT} ... {displays the next key}
• Use f and c to change the key indicator display position.
f ... Displays the key indicator in the upper right corner.
c ... Displays the key indicator in the lower right corner.
4. Press 3(EDIT).
• This will display the b key editing screen.
• {INS} ... {inserts one key before the current key}
• {OVW} ... {overwrites the current key}
• {NOTE} ... {edits the current comment}
• {AUTO} ... {inserts an AUTO operation after the current key}
See “To create an AUTO operation” (page 10-6-6).
• {DEL} ... {deletes the current key}
•
• {DEL A} ... {deletes everything from the current key to the end}
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10-6-11
eActivity Guide
k Editing Example
In this example, we show how to edit the graph function (Y1 = −X2 + 1) that is input at the
end of the operation under “To create an n-key operation” (page 10-6-3).
u To change −X2 + 1 to −2X2 + 1 (by inserting a c key before the v key)
1. This will display the v key editing screen.
2. Press 1(INS).
3. Press c.
• This inputs a c key before the v key and
displays the guide creation screen from the v
key.
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10-6-12
eActivity Guide
u To change −2X2 + 1 to −2X2 + 2 (by overwriting the b key with the c key)
1. This will display the b key editing screen.
2. Press 2(OVW).
3. Press c.
• This will overwrite the b key with the c key
and display the guide creation screen from the
next key (w key).
u To edit an n-key operation comment
1. This will display the - key editing screen.
2. Press 3(NOTE).
3. Edit the comment and then press w.
• This will display the guide creation screen from
the - key.
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10-6-13
eActivity Guide
u To change −2X2 + 2 to 2X2 + 2 (by deleting the - key)
1. This will display the - key editing screen.
2. Press 5(DEL).
3. Press 1(Yes).
• This will delete the - key and display the guide
creation screen from the next key (c key).
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10-6-14
eActivity Guide
u To exit a editing operation
1. Press 4(END).
2. Press 1(Yes) or 6(No).
• Exits the editing operation and returns to the eActivity workspace screen.
u To edit the guide of an existing strip from the eActivity workspace screen
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, select a strip that already has a guide and then
press 6(g) to display page two of the function menu.
2. Press 5(GUIDE).
• This will display the first key editing screen.
3. Operations from this points are identical to those under “Creating a Guide” (page
10-6-2) and “Editing the Guide You Are Creating” (page 10-6-9).
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10-6-15
eActivity Guide
u Running a Guide
This example shows how to run the guide created under “Creating a Guide” (page 10-6-2).
1. On the eActivity workspace screen, select the Graph strip and then press w.
• This will display the screen shown to the right.
2. Press the key indicated by the key indicator that appears in the upper or lower right
corner of the screen.
• This will cause the next key to be pressed to
appear in the upper or lower right corner.
3. Perform the key operation in accordance with the keys that appear on the screen.
• Exit Strip ON: w will appear in the upper or lower
right corner when the guide is
complete.
• Exit Strip OFF: The strip will be freely usable when the guide is complete. Note,
however, that this operation does not save the strip.
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10-6-16
eActivity Guide
4. If exit strip is turned on, press w.
• This will display the dialog box shown to the right.
• 1(Yes) ... Exits the strip and returns to the eActivity workspace screen.
• 6(No) ... Returns to the screen in step 3.
# Pressing a key that is different from the one
displayed in the upper or lower right corner of
the screen will display the dialog box shown
below. The guide operation cannot proceed if
you do not follow its instructions.
J or A .....Returns to the previous screen.
!a(')...Exits the strip and displays the
eActivity workspace screen.
# Pressing A during auto key input of an AUTO
operation will stop key input and display the
normal script screen. Guide playback cannot
be restarted from the place where playback is
stopped.
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10-6-17
eActivity Guide
k eActivity Guide Editing Techniques
u To edit a guide from the end
On the editing screen, press 5(PLAY)5(
).
u To insert SETUP or V-Window setting changes into a key operation
sequence
On the editing screen, display the location where you want to insert the setting change
operation, insert an n-key operation, and then input the change operation.
u To allow students to continue with their own operation after executing a
problem guide
Input an n-key operation with the example, and specify “No” for the exit strip option at the end
of the guide creation operation.
u To create a guide that starts with list data input
Use an AUTO operation for the list data input operation when creating a guide that starts with
list data input. Select “Ultra-fast” for the play speed of the data input. This will cause the data
to be input at very high speed when the guide is executed.
20070201
Chapter
System Settings Menu
Use the system settings menu to view system information and
make system settings. The system settings menu lets you do
the following.
• Make contrast settings
• Make Auto Power Off settings
• Specify the system language
• View the operating system and application versions
• Reset the calculator
11
11-1 Using the System Settings Menu
11-2 System Settings
11-3 Version List
11-4 Reset
20070201
11-1-1
Using the System Settings Menu
11-1 Using the System Settings Menu
From the Main Menu, enter the SYSTEM mode and display the following menu items.
• 1(
) ... {display contrast adjustment}
• 2(
) ... {Auto Power Off time setting, backlight duration (for models equipped with a
backlight only)}
• 3(LANG) ... {system language}
• 4(VER) ... {version}
• 5(RSET) ... {system reset operations}
20070201
11-2-1
System Settings
11-2 System Settings
k Contrast Adjustment
Use the
(Contrast) item to adjust display contrast.
While the initial SYSTEM mode screen is displayed, press 1(
) to display the Contrast
Adjustment screen.
• The e cursor key makes display contrast darker.
• The d cursor key makes display contrast lighter.
• 1(INIT) returns display contrast to its initial default.
Press J or !J(QUIT) to return to the initial SYSTEM mode screen.
You can adjust contrast while any screen is on the display by pressing ! and then e or
d. To exit contrast adjustment, press ! again.
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11-2-2
System Settings
k Power Properties Settings
You can specify either 10 minutes or 60 minutes as the Auto Power Off trigger time.
You can also specify the backlight duration.
u To specify the Auto Power Off trigger time
1. While the initial SYSTEM mode screen is displayed, press 2(
) to display the
Power Properties Setting screen.
2. Use f and c to select “Auto Power Off”.
• 1(10) ... {10 minutes} (initial default setting)
• 2(60) ... {60 minutes}
Press J or !J(QUIT) to return to the initial SYSTEM mode screen.
u To specify the backlight duration (for models equipped with a backlight
only)
1. On the initial SYSTEM mode screen, press 2(
) to display the Power Properties
Setting screen.
2. Use f and c to select “Backlight Duration”.
• 1(10) ... {turns off the backlight 10 seconds after the last key operation is performed}
• 2(30) ... {turns off the backlight 30 seconds after the last key operation is performed}
(initial default setting)
• 3(Always) ... {leaves the backlight turned on until the backlight key is pressed or
until the calculator is turned off}
Press J or !J(QUIT) to return to the initial SYSTEM mode screen.
# Selecting “60 Min.” for the “Auto Power Off”
setting and “Always” for “Backlight Duration” will
run down batteries very quickly.
20070201
11-2-3
System Settings
k System Language Setting
Use LANG to specify the display language for built-in applications.You can also use add-ins
to install various other languages.
u To select the message language
1. From the initial SYSTEM mode screen, press 3(LANG) to display the Message
Language selection screen.
• If your calculator has “Add-in Message Language
Data” installed, the applicable languages will
appear on the Message Language selection
screen.
2. Use the f and c cursor keys to select the language you want, and then press
1(SEL).
3. The pop up window appears using the language you selected. Check the contents and
then press J.
Press J or !J(QUIT) to return to the initial SYSTEM mode screen.
u To select the menu language
1. From the initial SYSTEM mode screen, press 3(LANG) to display the Message
Language selection screen.
2. Press 6(MENU).
3. Use the f and c cursor keys to select the language you want, and then press
1(SEL).
4. The pop up window appears using the language you selected. Check the contents and
then press J.
• Press 6(MSG) to return to the Message Language selection screen.
Press J or !J(QUIT) to return to the initial SYSTEM mode screen.
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11-3-1
Version List
11-3 Version List
The Version list shows the following items.
• Operating system version
• Add-in application versions
• Add-in message data versions
• Add-in menu data versions
• User name
You can register the user name you want.
u To display version information
1. On the initial SYSTEM mode screen, press 4(VER) to display the Version List.
2. Use f and c to scroll the screen. The contents of the list are shown below.
Operating system version
Add-in application names and versions*1
Message languages and versions
Menu languages and versions
User name
Press J or !J(QUIT) to return to the initial SYSTEM mode screen.
*1 Only installed add-ins are displayed.
# The operating system version that actually
appears depends on the calculator model.
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11-3-2
Version List
u To register a user name
1. While the Version list is displayed, press 1(NAME) to display the user name input
screen.
2. Input up to eight characters for the user name you want.
3. After inputting the name, press w to register it, and return to the Version list.
• If you want to cancel user name input and return to the Version list without registering
a name, press J.
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11-4-1
Reset
11-4 Reset
1. While the initial SYSTEM mode screen is displayed, press 5(RSET) to display the
Reset Screen 1.
• 1(STUP) ... {setup initialization}
• 2(MAIN) ... {main memory data clear}
• 3(ADD) ... {add-in application clear}
• 4(SMEM) ... {storage memory data clear}
• 5(A&S) ... {add-in application and storage memory data clear}
Pressing 6(g) on the above screen displays the Reset Screen 2 shown below.
• 1(M&S) ... {main memory data and storage memory data clear}
• 2(ALL) ... {all memory clear}
The following table shows the functions of the function keys.You can use the function
keys to delete the specific data you want.
Function Key Functions
Delete Storage Memory
Data (Excluding Add-in
Applications)
Initialize Setup
Information
Delete Main
Memory Data
Delete Add-in
Applications
(STUP)
(MAIN)
(ADD)
1
2
3
4
5
⅜
⅜
⅜
⅜
⅜
⅜
(SMEM)
(A&S)
⅜
⅜
⅜
⅜
(
)
(M&S)
6 g 1
⅜
⅜
⅜
⅜
(
)
(ALL)
6 g 2
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11-4-2
Reset
2. Press the function key that corresponds to the reset operation you want to perform.
3. In response to the confirmation message that appears, press 1(Yes) to perform the
reset operation you specified, or 6(No) to cancel.
Screen produced when
2(MAIN) is pressed in step 2.
4. A message appears to let you know when the reset operation is complete.
• For all memory clear: Press J to restart the calculator and return to the Main Menu.
• Other: Press J to clear the message.
Screen produced when
2(MAIN) is pressed in step 2.
20070201
Chapter
Data Communications
This chapter tells you everything you need to know to transfer
programs between two CASIO Power Graphic calculators
connected using the cable that is equipped as a standard
accessory.
You can use the USB cable that comes with the calculator to
connect it to a computer to exchange images and other data.
12-1 Connecting Two Units
12
12-2 Connecting the Unit to a Personal Computer
12-3 Performing a Data Communication Operation
12-4 Data Communications Precautions
12-5 Image Transfer
12-6 Add-ins
12-7 MEMORY Mode
20070201
12-1-1
Connecting Two Units
12-1 Connecting Two Units
The following procedure describes how to connect two units with the connecting cable that
comes equipped as a standard accessory.
u To connect two units
1. Check to make sure that the power of both units is off.
2. Connect the two units using the cable.
3. Perform the following steps on both units to specify 3PIN as the cable type.
(1) From the Main Menu, enter the LINK mode.
(2) Press 4(CABL). This displays the cable type selection screen.
(3) Press 2(3PIN).
Example: Connecting two fx-9860G calculators
Cable
# Models that are supported for this
configuration are shown below.
fx-9860G SD
fx-9860G
fx-9860G AU
fx-9860G Slim
20070201
12-2-1
Connecting the Unit to a Personal Computer
12-2 Connecting the Unit to a Personal
Computer
You can use the USB cable that comes with the calculator to connect it to a computer to
exchange images and other data.
For details on operation, the types of computer that can be connected, and hardware
limitations, see the user’s documentation for the FA-124 software that comes with the
calculator.
Some types of data may not be able to be exchanged with a personal computer.
u To connect the unit to a personal computer
1. Check to make sure that the power of the unit and the personal computer is off.
2. Connect the USB cable to your computer.
3. Connect the other end of the USB cable to the calculator.
4. Turn on the power of the unit, followed by the personal computer.
5. Perform the following procedure on the calculator to specify USB as the cable type.
(1) From the Main Menu, enter the LINK mode.
(2) Press 4(CABL). This displays the cable type selection screen.
(3) Press 1(USB).
Example: Connecting an fx-9860G calculator to a computer
• After you finish data communications, turn off power in the sequence: the unit first, and
then the personal computer. Finally, disconnect the equipment.
# The fx-9860G SD/fx-9860G/fx-9860G AU/
fx-9860G Slim also supports to PC transfer
of programs created with a CASIO CFX-9850
series calculator.
# For information about computer system
requirements, see the FA-124 User’s Guide.
20070201
12-3-1
Performing a Data Communication Operation
12-3 Performing a Data Communication
Operation
From the Main Menu, enter the LINK mode. The following data communication main menu
appears on the display.
• {TRAN} ... {displays the data send screen}
• {RECV} ... {displays the data receive screen}
• {CABL} ... {displays the cable type selection screen}
• {WAKE} ... {displays the wakeup setting screen}
• {CAPT} ... {displays the image transfer setting screen}
Communication parameters are fixed at the following settings.
• 3-pin serial port
• Speed (BPS): 9600 bps max. (Connected with CFX-9850 series)
115200 bps max. (Connected with another fx-9860G SD/fx-9860G/
fx-9860G AU/fx-9860G Slim)
• Parity (PARITY): NONE
• USB port
• Communication speed is in accordance with USB standards.
20070201
12-3-2
Performing a Data Communication Operation
k Performing a Data Transfer Operation
Connect the two units and then perform the following procedures.
Receiving unit
To set up the calculator to receive data, press 2(RECV) while the data communication
main menu is displayed.
The calculator enters a data receive standby mode and waits for data to arrive. Actual data
receive starts as soon as data is sent from the sending unit.
Sending unit
To set up the calculator to send data, press 1(TRAN) while the data communication main
menu is displayed.
This displays the send data type selection screen.
• {MAIN} ... {main memory data}
• {SMEM} ... {storage memory data}
20070201
12-3-3
Performing a Data Communication Operation
Pressing 1(MAIN) or 2(SMEM) displays a screen for specifying the data selection
method.
When 1(MAIN) is pressed
When 2(SMEM) is pressed
• {SEL} ... {selects new data}
• {CRNT} ... {automatically selects previously selected data*1}
u To send selected data items (Example: To send user data)
Press 1(SEL) or 2(CRNT) to display a data item selection screen.
• {SEL} ... {selects data item where cursor is located}
• {ALL} ... {selects all data}
• {TRAN} ... {sends selected data items}
Use the f and c cursor keys to move the cursor to the data item you want to select and
press 1(SEL) to select it. Currently selected data items are marked with “ꢁ ”. Pressing
6(TRAN) sends all the selected data items.
• To deselect a data item, move the cursor to it and press 1(SEL) again.
Only items that contain data appear on the data item selection screen. If there are too many
data items to fit on a single screen, the list scrolls when you move the cursor to the bottom
line of the items on the screen.
*1The previously selected data memory is
cleared whenever you perform either of the
following operations.
- Change the type of transfer data
- Change to another mode
20070201
12-3-4
Performing a Data Communication Operation
uTo execute a send operation
After selecting the data items to send, press 6(TRAN). A message appears to confirm that
you want to execute the send operation.
• 1(Yes) ... sends data
• 6(No) ... returns to data selection screen
Press 1(Yes) to send the data.
• You can interrupt a data operation at any time by pressing A.
The following shows what the displays of the sending and receiving units look like after the
data communication operation is complete.
Sending Unit
Receiving Unit
Press J to return to the data communication main menu.
# Add-in applications, add-in languages, and
add-in menus are stored in the receiver’s
storage memory.
# A commercial add-in application cannot be
transferred.
20070201
12-3-5
Performing a Data Communication Operation
k Specifying the Cable Type
Use the following procedure to specify the cable type for data communication.
1. On the data communication main menu, press
4(CABL).
This displays the cable type selection screen.
• {USB} ... {USB cable}
• {3PIN} ... {3-pin cable}
2. Press 1(USB) or 2(3PIN) to select the cable type and return to the data
communication main menu.
k Configuring the Receiver’s Wakeup Feature
When Wakeup is turned on the receiver, the receiver turns on automatically when data
transfer starts.
When communicating between two calculators (3PIN selected as the cable type), the
receiver enters the receive mode automatically after it wakes up. When communication is
with a computer (USB selected as the cable type), connecting the USB cable to a computer
and then to the calculator (while the calculator is turned off) will cause the calculator to turn
on and enter the receive mode.
1. On the receiver’s data communication main menu,
press 5(WAKE).
This displays the Wakeup setting screen.
• {On} ... {turns Wakeup on}
• {Off} ... {turns Wakeup off}
2. Press 1(On).
This turns on Wakeup and returns of the data communication main menu.
3. Turn off the receiver.
4. Connect the receiver to the sender.
5. Starting a send operation on the sender causes the receiver to turn on automatically
and performs the data transfer operation.
20070201
12-4-1
Data Communications Precautions
12-4 Data Communications Precautions
The following are the types of data items that can be sent.
Overwrite
Data Item
Contents
Check*1
<PROGRAM>
Program names
<MATRIX>
MAT n
Program group
Program contents (All programs are listed.)
Matrix group
Yes
Yes
Matrix memory (A to Z, and Ans) contents
List file group
<LISTFILE>
LIST n
List memory (1 to 26, and Ans) contents
List file memory (1 to 6) contents
Yes
Yes
LIST FILE n
Graph expressions, graph draw/non-draw
status, V-Window contents, zoom factors
Y=DATA
No
<G-MEM>
G-MEM n
<V-WIN>
V-WIN n
Graph memory group
Graph memory (1 to 20) contents
V-Window memory group
V-Window memory contents
Picture memory group
Picture (graph) memory (1 to 20) data
Dynamic Graph functions
Equation calculation coefficient values
Alpha memory contents
Function memory group
Function memory contents
Stat result data
Yes
No
<PICTURE>
PICT n
No
Yes
No
No
DYNA MEM
EQUATION
ALPHA MEM
<F-MEM>
F-MEM n
STAT
No
No
No
No
TABLE
Table data
FINANCIAL
<S-SHEET>
Financial data
Spreadsheet group
Spreadsheet data Spreadsheet data
Yes
No
names
(All spreadsheet data are listed.)
RECURSION
Recursion data
20070201
12-4-2
Data Communications Precautions
Overwrite
Data Item
Contents
Check*1
<CAPTURE>
CAPT n
Capture memory group
Capture memory (1 to 20) data
Setup data
No
No
SETUP
OS and data shared by applications (clipboard,
replay, history, etc.), which is not included in the
above
SYSTEM
No
No
Add-in application Add-in application data
names (All add-in applications are listed.)
*1 No overwrite check: If the receiving unit already contains the same type of data, the
existing data is overwritten with the new data.
With overwrite check: If the receiving unit already contains the same type of data, a
message appears to ask if the existing data should be overwritten with the new data.
Data item name
• 1(YES) ... {replaces the receiving unit’s existing data with the new data}
• 6(NO) ... {skips to next data item}
Note the following precautions whenever you perform data communications.
• An error occurs whenever you try to send data to a receiving unit that is not yet standing
by to receive data. When this happens, press J to clear the error and try again, after
setting up the receiving unit to receive data.
• An error occurs whenever the receiving unit does not receive any data approximately six
minutes after it is set up to receive data. When this happens, press J to clear the error.
• An error occurs during data communications if the cable becomes disconnected, if
the parameters of the two units do not match, or if any other communications problem
occurs. When this happens, press J to clear the error, then correct the problem before
trying data communications again. If data communications are interrupted by the J key
operation or an error, any data successfully received up to the interruption will be in the
memory of the receiving unit.
• An error occurs if the receiving unit memory becomes full during data communications.
When this happens, press J to clear the error and delete unneeded data from the
receiving unit to make room for the new data, and then try again.
20070201
12-4-3
Data Communications Precautions
k Exchanging Data with another Model Calculator
• The graph line style data of this calculator is interchangeable with the line color data of
the CFX-9850.
• Sending the following type of data to a CFX-9850 will cause an error.
ꢀ All List, G-Mem, Pict, or F-Mem data, except for data numbers 1 through 6
CFX-9850 supports up to six List, G-Mem, Pict, and F-Mem data items only.
ꢀ More than 255 cells of List data
CFX-9850 supports up to 255 List cells only.
ꢀ Any List data that contains a complex number
CFX-9850 does not support complex number input.
• Attempting to send any of the following types of data to a CFX-9850 will not cause an
error, but the data will not be stored in CFX-9850 memory.
Table setting data
Recursion data
Financial data
Spreadsheet data
Add-in application data
Hard copy memory
Setup data
• Sending V-Window x-dot data to the CFX-9850 will cause the data to become corrupted.
20070201
12-5-1
Image Transfer
12-5 Image Transfer
k Transferring Images to a Computer
Use the following procedure to capture calculator screen images to a computer. Perform this
procedure using FA-124 software running on the computer.
1. Use the USB cable to connect the calculator to the computer.
2. On the calculator, press 6(CAPT).
This displays the image transfer setting screen.
• {Mem} ... {turns off image transfer}
• {PC} ... {turns on manual image transfer}
• {OHP} ... {turns on auto image transfer}
3. Press 2(PC).
This turns on manual image transfer and returns to the data communication main
menu.
4. On the calculator, display the screen you want to transfer.
5. Use FA-124 to perform the transfer operation.
6. On the calculator, press !h(CAPTURE).
7. The screen data is sent to the computer.
# Selecting “PC” (turns on manual image
transfer) automatically disables screen
capture.
# The following types of screen images cannot be
transferred to another calculator or computer
using auto image transfer.
- The screen displayed during data transfer
- The screen displayed during a calculation
- The screen displayed after reset is performed
- The low battery screen
20070201
12-5-2
Image Transfer
k Auto Image Transfer to an OHP Unit (OH-9860*1)
The following procedure sends the screen of this calculator to an OHP unit at fixed intervals.
1. Use the USB cable to connect the calculator to the OHP unit.
2. From the Main Menu, enter the LINK mode.
3. Press 4(CABL).
• This displays the cable type selection screen.
4. Press 1(USB).
5. Press 6(CAPT).
• This displays the image transfer setting screen.
6. Press 3(OHP).
This turns on auto image transfer and returns of
the data communication main menu.
7. Display the image you want to send.
8. The displayed image is sent automatically to the OHP unit.
9. To continue with auto image transfer, return to step 7.
10. To stop auto image transfer, press 6(CAPT)1(Mem) on the data communication
main menu.
See the User’s Guide that comes with the OHP unit for information about connecting the
OHP unit and how to use the calculator while the OHP unit is attached.
*1The OH-9860 is available separately.
20070201
12-5-3
Image Transfer
k Connecting to a Projector
You can connect the calculator to a CASIO projector and project calculator screen contents
onto a screen.
u Connectable Projectors (As of July 2007)
XJ-S35, XJ-S36, XJ-S46
• You can also connect the calculator to a YP-100 Multifunctional Presentation Kit and
project from the projectors other than the model shown above.
u To project calculator screen contents from a projector
1. From the Main Menu, enter the LINK mode.
2. Press 4(CABL).
• This displays the cable type selection screen.
3. Press 1(USB).
4. Press 6(CAPT).
• This displays the image transfer setting screen.
5. Press 3(OHP).
• This displays the data communication main menu shown below.
6. Use the USB cable that comes with the calculator to connect to the projector (or
YP-100 unit).
u Precautions when Connecting
• Be sure to configure the calculator’s “Wakeup” and “Capture” settings before connecting.
• An hourglass figure may remain projected on the screen after you connect the calculator
to a projector (or YP-100). If this happens, performing some operation on the calculator
will restore normal display.
• If the calculator stops operating normally, disconnect the USB cable and then reconnect
it. If this does not correct the problem, disconnect the USB cable, turn the projector (or
YP-100) off and then back on, and then reconnect the USB cable.
20070601
12-6-1
Add-ins
12-6 Add-ins
Add-in capabilities let you install separately available applications and other software to tailor
the calculator to suit your particular needs.
Add-ins are installed from a computer using the data communication described on page
12-3-1.
The following are the types of software that can be installed as add-ins.
u Add-in Application
After you install an application, its icon appears in the Main Menu, and you can run it just as
you would a built-in application.
u Built-in Application Upgrades
These are upgrades for the applications that are pre-programmed in the calculator’s ROM.
u On-screen Message Language Data
This data is required to display on-screen messages in other languages. Installing this data
causes all on-screen messages to appear in the corresponding language.
u Function Menu Language Data
This data is required to display function menus in other languages. Installing this data causes
function menus to appear in the corresponding language.
20070201
12-6-2
Add-ins
k Installing an Add-in Application and Message Language Data Using
FA-124 PROGRAM-LINK
1. On your computer’s desktop, double-click “FA-124”.
• This will start up FA-124 PROGRAM-LINK.
2. Click the
icon to switch to display of Storage Memory contents.
3. In the Computer window, right click “Default”.
4. On the shortcut menu that appears, select “Import fx-9860 File”.
• This will display a dialog box for selecting the file you want.
5. Click the file type down arrow button and then select a file type.
• Add-in Application: Select “G1A File(*.g1a)”.
• Add-in Message Language Data: Select “G1L File(*.g1l)”.
20070201
12-6-3
Add-ins
6. Select the add-in that you want to install.
• If you are installing an add-in from the CD-ROM (Physium, Geometry, etc.), navigate to
the CD-ROM that is in your computer’s CD-ROM drive and then select the add-in.
• If you are installing an add-in file that you downloaded on the Web, select the
downloaded add-in file.
7. Click [Open].
• This should cause the imported add-in file to appear in the Computer window.
* If the “Memory Full Error” occurs, delete files in the Computer window that you no
longer need. Next, right-click “Default” and then select “Optimization” from the shortcut
menu that appears. After that, restart the procedure from step 3.
8. On the calculator, enter the LINK mode, and configure
the following settings: Cable Type: USB; Wakeup: On;
Capture: Memory.
9. Use the USB cable to connect the calculator to your computer and then click the
icon.
• This will establish a connection between the calculator and FA-124 PROGRAM-LINK,
and display the contents of calculator memory in the fx-9860 window.
20070201
12-6-4
Add-ins
10. In the Computer window, right-click the add-in application you want to install and then click
“Copy” on the shortcut menu that appears.
11. In the fx-9860 window, right-click the user name and then select “Paste” on the shortcut
menu that appears.
* In place of steps 10 and 11, you could also drag the add-in application from the
Computer window and drop it onto the user name in the fx-9860 window.
20070201
12-6-5
Add-ins
12. The data will be copied from the Computer window to the fx-9860 window.
13. After the copy operation is complete, the add-in application will appear under the user
name in the fx-9860 window.
14. Click the
icon.
• This will terminate the connection between the
calculator and FA-124 PROGRAM-LINK and cause
the message “Complete!” to appear on the calculator
display.
15. On the calculator, press the J key and then the m key.
• Confirm that the add-in application’s icon is on the
Main Menu.
See “To select the message language” (page 11-2-3) for details about using add-in message
language data.
20070201
12-7-1
MEMORY Mode
12-7 MEMORY Mode
This calculator has two separate memory areas: a “main memory” and a “storage memory.”
The main memory is a work area where you can perform input data, perform calculations
and run programs. Data in the main memory is relatively safe, but it can be deleted when
batteries go dead or when you perform a full reset.
The storage memory uses “flash memory,” so data is safe even when power is interrupted.
Normally, you would use the storage memory for data you need to store securely for long
periods and load it into the main memory only when you need it.
Use the MEMORY mode to transfer data between the main memory and storage memory,
and to perform other memory management operations.
From the Main Menu, select the MEMORY icon to enter the MEMORY mode and display its
initial screen.
• {MAIN} ... {displays main memory information}
• {SMEM} ... {displays storage memory information}
• {BKUP} ... {main memory backup}
• {OPT} ... {storage memory optimization}
20070201
12-7-2
MEMORY Mode
k Memory Information Screen
Press 1(MAIN) to display current main memory use information.
Press 2(SMEM) to display current storage memory use information.
• Use the cursor f and c keys to move the highlighting and check the number of bytes
used by each type of data.
• Line 7 shows how many bytes of memory are currently unused in the currently selected
memory (main or storage).
• The first time you store data to the storage memory, the calculator will reserve a
management memory area automatically, which will reduce the “Free” value by 65535
bytes.
• On the main memory screen, < > indicates a data group. On the storage memory screen,
[ ] indicates folders.
20070201
12-7-3
MEMORY Mode
Moving the highlighting to a data group or folder and pressing w will display the data group
or folder contents. Pressing J will return to the previous screen.
When the contents of a storage memory folder are displayed, the first line of the screen
shows the name of the folder.
w
→
←
J
Folder name
(Blank when the root
folder is displayed.)
uThe following data can be checked.
Main Memory
Data Name
ALPHA MEM
Contents
Alpha letter variables
Matrix group
<MATRIX>
Matrix
MAT n (n = A to Z, and Ans)
<LISTFILE>
List file group
List memory contents
List File
LIST n (n = 1 to 26, and Ans)
LIST FILE n (n = 1 to 6)
STAT
Stat result data
Graph expression
Graph memory group
Graph memory
Y=DATA
<G-MEM>
G-MEM n (n = 1 to 20)
<V-WIN>
V-Window memory group
V-Window memory
Picture memory group
Picture memory
V-WIN n (n = 1 to 6)
<PICTURE>
PICT n (n = 1 to 20)
DYNA MEM
Dynamic Graph memory
Table data
TABLE
EQUATION
Equation data
FINANCIAL
Financial data
20070201
12-7-4
MEMORY Mode
Data Name
<CAPTURE>
Contents
Capture memory group
Capture memory
Conics setting data
Program group
CAPT n (n = 1 to 20)
CONICS
<PROGRAM>
Each program name
<S-SHEET>
Programs
Spreadsheet group
Spreadsheet data
Each spreadsheet name
Each add-in application name Application-specific data
<F-MEM>
Function memory group
Function memory
Setup data
F-MEM n (n = 1 to 20)
SETUP
OS and data shared by applications (clipboard, replay,
history, etc.), which is not included in the above
SYSTEM
Storage Memory*1
Data Name
Contents
Data items listed in the Main Memory table that has
been copied to storage memory.
*.g1m file names
The names of these files have the extension “.g1m”.
eActivity data names
eActivity data stored in storage memory.
Add-in software names
(Applications, languages,
menus)
Add-in applications, add-in languages, and add-in
menus stored in storage memory.
Folder names
Unknown
Enclosed in square brackets ([ ]).
Area that is unusable due to writing error, etc.
*1“No Data” is displayed when there is no data in
storage memory.
20070201
12-7-5
MEMORY Mode
k Creating a Folder in Storage Memory
Use the following procedure to create and rename folders in storage memory.
u To create a new folder
1. While storage memory data is on the display, press 4(MK • F) to display the folder
name input screen.
2. Input up to eight characters for the name you want
to give to the folder.
• Only the following characters are supported: A through Z, {, }, ’, ~, 0 through 9
Inputting any invalid character will cause an “Invalid Name” error.
• An “Invalid Name” also occurs if the name you input is already being used by an
existing file.
• To cancel folder creation, press J.
3. Press w to create the folder and return to the
storage memory information screen.
20070201
12-7-6
MEMORY Mode
u To rename a folder
1. On the storage memory information screen, select the folder you want to rename.
2. Press 5(RN • F) to display the rename folder screen.
3. Input up to eight characters for the name you want
to give to the folder.
• Only the following characters are supported: A through Z, {, }, ’, ~, 0 through 9
Inputting any invalid character will cause an “Invalid Name” error.
• An “Invalid Name” also occurs if the name you input is already being used by an
existing file.
• To cancel folder creation, press J.
4. Press w to rename the folder and return to the
storage memory information screen.
k Selecting Data
You can use the following procedures to select data for copy and deletion.
• Press 1(SEL) to select the currently highlighted item, which is indicated by the black
selection pointer (ꢁ ) appearing next to it. Pressing 1(SEL) again will deselect the item,
causing the selection pointer to disappear.
→
1(SEL)
←
20070201
12-7-7
MEMORY Mode
• You can select multiple files, if you want.
1(SEL)
→
• Selecting a group or folder also selects everything inside of it. Deselecting a group or folder
deselects all of its contents.
w
→
• If you select one or more individual items inside of a data group or folder, the black
selection pointer (ꢁ ) appears next to each item, while a white selection pointer (g) appears
next to the group or folder name.
J
→
• The current data selection is maintained when any of the following operations is performed.
Save/load execution
Search execution
• Returning to the MEMORY mode initial screen deselects all currently selected items.
20070201
12-7-8
MEMORY Mode
k Copying Data
You can copy data between main memory and storage memory.
u To copy from main memory to storage memory
Note
• The following procedure saves the selected data into a single file.You assign a name to the
file, which is stored in storage memory.
1. On the main memory data information screen, select the data you want to copy.
2. Press 2(COPY)
• This displays the folder selection screen.
3. Select the folder to which you want to copy the data.
• This displays the file name input screen.
4. Input the file name you want to give to the file.
• To cancel the copy operation, press J.
5. Press w.
• This copies the data.
6. The message “Complete!” appears when the copy operation is complete. Pressing J
will return to the MEMORY mode initial screen.
Copying a *.g1m file to main memory restores the file to its original (non-g1m) type.
20070201
12-7-9
MEMORY Mode
k Error Checks During Data Copy
The following error checks are performed while a data copy operation is being executed.
Low battery check
The calculator performs low battery check before starting the data copy operation. If the
battery is at Level 1, a low battery error occurs and the copy operation is not performed.
Available memory check
The calculator checks to see if there is enough free memory available to store the copied
data.
A “Memory Full” error occurs if there is not enough memory available.
A “Too Many Data” error occurs when the number of data items is too great.
A “Fragmentation ERROR” occurs when there is enough free memory available, but a
garbage collection operation is required.
If a “Fragmentation ERROR” occurs, perform the optimization procedure (page 12-7-16).
Overwrite check
The calculator checks to see if there is any existing data at the copy destination with the
same name as the data being copied.
An overwrite confirmation message appears if there is data with the same name.
• 1(Yes) ... overwrites the existing data with the new data
• 6(No) ... advances to the next data item without copying the data with the same name
• Pressing A will cancel the copy operation and return to the MEMORY mode initial screen.
20070201
12-7-10
MEMORY Mode
Overwrite check is performed for the following types of data only. All other types of data are
copied, without checking for data files with the same name.
• Programs
• Matrices
• List files
• Graph memories
• Dynamic Graph memories
• Spreadsheet data
Overwrite check is performed for data of the same type only. If different types of data have
the same name, the copy operation is performed without regard to the data with the same
name.
Overwrite check applies only to the destination of the copy operation.
Type mismatch error check
eActivity data, add-in applications, add-in languages, add-in menus, and backup data cannot
be copied to main memory. Attempting to do so will cause a type mismatch error.
20070201
12-7-11
MEMORY Mode
k Deleting Files
Use the procedures in this section to delete main memory and storage memory data.
u To delete a main memory file
1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 1(MAIN).
• This displays a list of files that are in the main memory.
2. Select the file(s) you want to delete.You can select multiple files, if you want.
3. Press 6(DEL).
• Press 1(Yes) to delete the file.
• Press 6(No) to cancel the delete operation.
u To delete a storage memory file
1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 2(SMEM).
• This displays a list of files that are in the storage memory.
2. Select the file(s) you want to delete.You can select multiple files, if you want.
3. Press 6(DEL).
• Press 1(Yes) to delete the file.
• Press 6(No) to cancel the delete operation.
20070201
12-7-12
MEMORY Mode
k Searching for a File
Use the following procedures to search for a specific file in the main memory or storage
memory.
u To search for a file in the main memory
Example
To search for all files in the main memory whose names begin with the
letter “R”
1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 1(MAIN).
• This displays a list of files that are in the main memory.
2. Press 3(SRC).
• Input the letter “R” for the keyword.*1
• The first file name that begins with the letter “R” appears highlighted on display.
*1 You can input up to eight characters for the
keyword.
# The message “Not Found” appears if there are no
file names that match your keyword.
20070201
12-7-13
MEMORY Mode
u To search for a file in the storage memory
Example
To search for all files in the storage memory whose names begin with
the letter “S”
1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 2(SMEM).
• This displays a list of files that are in the storage memory.
2. Press 3(SRC).
• Input the letter “S” for the keyword.
• The first file name that begins with the letter “S” appears highlighted on display.
# The message “Not Found” appears if there are
no file names that match your keyword.
20070201
12-7-14
MEMORY Mode
k Backing Up Main Memory Data
You can back up all the data in the main memory and store it in the storage memory. Later
you can restore the backed up data to the main memory when necessary.
u To back up main memory data
1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press
4(BKUP).
2. Press 1(SAVE).
This displays a folder selection screen.
3. Use f and c to select the folder where you want to save the data.
4. Press w to start the backup.
The message “Complete!” appears when the backup operation is finished.
Press J to return to the screen displayed in step 1.
The following message appears if there is already backup data in the storage memory.
Press 1(Yes) to back up the data, or 6(No) to cancel the backup operation.
A “Memory Full” occurs when there is not enough space available in the storage memory to
complete the backup operation.
# Backup data is saved in a file named
BACKUP.g1m.
20070201
12-7-15
MEMORY Mode
u To restore backup data to the main memory
1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press 4(BKUP).
• On the screen that appears, you can confirm whether or not there is backup data in
the storage memory.
2. Press 2(LOAD).
This displays the folder selection screen.
3. Use f and c to select a folder.
4. Press w.*1
• A message appears to confirm whether or not
you really want to restore the backed up data.
Press 1(Yes) to restore the data and delete any data currently in the area.
Press 6(No) to cancel the data backup operation.
The message “Complete!” appears when the restore operation is finished.
Press J to return to the screen displayed in step 1.
*1The message “No Data” will appear if there is
no backup data stored in memory. Pressing
J will return the screen in step 1.
20070201
12-7-16
MEMORY Mode
k Optimizing the Storage Memory
Storage memory can become fragmented after many store and load operations.
Fragmentation can cause blocks of memory to become unavailable for data storage. Because
of this, you should periodically perform the storage memory optimization procedure, which
rearranges the data in the storage memory and makes memory usage more economical.
u To optimize the storage memory
1. On the initial MEMORY mode screen press
5(OPT) to optimize the storage memory.
The message “Complete!” appears when the optimize operation is complete.
Press J to return to the initial MEMORY mode screen.
# In some cases, the amount of free memory
capacity may be unchanged when you check
it after performing the optimization procedure.
This does not indicate any problem with the
calculator.
20070201
Appendix
1
2
Error Message Table
Input Ranges
α
20070201
α-1-1
Error Message Table
1 Error Message Table
Message
Meaning
Countermeasure
Syntax ERROR
•
•
Illegal syntax
Attempt to input an illegal
command
•
•
Press J to display the error
and make necessary corrections.
Ma ERROR
•
•
•
•
Calculation result exceeds the
display range.
Calculation is outside the input
range of a function.
Mathematical error (division by
zero, etc.)
Sufficient precision could not be
obtained for Σ calculation,
differential calculation, etc.
Solution could not be obtained
for equation calculation, etc.
Check input values and make
corrections to ensure that values
are within allowable limits.
•
Go ERROR
1 No corresponding Lbl n for
1 Correctly input a Lbl n to corres-
pond to the Goto n , or delete the
Goto n if not required.
Goto n.
2 No program stored in program
2 Store a program in program area
Prog ”file name”, or delete the
Prog ”file name” if not required.
area Prog ”file name”.
Nesting
ERROR
•
Nesting of subroutines by Prog
”file name” exceeds 10 levels.
•
•
Ensure that Prog ”file name” is
not used to return from
subroutines to main routine. If
used, delete any unnecessary
Prog ”file name”.
Trace the subroutine jump
destinations and ensure that no
jumps are made back to the
original program area. Ensure
that returns are made correctly.
Stack ERROR
•
Execution of calculations that
exceed the capacity of the stack
for numeric values or stack for
commands.
•
•
Simplify the formulas to keep
stacks within 10 levels for the
numeric values and 26 levels for
the commands.
Divide the formula into two or
more parts.
20070201
α-1-2
Error Message Table
Message
Memory
Meaning
Countermeasure
•
Operation or memory storage
operation exceeds remaining
memory capacity.
•
•
Keep the number of memories
you use within the currently
specified number of memories.
Simplify the data you are trying
to store to keep it within the
available memory capacity.
Delete no longer needed data to
make room for the new data.
ERROR
•
•
Argument
ERROR
•
•
Incorrect argument specification
for a command that requires an
argument.
Correct the argument.
Dimension
ERROR
Illegal dimension used during
matrix or list calculations.
•
Check the matrix or list
dimension.
Range ERROR
1 Input of an improper V-Window
value.
1 Change the V-Window value so it
is within range.
2 V-Window range settings
exceeded when a graph is
redrawn.
2 Redraw using the proper settings.
3 Input of an improper value on
the range screen and use of that
value for execution.
3 Input a proper range value.
4 The spreadsheet cell range was
exceeded by paste, recall, or
other cell operation.
4 Repeat the procedure taking
care that the cell range is not
exceeded.
Condition
ERROR
•
Execution of a calculation or
function before all conditions
required for execution are met.
•
Check the conditions and make
any necessary corrections.
Non-Real
ERROR
•
Calculation that produces a
complex number when Real is
specified for the Complex Mode
setting on the Setup screen, even
though the argument is a real
number.
•
Change the Complex Mode
setting to something other than
Real.
Complex
Number In List
•
•
List containing complex number
used in a calculation or operation
for which complex number data is
invalid.
•
Change all data in the list to real
numbers.
Can’t Solve!
Adjust initial
value or
A Solve calculation could not
obtain a solution within the
specified range.
•
•
Change the specified range.
Correct the input expression.
bounds. Then
try again
20070201
α-1-3
Error Message Table
Message
Meaning
Countermeasure
No Variable
•
No variable specified within a
graph function being used for
Dynamic Graph.
No variable within a Solve
equation.
•
•
Specify a variable for the graph
function.
Input a Solve equation that
includes a variable.
•
•
Com ERROR
Problem with cable connection or
parameter setting during program
data communications.
•
•
•
•
Check to make sure there is
nothing wrong with the cable
connection, and that parameters
are configured correctly.
Transmit
ERROR
•
•
Problem with cable connection
or parameter setting during data
communications.
Check to make sure there is
nothing wrong with the cable
connection, and that parameters
are configured correctly.
Receive
ERROR
Problem with cable connection
or parameter setting during data
communications.
Check to make sure there is
nothing wrong with the cable
connection, and that parameters
are configured correctly.
Memory Full
Time Out
•
•
Memory of receiving unit
became full during program data
communications.
Delete some data stored in the
receiving unit and try again.
A Solve calculation or integration
calculation was unable to satisfy
convergence conditions.
•
•
If you are performing a Solve
calculation, try changing to the
initial default estimated value.
If you are performing an
integration calculation, try
changing to a larger tol value.
Circular
ERROR
•
•
There is a circular reference
(such as “=A1” in cell A1) in the
spreadsheet.
•
•
Change cell contents to remove
the circular references.
Please
Reconnect
The connection was dropped for
some reason while updating the
operating system.
Reconnect and try again.
Too Many Data
•
•
•
The number of data items is too
large.
•
•
•
Delete unneeded data.
Optimize memory.
Fragmentation
ERROR
Memory must be optimized before
any more data can be stored.
Invalid Name
The file name you input includes
invalid characters.
Use the correct characters to
input a valid file name.
20070201
α-1-4
Error Message Table
Message
Meaning
Countermeasure
Specify valid data.
Invalid Type
•
•
An illegal data type is specified.
The storage memory is full.
•
•
Storage
Delete unneeded data.
Memory Full
Data ERROR
•
A data error occurred.
•
Check to make sure you are
writing correct type of data and
try again.
20070201
α-2-1
Input Ranges
2 Input Ranges
Input range for real
Function
Internal
digits
Precision
Notes
number solutions
As a rule,
precision is
1 at the
However, for tanx:
(DEG) |x| < 9 (109)°
sinx
cosx
tanx
×
|x| 90(2n+1): DEG
≠
≠ π
(RAD) |x| < 5 107 rad
15 digits
×
π
|x|
/2(2n+1): RAD
(GRA) |x| < 1 1010grad
×
10th digit.*
|x| 100(2n+1): GRA
≠
sin–1x
cos–1x
|x|
1
<
"
"
"
"
tan–1x
|x| < 1 10100
×
Important!
• sinh and tanh become
singular points when = 0.
In this vicinity, errors
become cumulative and
accuracy deteriorates.
sinhx
coshx
|x| 230.9516564
<
x
tanhx
|x| < 1 10100
×
|x| < 1 10100
sinh–1x
cosh–1x
tanh–1x
×
1
x < 1 10100
"
"
<
×
|x| < 1
10–99 x < 1 10100
logx
Inx
• Complex numbers can be
used as arguments.
1
×
<
×
"
"
"
"
10x
–1 10100 < x < 100
×
–1 10100
×
• Complex numbers can be
used as arguments.
e x
< x 230.2585092
<
0
x < 1 10100
<
×
x
'
"
"
"
"
< 1 1050
• Complex numbers can be
used as arguments.
x 2
|x|
×
|x| < 1 10100, x
0
×
≠
1/x
|x| < 1 10100
• Complex numbers can be
used as arguments.
3
×
x
'
0
x
69
<
<
x !
"
"
"
"
(x is an integer)
Result < 1 10100
n r (n and r are integers)
0
×
nPr
nCr
,
r
n, n < 1 1010
×
<
<
20070201
α-2-2
Input Ranges
Input range for real
number solutions
Internal
digits
Function
Precision
Notes
As a rule,
precision is
1 at the
x2 + y2 < 1 10100
×
15 digits
,
Pol (x y)
10th digit.*
|r| < 1 10100
θ
However, for tan
:
×
(DEG) | | < 9 (109)°
| | 90(2n+1): DEG
/2(2 +1): RAD
| | 100(2n+1): GRA
Rec
θ
θ
×
≠
≠ π
≠
(RAD) | | < 5 107 rad
| |
n
"
"
"
θ
θ
,
θ
(r
)
×
π
(GRA) | | < 1 1010grad
θ
θ
×
|a|, b, c < 1 10100
×
° ’ ”
0
b, c
<
|x| < 1 10100
"
"
×
← ⎯
Sexagesimal display:
° ’ ”
|x| < 1 107
×
x > 0:
–1 10100 < ylogx < 100
×
x = 0 : y > 0
m
^(xy)
"
x < 0 : y = n,
––––
2n+1
(m, n are integers)
• Complex numbers can be
used as arguments.
However;
–1 10100 < y log |x| < 100
×
y > 0 : x ≠ 0
–1 10100
<
logy < 100
1
x
×
y = 0 : x > 0
y < 0 : x = 2n+1,
x
2n+1
y
'
––––
"
"
"
"
m
(m 0; m, n are integers)
≠
However;
• Complex numbers can be
used as arguments.
1
x
–1 10100
<
log |y| < 100
×
Total of integer, numerator
and denominator must be
within 10 digits (includes
division marks).
b
/
a
c
*For a single calculation, calculation error is 1 at the 10th digit. (In the case of exponential
display, calculation error is 1 at the last significant digit.) Errors are cumulative in the case
of consecutive calculations, which can also cause them to become large. (This is also true of
internal consecutive calculations that are performed in the case of ^(xy), x y, x , x, nPr, nCr,
etc.)
3
!
'
'
In the vicinity of a function’s singular point and point of inflection, errors are cumulative and may
become large.
20070201
α-2-3
Input Ranges
Function
Input range
Values fall within following ranges after conversion:
DEC: –2147483648 2147483647
Binary,
octal,
x
<
<
decimal,
hexadecimal
calculation
BIN: 1000000000000000
x
1111111111111111 (negative)
<
<
0
x
111111111111111 (0, positive)
<
<
OCT: 20000000000
x
37777777777 (negative)
<
<
0
x
17777777777 (0, positive)
<
<
HEX: 80000000
x
FFFFFFFF (negative)
<
<
0
x
7FFFFFFF (0, positive)
<
<
20070201
CASIO Europe GmbH
Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt,
Germany
This mark applies in EU countries only.
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan
One or more of the following patents may be used in the product.
U.S.Pats. 5,166,897 5,210,708 5,535,317 5,539,867
SA0802-D
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