Zhumell Telephone ECLIPSE 114 User Manual

ECLIPSE 114  
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SPECIFICATIONS  
OPTICAL TUBE ASSEMBLY  
Type Reflector  
Objective (mm) 114  
Focal Length (mm) 1000  
Highest Useful Magnification 200x  
Resolving Power 1.02  
Limiting Magnitude (Visual) 12.8  
Limiting Magnitude (Photographic) 10.8  
Focal Ratio F/8.8  
Eyepiece Format 1.25”  
Finder Scope 6x30  
Mount Type ET-7 Equitorial  
MOUNT  
Materials Aluminum  
R.A. Adjustment Manual Worm Gear  
Dec. Adjustment Manual Worm Gear  
Clock Drive Axis R.A.  
Clock Drive Power 2 - 9V Batteries  
INCLUDED ITEMS  
•Optical Tube Assembly  
•6x30 Finderscope  
•ET-7 Equitorial Mount  
•Adjustable Speed Clock Drive  
•R.A. and Dec. Adjustment Cables  
•Counterweight  
•Aluminum Tripod  
•Accessory Tray  
•6mm and 20mm Kellner Eyepieces  
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TELESCOPE LEGEND  
1. Tripod  
2. Mount Assembly  
3. Optical Tube Assembly  
4. Eyepiece  
5. Eyepiece Adapter  
6. Finderscope  
7. Optical Tube Mounting Belt  
8. Declination Circle  
9. Declination Adjustment Cable  
10. Hour Circle (R.A. Scale)  
11. R.A. Adjustment Cable  
12. Balance Shaft  
13. Counterweight  
14. Clock Drive  
15. Latiutude Adjustment Screw  
CARE OF YOUR TELESCOPE  
A telescope is carefully aligned during construction and great care should  
be taken to maintain this alignment over the life of the telescope. Cleaning  
should be done as little as possible and then only with a mild soap solution  
and soft, lint-free cloth. Do not rub elements when cleaning. Blot optical  
components gently and allow telescope to air dry. Store telescope in box  
when not in use. Do not use alcohol or solvents to clean any parts of the  
telescope. Do not remove optical elements from telescope as doing so may  
affect the alignment of optical components when reassembled. If telescope  
needs realignment, contact Zhumell or another professional.  
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TELESCOPE ASSEMBLY  
1. Extend tripod legs to comfortable working  
height and tighten wingnuts to ensure stabil-  
ity. Separate tripod legs and ensure that the  
legs are extended to equal heights. The top of  
the tripod should be level to ensure stability  
when mounting telescope.  
2. Remove mount base screw. Insert bottom  
of mount assembly into tripod mounting  
hole. Replace mount base screw below tripod  
mounting plate and tighten to secure mount  
to tripod.  
3. Loosen all setscrews on mount (except the  
base screw) and position mount so that you  
have access to all parts of the mount.  
4. Find the latitude scale located on the side  
of the mount above the base of the mount.  
Remove the nut and washer located in the  
center of the latitude scale. Slide clock drive  
mounting bracket over the exposed bolt and  
onto the raised fitting. Line up clock drive so  
that the motor drive coil slides over the R.A.  
adjustment shaft. The thumbscrew will need  
to be loosened in order to ensure that the  
motor drive coil slides easily onto the shaft.  
Replace washer and nut to secure clock drive  
assembly and tighten.  
5. Loosen thumbscrews on R.A. and Dec.  
adjustment cables. Slide shorter adjustment  
cable over open end of the R.A. adjustment  
shaft (opposite the mounted clock drive) and  
tighten thumbscrew into notch on shaft. Slide  
longer adjustment cable onto the Dec. adjust-  
ment shaft (below telescope mounting brack-  
ets) and tighten thumbscrew into notch.  
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6. Tighten all setscrews on the mount assem-  
bly to prevent movement of mount. Tighten  
the set screw on the counterweight to prevent  
movement of weight on balance shaft. Screw  
threaded end of balance shaft into the thread-  
ed receptacle opposite the telescope mount-  
ing bracket on the upper part of the mount.  
Tighten balance shaft for stability.  
7. Remove wingnuts and washers from the  
bottom of telescope mounting belt. Insert  
exposed bolt into hole on top of mount.  
Replace washers and wingnuts and tighten to  
secure mounting belt. Repeat for each mount-  
ing belt.  
8. Assemble optical tube assembly. Remove  
thumbscrews on finderscope mounting bolts.  
Slide finderscope mounting bracket onto  
mounting bolts so that bracket is angled to-  
ward front of telescope. Replace and tighten  
thumbscrews to secure bracket. Loosen  
thumbscrews at top of finderscope mount-  
ing bracket. Slide finderscope into mounting  
bracket with large end facing front of tele-  
scope. Tighten thumbscrews until snug.  
9. Remove thumbscrews on top of telescope  
mounting belts. Pull mounting belts open.  
Place telescope in open belts so that the front  
end of telescope faces away from the clock  
drive unit. While holding the telescope in the  
mounting belt, close belts and replace thumb-  
screws. Hand tighten thumbscrews to secure  
optical tube assembly in mounting belts.  
10. Screw eyepiece adapter onto the threaded  
end of rack and pinion focusing mechanism.  
Loosen thumbscrew on eyepiece adapter.  
Place desired eyepiece into eyepiece adapter.  
Tighten thumbscrew until snug to secure  
eyepiece.  
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SOME NOTES ON VIEWING  
Never look at the sun without using a solar filter. When using a solar filter,  
do not remove the full lenscap, view only through the small opening in the  
lenscap. Looking at the sun without proper use of a solar filter can cause  
permanent eye damage.  
When looking through the telescope, the image will appear to be upside-  
down and inverted. This results from the optical system design and is  
normal. This can be corrected by using a Schmidt or erecting prism when  
viewing.  
Use of the finderscope will help locate celestial objects more quickly as the  
finderscope has a much wider field of view than the telescope. When view-  
ing, start with the lowest power magnification and work up to the desired  
magnificaiton as this will simplify focusing greatly.  
When viewing faint deep sky objects, images will not show color. The hu-  
man eye is not able to distinguish the differences in color found in such dim  
images. The lack of color is due to human anatomy, not any limitations of  
telescope construction.  
FINDERSCOPE ALIGNMENT  
1. Insert the lowest power eyepiece into the eyepiece adapter. Focus eyepiece  
to view an easily recognizable distant object (car license plate, sign, table,  
etc.).  
2. Look through finderscope being careful not to move the telescope in any  
way. Adjust finderscope focus by turning the eyepiece of the finderscope  
back and forth until image is in focus. Check to see if the object viewed  
through the eyepiece lines up at the center of the finderscope crosshairs. If  
not, then your finderscope needs to be realigned.  
3. To align finderscope, loosen the thumbscrews which secure the find-  
erscope slightly. Gently move finderscope to center crosshairs on object.  
Tighten thumbscrews to secure finderscope in new position. This may take  
some time, but will make finding astronomical objects much easier when  
using your telescope.  
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USING THE CLOCK DRIVE  
The clock drive included with your telescope is designed to track the move-  
ment of stars. It will help keep stars in your field of view during long periods  
of viewing as long as the telescope is properly polar aligned and the clock  
drive is properly used. Do not be alarmed if you turn on the clock drive and  
do not see the telescope moving. Stars appear to move very slowly and the  
telescope may not apear to move over a short period of time. To see if your  
clock drive is working, aim the telescope at a stationary terrestrial object  
and engage the clock drive. Let the clock drive run for 10 to 15 minutes. If  
the object you had originally aimed the telescope at appears to have moved  
when looking through the eyepiece of the telescope, the clock drive is work-  
ing.  
CLOCK DRIVE SETTINGS  
The clock drive features two controls which can be set depending on your  
viewing location. The N-S switch is the hemisphere setting. If you are us-  
ing the telescope in the Northern Hemisphere, the switch should be set to  
N, in the Southern Hemisphere, the switch should be set to S. The speed  
setting should be adjusted while viewing to help keep stars centered in the  
field of view. You may have to increase or decrease your speed setting if  
stars appear to drift in your field of view. You will need to adjust the clock  
drive based on what you are looking at while viewing. As a general rule,  
the farther away from the celestial pole (closer to the horizon) an object that  
you are viewing is, the faster it will appear to move and the faster the clock  
drive speed will need to be set.  
MANUAL ADJUSTMENT WITH CLOCK DRIVE  
The clock drive included with your telescope should only be used to follow  
stars. When you would like to point your telescope at a different celestial  
object, you must disengage the clock drive. By loosening the thumbscrew  
on the clock drive R.A. axis, you will disengage the clock drive, protecting  
the clock drive and making manual adjustment easier. Manually adjusting  
the R.A. axis with the clock drive engaged may cause the coil which at-  
taches to the R.A. axis to bend, compromising the operation of the clock  
drive. When you would like to reengage the clock drive, simply tighten the  
thumbscrew and turn the clock drive on to begin tracking stars.  
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BEGINNING OBSERVATION  
For beginning observation, the moon is one of the easiest and most enjoy-  
able objects to view. You can acquaint yourself with the movements of the  
telescope by simply pointing the telescope at the moon and using the various  
adjustments to move the telescope.  
To point the telescope at the moon, loosen the R.A. and Dec. clamps (the  
thumbscrews located nearest the Hour Circle and Declination Circle on the  
mount), then gently move the optical tube assembly until it points at the  
moon. Retighten the R.A. and Dec. clamps before viewing.  
While viewing, use the R.A. and Dec. adjustment cables to move the tele-  
scope. Before using the R.A. cable, loosen the thumbscrew on the clock  
drive to free the R.A. axis and prevent damage to the clock drive. The ad-  
justment cables feature stops which allow a limited degree of adjustment. To  
move past a stop, loosen the clamp for the axis you would like to move and  
rotate the optical tube assembly past the stop. Be sure to retighten clamps  
before viewing to provide a steady image.  
If you notice resistance while moving the optical tube assembly, try adjusting  
the counterweight position up or down to properly balance the telescope.  
The optical tube assembly should move very easily. Do not force the optical  
tube assembly, as you may cause damage to the telescope.  
INTERMEDIATE OBSERVATION  
Once you are familiar with the basic movements and adjustments of the tele-  
scope, expand your exploration to other easy to find objects. Venus is one of  
the easiest to find planets as it is one of the brightest objects in the night sky.  
Local newspapers and planetariums are excellent resources for finding what  
planets should be visible in your area on any given night. Other resources  
are mentioned at the end of this manual.  
To find a planet, look around the sky to locate the planet with your naked  
eye first. Once you have located a planet, point the telescope at the planet.  
Center the planet in the finderscope by using the crosshairs. Once the planet  
is lined up in the finderscope, view the planet through the telescope using  
the lowest power (longest focal length) eyepiece. You may need to make  
slight adjustments to your aiming of the telescope and you will need to focus  
your eyepiece to properly view the planet.  
For a closer look at the planet, replace the low powered eyepiec with a higher  
powered one and refocus the telescope.  
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ADVANCED OBSERVATION  
STAR CHARTS AND SETTING CIRCLES  
Star charts and setting circles will allow you to find the location of  
any known celestial objects viewable by your telescope. By using the  
measurements listed on the mount and the coordinates provided in a  
star chart, you will be able to find stars, planets, nebulae, and galaxies  
for exploration with your telescope. In order to ensure that you can  
use the declination and right ascension coordinate system, you will  
need to first polar align your telescope for your viewing location.  
BEFORE GETTING STARTED  
Before you begin aligning your telescope, look at the mount and  
familiarize yourself with the various scales used in aligning your  
scope. The topmost scale on the mount is the declination scale,  
which shows the declination angle (between 0° and 90° each way) of  
what you are viewing. Slightly below the declination scale is the hour  
circle, which shows the right ascension (from 0 to 24 hours) of what  
you are viewing. The bottommost scale, located just above the base  
of the mount, is the latitude scale which shows latitude measurements  
from 0 to 90 degrees. In order to ensure that your measurements are  
correct when aligning your telescope, it is important to make sure  
that the base of your mount is level. If the base of the mount is not  
level, your measurements will be off and aligning will be much more  
difficult.  
POLAR ALIGNMENT OF YOUR TELESCOPE  
Polar alignment of your telescope uses easy to find stars to help you  
find the center of the celestial sphere. Before aligning your telescope,  
you must familiarize yourself with some of the major constellations  
in the night sky. For viewing in the Northern Hemisphere, knowing  
the locations of Polaris (the North Star) and the constellations Ursa  
Major (the Big Dipper) and Cassiopeia (the Queen) will allow you  
to properly align your telescope. In the Southern Hemisphere, you  
will need to use a star chart to find stars near the meridian and the ce-  
lestial equator so that you can use the star-drift method to polar align  
your telescope. Both Northern and Southern Hemisphere alignment  
are described here.  
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NORTHERN HEMISPHERE POLAR ALIGNMENT  
1. To align your telescope in the  
Northern Hemisphere, first find the  
location of Polaris in the night sky.  
You can easily find polaris by using  
the Big Dipper to “point” at Polaris.  
The two stars which make up the  
edge of the dipper in the Big Dip-  
per will roughly “point” at Polaris.  
You can also use the star at the end  
of the handle of the Big Dipper and  
the star on the edge of the shal-  
lower end of Cassiopeia to draw a  
line through Polaris. The illustration  
shows this.  
2. Loosen the declination axis by turning the declination thumbscrew. Turn  
the optical tube assembly so that the arrow on the declination scale points  
at 0°. Once the arrow points at 0°, the optical tube assembly is aligned with  
the mount’s polar axis.  
3. Loosen the mount base screw enough to enable turning the mount as-  
sembly. Turn the mount and optical tube assemblies together so that the  
front of the telescope faces north. You can use a compass to find magnetic  
north and then line up with Polaris (celestial north) or line up the front of  
the telescope in line with Polaris by imagining a straight line running from  
Polaris down to the horizon.  
4. Loosen the latitude adjustment screws. As you loosen the screws, you  
will notice the number on the latitude scale change. Adjust the latitude scale  
until Polaris is in the center of the viewfinder. Check that Polaris is in the  
center of the telescope’s field of view by looking through the focused eye-  
piece of the telescope. The number on the latitude scale should match the  
latitude of your viewing location. If there is a difference between the lati-  
tude of your viewing location and the number shown on the latitude scale,  
check to make sure that your tripod is level and realign.  
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SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE & STAR DRIFT POLAR ALIGNMENT  
Polar alignment in the Southern Hemisphere is more difficult that in the  
Northern Hemisphere because there is no corresponding pole star to use  
for alignment in the Southern Hemisphere. Polar aligning in the Southern  
Hemishpere is a two part process because of this. A rough alignment must  
first be made based on your viewing location. Then, a star drift alignment  
should be made to fine tune your alignment.  
ROUGH ALIGNMENT  
Begin by roughly aligning your telescope to the pole by using the mount’s  
latitude scale. Set the declination scale to 0° to align the optical tube asssem-  
bly with the mount’s polar axis. Check the latitude of your viewing location  
and set the latitude scale to the same number. For example, if you were view-  
ing from Sydney, Australia, you would point your telescope due south and  
set your latitude adjustment to 34°, since Sydney lies at 34°S latitude. this will  
point you roughly at the southern celestial pole.  
STAR DRIFT ALIGNMENT  
Star Drift alignment is more precise than polar star alignment, but may also  
prove to be more difficult to those not used to aligning a telescope. Once  
you polar align using the star drift method a few times, it becomes easier,  
but the first few times may take a considerable amount of time. For general  
viewing uses, the rough alignment described above may prove to be suf-  
ficient. The alignment procedure described below can be used to acheive  
more accurate alignment when needed. The alignment is described using a  
standard eyepiece without an erecting prism.  
1. Having already roughly aligned your telescope, loosen the declination  
clamp and swivel telescope until scale reads 90°, then retighten clamp.  
Loosen the right ascension clamp and rotate telescope so that it points 6  
hours away from the celestial pole and retighten clamp. The R.A. and Dec.  
adjustment cables may need to be temporarily removed in order to swivel  
the telescope freely. The telescope should now be pointing roughly where  
the meridian and celestial equator intersect.  
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2. Find a bright star in the viewfinder of your telescope and use the R.A.  
and Dec. adjustment cables to center it in the crosshairs. Work up to your  
most powerful eyepiece, centering the star in the viewfinder each time you  
replace the eyepiece.  
3. Engage the clock drive by tightening the thumbscrew which connects  
it to the R.A. axis of the mount. Turn on the clock drive, ensuring that it  
is set to the correct hemisphere setting. Let the clock drive run for about 5  
minutes.  
4. Look into the eyepiece after the clock drive has run for about 5 minutes  
to see which direction the star has drifted. If the star has drifted to the right  
(left in the Northern Hemisphere) in the eyepiece, the mount is pointed too  
far to the west. If the star has drifted to the left (right in the Northern Hemi-  
sphere), the mount is pointing too far to the east. To correct this, loosen the  
mount base screw and center the star in the eyepiece. Any drifting up or  
down in the eyepiece is a result of your clock drive speed setting and can be  
corrected by adjusting the clock drive speed.  
5. Unengage the clock drive. Loosen the right ascension clamp and rotate  
the telescope back 6 hours (opposite the direction you rotated it in step 1).  
Find a bright star in the viewfinder and center the star in the viewfinder.  
Center this star in the highest power eyepiece as you did with the previous  
star. Reengage the clock drive and turn it on, letting it run for another five  
minutes.  
6. Check to see which way this new star has drifted. If the star has drifted  
to the left (right in the Northern Hemisphere) in the eyepiece, the mount  
latitude setting is too low. If the star drifts to the right (left in the Northern  
Hemisphere) in the eyepiece, the mount latitude setting is too high. Adjust  
the latitude setting until the star is centered in the field of view. Again, any  
drifting up or down in the eyepiece is a result of your clock drive speed set-  
ting and can be corrected by adjusting the clock drive speed.  
7. Repeat this process as needed until you are satisfied with the alignment  
of the telescope. The more closely polar aligned your telescope is, the more  
accurate it will track stars.  
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FINDING CELESTIAL OBJECTS  
Once your telescope is polar aligned, you must set the hour circle in order  
to use the measurements listed on the mount to find celestial objects. Once  
the hour circle is properly set, you will be able to use the coordinates listed  
on star charts to find objects for viewing in the night sky. Setting the hour  
circle will require that you recognize and be able to find a star other than the  
ones used for alignment of the telescope.  
SETTING THE HOUR CIRCLE  
To set the hour circle, use a star which you are able to easily identify and  
have the coordinates for. In the Northern Hemisphere, Dubhe is a recogniz-  
able star which can be used for this. Dubhe is the pointer star in the Big Dip-  
per closest to Polaris and lies at 58°42’ Dec., 11h23m R.A.. In the Southern  
Hemisphere, Acrux is an easy to find star for setting the hour circle. Acrux is  
the closest star to the southern celestial pole in the Southern Cross and lies  
at -63°15’ Dec., 12h33m R.A..  
1. Loosen the declination clamp and rotate the telescope to the nearest de-  
gree of declination to the star you will be viewing (58° for Dubhe, -63° for  
Acrux). Retighten the clamp to lock the declination in place.  
2. Loosen the right ascension clamp and rotate the telescope on the R.A.  
axis until the star you are using to set the hour circle is near the center of the  
finderscope. Retighten the clamp to lock in the R.A. axis.  
3. Center the star in the eyepiece using the R.A. and Dec. adjustment cables.  
Once it is centered, turn the hour circle until the arrow points at the ap-  
propriate measurement for the star you are looking at (11h23m for Dubhe,  
12h33m for Acrux). This sets the hour circle to the appropriate setting for  
your viewing location and time.  
USING SETTING CIRCLES  
With the telescope polar aligned and the hour circle set, you can find celes-  
tial objects using star charts available in books or on the web. A star chart  
will normally consist of a map and an ephemeris. The ephemeris will tell  
you the celestial coordinates of an object. By using the hour circle and the  
declination circle, you can point your telescope at the objects you see on  
the star chart quickly and easily. You will probably need to fine tune your  
aiming with the adjustment cables when you view a new star, but the use of  
celestial coordinates will make finding the objects you would like to look at  
considerably easier.  
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ASTRONOMY FOMULAE  
Magnification  
To determine the magnification of a telescope and eyepiece combina-  
tion, divide the telescope focal length be the eyepiece focal length.  
Magnification (x) = Telescope Focal Length (mm)/Eyepiece Focal Length (mm)  
Ex: 6.3mm Eyepiece with a 114x1000mm telescope.  
Magnification = 1000mm/20mm  
Magnification = 50x  
Focal Ratio  
To determine the focal ratio of a telescope, divide the focal length of  
the telescope by the aperture.  
Focal Ratio (F/x)= Telescope Focal Length (mm)/Aperture (mm)  
Ex: Focal Ratio of a 114x1000mm telescope.  
Focal Ratio (F/x)= 1000mm/114mm  
Focal Ratio (F/x)= F/8.8  
Limiting Magnitude  
To determine the limiting magnitude of a telescope, use the aperture in  
the following formula for an approximation.  
Limiting Magnitude = 7.5 + 5LOG(Aperture in cm)  
Ex: Limiting Magnitude of a 114x1000mm telescope.  
Limiting Magnitude = 7.5 + 5LOG(11.4cm)  
Limiting Magnitude = 7.5 + (5 x 1.057)  
Limiting Magnitude = 12.785  
Resolving Power  
To determine the resolving power of a telescope under ideal conditions,  
divide the aperture into 4.56.  
Resolving Power = 4.56/Aperture (in.)  
Ex: Resolving Power of a 114x1000mm telescope.  
Aperture (in.) = 114mm/25.4 = 4.49  
Resolving Power = 4.56/4.49in.  
Resolving Power = 1.02  
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ASTRONOMY TERMINOLOGY  
DECLINATION (DEC.) - The astronomical equivalent of latitude. Declination describes the  
angle of a celestial object above or below the celestial equator. The sky over the northern  
hemisphere has a positive declination. The sky over the Southern hemisphere has a negative  
declination. For example, Polaris (the North Star) which lies nearly directly over the North  
Pole, has a declination value of 90°.  
RIGHT ASCENSION (R.A.) - The astronomical equivalent of longitude. Right Ascension mea-  
sures the degree of distance of a star to the east of where the ecliptic crosses the celestial  
equator. R.A. is measured in hours, minutes, and seconds as opposed to degrees. As oposed  
to the term meridian which is used in referring to lines of longitude, right ascension is  
referred to as hour circles. There are 24 hour circles of right ascension which run from the  
north to south celestial poles.  
CELESTIAL EQUATOR - The celestial equator is the line of declination which lies directly above  
the Earth’s equator. The celestial equator lies halfway between the north and south celestial  
poles and serves as the 0° point in measuring declination.  
ECLIPTIC - The ecliptic is the apparent path of the sun through the sky over the course of the  
year. Since we view the sun from different angles throughout the year, it appears to move  
in relation to other stars. The vernal (spring) and autumnal (fall) equinoxes lie at the points  
where the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator. The vernal equinox is where right ascension  
is at 0 h (hours). The autumnal equinox can be found at 12 h R.A..  
ZENITH - The zenith is the point in the celestial sphere directly above your head. The zenith  
varies depending upon your location. In general, the declination point of your zenith is  
equal to the latitude at which you are standing on Earth.  
EPHEMERIS - The ephemeris of a planet or the sun or the moon is a table giving the coordi-  
nates of the object at regular intervals of time. The coordinates will be listed using declina-  
tion and right ascension. Other information such as distance and magnitude may be listed  
in ephemerides (plural of ephemeris).  
ALTITUDE - The altitude of a celestial object is the angular distance of that object above the  
horizon. The maximum possible altitude is the altitude of an object at the zenith, 90°. The  
altitude of an object on the horizon is 0°. Altitude is measured from your point of observa-  
tion and does not directly correlate to points on the celestial sphere.  
AZIMUTH - Azimuth is the angular distance around the horizon measured eastward in de-  
grees from the North Horizon Point. Thus the North Horizon Point lies at an azimuth of  
0°, while the East Horizon Point lies at 90°, and the South Horizon Point at 180°. Azimuth  
is measured from the point of observation and does not directly correspond to points on  
the celestial sphere.  
ANGULAR DISTANCE - Angular distance is the size of the angle through which a telescope  
tube aiming at one object must be turned in order to aim at the another object. If you must  
rotate the telescope from the zenith to the horizon, the angular distance between the two  
points would be 90°.  
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TELESCOPE TERMINOLOGY  
OBJECTIVE - The objective is the front lens of a telescope. The measurement listed for objec-  
tive lenses is the diameter of the lens. A larger objective allows more light to enter a telescope  
and provides a brighter image. The objective diameter is also sometimes referred to as the  
aperature of a telescope.  
FOCAL LENGTH - The focal length of a telescope is the distance from the point where light  
enters a telescope (the objective) to the point where the image is in focus. In telescopes  
with the same size objective, a longer focal length will provide higher magnification and a  
smaller field of view.  
MAGNIFICATION - The magnification of a telescope is determined by the relationship between  
the focal length of the telescope and the focal length of the eyepiece used. The greater the  
difference in focal lengths, the greater the magnification. A telescope has a maximum use-  
ful magnification of about 60 times the diameter of the objective in inches. Magnification  
beyond the maximum useful magnification will provide dim, low-contrast images.  
FOCAL RATIO - The focal ratio of a telescope describes the ratio between the focal length  
and objective size of a telescope. Visually, the smaller the focal ratio (also called f-stop) of a  
telescope, the wider the field of view. Photographically, the lower the f-stop, the shorter the  
exposure time needed to capture an object on film.  
LIMITING MAGNITUDE - The limiting magnitude of a telescope describes the faintest object  
you can see with a telescope. The magnitude of a star describes its brightness. The larger the  
magnitude of an object, the fainter it appears to be. The brightest stars have a magnitude  
of 0 or less.  
RESOLVING POWER - The resolving power, or Dawes’ Limit, of a telescope is the ability  
to view closely spaced objects through a telescope. The resolving power of a telescope is  
measured in seconds of arc. The smaller the resolving power, the better you will be able to  
separate binary stars when viewing through your telescope.  
ABERRATION - Aberrations are degradations in image which may occur due to optical system  
design or improper alignment of optical system components. The most common types  
of aberration are chromatic aberration, spherical abberation, coma, astigmatism, and field  
curvature.  
COLLIMATION - Collimation is the alignment of optical components within an optical system.  
Improper collimation will distort an image and may result in abberations present in the im-  
age. Most reflector telescopes have collimation adjustments which can be made in order to  
reduce aberrations and image distortion.  
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THE ZHUMELL WARRANTY  
We have designed Zhumell products to be durable and to offer excellent value.  
Because we think it is important to stand behind that statement what follows are  
the details of our warranty, one of the best warranties in the industry.  
Your Zhumell has a 3-year warranty. For the warranty to be valid, the Zhumell  
must be registered. This can be done quickly and easily at www.zhumell.com or  
by calling: 800.922.2063.  
To obtain warranty service the damaged Zhumell must be returned to Zhumell  
along with $25 to cover shipping and handling.  
When you return your Zhumell to us please send a letter that explains the problem.  
This is important. Sometimes the problem is obvious as when we open a box and  
the pieces fall out. However, sometimes Zhumell owners are particular (that is why  
we love you) and a flaw that you have noticed may be hard to find by our techni-  
cian. A letter will speed up the warranty process and save a phone call. (Oh, yes,  
please include your phone number and an address!)  
Since we are constantly searching for the best products, we may have improved or  
changed our Zhumell products from the time you first obtained yours, therefore it  
is our option to repair or replace the Zhumells you sent us. (Please note that the  
maximum limit of liability for losses or damage from any cause shall be the price  
paid for the Zhumell. )  
REPAIR CHECKLIST  
I. Box your Zhumell securely.  
II. Include a note explaining the reason the Zhumell needs repair.  
III. Include your daytime phone number.  
IV. Include an address for returning your Zhumell to you.  
V. Include a check or money order for $25, made out to Zhumell.  
We recommend that you send your unit to us by way of UPS or FedEx. This pro-  
vides a tracking number should your unit become lost or damaged.  
Our address is on the back...  
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ZHUMELL ASTRONOMICAL PRODUCTS  
REFRACTOR TELESCOPES  
60x350 Ion  
60x600 Zenith  
REFLECTOR TELESCOPES  
Eclipse 114  
Hubble Telescope Image  
ASTRONOMICAL BINOCULARS  
20x80 Super Giant  
25x100 Tachyon  
TELESCOPE EYEPIECES  
PLOSSL  
0.965“ 6.3mm Plössl  
0.965“ 7.5mm Plössl  
0.965“ 10mm Plössl  
SUPER PLOSSL  
0.965“ 12.5mm Plössl  
1.25“ 3.6mm Super Plössl  
0.965“ 17mm Plössl  
1.25“ 6.3mm Super Plössl  
1.25“ 10mm Super Plössl  
1.25“ 20mm Super Plössl  
1.25“ 25mm Super Plössl  
0.965“ 20mm Plössl  
0.965“ 25mm Plössl  
1.25“ 6.3mm Plössl  
1.25“ 7.5mm Plössl  
1.25“ 10mm Plössl  
1.25“ 12.5mm Plössl  
1.25“ 17mm Plössl  
1.25“ 20mm Plössl  
1.25“ 25mm Plössl  
1.25“ 32mm Plössl  
1.25“ 40mm Plössl  
ZOOM  
1.25“ 7-21mm Plössl Zoom  
1.25“ 8-24mm Plössl Zoom  
IMAGE DIAGONALS  
1.25“ to 1.25“ 90° Diagonal Prism  
ERECT IMAGE PRISMS  
0.965“ to 0.965“ 45° Erect Image Prism  
1.25“ to 0.965“ 45° Erect Image Prism  
1.25“ to 1.25“ 45° Erect Image Prism  
BARLOW LENSES  
1.25“ 2x Barlow  
Photo by jason Baumgarth  
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Please enjoy your Zhumell telescope. If you have  
any questions, comments, or stories about expe-  
riences with your Zhumell telescope, we would  
like to hear them. We are confident that you will  
be pleased with your new Zhumells and hope to  
hear from you soon.  
SPORT OPTICS  
(800)922-2063  
HTTP://WWW.ZHUMELL.COM  
INFO@ZHUMELL.COM  
30 E. SUPERIOR ST.  
DULUTH, MN 55802  
USA  
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