Toshiba Network Card F Series User Manual
The Rockbox Manual  
for  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
rockbox.org  
December 23, 2008  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
Contents  
3
Contents  
1 Introduction  
9
9
9
1.1 Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
1.2 Getting more help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
1.3 Naming conventions and marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
2 Installation 11  
2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
2.2 Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
2.3 Installing Rockbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
2.3.1 Automated Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
2.3.2 Manual Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
2.3.3 Enabling Speech Support (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
2.4 Running Rockbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
2.5 Updating Rockbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
2.6 Uninstalling Rockbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  
2.6.1 Automatic Uninstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  
2.6.2 Manual Uninstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  
3 Quick Start  
17  
3.1 Basic Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
3.1.1 The player’s controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
3.1.2 Turning the player on and off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  
3.1.3 Putting music on your player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  
3.1.4 The first contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  
3.1.5 Basic controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19  
3.1.6 Basic concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19  
3.2 Customising Rockbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  
3.3 Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  
4 Browsing and playing  
21  
4.1 File Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  
4.1.1 File Browser Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22  
4.1.2 Context Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22  
4.1.3 Virtual Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  
4.2 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
4.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
4.2.2 Initializing the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Contents  
4
4.2.3 The Database Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26  
4.2.4 Using the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
4.3 While Playing Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28  
4.3.1 WPS Key Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
4.3.2 Peak Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
4.3.3 The WPS Context Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
4.4 Working with Playlists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
4.4.1 Playlist terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
4.4.2 Creating playlists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33  
4.4.3 Adding music to playlists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34  
4.4.4 Modifying playlists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35  
4.4.5 Saving playlists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36  
4.4.6 Loading saved playlists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36  
4.4.7 Helpful Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36  
5 The Main Menu  
37  
5.1 Introducing the Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37  
5.2 Navigating the Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38  
5.3 Recent Bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38  
5.4 Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38  
5.5 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38  
5.6 Now Playing/Resume Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38  
5.7 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
5.7.1 Sound Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
5.7.2 Playback Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
5.7.3 General Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
5.7.4 Manage Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
5.7.5 Theme Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
5.8 Playlist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
5.9 Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  
5.10 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  
5.11 Quick Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41  
6 Sound Settings  
42  
6.1 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42  
6.2 Bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
6.3 Treble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
6.4 Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
6.5 Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
6.6 Stereo Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
6.7 Crossfeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44  
6.8 Equalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  
6.9 Dithering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Contents  
5
7 Playback Settings  
48  
7.1 Shuffle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48  
7.2 Repeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48  
7.3 Play Selected First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
7.4 Fast-Forward/Rewind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
7.5 Anti-Skip Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
7.6 Fade on Stop/Pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
7.7 Party Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
7.8 Crossfade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
7.9 Replaygain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51  
7.10 Beep Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51  
7.11 Auto-Change Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51  
7.12 Pause on Headphone Unplug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52  
7.13 Last.fm Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52  
7.14 Cuesheet Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52  
7.15 Skip Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53  
8 General Settings  
54  
8.1 Playlist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54  
8.2 File View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54  
8.3 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56  
8.4 Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56  
8.5 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58  
8.5.1 Start Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58  
8.5.2 Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58  
8.5.3 Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59  
8.5.4 Idle Poweroff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59  
8.5.5 Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59  
8.5.6 Car Adapter Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60  
8.5.7 Button Light Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60  
8.5.8 Button Light Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60  
8.6 Bookmarking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60  
8.7 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61  
8.8 Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62  
9 Theme Settings  
64  
10 Plugins  
66  
10.1 Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66  
10.1.1 Blackjack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67  
10.1.2 BrickMania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68  
10.1.3 Bubbles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70  
10.1.4 Chessbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71  
10.1.5 Chopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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10.1.6 Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72  
10.1.7 Doom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73  
10.1.8 Flipit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75  
10.1.9 Jewels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76  
10.1.10MazezaM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77  
10.1.11Minesweeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78  
10.1.12Pacbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79  
10.1.13Pegbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81  
10.1.14Pong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82  
10.1.15Robotfindskitten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83  
10.1.16Rockblox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84  
10.1.17Rockblox1d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85  
10.1.18Sliding Puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85  
10.1.19Snake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86  
10.1.20Snake 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87  
10.1.21Sokoban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88  
10.1.22Solitaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90  
10.1.23Spacerocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91  
10.1.24Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92  
10.1.25Sudoku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93  
10.1.26Wormlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95  
10.1.27Xobox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98  
10.2 Demos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99  
10.2.1 Bounce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99  
10.2.2 Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100  
10.2.3 Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100  
10.2.4 Demystify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101  
10.2.5 Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102  
10.2.6 Logo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102  
10.2.7 Mandelbrot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103  
10.2.8 Mosaique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104  
10.2.9 Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105  
10.2.10Plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106  
10.2.11Snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107  
10.2.12Starfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108  
10.2.13VU meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109  
10.3 Viewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109  
10.3.1 Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110  
10.3.2 Chip-8 Emulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111  
10.3.3 JPEG viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112  
10.3.4 Midiplay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112  
10.3.5 MPEG Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113  
10.3.6 PPM viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114  
10.3.7 Rockboy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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10.3.8 Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116  
10.3.9 Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116  
10.3.10Text Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116  
10.3.11VBRfix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118  
10.3.12ZXBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118  
10.4 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120  
10.4.1 Battery Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120  
10.4.2 Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122  
10.4.3 Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122  
10.4.4 Chess Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123  
10.4.5 Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125  
10.4.6 Disk Tidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127  
10.4.7 Keybox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128  
10.4.8 Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128  
10.4.9 md5sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128  
10.4.10Metronome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128  
10.4.11Random Folder Advance Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129  
10.4.12Stats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130  
10.4.13Stopwatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131  
10.4.14Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131  
11 Advanced Topics  
133  
11.1 Customising the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133  
11.1.1 Getting Extras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133  
11.1.2 Loading Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133  
11.1.3 Loading Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133  
11.1.4 Changing Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133  
11.1.5 Changing Filetype Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134  
11.1.6 Loading Backdrops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134  
11.2 Configuring the WPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134  
11.2.1 WPS – General Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134  
11.2.2 WPS – Build Your Own . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134  
11.3 Managing Rockbox Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137  
11.3.1 Introduction to .cfg Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137  
11.3.2 Specifications for .cfg Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138  
11.3.3 The Manage Settings menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139  
11.4 Firmware Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139  
11.4.1 Using ROLO (Rockbox Loader) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139  
A File formats  
140  
A.1 Supported file formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140  
A.2 Supported audio formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141  
B WPS Tags  
142  
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Contents  
8
B.1 Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142  
B.2 ID3 Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142  
B.3 Power Related Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143  
B.4 File Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143  
B.5 Playlist/Song Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144  
B.6 Runtime Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144  
B.7 Sound (DSP) settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144  
B.8 Virtual LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145  
B.9 Repeat Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145  
B.10 Playback Mode Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145  
B.11 Changing Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145  
B.12 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146  
B.13 Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147  
B.14 Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148  
B.15 Conditional Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148  
B.16 Real Time Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149  
B.17 Other Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149  
C Config file options  
150  
D User feedback  
154  
D.1 Bug reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154  
D.1.1 Rules for submitting new bug reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154  
D.2 Feature ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154  
D.2.1 Rules for submitting a new feature idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154  
D.2.2 Features we will not implement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155  
E Changelog  
156  
E.1 What is new since v3.0? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156  
E.1.1 New features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156  
E.1.2 Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156  
E.2 What is new since v2.5? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156  
E.2.1 New features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156  
E.2.2 Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158  
E.2.3 New codecs supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158  
F Credits  
160  
G Licenses  
163  
G.1 GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163  
G.2 The GNU General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171  
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Chapter 1. Introduction  
9
1 Introduction  
1.1 Welcome  
This is the manual for Rockbox. Rockbox is an open source firmware replacement  
for a growing number of digital audio players. Rockbox aims to be considerably more  
functional and efficient than your device’s stock firmware while remaining easy to use  
and customisable. Rockbox is written by users, for users. Not only is it free to use, it  
is also released under the GNU General Public License (GPL), which means that it will  
always remain free both to use and to change.  
Rockbox has been in development since 2001, and receives new features, tweaks and  
fixes each day to provide you with the best possible experience on your digital audio  
player. A major goal of Rockbox is to be simple and easy to use, yet remain very  
customisable and configurable. We believe that you should never need to go through a  
series of menus for an action you perform frequently. We also believe that you should  
be able to configure almost anything about Rockbox you could want, pertaining to  
functionality. Another top priority of Rockbox is audio playback quality – Rockbox,  
for most models, includes a wider range of sound settings than the device’s original  
firmware. A lot of work has been put into making Rockbox sound the best it can, and  
improvements are constantly being made. All models have access to a large number  
of plugins, including many games, applications, and graphical “demos”. You can load  
different configurations quickly for different purposes (e.g. a large font for in your car,  
different sound settings for at home). Rockbox features a very wide range of languages,  
and all supported models also have the ability to talk to you – menus can be voiced and  
filenames spelled out or spoken.  
1.2 Getting more help  
This manual is intended to be a comprehensive introduction to the Rockbox firmware.  
There is, however, more help available. The Rockbox website at http://www.rockbox.org/  
contains very extensive documentation and guides written by members of the Rockbox  
community and this should be your first port of call when looking for further help.  
If you cannot find the information you are searching for on the Rockbox website there  
are a number of support channels you should have a look at. You can try the Rockbox  
forums located at http://forums.rockbox.org/. Another option are the mailing lists which  
can be found at http://www.rockbox.org/mail/. From that page you can subscribe to the  
lists and browse the archives. For searching the list archives simply use the search field  
that is located on the left side of the website. Also you can ask on IRC. The main  
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Chapter 1. Introduction  
10  
channel for Rockbox is #rockbox on irc://irc.freenode.net. A bunch of helpful developers  
and users are usually around. Just join and ask – if someone knows the answer you’ll  
usually get an answer pretty quickly. More information including IRC logs can be found  
at http://www.rockbox.org/irc/. We also have a web client for joining the rockbox IRC  
channel so there is no need for you to install additional software to your computer.  
If you think you have found a bug please make sure it actually is a bug and is still  
present in the most recent version of rockbox. You should try to confirm that by using  
the above mentioned support channels first. After that you can submit that issue to our  
tracker. Refer to section D (page 154) for details on how to use the tracker.  
1.3 Naming conventions and marks  
We have some conventions especially on naming that are intended to be consistent  
throughout this manual.  
Manufacturer and product names are formatted in accordance with the standard rules  
of English grammar, e.g. “Toshiba playback is currently unsupported”. Manufacturer  
and model names are proper nouns, and thus are written beginning with a capital letter.  
This manual has some parts that are marked with icons on the margin to help you  
finding important parts or parts you could skip. The following icons are used:  
Note: This indicates a note. A note starts always with the text “Note”. For easier  
finding of notes we have put this an icon in the margin like here. Notes are used to  
mark information that could help you or indicate a possible “weirdness” in rockbox that  
would be explained.  
b
!
¸
Warning: This is a warning. In contrast to notes mentioned above, a warning should be  
taken more seriously. While ignoring notes will not cause any serious damage ignoring  
warnings could cause serious damage. If you are new to rockbox you should really read  
the warnings before doing anything that is warned about.  
This icon marks a section that is intended especially for the blind and visually impaired.  
As they cannot read the manual in the same way sighted people do we have added some  
additional descriptions. If you are not blind or visually impaired you most likely can  
completely skip these blocks. To make this easier, there is an icon shown in the margin  
on the right.  
Links to the wiki are abbreviated by the name of the wiki page. Those names are still  
linked so you can simply follow them like any other link in this manual. If you want to  
access a wiki page manually go to Z http://www.rockbox.org/wiki/ and type the page  
name in the “Go” box at the top of the page. Links to wiki pages are also indicated by  
the symbol Z in front of the page name.  
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Chapter 2. Installation  
11  
2 Installation  
2.1 Overview  
There are two ways of installing Rockbox: automated and manual. While the manual  
way is older, more tested and proven to work correctly, the automated installation is  
based on a nice graphical application that does almost everything for you. It is still  
important that you have an overview of the installation process to be able to select the  
correct installation options.  
There are three separate components, two of which need to be installed in order to  
run Rockbox:  
The Toshiba bootloader. The Toshiba bootloader is the program that tells your player  
how to load and start the original firmware. It is also responsible for any emergency,  
recovery, or disk modes on your player. This bootloader is stored in special flash  
memory in your Toshiba and comes factory-installed. It is not necessary to modify  
this in order to install Rockbox.  
The Rockbox bootloader. The Rockbox bootloader is loaded from disk by the Toshiba  
bootloader. It is responsible for loading the Rockbox firmware and for providing  
the dual boot function. It directly replaces the Toshiba firmware in the player’s  
boot sequence.  
Note: Dual boot does not currently work on the Gigabeat.  
b
The Rockbox firmware. Similar to the Toshiba firmware, most of the Rockbox code is  
contained in a “build” that resides on your player’s drive. This makes it easy to  
update Rockbox. The build consists of a directory called .rockbox which contains  
all of the Rockbox files, and is located in the root of your player’s drive.  
Apart from the required parts there are some addons you might be interested in  
installing.  
Fonts. Rockbox can load custom fonts. The fonts are distributed as a separate package  
and thus need to be installed separately. They are not required to run Rockbox  
itself but a lot of themes require the fonts package to be installed.  
Themes. The view of Rockbox can be customized by themes. Depending on your taste  
you might want to install additional themes to change the look of Rockbox.  
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Chapter 2. Installation  
12  
2.2 Prerequisites  
Before installing Rockbox you should make sure you meet the prerequisites. You may  
need some additional tools for installation. In most cases these will already be available  
on your computer, but if not, installing some additional software might be necessary.  
USB connection. To transfer Rockbox to your player you need to connect it to your  
computer. For manual installation/uninstallation, or should autodetection fail  
during automatic installation, you need to know where to access the player. On  
Windows this means you need to figure out the drive letter associated with the  
player. On Linux you need to know the mount point of your player.  
Warning: During installation, do not connect your player using the cradle but  
plug the USB cable directly to the player.  
!
For manual installation and customization additional software is required.  
ZIP utility. Rockbox is distributed as a compressed archive using the .zip format. Your  
computer will normally already have a means of handling such archive files. Win-  
dows XP has built-in support for .zip files and presents them to you as directories  
unless you have installed a third party program that handles compressed files. For  
other operating systems this may vary. If the .zip file format is not recognised on  
your computer you can find a program to handle them at http://www.info-zip.org/  
or http://sevenzip.sf.net/, both of which can be downloaded and used free of charge.  
Text editor. As you will see in the following chapters, Rockbox is highly configurable.  
In addition to saving configurations, Rockbox also allows you to create customised  
configuration files. If you would like to edit custom configuration files on your  
computer, you will need a text editor like Windows’ “Wordpad”.  
2.3 Installing Rockbox  
2.3.1 Automated Installation  
To automatically install Rockbox, download the official installer and housekeeping tool  
Rockbox Utility. It allows you to:  
• Automatically install all needed components for using Rockbox (“Small Installa-  
tion”)  
• Automatically install all suggested components (“Full Installation”)  
• Selectively install optional components  
• Install additional themes  
• Install voice files and generate talk clips  
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Chapter 2. Installation  
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• Uninstall all components you installed using Rockbox Utility  
Prebuilt binaries for Windows, Linux and MacOS X are available at the ZRockboxUtility  
wiki page.  
Warning: When first starting Rockbox Utility run “Autodetect”, found in the con-  
figuration dialog (File → Configure). Autodetection can detect most player types. If  
autodetection fails or is unable to detect the mountpoint, make sure to enter the correct  
values. The mountpoint indicates the location of the player in your filesystem. On Win-  
dows, this is the drive letter the player gets assigned, on other systems this is a path in  
the filesystem.  
!
b
Note: Rockbox Utility currently lacks some guiding messages. Please have a look at the  
manual installation instructions if you are stuck during installation.  
2.3.2 Manual Installation  
Choosing a Rockbox version  
There are three different types of firmware binaries available from the Rockbox website:  
Release version, current build and daily build. You need to decide which one you want  
to install and get the appropriate version for your player.  
Release. The release version is the latest stable release, free of known critical bugs. The  
current stable release of Rockbox, version 3.1, is available at http://www.rockbox.  
org/download/.  
Current Build. The current build is built at each source code change to the Rockbox  
SVN repository and represents the current state of Rockbox development. This  
means that the build could contain bugs but most of the time is safe to use. You  
can download the current build from http://build.rockbox.org/.  
Archived Build. In addition to the release version and the current build, there is also  
an archive of daily builds available for download. These are built once a day from  
the latest source code in the SVN repository. You can download archived builds  
from http://www.rockbox.org/daily.shtml.  
Warning: Because current builds and daily builds are development versions which  
change frequently, they may behave differently than described in this manual, or they  
may introduce new (and maybe annoying) bugs. If you do not want to get undefined  
behaviour from your player, you should stick to the current stable release if there is one  
for your player. If you want to help with project development, you can try development  
builds and help by reporting bugs. Just be aware that these are development builds that  
are highly functional but not perfect!  
!
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Chapter 2. Installation  
14  
Installing the firmware  
1. Download your chosen version of Rockbox from the links in the previous section.  
2. Connect your player to the computer via USB as described in the manual that  
came with your player.  
3. Take the .zip file that you downloaded and use the “Extract all” command of  
your unzip program to extract the files onto your player.  
Note: The entire contents of the .zip file should be extracted directly to the root  
of your player’s drive. Do not try to create a separate directory on your player  
for the Rockbox files! The .zip file already contains the internal structure that  
Rockbox needs.  
b
b
Note: If the contents of the .zip file are extracted correctly, you will have a directory  
called .rockbox, which contains all the files needed by Rockbox, in the main directory  
of your player’s drive. If you receive a “-1” error when you start Rockbox, you have not  
extracted the contents of the .zip file to the proper location.  
Installing the fonts package  
Rockbox has a fonts package that is available at http://www.rockbox.org/daily.shtml or  
from the extras link in the menu on the Rockbox website. While the current builds  
and daily builds change frequently, the fonts package rarely changes and is therefore not  
included in these builds. When installing Rockbox for the first time, you should install  
the fonts package. The release version, on the other hand, does not change, so fonts are  
included with it.  
1. Download the fonts package from the link above.  
2. Take the file that you downloaded above, and use the “Extract all” command  
of your unzip program to extract the files in the .zip file onto your player. As  
with the firmware installation, the entire contents of the fonts .zip should be  
extracted directly to the root of your player’s drive. Do not try to create a separate  
directory on your player for the fonts! The .zip already contains the correct  
internal structure.  
Installing the bootloader  
Installing the bootloader is only needed once. It simply requires you to replace a file  
on your player with the Rockbox bootloader. To be able booting the original firmware  
please make sure to rename the original file properly. If you ever wish to uninstall  
Rockbox you should keep a backup copy of the original file.  
• Download the Rockbox bootloader from http://download.rockbox.org/bootloader/  
gigabeat/  
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Chapter 2. Installation  
15  
• Starting at the root directory of your player browse into the directory GBSYSTEM  
and from that into the subdirectory FWIMG. These directories are hidden. Make  
sure that you have configured your browser to show hidden files or you may be  
unable to see FWIMG.  
• In that directory you’ll find a file called FWIMG01.DAT. This too may be hidden.  
Rename the file to FWIMG01.DAT.ORIG. Make sure you spelled that name correctly  
as it is needed for booting the Toshiba firmware.  
• Now copy the file FWIMG01.DAT you downloaded to that directory. Make sure the  
spelling is correct.  
Warning: After installing the bootloader you need to power-cycle the player by doing  
the following steps. Failure to do so may result in problems.  
!
• Eject / unmount USB drive and unplug the USB cable.  
• Unplug any power adapter.  
• Hold the Power button to turn off the player.  
• Slide the battery switch located on the bottom of the player from ‘on’ to ‘off’  
• Slide the battery switch back from ‘off’ to ‘on’  
2.3.3 Enabling Speech Support (optional)  
If you wish to use speech support you will also need a voice file, English ones are available  
from http://www.rockbox.org/daily.shtml. Download the “voice” package for your player  
and unzip it directly to the root of your player. You should now find an english.voice  
in the /.rockbox/langs directory on your player. Voice menus are enabled by default  
and will come into effect after a reboot. See section 8.8 (page 62) for details on voice  
settings.  
2.4 Running Rockbox  
Remove your player from the computer’s USB port. Unplug any connected power supply  
and turn the unit off. When you next turn the unit on, Rockbox should load. When  
you see the Rockbox splash screen, Rockbox is loaded and ready for use.  
2.5 Updating Rockbox  
Updating Rockbox is easy even if you do not use the Rockbox Utility. Download a  
Rockbox build. (The latest release of the Rockbox software will always be available  
from http://www.rockbox.org/download/). Unzip the build to the root directory of your  
player like you did in the installation stage. If your unzip program asks you whether to  
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Chapter 2. Installation  
16  
overwrite files, choose the “Yes to all” option. The new build will be installed over your  
current build.  
Note: If you use Rockbox Utility be aware that it cannot detect manually installed  
components.  
b
2.6 Uninstalling Rockbox  
2.6.1 Automatic Uninstallation  
You can uninstall Rockbox automatically by using Rockbox Utility. If you installed  
Rockbox manually you can still use Rockbox Utility for uninstallation but will not be  
able to do this selectively.  
2.6.2 Manual Uninstallation  
If you wish to clean up your disk, you may also wish to delete the .rockbox directory  
and its contents. Turn the Toshiba off. Turn the player back on and the original Toshiba  
software will load.  
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Chapter 3. Quick Start  
17  
3 Quick Start  
3.1 Basic Overview  
3.1.1 The player’s controls  
Throughout this manual, the buttons on the player are labelled according to the  
picture above. Whenever a button name is prefixed by “Long”, a long press of approx-  
imately one second should be performed on that button. The buttons are described in  
detail in the following paragraph.  
Additional information for blind users is available on the Rockbox website at ZBlindFAQ.  
Hold the player with the screen on top and the controls on the right hand side. Below  
the screen is a cross-shaped touch sensitive pad which contains the Up, Down, Left  
and Right controls. On the top of the unit from left to right are the power socket, the  
Hold switch, and the headphone socket. The Hold switch puts the player into hold  
mode when it is switched to the right of the unit. The buttons will have no effect when  
this is the case.  
¸
Starting from the left hand side on the bottom of the unit, nearer to the front than  
the back, is a recessed switch which controls whether the battery is on or off. When this  
switch is to the left, the battery is disconnected. This can be used for a hard reset of  
the unit, or if the player is being placed in storage. Next to that is a connector for the  
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Chapter 3. Quick Start  
18  
docking station and finally on the right hand side of the bottom of the unit is a mini  
USB socket for connecting directly to USB.  
Finally on the right hand side of the unit are some control buttons. Going from the  
bottom of the unit to the top there is a small round A buttton then a rocker volume  
switch with of the Volume down button below the Volume up button. Above that is  
are two more small round buttons, the Menu button and nearest to the top of the unit  
the Power button, which is held down to turn the player on or off.  
3.1.2 Turning the player on and off  
To turn on and off your Rockbox enabled player use the following keys:  
Key  
Action  
Power  
Start Rockbox  
Long Power  
Shutdown Rockbox  
On shutdown, Rockbox automatically saves its settings.  
If you have problems with your settings, such as accidentally having set the colours to  
black on black, they can be reset at boot time. See the Reset Settings in section 11.3.3  
(page 139) for details.  
In the unlikely event of a software failure, hardware poweroff or reset can be performed  
by holding down the battery switch until the player shuts off or reboots.  
3.1.3 Putting music on your player  
With the player connected to the computer as an MSC/UMS device (like a USB Drive),  
music files can be put on the player via any standard file transfer method that you would  
use to copy files between drives (e.g. Drag ’n’ Drop). The default directory structure  
that is assumed by some parts of Rockbox (album art searching, and missing-tag fallback  
in some WPSes) uses the parent directory of a song as the Album name, and the parent  
directory of that folder as the Artist name. While files may be organized however you  
like, the ZAlbumArt wiki page explains the requirement for Album Art to work properly,  
and WPSes may display information incorrectly if your files are not properly tagged, and  
you have your music organized in a way different than they assume when attempting to  
guess the Artist and Album names from your filetree. See section A.2 (page 141) for  
a list of supported audio formats.  
3.1.4 The first contact  
After you have first started the player you’ll be presented by the Main Menu. From  
this menu you can reach every function of Rockbox, for more information (see section 5.1  
(page 37)). To browse the files on you player select Files (see section 4.1 (page 21)), and  
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Chapter 3. Quick Start  
19  
to browse in a view that is based on the meta-data1 of your audio files, select Database  
(see section 4.2 (page 25)).  
3.1.5 Basic controls  
When browsing files and moving through menus you usually get a list view presented.  
The navigation in these lists are usually the same and should be pretty intuitive. In the  
tree view use Down and Up to move around the selection. Use Select or Right to  
select an item. When browsing the file system selecting an audio file plays it. The view  
switches to the “While playing screen”, usually abbreviated as “WPS” (see section 4.3  
(page 28). The dynamic playlist gets replaced with the contents of the current directory.  
This way you can easily treat directories as playlists. The created dynamic playlist can  
be extended or modified while playing. This is also known as “on-the-fly playlist”. To  
go back to the File Browser stop the playback with the Power button or return to  
the file browser while keeping playback running using Select. In list views you can go  
back one step with Left.  
3.1.6 Basic concepts  
Playlists  
Rockbox is playlist oriented. This means that every time you play an audio file, a so-  
called “dynamic playlist” is generated, unless you play a saved playlist. You can modify  
the dynamic playlist while playing and also save it to a file. If you do not want to use  
playlists you can simply play your files directory based. Playlists are covered in detail  
in section 4.4 (page 32).  
Menu  
From the menu you can customise Rockbox. Rockbox itself is very customisable. Also  
there are some special menus for quick access to frequently used functions.  
Context Menu  
Some views, especially the file browser and the WPS have a context menu. From the file  
browser this can be accessed with Long Select. The contents of the context menu vary,  
depending on the situation it gets called. The context menu itself presents you with  
some operations you can perform with the currently highlighted file. In the file browser  
this is the file (or directory) that is highlighted by the cursor. From the WPS this is  
the currently playing file. Also there are some actions that do not apply to the current  
file but refer to the screen from which the context menu gets called. One example is the  
playback menu, which can be called using the context menu from within the WPS.  
1ID3 Tags, Vorbis comments, etc.  
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3.2 Customising Rockbox  
Rockbox’ User Interface can be customised using “Themes”. Themes usually only affect  
the visual appearance, but an advanced user can create a theme that also changes various  
other settings like file view, LCD settings and all other settings that can be modified  
using .cfg files. This topic is discussed in more detail in section 11.3 (page 137). The  
Rockbox distribution comes with some themes that should look nice on your player.  
Note: Some of the themes shipped with Rockbox need additional fonts from the fonts  
package, so make sure you installed them. Also, if you downloaded additional themes  
from the Internet make sure you have the needed fonts installed as otherwise the theme  
may get displayed garbled.  
b
3.3 Charging  
The player can be powered over USB without connecting to your computer by holding  
Menu while plugging in. This allows you to continue using the player normally.  
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4 Browsing and playing  
4.1 File Browser  
Figure 4.1: The file browser  
Rockbox lets you browse your music in either of two ways. The File Browser lets  
you navigate through the files and directories on your player, entering directories and  
executing the default action on each file. To help differentiate files, each file format is  
displayed with an icon.  
The Database Browser, on the other hand, allows you to navigate through the  
music on your player using categories like album, artist, genre, etc.  
You can select whether to browse using the File Browser or the Database Browser  
by selecting either Files or Database in the Main Menu. If you choose the File  
Browser, the Show Files setting lets you select what types of files you wish to view.  
See section 8.2 (page 55) for more information on the Show Files setting.  
Note: The File Browser allows you to manipulate your files in ways that are not  
available within the Database Browser. Read more about Database in section 4.2  
(page 25). The remainder of this section deals with the File Browser.  
b
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4.1.1 File Browser Controls  
Key  
Action  
Up/Down  
Go to previous/next item in list. If you  
are on the first/last entry, the cursor will  
wrap to the last/first entry.  
Left  
Go to the parent directory.  
Select or Right  
Executes the default action on the se-  
lected file or enters a directory.  
If there is an audio file playing, returns  
to the While Playing Screen (WPS)  
without stopping playback.  
A
Power  
Stops audio playback.  
Long Select  
Menu  
Enter the Context Menu  
Enter the Main Menu  
Long Menu  
Switches to the Quick Screen (see sec-  
tion 5.11 (page 41))  
4.1.2 Context Menu  
Figure 4.2: The Context Menu  
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The Context Menu allows you to perform certain operations on files or directories.  
To access the Context Menu, position the selector over a file or directory and access  
the context menu with Long Select.  
Note: The Context Menu is a context sensitive menu. If the Context Menu is  
invoked on a file, it will display options available for files. If the Context Menu is  
invoked on a directory, it will display options for directories.  
The Context Menu contains the following options (unless otherwise noted, each  
option pertains both to files and directories):  
b
Playlist. Enters the Playlist Submenu (see section 4.4.3 (page 34)).  
Playlist Catalog. Enters the Playlist Catalog Submenu (see section 4.4.2 (page 33)).  
Rename. This function lets the user modify the name of a file or directory.  
Cut. Copies the name of the currently selected file or directory to the clipboard and  
marks it to be ‘cut’.  
Copy. Copies the name of the currently selected file or directory to the clipboard and  
marks it to be ‘copied’.  
Paste. Only visible if a file or directory name is on the clipboard. When selected it will  
move or copy the clipboard to the current directory.  
Delete. Deletes the currently selected file. This option applies only to files, and not to  
directories. Rockbox will ask for confirmation before deleting a file. Press Select  
to confirm deletion or any other key to cancel.  
Delete Directory. Deletes the currently selected directory and all of the files and subdi-  
rectories it may contain. Deleted directories cannot be recovered. Use this feature  
with caution!  
Set As Backdrop. Set the selected bmp file as background image. The bitmaps need to  
meet the conditions explained in section 11.1.6 (page 134).  
Open with. Runs a viewer plugin on the file. Normally, when a file is selected in Rock-  
box, Rockbox automatically detects the file type and runs the appropriate plugin.  
The Open With function can be used to override the default action and select a  
viewer by hand. For example, this function can be used to view a text file even if  
the file has a non-standard extension (i.e., the file has an extension of something  
other than .txt). See section 10.3 (page 109) for more details on viewers.  
Create Directory. Create a new directory in the current directory on the disk.  
Properties. Shows properties such as size and the time and date of the last modification  
for the selected file. If used on a directory, the number of files and subdirectories  
will be shown, as well as the total size.  
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Add to Shortcuts. Adds a link to the selected item in the shortcuts.link file. If the  
file does not already exist it will be created in the root directory. Note that if you  
create a shortcut to a file, Rockbox will not open it upon selecting, but simply  
bring you to it’s location in the File Browser.  
4.1.3 Virtual Keyboard  
Figure 4.3: The virtual keyboard  
This is the virtual keyboard that is used when entering text in Rockbox, for example  
when renaming a file or creating a new directory. The virtual keyboard can be easily  
changed by making a text file with the required layout. More information on how to  
achieve this can be found on the Rockbox website at ZLoadableKeyboardLayouts.  
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Key  
Action  
Left / Right /  
Up / Down  
A + Left or A +  
Right  
Move about the virtual keyboard (moves  
the solid cursor)  
Move the line cursor within the text line  
Select  
Inserts the selected keyboard letter at the  
current cursor position  
Power  
A
Exits the virtual keyboard without saving  
any changes  
Exits the virtual keyboard and saves any  
changes  
Menu  
Deletes the character before the line cur-  
sor  
A + Power  
Select  
Enters Morse input mode  
Tap to select a character in Morse input  
mode  
4.2 Database  
4.2.1 Introduction  
This chapter describes the Rockbox music database system. Using the information  
contained in the tags (ID3v1, ID3v2, Vorbis Comments, Apev2, etc.) in your audio  
files, Rockbox builds and maintains a database of the music files on your player and  
allows you to browse them by Artist, Album, Genre, Song Name, etc. The criteria the  
database uses to sort the songs can be completely customised. More information on how  
to achieve this can be found on the Rockbox website at ZDataBase.  
4.2.2 Initializing the Database  
The first time you use the database, Rockbox will scan your disk for audio files. This can  
take quite a while depending on the number of files on your player. This scan happens  
in the background, so you can choose to return to the Main Menu and continue to listen  
to music. If you shut down your player, the scan will continue next time you turn it on.  
After the scan is finished you may be prompted to restart your player before you can  
use the database.  
Ignoring Directories During Database Initialization  
You may have directories on your player whose contents should not be added to the  
database. Placing a file named database.ignore in a directory will exclude the files in  
that directory and all its subdirectories from scanning their tags and adding them to the  
database. This will speed up the database initialization.  
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If a subdirectory of an ’ignored’ directory should still be scanned, place a file named  
database.unignore in it. The files in that directory and its subdirectories will be  
scanned and added to the database.  
4.2.3 The Database Menu  
Load To RAM The database can either be kept on disk (to save memory), or loaded into  
RAM (for fast browsing). Setting this to Yes loads the database to RAM, allowing  
faster browsing and searching. Setting this option to No keeps the database on  
the disk, meaning slower browsing but it does not use extra RAM and saves some  
battery on boot up.  
Note: If you browse your music frequently using the database, you should load  
to RAM, as this will reduce the overall battery consumption because the disk will  
not need to spin on each search.  
b
b
Auto Update If Auto update is set to on, each time the player boots, the database  
will automatically be updated.  
Note: The Auto Update will only check for deleted files if the Directory  
Cache (Settings → General Settings → System → Disk → Directory  
Cache) is enabled. Update now includes that check whether dircache has been  
enabled or not.  
Initialize Now You can force Rockbox to rescan your disk for tagged files by using the  
Initialize Now function in the Database Menu.  
Warning: Initialize Now removes all database files (removing runtimedb data  
also) and rebuilds the database from scratch.  
!
b
Update Now Update now causes the database to detect new and deleted files  
Note: Unlike the Auto Update function, Update Now will update the database  
regardless of whether the Directory Cache is enabled. Thus, an update using  
Update now may take a long time.  
Unlike Initialize Now, the Update Now function does not remove runtime  
database information.  
Gather Runtime Data When enabled, rockbox will record how often and how long a  
track is being played, when it was last played and its rating. This information can  
be displayed in the WPS and is used in the database browser to, for example, show  
the most played, unplayed and most recently played tracks.  
Export Modifications This allows for the runtime data to be exported to the file  
/.rockbox/database changelog.txt, which backs up the runtime data in ASCII  
format. This is needed when database structures change, because new code cannot  
read old database code. But, all modifications exported to ASCII format should  
be readable by all database versions.  
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Import Modifications. Allows the /.rockbox/database changelog.txt backup to be  
conveniently loaded into the database. If Auto Update is enabled this is per-  
formed automatically when the database is initialized.  
4.2.4 Using the Database  
Once the database has been initialized, you can browse your music by Artist, Al-  
bum, Genre, Song Name, etc. To use the database, go to the Main Menu and select  
Database.  
Note: You may need to increase the value of the Max files in dir browser setting  
(Settings → General Settings → System → Limits) in order to view long lists  
of tracks in the ID3 database browser.  
b
There is no option to turn off database completely. If you do not want to use it just  
do not do the initial build of the database and do not load it to RAM.  
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Tag  
Type  
Origin  
filename  
album  
string  
string  
system  
id tag  
albumartist  
artist  
string  
string  
id tag  
id tag  
comment  
composer  
genre  
string  
string  
string  
id tag  
id tag  
id tag  
grouping  
title  
string  
string  
id tag  
id tag  
bitrate  
discnum  
year  
tracknum  
autoscore  
lastplayed  
playcount  
Pm (play time - numeric  
min)  
numeric  
numeric  
numeric  
numeric  
numeric  
numeric  
numeric  
id tag  
id tag  
id tag  
id tag/filename  
runtime db  
runtime db  
runtime db  
runtime db  
Ps (play time - sec) numeric  
runtime db  
runtime db  
system  
system  
system  
rating  
numeric  
numeric  
numeric  
numeric  
commitid  
entryage  
length  
Lm (track len - numeric  
min)  
system  
Ls (track len - sec) numeric  
system  
4.3 While Playing Screen  
The While Playing Screen (WPS) displays various pieces of information about the cur-  
rently playing audio file. The appearance of the WPS can be configured using WPS  
configuration files. The items shown depend on your configuration – all item can be  
turned on or off independently. Refer to section B (page 142) for details on how to  
change the display of the WPS.  
• Status bar: The Status bar shows Battery level, charger status, volume, play mode,  
repeat mode, shuffle mode and clock. In contrast to all other items, the status bar  
is always at the top of the screen.  
• (Scrolling) path and filename of the current song.  
• The ID3 track name.  
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• The ID3 album name.  
• The ID3 artist name.  
• Bit rate. VBR files display average bitrate and “(avg)”  
• Elapsed and total time.  
• A slidebar progress meter representing where in the song you are.  
• Peak meter.  
See section 11.2 (page 134) for details of customising your WPS (While Playing  
Screen).  
4.3.1 WPS Key Controls  
Key  
Action  
Up / Down  
Volume up/down.  
Left  
Go to beginning of track, or if pressed  
while in the first seconds of a track, go  
to previous track.  
Long Left  
Right  
Rewind in track.  
Go to next track.  
Long Right  
A
Fast forward in track.  
Toggle play/pause.  
Power  
Stop playback.  
Select  
Long Select  
Menu  
Return to the File Browser.  
Enter WPS Context Menu.  
Enter Main Menu.  
Long Menu  
Switches to the Quick Screen. (see sec-  
tion 5.11 (page 41))  
A + Up/Down  
Show Pitch Screen (see section 4.3.3  
(page 32)).  
A + Menu  
Enter ID3 Viewer.  
A + Right or  
Short Right +  
Long Right  
Skip to the next directory.  
A + Left or Short Skip to the previous directory.  
Left + Long Left  
4.3.2 Peak Meter  
The peak meter can be displayed on the While Playing Screen and consists of several  
indicators.  
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The bar: This is the wide horizontal bar. It represents the current volume value.  
The peak indicator: This is a little vertical line at the right end of the bar. It indicates  
the peak volume value that occurred recently.  
The clip indicator: This is a little black block that is displayed at the very right of the  
scale when an overflow occurs. It usually does not show up during normal playback  
unless you play an audio file that is distorted heavily.  
Note: Note that the clip detection is not very precise. Clipping might occur  
without being indicated.  
b
The scale: Between the indicators of the right and left channel there are little dots.  
These dots represent important volume values. In linear mode each dot is a 10%  
mark. In dbfs mode the dots represent the following values (from right to left):  
0db, -3db, -6db, -9db, -12db, -18db, -24db, -30db, -40db, -50db, -60db.  
4.3.3 The WPS Context Menu  
Like the context menu for the File Browser, the WPS Context Menu allows you  
quick access to some often used functions:  
Playlist  
The Playlist submenu allows you to view, save, search and reshuffle the current playlist.  
To change settings for the Playlist Viewer press Menu while viewing the playlist to  
bring up the Playlist Viewer Menu.  
Playlist Viewer Menu  
Show Icons. This toggles display of the icon for the currently selected playlist entry and  
the icon for moving a playlist entry  
Show Indicies. This toggles display of the line numbering for the playlist  
Track Display. This toggles between filename only and full path for playlist entries  
Save Current Playlist. Allows the current playlist to be saved as a .m3u playlist file  
Playlist catalog  
View catalog. This lists all playlists that are part of the Playlist catalog. You can load  
a new playlist directly from this list.  
Add to playlist. Adds the currently playing file to a playlist. Select the playlist you  
want the file to be added to and it will get appended to that playlist.  
Add to new playlist. Similar to the previous entry this will add the currently playing  
track to a playlist. You need to enter a name for the new playlist first.  
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Sound Settings  
This is a shortcut to the Sound Settings Menu, where you can configure volume, bass,  
treble, and other settings affecting the sound of your music. See section 6 (page 42) for  
more information.  
Playback Settings  
This is a shortcut to the Playback Settings Menu, where you can configure shuffle,  
repeat, party mode, study mode and other settings affecting the playback of your music.  
Rating  
The menu entry is only shown if Gather Runtime Information is enabled. It allows  
the asignment of a personal rating value (0 – 10) to a track which can be displayed in  
the WPS and used in the Database browser. Press Right to increment the value. The  
value wraps at 10.  
Bookmarks  
This allows you to create a bookmark in the currently-playing track.  
Show Track Info  
Figure 4.4: The track info viewer  
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This screen is accessible from the WPS screen, and provides a detailed view of all the  
identity information about the current track. This info is known as meta data and is  
stored in audio file formats to keep information on artist, album etc. To access this  
screen,  
Open With...  
This Open With function is the same as the Open With function in the file browser’s  
Context Menu.  
Delete  
Delete the currently playing file.  
Pitch  
The Pitch Screen allows you to change the pitch and (at the same time) the playback  
speed of your player. The pitch value can be adjusted between 50% and 200%. 50%  
means half the normal playback speed and the pitch that is an octave lower than the  
normal pitch. 200% means double playback speed and the pitch that is an octave  
higher than the normal pitch. It is not possible to change the pitch without changing  
the playback speed and vice versa. Changing the pitch can be done in two modes:  
procentual and semitone. Initially (after the player is switched on), procentual mode is  
active.  
Key  
Action  
Menu  
Up / Down  
Toggle pitch changing mode  
Increase / Decrease pitch by 0.1% (in pro-  
centual mode) or a semitone (in semitone  
mode)  
Long Up / Long  
Down  
Increase / Decrease pitch by 1% (in pro-  
centual mode) or a semitone (in semitone  
mode)  
Right / Left  
Temporarily increase / decrease pitch by  
2.0%  
A
Reset pitch to 100%  
Power  
Leave the Pitch Screen  
4.4 Working with Playlists  
4.4.1 Playlist terminology  
Some common terms that are used in Rockbox when referring to playlists:  
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Directory. A playlist! One of the keys to getting the most out of Rockbox is under-  
standing that Rockbox always considers the song that it is playing to be part of a  
playlist, and in some situations, Rockbox will create a playlist automatically. For  
example, if you are playing the contents of a directory, Rockbox will automatically  
create a playlist containing all songs in it. This means that just about anything  
that is described in this chapter with respect to playlists also applies to directories.  
Dynamic playlist. A dynamic playlist is a playlist that is created “On the fly.” Any  
time you insert or queue tracks using the Playlist submenu (see section 4.4.3  
(page 34)), you are creating (or adding to) a dynamic playlist.  
Insert. In Rockbox, to Insert an item into a playlist means putting an item into a  
playlist and leaving it there, even after it is played. As you will see later in this  
chapter, Rockbox can Insert into a playlist in several places.  
Queue. In Rockbox, to Queue a song means to put the song into a playlist and then  
to remove the song from the playlist once it has been played. The only difference  
between Insert and Queue is that the Queue option removes the song from the  
playlist once it has been played, and the Insert option does not.  
4.4.2 Creating playlists  
Rockbox can create playlists in four different ways.  
By selecting (“playing”) a song from the File Browser  
Whenever a song is selected from the File Browser with Select or Right, Rockbox  
will automatically create a playlist containing all of the songs in that directory and start  
playback with the selected song.  
Note: If you already have created a dynamic playlist, playing a new song will erase the  
current dynamic playlist and create a new one. If you want to add a song to the current  
playlist rather than erasing the current playlist, see the section below on how to add  
music to a playlist.  
b
By using Insert and Queue functions  
If playback is stopped, the Insert and Queue functions can be used as described in  
4.4.3 to create a new playlist instead of adding to an existing one. This will erase any  
dynamic playlist.  
By using the Playlist catalog  
The Playlist catalog makes it possible to modify and create playlists that are not  
currently playing. To do this select Playlist catalog in the Context Menu. There  
you will have two choices, Add to playlist adds the selected track or directory to an  
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existing playlist and Add to a new playlist creates a new playlist containing the  
selected track or directory.  
Note: All playlists in the Playlist catalog are stored by default in the /Playlists  
directory in the root of your player’s disk and playlists stored in other locations are  
not included in the catalog. It is however possible to move existing playlists there (see  
section 4.1.2 (page 22)).  
b
By using the Main Menu  
To create a playlist containing all music on your player, you can use the Create  
Playlist command in the Playlist Options menu found in the Main Menu. The  
created playlist will be named root.m3u and saved in the root of your player’s disk.  
4.4.3 Adding music to playlists  
Adding music to a dynamic playlist  
Figure 4.5: The Playlist Submenu  
The Playlist Submenu is a submenu in the Context Menu (see section 4.1.2 (page 22)),  
it allows you to put tracks into a “dynamic playlist”. If there is no music currently play-  
ing, Rockbox will create a new dynamic playlist and put the selected track(s) into it.  
If there is music currently playing, Rockbox will put the selected track(s) into the cur-  
rent playlist. The place in which the newly selected tracks are added to the playlist is  
determined by the following options:  
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Insert. Add track(s) immediately after any tracks added via the most recent Insert  
operation. If no tracks have yet been added via an Insert, new tracks will be  
added immediately after the current playing track. If playback is stopped a new  
dynamic playlist will get created with the selected tracks.  
Insert Next. Add track(s) immediately after current playing track, no matter what else  
has been inserted.  
Insert Last. Add track(s) to end of playlist.  
Insert Shuffled. Add track(s) to the playlist in a random order.  
Queue. Queue is the same as Insert except queued tracks are deleted immediately from  
the playlist after they have been played. Also, queued tracks are not saved to the  
playlist file (see section 5.8 (page 39)).  
Queue Next. Queue track(s) immediately after current playing track.  
Queue Last. Queue track(s) at end of playlist.  
Queue Shuffled. Queue track(s) in a random order.  
Play Next. Replaces all but the current playing track with track(s). Current playing  
track is queued.  
The Playlist Submenu can be used to add either single tracks or entire directories  
to a playlist. If the Playlist Submenu is invoked on a single track, it will put only  
that track into the playlist. On the other hand, if the Playlist Submenu is invoked  
on a directory, Rockbox adds all of the tracks in that directory to the playlist.  
Note: You can control whether or not Rockbox includes the contents of subdirectories  
when adding an entire directory to a playlists. Set the Settings → General Settings  
→ Playlist → Recursively Insert Directories setting to Yes if you would like  
Rockbox to include tracks in subdirectories as well as tracks in the currently-selected  
directory.  
Dynamic playlists are saved so resume will restore them exactly as they were before  
shutdown.  
Note: To view, save or reshuffle the current dynamic playlist use the Playlist sub  
menu in the WPS context menu or in the Main Menu.  
b
b
4.4.4 Modifying playlists  
Reshuffling  
Reshuffling the current playlist is easily done from the Playlist sub menu in the WPS,  
just select Reshuffle.  
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Chapter 4. Browsing and playing  
36  
Moving and removing tracks  
To move or remove a track from the current playlist enter the Playlist Viewer by  
selecting View Current Playlist in the Playlist submenu in the WPS context  
menu or the Main Menu. Once in the Playlist Viewer open the context menu on  
the track you want to move or remove. If you want to move the track, select Move in  
the context menu and then move the blinking cursor to the place where you want the  
track to be moved and confirm with Select or Right. To remove a track, simply select  
Remove in the context menu.  
4.4.5 Saving playlists  
To save the current playlist either enter the Playlist submenu in the WPS Context  
Menu (see section 4.3.3 (page 30)) and select Save Current Playlist or enter the  
Playlist Options menu in the Main Menu and select Save Current Playlist.  
Either method will bring you to the Virtual Keyboard (see section 4.1.3 (page 24)),  
enter a filename for your playlist and accept it and you are done.  
4.4.6 Loading saved playlists  
Through the File Browser  
Playlist files, like regular music tracks, can be selected through the File Browser.  
When loading a playlist from disk it will replace the current dynamic playlist.  
Through the Playlist catalog  
The Playlist catalog offers a shortcut to all playlists in your player’s specified playlist  
directory. It can be used like the File Browser.  
4.4.7 Helpful Hints  
Including subdirectories in playlists  
You can control whether or not Rockbox includes the contents of subdirectories when  
adding an entire directory to a playlists. Set the Main Menu → Settings → Playlist  
→ Recursively Insert Directories setting to Yes if you would like to include tracks  
in subdirectories as well as tracks in the currently selected directory.  
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Chapter 5. The Main Menu  
37  
5 The Main Menu  
5.1 Introducing the Main Menu  
Figure 5.1: The main menu  
The Main Menu is the screen from which all of the Rockbox functions can be accessed.  
This is the first screen you will see when starting Rockbox. To return to the Main  
Menu, press the Menu button.  
All settings are stored on the unit. However, Rockbox does not spin up the disk solely  
for the purpose of saving settings. Instead, Rockbox will save settings when it spins up  
the disk the next time, for example when refilling the MP3 buffer or navigating through  
the File Browser. Changes to settings may therefore not be saved unless the player  
is shut down safely (see section 3.1.2 (page 18)).  
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Chapter 5. The Main Menu  
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5.2 Navigating the Main Menu  
5.3 Recent Bookmarks  
Figure 5.2: The list bookmarks screen  
If the Save a list of recently created bookmarks option is enabled then you can  
view a list of several recent bookmarks here and select one to jump straight to that track.  
See section 8.6 (page 60) for more details on configuring bookmarking in Rockbox.  
Note: This entry is not shown in the Main Menu when the option is off and the option  
is off by default.  
b
5.4 Files  
Browse the files on your player (see section 4.1 (page 21)).  
5.5 Database  
Browse by the meta-data in your audio files (see section 4.2 (page 25)).  
5.6 Now Playing/Resume Playback  
Go to the While Playing Screen and resume if music playback is stopped or paused  
and there is something to resume (see section 4.3 (page 28)).  
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Chapter 5. The Main Menu  
39  
5.7 Settings  
The Settings menu allows to set or adjust many parameters that affect the way your  
player works. There are many submenus for different parameter areas. Every time  
you are setting a value of a parameter, and that value is selected from a list of some  
predefined available values, you can press Long Select, and the selection cursor will  
jump to the default value for the parameter. You can then confirm or cancel the value.  
This is useful if you have changed the value of the parameter from the default to some  
other value and would like to restore the default value.  
5.7.1 Sound Settings  
The Sound Settings menu offers a selection of sound properties you may change to  
customise your listening experience. The details of this menu are covered in section 6  
(page 42).  
5.7.2 Playback Settings  
The Playback Settings menu allows you to configure settings related to audio play-  
back. The details of this menu are covered in section 7 (page 48).  
5.7.3 General Settings  
The General Settings menu allows you to customise the way Rockbox looks and the  
way it plays music. The details of this menu are covered in section 8 (page 54).  
5.7.4 Manage Settings  
The Manage Settings option allows the saving and re-loading of user configuration  
settings, browsing the hard drive for alternate firmwares, and finally resetting your  
player back to initial configuration. The details of this menu are covered in section 11.3  
(page 137).  
5.7.5 Theme Settings  
The Theme Settings menu contains options that control the visual apperance of Rock-  
box. The details of this menu are covered in section 9 (page 64).  
5.8 Playlist  
This menu allows you to work with playlists. Playlists can be created in three ways.  
Playing a file in a directory causes all the files in it to be placed in a playlist. Playlists can  
be created manually by either using the Context Menu (see section 4.1.2 (page 22))  
or using the Playlist menu. Both automatically and manually created playlists can be  
edited using this menu.  
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Create Playlist: Rockbox will create a playlist with all tracks in the current directory  
and all sub-directories. The playlist will be created one directory level “up” from  
where you currently are.  
View Current Playlist: Displays the contents of the playlist currently stored in memory.  
Save Current Playlist: Saves the current dynamic playlist, excluding queued tracks, to  
the specified file. If no path is provided then playlist is saved to the current  
directory.  
Playlist Catalog: The Playlist Catalog provides a simple interface to maintain sev-  
eral playlists (see section 4.4 (page 32)).  
5.9 Plugins  
With this option you can load and run various plugins that have been written for Rock-  
box. There are a wide variety of these supplied with Rockbox, including several games,  
some impressive demos and a number of utilities. A detailed description of the different  
plugins is to be found in section 10 (page 66).  
5.10 System  
This option shows RAM buffer size, battery voltage level and estimated time remaining,  
disk total space and disk free space.  
Time and Date: Time related menu options. Pressing Long Select will voice the cur-  
rent time if voice support is enabled  
Set Time/Date: Set current time and date.  
Sleep Timer: The Sleep Timer powers off your player after playing for a given  
time. It can be set from Off to 5 hours in 5 minute steps. The Sleep Timer  
is reset on boot.  
Time Format: Choose 12 or 24 hour clock.  
Rockbox Info: Displays some basic system information. This is, from top to bottom,  
the amount of memory Rockbox has available for storing music (the buffer). The  
battery status. Hard disk size and the amount of free space on the disk.  
Version: Software version and credits display.  
Debug (Keep Out!): This sub menu is intended to be used only by Rockbox developers.  
It shows hardware, disk, battery status and other technical information.  
Warning: It is not recommended that users access this menu unless instructed  
to do so in the course of fixing a problem with Rockbox. If you think you have  
messed up your settings by use of this menu please try to reset all settings before  
asking for help.  
!
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Chapter 5. The Main Menu  
41  
5.11 Quick Screen  
Whilst not strictly part of the Main Menu, it is worth noting that a few of the more  
commonly used settings are available from the Quick Screen. The Quick Screen  
screen is accessed with Long Menu and exited with Menu. It allows rapid access to  
the Shuffle and Repeat modes (section ?? (page ??)) and the Show Files option  
(section 8.2 (page 55)).  
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Chapter 6. Sound Settings  
42  
6 Sound Settings  
Figure 6.1: The sound settings screen  
The sound settings menu offers a selection of sound settings you may change to customise  
your listening experience.  
6.1 Volume  
This setting adjusts the volume of your music. Like most professional audio gear and  
many consumer audio products, Rockbox uses a decibel scale where 0 dB is a refer-  
ence that indicates the maximum volume that the player can produce without possible  
distortion (clipping). All values lower than this reference will be negative and yield a  
progressively softer volume. The volume can be adjusted from a minimum of -73 dB  
to a maximum of +6 dB.  
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Chapter 6. Sound Settings  
43  
6.2 Bass  
This setting emphasises or suppresses the lower (bass) frequencies in the sound. A value  
of 0 dB means that bass sounds are unaltered (flat response).  
6.3 Treble  
This setting emphasises or suppresses the higher (treble) frequencies in the sound. A  
value of 0 dB means that treble sounds are unaltered (flat response).  
6.4 Balance  
This setting controls the balance between the left and right channels. The default, 0,  
means that the left and right outputs are equal in volume. Negative numbers increase  
the volume of the left channel relative to the right, positive numbers increase the volume  
of the right channel relative to the left.  
6.5 Channels  
A stereo audio signal consists of two channels, left and right. The Channels setting  
determines if these channels are to be combined in any way, and if so, in what manner  
they will be combined. Available options are:  
Setting  
Description  
Stereo  
Mono  
Leave the audio signal unmodified.  
Combine both channels and send the resulting signal to both stereo  
channels, resulting in a monophonic output.  
Custom  
Allows you to manually specify a stereo width with the Stereo Width  
setting described later in this chapter.  
Mono Left  
Plays the left channel in both stereo channels.  
Mono Right Plays the right channel in both stereo channels.  
Karaoke  
Removes all sound that is common to both channels. Since most music  
is recorded with vocals being equally present in both channels to make  
the singer sound centrally placed, this often (but not always) has the  
effect of removing the voice track from a song. This setting also very  
often has other undesirable effects on the sound.  
6.6 Stereo Width  
Stereo width allows you to manually specify the effect that is applied when the Chan-  
nels setting is set to “custom”. All values below 100% will progressively mix the con-  
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Chapter 6. Sound Settings  
44  
tents of one channel into the other. This has the effect of gradually centering the stereo  
image, until you have monophonic sound at 0%. Values above 100% will progressively  
remove components in one channel that is also present in the other. This has the effect  
of widening the stereo field. A value of 100% will leave the stereo field unaltered.  
6.7 Crossfeed  
Crossfeed attempts to make the experience of listening to music on headphones more  
similar to listening to music with stereo speakers. When you listen to music through  
speakers, each ear will hear sound originating from both speakers. However, the sound  
from the left speaker reaches your right ear slightly later than it does your left ear, and  
vice versa.  
The human ear and brain together are very good at interpreting the time differences  
between direct sounds and reflected sounds and using that information to identify the  
direction that the sound is coming from. On the other hand, when listening to head-  
phones, each ear hears only the stereo channel corresponding to it. The left ear hears  
only the left channel and the right ear hears only the right channel. The result is that  
sound from headphones does not provide the same spatial cues to your ear and brain as  
speakers, and might for that reason sound unnatural to some listeners.  
The crossfeed function uses an algorithm to feed a delayed and filtered portion of the  
signal from the right channel into the left channel and vice versa in order to simulate the  
spatial cues that the ear and brain receive when listening to a set of loudspeakers placed  
in front of the listener. The result is a more natural stereo image that can be especially  
appreciated in older rock and jazz records, where one instrument is often hard-panned  
to just one of the speakers. Many people will find such records tiring to listen to using  
earphones and no crossfeed effect.  
Crossfeed has the following settings:  
Crossfeed: Selects whether the crossfeed effect is to be enabled or not.  
Direct Gain: How much the level of the audio that travels the direct path from a speaker  
to the corresponding ear is supposed to be decreased.  
Cross Gain: How much the level of the audio that travels the cross path from a speaker  
to the opposite ear is to be decreased.  
High-Frequency Attenuation: How much the upper frequencies of the cross path audio  
will be dampened. Note that the total level of the higher frequencies will be a  
combination of both this setting and the Cross Gain setting.  
High-Frequency Cutoff Decides at which frequency the cross path audio will start to  
be cut by the amount described by the High-Frequency Attenuation setting.  
Most users will find the default settings to yield satisfactory results, but for the more  
adventurous user the settings can be fine-tuned to provide a virtual speaker placement  
suited to ones preference.  
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Chapter 6. Sound Settings  
45  
Beware that the crossfeed function is capable of making the audio distort if you choose  
settings which result in a too high output level.  
6.8 Equalizer  
Figure 6.2: The graphical equalizer  
Rockbox features a parametric equalizer (EQ). As the name suggests, a parametric EQ  
lets you control several different parameters for each band of the EQ. In some ways the  
EQ is similar to the Bass and Treble settings described earlier, but the EQ allows you  
to control the sound much more carefully.  
Rockbox’s parametric EQ is composed of five different bands:  
Band 0: Low shelf filter The low shelf filter boosts or lowers all frequencies below a  
certain frequency limit, much like what a “bass” control found on ordinary stereo  
systems does. Adjust the “cutoff” frequency parameter to decide where the shelv-  
ing starts to take effect. For example, a cutoff frequency of 50 Hz will adjust only  
very low frequencies. A cutoff frequency of 200 Hz, on the other hand, will adjust  
a much wider range of bass frequencies. The “gain” parameter controls how much  
the loudness of the band is adjusted. Positive numbers make the EQ band louder,  
while negative numbers make that EQ band quieter. The “Q” parameter should  
always be set to 0.7 for the shelving filters. Higher values will add a small boost  
around the cutoff frequency that is almost always undesirable.  
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Bands 1-3: Peaking filters Peaking EQ filters boost or lower a frequency range centered  
at the center frequency chosen. Graphic equalizers in home stereos are usually  
peaking filters. The peaking filters in Rockbox’s EQ lets you adjust three different  
parameters for EQ bands 1 through 3. The “center” parameter controls the center  
frequency of the frequency range that is affected as described above. The “gain”  
parameter controls how much each band is adjusted, and works as for the low  
shelf filter. Finally, the “Q” parameter controls how wide or narrow the affected  
frequency range is. Higher Q values will affect a narrower band of frequencies,  
while lower Q values will affect a wider band of frequencies.  
Band 4: High shelf filter A high shelf filter boosts or lowers all frequencies above a  
certain frequency limit, much like what a “treble” control found on ordinary stereo  
systems does. The high shelf filter is adjusted the same way as the low shelf filter,  
except that it works on the high end of the frequency spectrum rather than the  
low end.  
As a general guide, EQ band 0 should be used for low frequencies, EQ bands 1 through  
3 should be used for mids, and EQ band 4 should be used for highs.  
Enable EQ: This option controls whether the EQ is on or off.  
Graphical EQ: This option brings up a graphic EQ screen, which allows adjustment of  
each of the three parameters described above (gain, center frequency, and Q) for  
each of the five EQ bands.  
Key  
Action  
Raises the highlighted parameter.  
Lowers the highlighted parameter.  
Moves to the previous EQ band.  
Moves to the next EQ band.  
Toggles the cursor among the three pa-  
rameters (gain, center frequency, Q) for  
the selected EQ band.  
Exits the graphic EQ screen.  
Pre-cut: If too much gain is added through the graphical EQ, your music may distort.  
The Precut setting allows you to adjust the overall gain of the EQ.  
If your music distorts when using the EQ, trying changing this setting to a negative  
value.  
Simple EQ: This option provides an easier alternative for those who are daunted by all  
of the parameters that can be adjusted using the graphical EQ. With the Simple  
EQ, the only parameter that can be adjusted is the gain.  
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Advanced EQ: This sub menu provides options for adjusting the same parameters as the  
Graphical EQ. The only difference is that the parameters are adjusted through  
textual menus rather than through a graphic interface.  
Save EQ Preset: This option saves the current EQ configuration in a .cfg file.  
Browse EQ Presets: This menu displays a list of EQ presets, as well as any EQ con-  
figurations saved using the Save EQ Preset option. Users unfamiliar with the  
operation of a parametric EQ may wish to use the presets instead of trying to  
configure the EQ, or use the presets for designing their own custom EQ settings.  
6.9 Dithering  
This setting controls the dithering and noise shaping functionality of Rockbox.  
Most of Rockbox’ audio file decoders work at a higher bit depth than the 16 bits used  
for output on the player’s audio connectors. The simplest way to convert from one bit  
depth to another is simply discarding all the surplus bits. This is the default behaviour,  
and adds distortion to the signal that will vary in character along with the desired sound.  
Dithering adds low-level noise to the signal prior to throwing away the surplus bits,  
which gives the resulting signal a uniform noise floor which is independent of the sig-  
nal. Most people find this noise preferable to the time-varying noise heard when not  
performing dithering.  
After dithering, noise shaping is performed. This basically just pushes the dithering  
noise to the parts of the frequency spectrum humans cannot hear so easily. In Rockbox’  
case, some of the noise is pushed up to above 10 kHz.  
This setting will be put to its best use when listening to dynamic music with frequently  
occuring quiet parts, classical music being a typical example. It is worth noting that the  
effects of dithering and noise shaping are very subtle, and not easily noticable.  
Rockbox uses highpass triangular distribution noise as the dithering noise source, and  
a third order noise shaper.  
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Chapter 7. Playback Settings  
48  
7 Playback Settings  
The Playback Settings menu allows you to configure settings related to audio play-  
back.  
7.1 Shuffle  
Turning shuffle on will cause Rockbox to randomly re-order the playlist. Thus, to shuffle  
all of the audio files on the player, you first need to create a playlist containing all of  
them. For more information on creating playlists refer to section 4.4 (page 32).  
Options: Yes/No.  
7.2 Repeat  
Configures settings related to repeating of directories or playlists.  
Options: Off / All / One / Shuffle / A-B:  
Off The current playlist will not repeat when it is finished.  
Note: If you have the Auto-Change Directory option set to Yes, Rockbox  
will move on to the next directory on your hard drive. If the Auto-Change  
Directory option is set to No, playback will stop when the current directory or  
playlist is finished.  
b
All The current playlist will repeat when it is finished.  
One Repeat one track over and over.  
Shuffle When the current playlist has finished playing, it will be shuffled and then  
repeated.  
A-B Repeats between two user defined points within a track, typically used by musi-  
cians when attempting to learn a piece of music. This option is more complicated  
to use than the others as the player must first be placed into A-B repeat mode and  
then the start and end points defined.  
To set the Start Point (A) press A + Left. Setting the End Point (B) is done  
accordingly using A + Right. To reset the markers press A + Select.  
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Chapter 7. Playback Settings  
49  
7.3 Play Selected First  
This setting controls what happens when you select a file for playback while shuffle mode  
is on. If the Play Selected First setting is Yes, the file you selected will be played  
first. If this setting is No, a random file in the directory will be played first.  
7.4 Fast-Forward/Rewind  
These settings control the speed and acceleration during fast forward and rewind. The  
setting FF/RW Min Step controls the initial speed and FF/RW Accel controls the  
acceleration.  
7.5 Anti-Skip Buffer  
This setting controls how early Rockbox starts refilling the music buffer from the hard  
drive when playing. A longer Anti-Skip Buffer helps prevent skips in music playback if  
Rockbox has trouble reading from the disk. This can happen if the player is knocked,  
shaken or jogged heavily while Rockbox is trying to read the hard drive.  
The anti-skip buffer can be set to various values between 5 seconds and 10 minutes.  
Note: Having a large anti-skip buffer tends to use more power, and may reduce your  
battery life. It is recommended to always use the lowest possible setting that allows  
correct and continuous playback.  
b
7.6 Fade on Stop/Pause  
Enables and disables a fade effect when you pause or stop playing a song. If the Fade  
on Stop/Pause option is set to Yes, your music will fade out when you stop or pause  
playback, and fade in when you resume playback.  
7.7 Party Mode  
Enables unstoppable music playback. When new songs are selected, they are queued at  
the end of the current dynamic playlist instead of being played immediately. Pausing  
and stopping playback is disabled as well as skipping songs and launching plugins.  
7.8 Crossfade  
This setting enables a cross-fader. At the end of a song, the song will fade out as the  
next song fades in, creating a smooth transition between songs. The crossfade setting is  
particularly effective when the player is set on shuffle.  
Options for crossfade settings are:  
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Enable Crossfade If set to Off, crossfade is disabled. If set to Always, songs will  
always crossfade into one another. If set to Shuffle, crossfade is enabled when  
the shuffle feature is set to Yes, but disabled otherwise. If set to track skip only,  
tracks will only crossfade when you manually change tracks.  
Fade In Delay The “fade in delay” is the length of time between when the crossfade  
process begins and when the new track begins to fade in.  
Fade In Duration The length of time, in seconds, that it takes your music to fade in  
once the Fade In Delay has ended.  
Fade Out Delay The “fade out delay” is the length of time between when the crossfade  
process begins and when the old track begins to fade out.  
Fade Out Duration The length of time, in seconds, that it takes your music to fade out  
once the Fade Out Delay has ended.  
Fade Out Mode If set to Crossfade, one song will fade out and the next song will  
simultaneously fade in. If set to Mix, the ending song will continue to play as  
normal until its end, while the starting song will fade in from under it. Mix mode  
is not used for manual track skips, even if it is selected here.  
Note: The rules above apply except in the instance where Fade Out Delay plus Fade  
Out Duration is less then Fade In Delay (which would create a gap in the audio).  
In this case, the Fade In Delay is reduced to eliminate the gap.  
b
The graphic below illustrates how the different settings work in practice.  
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51  
7.9 Replaygain  
This allows you to control the replaygain function. The purpose of replaygain is to  
adjust the volume of the music played so that all songs (or albums, depending on your  
settings) have the same apparent volume. This prevents sudden changes in volume when  
changing between songs recorded at different volume levels. For replaygain to work, the  
songs must have been processed by a program that adds replaygain information to the  
ID3 tags (or Vorbis tags).  
Note: APEv2 tags are not currently supported.  
b
Options for replaygain are:  
Enable Replaygain This turns on/off the replaygain function.  
Prevent Clipping Avoid clipping of a song’s waveform. If a song would clip during  
playback, the volume is lowered for that song. Replaygain information is needed  
for this to work.  
Replaygain Type Choose the type of replaygain to apply:  
Album Gain Maintain a constant volume level between albums, but keep any in-  
tentional volume variations between songs in an album. (If album gain value  
is not available, uses track gain information).  
Track Gain Maintain a constant volume level between tracks. If track gain value  
is not available, no replaygain is applied.  
Track Gain If Shuffling Maintains a constant volume between tracks if Shuffle  
is set to Yes. Reverts to album mode if Shuffle is set to No.  
Pre-amp This allows you to adjust the volume when replaygain is applied. Replaygain  
often lowers the volume, sometimes quite much, so here you can compensate for  
that. Please note that a (large) positive pre-amp setting can cause clipping, unless  
prevent clipping is enabled. The pre-amp can be set to any decibel (dB) value  
between -12dB and +12dB, in increments of 0.1dB.  
7.10 Beep Volume  
Controls the volume of the beep that is heard when skipping forward or backward be-  
tween tracks. The beep is disabled when set to Off.  
7.11 Auto-Change Directory  
Control what Rockbox does when it reaches the end of a directory. If Auto-Change  
Directory is set to Yes, Rockbox will continue to the next directory. If Auto-Change  
Directory is set to No, playback will stop at the end of the current playlist. Using  
the Random feature requires you to first generate a folder list via the Random Folder  
Advance Configuration plugin (see section 10.4.11 (page 129)).  
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Chapter 7. Playback Settings  
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Note: You must have the Repeat option set to No for Auto-Change Directory to  
function properly.  
Note: This feature only works when songs have been played from the file browser. Using  
it with the database may cause unexpected behavior.  
b
b
7.12 Pause on Headphone Unplug  
Enables and disables automatic pausing of playback when the headphones are discon-  
nected from the player’s headphone socket.  
Pause on Headphone Unplug Options for automatic pause:  
Off. Disables automatic pause.  
Pause. Pauses the player when the headphones are removed.  
Pause and Resume. Pauses when the headphones are removed, and resumes play-  
back when they are reconnected.  
Duration to Rewind Number of seconds (between 0 and 15) to rewind playback when  
the headphones are removed.  
Disable Auto-Resume If Phones Not Present This option will disable the automatic  
resumption of playback at startup if the headphones are not connected to the  
player.  
Note: This requires Resume on Startup to be enabled.  
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7.13 Last.fm Log  
Enables logging of your played tracks for submittal to http://www.last.fm. This service  
was formely known as Audioscrobbler. When you enable this option, you’ll have to  
reboot to start the logging. The log-file is called .scrobbler.log,and is to be found in  
the root directory of your player.  
Note: See ZLastFMLog for a further description, and for tools you can use to submit  
your Last.fm log.  
7.14 Cuesheet Support  
Enables reading of cuesheet files for played tracks. If a cuesheet is found for a track,  
track markers are displayed on the progressbar and it is possible to skip between the  
tracks within the cuesheet. Also the information found in the cuesheet file will replace  
the information from the ID3 tags. When you enable this option, you’ll have to reboot  
for it to come into effect.  
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Chapter 7. Playback Settings  
53  
7.15 Skip Length  
Designed to speed up navigation and prevent unintentional track skipping when listening  
to long audio tracks, Skip Length changes the behavior of the Left and Right buttons  
so that they skip by a given number of minutes instead of skipping to a new track.  
Note: To skip tracks with this setting set to a time interval, press Short Left + Long  
Right to go forward and Short Right + Long Left to go back.  
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Chapter 8. General Settings  
54  
8 General Settings  
Figure 8.1: The general settings screen  
8.1 Playlist  
The Playlist sub menu allows you to configure settings related to playlists.  
Recursively Insert Directories. If set to On, then when a directory is inserted or  
queued into a dynamic playlist, all subdirectories will also be inserted. If set  
to Ask, Rockbox will prompt the user about whether to include sub-directories.  
Warn When Erasing Dynamic Playlist. If set to Yes, Rockbox will provide a warning  
if the user attempts to take an action that will cause Rockbox to erase the current  
dynamic playlist.  
8.2 File View  
The File View menu deals with options relating to how the File Browser displays files.  
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Sort Case Sensitive: If this option is set to Yes, all files that start with upper case  
letters will be listed first, followed by all files that begin with lower case letters. If  
this option is set to NO, then case will be ignored when sorting files.  
Sort Directories: This option controls how Rockbox sorts directories. The default is to  
sort them alphabetically. By date sorts them with the oldest directory first. By  
newest date sorts them with the newest directory first.  
Sort Files: This option controls how Rockbox sorts files. All of the options for Sort  
Directories are available in this option. In addition, there is a By type option  
which sorts files alphabetically by their type (such as .mp3) then alphabetically  
within each type.  
Show Files: This option controls which files are displayed in the File Browser.  
All: The File Browser displays all files and directories. Extensions are shown.  
No files or directories are hidden.  
Supported: The File Browser displays all directories and files supported by  
Rockbox (see section A.1 (page 140)). Files and directories starting with .  
(dot) or with the hidden flag set are hidden.  
Music: The File Browser displays only directories, playlists and the supported  
audio file formats. Extensions are stripped. Files and directories starting  
with . or with the “hidden” flag set are hidden.  
Playlists: The File Browser displays only directories and playlists, for simplified  
navigation.  
Show Filename Extensions: This option controls how file extensions are shown in the  
File Browser.  
Off: The file extensions are never shown.  
On: The file extensions are always shown.  
Only unknown types: Only the extensions of unknown filetypes are shown.  
Only when viewing all types: Only show file extensions when Show Files is set  
to All.  
Follow Playlist: This option determines what directory the File Browser displays  
first. If Follow Playlist is set to Yes, when you enter the File Browser from  
the WPS, you will find yourself in the same directory as the currently playing file.  
If Follow Playlist is set to No, when you enter the File Browser from the  
WPS, you will find yourself in the directory you were in when you last left the  
File Browser.  
Show Path: If this setting is set to Full Path the full path to the current directory  
will be displayed on the first line in the File Browser. If set to Current  
Directory Only only the name of the current directory will be displayed.  
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This has a similar effect on the Database browser. If set to Current Directory  
Only or Full Path, then the title of each menu will be displayed on the first line  
in the Database Browser.  
8.3 Database  
This sub menu allows you to configure the database. See section 4.2 (page 25) for more  
information about using the database.  
8.4 Display  
LCD Settings: This sub menu contains settings that relate to the display of the player.  
Backlight: The amount of time the backlight shines after a key press. If set to  
Off, the backlight will not light when a button is pressed. If set to On, the  
backlight will never shut off. If set to a time (1 to 90 seconds), the backlight  
will stay lit for that amount of time after a button press.  
Backlight (While Plugged In): This setting is equivalent to the Backlight set-  
ting except it applies when the player is plugged into the charger.  
Backlight on Hold: This setting controls the behavior of the backlight when the  
Hold switch is toggled. If set to Normal the backlight will behave as usual.  
If set to Off the backlight will be turned off immediately when the Hold  
switch is engaged and if set to On the backlight will be turned on and stay  
on while the Hold switch is engaged.  
Caption Backlight: This option turns on the backlight a number of seconds before  
the start of a new track, and keeps it on for the same number of seconds after  
the beginning so that the display can be read to see song information. The  
amount of time is determined by the value of the backlight timeout setting,  
but is no less than 5 seconds.  
First Keypress Enables Backlight Only: With this option enabled the first key-  
press while the backlight is turned off will only turn the backlight on without  
having any other effect. When disabled the first keypress will also perform  
its appropriate action.  
Sleep (After Backlight Off): This setting controls how long rockbox will wait be-  
fore turning off the display after the backlight is turned off. Turning off the  
display saves a little bit of battery power but turning on the display takes  
noticeably longer than just turning on the backlight.  
Brightness: Changes the brightness of your LCD display.  
Upside Down: Displays the screen so that the top of the display is nearest the  
buttons. This is sometimes useful when carrying the player in a pocket for  
easy access to the headphone socket.  
Scrolling This feature controls how text will scroll in Rockbox. You can configure the  
following parameters:  
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Scroll Speed: Sets how many times per second the automatic horizontal scrolling  
text will move a step.  
Scroll Start Delay: Controls how many milliseconds Rockbox should wait before  
a new text begins automatically scrolling.  
Scroll Step Size: Defines the number of pixels the text should move for each step,  
as used by the Scroll Speed setting.  
Bidirectional Scroll Limit: Rockbox has two different automatic horizontal scrolling  
methods: 1) always scrolling the text to the left until the line has ended and  
then beginning again at the start, and 2) moving to the left until you can  
read the end of the line and then scrolling right until you see the beginning  
again. Rockbox chooses which method it should use depending of how much  
it has to scroll to the left. This setting lets you tell Rockbox where that limit  
is, expressed in percentage of the line length.  
Screen Scrolls Out of View: Screens can be manually scrolled horizontally by  
pressing Long Right/Left. Setting this option to Yes will keep the list  
entries at their fixed positions and allow them to be scrolled out of view,  
whereas No will only scroll those entries which surpass the right margin.  
Screen Scroll Step Size: Defines the number of pixels the horizontal manual screen  
scroll should move for each step.  
Paged Scrolling: When set to Yes scrolling vertically on pages that surpass the  
screen size will page up/down instead of simply changing lines. This can be  
useful on slow displays.  
Status/Scrollbar: Settings related to on screen status display and the scrollbar.  
Scroll Bar: Enables or disables the scroll bar at the left.  
Status Bar: Enables or disables the status bar at the upper side.  
Volume Display: Controls whether the volume is displayed as a graphic or a nu-  
meric value on the Status Bar. If you select a numeric display, volume is  
displayed in decibels. See section 6.1 (page 42) for more on the volume set-  
ting.  
Battery Display: Controls whether the battery charge status is displayed as a  
graphic or numerical percentage value on the Status Bar.  
Peak Meter: The peak meter can be configured with a number of parameters.  
Peak Release: This determines how fast the bar shrinks when the music becomes  
softer. Lower values make the peak meter look smoother. Expressed in scale  
units per 10ms.  
Peak Hold Time: Specifies the time after which the peak indicator will reset. For  
example, if you set this value to 5s, the peak indicator displays the loudest  
volume value that occurred within the last 5 seconds. Larger values are useful  
if you want to find the peak level of a song, which might be of interest when  
copying music from the player via the analogue output to some other recording  
device.  
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Clip Hold Time: The number of seconds that the clipping indicator will be visible  
after clipping is detected.  
Scale: Select whether the peak meter displays linear or logarithmic values. The  
human ear perceives loudness on a logarithmic scale. If the Scale setting is  
set to Logarithmic (dB) scale, the volume values are scaled logarithmically.  
The volume meters of digital audio devices usually are scaled this way. On  
the other hand, if you are interested in the power level that is applied to  
your headphones you should choose Linear display. This setting cannot  
be displayed in units like volts or watts because such units depend on your  
headphones.  
Minimum and maximum range: These two options define the full value range  
that the peak meter displays. Recommended values for the Logarithmic  
(dB) setting are -40 dB for minimum and 0 dB for maximum. Recommended  
values for Linear display are 0 and 100%. Note that -40 dB is approxi-  
mately 1% in linear value, but if you change the minimum setting in linear  
mode slightly and then change to the dB scale, there will be a large change.  
You can use these values for ‘zooming’ into the peak meter.  
Default Codepage: A codepage describes the way extended characters that are not  
available within the ASCII character set are encoded. ID3v1 tags do not have a  
codepage encoding contained so Rockbox needs to know what encoding has been  
used when generating these tags. This should be “ISO-8859-1” but to support lan-  
guages outside Western Europe most applications use the setting of your operating  
system instead. If your operating system uses a different codepage and you are  
getting garbled extended characters you should adjust this settings. In most cases  
sticking to “ISO-8859-1” would be sufficient.  
8.5 System  
8.5.1 Start Screen  
Set the screen that Rockbox will start in. Selecting Resume Playback will resume  
playback where it was when the player was shut off if there is a playlist to resume and  
will then end up in the WPS. Selecting Previous Screen will make Rockbox start in  
the screen it was when the player was shut off.  
8.5.2 Battery  
Options relating to the battery in the player.  
Battery Capacity: This setting can be used to tell Rockbox what capacity (in mAh)  
the battery being used has. The default is , which is the capacity value for the  
standard battery shipped with the player. Rockbox uses this value to estimate  
remaining battery life for the info screen and WPS. Changing this setting has no  
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Chapter 8. General Settings  
59  
effect whatsoever on actual battery life. This setting only affects the accuracy of  
the battery life estimation as shown on screen.  
Charge During USB Connection: This option lets you control whether the player should  
charge during the USB connection and hence draw the full 500mA. Turning it Off  
is recommended if the dap is connected through an unpowered USB hub or a laptop  
port.  
8.5.3 Disk  
Options relating to the hard disk.  
Disk Spindown: Rockbox has a timer that makes it spin down the hard disk after it is  
idle for a certain amount of time. This setting controls the amount of time between  
the last user activity and the time that the disk spins down. This idle time is only  
affected by user activity, like navigating through the File Browser. When the  
hard disk spins up to fill the audio buffer, it automatically spins down afterwards.  
Directory Cache: Rockbox has the ability to cache the contents of your drive in RAM.  
The Directory Cache takes a small amount of memory away from Rockbox  
that would otherwise be used to buffer music, but it speeds up navigation in the  
file browser by eliminating the slight pause between the time a navigation button  
is pressed and the time Rockbox responds. Turning this setting on activates the  
directory cache, and turning it off deactivates the directory cache.  
Note: The first time you enable the directory cache, Rockbox will request a reboot  
of the player and upon restarting take a few minutes to scan the drive. After this,  
the directory cache will work in the background.  
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8.5.4 Idle Poweroff  
Rockbox can be configured to turn off power after the unit has been idle for a defined  
number of minutes. The player is idle when playback is stopped or paused. It is not idle  
while the USB or charger is connected . Settings are either Off or 1 to 10 minutes in  
1 minute steps. Then 15,30,45 and 60 minutes are available.  
8.5.5 Limits  
This sub menu relates to limits in the Rockbox operating system.  
Max Entries in File Browser: This setting controls the limit on the number of files  
that you can put in any particular directory in the file browser. You can configure  
the size to be between 50 and 10,000 files in steps of 50. The default is 400. Higher  
values will shorten the music buffer, so you should increase this setting only if you  
have directories with a large number of files.  
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Max Playlist Size: This setting controls the maximum size of a playlist. The playlist  
size can be between 1,000 and 32,000 files, in steps of 1,000 (default is 10,000).  
Higher values will shorten the music buffer, so you should increase this setting only  
if you have very large playlists.  
8.5.6 Car Adapter Mode  
This option turns On and Off the car ignition auto stop function.  
Car Adapter Mode: When using the player in a car, Car Adapter Mode automat-  
ically stops playback on the player when power (i.e. from cigarette lighter power  
adapter) to the external DC in jack is turned off. If the Car Adapter Mode  
is set to On, Rockbox will pause playback when the external power off condition  
is detected. Rockbox will then shutdown the player after the length of time set  
in the Idle Poweroff setting (see above). If power to the DC in jack is turned  
back on before the Idle Poweroff function has shut the player off, playback will be  
resumed 5 seconds after the power is applied. This delay is to allow for the time  
while the car engine is being started.  
Once the player is shut off either manually, or automatically with the Idle Poweroff  
function, it must be powered up manually to resume playback.  
8.5.7 Button Light Timeout  
This setting controls the amount of time the button lights shine after a button press. If  
set to Off, the LEDs will not light when a button is pressed. If set to On, the lights  
will never shut off. If set to a time (1 to 120 seconds), the buttons will stay lit for that  
amount of time after a button press.  
8.5.8 Button Light Brightness  
Changes the brightness of the button lights.  
8.6 Bookmarking  
Bookmarks allow you to save your current position within a track so that you can return  
to it at a later time. Bookmarks are saved on a per directory basis (for dynamic playlists)  
or for individual (saved) playlists. They are stored next to the directory/playlist they  
reference. You can store multiple bookmarks for the same track.  
Bookmark on Stop. This option controls whether Rockbox writes a bookmark to the  
disk when playback is stopped. Setting this to No turns automatic bookmarking  
completely off. In contrast Yes turns automatic bookmarking on while Ask asks  
on stopping the track if a bookmark should be created. With the above options  
Yes and Ask if there is an existing .bmark file the current position information  
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will be added to the front of the existing list, up to the maximum number of allowed  
bookmarks per file (currently 10). If no .bmark file exists, one will be created with  
the new bookmark information. Finally, if the Maintain a list of Recently  
Used Bookmarks option is enabled, the bookmarking information will be added  
to recent bookmarks list.  
Yes – Recent Only. Turns on automatic bookmarking – One bookmark only  
Ask – Recent Only. Asks if a bookmark should be created when stopping track –  
One bookmark only  
With the two Recent Only options, nothing is written to the .bmark file. If  
the Maintain a list of Recently Used Bookmarks option is enabled, the  
bookmarking information will however be added to recent bookmarks list.  
Note: The Resume function remembers your position in the most recently ac-  
cessed track regardless of how the Bookmark on Stop option is set.  
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Load Last Bookmark. When the Load Last Bookmark option is set to Yes, Rock-  
box automatically returns to the position of the last bookmark within a file when  
that file is played.  
When the Load Last Bookmark option is set to Ask, Rockbox will give the user  
the option of starting from the beginning of the track of or from the bookmark.  
When the Load Last Bookmark option is set to No, playback always starts  
from the beginning of the track, and the user must play the bookmark or use the  
Load Bookmark function in the Main Menu, while the file is playing, to resume  
at the bookmarked location.  
Maintain a list of Recently Used Bookmarks. This list of Most Recent Bookmarks  
(MRB’s) may be accessed through the Recent Bookmarks option of the Book-  
marks sub menu of the Main Menu. When set to Yes each new bookmark will be  
added to the MRB list. Setting this to No disables the addition of bookmarks to  
the MRB list. Unique Only behaves like the Yes setting but in addition all older  
entries for the current (dynamic) playlist will be removed from the MRB whenever  
a new entry is added.  
Bookmark Actions context menu. When viewing any bookmark list, pressing the stan-  
dard context menu key (Long Select) will bring up the Bookmark Actions context  
menu.  
Resume will commence playback of the currently-selected bookmark entry.  
Delete will remove just the currently-selected bookmark entry from the list.  
8.7 Language  
This setting controls the language of the Rockbox user interface. Selecting a language  
will activate it. The language files must be in the /.rockbox/langs/ directory. See  
section 11.1.3 (page 133) for further details about languages.  
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8.8 Voice  
Voice Menus. This option controls the voicing of menus/settings as they are selected  
by the cursor. In order for this to work, a voice file must be present in the  
/.rockbox/langs/ directory on the player. Voice files are large and are not  
shipped with Rockbox by default. The voice file is the name of the language  
for which it is made, followed by the extension .voice. So for English, the file  
name would be english.voice. This option is on by default, but will do nothing  
unless the appropriate voice file is installed in the correct place on the player. The  
Voice Menus have several limitations:  
• Setting the Sound Option Channels to Karaoke may disable voice menus.  
• Plugins and the wake up alarm do not support voice features.  
Voice Directories. This option controls voicing of directory names. A voice file must be  
present for this to work. Several options are available.  
Spell. Speak the directory name by spelling it out letter by letter. Support is  
provided only for the most common letters, numbers and punctuation.  
Numbers. Each directory is assigned a number based upon its position in the file  
list. They are then announced as “Directory 1”, “Directory 2” etc.  
Off. No attempt will be made to speak directory names.  
You can use pre-generated .talk clips to have directory names spoken properly, but  
you must enable this explicitly (see below).  
Use Directory .talk Clips. This option turns on the use of .talk clips for directories.  
On. Use special pre-recorded MP3 files ( dirname.talk) in each directory. These  
must be generated in advance, and are typically produced synthetically using  
a text-to-speech engine on a PC.  
Off. No checking is made for directory .talk clips; they are not used even if present.  
This can reduce disk activity.  
Use of a .talk clip takes precedence over other directory name voicing. Otherwise  
(e.g. if a .talk clip is not available), voicing uses the method set under Voice  
Directories above.  
Voice Filenames. This option controls voicing of filenames. Again, a voice file must be  
present for this to work. The options provided are Spell, Numbers, and Off  
which function the same as for Voice Directories. You can use pre-generated  
.talk clips to have filenames spoken properly, but you must enable this explicitly  
(see below).  
Use File .talk Clips. This option turns on the use of .talk clips for files.  
On. Use special pre-recorded MP3 files for each file. This functions the same as  
for directories except that the .talk clip file must have the same name as the  
described file with an extra .talk extension (e.g. Punkadiddle.mp3 would  
require a file called Punkadiddle.mp3.talk).  
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Chapter 8. General Settings  
63  
Off. No checking is made for file .talk clips; they are not used even if present. This  
can reduce disk activity.  
Use of a .talk clip takes precedence over other filename voicing. Otherwise (e.g. if  
a .talk clip is not available), voicing uses the method set under Voice Filenames  
above.  
Say File Type. This option turns on voicing of file types when Voice Filenames is set  
to Spell or Numbers. When Voice Directories is set to Spell, “Directory”  
will be voiced after each spelled out directory.  
Announce Battery Level. When this option is enabled the battery level is announced  
when it falls under 50%, 30% and 15%.  
See ZVoiceHowto for more details on configuring speech support in Rockbox.  
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Chapter 9. Theme Settings  
64  
9 Theme Settings  
The Theme Settings menu offers options that you can change to customize the visual  
apperance of Rockbox.  
Browse Themes. This option will display all the currently installed themes on the  
player, press Select or Right to load the chosen theme and apply it.  
A theme is a configuration file, stored in a specific directory, that typically changes  
the WPS , font used and on some platforms additional information such as back-  
ground image and text colours.  
There are a number of themes that ship with Rockbox. If none of these suit your  
needs, many more can be downloaded from . Some of the downloads from this  
website will actually be standalone WPS files, others will be full-blown themes.  
Note: Themes do not have to be purely visual. It is quite possible to create a theme  
that switches between audio configurations for use in the car, with headphones and  
when connected to an external amplifier. See section 11.2.2 (page 134) for more  
details.  
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Browse Fonts. Browse the installed fonts on your player. Selecting one will activate it.  
See section 11.1.2 (page 133) for further details about fonts.  
Browse WPS files. Opens the File Browser in the /.rockbox/wps directory and  
displays all .wps files. Selecting one will activate it, stop will exit back to the  
menu. For further information about the WPS see section 4.3 (page 28). For  
information about editing a .wps file see section 11.2 (page 134).  
Show Icons. Rockbox has the ability to display an icon to the left of the file in the File  
Browser. For details of these icons, see section A.1 (page 140). These icons can  
also be customised. See the ZIconSets and ZCustomIcons Wiki pages for details.  
Clear Backdrop: Rockbox allows you to select bitmap pictures to use as backdrops, see  
section 11.1.6 (page 134) for further information. This option allows you to clear  
the backdrops that you set.  
Line Selector Type. This option allows you to select which type of line selector to use.  
Pointer: A small arrow to the left of the menu text.  
Bar (inverse): A bar with inverted foreground and background colour.  
Bar (Solid Colour): A bar with a solid colour, the colour is set in the Colours  
submenu.  
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Chapter 9. Theme Settings  
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Bar (Gradient Colour): A bar with a colour gradient, the colours are set in the  
Colours submenu.  
Colours. The options in this menu sets the colours for visual elements in Rockbox.  
Line Selector Colours. These options sets the colours for the line selector bars.  
Primary Colour: Set the primary colour used for the gradient line selector  
bar and the colour used for the solid color line selector bar.  
Secondary Colour: Set the secondary colour used for the gradient line selec-  
tor bar.  
Text Colour: Set the colour of the selected text when using the solid colour  
or the gradient colour line selection bars.  
Background Colour: Sets the background colour for the display.  
Foreground Colour: Sets the colour used for text and icons.  
Reset Colours: Resets the LCD display to Rockbox’s default colours.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
66  
10 Plugins  
Plugins are programs that Rockbox can load and run. Only one plugin can be loaded at  
a time. Plugins have exclusive control over the user interface. This means you cannot  
switch back and forth between a plugin and Rockbox. When a plugin is loaded, you  
need to exit it to return to the Rockbox interface. Most plugins will not interfere with  
music playback but some of them will stop playback while running. Plugins have the  
file extension .rock. Most of them can be started from Browse Plugins in the Main  
Menu.  
Viewer plugins get started automatically by opening an associated file (i.e. text files,  
chip8 games), or from the Open with option on the Context Menu.  
10.1 Games  
See also the Chip-8 emulator in section 10.3.2 (page 111) and Rockboy in section 10.3.7  
(page 115).  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.1.1 Blackjack  
Figure 10.1: Blackjack  
Blackjack, a game played in casinos around the world, is now available in the palm of  
your hand! The rules are simple: try to get as close to 21 without going over or simply  
beat out the dealer for the best hand. Although this may not seem difficult, blackjack  
is a game renowned for the strategy involved. This version includes the ability to split,  
buy insurance, and double down.  
For the full set of rules to the game, and other facinating information visit  
http://www.blackjackinfo.com/blackjack-rules.php  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
68  
Key  
Action  
In menu  
A
Start new game  
Resume saved game  
Show high scores  
Quit  
Menu  
Right  
Power  
In game  
Left / Right /  
Up / Down  
Volume up  
Volume down  
Select  
Enter betting amount  
Hit (Draw new card)  
Stay (End hand)  
Double down  
Menu  
Save game  
Power  
Return to menu or cancel  
10.1.2 BrickMania  
Figure 10.2: BrickMania  
BrickMania is a clone of the classic game Breakout. The aim of the game is to destroy  
all the bricks by hitting them with the ball once or more. Sometimes a special item falls  
down when you destroy a brick. For a special item to take effect, you must catch it with  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
69  
the paddle. Look out for the bad ones.  
Special items  
Displayed Name Description  
N
D
L
F
G
B
Normal Returns paddle to normal.  
Die  
Ball dies; lose a life.  
Life  
Fire  
Glue  
Ball  
Flip  
Gain a life.  
Allows you to shoot bricks with paddle.  
Ball sticks to paddle each time it hits.  
Immediately fires another ball.  
Flip left / right movement.  
FL  
Key  
Action  
Left / Right  
Select / Up  
Power  
Moves the paddle  
Release the ball / Fire  
Open menu / Quit  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.1.3 Bubbles  
Figure 10.3: Bubbles  
The goal of the game is to beat each level as quickly as possible by clearing the board of  
all bubbles. Bubbles are removed from the board when a cluster of three of more of the  
same type is formed. The game is over when any bubbles on the board extend below  
the bottom line. To make things more difficult, the entire board is shifted down every  
time a certain number of shots have been fired. Points are awarded depending on how  
quickly the level was completed.  
Key  
Action  
Power  
Left / Right  
Select  
Pause game  
Aim the bubble  
Fire bubble  
Save game  
Menu  
Power  
Exit to menu  
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Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
71  
10.1.4 Chessbox  
Figure 10.4: Chessbox  
Chessbox is a one-person chess game with computer artificial intelligence. The chess  
engine is a port of GNU Chess 2 by John Stanback.  
It also works as a PGN file viewer. Instead of executing the game from the plugin  
menu, look for any file with .pgn extension in the file browser and execute it. Chessbox  
will show the list of matches included in the file and allow you to select the one you want  
to watch. After that, you can scroll back and forth through the moves of the game. If  
the menu is invoked while in the viewer, the user is allowed to select a new match from  
the same file or quit the game.  
“Force play” while the computer is thinking will cause it to make its move immediately.  
If done while it’s your turn, the computer will move for you and flip the board so that  
you are playing from the other side. If you want, you can force play an entire game and  
watch the artificial intelligence fight against itself.  
When you quit the game the current state will be saved and restored when you resume  
the game. The menu also allows the user to reload the last game saved, save the current  
position and start a new game without having to quit the game.  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
72  
Keys  
Key  
Action  
Direction keys  
Select  
Menu  
Move the cursor  
Pick up / Drop piece  
Change level  
A
Force play  
Power  
Show the menu  
10.1.5 Chopper  
Navigate a cavernous maze without banging into walls, the ceiling, or the floor. How  
long can you fly your chopper?  
Key  
Action  
Select  
Menu  
Make chopper fly  
Enter menu  
10.1.6 Dice  
Dice is a simple dice rolling simulator. Select number and type of dice to roll in a menu  
and start by choosing “Roll Dice”. The result is shown as individual numbers as well as  
the total of the rolled dice.  
Key  
Action  
A
Power  
Roll dice again  
Quit  
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Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
73  
10.1.7 Doom  
Figure 10.5: Doom  
This is the famous Doom game.  
Getting started  
For the game to run you need .wad game files located in /.rockbox/doom/ on your  
player. Create the directory and save the following files there:  
rockdoom.wad. The Rockbox .wad, based on prboom.wad from prboom-2.2.6  
Your wad files. Copy all Doom wads you wish to play into that directory.  
The needed files can be found at ZPluginDoom  
To play addon wads create the addons directory within the doom directory. Place wad  
files in this directory. Currently doom only supports a maximum number of 10 addons.  
A free alternative for Doom 2 is FreeDoom (http://freedoom.sourceforge.net). This  
can be used in place of doom2.wad, or it may be used as an addon in Doom, by placing  
it in the addons directory.  
Menus  
Rockdoom Menu. The Rockdoom menu is shown when Doom is first launched. This is  
the only time it can be accessed (before starting the game). To re-adjust Rockdoom  
options, you will need to quit your current game and restart the plugin.  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
74  
Main Menu. The Doom plugin has a main menu, which is brought up before a game  
is started. It has the following entries:  
Game. Select which (official) wad to launch  
Addon. Select which unofficial addon wad to launch (From /.rockbox/doom/addons  
directory)  
Demos. Select which demo file to play on game start  
Options. Configure low-level Doom options  
Play Game. Launch the wad/addon/Demo chosen  
Options Menu. This menu has the following options:  
Sound. Enable or Disable sound in Doom  
Set Keys. Change the game key configuration  
Time Demo. Run a timed demo, to test game speed on a player (Only runs on  
Doom Shareware)  
Player Bobbing. Enable or Disable player up/Down movement  
Translucency. Enable or Disable sprite translucency (Fireballs, Plasma...)  
Fake Contrast. Enable or Disable modified game lighting  
Always Run. Make the player always run  
Headsup Display. Show the player status when in fullscreen  
Statusbar Always Red. Disable color response statusbar  
InGame Main Menu. This menu can only be accessed from within a running game,  
and is displayed by  
New Game. Start a new game  
Options. In game options  
Load Game. Load a saved game  
Save Game. Save the current game  
Quit. Quit the game  
InGame Options Menu. This menu has the folloing options:  
End Game. Ends the current game  
Messages. Enable or Disable in game messages  
Screen Size. Shrink or Enlarge the displayed portion of the game  
Gamma. Change the brightness (Gamma) of the game  
Sound Volume. Change the sound, music and system volume  
Note: In game music is not currently supported  
b
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
75  
Keys  
Key  
Action  
Up  
Down  
Left  
Right  
A
Move Forward  
Down  
Turn Left  
Turn Right  
Shoot  
Menu  
Power  
Select  
Volume down  
Open  
Escape  
Enter  
Change Weapon  
Playing the game  
After installation of the wad files is complete you can start the game.  
10.1.8 Flipit  
Figure 10.6: Flipit  
Flipping the colour of the token under the cursor also flips the tokens above, below, left  
and right of the cursor. The aim is to end up with a screen containing tokens of only  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
76  
one colour.  
Key  
Action  
Up / Down /  
Left / Right  
Select  
Move the cursor  
Flip  
Menu  
Shuffle  
Volume up  
Volume down  
Power  
Solve  
Solve step by step  
Quit the game  
10.1.9 Jewels  
Figure 10.7: Jewels  
Jewels is a simple yet addicting game which involves swapping pairs of jewels in order  
to form connected segments of three or more of the same type.  
The goal of the game is to score as many points as possible before running out of  
available moves. Higher points are awarded to larger combos. The game advances to  
the next level after every one hundred points and randomly clears several jewels.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
77  
Key  
Action  
Left/Right/  
Up/Down  
Select  
Move the cursor around the jewels  
Select a jewel  
Long Select  
Power  
Show the in-game menu  
Exit  
10.1.10 MazezaM  
Figure 10.8: MazezaM  
The goal of this puzzle game is to escape a dungeon consisting of ten “mazezams”. These  
are rooms containing rows of blocks which can be shifted left or right. You can move  
the rows only by pushing them and if you move the rows carelessly, you will get stuck.  
You can have another go by selecting “retry level” from the menu, but this will cost you  
a life. You start the game with three lives. Luckily, there are checkpoints at levels four  
and eight.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
78  
Key  
Action  
Up, Down, Left,  
Move Character  
Right  
Power  
Menu  
10.1.11 Minesweeper  
Figure 10.9: Minesweeper plugin  
The classic game of minesweeper. Use to select the required percentage of mines to  
set the difficulty then press the key to begin.  
The aim of the game is to uncover all of the squares on the board. If a mine is  
uncovered then the game is over. If a mine is not uncovered, then the number of mines  
adjacent to the current square is revealed. The aim is to use the information you are  
given to work out where the mines are and avoid them. When the player is certain that  
they know the location of a mine, it can be tagged to avoid accidentally “stepping” on  
it.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
79  
Key  
Action  
Up / Down /  
Left / Right  
A
Move the cursor across the minefield  
Toggle flag on / off  
Select  
Menu  
Power  
Reveal the contents of the current square  
Display the current game status  
Exit the game  
10.1.12 Pacbox  
Figure 10.10: Pacbox  
Pacbox is an emulator of the Pacman arcade machine hardware. It is a port of PIE –  
Pacman Instructional Emulator (http://www.ascotti.org/programming/pie/pie.htm).  
ROMs  
To use the emulator to play Pacman, you need a copy of ROMs for “Midway Pacman”.  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
80  
Filename MD5 checksum  
pacman.5e 2791455babaf26e0b396c78d2b45f8f6  
pacman.5f 9240f35d1d2beee0ff17195653b5e405  
pacman.6e 290aa5eae9e2f63587b5dd5a7da932da  
pacman.6f 19a886fcd8b5e88b0ed1b97f9d8659c0  
pacman.6h d7cce8bffd9563b133ec17ebbb6373d4  
pacman.6j 33c0e197be4c787142af6c3be0d8f6b0  
These need to be stored in the /.rockbox/pacman/ directory on your player. In the  
MAME ROMs collection the necessary files can be found in pacman.zip and puckman.zip.  
The MAME project itself can be found at http://www.mame.net.  
Keys  
Key  
Action  
Up  
Move Up  
Down  
Left  
Right  
A
Select  
Power  
Menu  
Move Down  
Move Left  
Move Right  
Insert Coin  
1-Player Start  
2-Player Start  
Menu  
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Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
81  
10.1.13 Pegbox  
Figure 10.11: pegbox  
To beat each level, you must destroy all of the pegs. If two like pegs are pushed into  
each other they disappear except for triangles which form a solid block and crosses which  
allow you to choose a replacement block.  
Key  
Action  
In game  
Up, Down,  
Left, Right  
Select  
to move around  
to select/save  
to restart level  
to go up a level  
to go down a level  
to quit  
A
Volume up  
Volume down  
Power  
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Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.1.14 Pong  
Figure 10.12: Pong  
Pong is a simple two player “tennis game”. Whenever a player misses the ball the other  
scores.  
Key  
Action  
Up  
Down  
Volume up  
Volume down  
Power  
Left player up  
Left player down  
Right player up  
Right player down  
Quit  
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Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
83  
10.1.15 Robotfindskitten  
Figure 10.13: Robotfindskitten  
In this game, you are robot (#). Your job is to find kitten. This task is complicated  
by the existence of various things which are not kitten. Robot must touch items to  
determine if they are kitten or not. The game ends when robotfindskitten.  
Key  
Action  
Up, Down, Left,  
Right  
Move robot  
Power  
Quit  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.1.16 Rockblox  
Figure 10.14: Rockblox  
Rockblox is a rockbox version of the classic falling blocks game. The aim of the game is  
to make the falling blocks of different shapes form full rows. Whenever a row is complete  
it will be cleared and the game score will increase. For every ten lines completed the  
game level increases, making the blocks fall faster. If the pile of blocks reach the ceiling  
the game is over.  
Key  
Action  
A
Left  
Right  
Down  
Volume up  
Volume down  
Select  
Restart game  
Move left  
Move right  
Move down  
Rotate left  
Rotate right  
Drop  
Hold switch  
Power  
Pause  
Quit  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
85  
10.1.17 Rockblox1d  
Rockblox1d is a game for people who find rockblox too hard. In this version the second  
dimension is missing so the user only has to move the bricks down. No horizontal moving  
anymore and no need to rotate the brick!  
Key  
Action  
Select  
Power  
Move down faster  
Quit  
10.1.18 Sliding Puzzle  
Figure 10.15: Sliding puzzle  
The classic sliding puzzle game. Rearrange the pieces so that you can see the whole  
picture, or switch to number tiles if you like it a little easier  
Key controls:  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
86  
Key  
Action  
Left, Right, Up  
Move Tile  
and Down  
Select  
A
Shuffle  
Change between picture and numbered  
tiles  
Power  
Stop the game  
10.1.19 Snake  
Figure 10.16: Snake  
This is the popular snake game. The aim is to grow your snake as large as possible by  
eating the dots that appear on the screen. The game will end when the snake touches  
either the borders of the screen or itself.  
Key  
Action  
Up/Down  
Select  
Change levels (1 is slowest, 9 is fastest)  
Toggle Play/Pause  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
87  
10.1.20 Snake 2  
Figure 10.17: Snake 2 – The Snake Strikes Back  
Another version of the Snake game. Move the snake around, and eat the apples that  
pop up on the screen. Each time an apple is eaten, the snake gets longer. The game  
ends when the snake hits a wall, or runs into itself.  
Key  
Action  
In menu  
Up / Down  
Right / Left  
Menu  
Set game speed  
Select starting maze  
Select game type (A or B)  
Start the game  
Select  
In game  
Up / Down /  
Left / Right  
Select  
Steer the snake  
Pause and resume the game  
Quit  
Power  
In game A, the maze stays the same, in game B after an increasing number of apples  
eaten the maze is replaced by a new one.  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.1.21 Sokoban  
Figure 10.18: Sokoban  
The object of the game is to push boxes into their correct position in a crowded warehouse  
with a minimal number of pushes and moves. The boxes can only be pushed, never  
pulled, and only one can be pushed at a time.  
Sokoban may be used as a viewer for viewing saved solutions and playing external  
level sets with the .sok extension. Level sets should be in the standard Sokoban text  
format or RLE (Run Length Encoded). For more information about the level format,  
see http://sokobano.de/wiki/index.php?title=Level format  
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Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
89  
Key  
Action  
In game  
Up, Down, Left,  
Right  
Move the “sokoban” up, down, left, or  
right  
Power  
Menu  
Volume down  
Menu  
Back to previous level  
Restart level  
Volume up  
Select  
A
Go to next level  
Undo last movement  
Redo previously undone move  
Solution playback  
Pause/resume  
Select  
Up/Down  
Left/Right  
Power  
Increase/decrease playback speed  
Go backward/forward (while paused)  
Quit  
Some places where can you can find level sets:  
• http://www.sourcecode.se/sokoban/levels.php  
• http://sokobano.de/en/levels.php  
Note that some level sets may contain levels that are too large for this version of Sokoban  
and are unplayable as a result.  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
90  
10.1.22 Solitaire  
Figure 10.19: Klondike solitaire  
This is the classic Klondike solitaire game for Rockbox. This is probably the best-known  
solitaire in the world. Many people do not even realize that other games exist. Though  
the name may not be familiar, the game itself certainly is. This is due in no small part  
to Microsoft’s inclusion of the the game in every version of Windows. Though popular,  
the odds of winning are rather low, perhaps one in thirty hands.  
For the full set of rules to the game, and other interesting information visit http:  
//www.solitairecentral.com/rules/klondike.html  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
91  
Key  
Action  
Up / Down  
Left / Right  
Select  
/
Move Cursor around.  
Select cards, move cards, reveal hidden  
cards...  
Menu  
If a card was selected – unselect it, else  
Draw 3 new cards from the remains stack  
Put the card from the top of the remains  
stack on top of the cursor  
Put the card under the cursor on one of  
the 4 final colour stacks.  
Put the card on top of the remains stack  
on one of the final colour stacks.  
Show menu  
A + Left  
Long Select  
A + Right  
Power  
10.1.23 Spacerocks  
Figure 10.20: Spacerocks  
Spacerocks is a clone of the old arcade game Asteroids. The goal of the game is to blow  
up the asteroids and avoid being hit by them. Once in a while, a UFO will appear –  
shoot this for extra points.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
92  
Key  
Action  
Select  
Up  
Shoot  
Thrust  
Left/ Right  
Down  
A
Turn left/right  
Teleport  
Pause game  
Quit  
Power  
10.1.24 Star  
Figure 10.21: Star game  
This is a puzzle game. It is actually a rewrite of Star, a game written by CDK designed  
for the hp48 calculator.  
Rules: Take all of the “o”s to go to the next level. You can switch control between  
the filled circle, which can take “o”s, and the filled square, which is used as a mobile  
wall to allow your filled circle to get to places on the screen it could not otherwise reach.  
The block cannot take “o”s.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
93  
Key  
Action  
Left  
Move Left  
Right  
Move Right  
Up  
Move Up  
Down  
Select  
Volume down  
A
Move Down  
Switch between circle and square  
Previous level  
Reset level  
Volume up  
Power  
Next level  
Exit the game  
10.1.25 Sudoku  
Figure 10.22: Sudoku  
Sudoku in Rockbox can act as both a plugin and a viewer. When starting Sudoku from  
the Browse Plugins menu, a random game will be generated automatically, and an  
estimate of its difficulty (very easy, easy, medium, hard or fiendish) will be displayed  
on the screen. New games can be generated from the Generate menu option. When  
“playing” an existing Sudoku game file from Rockbox’ file browser the plugin is invoked  
as viewer. The selected Sudoku will get loaded and you can start solving it. The sudoku  
games need to be stored as text files with the extension .ss as single file per game.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
94  
You can create and save your own grids under the New menu option. Enter the menu  
(as described in the key table below) when you have finished and enter the full path to  
save to including the .ss extension (e.g. /sudoku/new.ss).  
The scratchpad  
When you play Sudoku on paper most people like to mark numbers in cells that are  
possible candidates for the cells. This can be done with the scratchpad, shown as separate  
column. Change the number under the cursor to the number you want to put on the  
scratchpad and press the scratchpad button, the number will then be added. If the  
number was already on the scratchpad it will get removed again. The column is stored  
seperatly for every cell on the board. The stored values can be displayed inline as small  
dots by enabling the Show Markings settings.  
Note: The scratchpad is not saved when saving the game.  
b
Key  
Action  
Up / Down /  
Left / Right  
Select  
Move the cursor  
Change number under the cursor  
Constantly changing the number under  
the cursor  
Long Select  
Menu  
A
Power  
Open Menu  
Add/Remove number to scratchpad  
Quit  
Some places where can you can find .ss files:  
• Simple Sudoku (Advanced Puzzle Packs 1 and 2 located near the bottom of that  
page): http://www.angusj.com/sudoku/  
• Kjell’s Sudoku generator/solver: http://kjell.haxx.se/sudoku/  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
95  
10.1.26 Wormlet  
Figure 10.23: Wormlet game  
Wormlet is a multi-worm game on a multi-threaded multi-functional Rockbox console.  
You navigate a hungry little worm. Help your worm to find food and to avoid poisoned  
argh-tiles. The goal is to turn your tiny worm into a big worm for as long as possible.  
Menu controls:  
Key  
Action  
Left / Right  
Controls number of worms in the game  
Game controls:  
Key  
Action  
Left  
Turn left  
Right  
Up  
Turn right  
Turn Up  
Down  
Turn Down  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
96  
The game  
Use the control keys of your worm to navigate around obstacles and find food. Worms  
do not stop moving except when dead. Dead worms are no fun. Be careful as your worm  
will try to eat anything that you steer it across. It won’t distinguish whether it is edible  
or not.  
Food. The small square hollow pieces are food. Move the worm over a food tile to eat  
it. After eating the worm grows. Each time a piece of food has been eaten a new  
piece of food will pop up somewhere. Unfortunately for each new piece of food  
that appears two new “argh” pieces will appear, too.  
Argh. An “argh” is a black square poisoned piece - slightly bigger than food - that  
makes a worm say “Argh!” when run into. A worm that eats an “argh” is dead.  
Thus eating an “argh” must be avoided under any circumstances. “Arghs” have  
the annoying tendency to accumulate.  
Worms. Thou shall not eat worms. Neither other worms nor thyself. Eating worms is  
blasphemous cannibalism, not healthy and causes instant death. And it doesn’t  
help anyway: the other worm isn’t hurt by the bite. It will go on creeping happily  
and eat all the food you left on the table.  
Walls. Don’t crash into the walls. Walls are not edible. Crashing a worm against a wall  
causes it a headache it doesn’t survive.  
Game over. The game is over when all worms are dead. The longest worm wins the  
game.  
Pause the game. Press to pause the game. Press again to resume the game.  
Stop the game. There are two ways to stop a running game.  
• If you want to quit Wormlet entirely simply hit . The game will stop  
immediately and you will return to the game menu.  
• If you want to stop the game and still see the screen hit  
. This freezes  
the game. If you hit button again a new game starts with the same  
configuration. To return to the games menu you can hit . A stopped game  
can not be resumed.  
The scoreboard  
On the right side of the game field is the score board. For each worm it displays its  
status and its length. The top most entry displays the state of worm 1, the second worm  
2 and the third worm 3. When a worm dies its entry on the score board turns black.  
Len: Here the current length of the worm is displayed. When a worm is eating food it  
grows by one pixel for each step it moves.  
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Hungry: That’s the normal state of a worm. Worms are always hungry and want to eat.  
It is good to have a hungry worm since it means that your worm is alive. But it is  
better to get your worm growing.  
Growing: When a worm has eaten a piece of food it starts growing. For each step it  
moves over food it can grow by one pixel. One piece of food lasts for 7 steps. After  
your worm has moved 7 steps the food is used up. If another piece of food is eaten  
while growing it will increase the size of the worm for another 7 steps.  
Crashed: This indicates that a worm has crashed against a wall.  
Argh: If the score board entry displays “Argh!” it means the worm is dead because it  
tried to eat an “argh”. Until we can make the worm say “Argh!” it is your job to  
say “Argh!” aloud.  
Wormed: The worm tried to eat another worm or even itself. That’s why it is dead  
now. Making traps for other players with a worm is a good way to get them out  
of the game.  
Hints  
• Initially you will be busy with controlling your worm. Try to avoid other worms  
and crawl far away from them. Wait until they curl up themselves and collect the  
food afterwards. Don’t worry if the other worms grow longer than yours - you can  
catch up after they’ve died.  
• When you are more experienced watch the tactics of other worms. Those worms  
controlled by artificial stupidity head straight for the nearest piece of food. Let  
the other worm have its next piece of food and head for the food it would probably  
want next. Try to put yourself between the opponent and that food. From now  
on you can ’control’ the other worm by blocking it. You could trap it by making  
a 1 pixel wide U-turn. You also could move from food to food and make sure you  
keep between your opponent and the food. So you can always reach it before your  
opponent.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
98  
10.1.27 Xobox  
Figure 10.24: Xobox  
Xobox is a simple clone of the well known arcade game Qix. The aim of the game is to  
section off parts of the arena with your trail in order to remove that section from the  
game. Be careful not to get in the way of enemy balls because, if they hit you or your  
trail, you lose a life. To finish a level you have to section off more than 75%.  
Key  
Action  
Up, Down, Left,  
Move around the arena  
Right  
A
Pause  
Power  
Open menu  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.2 Demos  
10.2.1 Bounce  
Figure 10.25: Bounce  
This demo is of the word “Rockbox” bouncing across the screen. There is also an  
analogue clock in the background. In Scroll mode the bouncing text is replaced by a  
different one scrolling from right to left.  
Key  
Action  
Up / Down  
Left / Right  
A
Moves to next/previous option  
Increases/decreases option value  
Toggles Scroll mode  
Power  
Exits bounce demo  
Available options are:  
Xdist/Ydist. The distance to X axis and Y axis respectively  
Xadd/Yadd. How fast the code moves on the sine curve on each axis  
Xsane/Ysane. Changes the appearance of the bouncing.  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.2.2 Credits  
The credits plugin scrolls the entire list of the names of all the Rockbox contributors after  
displaying the Rockbox logo and version. This plugin is called when selecting Version  
from the System section of the Rockbox main menu. Exit at any time by pressing Left  
or Power.  
10.2.3 Cube  
Figure 10.26: Cube  
This is a rotating cube screen saver in 3D.  
Key  
Action  
A
Select  
Display at maximum frame rate  
Pause  
Menu  
Cycle draw mode  
Right / Left  
Up / Down  
Select axis to adjust  
Change speed/angle (speed can not be  
changed while paused)  
Quit  
Power  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.2.4 Demystify  
Figure 10.27: Demystify  
Demystify is a screen saver like demo.  
Key  
Action  
Right / Left  
Up / Down  
Power  
Increase / decrease speed  
Add / remove polygon  
Quit  
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10.2.5 Fire  
Figure 10.28: Fire  
Fire is a demo displaying a fire effect.  
Key  
Action  
Up / Down  
Left  
Increase / decrease number of flames  
Toggle flame type  
Right  
Power  
Toggle moving flames  
Quit  
10.2.6 Logo  
Demo showing the Rockbox logo bouncing around the screen.  
Key  
Action  
Right / Left  
Up / Down  
Power  
Increase / decrease speed on the x-axis  
Increase / decrease speed on the y-axis  
Quit  
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10.2.7 Mandelbrot  
Figure 10.29: Mandelbrot  
This demonstration draws fractal images from the Mandelbrot set .  
Key  
Action  
Direction keys  
Select  
Move about the image  
Zoom in  
Long Select  
Volume down  
Volume up  
A
Zoom out  
Decrease iteration depth (less detail)  
Increase iteration depth (more detail)  
Reset and return to the default image  
Quit  
Power  
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10.2.8 Mosaique  
Figure 10.30: Mosaique  
This simple graphics demo draws a mosaic picture on the screen of the player. Press  
Power to quit.  
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10.2.9 Oscilloscope  
Figure 10.31: Oscilloscope  
This demo shows the shape of the sound samples that make up the music being played.  
At faster speed rates, the player is less responsive to user input and music may start to  
skip.  
Keys  
Key  
Action  
Select  
Down  
Up  
A
Toggle filled / curve / plot  
Toggle whether to scroll or not  
Toggle drawing orientation  
Pause the demo  
Volume up /  
Volume down  
Right / Left  
Power  
Increase / decrease volume  
Increase / decrease speed  
Exit demo  
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106  
10.2.10 Plasma  
Figure 10.32: Plasma  
Plasma is a demo displaying a 80’s style retro plasma effect.  
Key  
Action  
Up / Down  
Select  
Power  
Adjust frequency  
Change colours  
Quit  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.2.11 Snow  
Figure 10.33: Have you ever seen snow falling?  
This demo replicates snow falling on your screen. If you love winter, you will love this  
demo. Or maybe not. Press Power to quit.  
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10.2.12 Starfield  
Figure 10.34: Starfield  
Starfield simulation (like the classic screensaver).  
Key  
Action  
Right / Left  
Up / Down  
Select  
Increase / decrease number of stars  
Increase / decrease speed  
Change colours  
Power  
Quit  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.2.13 VU meter  
Figure 10.35: VU-Meter  
This is a VU meter, which displays the volume of the left and right audio channels.  
There are 3 types of meter selectable. The analogue meter is a classic needle style. The  
digital meter is modelled after LED volume displays, and the mini-meter option allows  
for the display of small meters in addition to the main display (as above). From the  
settings menu the decay time for the meter (its memory), the meter type and the meter  
scale can be changed.  
Key  
Action  
Power  
A
Save settings and quit  
Help  
Menu  
Up  
Down  
Settings  
Raise Volume  
Lower Volume  
10.3 Viewers  
Viewers are plugins which are associated with specific file extensions. They cannot be  
run directly but are started by “playing” the associated file. Viewers are stored in the  
/.rockbox/rocks/viewers/ directory.  
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10.3.1 Shortcuts  
The Shortcuts Plugin allows you to jump to places within the file browser without having  
to navigate there manually. The plugin works with .link files. A .link file is just a  
text file with every line containing the name of the file or the directory you want to  
quickly jump to. All names should be full absolute names, i.e. they should start with a  
/. Directory names should also end with a /.  
How to create .link files  
You can use your favourite text editor to create a .link file on the PC an then copy  
the file to the player. Or you can use the context menu on either a file or a directory in  
the file browser tree, and use the “Add to shortcuts” menu option. This will append a  
line with the full name of the file or the directory to the shortcuts.link file in the root  
directory of the player. (The file will be created if it does not exist yet.) You can later  
rename the automatically created shortcuts.link file or move it to another directory  
if you wish. Subsequent calls of the context menu will create it again.  
How to use .link files, i.e. jump to desired places  
To use a .link file just “play” it from the file browser. This will show you a list with the  
entries in the file. Selecting one of them will then exit the plugin and leave you within  
the directory selected, or with the file selected in the file browser. You can then play  
the file or do with it whatever you want. The file will not be “played” automatically.  
If the .link file contains only one entry no list will be shown, you will directly jump  
to that location. The file shortcuts.link in the root directory is an exception. After  
“playing” it, the list will be shown even if the file contains just one entry.  
If the list you are seeing is from shortcuts.link in the root directory, you can delete  
the selected entry by pressing Menu. Deleting entries from other .link files is not  
possible.  
Advanced Usage  
Placing the line “#Display last path segments=n” (where n is a number) in the beginning  
of a .link file will leave just the last n segments of the entries when they are shown. For  
example, if n is chosen to be 1, then the entry /MyMusic/collection/song.mp3 will be  
shown as song.mp3. This allows you to hide common path prefixes.  
You can also provide a custom display name for each entry individually. To do so,  
append a tabulator character after the entry’s path followed by your custom name. That  
name will then be used for showing the entry. For example:  
Example  
/MyMusic/collection/song.mp3<TAB>My favourite song!  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.3.2 Chip-8 Emulator  
Chip8 is a kind of assembly language for a long-gone architecture. This plugin runs  
games written using the chip8 instructions. To start a game open a .ch8 file in the File  
Browser  
There are lots of tiny Chip8 games (usually only about 256 bytes to a couple of  
KB) which were made popular by the HP48 calculator’s emulator for them. The orig-  
inal Chip8 had 64x32 pixel graphics, and the new superchip emulator supports 128x64  
graphics.  
The only problem is that they are based on a 4x4 keyboard, but since most games do  
not use all of the buttons, this can easily be worked around.  
To do this, one may put a .c8k file with the same name as the original program  
which contains new key mappings (for BLINKY.ch8, one writes a BLINKY.c8k file). That  
.c8k file contains 16 characters describing the mapping from the Chip8 keyboard to  
the default key mapping (that way, several Chip8 keys can be pressed using only one  
Rockbox key). For example, a file containing the single line:  
Code  
0122458469ABCDEF  
would correspond to the following non-default mappings:  
3 → 2, 6 → 8, 7 →4, 8 → 6.  
The default keymappings are:  
Chip8 Off  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
Some places where can you can find .ch8 files:  
• The PluginChip8 page on www.rockbox.org has several attached: ZPluginChip8  
• Check out the HP48 chip games section: http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/games/chip/  
• PC emulator by the guy who wrote the HP48 emulator: http://www.pdc.kth.se/  
∼lfo/chip8/CHIP8.htm  
• Links to other chip8 emulators: http://www.zophar.net/chip8.html  
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Chapter 10. Plugins  
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10.3.3 JPEG viewer  
Open a JPEG file in the File Browser to view it.  
Note: When an audio file is playing the size of the image is limited as the decoding  
process needs to share memory with audio tracks. To be able to view a bigger file you  
may need to stop playback.  
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Key  
Action  
Up / Down /  
Left / Right  
Volume up  
Volume down  
A+Right  
Move around in zoomed in image  
Zoom in  
Zoom out  
Next jpeg in directory  
Previous jpeg in directory  
Show menu  
A+Left  
Menu  
The menu has the following entries.  
Quit. Quits the viewer and returns to the File Browser.  
Toggle Slideshow Mode. Enables or disables the slideshow mode.  
Change Slideshow Timeout. You can set the timeout for the slideshow between 1 sec-  
ond and 20 seconds.  
Show Playback Menu. From the playback menu you can control the playback of the  
currently loaded playlist and change the volume of your player.  
Return. Returns you to the image  
Note: Progressive scan and other unusual JPEG files are not supported, and will result  
in various “unsupported xx” messages. Processing could also fail if the image is too big  
to decode which will be explained by a respective message.  
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10.3.4 Midiplay  
To get MIDI file playback, a patchset is required. This file contains the instruments  
required to synthesize the music. A sample patchset is available through the wiki at  
ZPluginMidiPlay, and needs to be extracted to the .rockbox directory in the root of  
your player. There should now be a /.rockbox/patchset/ directory, with the patchset  
directory containing several .pat files and two .cfg files. Just select a MIDI file with  
either the .mid or .midi extension in the file browser to start playback.  
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Key  
Action  
Up/ Down  
Right/ Left  
A
Volume up/ Volume down  
Skip 3 seconds forward/ backward  
Pause/Resume playback  
Power  
Stop playback and quit  
10.3.5 MPEG Player  
The Mpeg Player is a video player plugin capable of playing back MPEG-1 and MPEG-2  
video streams with MPEG audio multiplexed into .mpg files.  
To play a video file, you just select it in the Rockbox File Browser. If your file  
does not have the .mpg extension but is encoded in the supported format, you will need  
to use the Open With... context menu option and choose mpegplayer.  
Key  
Action  
A
Pause/Resume  
Power  
Up / Down  
Menu  
Stop  
Adjust volume up / down  
Open the MPEG Player menu  
When a video file is selected, the start Menu will be displayed, unless it is disabled  
via the option ”start menu” (see below). In the latter case the video will start playing  
immediately - unless a resume point is found, in which case the resume menu is presented.  
Start Menu  
Play from beginning Resume information is discarded and the video plays from the  
start.  
Resume time (min): x.x Resume video playback at stored resume time x.x (start of the  
video if no resume time is found).  
Set start time (min) A preview screen is presented consisting of a thumbnail preview  
and a progress bar where the user can select a start time by ’seeking’ through the  
video. The video playback is started by pressing the select button.  
Quit mpegplayer Exit the plugin.  
Resume Menu  
Yes (min): x.x Resume video playback at stored resume time x.x.  
No Play video from the beginning.  
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Main Menu  
Display Options Opens ”Display Options” submenu - see below.  
Start Menu (default: on) Enable/disable the start menu.  
Clear all resumes: x Discard all x resume points.  
Quit mpegplayer Exit the plugin.  
Display Options Menu  
Dithering (default: off) Prevent banding effects in gradients by blending of colours.  
(only available on Sansa e200, Sansa c200 and Gigabeat F/X)  
Show FPS (default: off) This option displays (once a second - if your video is full-  
screen this means it will get overwritten by the video and appear to flash once  
per second) the average number of frames decoded per second, the total number  
of frames skipped (see the Skip Frames option), the current time (in 100Hz ticks)  
and the time the current frame is due to be displayed.  
Limit FPS (default: on) With this option disabled, mpegplayer will display the video  
as fast as it can. Useful for benchmarking.  
Skip frames (default: on) This option causes mpegplayer to attempt to maintain real-  
time playback by skipping the display of frames - but these frames are still decoded.  
Disabling this option can cause loss of A/V sync.  
See this page in the Rockbox wiki for information on how to encode your videos to  
the supported format. ZPluginMpegplayer  
10.3.6 PPM viewer  
Open a PPM file in the File Browser to view it.  
ppmviewer exits when any button is pressed.  
Note: Both ASCII PPM (P3) and raw PPM (P6) files are supported.  
For more information about PPM files, see http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppm.  
html  
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115  
10.3.7 Rockboy  
Figure 10.36: Rockboy  
Rockboy is a Nintendo Game Boy and Game Boy Color emulator for Rockbox based on  
the gnuboy emulator. To start a game open a ROM file saved as .gb or .gbc in the file  
browser.  
Default keys  
Key  
Action  
Up / Down  
Left / Right  
Volume up  
Volume down  
A
/
Direction keys  
A button  
B button  
Start  
Select  
Select  
Menu  
Open Rockboy menu  
Rockboy menu  
Load Game. . . Loads a previously saved game.  
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Save Game. . . Saves your current state.  
Options. . . Max Frameskip. Change frameskip setting to improve speed.  
Sound. Toggle sound on or off.  
Stats. Toggle showing fps and current frameskip.  
Set Keys (BUGGY) Select this option to set a new keymapping.  
Screen Size. Chose whether the original aspect ratio should be kept when scaling  
the picture to the screen or whether it should be displayed unscaled.  
Screen Rotate. Rotate the displayed picture by 90 percent.  
Set Palette. Pick one of a few predefined colour palettes.  
Quit RockBoy. Quits the Rockboy plugin.  
10.3.8 Search  
This plugin can be used on playlists. It searches through the playlist that it opened  
on looking for any occurrences of the string entered by the user. The results of this  
search are saved to a new playlist, search results.m3u, within the same directory as  
the original playlist.  
10.3.9 Sort  
This plugin takes a file and sorts it in ascending alphabetical order. Case is ignored.  
This is useful for ordering playlists generated by the Create Playlist menu option  
(see section 5.8 (page 39)).  
10.3.10 Text Viewer  
This is a Viewer for text files with word wrap. Just open a .txt file to display it. The  
text viewer features controls to handle various styles of text formatting, has top-of-file  
and bottom-of-file buttons. You can view files without a .txt extension by using Open  
with from the Context Menu (see section 4.1.2 (page 22)).  
Key  
Action  
Up  
Scroll-up  
Down  
Left  
Scroll-down  
Top of file (Narrow mode) / One screen  
left (Wide mode)  
Right  
Bottom of file (Narrow mode) / One  
screen right (Wide mode)  
Toggle autoscroll  
A
Menu  
Power  
Enter menu  
Exit text viewer  
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The Viewer’s Menu  
Quit Exits the plugin.  
Viewer Options Encoding sets the codepage in the text viewer. Available settings:  
UTF-8 (Unicode), BIG5 (Traditional Chinese), KSX-1001 (Korean), GB-  
2312 (Simple Chinese), SJIS (Japanese), CP1250 (Central European), ISO-  
8859-2 (Latin Extended), ISO-8859-9 (Turkish), ISO-8859-6 (Arabic), ISO-  
8859-11 (Thai), CP1251 (Cyrillic), ISO-8859-8 (Hebrew), ISO-8859-7 (Greek),  
ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1). This setting only applies to the plugin and is inde-  
pendent from the Default Codepage setting (see section ?? (page ??)).  
Word Wrap toggles between Wrap and Chop.  
Off (Chop Words) breaks lines at white space or hyphen.  
On breaks lines at the maximum column limit.  
Line Mode cycles through Normal, Join and Expand and Reflow Lines.  
Reflow Lines justifies the text fully.  
Expand adds a blank line. Useful for making the paragraphs clearer in some  
book style text files.  
Join joins lines. Useful for adopting the orphans that occur with e-mail style  
(i.e. pre-wrapped) text files.  
Normal breaks lines at newline characters.  
Wide View toggles between Narrow and Wide.  
Yes sets maximum column to 114. Useful for navigating large files. (Cur-  
rently, Wide and Join cannot be selected together.)  
No (Narrow) sets maximum column to the screen width.  
Show Scrollbar toggles scrollbar for the current View mode. If the file fits on one  
screen, there is no scrollbar and toggling this setting has no effect.  
On has a scrollbar by default, until toggled.  
Off has no scrollbar by default, until toggled.  
Overlap Pages toggles between Normal and Overlap.  
Yes tells page-down/page-up to retain one line from previous screen.  
No sets page-down/page-up to one full screen.  
Scroll Mode controls the function of the “Scroll-up” and “Scroll-down” buttons.  
Scroll by Line  
Scroll by Page  
Auto-scroll Speed controls the speed of auto-scrolling in number of lines per scroll  
step, available options are 1 to 10 lines. As an example, a setting of 4 will  
scroll up the text four lines per second.  
Show Playback Menu controls the playback of the currently loaded playlist and change  
the volume of your playerwithout leaving the plugin.  
Return to the text view.  
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Note: The text viewer automatically saves its settings and also stores the current posi-  
tion in the viewed text files (up to the last 46 files).  
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Compatibility  
• Currently messages are in English  
• Does not currently support right-to-left languages.  
10.3.11 VBRfix  
This function scans a VBR (Variable Bitrate) MP3 file and updates/creates the Xing  
VBR header. The Xing header contains information about the VBR stream used to  
calculate average bit rate, time information and to more accurately fwd/rew in the  
stream. This function is especially useful when the playback of a file skips, fwd/rew  
does not work correctly or the time display is incorrect.  
Note: VBRfix can only run when music is turned off (since it uses the same memory as  
the player) and can take a while to complete if run on big files.  
10.3.12 ZXBox  
Figure 10.37: ZXBox  
ZXBox is a port of the “Spectemu” ZX Spectrum 48k emulator for Rockbox (Zproject’s  
homepage). To start a game open a tape file or snapshot saved as .tap, .tzx, .z80 or  
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.sna in the file browser.  
Note: As ZXBox is a 48k emulator only loading of 48k z80 snapshots is possible.  
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Default keys  
The emulator is set up for 5 different buttons: Up, Down, Left, Right and Jump/Fire.  
Each one of these can be mapped to one key of the Spectrum Keyboard or they can be  
used like a “Kempston” joystick. Per default the buttons, including an additional but  
fixed menu button, are assigned as follows:  
Key  
Action  
Up/Down/  
Left/Right  
Select  
Directional movement  
Jump/Fire  
Menu  
Open ZXBox menu  
ZXBox menu  
Vkeyboard. This is a virtual keyboard representing the Spectrum keyboard. Controls  
are the same as in standard Rockbox, but you just press one key instead of entering  
a phrase.  
Play/Pause Tape. Toggles playing of the tape (if it is loaded).  
Save Quick Snapshot. Saves snapshot into /.rockbox/zxboxq.z80.  
Load Quick Snapshot. Loads snapshot from /.rockbox/zxboxq.z80.  
Save Snapshot. Saves a snapshot of the current state. You would enter the full path and  
desired name - for example /games/zx/snapshots/chuckie.sna. The snapshot  
format will be chosen after the extension you specified, per default .z80 will be  
taken in case you leave it open.  
Toggle Fast Mode. Toggles fastest possible emulation speed (no sound, maximum frameskip  
etc.). This is Useful when loading tapes with some specific loaders.  
Options. Map Keys To Kempston. Controls whether the player’s buttons should sim-  
ulate a “Kempston” joystick or some assigned keys of the Spectrum keyboard.  
Display Speed. Toggle displaying the emulation speed (in percent).  
Invert Colors. Inverts the Spectum colour palette, sometimes helps visibility.  
Frameskip Sets the number of frames to skip before displaying one. With zero  
frameskip ZXBox tries to display 50 frames per second.  
Sound. Turns sound on or off.  
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Volume. Controls volume of sound output.  
Predefined Keymap Select one of the predefined keymaps. For example 2w90z  
means: map ZXBox’s Up to 2, Down to w, Left to 9, Right to 0 and  
Jump/Fire to z. This example keymap is used in the “Chuckie Egg” game.  
Custom Keymap This menu allows you to map one of the Spectrum keys acces-  
sible through the plugin’s virtual keyboard to each one of the buttons.  
Quit. Quits the emulator..  
Hacking graphics  
Due to ZXBox’s simple (but fast) scaling to the screen by dropping lines and columns  
some games can become unplayable. It is possible to hack graphics to make them better  
visible with the help of an utility such as the “Spectrum Graphics Editor”. Useful tools  
can be found at the “World of Spectrum” site (http://www.worldofspectrum.org/utilities.  
html).  
10.4 Applications  
10.4.1 Battery Benchmark  
The Battery Benchmark Plugin enables you to test your battery’s performance, while  
making normal use of your player. Once loaded it will run in the background (TSR plu-  
gin), reading various info about your battery while you use it. Once you finish your ses-  
sion you can find the benchmark output data in a file on your player /battery bench.txt.  
Please submit your results to the Rockbox wiki. ZBatteryRuntime  
How it works  
After you load the plug-in the operation of your player continues as normal. You can  
do whatever you could do before loading the plugin except loading another plugin.  
If you happen to load a plugin while benchmarking, a splash screen will inform you  
about the termination of the benchmark. While you operate it will log various battery  
related information every time the disk is activated by external causes, (buffer refill,  
open directory, USB mode) or an hour passes without updating the log file.  
The plugin will continue to log info until:  
• Another plugin is loaded.  
• The player is shut down.  
• The battery is empty.  
Between disk activity (or an hour), it will log info in memory (every measurement is  
captured when the voltage changes). If there are too many measurements older entries  
will be deleted and the log file will inform the user about the interval where entries were  
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lost. Benchmarks can be resumed if you accidentally load a plugin, or turn off your  
player, as long as the log file /battery bench.txt is not deleted.  
Information explained  
On the top of the file you will see various info on how to use the plugin.  
Time This column reports the total time of operation of the player. It is not the time  
that you started the plug-in. If you have your player on for 5 minutes and then  
start the plugin, it will start measuring from 5 minutes.  
Seconds As time, it shows time passed in seconds. Nothing special, it is there because  
it is free and maybe someone might want to make graphs with seconds.  
Level The percent level of the battery estimated by Rockbox. This is an estimation  
and not an accurate result. Using the real percentage (current battery voltage /  
top battery voltage) * 100) we can calculate the difference between the estimation.  
Goal of this column is to make the estimation algorithm of Rockbox more accurate.  
Time Left It shows the estimated (by Rockbox) remaining time until shutdown. Again,  
as with Level(above), this column can be used to see differences between real time  
left and estimated time left. This could help make time left more accurate.  
Voltage The battery voltage, the moment the measurement was captured. Measure-  
ments are captured when this number changes while benchmarking. This column  
can be used to give quite interesting graphs in a spreadsheet program. (Excel,  
Calc, e.t.c)  
M/DA (Measurements per Disk Activity) The number of measurements stored tem-  
porarily in memory, before written on the log file. This can give you an idea of  
how many voltage changes there are between disk activity (or one hour).  
C Stands for Charger. An ”A” in that column shows if there was the power adapter  
attached to the unit, at the time of the measurement.  
S The ”S” column shows the state of the device (Charging, or not). The ”C” indicated  
that the unit was charging when the measurement was captured.  
U USB powered. Only for targets that support this. A ”U” will indicate if the unit was  
using the USB port for powering.  
Making graphs  
While you can tell how long your battery lasted, with a single look at the last line of  
the battery log (/battery bench.txt), the most useful purpose of Battery Benchmark  
is to make graphs using a spreadsheet program like Excel or Calc. The battery log  
(/battery bench.txt) is in CSV format (comma separated) so you can quite easily  
import it to a spreadsheet program.  
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10.4.2 Calculator  
Figure 10.38: Calculator  
This is a simple scientific calculator for use on the player. It works like a standard  
calculator. Pressing the “1st” and “2nd” buttons will toggle between other available  
math functions.  
Key  
Action  
Left / Right /  
Up / Down  
Select  
Move around the keypad  
Select a button  
A
Delete last entered digit or clear after cal-  
culation  
Calculate  
Quit  
Menu  
Power  
10.4.3 Calendar  
WARNING! Image not found  
Figure 10.39: Calendar  
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This is a small and simple calendar application with memo saving function. Dots indicate  
dates with memos. The available memo types are: one off, yearly, monthly, and weekly  
memos.  
Key  
Action  
Left / Right /  
Up / Down  
Select  
Volume up /  
Volume down  
Power  
Move the selector  
Show memos for the selected day  
Previous / Next month  
Quit  
10.4.4 Chess Clock  
Figure 10.40: Chess Clock  
The chess clock plugin is designed to simulate a chess clock, but it can be used in any  
kind of game with up to ten players.  
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Setup  
Key  
Action  
Right / Left  
Select  
Increase / decrease displayed Value  
Move to next screen  
Power  
Move to previous screen  
• First enter the number of players (1–10)  
• Then set the total game time in mm:ss  
• Then the maximum round time is entered. For example, this could be used to play  
Scrabble for a maximum of 15 minutes each, with each round taking no longer  
than one minute.  
• Done. Player 1 starts in paused mode.  
While playing  
The number of the current player is displayed on the top line. The time below is the  
time remaining for that round (and possibly also the total time left if different).  
Keys are as follows:  
Key  
Action  
Power  
Power  
Select  
Up  
Exit plugin  
Restart round for the current player  
Pause the time (press again to continue)  
Switch to next player  
Down  
Menu  
Switch to previous player  
Open menu (Select to select.)  
From the menu it is possible to delete a player, modify the round time for the current  
player or set the total time for the game. When the round time is up for a player the  
message “ROUND UP!” is shown (press NEXT to continue). When the total time is up  
for a player the message “TIME UP!”is shown. The player will then be removed from  
the timer.  
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10.4.5 Clock  
Figure 10.41: Clock  
This is a fully featured analogue and digital clock plugin.  
Key configuration  
Key  
Action  
Left / Right  
Up / Down  
Menu  
Cycle through modes  
Cycle through skins  
Main Menu  
Select  
Long Select  
Power  
Start / Stop Counter  
Reset Counter  
Save Settings (if enabled) and Exit  
Clock Menu  
View Clock Exits the menu and returns to the current clock mode display.  
Mode Selector Opens a menu from which you can select a clock mode to view.  
Counter Settings Opens a menu from which you can adjust settings pertaining to the  
counter.  
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Mode Settings Opens a menu from which you can adjust settings pertaining to the  
current clock mode (analog, digital, binary).  
General Settings Reset Settings Reset all settings to their default values.  
Save Settings Save all settings to disk.  
Show Counter Toggle Counter display.  
Save Choose whether to disable automatic saving, saving to disk on exit, or saving  
to disk every settings change.  
Backlight Choose whether to disable the backlight, use the user’s timeout setting,  
or keep the backlight on.  
Idle Poweroff Toggle Idle Poweroff.  
Note: This setting is not saved to disk.  
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Help Opens a brief help screen with key mappings and functionality.  
Credits Displays a credits roll.  
Analog mode  
Small, round, analog clock is displayed in the middle of the LCD. Time readout, if  
enabled, is displayed at the upper left. If Time readout is in 12-hour (“12h”) mode, AM  
or PM will be displayed at the upper right. The Date readout, if enabled, is displayed  
at the lower left. The Counter, if enabled, is displayed at the lower right. The second  
hand, if enabled, is displayed along with the hour and minute hands. Digit display, if  
enabled, places “12”, “3”, “6”, and “9” around the face of the clock in their respective  
positions.  
Digital mode  
An imitation of an LCD, this mode shows a Clock comprised of digital “segments”. The  
Date readout, if enabled, is displayed at the bottom, center. The Second readout, if in  
“Text” mode, is displayed at the top, center; if in “Bar” mode, is displayed as a progress  
bar at the top of the LCD; if in “Invert” mode, will invert the LCD left-to-right as the  
seconds pass (a fully-inverted LCD means the entire minute has passed). The Counter,  
if displayed, is shown at the upper left. The Blinking Colon, if enabled, blinks the colon  
once every second. 12-hour mode, if enabled, will display the time in a 12-hour format.  
LCD mode  
Based on the Digital Mode, the LCD mode is another imitation of an LCD. The settings  
available in this mode are exactly the same as Digital Mode, but they are independent  
of Digital Mode. For example, you can have the Date Readout enabled in Digital Mode  
and disabled in LCD Mode.  
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Fullscreen  
A Fullscreen clock is displayed. Show Border, if enabled, will draw a small box at every  
hour position (1 through 12). Invert Seconds, if enabled, will invert the LCD as the  
seconds pass. Second Hand, if enabled, will draw a second hand among the hour and  
minute hands.  
Binary mode  
This mode shows a Binary clock. The hour is displayed on the top line, the minute  
is displayed on the middle line, and the seconds are on the last line. Circle mode, if  
enabled, draws empty and full circles, instead of zeros and ones. For help on reading  
binary, please visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary numeral system  
Plain mode  
This mode shows a “plain” clock in large text that takes up nearly the whole LCD.  
10.4.6 Disk Tidy  
Disk Tidy deletes junk files left behind by Windows, Linux or OS X after a USB connec-  
tion. Select the OS’s files you want to delete in the ’Files to Clean’ menu and select ’Start  
Cleaning’ to begin to process. The settings are stored in .rockbox/rocks/apps/disktidy.config,  
in a plain text file that is user-modifiable to allow more entries to be added.  
Available Options  
All selects all Linux, OS X, and Windows files.  
None deselects all file options.  
Linux selects Linux files. Default files are .dolphinview, .d3lphinview, and .Trash-*/.  
Windows selects Windows files. Default files are Thumbs.db, RECYCLE.BIN, Desktop.ini,  
/Recycled and /System Volume Information.  
Mac selects OS X files. Default files are . *, .DS Store and /.Trashes.  
Other selects additional files added in by the user.  
Key  
Action  
Left or Power  
Exit / Abort  
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10.4.7 Keybox  
Keybox is an encrypted password storage using the “Tiny Encryption Algorithm” with  
a key derived using md5.  
Using Keybox  
To get started, start up the plugin and select Enter Keybox. The first time you enter  
Keybox you will be prompted for a master password and for confirmation of the master  
password. The master password is the password that you must use to access your stored  
passwords.  
Once inside, enter the context menu by pressing Long Select. From the context menu  
you can create new entries, delete entries and edit entries. Each entry has a “title”, a  
“user name” and a “password”.  
Selecting Reset Keybox from the main menu will delete the current list of passwords  
and a new, empty list will be created the next time you select Enter Keybox after  
prompting for a new master password. Entries are automatically saved when the plugin  
is exited.  
10.4.8 Lamp  
Lamp is a simple plugin to use your player as a lamp (flashlight, torch). You get an  
empty screen with maximum brightness.  
Key  
Action  
Left/Right  
Power  
Toggle between colours  
Quit  
10.4.9 md5sum  
Open a file, a directory or just launch it from the plugin menu to create an md5sum of  
the file, the directory’s contents or the whole filesystem. If the file’s extension is .md5 or  
.md5sum, it will check the md5 sums in the file instead. If the file’s extension is .md5list  
it will compute md5 sums for all the files listed.  
10.4.10 Metronome  
This plugin can be used as a metronome to keep time during music practice. Adjust the  
tempo through the interface or by tapping it out on the appropriate button.  
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Key  
Action  
Power  
Exit plugin  
A
Select  
Start / Stop  
Tap tempo  
Left / Right  
Up / Down  
Adjust tempo  
Adjust volume  
10.4.11 Random Folder Advance Configuration  
This plugin is used to configure the folders which will be considered when the Auto-  
Change Directory feature is set to Random.  
Menu  
Generate Folder List Generates a list of all folders found on the player. You can filter  
the directories which are scanned by creating a file called  
/.rockbox/folder advance dir.txt. Only the directories in this file and any  
contained directories will be scanned. You can have up to 10 directories ignored  
by the scan by placing a minus sign before them in the list (i.e. -/CDs will cause  
everything in the /CDs directory to be ignored.). If you just want /CDs to be  
ignored but want to include the folders within it you need to have both -/CDs and  
CDs as entries.  
Edit Folder List Enter the folder list editor  
Export List To Textfile Exports the list to /.rockbox/folder advance list.txt  
Import List From Textfile Imports the list from /.rockbox/folder advance list.txt  
Quit  
Folder List Editor Keys  
Key  
Action  
Select or Right  
Delete selected folder  
Long Select  
Bring up the context menu which allows  
you to remove the selected folder or it’s  
entire folder tree  
Left or Power  
Exit  
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10.4.12 Stats  
Figure 10.42: The stats-plugin  
The stats-plugin simply counts the number of files, music files and directories on your  
player. Press Power to abort counting and exit the plugin. Press it again to quit after  
counting has finished.  
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10.4.13 Stopwatch  
Figure 10.43: Stopwatch  
A simple stopwatch program with support for saving times.  
Key  
Action  
Power  
Select  
A
Menu  
Up / Down  
Quit Plugin  
Start / stop  
Reset timer (only when timer is stopped)  
Take lap time  
Scroll through lap times  
10.4.14 Text Editor  
This plugin allows you to view and edit simple text documents on your DAP. You can  
view files by using Open with from the Context Menu (see section 4.1.2 (page 22)).  
Usage  
If you start the Text Editor from the plugin browser you will be greeted with a blank  
screen. When started from the Open with menu item your file should be shown on the  
screen. You can now edit the file. The Text Editor is line based. This means you can  
edit one line at a time using the Virtual Keyboard (see section 4.1.3 (page 24)).  
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• Move the selection bar to the line you want to edit.  
• Edit the highlighted text line or insert a new one using the Item Menu.  
• When finished editing exit the Text Editor. You’ll be shown a list of save options.  
Note: When you have not changed the file the Text Editor will quit immediately.  
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Key  
Action  
Select or Right  
Left or Power  
Menu  
Edit Line / Select Character  
Exit / Abort Editing  
Show Item Menu  
Long Select  
Delete Line  
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11 Advanced Topics  
11.1 Customising the User Interface  
11.1.1 Getting Extras  
Rockbox supports custom fonts. A collection of fonts is available for download in the  
font package at http://www.rockbox.org/daily.shtml.  
11.1.2 Loading Fonts  
Rockbox can load fonts dynamically. Simply copy the .fnt file to the player and “play”  
it in the File Browser. If you want a font to be loaded automatically every time  
you start up, it must be located in the /.rockbox/fonts directory and the filename  
must be at most 24 characters long. You can browse the fonts in /.rockbox/fonts  
under Settings → General Settings → Display → Browse Fonts in the Main  
Menu.  
Warning: Advanced Users Only: Any BDF font file up to 16 pixels high should be  
usable with Rockbox. To convert from .bdf to .fnt, use the convbdf tool. This tool  
can be found in the tools directory of the Rockbox source code.  
!
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11.1.3 Loading Languages  
Rockbox can load language files at runtime. Simply copy the .lng file (do not use  
the .lang file) to the player and “play” it in the Rockbox directory browser or select  
Settings → General Settings → Languages from the Main Menu.  
Note: If you want a language to be loaded automatically every time you start up, it  
must be located in the /.rockbox/langs directory and the filename must be a maximum  
of 24 characters long.  
If your language is not yet supported and you want to write your own language file  
find the instructions on the Rockbox website: ZLangFiles  
11.1.4 Changing Colours  
The colours used in the Rockbox interface can be changed to any combination of back-  
ground and foreground colour you like. To do this go to the Settings → General  
Settings → Display and select Background Colour or Foreground Colour.  
The colours set here are used in all menus, browsers and in the While Playing Screen.  
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11.1.5 Changing Filetype Colours  
Rockbox has the capability to modify the File Browser to show different filetypes in  
different colours depending upon the file extension. See the ZCustomFiletypeColours  
Wiki page for details.  
11.1.6 Loading Backdrops  
Rockbox supports showing an image as a backdrop in the File Browser and the menus.  
The backdrop image must be a .bmp file of the exact same dimensions as the display  
in your player (240x320x16 with the last number giving the colour depth in bits). To  
use an image as a backdrop browse to it in the File Browser and open the Context  
Menu (see section 4.1.2 (page 22)) on it and select the option Set As Backdrop. If  
you want rockbox to remember your backdrop the next time you start your player the  
backdrop must be placed in the /.rockbox/backdrops directory.  
11.2 Configuring the WPS  
11.2.1 WPS – General Info  
Description: The WPS or While Playing Screen is the name used to describe the infor-  
mation displayed on the player’s screen whilst an audio track is being played. The  
default WPS is a relatively simple screen displaying Track name, Artist, Album  
etc. in the default font as a purely text based layout. There are a number of WPS  
files included in Rockbox, and you can load one of these at anytime by selecting  
it in General Settings → Display → Browse .wps files.  
Note: “Playing” a .wps from the file browser has the same effect.  
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File Location: Custom WPS files may be located anywhere on the drive. The only  
restriction is that they must end in .wps. When you “play” a .wps file, it will  
be used for future WPS screens, and if the “played” .wps file is located in the  
/.rockbox/wps directory, it will be remembered and used after reboot. The .wps  
filename must be no more than 24 characters long for it to be remembered.  
11.2.2 WPS – Build Your Own  
Quite simply, enter the WPS code in your favourite text editor, Notepad on Windows  
works fine. When you save it, instead of saving it as a .txt file, save it as a .wps  
file. Example: Instead of Rockbox.txt, save the file as Rockbox.wps. To make sure non  
english characters display correctly in your WPS you must save the .wps file with UTF-8  
character encoding. This can be done in most editors, for example Notepad in Windows  
2000 or XP (but not in 9x/ME) can do this. See appendix section B (page 142) for all  
the tags that are available.  
• All characters not preceded by % are displayed as typed.  
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• Lines beginning with # are comments and will be ignored.  
• Maximum file size used is 1600 bytes. If you have a bigger WPS file, only the first  
part of it will be loaded and used.  
Note: Keep in mind that your player resolution is 240x320x16 (with the last number  
giving the colour depth in bits) when designing your own WPS, or if you use a WPS  
designed for another target.  
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Conditional Tags  
If/else: Syntax: %?xx<true|false>  
If the tag specified by “xx” has a value, the text between the “<” and the “|” is  
displayed (the true part), else the text between the “|” and the “>” is displayed  
(the false part). The else part is optional, so the “|” does not have to be specified  
if no else part is desired. The conditionals nest, so the text in the if and else part  
can contain all % commands, including conditionals.  
Enumerations: Syntax: %?xx<alt1|alt2|alt3|...|else>  
For tags with multiple values, like Play status, the conditional can hold a list of  
alternatives, one for each value the tag can have. Example enumeration:  
Example  
%?mp<Stop|%Play|Pause|Ffwd|Rew>  
The last else part is optional, and will be displayed if the tag has no value. The  
WPS parser will always display the last part if the tag has no value, or if the list  
of alternatives is too short.  
Next Song Info  
You can display information about the next song – the song that is about to play after  
the one currently playing (unless you change the plan).  
If you use the upper-case versions of the three tags: F, I and D, they will instead refer  
to the next song instead of the current one. Example: %Ig is the genre name used in  
the next song and %Ff is the mp3 frequency.  
Note: The next song information will not be available at all times, but will most likely  
be available at the end of a song. We suggest you use the conditional display tag a lot  
when displaying information about the next song!  
b
Alternating Sublines  
It is possible to group items on each line into 2 or more groups or “sublines”. Each subline  
will be displayed in succession on the line for a specified time, alternating continuously  
through each defined subline.  
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136  
Items on a line are broken into sublines with the semicolon ’;’ character. The display  
time for each subline defaults to 2 seconds unless modified by using the ’%t’ tag to  
specify an alternate time (in seconds and optional tenths of a second) for the subline to  
be displayed.  
Subline related special characters and tags:  
; Split items on a line into separate sublines  
%t Set the subline display time. The ’%t’ is followed by either integer seconds (%t5),  
or seconds and tenths of a second (%t3.5).  
Each alternating subline can still be optionally scrolled while it is being displayed, and  
scrollable formats can be displayed on the same line with non-scrollable formats (such  
as track elapsed time) as long as they are separated into different sublines. Example  
subline definition:  
Example  
%s%t4%ia;%s%it;%t3%pc %pr : Display id3 artist for 4 seconds,  
Display id3 title for 2 seconds,  
Display current and remaining track time  
for 3 seconds,  
repeat...  
Conditionals can be used with sublines to display a different set and/or number of  
sublines on the line depending on the evaluation of the conditional. Example subline  
with conditionals:  
Example  
%?it<%t8%s%it|%s%fn>;%?ia<%t3%s%ia|%t0>  
The format above will do two different things depending if ID3 tags are present. If  
the ID3 artist and title are present:  
• Display id3 title for 8 seconds,  
• Display id3 artist for 3 seconds,  
• repeat. . .  
If the ID3 artist and title are not present:  
• Display the filename continuously.  
Note that by using a subline display time of 0 in one branch of a conditional, a subline  
can be skipped (not displayed) when that condition is met.  
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137  
Using Images  
You can have as many as 52 images in your WPS. There are various ways of displaying  
images:  
1. Load and always show the image, using the %x tag  
2. Preload the image with %xl and show it with %xd. This way you can have your  
images displayed conditionally.  
3. Load an image and show as backdrop using the %X tag. The image must be of the  
same exact dimensions as your display.  
Example on background image use:  
Example  
%X|background.bmp|  
The image with filename background.bmp is loaded and used in the WPS.  
Example on bitmap preloading and use:  
Example  
%x|a|static_icon.bmp|50|50|  
%xl|b|rep off.bmp|16|64|  
%xl|c|rep all.bmp|16|64|  
%xl|d|rep one.bmp|16|64|  
%xl|e|rep shuffle.bmp|16|64|  
%?mm<%xdb|%xdc|%xdd|%xde>  
Four images at the same x and y position are preloaded in the example. Which image  
to display is determined by the %mm tag (the repeat mode).  
Example File  
Example  
%s%?in<%in - >%?it<%it|%fn> %?ia<[%ia%?id<, %id>]>  
%pb%pc/%pt  
That is, “tracknum – title [artist, album]”, where most fields are only displayed if avail-  
able. Could also be rendered as “filename” or “tracknum – title [artist]”.  
11.3 Managing Rockbox Settings  
11.3.1 Introduction to .cfg Files.  
Rockbox allows users to store and load multiple settings through the use of configuration  
files. A configuration file is simply a text file with the extension .cfg.  
A configuration file may reside anywhere on the disk. Multiple configuration files are  
permitted. So, for example, you could have a car.cfg file for the settings that you use  
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Chapter 11. Advanced Topics  
138  
while playing your jukebox in your car, and a headphones.cfg file to store the settings  
that you use while listening to your player through headphones.  
See section 11.3.2 (page 138) below for an explanation of the format for configuration  
files. See section 11.3.3 (page 139) for an explanation of how to create, edit and load  
configuration files.  
11.3.2 Specifications for .cfg Files.  
The Rockbox configuration file is a plain text file, so once you use the Save .cfg file  
option to create the file, you can edit the file on your computer using any text editor  
program. See Appendix section C (page 150) for available settings. Configuration files  
use the following formatting rules:  
1. Each setting must be on a separate line.  
2. Each line has the format “setting: value”.  
3. Values must be within the ranges specified in this manual for each setting.  
4. Lines starting with # are ignored. This lets you write comments into your config-  
uration files.  
Example of a configuration file:  
Example  
Example configuration file  
volume: 70  
bass: 11  
treble: 12  
balance: 0  
time format: 12hour  
volume display: numeric  
show files: supported  
wps: /.rockbox/car.wps  
lang: /.rockbox/afrikaans.lng  
Note: As you can see from the example, configuration files do not need to contain all of  
the Rockbox options. You can create configuration files that change only certain settings.  
So, for example, supppose you typically use the player at one volume in the car, and  
another when using headphones. Further, suppose you like to use an inverse LCD when  
you are in the car, and a regular LCD setting when you are using headphones. You could  
create configuration files that control only the volume and LCD settings. Create a few  
different files with different settings, give each file a different name (such as car.cfg,  
headphones.cfg, etc.), and you can then use the Browse .cfg files option to quickly  
change settings.  
b
A special case configuration file can be used to force a particular setting or settings  
every time Rockbox starts up (e.g. to set the volume to a safe level). Format a new  
configuration file as above with the required setting(s) and save it into the /.rockbox  
directory with the filename fixed.cfg.  
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139  
11.3.3 The Manage Settings menu  
The Manage Settings menu can be found in the Main Menu. The Manage Set-  
tings menu allows you to save and load .cfg files.  
Browse .cfg Files Opens the file browser in the /.rockbox directory and displays all  
.cfg (configuration) files. Selecting a .cfg file will cause Rockbox to load the  
settings contained in that file. Pressing Left will exit back to the Manage Set-  
tings menu. See the Write .cfg files option on the Manage Settings menu  
for details of how to save and edit a configuration file.  
Reset Settings This wipes the saved settings in the player and resets all settings to  
their default values.  
Note: You can also reset all settings to their default values by turning off the  
player, turning it back on and pressing the A button immediately after the player  
turns on.  
b
Save .cfg File This option writes a .cfg file to your player’s disk. The configuration  
file has the .cfg extension and is used to store all of the user settings that are  
described throughout this manual.  
Hint: Use the Save .cfg File feature (Main Menu → General Settings) to  
save the current settings, then use a text editor to customize the settings file. See  
Appendix section C (page 150) for the full reference of available options.  
Save Sound Settings This option writes a .cfg file to your player’s disk. The config-  
uration file has the .cfg extension and is used to store all of the sound related  
settings.  
Save Theme Settings This option writes a .cfg file to your player’s disk. The config-  
uration file has the .cfg extension and is used to store all of the theme related  
settings.  
11.4 Firmware Loading  
11.4.1 Using ROLO (Rockbox Loader)  
Rockbox is able to load and start another firmware file without rebooting. You just  
“play” a file with the extension  
This can be used to test new firmware versions  
without deleting your current version.  
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Appendix A. File formats  
140  
A File formats  
A.1 Supported file formats  
Icon File Type  
Extension  
none  
Action when selected  
Directory  
The browser enters that  
directory  
Audio file  
various (see section A.2 Rockbox takes you to the  
(page 141))  
WPS and starts playing  
the file  
Cuesheet  
Playlist  
.cue  
View a cuesheet file  
.m3u, .m3u8  
Rockbox  
loads  
the  
playlist and starts play-  
ing the first file  
Rockbox firmware  
.gigabeat  
ROLO will load the new  
firmware  
While Playing Screen .wps  
The new WPS display  
configuration will be  
loaded  
Language File  
Text File  
.lng  
.txt  
Loads a language file  
This will display the text  
file using Rockbox text  
browser plugin  
Configuration File  
Font  
.cfg  
.fnt  
The settings file will be  
loaded  
This font will replace the  
current one  
Plugin  
.rock  
.ch8  
.jpg  
Starts a Rockbox plugin  
Play a Chip8 game  
Chip8 game  
Image  
View a JPEG image  
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Appendix A. File formats  
141  
A.2 Supported audio formats  
Format  
Extension  
Notes  
Lossy codecs  
MPEG audio  
.mp1, .mpa, .mp2,  
.mp3  
OGG/Vorbis  
.ogg, .oga  
Some old “floor 0” files  
may crash Rockbox.  
Musepack  
.mpc  
Advanced Audio Coding  
Windows Media Audio  
ATSC A/52  
.m4a, .m4b, .mp4  
.wma, .wmv, .asf  
.a52, .ac3  
Supports downmixing  
for playback of 5.1  
streams in stereo.  
ADX  
Speex  
.adx  
.spx  
Lossless codecs  
Waveform audio format  
.wav  
Audio Interchange File Format .aif, .aiff  
Free Lossless Audio  
Apple Lossless  
Wavpack  
.flac  
.m4a, .mp4  
.wv  
Shorten  
Monkey’s Audio  
.shn  
.ape, .mac  
Seeking not supported.  
-c1000 to -c3000 files de-  
code fast enough to be  
useful.  
Other codecs  
Sound Interface Device  
MOD  
.sid  
.mod  
NES Sound Format  
SPC700  
.nsf, .nsfe  
.spc  
Atari SAP  
.sap  
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Appendix B. WPS Tags  
142  
B WPS Tags  
B.1 Status Bar  
Tag Description  
%we Status Bar Enabled  
%wd Status Bar Disabled  
These tags override the player setting for the display of the status bar. They must be  
noted on their own line.  
B.2 ID3 Info  
Tag Description  
%ia ID3 Artist  
%ic ID3 Composer  
%id ID3 Album Name  
%ig ID3 Genre Name  
%in ID3 Track Number  
%it ID3 Track Title  
%iv ID3 Version (1.0, 1.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 or empty if no id3 tag)  
%iy ID3 Year  
Remember that this information is not always available, so use the conditionals to show  
alternate information in preference to assuming.  
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Appendix B. WPS Tags  
B.3 Power Related Information  
Tag Description  
143  
%bl Show numeric battery level in percent.  
Can also be used in a conditional: %?bl<-1|0|1|2|...|N>  
Where the -1 value is used when the battery level isn’t known (it usually is).  
%bv Show the battery level in volts  
%bt Show estimated battery time left  
%bp “p” if the charger is connected  
(only on targets that can charge batteries)  
%bc “c” if the unit is currently charging the battery  
(only on targets that have software charge control or monitoring)  
%bs Sleep timer. Shows the remaining time if the sleeptimer is set  
B.4 File Info  
Tag Description  
%fb File Bitrate (in kbps)  
%fc File Codec (e.g. “MP3” or “FLAC”). This tag can also be used in a condi-  
tional tag, %?fc<mp1|mp2|mp3|aiff|wav|vorbis|flac|mpc|a52|wavpack|alac-  
|aac|shn|sid|adx|unknown>.  
The codec order is as follows: MP1, MP2, MP3, AIFF, WAV,Ogg Vorbis  
(OGG), FLAC, MPC, AC3, WavPack (WV), ALAC, AAC,Shorten (SHN),  
SID, ADX, NSF, Speex, SPC, APE.  
%ff File Frequency (in Hz)  
%fm File Name  
%fn File Name (without extension)  
%fp File Path  
%fs File Size (In Kilobytes)  
%fv “(avg)” if variable bit rate or “” if constant bit rate  
%d1 First directory from end of file path.  
%d2 Second directory from end of file path.  
%d3 Third directory from end of file path.  
Example for the %dN commands: If the path is “/Rock/Kent/Isola/11 - 747.mp3”, %d1  
is “Isola”, %d2 is “Kent” . . . You get the picture.  
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Appendix B. WPS Tags  
144  
B.5 Playlist/Song Info  
Tag Description  
%pb Progress Bar  
This will replace the entire line with a progress bar.  
You can set the height, position and width of the progressbar (in pixels):  
%pb|height|leftpos|rightpos|toppos|  
%px Percentage Played In Song  
%pc Current Time In Song  
%pe Total Number of Playlist Entries  
%pm Peak Meter. The entire line is used as volume peak meter.  
%pn Playlist Name (Without path or extension)  
%pp Playlist Position  
%pr Remaining Time In Song  
%ps Shuffle. Shows ’s’ if shuffle mode is enabled.  
%pt Total Track Time  
%pv Current volume (x dB). Can also be used in a conditional:  
%?pv<0|1|2|...|N>  
B.6 Runtime Database  
Tag Description  
%rp Song playcount  
%rr Song rating (0-10).  
This tag can also be used in a conditional tag,  
%?rr<0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10>  
B.7 Sound (DSP) settings  
Tag Description  
%Sp Display current playback pitch  
%xf Crossfade setting, in the order: Off, Shuffle, Skip, Always  
%rg ReplayGain value in use (x.y dB). If used as a conditional, Replaygain type in  
use: %?rg<Off|Track|Album|TrackShuffle|AlbumShuffle|No tag>  
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Appendix B. WPS Tags  
145  
B.8 Virtual LED  
Tag Description  
%lh “h” if the hard disk is accessed  
B.9 Repeat Mode  
Tag Description  
%mm Repeat mode, 0-4, in the order: Off, All, One, Shuffle  
Example: %?mm<Off|All|One|Shuffle|A-B>  
B.10 Playback Mode Tags  
Tag Description  
%mp Play status, 0-4, in the order: Stop, Play, Pause, Fast forward, Rewind  
Example: %?mp<Stop|Play|Pause|Ffwd|Rew>  
B.11 Changing Volume  
Tag  
Description  
%mv[t] “v” if the volume is being changed  
The tag produces the letter “v” while the volume is being changed and some amount of  
time after that, i.e. after the volume button has been released. The optional parameter  
t specifies that amout of time. If it is not specified, 1 sec is assumed.  
The tag can be used as the switch in a conditional tag to display different things  
depending on whether the volume is being changed. It can produce neat effects when  
used with conditional viewports.  
Example: %?mv2.5<Volume changing|%pv>  
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Appendix B. WPS Tags  
146  
The example above will display the text “Volume changing” if the volume is being  
changed and 2.5 secs after the volume button has been released. After that, it will  
display the volume value.  
B.12 Settings  
Tag  
Description  
%St|<setting name>| Display the value of any Rockbox setting  
Example: Can be used as a simple tag %St|skip length| or with conditionals %?St|eq  
enabled|<Equalizer is enabled|Equalizer is disabled>.  
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Appendix B. WPS Tags  
147  
B.13 Images  
Tag  
Description  
%X|filename.bmp|  
Load and set a backdrop image for the WPS. This  
image must be exactly the same size as your LCD.  
Load a Progress bar image for the WPS. Use %pb  
tag to show the progress bar  
%P|filename.bmp|  
%x|n|filename|x|y|  
Load and display an image  
n: image ID (a-z and A-Z) for later referencing in  
%xd  
filename: filename relative to /.rockbox/ and in-  
cluding .bmp  
x: x coordinate  
y: y coordinate.  
%xl|n|filename|x|y|[nimages|] Preload an image for later display (useful for when  
your images are displayed conditionally)  
n: image ID (a-z and A-Z) for later referencing in  
%xd  
filename: filename relative to /.rockbox/ and in-  
cluding .bmp  
x: x coordinate  
y: y coordinate.  
nimages: (optional) number of sub-images (tiled  
vertically, of the same height) contained in the  
bitmap. Default is 1.  
%xdn[i]  
Display a preloaded image  
n: image ID (a-z and A-Z) as it was specified in %x  
or %xl  
i: (optional) number of the sub-image to display  
(a-z for 1-26 and A-Z for 27-52). By default the  
first (i.e. top most) sub-image will be used.  
Examples:  
1. Load and display the image /.rockbox/bg.bmp with ID “a” at 37, 109:  
%x|a|bg.bmp|37|109|  
2. Load a bitmap strip containing 5 volume icon images (all the same size) with image  
ID “M”, and then reference the individual sub-images in a conditional:  
%xl|M|volume.bmp|134|153|5|  
%?pv<%xdMa|%xdMb|%xdMc|%xdMd|%xdMe>  
Note:  
b
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Appendix B. WPS Tags  
148  
• The images must be in a rockbox compatible format (1 bit per pixel BMP)  
• The image tag must be on its own line  
• The ID is case sensitive, giving 52 different ID’s  
• The size of the LCD screen for each player varies. See table below for appropriate  
sizes of each device. The x and y coordinates must repect each of the players’  
limits.  
B.14 Alignment  
Tag Description  
%al Text is left aligned  
%ac Text is center aligned  
%ar Text is right aligned  
All alignment tags may be present in one line, but they need to be in the order left –  
center – right. If the aligned texts overlap, they are merged.  
B.15 Conditional Tags  
Tag  
Description  
%?xx<true|false>  
If / Else: Evaluate for true or false case  
%?xx<alt1|alt2|alt3|...|else> Enumerations: Evaluate for first / second / third  
/ . . . / last condition  
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Appendix B. WPS Tags  
B.16 Real Time Clock  
Tag Description  
149  
%cd Day of month  
%ce Zero padded day of month  
%cH Zero padded hour from 00 to 24  
%ck Hour from 0 to 24  
%cI Zero padded hour from 12 to 12  
%cl Hour from 12 to 12  
%cm Month  
%cM Minutes  
%cS Seconds  
%cy 2-digit year  
%cY 4-digit year  
%cP Capital AM/PM  
%cp Lowercase am/pm  
%ca Weekday name  
%cb Month name  
%cu Day of week from 1 to 7, 1 is Monday  
%cw Day of week from 0 to 6, 0 is Sunday  
B.17 Other Tags  
Tag Description  
%%  
%<  
%|  
Display a ‘%’  
Display a ‘<’  
Display a ‘|’  
Display a ‘>’  
Display a ‘;’  
%>  
%;  
%s  
Indicate that the line should scroll. Can occur anywhere in a line (given that the  
text is displayed; see conditionals above). You can specify up to 10 scrolling  
lines. Scrolling lines can not contain dynamic content such as timers, peak  
meters or progress bars.  
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Appendix C. Config file options  
150  
C Config file options  
Setting  
Allowed Values  
Unit  
volume  
bass  
treble  
balance  
channels  
dB  
dB  
dB  
%
-100 to +100  
stereo, mono, custom, mono left, N/A  
mono right, karaoke  
stereo width  
shuffle  
repeat  
play selected  
party mode  
scan min step  
0 to 250  
on, off  
off, all, one, shuffle, ab  
on, off  
on, off  
%
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, seconds  
30, 45, 60  
seek acceleration  
antiskip  
very fast, fast, normal, slow, very N/A  
slow  
5s, 15s, 30s, 1min, 2min, 3min,  
N/A  
5min, 10min  
volume fade  
sort case  
show files  
on, off  
on, off  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
Hz  
all, supported, music, playlists  
off, on, unknown, view all  
on, off  
on, off  
on, off  
show filename exts  
follow playlist  
playlist viewer icons  
playlist viewer indices  
playlist viewer track display track name,full path  
recursive directory insert  
scroll speed  
on, off, ask  
1 to 25  
scroll delay  
0 to 2500  
ms  
scroll step  
screen scroll step  
Screen Scrolls Out Of View on, off  
bidir limit  
scroll paginated  
hold lr for scroll in list  
show path in browser  
pixels  
pixels  
N/A  
% screen  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
0 to 200  
on, off  
on, off  
off, current directory, full path  
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Appendix C. Config file options  
151  
Setting  
Allowed Values  
0 to 63  
Unit  
contrast  
N/A  
backlight timeout  
off, on, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, seconds  
15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120  
backlight timeout plugged  
off, on, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, seconds  
15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120  
backlight filters first keypress on, off  
N/A  
backlight on button hold  
caption backlight  
brightness  
normal, off, on  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
seconds  
mAh  
N/A  
on, off  
3 to 254  
on, off  
disk spindown  
battery capacity  
car adapter mode  
idle poweroff  
off, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, minutes  
30, 45, 60  
max files in playlist  
max files in dir  
lang  
1000 - 32000  
50 - 10000  
/path/filename.lng  
/path/filename.wps  
off, on  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
seconds  
N/A  
wps  
autocreate bookmarks  
autoload bookmarks  
use most-recent-bookmarks off, on  
pause on headphone unplug off, pause, pause and resume  
rewind duration on pause  
off, on  
0 to 15  
disable autoresume if phones off, on  
not present  
Last.fm Logging  
talk dir  
talk dir clip  
talk file  
talk file clip  
talk filetype  
talk menu  
Announce Battery Level  
sort files  
sort dirs  
tagcache autoupdate  
warn when erasing dynamic on, off  
playlist  
off, on  
off, number, spell  
off, on  
off, number, spell  
off, on  
off, on  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
off, on  
off, on  
alpha, oldest, newest, type  
alpha, oldest, newest  
on, off  
cuesheet support  
folder navigation  
gather runtime data  
usb charging  
on, off  
off, on, random  
off, on  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
on, off  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
Appendix C. Config file options  
152  
Setting  
Allowed Values  
Unit  
skip length  
start in screen  
track, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15  
previous, root, files, db, wps,  
menu, bookmarks  
/path/to/dir  
minutes  
N/A  
playlist catalog directory  
replaygain  
replaygain type  
replaygain noclip  
replaygain preamp  
crossfade  
crossfade fade in delay  
crossfade fade out delay  
crossfade fade in duration  
crossfade fade out duration 0 to 15  
crossfade fade out mode  
crossfeed  
crossfeed direct gain  
crossfeed cross gain  
crossfeed hf attenuation  
crossfeed hf cutoff  
eq enabled  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
0.1dB  
N/A  
seconds  
seconds  
seconds  
seconds  
N/A  
N/A  
0.1dB  
0.1dB  
0.1dB  
Hz  
on, off  
track, album, track shuffle  
on, off  
-120 to 120  
off, shuffle, track skip, always  
0 to 7  
0 to 7  
0 to 15  
crossfade, mix  
on, off  
0 to 60  
30 to 120  
60 to 240  
500 to 2000  
on, off  
N/A  
0.1dB  
Hz  
Hz  
Hz  
eq precut  
0 to 240  
eq band 0 cutoff  
eq band 1 cutoff  
eq band 2 cutoff  
eq band 3 cutoff  
eq band 4 cutoff  
eq band 0 q  
eq band 1 q  
eq band 2 q  
eq band 3 q  
eq band 4 q  
eq band 0 gain  
eq band 1 gain  
eq band 2 gain  
eq band 3 gain  
eq band 4 gain  
dithering enabled  
beep  
keyclick  
keyclick repeats  
dircache  
0 to 32768  
0 to 32768  
0 to 32768  
0 to 32768  
0 to 32768  
0 to 64  
0 to 64  
0 to 64  
0 to 64  
0 to 64  
-240 to 240  
-240 to 240  
-240 to 240  
-240 to 240  
-240 to 240  
on, off  
off, weak, moderate, strong  
off, weak, moderate, strong  
on, off  
Hz  
Hz  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
0.1dB  
0.1dB  
0.1dB  
0.1dB  
0.1dB  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
on, off  
on, off  
tagcache ram  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
Appendix C. Config file options  
153  
Setting  
Allowed Values  
1 to 126  
off, 200ms, 300ms, 500ms, 1, 2, 3, N/A  
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 1min  
on, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, N/A  
20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 2min, 3min,  
5min, 10min, 20min, 45min, 90min  
Unit  
peak meter release  
peak meter hold  
?
peak meter clip hold  
peak meter busy  
peak meter dbfs  
peak meter min  
peak meter max  
statusbar  
on, off  
on, off  
N/A  
on: dbfs, off: linear  
dB or %  
dB or %  
N/A  
0 to 89 (dB) or 0 to 100 (%)  
0 to 89 /(dB) or 0 to 100 (%)  
on, off  
scrollbar  
on, off  
N/A  
volume display  
battery display  
font  
kbd  
flip display  
selector type  
graphic, numeric  
graphic, numeric  
/path/filename.fnt  
/path/filename.kbd  
on, off  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
pointer, bar (inverse) , bar (color),N/A  
bar (gradient)  
show icons  
on, off  
N/A  
iconset  
viewers iconset  
backdrop  
foreground colour  
background colour  
line selector start colour  
line selector end colour  
line selector text colour  
filetype colours  
time format  
/path/filename.bmp  
/path/filename.bmp  
/path/filename.bmp  
000000 to FFFFFF  
000000 to FFFFFF  
000000 to FFFFFF  
000000 to FFFFFF  
000000 to FFFFFF  
/path/filename.colours  
12hour, 24hour  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
RRGGBB  
RRGGBB  
RRGGBB  
RRGGBB  
RRGGBB  
N/A  
N/A  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
Appendix D. User feedback  
154  
D User feedback  
D.1 Bug reports  
If you experience inappropriate performance from any supported feature, please file a  
bug report on our web page. Do not report missing features as bugs, instead file them  
as feature ideas (see below).  
For open bug reports refer to http://www.rockbox.org/tracker/index.php?type=2  
D.1.1 Rules for submitting new bug reports  
1. Check that the bug has not already been reported  
2. Always include the following information in your bug report:  
• Which exact player you have.  
• Which exact Rockbox version you are using (Menu->Info -> Version)  
• A step-by-step description of what you did and what happened  
• Whether the problem is repeatable or a one-time occurrence  
• All relevant data regarding the problem, such as playlists, MP3 files etc. (IMPOR-  
TANT!)  
D.2 Feature ideas  
To suggest an idea for a feature or to read those made by others, see http://forums.  
rockbox.org/index.php?board=49.0. Please keep in mind that this forum is for the dis-  
cussion of feature ideas - they are not requests and there is no guarantee they will be  
acted upon.  
D.2.1 Rules for submitting a new feature idea  
1. Check that the feature has not already been suggested. Duplicates are really  
boring!  
2. Check that the feature has not already been implemented. Download the latest  
current/daily build and/or search the mail list archive.  
3. Check that the feature is possible to implement (see section D.2.2 (page 155)).  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
         
Appendix D. User feedback  
155  
D.2.2 Features we will not implement  
This is a list of Feature Requests we get repeatedly that we simply cannot do. View it  
as the opposite of a TODO!  
• Interfacing with other USB devices (like cameras) or 2 player games over USB  
The USB system demands that there is a master that talks to a slave. The player  
can only serve as a slave, as most other USB devices such as cameras can. Thus,  
without a master no communication between the slaves can take place. If that is  
not enough, we have no ways of actually controlling the communication performed  
over USB since the USB circuit in the player is strictly made for disk-access and  
does not allow us to play with it the way we’d need for any good communication  
to work.  
• Support other file systems than FAT32 (like NTFS or ext2 or whatever)!  
No. support for more file systems will just take away valuable ram for unnecessary  
features. You can partition your player fine, just make sure the first one is FAT32  
and then make the other ones whatever file system you want. Just do not expect  
Rockbox to understand them.  
• Add scandisk-like features!  
It would be a very slow operation that would drain the batteries and take a lot of  
useful ram for something that is much better and faster done when connected to  
a host computer.  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
 
Appendix E. Changelog  
156  
E Changelog  
E.1 What is new since v3.0?  
E.1.1 New features  
? 2008-12-09: Album Art resizing.  
? 2008-12-09: FM radio support on Gigabeat S.  
? 2008-11-26: Software controlled backlight fading for targets without hardware fad-  
ing (e200v1, c200v1, X5, Cowon D2 and H300)  
E.1.2 Enhancements  
? 2008-12-01: Several new tags were added to the WPS syntax  
? 2008-11-20: The build system received a major overhaul  
? 2008-11-03: Customisable options in the QuickScreen  
? 2008-10-25: Calendar plugin on all RTC equipped targets  
? 2008-10-08: Configurable mono recording mode  
? 2008-10-07: Support for version 1.1 scrobbler log files  
? 2008-10-03: APE playback optimized  
? 2008-09-21: MP3 playback optimized for dual-core targets  
E.2 What is new since v2.5?  
E.2.1 New features  
? 2008-07-07: Added keybox plugin  
? 2008-05-04: Added study mode  
? 2008-04-23: Lamp (originally ”flashlight”) plugin  
? 2008-03-23: New bitmap strips feature in the WPS  
? 2008-03-21: Viewport tag added for WPS  
? 2008-03-18: The Olympus m:robe 100 is now a supported target  
? 2007-12-09: PictureFlow: A nice animated visualization for album art  
? 2007-11-26: Matrix Demo  
? 2007-11-11: Rockbox can now display album art  
? 2007-09-06: Sound on Sansa c200  
? 2007-09-04: The SanDisk Sansa e200R models are now Rockboxed!  
? 2007-08-06: Make several splashes and confirmation screens speak  
? 2007-08-03: iPod 3rd gen is now officially a supported target  
? 2007-08-02: Superdom game  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
           
Appendix E. Changelog  
157  
? 2007-07-27: Sound on iPod 2nd Gen  
? 2007-07-25: Jackpot support for bitmap targets  
? 2007-06-30: Reversi game  
? 2007-06-29: Rocklife plugin  
? 2007-06-28: Maze game  
? 2007-06-17: Custom filetype colour feature introduced  
? 2007-05-23: The 80GB Ipod Video is now supported by Rockbox  
? 2007-04-09: WAV file viewer  
? 2007-03-11: Sound on the Sansa e200  
? 2007-03-04: Rockbox runs and plays music on the iAudio M5  
? 2007-03-01: Add the Rockbox Menu  
? 2007-02-16: Chopper game  
? 2007-02-14: Cuesheet support  
? 2007-02-14: Icons in the menus  
? 2007-02-10: Album Artist and Comment Tag Support  
? 2007-02-09: Speex Codec Support  
? 2007-01-31: Invadrox, a Space Invaders clone  
? 2007-01-16: BlackJack plugin  
? 2007-01-02: Mazezam, a puzzle game for all bitmap lcd targets  
? 2006-12-29: Toshiba Gigabeat X and F series support  
? 2006-11-30: File properties in context menu  
? 2006-11-06: Samplerate and format selection added to recording settings. Encoders  
can be configured individually on a menu specific to the encoder in the recording  
menu  
? 2006-11-06: Pitch adjustment in semitone steps  
? 2006-10-27: Audio dithering option  
? 2006-10-19: last.fm (audioscrobbler) logging support  
? 2006-10-05: FM radio region setting  
? 2006-09-15: ZX spectrum emulator plugin - zxbox  
? 2006-08-28: Encoder Codec Interface for recording with additional FM recording  
support  
? 2006-08-07: Initial version of mpegplayer plugin  
? 2006-07-19: Rockpaint plugin  
? 2006-07-18: Playlist catalog  
? 2006-04-19: Rockbox is functional and plays audio on the iPod Mini 1G  
? 2006-03-30: Rockbox is functional and plays audio on the iPod Mini 2G  
? 2006-03-28: DOOM  
? 2006-03-28: Sound on the iAudio X5 , X5L and X5V  
? 2006-03-26: Experimental WAV playback plugin for Archos Recorder/Ondio  
? 2006-03-26: Initial version of Tag Cache  
? 2006-03-20: Bubbles, a bubble game  
? 2006-03-19: Tetrox, a Tetris clone  
? 2006-03-12: Xobox, a Xonix/Qix clone  
? 2006-03-11: Pacbox, a pacman arcade machine emulator  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
Appendix E. Changelog  
158  
? 2006-02-22: ”Chessbox” chess game plugin  
? 2006-02-13: iPod 5G audio playback  
? 2006-01-28: Color bitmap support in the WPS (for color models)  
? 2006-01-23: Brickmania game plugin  
? 2005-12-06: Unicode support  
? 2005-11-05: Jewels game plugin - a Bejeweled clone.  
E.2.2 Enhancements  
? 2008-08-06: Redesigned recording screen  
? 2008-02-23: New default theme: cabbie 2.0  
? 2008-01-04: All new greyscale library with improved performance  
? 2007-08-08: Added support for grouping tags  
? 2007-08-06: Organise the plugins into categories  
? 2007-08-05: Voice file changes. Older voices no longer work, now all voice files are  
target-specific.  
? 2007-08-03: Added support for the disc number tag  
? 2007-04-04: WPS tokenizer: Rewritten WPS code  
? 2007-03-20: rockbox.* file moved inside /.rockbox directory  
? 2007-01-23: Settings are now saved to /.rockbox/config.cfg and the hidden config  
sector is not used anymore  
? 2006-11-29: Playlists are saved with the extension .m3u8, extension .m3u is now  
read using the chosen codepage  
? 2006-09-16: New scheduler. Audio playback is now prioritised over other tasks  
? 2006-09-02: Enhanced statusbar in recording screen  
? 2006-08-15: Support for displaying the path in the file browser  
? 2006-02-07: Equalizer configuration for software codec platforms  
A
? 2006-02-06: The Rockbox manual is available in LT Xformat  
E
? 2005-12-05: New wps’ added. Engineeer2, marquee, and DancePuffDuo  
E.2.3 New codecs supported  
Lossy codecs  
? Ogg/vorbis  
? MPC  
? A/52 (AC3)  
? AAC (MP4)  
? WMA  
? ADX  
? Speex  
Lossless codecs  
? WAV  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
   
Appendix E. Changelog  
159  
? AIFF  
? FLAC  
? ALAC  
? Wavpack  
? Shorten  
? Monkey’s Audio  
Other codecs  
? SID  
? MOD  
? NSF, NSFE  
? SPC  
? MIDI  
? SAP  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
Appendix F. Credits  
160  
F Credits  
People that have contributed to the project, one way or another. Friends!  
¨
· Bjorn Stenberg · Linus Nielsen Feltz- · Francois Boucher · Matthias Wien-  
ing · Andy Choi · Andrew Jamieson tapper · Brent Coutts · Jens Arnold  
·
Paul Suade  
·
Joachim Schiffer · Gerald Vanbaren · Christi Scarbor-  
· Daniel Stenberg · Alan Korr · Gary ough · Steve Cundari · Mat Holton  
Jan Gajdos Antoine Cellerier  
Czvitkovicz · Stuart Martin · Fe-  
·
·
lix Arends · Ulf Ralberg · David · Brian King · Jiri Jurecek · Jacob Erl-  
¨
Hardeman · Thomas Saeys · Grant beck · Jean-Philippe Bernardy · Dave  
´
¨
Jonas Haggqvist  
Wier · Julien Labruyere · Nicolas Hooper  
·
·
Thom  
Sauzede · Robert Hak · Dave Chap- Johansen · Rinat Zakirov · Manuel  
man · Stefan Meyer · Eric Linenberg Dejonghe  
·
Marcoen  
Hirschberg  
¨
· Tom Cvitan · Magnus Oman · Jerome · Michiel van der Kolk · Tony Motakis  
Kuptz · Julien Boissinot · Nuutti Ko- · Andy Young · Alexandre Bourget  
´
tivuori · Heikki Hannikainen · Hard- · Richard S. La Charite III · Chris-  
eep Sidhu · Markus Braun · Justin tian Gmeiner · Tomas Salfischberger  
Heiner  
·
Magnus Holmgren  
·
Bill · Miika Pekkarinen · Tapio Karppinen  
´
Napier · George Styles · Mats Lidell · Richard Otto O’Brien · Luca Bu-  
· Lee Marlow · Nate Nystrom · Nick relli · Alessio Lenzi · David Bryant  
Robinson · Chad Lockwood · John · Martin Arver · Alexander Spyridakis  
Pybus · Uwe Freese · Randy Wood · Pedro Baltazar Vasconcelos · Ray  
· Gregory Haerr · Philipp Perter- Lambert · Dave Wiard · Pieter Bos  
mann · Gilles Roux · Mark Hillebrand · Konstantin Isakov · Bryan Vandyke  
· Damien Teney · Andreas Zwirtes · Hristo Kovachev · Sander Sweers  
· Kjell Ericson · Jim Hagani · Lu- · Antonius Hellman · Ryan Jackson  
¨
dovic Lange · Mike Holden · Simon · Per Holmang · Frederic Devernay  
´
´
˜
Elen · Matthew P. OReilly · Christian · Jose M. Fandino · Gadi Cohen · Naf-  
¨
Schonberger · Henrik Backe · Craig tali Goldstein · David Dent · Frank  
´
Sather · Jose Maria Garcia-Valdecasas Dischner · Liberman Shachar · Stephan  
¨
Bernal · Stevie Oh · Jorg Hohensohn Wezel · Alyssa Milburn · Kevin Fer-  
· Dave Jones · Thomas Paul Diffen- rare · Anton Oleynikov · Mark Arigo  
bach · Roland Kletzing · Itai Shaked · Magnus Westerlund · Jake Owen  
· Keith Hubbard · Benjamin Metzler  
·
Mustapha Senhaji  
·
Adam Boot  
· Frederic Dang Ngoc · Pierre De- · Jonathan Gordon · Tat Tang · Toshi-  
lore · Huw Smith · Garrett Derner hiko Itoh · David J. Song · Jeong Taek  
· Barry McIntosh · Leslie Donald- In · Anders Kagerin · Peter D’Hoye  
son · Lee Pilgrim · Zakk Roberts · Ben Basha · Brandon Low · Nathan  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
 
Appendix F. Credits  
161  
Hand · Nick Lanham · Sebastian Hen- · Austin Appel · Andre Smith · Travis  
riksen  
·
Martin Scarratt  
·
Karl Hyyppa · Ian Webber · Pavel Gnelitsa  
¨
Lutz Bohne  
Kurbjun · Tomasz Malesinski · An-  
·
·
Will Robertson  
drew Pilley · Matt v.d. Westhuizen · Robert Carboneau · Ye Wei · Bryan  
· Tim Crist · Jvo Studer · Dan Ever- Childs · Mike Schmitt · Chris Taylor  
ton · Imre Herceg · Seven Le Mesle · Tobias Langhoff · Steve Gotthardt  
´
· Craig Bachelor · Nikolaj Chris-  
·
·
Greg White  
·
Mattieu Favreaux  
Piotr Jafis-  
tensen · Mikael Magnusson · Dominik  
Malcolm Tyrrell  
·
Wenger · Henrico Witvliet · Andrew zow · Gary Allen · John BouAntoun  
´
ˇ
Scott · Miguel A. Arevalo · Aaron · Tomasz Mon · Jakub Matousek · Al-  
F. Gonzalez · Aleksey Kozyulin · Jani bert Veli · Chris Dohan · Takashi  
Kinnunen · Rui Marinho · Alun Thomas Obara · Rene Peinthor · Roan Horning  
´
· Nils Wallmenius · Naoaki Okazaki · Ben Keroack · Sean Morrisey · Shay  
· Will Dyson · Matthias Mohr · Chris- Green · Nick Vanderweit · Simon Men-  
¨
tian Marg · Eli Sherer · Fredrik zel · Timo Horstschafer · Jacco Kon-  
¨
Ohrn · Nicolas Pennequin · Ralf Herz ing · Chris Ham · Jose Ramon Gar-  
· Michael DiFebbo · David Rothen- cia · Simon Descarpentries · Douglas  
berger · Robert Keevil · Mark Bright Valentine · Jacob Gardner · Pascal  
· Dominik Riebeling · Alexander Bon- Briehl · Denis Stanishevskiy · Eddy  
dar · Peter Cawley · Rani Hod · Tom Coman · Luke Blaney · Mark Reiche  
Ross · Anton Romanov · Jean-Luc · Michal Jevjak · Philippe Latulippe  
Ohl · Steve Bavin · Marianne Arnold · Mauricio Peccorini · Nathan Hep-  
· Gaetano Vocca · Frederik Vestre ting · Akio Idehara · Dagni McPhee  
· Wenbin Leo · Tom Evans · Ewan  
·
Alex Gerchanovsky  
·
Gerhard  
´ ´  
Davies · Frederic Franc¸ois · Marc- Dirschl · Ivan Zupan · Alexander Papst  
´
Andre Moreau · Ioannis Koutoulakis  
·
Christoph Reiter  
·
Rhino Banga  
·
Alistair Marshall  
´
·
Karl Ove · Paul Jones · Michael Giacomelli  
Hufthammer · Vıctor Zabalza · Ulrich · Alex Wenger · Andree Buschmann  
Pegelow · Andreas Mattsson · Daniel · Johnathon Mihalop · Rene Allkivi  
Ankers · Paul Louden · Rainer Sin- · Tobias Schladt · John Zhou · Charles  
´
sch · Placido Revilla · Michael Se- Voelger · Gerritt Gonzales · Dieter  
vakis · Lukas Sabota · Emanuel Zephir Pellkofer · Evgeniy Kachalin · Lenny  
· Alexander Levin · Barry Wardell Koepsell · Harry Tu · Pawel Wysocki  
· Lars van de Klomp · Philippe Miossec · Xinlu Huang · Daniel Dalton · Boris  
· Jochen Kemnade · Corry Lazarowitz Gjenero · Sylvain Fourmanoit · Alex  
· Tom Meyer · Laurent Baum · James Parker · Mario Lang · Justin Foell  
Teh  
·
Liam Nattrass  
·
Christian · Igor Kuzmin · Adilson Vicente Xavier  
Hack · Wade Brown · Vadim Chekan · Jesse Lockwood · Jonathan Backer  
· Christopher Borcsok · Victor Carde- · Sofian Babai · Costas Calamvokis  
nas · Andrew Melville · Pengxuan Liu  
·
Catalin Patulea  
·
Peter Harley  
· Andrew Cupper · Thilo-Alexander · Max Kelley · Alexander Eickhoff  
Ginkel · Adam Gashlin · Robert Kukla · Pinitnun Shanasabang · Ken Faz-  
· David Quesada · Jared Stafford zone  
·
David Bishop  
·
Hein-Pieter  
´
· Martin Hensel · Stephane Doyon van Braam · Przemys law Ho lubowski  
The Rockbox manual  
Toshiba Gigabeat F Series  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
Appendix F. Credits  
162  
·
Stepan Moskovchenko  
·
John S. Ivanov · Takumi Suzuki · Shunsuke  
Gwynne · Brian J. Morey · Stijn Hisken Shimizu · Tadayuki Nishizono · Jun  
´
· Bertrik Sikken · Karim Boucher Gu · Daniel Weck · Clement Pit-  
¨
´
· James Espinoza · Franz Ruhmland Claudel · Jelle Geerts · Tadeusz Pys  
· Jordan Anderson · Maurus Cuele- · Rostislav Chekan · Florin Popescu  
naere · Chris Allegretta · Alastair  
S · Martin Crkovsky · Ariya Hidayat  
·
·
Volker Mische  
·
·
Vitja Makarov  
´
Francisco Vila  
¨
Christian Lees  
´
· Jonas Hurrelmann · Lee Kang Hyuk · Rafael Carre · Denes Balatoni · Roy  
· Clemens Werther · Robert Menes Wallace · Eric Lassauge · Franc¸ois  
¨
· Henri Valta · Melba Sitjar · Mehmet Dinel · Francesco Rigoni · Joel Puik  
S¸. C¸atalba¸s · Scott Tinman · Alexan- · Klaas Bosteels · Teruaki Kawashima  
der Kuzmenkov  
·
Thomas Martitz · Marcin L  ukasik · Le Jin · Alex Ben-  
´
· Prakarn Sahasoontornvute · George nee · Stephane Quertinmont · Bartosz  
Tamplaru · Apoorva Mahajan · Vuong Fabianowski · Adam Hogan · Andrew  
Minh Hiep · Mateusz Kubica · Frank Mahone · Anton Veretenenko · Vi-  
´
´
Gevaerts · Chelo Sacristan · Sascha cente Ibarra · Rui Araujo · Brian  
Wolf · Nickolay Jordanov · Johannes Cloutier · Yoshihisa Uchida · Sang-  
Voggenthaler · Marc Guay · Alex gon Lee · Anton Veretenenko · Kas-  
Vanderpol · Jerry Lange · Yohann par Rothenfußer · The libmad team  
Misquitta · Keith Perri · Mark Faw- · The wavpack team · The ffmpeg team  
cus · Ivan Pesic · Marcel Barbulescu · The Ogg Vorbis team · The liba52  
· Phil Light · Rob Purchase · Andreas team · The Speex team · The libfaad  
¨
Muller · Christopher Williams · Mar- team · The Doom team · The gnuchess  
tin Ritter · Justin Hannigan · Tomasz team · The gnuboy team · The Pacman  
Wasilczyk · Kenjiro Arai · John Kam- Instructional Emulator team · The  
inar · Joris Goosen · Mark Ganson Spectemu team · The libmpeg2 team  
· Davide Gentile · James Vasile · Mo- · The Game Music Emu team · The  
hamed Tarek · Mike Burke · Michael OpenSPC DSP emulator team · The  
Chicoine · Maciej Adamczak · Tomer ALAC decoder team · The UCL team  
Shalev · Thibaut Girka · Rasmus Ry · The iPod Linux team · The Vision-8  
· William Poetra Yoga Hadisoeseno Emulator team · The robotfindskit-  
· Adrian Osoianu · Martin Pahl · Ori ten team · The libmtp team · The asap  
Avtalion · Thomas Schott · Dennis team  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
163  
G Licenses  
G.1 GNU Free Documentation License  
Version 1.2, November 2002  
Copyright ꢀ2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  
c
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA  
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document,  
but changing it is not allowed.  
Preamble  
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and  
useful document ”free” in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom  
to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or non-  
commercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to  
get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made  
by others.  
This License is a kind of ”copyleft”, which means that derivative works of the document  
must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public  
License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.  
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, be-  
cause free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals  
providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to  
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or  
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for  
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.  
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS  
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice  
placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this  
License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,  
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The ”Document”, below, refers  
to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed  
as ”you”. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way  
requiring permission under copyright law.  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
164  
A ”Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the Document  
or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into  
another language.  
A ”Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Doc-  
ument that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the  
Document to the Document’s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains noth-  
ing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in  
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathemat-  
ics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or  
with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position  
regarding them.  
The ”Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are desig-  
nated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document  
is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary  
then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero  
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there  
are none.  
The ”Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover  
Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under  
this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may  
be at most 25 words.  
A ”Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented  
in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for re-  
vising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed  
of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing edi-  
tor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a  
variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise  
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to  
thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image  
format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not  
”Transparent” is called ”Opaque”.  
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without  
markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly  
available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed  
for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF  
and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only  
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing  
tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF  
produced by some word processors for output purposes only.  
The ”Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following  
pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the  
title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, ”Title Page”  
means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s title, preceding the  
beginning of the body of the text.  
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165  
A section ”Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose title ei-  
ther is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ  
in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below,  
such as ”Acknowledgements”, ”Dedications”, ”Endorsements”, or ”History”.)  
To ”Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that  
it remains a section ”Entitled XYZ” according to this definition.  
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that  
this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be  
included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any  
other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect  
on the meaning of this License.  
2. VERBATIM COPYING  
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or  
noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice  
saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you  
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical  
measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make  
or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you  
distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section  
3.  
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may  
publicly display copies.  
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY  
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of  
the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document’s license notice requires  
Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all  
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the  
back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of  
these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally  
prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying  
with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document  
and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.  
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put  
the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the  
rest onto adjacent pages.  
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100,  
you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque  
copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which  
the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network  
protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
166  
you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin  
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will  
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time  
you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that  
edition to the public.  
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well  
before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you  
with an updated version of the Document.  
4. MODIFICATIONS  
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions  
of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely  
this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing  
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.  
In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:  
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the  
Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any,  
be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as  
a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.  
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for  
authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five  
of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer  
than five), unless they release you from this requirement.  
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the  
publisher.  
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.  
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other  
copyright notices.  
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public  
permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form  
shown in the Addendum below.  
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover  
Texts given in the Document’s license notice.  
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.  
I. Preserve the section Entitled ”History”, Preserve its Title, and add to it an item  
stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as  
given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled ”History” in the Document,  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
167  
create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given  
on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in  
the previous sentence.  
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to  
a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in  
the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the  
”History” section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published  
at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the  
version it refers to gives permission.  
K. For any section Entitled ”Acknowledgements” or ”Dedications”, Preserve the Title  
of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the  
contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.  
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and  
in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the  
section titles.  
M. Delete any section Entitled ”Endorsements”. Such a section may not be included  
in the Modified Version.  
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ”Endorsements” or to conflict in  
title with any Invariant Section.  
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.  
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify  
as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at  
your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their  
titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These  
titles must be distinct from any other section titles.  
You may add a section Entitled ”Endorsements”, provided it contains nothing but  
endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties–for example, statements of  
peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative  
definition of a standard.  
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up  
to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified  
Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be  
added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already  
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement  
made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you  
may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added  
the old one.  
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission  
to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified  
Version.  
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168  
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS  
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,  
under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you  
include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,  
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license  
notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.  
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical  
Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant  
Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section  
unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or  
publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment  
to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined  
work.  
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ”History” in the various  
original documents, forming one section Entitled ”History”; likewise combine any sec-  
tions Entitled ”Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled ”Dedications”. You must  
delete all sections Entitled ”Endorsements”.  
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS  
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released  
under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various docu-  
ments with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the  
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.  
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individ-  
ually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted  
document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of  
that document.  
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS  
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent  
documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an  
”aggregate” if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal  
rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When the  
Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in  
the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.  
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Docu-  
ment, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s  
Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate,  
or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise  
they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
169  
8. TRANSLATION  
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the  
Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations  
requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations  
of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant  
Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the  
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original  
English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers.  
In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License  
or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.  
If a section in the Document is Entitled ”Acknowledgements”, ”Dedications”, or ”His-  
tory”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require  
changing the actual title.  
9. TERMINATION  
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly  
provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or  
distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under  
this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this  
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full  
compliance.  
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE  
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Doc-  
umentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to  
the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See  
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.  
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Docu-  
ment specifies that a particular numbered version of this License ”or any later version”  
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that  
specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the  
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this  
License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software  
Foundation.  
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents  
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the  
document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
170  
c
Copyright ꢀYEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute  
and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documenta-  
tion License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software  
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-  
Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ”GNU  
Free Documentation License”.  
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the  
”with...Texts.” line with this:  
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-  
Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.  
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the  
three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.  
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend re-  
leasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the  
GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.  
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171  
G.2 The GNU General Public License  
Version 2, June 1991  
c
Copyright ꢀ 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA  
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document,  
but changing it is not allowed.  
Preamble  
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and  
change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your  
freedom to share and change free software—to make sure the software is free for all its  
users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation’s  
software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free  
Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License  
instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.  
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General  
Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies  
of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or  
can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free  
programs; and that you know you can do these things.  
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you  
these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain  
responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.  
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee,  
you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they,  
too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they  
know their rights.  
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this  
license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.  
Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone  
understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified  
by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not  
the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original  
authors’ reputations.  
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to  
avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent  
licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it  
clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone’s free use or not licensed at all.  
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.  
GNU General Public License  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
172  
Terms and Conditions For Copying, Distribution and  
Modification  
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed  
by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General  
Public License. The “Program”, below, refers to any such program or work, and  
a “work based on the Program” means either the Program or any derivative work  
under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of  
it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language.  
(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term “modification”.)  
Each licensee is addressed as “you”.  
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by  
this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not  
restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents consti-  
tute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running  
the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.  
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as  
you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately  
publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty;  
keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any  
warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License  
along with the Program.  
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at  
your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.  
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus  
forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications  
or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of  
these conditions:  
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you  
changed the files and the date of any change.  
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or  
in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be  
licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this  
License.  
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run,  
you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most  
ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate  
copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that  
you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under  
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License.  
(Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
173  
such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to  
print an announcement.)  
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections  
of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered  
independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms,  
do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But  
when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on  
the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,  
whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each  
and every part regardless of who wrote it.  
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to  
work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control  
the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.  
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with  
the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or  
distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.  
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section  
2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above  
provided that you also do one of the following:  
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code,  
which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a  
medium customarily used for software interchange; or,  
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any  
third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing  
source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding  
source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on  
a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,  
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute  
corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncom-  
mercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or  
executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)  
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making  
modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the  
source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files,  
plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable.  
However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include  
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the  
major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which  
the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.  
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from  
a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
174  
the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties  
are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.  
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as ex-  
pressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sub-  
license or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your  
rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,  
from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such  
parties remain in full compliance.  
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However,  
nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its  
derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this  
License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based  
on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its  
terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works  
based on it.  
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program),  
the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy,  
distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may  
not impose any further restrictions on the recipients’ exercise of the rights granted  
herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this  
License.  
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or  
for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you  
(whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions  
of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If  
you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this  
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not  
distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit  
royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly  
or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this  
License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.  
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular  
circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a  
whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.  
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other  
property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the  
sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system,  
which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous  
contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in  
reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
175  
decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and  
a licensee cannot impose that choice.  
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a conse-  
quence of the rest of this License.  
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either  
by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places  
the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution  
limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or  
among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the  
limitation as if written in the body of this License.  
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the  
General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in  
spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or  
concerns.  
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies  
a version number of this License which applies to it and “any later version”, you  
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of  
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does  
not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever  
published by the Free Software Foundation.  
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose  
distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For  
software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free  
Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be  
guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free  
software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.  
No Warranty  
11. Because the program is licensed free of charge, there is no warranty  
for the program, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except  
when otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or other  
parties provide the program “as is” without warranty of any kind,  
either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied  
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.  
The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the program is  
with you. Should the program prove defective, you assume the cost  
of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.  
12. In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writ-  
ing will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify  
and/or redistribute the program as permitted above, be liable to  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
176  
you for damages, including any general, special, incidental or con-  
sequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the  
program (including but not limited to loss of data or data being  
rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a  
failure of the program to operate with any other programs), even  
if such holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of  
such damages.  
End of Terms and Conditions  
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs  
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to  
the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can  
redistribute and change under these terms.  
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to  
the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and  
each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice  
is found.  
<one line to give the program’s name and a brief idea of what it does.>  
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>  
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it un-  
der the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free  
Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any  
later version.  
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT  
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABIL-  
ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General  
Public License for more details.  
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along  
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51  
Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA  
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.  
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in  
an interactive mode:  
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>  
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type  
‘show w’.  
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain  
conditions; type ‘show c’ for details.  
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Appendix G. Licenses  
177  
The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show the appropriate parts  
of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called some-  
thing other than show w and show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items—  
whatever suits your program.  
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if  
any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample;  
alter the names:  
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program  
‘Gnomovision’ (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.  
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989  
Ty Coon, President of Vice  
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into propri-  
etary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful  
to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to  
do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.  
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