Teledyne TV Converter Box 9110T User Manual
INSTRUCTION MANUAL  
Model 9110T  
Nitrogen Oxides Analyzer  
P/N M9110T  
DATE 11/15/13  
TELEDYNE ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES  
Analytical Instruments  
16830 Chestnut Street  
City of Industry, CA 91748  
Telephone: (626) 934-1500  
Fax: (626) 961-2538  
Web: www.teledyne-ai.com  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Specific Configuration  
INFORMATION ABOUT THE SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION OF YOUR  
MODEL 9110T NOX ANALYZER  
Note: All instruments must include the standard hardcopy manual.  
SELECTED VERSIONS OF THE MODEL 9110T  
Model 9110T— Standard Touch Screen Version  
This Model 9110E NOx Analyzer is a touch screen version designed for analyzing the NOx  
concentration in a background gas specified by the customer. It has a minimum settable range of 0-50  
ppb and a maximum settable range of 0-10 ppm. The standard version is designed for ambient pressure  
applications. The analyzer may have one or two analysis ranges with or without auto-ranging as listed  
below. It includes an internal Moly converter and an external pump. Alarm relays are optional and if  
included, that option will be checked below.  
Model 9110TH — High Range Touch Screen Version  
The Model 9110EH NOx Analyzer is a touch screen version designed for analyzing higher NOx  
concentration (from 0-5 ppm to 0-5000 ppm) than the standard model. It includes an internal Hicon  
converter and an external pump. Alarm relays are optional and if included, that option will be checked  
below. There is no internal zero/span gas/oven option available for this model. The analyzer may have  
one or two analysis ranges with or without autoranging as listed below.  
This version is available with internal or external Hicon or Moly converters.  
Model 9110TM — Mid-Range Touch Screen Version  
The Model 9110EA NOx Analyzer is a touch screen version designed for analyzing a mid-range NOx  
concentration. It has a minimum settable range of 0-1 ppm and a maximum settable range of 0-200 ppm.  
t includes an internal Moly converter and an external pump. Alarm relays are optional and if included,  
that option will be checked below. There is no internal zero/span gas/oven option available for this  
model. The analyzer may have one or two analysis ranges with or without autoranging as listed below.  
This model is similar to the EH version but does not have a sample bypass line. An optional  
paramagnetic oxygen sensor is available for oxygen analysis in this version.  
Converter Options  
The 9110 is equipped with an internal Hicon thermal converter as standard equipment. Other  
converters are available for the EH version as follows:  
Internal Hicon (standard)  
Internal Moly  
External Hicon (2nd set of rack mounts req’d)  
External Moly (2nd set of rack mounts req’d)  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Specific Configuration  
Power Requirements  
This Model 9110E is configured to operate from the following AC Power source:  
100-120 VAC 60 Hz  
100-120 VAC 50 Hz  
220-240 VAC 60 Hz  
220-240 VAC 50 Hz  
100V 60 Hz  
100V 50 Hz  
Analog Output Signals  
Analog output signals are available at A1, A2, and A3 on the rear panel. This instrument is configured  
with the following analog outputs:  
A1(NOx): 4-20 mA  
A2 (NO): 0-5 V  
A3 (NO2): 0-5 V  
A2(NO): 4-20 mA  
A2(NO2): 4-20 mA  
Range Mode  
The analyzer can be designed with a single or dual analysis ranges with auto-ranging or dual  
independent ranges. This analyzer is configured with the following range mode:  
Single Range:  
Dual Range/Auto-ranging:  
Dual Range/Independent:  
Low Range:  
Low Range:  
High Range:  
High Range:  
Gas:  
Selected Options for the Model 9110T  
Mounting Options  
19” rack mounting with 26” sliders with ears  
19” rack mounting with ears only  
Pump Mounting Options  
None  
Rack mounting hardware  
Rear Panel Gas Fittings  
1/4” SS Standard  
6 mm SS Optional  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Specific Configuration  
Valve Options  
No Valves  
Internal SS Zero/Span Valves  
Second Range Span Valve  
Internal Zero/Span Valves with Oven (Not available for 9110EH/EM)  
Internal Zero/Span Valves with Oven and Permeation Tube (Not available for 9110EH)  
The permeation tube option installed depends on the sample gas and the effusion rate.  
The specific permeation tube in this instrument is listed below:  
Permeation tube Installed:  
Alarm Relay Option  
This option includes two concentration alarm relays.  
Oxygen Sensor  
This analyzer is equipped with a paramagnetic oxygen sensor for measuring the oxygen concentration  
over the range of 0-25%  
Gas Conditioner  
A gas conditioner/dryer permeation gas exchange tube is installed for removing H2O and ammonia  
from the sample stream. This item is required for EN certificatation.  
Oxygenator  
For applications where background gas less than 2% oxygen and using a Moly converter.  
Remote Operation for Purged Enclosure  
The operator interface is duplicated with switches mounted on the front door of the enclosure allowing  
operation without compromising purge integrity.  
Background Gas:  
Notes:  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Specific Configuration  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Safety Messages  
SAFETY MESSAGES  
Important safety messages are provided throughout this manual for the purpose of avoiding personal  
injury or instrument damage. Please read these messages carefully. Each safety message is associated  
with a safety alert symbol, and are placed throughout this manual and inside the instrument. The symbols  
with messages are defined as follows:  
WARNING: Electrical Shock Hazard  
HAZARD: Strong oxidizer  
GENERAL WARNING/CAUTION: Read the accompanying message for  
specific information.  
CAUTION: Hot Surface Warning  
Do Not Touch: Touching some parts of the instrument without protection or  
proper tools could result in damage to the part(s) and/or the instrument.  
Technician Symbol: All operations marked with this symbol are to be  
performed by qualified maintenance personnel only.  
Electrical Ground: This symbol inside the instrument marks the central  
safety grounding point for the instrument.  
CAUTION  
GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
The T100 Analyzer should only be used for the purpose and in the  
manner described in this manual. If you use the T100 in a manner other  
than that for which it was intended, unpredictable behavior could ensue  
with possible hazardous consequences.  
NEVER use any gas analyzer to sample combustible gas(es).  
Technical Assistance regarding the use and maintenance of the 9110T or  
any other Teledyne product can be obtained by contacting Teledyne’s  
Customer Service Department:  
Note  
Phone: 626-934-1500  
Email: [email protected]  
or by accessing various service options on our website at  
http://www.teledyne-ai.com/.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Safety Messages  
CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ  
Des consignes de sécurité importantes sont fournies tout au long du présent manuel dans le but d’éviter des  
blessures corporelles ou d’endommager les instruments. Veuillez lire attentivement ces consignes. Chaque  
consigne de sécurité est représentée par un pictogramme d’alerte de sécurité; ces pictogrammes se retrouvent  
dans ce manuel et à l’intérieur des instruments. Les symboles correspondent aux consignes suivantes :  
AVERTISSEMENT : Risque de choc électrique  
DANGER : Oxydant puissant  
AVERTISSEMENT GÉNÉRAL  
/
MISE EN GARDE : Lire la consigne  
complémentaire pour des renseignements spécifiques  
MISE EN GARDE : Surface chaude  
Ne pas toucher : Toucher à certaines parties de l’instrument sans protection ou  
sans les outils appropriés pourrait entraîner des dommages aux pièces ou à  
l’instrument.  
Pictogramme « technicien » : Toutes les opérations portant ce symbole doivent  
être effectuées uniquement par du personnel de maintenance qualifié.  
Mise à la terre : Ce symbole à l’intérieur de l’instrument détermine le point central  
de la mise à la terre sécuritaire de l’instrument.  
MISE EN GARDE  
Cet instrument doit être utilisé aux fins décrites et de la manière décrite dans  
ce manuel. Si vous utilisez cet instrument d’une autre manière que celle pour  
laquelle il a été prévu, l’instrument pourrait se comporter de façon imprévisible  
et entraîner des conséquences dangereuses.  
NE JAMAIS utiliser un analyseur de gaz pour échantillonner des gaz  
combustibles!  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Safety Messages  
ABOUT THIS MANUAL  
This manual describes operation, specifications, and maintenance for the Model 9110T.  
In addition this manual contains important SAFETY messages for this instrument. It is strongly  
recommended that you read that operation manual in its entirety before operating the instrument.  
ORGANIZATION  
This manual is divided among three main parts and a collection of appendices at the end.  
Part I contains introductory information that includes an overview of the analyzer, specifications,  
descriptions of the available options, installation and connection instructions, and the initial calibration  
and functional checks.  
Part II comprises the operating instructions, which include initial functional checks and calibration,  
basic, advanced and remote operation, advanced calibration, diagnostics, testing, and ends with specifics  
of calibrating for use in EPA monitoring.  
Part III provides detailed technical information, starting with maintenance, troubleshooting and service  
with Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), followed by principles of operation, and a glossary. It also  
contains a special section dedicated to providing information about electro-static discharge and  
protecting against its consequences.  
The appendices at the end of this manual provide support information such as, version-specific software  
documentation, lists of spare parts and recommended stocking levels, and schematics.  
CONVENTIONS USED  
In addition to the safety symbols as presented in the Important Safety Information page, this manual  
provides special notices related to the safety and effective use of the analyzer and other pertinent  
information.  
Special Notices appear as follows:  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
This special notice provides information to avoid damage to your  
instrument and possibly invalidate the warranty.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Could either affect accuracy of instrument readings or cause loss of data.  
Note  
Pertinent information associated with the proper care, operation or  
maintenance of the analyzer or its parts.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Safety Messages  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Table of Contents  
TABLE OF CONTENTS  
Information About the Specific Configuration of Your Model 9110T NOX Analyzer ..............................................................iii  
Mounting Options .............................................................................................................................................................. iv  
Pump Mounting Options .................................................................................................................................................... iv  
Rear Panel Gas Fittings.................................................................................................................................................... iv  
Safety Messages....................................................................................................................................................................vii  
About This Manual ................................................................................................................................................................. ix  
PART I GENERAL INFORMATION....................................................................................................................................21  
1. Introduction, Features and Options........................................................................................................................................23  
1.1. Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................23  
1.2. Features .........................................................................................................................................................................23  
1.3. Documentation ...............................................................................................................................................................24  
1.4. Options...........................................................................................................................................................................24  
2. Specifications, Approvals, & Compliance...............................................................................................................................27  
2.1. Specifications .................................................................................................................................................................27  
2.2. EPA Equivalency Designation........................................................................................................................................28  
2.3. Approvals and Certifications...........................................................................................................................................29  
2.3.1. Safety .....................................................................................................................................................................29  
2.3.2. EMC........................................................................................................................................................................29  
2.3.3. Other Type Certifications........................................................................................................................................29  
3. Getting Started  
31  
3.1. Unpacking the 9110T Analyzer ......................................................................................................................................31  
3.1.1. Ventilation Clearance..............................................................................................................................................32  
3.2. Instrument Layout...........................................................................................................................................................32  
3.2.1. Front Panel.............................................................................................................................................................33  
3.2.2. Rear Panel..............................................................................................................................................................37  
3.2.3. Internal Chassis Layout ..........................................................................................................................................38  
3.3. Connections and Setup ..................................................................................................................................................41  
3.3.1. Electrical Connections ............................................................................................................................................41  
3.3.2. Pneumatic Connections..........................................................................................................................................55  
3.4. Startup, Functional Checks, and Initial Calibration.........................................................................................................74  
3.4.1. Start Up ..................................................................................................................................................................74  
3.4.2. Warning Messages.................................................................................................................................................75  
3.4.3. Functional Checks ..................................................................................................................................................77  
3.4.4. Initial Calibration.....................................................................................................................................................77  
3.4.4.1. Interferents ..........................................................................................................................................................78  
PART II – OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS............................................................................................................................85  
4. Overview of Operating Modes................................................................................................................................................87  
4.1. Sample Mode .................................................................................................................................................................88  
4.1.1. Test Functions........................................................................................................................................................88  
4.1.2. Warning Messages.................................................................................................................................................91  
4.2. Calibration Mode ............................................................................................................................................................92  
4.3. Setup Mode....................................................................................................................................................................92  
4.3.1. Password Security..................................................................................................................................................93  
4.3.2. Primary Setup Menu...............................................................................................................................................93  
4.3.3. Secondary Setup Menu (SETUP MORE)............................................................................................................93  
5. Setup Menu  
95  
5.1. SETUP CFG: Configuration Information ....................................................................................................................95  
5.2. SETUP ACAL: Automatic Calibration Option..............................................................................................................95  
5.3. SETUP DAS: Internal Data Acquisition System..........................................................................................................95  
5.4. SETUP RNGE: Analog Output Reporting Range Configuration .................................................................................96  
5.4.1. 9110T Physical Ranges..........................................................................................................................................96  
5.4.2. 9110T Analog Output Reporting Ranges................................................................................................................96  
5.4.3. SETUP RNGE MODE....................................................................................................................................98  
5.5. SETUP PASS: Password Protection........................................................................................................................106  
5.6. SETUP CLK: Setting the Internal Time-of-Day Clock ..............................................................................................108  
5.6.1. Setting the Time of Day ........................................................................................................................................108  
5.6.2. Adjusting the Internal Clock’s Speed ....................................................................................................................109  
5.7. SETUP COMM: Communications Ports...................................................................................................................110  
5.7.1. ID (Machine Identification)....................................................................................................................................110  
5.7.2. INET (Ethernet) ....................................................................................................................................................111  
5.7.3. COM1[COM2] (Mode, Baude Rate and Test Port) ...............................................................................................111  
5.8. SETUP VARS: Variables Setup and Definition........................................................................................................111  
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5.9. SETUP Diag: Diagnostics Functions........................................................................................................................114  
5.9.1. Signal I/O..............................................................................................................................................................116  
5.9.2. Analog Output (DIAG AOUT)................................................................................................................................117  
5.9.3. Analog I/O Configuration (DIAG AIO) ...................................................................................................................117  
5.9.4. Test Chan Output (Selecting a Test Channel Function for Output A4) .................................................................132  
5.9.5. Optic Test .............................................................................................................................................................133  
5.9.6. Electrical Test.......................................................................................................................................................134  
5.9.7. Ozone Gen Override.............................................................................................................................................134  
5.9.8. Flow Calibration....................................................................................................................................................134  
6. Communications Setup and Operation ................................................................................................................................135  
6.1. Data Terminal / Communication Equipment (DTE DEC)..............................................................................................135  
6.2. Communication Modes, Baud Rate and Port Testing...................................................................................................135  
6.2.1. Communication Modes.........................................................................................................................................135  
6.2.2. Com Port Baud Rate.............................................................................................................................................138  
6.2.3. Com Port Testing..................................................................................................................................................138  
6.3. RS-232 .........................................................................................................................................................................139  
6.4. RS-485 (Option) ...........................................................................................................................................................140  
6.5. Ethernet........................................................................................................................................................................140  
6.5.1. Configuring Ethernet Communication Manually (Static IP Address).....................................................................140  
6.5.2. Configuring Ethernet Communication Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)................................143  
6.6. USB Port for Remote Access .......................................................................................................................................147  
6.7. Communications Protocols...........................................................................................................................................149  
6.7.1. MODBUS..............................................................................................................................................................149  
6.7.2. Hessen .................................................................................................................................................................151  
7. Data Acquisition System (DAS) and APICOM .....................................................................................................................163  
7.1. DAS Structure ..............................................................................................................................................................164  
7.1.1. DAS Channels......................................................................................................................................................164  
7.1.2. Viewing DAS Data and Settings ...........................................................................................................................168  
7.1.3. Editing DAS Data Channels..................................................................................................................................169  
7.2. Remote DAS Configuration ..........................................................................................................................................181  
7.2.1. DAS Configuration via APICOM ...........................................................................................................................181  
7.2.2. DAS Configuration via Terminal Emulation Programs ..........................................................................................183  
8. Remote Operation  
185  
8.1. Computer Mode............................................................................................................................................................185  
8.1.1. Remote Control via APICOM................................................................................................................................185  
8.2. Interactive Mode...........................................................................................................................................................185  
8.2.1. Remote Control via a Terminal Emulation Program..............................................................................................185  
8.3. Remote Access by Modem...........................................................................................................................................188  
8.4. Password Security for Serial Remote Communications ...............................................................................................191  
9. Calibration Procedures 193  
9.1. Before Calibration.........................................................................................................................................................194  
9.1.1. Required Equipment, Supplies, and Expendables................................................................................................194  
9.1.2. Calibration Gases .................................................................................................................................................195  
9.1.3. Data Recording Devices.......................................................................................................................................196  
9.1.4. NO2 Conversion Efficiency (CE) ...........................................................................................................................197  
9.2. Manual Calibration Checks and Calibration of the 9110T Analyzer in its Base Configuration......................................197  
9.2.1. Setup for Basic Calibration Checks and Calibration of the 9110T analyzer..........................................................197  
9.2.2. Performing a Basic Manual Calibration Check .....................................................................................................199  
9.2.3. Performing a Basic Manual Calibration.................................................................................................................199  
9.3. Manual Calibration with the Internal Span Gas Generator ...........................................................................................202  
9.3.1. Performing “Precision” Manual Calibration when Internal Span Gas (IZS) Generator Option is Present .............202  
9.3.2. Setup for Calibration with the Internal Span Gas Generator.................................................................................203  
9.3.3. CAL On NO2 Feature............................................................................................................................................203  
9.3.4. Performing a Manual Calibration Check with the Internal Span Gas Generator...................................................205  
9.3.5. Performing a Manual Calibration with the Internal Span Gas Generator ..............................................................206  
9.4. Manual Calibration and Cal Checks with the Valve Options Installed ..........................................................................209  
9.4.1. Setup for Calibration Using Valve Options............................................................................................................209  
9.4.2. Manual Calibration Checks with Valve Options Installed......................................................................................210  
9.4.3. Manual Calibration Using Valve Options ..............................................................................................................211  
9.5. Automatic Zero/Span Cal/Check (AutoCal) ..................................................................................................................213  
9.5.1. SETUP ACAL: Programming and AUTO CAL Sequence ................................................................................216  
9.6. Calibration Quality Analysis..........................................................................................................................................219  
9.7. Gas Flow Calibration....................................................................................................................................................220  
10. EPA Protocol Calibration....................................................................................................................................................221  
10.1. 9110T Calibration – General Guidelines ....................................................................................................................221  
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10.2. Calibration Equipment, Supplies, and Expendables...................................................................................................222  
10.2.1. Spare Parts and Expendable Supplies ...............................................................................................................222  
10.2.2. Calibration Gas and Zero Air Sources ................................................................................................................223  
10.2.3. Data Recording Device.......................................................................................................................................223  
10.2.4. Record Keeping..................................................................................................................................................223  
10.3. Calibration Frequency ................................................................................................................................................223  
10.4. Level 1 Calibrations versus Level 2 Checks...............................................................................................................224  
10.5. Gas Phase Titration (GPT).........................................................................................................................................225  
10.5.1. GPT Principle of Operation.................................................................................................................................225  
10.5.2. GPT Calibrator Check Procedure.......................................................................................................................225  
10.6. GPT Multipoint Calibration Procedure........................................................................................................................228  
10.6.1. Set Up for GPT Multipoint Calibration of the 9110T............................................................................................229  
10.6.2. Zero Calibration..................................................................................................................................................230  
10.6.3. Span Calibration.................................................................................................................................................230  
10.7. GPT NO2 Check .........................................................................................................................................................231  
10.8. Other Quality Assurance Procedures .........................................................................................................................232  
10.8.1. Summary of Quality Assurance Checks .............................................................................................................232  
10.8.2. Short Calibration Checks....................................................................................................................................233  
10.8.3. Zero/Span Check Procedures ............................................................................................................................233  
10.8.4. Precision Check..................................................................................................................................................234  
10.9. Certification of Working Standards.............................................................................................................................234  
10.10. References...............................................................................................................................................................235  
PART III – Maintenance and Service ..................................................................................................................................237  
11. Instrument Maintenance.....................................................................................................................................................239  
11.1. Maintenance Schedule...............................................................................................................................................239  
11.2. Predictive Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................................241  
11.3. Maintenance Procedures............................................................................................................................................241  
11.3.1. Replacing the Sample Particulate Filter..............................................................................................................242  
11.3.2. Changing the O3 Dryer Particulate Filter.............................................................................................................243  
11.3.3. Changing the Ozone Cleanser Chemical............................................................................................................244  
11.3.4. Maintaining the External Sample Pump (Pump Pack) ........................................................................................247  
11.3.5. Changing the Pump DFU Filter...........................................................................................................................247  
11.3.6. Changing the Internal Span Gas Generator Permeation Tube...........................................................................249  
11.3.7. Changing the External Zero Air Scrubber (OPT 86C).........................................................................................249  
11.3.8. Changing the NO2 Converter..............................................................................................................................252  
11.3.9. Cleaning the Reaction Cell .................................................................................................................................254  
11.3.10. Replacing Critical Flow Orifices........................................................................................................................256  
11.3.11. Checking for Light Leaks ..................................................................................................................................257  
11.3.12. Checking for Pneumatic Leaks.........................................................................................................................258  
12. Troubleshooting & Service.................................................................................................................................................261  
12.1. General Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................................261  
12.1.1. Fault Diagnosis with WARNING Messages........................................................................................................262  
12.1.2. Fault Diagnosis With Test Functions ..................................................................................................................266  
12.1.3. DIAG SIGNAL I/O: Using the Diagnostic Signal I/O Function .......................................................................267  
12.2. Using the Analog Output Test Channel......................................................................................................................269  
12.3. Using the Internal Electronic Status LEDs..................................................................................................................270  
12.3.1. CPU Status Indicator ..........................................................................................................................................270  
12.3.2. Relay PCA Status LEDs .....................................................................................................................................270  
12.4. Gas Flow Problems....................................................................................................................................................272  
12.4.1. Zero or Low Flow Problems................................................................................................................................272  
12.5. Calibration Problems..................................................................................................................................................276  
12.5.1. Negative Concentrations ....................................................................................................................................276  
12.5.2. No Response......................................................................................................................................................277  
12.5.3. Unstable Zero and Span.....................................................................................................................................277  
12.5.4. Inability to Span - No SPAN Button (CALS)........................................................................................................278  
12.5.5. Inability to Zero - No ZERO Button (CALZ).........................................................................................................278  
12.5.6. Non-Linear Response.........................................................................................................................................279  
12.5.7. Discrepancy Between Analog Output and Display .............................................................................................280  
12.5.8. Discrepancy Between NO and NOX slopes........................................................................................................280  
12.6. Other Performance Problems.....................................................................................................................................281  
12.6.1. Excessive Noise .................................................................................................................................................281  
12.6.2. Slow Response...................................................................................................................................................281  
12.6.3. Auto Zero Warnings...........................................................................................................................................282  
12.7. Subsystem Checkout..................................................................................................................................................283  
12.7.1. AC Main Power...................................................................................................................................................283  
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12.7.2. DC Power Supply ...............................................................................................................................................283  
12.7.3. I2C Bus ...............................................................................................................................................................285  
12.7.4. LCD/Display Module...........................................................................................................................................285  
12.7.5. Relay PCA..........................................................................................................................................................285  
12.7.6. Motherboard .......................................................................................................................................................285  
12.7.7. Pressure / Flow Sensor Assembly......................................................................................................................289  
12.7.8. CPU....................................................................................................................................................................290  
12.7.9. RS-232 Communications....................................................................................................................................290  
12.7.10. NO2 NO Converter.......................................................................................................................................291  
12.7.11. Simplified GPT Calibration................................................................................................................................296  
12.7.12. Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) Sensor Module.....................................................................................................300  
12.7.13. PMT Preamplifier Board ...................................................................................................................................302  
12.7.14. PMT Temperature Control PCA........................................................................................................................303  
12.7.15. O3 Generator ....................................................................................................................................................304  
12.7.16. Internal Span Gas Generator and Valve Options .............................................................................................305  
12.7.17. Temperature Sensor.........................................................................................................................................306  
12.8. Service Procedures....................................................................................................................................................308  
12.8.1. Disk-On-Module Replacement Procedure ..........................................................................................................308  
12.8.2. O3 Generator Replacement ................................................................................................................................309  
12.8.3. Sample and Ozone (Perma Pure®) Dryer Replacement.....................................................................................309  
12.8.4. PMT Sensor Hardware Calibration .....................................................................................................................310  
12.8.5. Replacing the PMT, HVPS or TEC .....................................................................................................................312  
12.8.6. Removing / Replacing the Relay PCA from the Instrument ................................................................................315  
12.9. Frequently Asked Questions ......................................................................................................................................316  
12.10. Technical Assistance................................................................................................................................................318  
13. Principles of Operation.......................................................................................................................................................319  
13.1. Measurement Principle...............................................................................................................................................319  
13.1.1. Chemiluminescence Creation in the 9110T Reaction Cell..................................................................................319  
13.1.2. Chemiluminescence Detection in the 9110T Reaction Cell ................................................................................320  
13.1.3. NOX and NO2 Determination...............................................................................................................................321  
13.1.4. Auto Zero............................................................................................................................................................322  
13.1.5. Measurement Interferences................................................................................................................................323  
13.2. Pneumatic Operation..................................................................................................................................................326  
13.2.1. Sample Gas Flow ...............................................................................................................................................326  
13.2.2. Flow Rate Control - Critical Flow Orifices ...........................................................................................................330  
13.2.3. Ozone Gas Generation and Air Flow..................................................................................................................332  
13.2.4. Pneumatic Sensors.............................................................................................................................................335  
13.3. Electronic Operation...................................................................................................................................................338  
13.3.1. Overview.............................................................................................................................................................338  
13.3.2. CPU....................................................................................................................................................................339  
13.3.3. Motherboard .......................................................................................................................................................340  
13.3.4. Relay PCA..........................................................................................................................................................345  
13.4. Sensor Module, Reaction Cell....................................................................................................................................351  
13.5. Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT).......................................................................................................................................352  
13.5.1. PMT Preamplifier................................................................................................................................................353  
13.5.2. PMT Cooling System..........................................................................................................................................355  
13.6. Pneumatic Sensor Board............................................................................................................................................356  
13.7. Power Supply/Circuit Breaker.....................................................................................................................................357  
13.7.1. AC Power Configuration .....................................................................................................................................358  
13.8. Front Panel Touchscreen/Display Interface................................................................................................................363  
13.8.1. LVDS Transmitter Board.....................................................................................................................................364  
13.8.2. Front Panel Touchscreen/Display Interface PCA ...............................................................................................364  
13.9. Software Operation ....................................................................................................................................................364  
13.9.1. Adaptive Filter.....................................................................................................................................................365  
13.9.2. Temperature/Pressure Compensation (TPC) .....................................................................................................365  
13.9.3. Calibration - Slope and Offset.............................................................................................................................365  
14. A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge.................................................................................................................................367  
14.1. How Static Charges are Created................................................................................................................................367  
14.2. How Electro-Static Charges Cause Damage..............................................................................................................368  
14.3. Common Myths About ESD Damage.........................................................................................................................369  
14.4. Basic Principles of Static Control................................................................................................................................369  
14.4.1. General Rules.....................................................................................................................................................369  
14.5. Basic anti-ESD Procedures for Analyzer Repair and Maintenance............................................................................371  
14.5.1. Working at the Instrument Rack .........................................................................................................................371  
14.5.2. Working at an Anti-ESD Work Bench .................................................................................................................371  
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Table of Contents  
14.5.3. Transferring Components Between Rack and Bench.........................................................................................372  
14.5.4. Opening Shipments from TAI Customer Service................................................................................................372  
14.5.5. Packing Components for Return to TAI Customer Service.................................................................................373  
Glossary..............................................................................................................................................................................375  
APPENDIX A - VERSION SPECIFIC SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION  
APPENDIX B - SPARE PARTS  
APPENDIX C - REPAIR QUESTIONNAIRE  
APPENDIX D - ELECTRONIC SCHEMATICS  
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Table of Contents  
FIGURES  
Figure 3-1:  
Figure 3-2:  
Figure 3-3:  
Figure 3-4:  
Figure 3-5:  
Figure 3-6:  
Figure 3-7:  
Figure 3-8:  
Figure 3-9:  
Figure 3-10:  
Figure 3-11:  
Figure 3-12:  
Figure 3-13  
Figure 3-14:  
Figure 3-15:  
Figure 3-16:  
Figure 3-17:  
Figure 3-18:  
Figure 3-19:  
Figure 3-20:  
Figure 3-21:  
Figure 3-22:  
Figure 3-23:  
Figure 3-24:  
Figure 3-25:  
Figure 3-26:  
Figure 3-27:  
Figure 3-28:  
Figure 3-29:  
Figure 4-1:  
Figure 4-2:  
Figure 5-1:  
Figure 5-2.  
Figure 5-3.  
Figure 5-4:  
Figure 5-5:  
Figure 5-6:  
Figure 5-7:  
Figure 5-8:  
Figure 6-1.  
Figure 6-2.  
Figure 6-3.  
Figure 6-4.  
Figure 6-5.  
Figure 6-6.  
Figure 7-1:  
Figure 7-2:  
Figure 7-3:  
Figure 7-4:  
Figure 8-1:  
Figure 9-1:  
Front Panel Layout.......................................................................................................................33  
Display Screen and Touch Control..............................................................................................34  
Display/Touch Control Screen Mapped to Menu Charts .............................................................36  
Rear Panel Layout – Base Unit ...................................................................................................37  
Internal Layout – Top View with IZS Option ................................................................................39  
Internal Layout - Top View Showing Other Options ....................................................................40  
Analog In Connector....................................................................................................................42  
Analog Output Connector ............................................................................................................43  
Current Loop Option Installed on the Motherboard .....................................................................44  
Status Output Connector .............................................................................................................45  
Energizing the 9110T Control Inputs ...........................................................................................46  
Concentration Alarm Relay..........................................................................................................47  
Rear Panel Connector Pin-Outs for RS-232 Mode......................................................................50  
Default Pin Assignments for CPU COMM Port Connector (RS-232). .........................................51  
Jumper and Cables for Multidrop Mode.......................................................................................53  
RS-232-Multidrop PCA Host/Analyzer Interconnect Diagram.....................................................54  
Gas Line Connections from Calibrator – Basic 9110T Configuration..........................................59  
Gas Line Connections from Bottled Span Gas – Basic 9110T Configuration.............................60  
Pneumatics, Basic Configuration.................................................................................................62  
Rear Panel Layout with Z/S Valve Options (OPT 50A) ...............................................................63  
Gas Line Connections for 9110T with Z/S Valves Option (OPT 50A).........................................63  
Pneumatics with Zero/Span Valves OPT 50A.............................................................................65  
Rear Panel Layout with Ambient Zero/Pressurized Span Valves OPT 50B................................66  
Gas Line Connection w/Ambient Zero/Pressurized Span Valves (OPT 50B) .............................67  
Pneumatics with Ambient Zero/Pressurized Span Valves (OPT 50B) ........................................68  
Rear Panel Layout with Internal Span Source (IZS) OPT 50G ...................................................70  
Pneumatics with the Internal Span Gas Generator (OPT 50G) ..................................................71  
Pneumatics for Sample Conditioner OPT 86A ............................................................................72  
Pneumatics for External Zero Air Scrubber (OPT 86C) for Z/S Valves.......................................73  
Front Panel Display......................................................................................................................87  
Viewing 9110T Test Functions ....................................................................................................90  
Analog Output Connector Pin Out ...............................................................................................97  
SETUP – COMM Menu .............................................................................................................110  
COMM– Machine ID ..................................................................................................................111  
Accessing the DIAG Submenus ................................................................................................115  
Accessing the Analog I/O Configuration Submenus..................................................................118  
Setup for Checking / Calibrating DCV Analog Output Signal Levels.........................................123  
Setup for Checking / Calibration Current Output Signal Levels Using an Ammeter .................125  
Alternative Setup Using 250Ω Resistor for Checking Current Output Signal Levels ................127  
COMM – Communication Modes Setup ....................................................................................137  
COMM – COMM Port Baud Rate ..............................................................................................138  
COMM – COM1 Test Port .........................................................................................................139  
COMM - LAN /Internet Manual Configuration............................................................................142  
COMM – LAN / Internet Automatic Configuration (DHCP)........................................................145  
COMM – Change Hostname ....................................................................................................146  
Default DAS Channels Setup ....................................................................................................167  
APICOM Remote Control Program Interface ............................................................................181  
Sample APICOM User Interface for Configuring the DAS.........................................................182  
DAS Configuration Through a Terminal Emulation Program ....................................................183  
Remote Access by Modem........................................................................................................189  
Set up for Manual Calibrations/Checks of 9110T’s in Base Configuration w/ a Gas Dilution  
Calibrator ...................................................................................................................................198  
Set up for Manual Calibrations/Checks of 9110T’s in Base Configuration w/ Bottled Gas .......198  
Pneumatic Connections for 9110T Precision Calibration when IZS Generator Present...........202  
Pneumatic Connections for Manual Calibration/Checks with the Internal Span Gas Generator203  
Figure 9-2:  
Figure 9-3:  
Figure 9-4:  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Table of Contents  
Figure 10-1:  
Figure 11-1  
GPT Calibration System ............................................................................................................229  
Replacing the Particulate Filter..................................................................................................242  
Particle Filter on O3 Supply Air Dryer ........................................................................................243  
Ozone Cleanser Assembly ........................................................................................................245  
Zero Air Scrubber Assembly......................................................................................................251  
NO2 Converter Assembly...........................................................................................................253  
Reaction Cell Assembly.............................................................................................................255  
Critical Flow Orifice Assembly ...................................................................................................256  
Example of Signal I/O Function .................................................................................................268  
CPU Status Indicator .................................................................................................................270  
Relay PCA Status LEDS Used for Troubleshooting..................................................................271  
Location of DC Power Test Points on Relay PCA.....................................................................284  
Typical Set Up of Status Output Test ........................................................................................287  
Pressure / Flow Sensor Assembly.............................................................................................289  
Setup for determining NO2 NO Efficiency – 9110T Base Configuration...............................293  
Pre-Amplifier Board Layout........................................................................................................311  
9110T Sensor Assembly............................................................................................................313  
Relay PCA with AC Relay Retainer In Place.............................................................................315  
Relay PCA Mounting Screw Locations.....................................................................................316  
Reaction Cell with PMT Tube and Optical Filter........................................................................321  
9110T Sensitivity Spectrum.......................................................................................................321  
NO2NO Conversion...............................................................................................................322  
Pneumatic Flow During the Auto Zero Cycle.............................................................................323  
Internal Gas Flow for Basic 9110T with External Pump ............................................................327  
Basic Internal Gas Flow for Basic 9110T with Internal Pump ...................................................328  
Vacuum Manifold, Standard Configuration................................................................................329  
Flow Control Assembly & Critical Flow Orifice ..........................................................................330  
Location of Flow Control Assemblies & Critical Flow Orifices...................................................331  
Ozone Generator Principle ........................................................................................................333  
Semi-Permeable Membrane Drying Process ............................................................................334  
9110T Perma Pure® Dryer.........................................................................................................334  
9110T Electronic Block Diagram ...............................................................................................338  
CPU Board.................................................................................................................................340  
Relay PCA Layout (P/N 045230100).........................................................................................345  
Relay PCA P/N 045230100 with AC Relay Retainer in Place...................................................346  
Status LED Locations – Relay PCA...........................................................................................348  
Heater Control Loop Block Diagram..........................................................................................349  
Thermocouple Configuration Jumper (JP5) Pin-Outs................................................................351  
9110T Sensor Module Assembly...............................................................................................352  
Basic PMT Design .....................................................................................................................353  
PMT Preamp Block Diagram .....................................................................................................354  
Typical Thermo-Electric Cooler .................................................................................................355  
PMT Cooling System Block Diagram.........................................................................................356  
Power Distribution Block Diagram .............................................................................................358  
Location of AC power Configuration Jumpers...........................................................................359  
Pump AC Power Jumpers (JP7)................................................................................................360  
Typical Set Up of AC Heater Jumper Set (JP2) ........................................................................361  
Typical Jumper Set (JP2) Set Up of Heaters............................................................................362  
Front Panel and Display Interface Block Diagram.....................................................................363  
Basic Software Operation..........................................................................................................364  
Triboelectric Charging................................................................................................................367  
Basic anti-ESD Workbench .......................................................................................................370  
Figure 11-2:  
Figure 11-3:  
Figure 11-4:  
Figure 11-5:  
Figure 11-6:  
Figure 11-7:  
Figure 12-1:  
Figure 12-2:  
Figure 12-3:  
Figure 12-4:  
Figure 12-5:  
Figure 12-6:  
Figure 12-7:  
Figure 12-8:  
Figure 12-9:  
Figure 12-10:  
Figure 12-11:  
Figure 13-1:  
Figure 13-2:  
Figure 13-3:  
Figure 13-4:  
Figure 13-5:  
Figure 13-6:  
Figure 13-7.  
Figure 13-8:  
Figure 13-9:  
Figure 13-10:  
Figure 13-11:  
Figure 13-12:  
Figure 13-13:  
Figure 13-14:  
Figure 13-15:  
Figure 13-16:  
Figure 13-17:  
Figure 13-18:  
Figure 13-19:  
Figure 13-20:  
Figure 13-21:  
Figure 13-22:  
Figure 13-23:  
Figure 13-24:  
Figure 13-25:  
Figure 13-26:  
Figure 13-27:  
Figure 13-28:  
Figure 13-29:  
Figure 13-30:  
Figure 13-31:  
Figure 14-1:  
Figure 14-2:  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Table of Contents  
TABLES  
Table 1-1.  
Table 2-2:  
Table 3-1:  
Table 3-5:  
Table 3-6:  
Table 3-7:  
Table 3-8:  
Table 3-9:  
Table 3-10:  
Table 3-11:  
Table 3-12:  
Table 4-1:  
Table 4-2:  
Table 4-3:  
Table 4-4:  
Table 4-5:  
Table 5-1:  
Table 5-2:  
Table 5-3:  
Table 5-4:  
Table 5-5:  
Table 5-6:  
Table 5-7:  
Table 5-8:  
Table 5-9:  
Table 6-1:  
Table 6-2:  
Table 6-4:  
Table 6-5:  
Table 6-6:  
Table 7-1:  
Table 7-2:  
Table 7-3:  
Table 8-1:  
Table 8-2:  
Table 9-1:  
Table 9-2:  
Table 9-3:  
Table 9-4:  
Table 9-5:  
Table 10-1:  
Table 10-2:  
Table 10-3:  
Table 11-1:  
Table 11-2:  
Table 12-1:  
Table 12-2:  
Table 12-3:  
Table 12-4:  
Table 12-5:  
Table 12-6:  
Table 12-7:  
Table 12-8:  
Table 12-9:  
Table 12-10:  
Table 12-11:  
Analyzer Options..........................................................................................................................24  
Software Settings for EPA Equivalence.......................................................................................28  
Ventilation Clearance...................................................................................................................32  
Analog Output Pin Assignments..................................................................................................43  
Status Output Pin Assignments...................................................................................................45  
Control Input Pin Assignments ....................................................................................................46  
NIST-SRM's Available for Traceability of NOx Calibration Gases ................................................57  
Zero/Span Valves Operating States OPT 50A ............................................................................65  
Valve Operating States OPT 50B installed..................................................................................69  
Internal Span Gas Generator Valve Operating States OPT 50G................................................71  
Possible Warning Messages at Start-Up.....................................................................................76  
Analyzer Operating Modes ..........................................................................................................88  
Test Functions Defined................................................................................................................88  
Warning Messages Defined.........................................................................................................91  
Primary Setup Mode Features and Functions.............................................................................93  
Secondary Setup Mode Features and Functions ........................................................................93  
IND Mode Analog Output Assignments.......................................................................................99  
Password Levels........................................................................................................................106  
Variable Names (VARS)............................................................................................................112  
Diagnostic Mode (DIAG) Functions ...........................................................................................114  
DIAG - Analog I/O Functions .....................................................................................................117  
Analog Output Voltage Range Min/Max ....................................................................................119  
Voltage Tolerances for the TEST CHANNEL Calibration..........................................................123  
Current Loop Output Check.......................................................................................................127  
Test Channels Functions available on the 9110T’s Analog Output...........................................132  
COMM Port Communication Modes..........................................................................................135  
Ethernet Status Indicators .........................................................................................................140  
RS-232 Communication Parameters for Hessen Protocol ........................................................151  
Teledyne's Hessen Protocol Response Modes.........................................................................154  
Default Hessen Status Flag Assignments .................................................................................159  
Front Panel LED Status Indicators for DAS...............................................................................163  
DAS Data Channel Properties...................................................................................................164  
DAS Data Parameter Functions ................................................................................................172  
Terminal Mode Software Commands ........................................................................................186  
Teledyne API's Serial I/O Command Types ..............................................................................186  
IZS Option Valve States with CAL_ON_NO2 Turned ON..........................................................203  
AUTOCAL Modes ......................................................................................................................213  
AutoCal Attribute Setup Parameters..........................................................................................214  
Example AutoCal Sequence......................................................................................................215  
Calibration Data Quality Evaluation...........................................................................................219  
Activity Matrix for EPA Calibration Equipment and Supplies.....................................................222  
Definition of Level 1 and Level 2 Zero and Span Checks .........................................................224  
Activity Matrix for Data Quality...................................................................................................233  
9110T Maintenance Schedule...................................................................................................240  
Predictive Uses for Test Functions............................................................................................241  
Front Panel Warning Messages ................................................................................................264  
Test Functions - Indicated Failures............................................................................................266  
Test Channel Outputs as Diagnostic Tools ...............................................................................269  
Relay PCA Watchdog LED Failure Indications..........................................................................270  
Relay PCA Status LED Failure Indications................................................................................271  
DC Power Test Point and Wiring Color Codes..........................................................................284  
DC Power Supply Acceptable Levels ........................................................................................284  
Relay PCA Control Devices.......................................................................................................285  
Analog Output Test Function - Nominal Values Voltage Outputs .............................................286  
Status Outputs Check................................................................................................................288  
9110T Control Input Pin Assignments and Corresponding Signal I/O Functions......................288  
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Table of Contents  
Table 13-1:  
Table 13-2:  
Table 13-3:  
Table 13-4:  
Table 13-5:  
Table 13-6:  
Table 13-7:  
Table 13-8:  
Table 14-1:  
Table 14-2:  
List of Interferents ......................................................................................................................325  
9110T Valve Cycle Phases........................................................................................................329  
9110T Gas Flow Rates..............................................................................................................331  
Relay PCA Status LED’s ...........................................................................................................347  
Thermocouple Configuration Jumper (JP5) Pin-Outs................................................................350  
AC Power Configuration for Internal Pumps (JP7)....................................................................360  
Power Configuration for Standard AC Heaters (JP2)................................................................361  
Power Configuration for Optional Heaters (JP6) .......................................................................362  
Static Generation Voltages for Typical Activities.......................................................................367  
Sensitivity of Electronic Devices to Damage by ESD................................................................368  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Part I  
PART I  
GENERAL INFORMATION  
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Part I  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Introduction  
1. INTRODUCTION, FEATURES AND OPTIONS  
1.1. OVERVIEW  
The Model 9110T Nitrogen Oxides Analyzer uses chemiluminescence detection, coupled with  
state-of-the-art microprocessor technology to provide the sensitivity, stability and ease of use  
needed for ambient or dilution CEM monitoring requirements of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen  
dioxide (NO2) and the total nitrogen oxides (NOx). The instrument:  
Calculates the amount of NO present by measuring the amount of chemiluminescence given off  
when the sample gas is exposed to ozone (O3).  
Uses a catalytic-reactive converter to convert any NO2 in the sample gas to NO, which is then  
measured as above (including the original NO in the sample gas) and reported as NOx.  
Since the density of the sample gas effects the brightness of the chemiluminescence reaction, the 9110T  
software compensates for temperature and pressure changes.  
Stability is further enhanced by an Auto-Zero feature which periodically redirects the gas flow through  
the analyzer so that no chemiluminescence reaction is present in the sample chamber. The analyzer  
measures this “dark” condition and uses the results as an offset, which is subtracted from the sensor  
readings recorded while the instrument is measuring NO and NOX. The result gives a sensitive, accurate,  
and dependable performance under the harshest operating conditions.  
The 9110T analyzer’s multi-tasking software gives the ability to track and report a large number of  
operational parameters in real time. These readings are compared to diagnostic limits kept in the  
analyzers memory and should any fall outside of those limits the analyzer issues automatic warnings.  
Built-in data acquisition capability, using the analyzer's internal memory, allows the logging of multiple  
parameters including averaged or instantaneous concentration values, calibration data, and operating  
parameters such as pressure and flow rate. Stored data are easily retrieved through the rear panel serial  
or Ethernet ports via our APICOM software or from the front panel, allowing operators to perform  
predictive diagnostics and enhanced data analysis by tracking parameter trends. Multiple averaging  
periods of one minute to 365 days are available for over a period of one year.  
1.2. FEATURES  
Some of the other exceptional features of your 9110T Nitrogen Oxides Analyzer are:  
Ranges, 0-50 ppb to 0-20 ppm, user selectable  
Independent ranges and auto ranging  
Large, vivid, and durable graphics display with touch screen interface  
Microprocessor controlled for versatility  
Multi-tasking software to allow viewing test variables while operating  
Continuous self checking with alarms  
Permeation dryer on ozone generator  
Bi-directional RS-232, optional USB and RS-485, and 10/100Base-T Ethernet ports for remote  
operation  
Front panel USB ports for peripheral devices and firmware upgrades  
Digital status outputs to provide instrument operating condition  
Adaptive signal filtering to optimize response time  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Introduction  
Temperature and pressure compensation  
Converter efficiency correction software  
Catalytic ozone destruct  
Comprehensive internal data logging with programmable averaging periods  
Ability to log virtually any operating parameter  
8 analog inputs (optional)  
Internal zero and span check (optional)  
1.3. DOCUMENTATION  
In addition to this operation manual, two other manuals are available for download from Teledyne’s  
website at http://www.teledyne-api.com/manuals/, to support the operation of the instrument:  
APICOM Software Manual, part number 03945  
DAS Manual, part number 02837  
1.4. OPTIONS  
The options available for your analyzer are present in with name, option number, a description and/or  
comments, and if applicable, cross-references to technical details in this manual, such as setup and  
calibration. To order these options or to learn more about them, please contact Teledyne Sales  
Department at:  
TOLL-FREE:  
PHONE:  
FAX:  
888-789-8168  
+1 626-934-1500  
+1 626-961-2538  
EMAIL:  
[email protected]  
http://www.teledyne-ai.com/  
WEBSITE:  
Table 1-1. Analyzer Options  
Option  
Number  
Option  
Pumps  
Description/Notes  
Reference  
Pumps meet all typical AC power supply standards while exhibiting same  
pneumatic performance.  
11A  
11B  
12A  
12B  
12C  
Ship without pump  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
Pumpless Pump Pack  
Internal Pump 115V @ 60 Hz  
Internal Pump 220V @ 60 Hz  
Internal Pump 220V @ 50 Hz  
Rack Mount  
Kits  
Options for mounting the analyzer in standard 19” racks  
20A  
20B  
21  
Rack mount brackets with 26 in. (660 mm) chassis slides  
Rack mount brackets with 24 in. (610 mm) chassis slides  
N/A  
N/A  
Rack mount brackets only (compatible with carrying strap, Option 29) N/A  
23  
Rack mount for external pump pack (no slides)  
N/A  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Introduction  
Option  
Number  
Option  
Description/Notes  
Reference  
Carrying Strap/Handle  
Side-mounted strap for hand-carrying analyzer  
Extends from “flat” position to accommodate hand for carrying.  
Recesses to 9mm (3/8”) dimension for storage.  
Can be used with rack mount brackets, Option 21.  
Cannot be used with rack mount slides.  
29  
N/A  
CAUTION – GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
THE 9110T ANALYZER WEIGHS ABOUT 18 KG (40 POUNDS).  
TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY WE RECOMMEND THAT TWO PERSONS LIFT AND CARRY THE  
ANALYZER. DISCONNECT ALL CABLES AND TUBING FROM THE ANALYZER BEFORE MOVING IT.  
Used for connecting external voltage signals from other instrumentation (such as  
meteorological instruments).  
Analog Input and USB port  
64B  
Current Loop Analog  
Also can be used for logging these signals in the analyzer’s internal  
DAS  
Sections 3.3.1.2,  
and 7  
Adds isolated, voltage-to-current conversion circuitry to the analyzer’s analog  
outputs.  
Outputs  
Can be configured for any output range between 0 and 20 mA.  
May be ordered separately for any of the analog outputs.  
Can be installed at the factory or retrofitted in the field.  
Sections 3.3.1.4  
and 5.9.3.7  
41  
Parts Kits  
Spare parts and expendables  
Expendables Kit includes a recommended set of expendables for  
one year of operation of this instrument including replacement  
sample particulate filters.  
42A  
Appendix B  
Expendables Kit with IZS includes the items needed to refurbish  
the zero air scrubber.  
43  
45  
Appendix B  
Appendix B  
Spare Parts Kit includes spares parts for one unit.  
Used to control the flow of calibration gases generated from external sources,  
rather than manually switching the rear panel pneumatic connections.  
Calibration Valves  
AMBIENT ZERO AND AMBIENT SPAN VALVES  
50A  
50B  
Zero Air and Span Gas input supplied at ambient pressure.  
Gases controlled by 2 internal valves; SAMPLE/CAL & ZERO/SPAN.  
Section 3.3.2.3  
Section 3.3.2.4  
AMBIENT ZERO AND PRESSURIZED SPAN VALVES  
Span Gas input from external, pressurized source;  
Span Gas flow rate maintained at 1 ATM by critical flow orifice & vented  
through Vent port.  
Shutoff valve stops flow of Span Gas when in sample mode to preserve  
pressurized gas source.  
Zero Air created via 2-stage scrubber & dry filter unit (DFU).  
Gases controlled by 2 internal valves; SAMPLE/CAL & ZERO/SPAN.  
ZERO SCRUBBER AND INTERNAL SPAN SOURCE (IZS)  
Span Gas generated from internal NO2 permeation tube  
Zero Air created by 2-stage scrubber & DFU.  
Sections 3.3.2.5  
and 3.3.2.6  
50G  
Gases controlled by 2 internal valves: Sample/Cal & Zero/Span.  
NO2 Permeation Tubes  
Replacement tubes; identical size/shape; different permeation rates.  
Permeation Rate  
Approximate NO2 Concentration @ 50°C  
(25%)  
421 ng/min  
842 ng/min  
52B  
52G  
N/A  
N/A  
300ppb – 500 ppb 25%  
0600 – 1000 ppb 25%  
Each tube comes with a calibration certificate, traceable to a NIST standard,  
specifying its actual effusion rate of that tube to within ± 5% @ 0.56 liters per  
Section 3.3.2.5  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Introduction  
Option  
Number  
Option  
Description/Notes  
Reference  
minute, calibration performed at a tube temperature of 50°C.  
Communication Cables  
For remote serial, network and Internet communication with the analyzer.  
Type  
Description  
Shielded, straight-through DB-9F to DB-25M cable, about  
1.8 m long. Used to interface with older computers or  
code activated switches with DB-25 serial connectors.  
60A  
RS-232  
Section 3.3.1.8  
Shielded, straight-through DB-9F to DB-9F cable of about  
1.8 m length.  
60B  
60C  
RS-232  
Ethernet  
USB  
Section 3.3.1.8  
Section 3.3.1.8  
Section 3.3.1.8  
Patch cable, 2 meters long, used for Internet and LAN  
communications.  
Cable for direct connection between instrument (rear  
panel USB port) and personal computer.  
60D  
USB Port  
For remote connection  
For connection to personal computer. (Separate option only when  
Option 64B, Analog Input and USB Com Port not elected).  
Sections 3.3.1.8  
and 6.6  
64A  
Concentration Alarm Relays  
Issues warning when gas concentration exceeds limits set by user.  
Four (4) “dry contact” relays on the rear panel of the instrument. This  
relay option is different from and in addition to the “Contact Closures”  
that come standard on all TAPI instruments.  
Section 3.3.1.7  
61  
RS-232 Multidrop  
62  
Enables communications between host computer and up to eight analyzers.  
Multidrop card seated on the analyzer’s CPU card.  
Section 3.3.1.8  
Each instrument in the multidrop network requres this card and a  
communications cable (Option 60B).  
Other Gas Options  
Second gas sensor and gas conditioners  
Oxygen (O2) Sensor  
65A  
86A  
Figure 3-6  
Ammonia removal sample conditioner (required for EN Certification)  
3.3.2.6, 3.4.4.1  
Figure 3-29,  
Sections 3.3.2.6,  
9.1.2.1, 11.3.7, and  
11.3.7.1, Table 11-1  
86C  
External zero air scrubber  
Special Features  
Built in features, software activated  
Maintenance Mode Switch, located inside the instrument, places  
the analyzer in maintenance mode where it can continue sampling,  
yet ignore calibration, diagnostic, and reset instrument commands.  
This feature is of particular use for instruments connected to  
Multidrop or Hessen protocol networks.  
N/A  
N/A  
Call Customer Service for activation.  
Second Language Switch activates an alternate set of display  
messages in a language other than the instrument’s default  
language.  
Call Customer Service for a specially programmed Disk on Module containing  
the second language.  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
Dilution Ratio Option allows the user to compensate for diluted  
sample gas, such as in continuous emission monitoring (CEM) where  
the quality of gas in a smoke stack is being tested and the sampling  
method used to remove the gas from the stack dilutes the gas.  
Call Customer Service for activation.  
Section 5.4.3.5  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Specifications, Approvals, & Compliance  
2. SPECIFICATIONS, APPROVALS, & COMPLIANCE  
This section presents specifications for the 9110T, Agency approvals, EPA designation, and CE mark  
and safety compliance..  
2.1. SPECIFICATIONS  
Table 2-1 presents the instrument’s parameters and the specifications that each meets.  
Table 2-1:  
9110T Basic Unit Specifications  
Parameter  
Specification  
Min/Max Range  
(Physical Analog Output)  
Min: 0-50 ppb Full Scale  
Max: 0-20,000 ppb Full Scale (selectable, independent NO, NO2, NOx ranges and  
auto ranges supported)  
Measurement Units  
Zero Noise1  
ppb, ppm, µg/m3, mg/m3 (selectable)  
< 0.2 ppb (RMS)  
Span Noise1  
Lower Detectable Limit 2  
Zero Drift  
< 0.5% of reading (RMS) above 50 ppb or 0.2 ppb, whichever is greater  
0.4 ppb  
< 0.5 ppb (at constant temperature and voltage) /24 hours  
< 0.5% of Full Scale (at constant temperature and voltage) /24 hours  
20 seconds  
Span Drift  
Lag Time1  
Rise/Fall Time1  
<60 seconds to 95%  
Linearity  
1% of full scale / 24 hours  
Precision  
0.5% of reading above 50 ppb  
Sample Flow Rate  
AC Power  
500 cm3/min ± 10%  
100-120 V, 60 Hz (3.0 A); 220-240 V, 50 Hz (2.5 A)  
Power, Ext Pump  
100 V, 50/60 Hz (3.25 A); 115 V, 60 Hz (3.0 A);  
220-240 V, 50/60 Hz (2.5 A)  
10V, 5V, 1V, 0.1V (selectable)  
All Ranges with 5% Under/Over Range  
Analog Output Ranges  
Analog Output Resolution  
Recorder Offset  
1 part in 4096 of selected full-scale voltage  
± 10%  
Standard I/O  
1 Ethernet: 10/100Base-T  
2 RS-232 (300 – 115,200 baud)  
2 USB device ports  
8 opto-isolated digital status outputs (7 defined, 1 spare)  
6 opto-isolated digital control inputs (4 defined, 2 spar)  
4 analog outputs  
Optional I/O  
1 USB com port  
1 RS485  
8 analog inputs (0-10V, 12-bit)  
4 digital alarm outputs  
Multidrop RS232  
3 4-20mA current outputs  
7" x 17" x 23.5" (178mm x 432 mm x 597 mm)  
Dimensions H x W x D  
Weight  
Analyzer: 40 lbs (18 kg)  
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Specifications, Approvals, & Compliance  
Parameter  
Specification  
External Pump Pack: 15 lbs (7 kg)  
Operating Temperature Range  
5 - 40 C (with EPA equivalency)  
Humidity Range  
0-95% RH non-condensing  
Environmental Conditions  
1 As defined by the US EPA.  
Installation Category (Over voltage Category) II Pollution Degree 2  
2 Defined as twice the zero noise level by the US EPA.  
2.2. EPA EQUIVALENCY DESIGNATION  
TAI’s 9110T nitrogen oxides analyzer is designated as a reference method (Number RFNA-1104-099)  
for NO2 measurement, as defined in 40 CFR Part 53, when operated under the following conditions:  
Range: Any full-scale range between 0-0.05 and 0-1.0 ppm (parts per million).  
Ambient temperature range of 5 to 40°C.  
With 1-micron PTFE filter element installed in the internal filter assembly.  
Equipped with ozone supply air filter  
Gas flow supplied by External vacuum pump capable of 10 in-Hg-A at 2 standard liters per minute  
(slpm) or better.  
Software Settings, see Table 2-2:  
Table 2-2: Software Settings for EPA Equivalence  
Parameter  
Setting  
Dynamic Zero  
OFF or ON  
OFF  
Dynamic Span  
CAL-on-NO2  
OFF  
Dilution Factor  
Temp/Pres compensation  
AutoCal  
1.0 or OFF  
ON  
ON or OFF  
ON or OFF  
ON or OFF  
Independent range  
Auto range  
Under the designation, the Analyzer may be operated with or without the following options:  
Rack mount with or without slides.  
Rack mount for external pump.  
4-20mA isolated analog outputs.  
Zero/Span Valves option.  
Internal Zero/Span (IZS) option with:  
NO2 permeation tube - 0.4 ppm at 0.7 liter per minute; certified/uncertified.  
NO2 permeation tube - 0.8 ppm at 0.7 liter per minute; certified/uncertified.  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Specifications, Approvals, & Compliance  
Note  
Under the designation, the IZS option cannot be used as the source of  
calibration.  
2.3. APPROVALS AND CERTIFICATIONS  
The TAI Model 9110T analyzer was tested and certified for Safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility  
(EMC). This section presents the compliance statements for those requirements and directives.  
2.3.1. SAFETY  
IEC 61010-1:2001, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,  
control, and laboratory use.  
CE: 2006/95/EC, Low-Voltage Directive  
North American:  
cNEMKO (Canada): CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04  
NEMKO-CCL (US): UL No. 61010-1 (2nd Edition)  
2.3.2.  
EMC  
EN 61326-1 (IEC 61326-1), Class A Emissions/Industrial Immunity  
EN 55011 (CISPR 11), Group 1, Class A Emissions  
FCC 47 CFR Part 15B, Class A Emissions  
CE: 2004/108/EC, Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive  
2.3.3. OTHER TYPE CERTIFICATIONS  
MCERTS: Sira MC 050068/05  
For additional certifications, please contact Customer Service:  
Toll-free Phone: 800-324-5190  
Phone: 858-657-9800  
Fax: 858-657-9816  
Email: [email protected]  
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Specifications, Approvals, & Compliance  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
3. GETTING STARTED  
This section addresses the procedures for unpacking the instrument and inspecting for damage, presents  
clearance specifications for proper ventilation, introduces the instrument layout, then presents the  
procedures for getting started: making electrical and pneumatic connections, and conducting an initial  
calibration check.  
3.1. UNPACKING THE 9110T ANALYZER  
CAUTION  
GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
To avoid personal injury, always use two persons to lift and carry the 9110T.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
Printed Circuit Assemblies (PCAs) are sensitive to electro-static  
discharges too small to be felt by the human nervous system. Failure to  
use ESD protection when working with electronic assemblies will void  
the instrument warranty. Refer to Section 14 for more information on  
preventing ESD damage.  
CAUTION!  
Do not operate this instrument until you’ve removed dust plugs from SAMPLE  
and EXHAUST ports on the rear panel.  
Note  
TAI recommends that you store shipping containers/materials for future  
use if/when the instrument should be returned to the factory for repair  
and/or calibration service. See Warranty section in this manual and  
shipping procedures on our Website at http://www.teledyne-api.com  
under Customer Support > Return Authorization.  
Verify that there is no apparent external shipping damage. If damage has occurred, please advise the  
shipper first, then TAI.  
Included with your analyzer is a printed record of the final performance characterization performed on  
your instrument at the factory. This record, titled Final Test and Validation Data Sheet (P/N 04490) is  
an important quality assurance and calibration record for this instrument. It should be placed in the  
quality records file for this instrument.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
With no power to the unit, carefully removed the top cover of the analyzer and check for internal  
shipping damage by carrying out the following steps:  
1. Carefully remove the top cover of the analyzer and check for internal shipping  
damage.  
2. Remove the setscrew located in the top, center of the Front panel.  
3. Slide the cover backwards until it clears the analyzer’s front bezel.  
4. Lift the cover straight up.  
5. Inspect the interior of the instrument to ensure all circuit boards and other  
components are in good shape and properly seated.  
6. Check the connectors of the various internal wiring harnesses and pneumatic hoses  
to ensure they are firmly and properly seated.  
7. Verify that all of the optional hardware ordered with the unit has been installed.  
These are listed on the paperwork accompanying the analyzer.  
WARNING – ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD  
Never disconnect PCAs, wiring harnesses or electronic subassemblies  
while under power.  
3.1.1. VENTILATION CLEARANCE  
Whether the analyzer is set up on a bench or installed into an instrument rack, be sure to leave sufficient  
ventilation clearance.  
Table 3-1: Ventilation Clearance  
MINIMUM REQUIRED  
AREA  
CLEARANCE  
Back of the instrument  
Sides of the instrument  
10 cm / 4 in  
2.5 cm / 1 in  
2.5 cm / 1 in  
Above and below the instrument  
Various rack mount kits are available for this analyzer. Refer to Section 1.4 of this manual for more  
information.  
3.2. INSTRUMENT LAYOUT  
Instrument layout shows front panel and display, rear panel connectors, and internal chassis layout.  
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Getting Started  
3.2.1. FRONT PANEL  
Figure 3-1 shows the analyzer’s front panel layout, followed by a close-up of the display screen in  
Figure 3-2, which is described in Table 3-2. The two USB ports on the front panel are provided for the  
connection of peripheral devices:  
plug-in mouse (not included) to be used as an alternative to the touchscreen interface  
thumb drive (not included) to download updates to instruction software (contact TAPI Customer  
Service for information).  
Figure 3-1:  
Front Panel Layout  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Figure 3-2:  
Display Screen and Touch Control  
The front panel liquid crystal display screen includes touch control. Upon analyzer start-up, the screen  
shows a splash screen and other initialization indicators before the main display appears, similar to  
Figure 3-2 above. The LEDs on the display screen indicate the Sample, Calibration and Fault states; also  
on the screen is the gas concentration field (Conc), which displays real-time readouts for the primary  
gases, NO, NO2, and NOx, and for the secondary gas if installed. The display screen also shows what  
mode the analyzer is currently in, as well as messages and data (Param). Along the bottom of the screen  
is a row of touch control buttons; only those that are currently applicable will have a label. Table 3-2  
provides detailed information for each component of the screen.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
Do not use hard-surfaced instruments such as pens to touch the control  
buttons.  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Table 3-2:  
Field  
Display Screen and Touch Control Description  
Description/Function  
Status  
LEDs indicating the states of Sample, Calibration and Fault, as follows:  
Name  
Color  
State  
Off  
Definition  
Unit is not operating in sample mode, DAS is disabled.  
On  
Sample Mode active; Front Panel Display being updated; DAS data  
being stored.  
SAMPLE Green  
Unit is operating in sample mode, front panel display being updated,  
DAS hold-off mode is ON, DAS disabled  
Blinking  
Off  
Auto Cal disabled  
CAL  
Yellow  
Red  
On  
Blinking  
Auto Cal enabled  
Unit is in calibration mode  
Off  
Blinking  
No warnings exist  
Warnings exist  
FAULT  
Displays the actual concentration of the sample gas currently being measured by the analyzer in the  
currently selected units of measure.  
Conc  
Mode  
Displays the name of the analyzer’s current operating mode  
Displays a variety of informational messages such as warning messages, operational data, test function  
values and response messages during interactive tasks.  
Param  
Control Buttons  
Displays dynamic, context sensitive labels on each button, which is blank when inactive until applicable.  
Figure 3-3 shows how the front panel display is mapped to the menu charts illustrated in this manual.  
The Mode, Param (parameters), and Conc (gas concentration) fields in the display screen are  
represented across the top row of each menu chart. The eight touch control buttons along the bottom of  
the display screen are represented in the bottom row of each menu chart.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Figure 3-3:  
Display/Touch Control Screen Mapped to Menu Charts  
Note  
The menu charts in this manual contain condensed representations of the  
analyzer’s display during the various operations being described. These  
menu charts are not intended to be exact visual representations of the  
actual display.  
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Getting Started  
3.2.2. REAR PANEL  
Figure 3-4:  
Rear Panel Layout – Base Unit  
Table 3-3 provides a description of each component on the rear panel.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Table 3-3:  
Component  
cooling fan  
Rear Panel Description  
Function  
Pulls ambient air into chassis through side vents and exhausts through rear.  
Connector for three-prong cord to apply AC power to the analyzer.  
AC power  
connector  
CAUTION! The cord’s power specifications (specs) MUST comply with the power  
specs on the analyzer’s rear panel Model number label  
Identifies the analyzer model number and provides power specs  
Model/specs label  
TO CONV  
(not used)  
(not used)  
(not used)  
(not used)  
FROM CONV  
MULTI  
TO DRYER  
Outlet for internal sample gas dryer; connect to external zero air scrubber (for IZS options  
only).  
FROM DRYER  
Connect a gas line from the source of sample gas here.  
SAMPLE  
Calibration gases can also enter here on units without zero/span/shutoff valve options  
installed.  
Connect an exhaust gas line of not more than 10 meters long here that leads outside the  
shelter or immediate area surrounding the instrument. The line must be ¼” tubing or  
greater.  
EXHAUST  
On units with zero/span/shutoff valves option installed, connect a gas line to the source of  
calibrated span gas here.  
SPAN 1  
SPAN2/VENT  
ZERO AIR  
On units with pressurized span valve option, used for venting.  
Internal Zero Air: On units with zero/span/shutoff valves option installed but no internal  
zero air scrubber attach a gas line to the source of zero air here.  
LEDs indicate receive (RX) and transmit (TX) activity on the when blinking.  
Serial communications port for RS-232 or RS-485.  
RX TX  
COM 2  
RS-232  
Serial communications port for RS-232 only.  
Switch to select either data terminal equipment or data communication equipment during  
RS-232 communication.  
DCE DTE  
For ouputs to devices such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).  
For voltage or current loop outputs to a strip chart recorder and/or a data logger.  
For remotely activating the zero and span calibration modes.  
STATUS  
ANALOG OUT  
CONTROL IN  
ALARM  
Option for concentration alarms and system warnings.  
Connector for network or Internet remote communication, using Ethernet cable  
ETHERNET  
Option for external voltage signals from other instrumentation and for logging these  
signals  
ANALOG IN  
Connector for direct connection to laptop computer, using USB cable.  
Includes voltage and frequency specifications  
USB  
Model Label  
3.2.3. INTERNAL CHASSIS LAYOUT  
Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6 show internal chassis configurations with different options.  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Figure 3-5:  
Internal Layout – Top View with IZS Option  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Figure 3-6:  
Internal Layout - Top View Showing Other Options  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
3.3. CONNECTIONS AND SETUP  
This section presents the electrical (Section 3.3.1) and pneumatic (Section 3.3.2) connections for setup  
and preparing for instrument operation.  
3.3.1. ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS  
Note  
To maintain compliance with EMC standards, it is required that the cable  
length be no greater than 3 meters for all I/O connections, which include  
Analog In, Analog Out, Status Out, Control In, Ethernet/LAN, USB, RS-232,  
and RS-485.  
This section presents the electrical connections for AC power and communications.  
3.3.1.1. Connecting Power  
Attach the power cord to the analyzer and plug it into a power outlet capable of carrying at least 10 A  
current at your AC voltage and that it is equipped with a functioning earth ground.  
WARNING  
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD  
High Voltages are present inside the analyzers case.  
Power connection must have functioning ground connection.  
Do not defeat the ground wire on power plug.  
Turn off analyzer power before disconnecting or  
connecting electrical subassemblies.  
Do not operate with cover off.  
CAUTION  
GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
The 9110T analyzer can be configured for both  
100-130 V and 210-240 V at either 47 or 63 Hz.  
To avoid damage to your analyzer, ensure that the AC power voltage  
matches the voltage indicated on the analyzer’s model/specs label (Figure  
3-4) before plugging the 9110T into line power.  
3.3.1.2. Connecting Analog Inputs (Option)  
The Analog In connector is used for connecting external voltage signals from other instrumentation  
(such as meteorological instruments) and for logging these signals in the analyzer’s internal DAS. The  
input voltage range for each analog input is 0-10 VDC.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Figure 3-7:  
Analog In Connector  
Pin assignments for the Analog In connector are presented in Table 3-4.  
Table 3-4: Analog Input Pin Assignments  
DAS  
PIN  
DESCRIPTION  
PARAMETER1  
1
Analog input # 1  
Analog input # 2  
Analog input # 3  
Analog input # 4  
Analog input # 5  
Analog input # 6  
Analog input # 7  
Analog input # 8  
Analog input Ground  
AIN 1  
AIN 2  
AIN 3  
AIN 4  
AIN 5  
AIN 6  
AIN 7  
AIN 8  
N/A  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
GND  
1 See Section 7 for details on setting up the DAS.  
3.3.1.3. Connecting Analog Outputs  
The 9110T is equipped with several analog output channels accessible through a connector on the back  
panel of the instrument.  
Output channels A1, A2 and A3 are assigned to the NOx, NO and NO2 concentration signals of the  
analyzer.  
The default analog output voltage setting of these channels is 0 to 5 VDC with a reporting  
range of 0 to 500 ppb.  
An optional Current Loop output is available for each.  
The output labeled A4 is special. It can be set by the user to output any one a variety of diagnostic test  
functions (see Section 5.9.4).  
The default analog output voltage setting of these channels is also 0 to 5 VDC.  
See Section 5.9.4 for a list of available functions and their associated reporting range.  
There is no optional Current Loop output available for Channel A4.  
To access these signals attach a strip chart recorder and/or data-logger to the appropriate analog output  
connections on the rear panel of the analyzer. Pin-outs for the analog output connector are:  
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Getting Started  
ANALOG OUT  
A2 A3  
A1  
A4  
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
Figure 3-8:  
Analog Output Connector  
Table 3-5: Analog Output Pin Assignments  
STANDARD  
VOLTAGE OUTPUT LOOP OPTION  
CURRENT  
PIN  
ANALOG OUTPUT  
SIGNAL  
1
2
3
4
3
4
7
8
V Out  
Ground  
V Out  
I Out +  
I Out -  
NOx Concentration  
A1  
A2  
I Out +  
NO Concentration  
NO2 Concentration  
TEST CHANNEL  
Ground  
V Out  
I Out -  
I Out +  
A3  
Ground  
V Out  
I Out -  
Not Available  
Not Available  
A41  
Ground  
To change the settings for the analog output channels, see Section 5.9.2.  
3.3.1.4. Current Loop Analog Outputs (Option 41) Setup  
If your analyzer had this option installed at the factory, there are no further connectons to be made.  
Otherwise, it can be installed as a retrofit for each of the analog outputs of the analyzer . This option  
converts the DC voltage analog output to a current signal with 0-20 mA output current. The outputs can  
be scaled to any set of limits within that 0-20 mA range. However, most current loop applications call  
for either 2-20 mA or 4-20 mA range. All current loop outputs have a +5% over-range. Ranges with the  
lower limit set to more than 1 mA (e.g., 2-20 or 4-20 mA) also have a -5% under-range.  
Figure 3-9 provides installation instructions and illustrates a sample combination of one current output  
and two voltage outputs configuration. This section provides instructions for converting current loop  
analog outputs to standard 0-to-5 VDC outputs. Information on calibrating or adjusting these outputs can  
be found in Section 5.9.3.7.  
CAUTION – AVOID INVALIDATING WARRANTY  
Servicing or handling of circuit components requires electrostatic  
discharge protection, i.e. ESD grounding straps, mats and containers.  
Failure to use ESD protection when working with electronic assemblies will  
void the instrument warranty. Refer to Section 14 for more information on  
preventing ESD damage.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Figure 3-9:  
Current Loop Option Installed on the Motherboard  
CONVERTING CURRENT LOOP ANALOG OUTPUTS TO STANDARD VOLTAGE OUTPUTS  
To convert an output configured for current loop operation to the standard 0 to 5 VDC output operation:  
1. Turn off power to the analyzer.  
8. If a recording device was connected to the output being modified, disconnect it.  
9. Remove the top cover.  
Remove the set screw located in the top, center of the rear panel.  
Remove the screws fastening the top cover to the unit (one per side).  
Slide the cover back and lift the cover straight up.  
10. Remove the screw holding the current loop option to the motherboard.  
11. Disconnect the current loop option PCA from the appropriate connector on the  
motherboard (see Figure 3-9).  
12. Each connector, J19 and J23, requires two shunts. Place one shunt on the two left  
most pins and the second shunt on the two adjacent pins (see Figure 3-9).  
13. Reattach the top case to the analyzer.  
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The analyzer is now ready to have a voltage-sensing, recording device attached to that output.  
Calibrate the analog output as described in Section 5.9.3.2.  
3.3.1.5. Connecting the Status Outputs  
The status outputs report analyzer conditions via optically isolated NPN transistors, which sink up to 50  
mA of DC current. These outputs can be used interface with devices that accept logic-level digital  
inputs, such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). Each Status bit is an open collector output that  
can withstand up to 40 VDC. All of the emitters of these transistors are tied together and available at pin  
D.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
Most PLC’s have internal provisions for limiting the current that the input  
will draw from an external device. When connecting to a unit that does  
not have this feature, an external dropping resistor must be used to limit  
the current through the transistor output to less than 50 mA. At 50 mA,  
the transistor will drop approximately 1.2V from its collector to emitter.  
The status outputs are accessed via a 12-pin connector on the analyzer’s rear panel labeled STATUS  
(Figure 3-4). Pin-outs for this connector are:  
STATUS  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D
+
+5V to external device  
Figure 3-10:  
Table 3-6: Status Output Pin Assignments  
OUTPUT # STATUS DEFINITION CONDITION  
Status Output Connector  
1
On if no faults are present.  
SYSTEM OK  
CONC VALID  
On if O3 concentration measurement is valid.  
If the O3 concentration measurement is invalid, this bit is OFF.  
2
3
4
5
On if unit is in high range of DUAL or AUTO Range Modes.  
On whenever the instrument is in CALZ mode.  
On whenever the instrument is in CALS mode.  
HIGH RANGE  
ZERO CAL  
SPAN CAL  
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Getting Started  
6
7-8  
D
On whenever the instrument is in DIAGNOSTIC mode.  
SPARE  
DIAG MODE  
Emitter BUS  
The emitters of the transistors on pins 1 to 8 are bussed together.  
SPARE  
+
DC Power  
+ 5 VDC, 300 mA source maximum  
The ground level from the analyzer’s internal DC power supplies. This  
connection should be used as the ground return when +5VDC power is used.  
Digital Ground  
3.3.1.6. Connecting the Control Inputs  
The analyzer is equipped with three digital control inputs that can be used to remotely activate the zero  
and span calibration modes (see Section 9.1.2.4). Access to these inputs is provided via a 10-pin  
connector labeled CONTROL IN on the analyzer’s rear panel.  
There are two methods for energizing the Control Inputs. The internal +5V available from the pin  
labeled “+” is the most convenient method however, to ensure that these inputs are truly isolated; a  
separate external 5 VDC power supply should be used.  
CONTROL IN  
CONTROL IN  
A
B
C
D
E
F
U
+
A
B
C
D
E
F
U
+
+
-
5 VDC Power  
Supply  
External Power Connections  
Local Power Connections  
Figure 3-11:  
Energizing the 9110T Control Inputs  
Table 3-7: Control Input Pin Assignments  
ON Condition  
Status  
Definition  
Input #  
REMOTE  
ZERO CAL  
The Analyzer is placed in Zero Calibration mode. The mode field of the display will  
read ZERO CAL R.  
A
B
REMOTE  
SPAN CAL  
The Analyzer is placed in Lo Span Calibration mode. The mode field of the display will  
read SPAN CAL R.  
C, D, E  
& F  
Spare  
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The ground level from the analyzer’s internal DC Power Supplies (same as chassis  
ground).  
Digital Ground  
External Power  
input  
U
Input pin for +5 VDC required to activate pins A – F.  
Internally generated 5V DC power. To activate inputs A – F, place a jumper between  
this pin and the “U” pin. The maximum amperage through this port is 300 mA  
(combined with the analog output supply, if used).  
+
5 VDC output  
3.3.1.7. Concentration Alarm Relay (Option 61)  
The TAI “E” series analyzers have an option for four (4) “dry contact” relays on the rear panel of the  
instrument. This relay option is different from and in addition to the “Contact Closures” that come  
standard on all TAPI instruments. The relays have 3 pins that have connections on the rear panel (refer  
Figure 3-12). They are a Common (C), a Normally Open (NO), & a Normally Closed (NC) pin.  
Figure 3-12:  
Concentration Alarm Relay  
Alarm 1  
“System OK 2”  
Alarm 2“Conc 1”  
Alarm 3“Conc 2”  
Alarm 4“Range Bit”  
“ALARM 1” RELAY  
Alarm 1 which is “System OK 2” (system OK 1, is the status bit) is in the energized state when the  
instrument is “OK” & there are no warnings. If there is a warning active or if the instrument is put into  
the “DIAG” mode, Alarm 1 will change states. This alarm has “reverse logic” meaning that if you put a  
meter across the Common & Normally Closed pins on the connector you will find that it is OPEN when  
the instrument is OK. This is so that if the instrument should turn off or lose power, it will change states  
& you can record this with a data logger or other recording device.  
“ALARM 2” RELAY & “ALARM 3” RELAY  
The “Alarm 2 Relay” on the rear panel, is associated with the “Concentration Alarm 1” set point in the  
software & the “Alarm 3 Relay” on the rear panel is associated with the “Concentration Alarm 2” set  
point in the software.  
Alarm 2 Relay  
NO Alarm 1 = xxx PPM  
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Getting Started  
Alarm 3 Relay  
NO2 Alarm 2 = xxx PPM  
NOX Alarm 1 = xxx PPM  
NOX Alarm 2 = xxx PPM  
Alarm 2 Relay  
Alarm 3 Relay  
The Alarm 2 Relay will be turned on any time the concentration set-point is exceeded & will return to its  
normal state when the concentration value goes back below the concentration set-point.  
Even though the relay on the rear panel is a NON-Latching alarm & resets when the concentration goes  
back below the alarm set point, the warning on the front panel of the instrument will remain latched until  
it is cleared. You can clear the warning on the front panel by either pushing the CLR button on the front  
panel or through the serial port.  
In instruments that sample more than one gas type, there could be more than one gas type triggering the  
Concentration 1 Alarm (“Alarm 2” Relay). For example, the 9110T instrument can monitor both NO &  
NO2 gas. The software for this instrument is flexible enough to allow you to configure the alarms so that  
you can have 2 alarm levels for each gas.  
NO Alarm 1 = 20 PPM  
NO Alarm 2 = 100 PPM  
NO2 Alarm 1 = 20 PPM  
NO2 Alarm 2 = 100 PPM  
In this example, NO Alarm 1 & NO2 Alarm 1 will both be associated with the “Alarm 2” relay on the  
rear panel. This allows you do have multiple alarm levels for individual gases.  
A more likely configuration for this would be to put one gas on the “Alarm 1” relay and the other gas on  
the “Alarm 2” relay.  
NO Alarm 1 = 20 PPM  
NO Alarm 2 = Disabled  
NO2 Alarm 1 = Disabled  
NO2 Alarm 2 = 100 PPM  
“ALARM 4” RELAY  
This relay is connected to the “range bit”. If the instrument is configured for “Auto Range” and the  
instrument goes up into the high range, it will turn this relay on.  
3.3.1.8. Connecting the Communications Interfaces  
The T-Series analyzers are equipped with connectors for remote communications interfaces: Ethernet,  
USB, RS-232, RS-232 Multidrop and RS-485 (each described here). In addition to using the  
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Getting Started  
appropriate cables, each type of communication method, must be configured using the SETUP>COMM  
menu (see Sections 5.7 and 6).  
ETHERNET CONNECTION  
For network or Internet communication with the analyzer, connect an Ethernet cable from the analyzer’s  
rear panel Ethernet interface connector to an Ethernet port. Although the analyzer is shipped with DHCP  
enabled by default (Section 6.5.2), it should be manually assigned a static IP address.  
Configuration: (manual, i.e., static) Section 6.5.1.  
USB CONNECTION  
The USB option can be used for direct communication between the analyzer and a PC; connect a USB  
cable between the analyzer and computer USB ports. Baud rates must match: check the baud rate on  
either the computer or the instrument and change the other to match (see Section 6.2.2). This USB  
connection can only be used when the COM2 port is not in use except for RS-232 Multidrop  
communication.  
Configuration: Section 6.6.  
Note  
If this option is installed, the rear panel COM2 port cannot be used for  
anything other than Multidrop communication.  
RS-232 CONNECTION  
For RS-232 communications with data terminal equipment (DTE) or with data communication  
equipment (DCE) connect either a DB9-female-to-DB9-female cable (TAI part number WR000077) or a  
DB9-female-to-DB25-male cable (Option 60A, Section 1.4), as applicable, from the analyzer’s rear  
panel RS-232 port to the device. Adjust the DCE-DTE switch (Figure 3-4) to select DTE or DCE as  
appropriate (Section 6.1).  
Configuration: Section 6.3 and Section 6.7.2 (for Hessen protocol).  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Cables that appear to be compatible because of matching connectors  
may incorporate internal wiring that makes the link inoperable. Check  
cables acquired from sources other than TAI for pin assignments (Figure  
3-13) before using.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Figure 3-13  
Rear Panel Connector Pin-Outs for RS-232 Mode  
The signals from these two connectors are routed from the motherboard via a wiring harness to two 10-  
pin connectors on the CPU card, J11 and J12 (Figure 3-14).  
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Getting Started  
Figure 3-14:  
Default Pin Assignments for CPU COMM Port Connector (RS-232).  
TAI offers two mating cables, one of which should be applicable for your use.  
P/N WR000077, a DB-9 female to DB-9 female cable, 6 feet long. Allows connection of the  
serial ports of most personal computers.  
P/N WR000024, a DB-9 female to DB-25 male cable. Allows connection to the most  
common styles of modems (e.g. Hayes-compatible) and code activated switches.  
Both cables are configured with straight-through wiring and should require no additional adapters.  
Note  
Cables that appear to be compatible because of matching connectors  
may incorporate internal wiring that makes the link inoperable. Check  
cables acquired from sources other than TAI for pin assignments before  
using.  
To assist in properly connecting the serial ports to either a computer or a modem, there are activity  
indicators just above the RS-232 port. Once a cable is connected between the analyzer and a computer  
or modem, both the red and green LEDs should be on.  
If the lights are not lit, locate the small switch on the rear panel to switch it between DTE  
and DCE modes.  
If both LEDs are still not illuminated, ensure that the cable properly constructed.  
Received from the factory, the analyzer is set up to emulate an RS-232 DCE device.  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
RS-232 (COM1): RS-232 (fixed) DB-9 male connector  
Baud rate: 115200 bits per second (baud)  
Data Bits: 8 data bits with 1 stop bit  
Parity: None  
COM2: RS-232 (configurable to RS 485), DB-9 female connector  
Baud rate:19200 bits per second (baud)  
Data Bits: 8 data bits with 1 stop bit  
Parity: None  
RS-232 MULTIDROP (OPTION 62) CONNECTION  
When the RS-232 Multidrop option is installed, connection adjustments and configuration through the  
menu system are required. This section provides instructions for the internal connection adjustments,  
then for external connections, and ends with instructions for menu-driven configuration.  
Note  
Because the RS-232 Multidrop option uses both the RS232 and COM2  
DB9 connectors on the analyzer’s rear panel to connect the chain of  
instruments, COM2 port is no longer available for separate RS-232 or  
RS-485 operation.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
Printed Circuit Assemblies (PCAs) are sensitive to electro-static  
discharges too small to be felt by the human nervous system. Failure to  
use ESD protection when working with electronic assemblies will void  
the instrument warranty. Refer to Section 14 for more information on  
preventing ESD damage.  
In each instrument with the Multidrop option there is a shunt jumpering two pins on the serial Multidrop  
and LVDS printed circuit assembly (PCA), as shown in Figure 3-15. This shunt must be removed from  
all instruments except that designated as last in the multidrop chain, which must remain terminated. This  
requires powering off and opening each instrument and making the following adjustments:  
1. With NO power to the instrument, remove its top cover and lay the rear panel open  
for access to the Multidrop/LVDS PCA, which is seated on the CPU.  
2. On the Multidrop/LVDS PCA’s JP2 connector, remove the shunt that jumpers Pins  
21 22 as indicated in. (Do this for all but the last instrument in the chain where  
the shunt should remain at Pins 21 22).  
3. Check that the following cable connections are made in all instruments (again refer  
to Figure 3-15):  
J3 on the Multidrop/LVDS PCA to the CPU’s COM1 connector  
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Getting Started  
1. (Note that the CPU’s COM2 connector is not used in Multidrop)  
J4 on the Multidrop/LVDS PCA to J12 on the motherboard  
J1 on the Multidrop/LVDS PCS to the front panel LCD  
Figure 3-15:  
Jumper and Cables for Multidrop Mode  
2. (Note: If you are adding an instrument to the end of a previously configured chain,  
remove the shunt between Pins 21 22 of JP2 on the Multidrop/LVDS PCA in the  
instrument that was previously the last instrument in the chain.)  
4. Close the instrument.  
5. Referring to Figure 3-16 use straight-through DB9 male DB9 female cables to  
interconnect the host RS232 port to the first analyzer’s RS232 port; then from the  
first analyzer’s COM2 port to the second analyzer’s RS232 port; from the second  
analyzer’s COM2 port to the third analyzer’s RS232 port, etc., connecting in this  
fashion up to eight analyzers, subject to the distance limitations of the RS-232  
standard.  
6. On the rear panel of each analyzer, adjust the DCE DTE switch so that the green  
and the red LEDs (RX and TX) of the COM1 connector (labeled RS232) are both  
lit. (Ensure you are using the correct RS-232 cables internally wired specifically for  
RS-232 communication; see Table 1-1, “Communication Cables” and Section  
3.3.1.8: Connecting the Communications Interfaces, “RS-232 Connection”).  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Getting Started  
Female DB9  
Male DB9  
Host  
RS-232 port  
Analyzer  
Analyzer  
Analyzer  
Last Analyzer  
COM2  
COM2  
COM2  
COM2  
RS-232  
RS-232  
RS-232  
RS-232  
Ensure jumper is  
installed between  
JP2 pins 21  
last instrument of  
multidrop chain.  
22 in  
Figure 3-16:  
RS-232-Multidrop PCA Host/Analyzer Interconnect Diagram  
7. BEFORE communicating from the host, power on the instruments and check that  
the Machine ID code is unique for each (Section 5.7.1).  
3. a.  
In the SETUP Mode menu go to SETUP>MORE>COMM>ID. The  
default ID is typically the model number or “0”.  
4. b.  
to change the identification number, press the button below the digit to  
be changed.  
5. c.  
Press/select ENTER to accept the new ID for that instrument.  
8. Next, in the SETUP>MORE>COMM>COM1 menu (do not use the COM2 menu for  
multidrop), edit the COM1 MODE parameter as follows: press/select EDIT and set  
only QUIET MODE, COMPUTER MODE, and MULTIDROP MODE to ON. Do not  
change any other settings.  
9. Press/select ENTER to accept the changed settings, and ensure that COM1 MODE  
now shows 35.  
10. Press/select SET> to go to the COM1 BAUD RATE menu and ensure it reads the  
same for all instruments (edit as needed so that all instruments are set at the same  
baud rate).  
The (communication) Host instrument can address only one instrument at a  
time, each by its unique ID (see step 7 above).  
Note  
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Getting Started  
TAI recommends setting up the first link, between the Host and the first analyzer,  
and testing it before setting up the rest of the chain.  
Note  
RS-485 CONNECTION  
As delivered from the factory, COM2 is configured for RS-232 communications. This port can be  
reconfigured for operation as a non-isolated, half-duplex RS-485 port. Using COM2 for RS-485  
communication will disable the USB port. To reconfigure this port for RS-485 communication, please  
contact the factory.  
3.3.2. PNEUMATIC CONNECTIONS  
This section provides not only pneumatic connection information, but also important information about  
the gases required for accurate calibration (Section 3.3.2.1); it also illustrates the pneumatic layouts for  
the analyzer in its basic configuration and with options.  
Before making the pneumatic connections, carefully note the following cautionary and additional  
messages:  
CAUTION  
GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
Do not vent calibration gas or sample gas into enclosed areas.  
CAUTION – GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
In units with a permeation tube option installed, vacuum pump must be  
connected and powered on to maintain constant gas flow though the  
analyzer at all times. Insufficient gas flow allows gas to build up to levels  
that will contaminate the instrument or present a safety hazard to  
personnel.  
Remove permeation tube when taking analyzer out of operation, and store  
in sealed container (use original container that tube was shipped in).  
(See Figure 3-6 for location and Section 11.3.6 for instructions on how to  
remove the perm tube when the unit is not in operation).  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Sample and calibration gases should only come into contact with PTFE  
tubing.  
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ATTENTION  
Venting Pressurized Gas:  
In applications where any gas (span gas, zero air supply, sample gas) is  
received from a pressurized manifold, a vent must be provided to equalize  
the gas with ambient atmospheric pressure before it enters the analyzer to  
ensure that the gases input do not exceed the maximum inlet pressure of  
the analyzer, as well as to prevent back diffusion and pressure effects.  
These vents should be:  
• at least 0.2m long  
• no more than 2m long  
• vented outside the shelter or immediate area surrounding the instrument.  
Dust Plugs:  
Remove dust plugs from rear panel exhaust and supply line fittings before  
powering on/operating instrument. These plugs should be kept for reuse in  
the event of future storage or shipping to prevent debris from entering the  
pneumatics.  
Leak Check:  
IMPORTANT  
Run a leak check once the appropriate pneumatic connections have  
been made; check all pneumatic fittings for leaks using the  
procedures defined in Section 11.3.12.1.  
3.3.2.1. About Zero Air and Calibration (Span) Gas  
Zero air and span gas are required for accurate calibration.  
Note  
Zero air and span gases must be supplied at twice the instrument’s  
specified gas flow rate. Therefore, the 9110T zero and span gases should  
be supplied to their respective inlets in excess of 1000 cc3/min (500  
cc3/min x 2).  
ZERO AIR  
Zero air or zero calibration gas is defined as a gas that is similar in chemical composition to the  
measured medium but without the gas to be measured by the analyzer.  
For the 9110T this means zero air should be devoid of NO, NO2, CO2, NH3 or H2O vapor.  
Note  
Moderate amounts of NH3 and H2O can be removed from the sample gas  
stream by installing the optional sample gas dryer/scrubber (see Section  
3.3.2.6).  
If your application is not a measurement in ambient air, the zero calibration gas should be matched  
to the composition of the gas being measured.  
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Pure nitrogen (N2) could be used as a zero gas for applications where NOX is measured in nitrogen.  
If your analyzer is equipped with an external zero air scrubber option, it is capable of creating zero  
air from ambient air.  
For analyzers without the external zero air scrubber, a zero air generator such as the Teledyne  
Model 701 can be used. Please visit the company website for more information.  
CALIBRATION (SPAN) GAS  
Calibration gas is a gas specifically mixed to match the chemical composition of the type of gas being  
measured at near full scale of the desired reporting range. To measure NOX with the 9110T NOX  
analyzer, it is recommended that you use a span gas with an NO concentration equal to 80% of the  
measurement range for your application  
EXAMPLE:  
If the application is to measure NOX in ambient air between 0 ppm and 500 ppb, an appropriate  
span gas would be 400 ppb.  
If the application is to measure NOX in ambient air between 0 ppm and 1000 ppb, an appropriate  
span gas would be 800 ppb.  
Even though NO gas in nitrogen could be used as a span gas, the matrix of the balance gas is different  
and may cause interference problems or yield incorrect calibrations.  
The same applies to gases that contain high concentrations of other compounds (for example, CO2  
or H2O).  
The span gas should match all concentrations of all gases of the measured medium as closely as  
possible.  
Cylinders of the following types of calibrated NOx and NO gas traceable to NIST standards specifications  
(also referred to as EPA protocol calibration gases or Standard Reference Materials) are commercially  
available.  
Table 3-8: NIST-SRM's Available for Traceability of NOx Calibration Gases  
NOMINAL  
CONCENTRATION  
NIST-SRM4  
TYPE  
2627a  
2628a  
2629a  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
5 ppm  
10 ppm  
20 ppm  
1683b  
1684b  
1685b  
1686b  
1687b  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
50 ppm  
100 ppm  
250 ppm  
5000 ppm  
1000 ppm  
2630  
2631a  
2635  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
Nitric Oxide (NO) in N2  
1500 ppm  
3000 ppm  
800 ppm  
2636a  
2000 ppm  
2631a  
1684b  
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) in N2  
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) in N2  
2500 ppm  
100 ppm  
Note  
The NO2 permeation tube included with the 9110T’s optional Internal  
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Zero Air generator (IZS) has a limited accuracy of about ±5%.  
While NO2 permeation tubes may be sufficient for informal calibration  
checks, they are not approved by the US EPA as calibration sources for  
performing actual calibration of the analyzer.  
SPAN GAS FOR MULTIPOINT CALIBRATION  
Some applications, such as EPA monitoring, require a multipoint calibration where span gases of  
different concentrations are needed. We recommend using an NO gas of higher concentration combined  
with a gas dilution calibrator such as a Teledyne Model 700E. This type of calibrator mixes a high  
concentration gas with zero air to accurately produce span gas of the desired concentration. Linearity  
profiles can be automated with this model and run unattended overnight.  
If a dynamic dilution system such as the Teledyne Model 700 is used to dilute high concentration gas  
standards to low, ambient concentrations, ensure that the NO concentration of the reference gas matches  
the dilution range of the calibrator.  
Choose the NO gas concentration so that the dynamic dilution system operates in its mid-range and not  
at the extremes of its dilution capabilities.  
EXAMPLE:  
A dilution calibrator with 10-10000 dilution ratio will not be able to accurately dilute a 5000 ppm NO  
gas to a final concentration of 500 ppb, as this would operate at the very extreme dilution setting.  
A 100 ppm NO gas in nitrogen is much more suitable to calibrate the 9110T analyzer (dilution ratio  
of 222, in the mid-range of the system’s capabilities).  
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3.3.2.2. Basic Connections from Calibrator, without and With Span Gas  
Figure 3-17:  
Gas Line Connections from Calibrator – Basic 9110T Configuration  
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Figure 3-18:  
Gas Line Connections from Bottled Span Gas – Basic 9110T Configuration  
For the 9110T nitrogen oxides analyzer in its basic configuration, attach the following pneumatic lines:  
SAMPLE GAS SOURCE  
Connect a sample gas line to the SAMPLE inlet  
Use PTFE tubing; minimum OD ¼”  
Sample Gas pressure must equal ambient atmospheric pressure (1.0 psig)  
In applications where the sample gas is received from a pressurized manifold and the analyzer is  
not equipped with one of the 9110T’s pressurized span options, a vent must be placed on the  
sample gas line. This vent line must be:  
No more than 10 meters long.  
Vented outside the shelter or immediate area surrounding the instrument.  
CALIBRATION GAS SOURCES  
CAL GAS & ZERO AIR SOURCES: The source of calibration gas is also attached to the SAMPLE  
inlet, but only when a calibration operation is actually being performed.  
Use PTFE tubing; minimum OD ¼”.  
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VENTING  
In order to prevent back diffusion and pressure effects, both the span gas and zero air supply lines should  
be:  
Vented outside the enclosure.  
Minimum OD ¼”.  
Not less than 2 meters in length.  
Not greater than 10 meters in length.  
EXHAUST OUTLET  
Attach an exhaust line to the EXHAUST outlet fitting. The exhaust line should be:  
Use PTFE tubing; minimum OD ¼”.  
A maximum of 10 meters long.  
Vented outside the 9110T analyzer’s enclosure  
Note  
Once the appropriate pneumatic connections have been made, check all  
pneumatic fittings for leaks using the procedures defined in Sections  
13.3.13.2 (or 13.3.13.3 for detailed check if leak suspected).  
PNEUMATIC LAYOUT FOR BASIC CONFIGURATION  
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Figure 3-19:  
Pneumatics, Basic Configuration  
3.3.2.3. Connections w/Ambient Zero/Ambient Span (Z/S) Valves (OPT 50A)  
This valve package includes:  
Two solenoid valves located inside the analyzer that allow the user to switch either zero, span or  
sample gas to the instrument’s sensor.  
Two additional gas inlet ports (ZERO AIR and SPAN1).  
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Figure 3-20:  
Rear Panel Layout with Z/S Valve Options (OPT 50A)  
Figure 3-21:  
Gas Line Connections for 9110T with Z/S Valves Option (OPT 50A)  
SAMPLE GAS SOURCE  
Attach a sample inlet line to the SAMPLE inlet fitting.  
Use PTFE tubing; minimum O.D ¼”.  
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Sample Gas pressure must equal ambient atmospheric pressure (no greater than 1.0 psig).  
In applications where the sample gas is received from a pressurized manifold, a vent must be  
placed on the sample gas line. This vent line must be no more than 10 meters long.  
CALIBRATION GAS SOURCES  
SPAN GAS  
Attach a gas line from the source of calibration gas (e.g. a Teledyne  
M700E Dynamic Dilution Calibrator) to the SPAN1 inlet (see Figure  
3-20). Use PTFE tubing; minimum O.D ¼”.  
ZERO AIR  
Zero air is supplied by the zero air generator such as a Teledyne  
M701. Attach a gas line from the source of zero air to the ZERO AIR  
inlet.  
VENTING  
In order to prevent back diffusion and pressure effects, both the span gas and zero air supply lines  
should be:  
Vented outside the enclosure.  
Not less than 2 meters in length.  
Not greater than 10 meters in length.  
EXHAUST OUTLET  
Attach an exhaust line to the EXHAUST OUTLET fitting. The exhaust line should be:  
¼” PTFE tubing  
maximum 10 meters long  
Vented outside the 9110T analyzer’s enclosure  
Note  
Once the appropriate pneumatic connections have been made, check all  
pneumatic fittings for leaks using the procedures defined in Section  
13.3.12.  
To find instructions on calibrating a 9110T with this option installed, see  
section 10.4.  
PNEUMATIC LAYOUT FOR AMBIENT ZERO/AMBIENT SPAN VALVES (OPT 50A)  
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Figure 3-22:  
Pneumatics with Zero/Span Valves OPT 50A  
Table 3-9:  
Zero/Span Valves Operating States OPT 50A  
VALVE PORT  
STATUS  
MODE  
VALVE  
CONDITION  
Sample/Cal  
Zero/Span  
Open to SAMPLE inlet  
Open to ZERO AIR inlet  
3 2  
3 2  
1 2  
3 2  
1 2  
1 2  
SAMPLE  
Sample/Cal  
Zero/Span  
Open to ZERO/SPAN Valve  
Open to ZERO AIR inlet  
ZERO CAL  
SPAN CAL  
Sample/Cal  
Zero/Span  
Open to ZERO/SPAN Valve  
Open to SPAN inlet  
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3.3.2.4. Connections w/Ambient Zero/Pressurized Span Valves (OpT 50B)  
This calibration valve package is appropriate for applications where Span Gas is being supplied from a  
pressurized source such as bottled NIST SRM gases. This option includes:  
A critical flow orifice and vent that maintains the Span Gas supply at 1 ATM.  
A SHUTOFF valve to preserve the Span Gas source when it is not in use.  
Two solenoid valves located inside the analyzer that allow the user to switch either zero, span or  
sample gas to the instrument’s sensor.  
Three additional gas inlet ports (ZERO AIR, SPAN and VENT).  
Figure 3-23:  
Rear Panel Layout with Ambient Zero/Pressurized Span Valves OPT 50B  
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Figure 3-24:  
Gas Line Connection w/Ambient Zero/Pressurized Span Valves (OPT 50B)  
SAMPLE GAS SOURCE  
Attach a sample inlet line to the SAMPLE inlet fitting.  
Use PTFE tubing; minimum O.D ¼”.  
Sample Gas pressure must equal ambient atmospheric pressure (29.92 in-Hg).  
In applications where the sample gas is received from a pressurized manifold, a vent must be  
placed on the sample gas line. This vent line must be:  
No more than 10 meters long.  
Vented outside the shelter or immediate area surrounding the instrument.  
CALIBRATION GAS SOURCES  
SPAN GAS  
Attach a gas line from the pressurized source of calibration gas (e.g. a  
bottle of NISTSRM gas) to the SPAN1 inlet.. Use PTFE tubing;  
minimum O.D ¼”.  
ZERO AIR  
(the dual-stage zero Air Scrubber makes zero air)  
VENTING  
Attach a line to the SPAN2/VENT outlet. It should be:  
¼” PTFE tubing.  
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Vented outside the enclosure.  
Not less than 2 meters in length.  
Not greater than 10 meters in length.  
EXHAUST OUTLET  
Attach an exhaust line to the EXHAUST outlet fitting. The exhaust line should be:  
¼” PTFE tubing.  
A maximum of 10 meters long.  
Vented outside the 9110T analyzer’s enclosure.  
PNEUMATIC LAYOUT FOR AMBIENT ZERO/PRESSURIZED SPAN (OPT 50B)  
Figure 3-25:  
Pneumatics with Ambient Zero/Pressurized Span Valves (OPT 50B)  
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Table 3-10:  
Valve Operating States OPT 50B installed  
VALVE PORT  
MODE  
VALVE  
CONDITION  
STATUS  
Sample/Cal  
Zero/Span  
Open to SAMPLE inlet  
Open to ZERO AIR inlet  
3 2  
3 2  
SAMPLE  
Span Shutoff  
Zero Air Shutoff  
Closed  
Closed  
Sample/Cal  
Zero/Span  
Open to ZERO/SPAN Valve  
Open to ZERO AIR inlet  
OPEN  
1 2  
3 2  
ZERO CAL  
SPAN CAL  
Span Shutoff  
Zero Air Shutoff1  
Closed  
Sample/Cal  
Open to ZERO/SPAN Valve  
1 2  
Zero/Span  
Span Shutoff  
Zero Air Shutoff  
Open to SPAN inlet  
Closed  
1 2  
OPEN  
3.3.2.5. Zero Scrubber and Internal Span Source (IZS) (OPT 50G)  
The 9110T nitrogen oxides analyzer can also be equipped with an internal NO2 span gas generator and  
calibration valve option. This option package is intended for applications where there is a need for  
frequent automated calibration checks without access to an external source of span gas.  
This valve package includes:  
A 2-stage external scrubber for producing zero air.  
50% Purafil Chemisorbant® (for conversion of NO NO2).  
50% charcoal (for removal of the NO2).  
A heated enclosure for a NO2 permeation tube.  
This option package DOES NOT contain an actual permeation tube. See  
Section 1.4 (Options 52B and 52G) for information on specifying the correct  
permeation tube for each application.  
A special desorber that removes all HNO3 from the calibration gas stream.  
One additional gas inlet port (ZERO AIR).  
One additional gas outlet port (FROM DRYER).  
Two internal valves for switching between the sample gas inlet and the output of the zero/span  
subsystem.  
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Figure 3-26:  
Rear Panel Layout with Internal Span Source (IZS) OPT 50G  
INTERNAL SPAN GAS GENERATION  
The primary component of the internal span option is a permeation tube containing liquid NO2. As zero  
air is passed over a permeable membrane on the end of the tube, molecules of NO2 slowly pass through  
the membrane mixing with the zero air.  
The resulting concentration of the NO2 span gas is determined by three factors:  
Size of the membrane: The larger the area of the membrane, the more permeation occurs.  
Temperature of the NO2: Increasing the temperature of the permeation tube increases the pressure  
inside the tube and therefore increases the rate of permeation.  
Flow rate of the zero air: If the previous two variables are constant, the permeation rate of the NO2  
into the zero air stream will be constant. Therefore, a lower flow rate of zero air produces higher  
concentrations of NO2.  
In the Model 9110T the permeation tube enclosure is heated to a constant 50° C (10° above the  
maximum operating temperature of the instrument) in order to keep the permeation rate constant. A  
thermistor measures the actual temperature and reports it to the CPU for control feedback.  
The flow rate of zero air across the permeation tube is maintained at 50 ± 10 cm³/min by a critical flow  
orifice located in the analyzer’s exhaust manifold.  
NITRIC ACID AND THE CHEMISTRY OF NO2 PERMEATION TUBES  
The reaction of H2O with NO2 to form HNO3 (nitric acid) takes place whenever water and NO2 are  
present in the same gas mixture. In the 9110T this is mitigated as much as possible by passing the air  
supply for the span gas generator through a special dryer, however the permeable membrane of the NO2  
tube will still allow H2O from the ambient environment to slowly collect in the tube at increasingly  
higher concentrations. Over time this results in the presence of HNO3 in the permeation tube which is  
exuded into the 9110T’s pneumatics along with NO2.  
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HNO3 is a liquid at room temperature, so once the HNO3 is released by the permeation tube it condenses  
and collects along the 9110T’s wetted surfaces, While liquid HNO3 does not directly effect the quality of  
NOx measurements of the Model 9110T, it does give off small amounts of gaseous HNO3 which is  
converted into NO by the 9110T’s NOx NO converter resulting in an artificially high NO2  
concentration by 8% to 12%. This is particularly bothersome when 9110T is attempting to measure a  
zero point, such as during calibration, since the NO2 concentration will only reach a true zero point once  
the majority of the HNO3 coating the wetted surfaces has reverted to NO2 and this can take a very long  
time.  
The 9110T includes a special HNO3 desorbed which eliminates any HNO3 given off by the permeation  
tube before it can be converted into NO by the analyzer’s converter.  
PNEUMATIC LAYOUT FOR ZERO SCRUBBER AND IZS (OPT 50G)  
Figure 3-27:  
Pneumatics with the Internal Span Gas Generator (OPT 50G)  
Table 3-11: Internal Span Gas Generator Valve Operating States OPT 50G  
VALVE PORT  
STATUS  
MODE  
SAMPLE  
VALVE  
CONDITION  
Sample/Cal  
Open to SAMPLE inlet  
3 2  
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Zero/Span  
Sample/Cal  
Zero/Span  
Sample/Cal  
Zero/Span  
Open to ZERO AIR inlet  
Open to ZERO/SPAN Valve  
Open to ZERO AIR inlet  
Open to ZERO/SPAN Valve  
Open to SPAN inlet  
3 2  
1 2  
3 2  
1 2  
1 2  
ZERO CAL  
SPAN CAL  
3.3.2.6. Gas Conditioner Options  
AMMONIA REMOVAL SAMPLE CONDITIONER (OPT 86A)  
The 9110T includes a Nafion® permeation gas exchange tube to remove H2O a from the ozone generator  
supply gas stream to a dew point of about -20° C (~600 ppm H2O) and effectively remove concentrations  
of ammonia (NH3) up to about 1 ppm.  
An additional Sample Conditioner can be added to the 9110T’s sample gas stream.  
Sample Gas  
NH3 Dryer/Scrubber  
NO/NOX  
VALVE  
SAMPLE  
PRESSURE  
SENSOR  
VACUUM  
PRESSURE  
SENSOR  
O3 FLOW  
SENSOR  
AUTOZERO  
VALVE  
PMT  
Figure 3-28:  
Pneumatics for Sample Conditioner OPT 86A  
ZERO AIR SCRUBBER (OPT 86C), FOR Z/S VALVES  
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An external zero air scrubber for Z/S valves can be used in place of a zero air generator The following  
pneumatic diagram illustrates the internal and external flow for a 9110T analyzer with a Z/S valve option  
and the Zero Air Scrubber (Option 86C):  
Figure 3-29:  
Pneumatics for External Zero Air Scrubber (OPT 86C) for Z/S Valves  
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3.4. STARTUP, FUNCTIONAL CHECKS, AND INITIAL  
CALIBRATION  
CAUTION!  
If the presence of ozone is detected at any time, power down the instrument  
and contact TAI Customer Service as soon as possible:  
(626) 934-1500 or email: [email protected]  
If you are unfamiliar with the 9110T principles of operation, we recommend that you read Section 13.  
For information on navigating the analyzer’s software menus, see the menu trees described in Appendix  
A.  
3.4.1. START UP  
After the electrical and pneumatic connections are made, an initial functional check is in order. Turn on  
the instrument. The pump and exhaust fan should start immediately. The display will show a splash  
screen and other information during the initialization process while the CPU loads the operating system,  
the firmware and the configuration data.  
The analyzer should automatically switch to Sample Mode after completing the boot-up sequence and  
start monitoring the gas. However, there is an approximately one hour warm-up period before reliable  
gas measurements can be taken. During the warm-up period, the front panel display may show messages  
in the parameters (Param) field.  
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3.4.2. WARNING MESSAGES  
Because internal temperatures and other conditions may be outside the specified limits during the  
analyzer’s warm-up period, the software will suppress most warning conditions for 30 minutes after  
power up. If warning messages persist after the 30 minutes warm up period is over, investigate their  
cause using the troubleshooting guidelines in Section 12.1.  
To view and clear warning messages, press:  
Table 3-12 lists brief descriptions of the warning messages that may occur during start up.  
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Table 3-12: Possible Warning Messages at Start-Up  
MEANING  
MESSAGE  
SYSTEM RESET1  
The computer has rebooted.  
ANALOG CAL WARNING The A/D or at least one D/A channel have not been calibrated.  
BOX TEMP WARNING  
CANNOT DYN SPAN2  
CANNOT DYN ZERO3  
CONFIG INITIALIZED  
DATA INITIALIZED  
The temperature inside the 9110T chassis is outside the specified limits.  
Contact closure span calibration failed while DYN_SPAN was set to ON.  
Contact closure zero calibration failed while DYN_ZERO was set to ON.  
Configuration storage was reset to factory configuration or erased.  
DAS data storage was erased before the last power up occurred.  
OZONE FLOW WARNING Ozone gas flow is too high or too low for accurate NOx, NO and NO2 readings.  
Ozone generator is off.  
This is the only warning message that automatically clears itself.  
OZONE GEN OFF 4  
It clears itself when the ozone generator is turned on.  
Upon power up the Ozone generator will remain off for 30 minutes. This allows the perma-  
pure dryer to reach its working dew point.  
RCELL PRESS WARN  
Reaction cell pressure is too high or too low for accurate NOx, NO and NO2 readings.  
RCELL TEMP WARNING Reaction cell temperature is too high or too low for accurate NOx, NO and NO2 readings.  
IZS TEMP WARNING 5  
CONV TEMP WARNING  
PMT TEMP WARNING  
IZS temperature is too high or too low for efficient O3 production.  
NO2 to NO Converter temperature too high or too low to efficiently convert NO2 to NO.  
PMT temperature outside of warning limits specified by PMT_SET variable.  
AZERO WARN [XXXX]  
AutoZero reading too high. The value shown in message indicates auto-zero reading at  
time warning was displayed.  
MV  
HVPS WARNING  
High voltage power supply output is too high or too low for proper operation of the PMT.  
CPU unable to communicate with motherboard..  
REAR BOARD NOT DET  
RELAY BOARD WARN  
SAMPLE FLOW WARN  
CPU is unable to communicate with the relay PCA.  
The flow rate of the sample gas is outside the specified limits.  
1
Clears 45 minutes after power up.  
2
3
4
5
Clears the next time successful zero calibration is performed.  
Clears the next time successful span calibration is performed.  
Clears 30 minutes after power up.  
Only Appears if the IZS option is installed.  
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3.4.3. FUNCTIONAL CHECKS  
After the analyzer’s components have warmed up for at least 60 minutes, verify that the software  
properly supports any hardware options that are installed.  
For information on navigating through the analyzer’s software menus, see the menu trees described in  
Appendix A.1.  
Check to ensure that the analyzer is functioning within allowable operating parameters.  
Appendix C includes a list of test functions viewable from the analyzer’s front panel as well as their  
expected values.  
These functions are also useful tools for diagnosing problems with your analyzer.  
The enclosed Final Test and Validation Data sheet (P/N 04409) lists these values before the  
instrument left the factory.  
To view the current values of these parameters press the following button sequence on the analyzer’s  
front panel. Remember until the unit has completed its warm up these parameters may not have  
stabilized.  
3.4.4. INITIAL CALIBRATION  
To perform the following calibration you must have sources for zero air and calibration (span) gas  
available for input into the inlet/outlet fittings on the back of the analyzer (see Section 3.3.2.1).  
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Getting Started  
Note  
A start-up period of 4-5 hours is recommended prior to performing a  
calibration on the analyzer.  
The method for performing an initial calibration for the 9110T nitrogen oxides analyzer differs slightly  
depending on the whether or not any of the available internal zero air or valve options are installed.  
See Section 3.4.4.2 for instructions for initial calibration of the 9110T analyzers in their base  
configuration.  
See Section 9.3 for instructions for initial calibration of 9110T analyzers possessing an optional  
Internal Span Gas Generator (OPT 51A).  
See Section 9.4 for information regarding setup and calibration of 9110T analyzers with Z/S Valve  
options.  
If you are using the 9110T analyzer for EPA monitoring, only the calibration method described in  
Section 10 should be used.  
3.4.4.1. INTERFERENTS FOR NOX, NO AND NO2 MEASUREMENTS  
The chemiluminescence method for detecting NOX is subject to interference from a number of sources  
including water vapor (H2O), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) but the  
9110T has been designed to reject most of these interferences.  
Ammonia is the most common interferent, which is converted to NO in the analyzer’s NO2 converter  
and creates a NOX signal artifact.  
If the 9110T is installed in an environment with high ammonia, steps should be taken to  
remove the interferent from the sample gas before it enters the reaction cell.  
TAI offers a sample gas conditioning option to remove ammonia and water vapor (Section  
3.3.2.6).  
Carbon dioxide (CO2) diminishes the NOX signal when present in high concentrations.  
If the analyzer is used in an application with excess CO2, contact TAI's Customer Service  
Department (see Section 12.10) for possible solutions.  
Excess water vapor can be removed with one of the dryer options described in Section 3.3.2.6. In  
ambient air applications, SO2 interference is usually negligible.  
For more detailed information regarding interferents for NOx, NO and NO2 measurement, see Section  
13.1.5.  
3.4.4.2. Initial Calibration Procedure for 9110T Analyzers without Options  
The following procedure assumes that:  
The instrument DOES NOT have any of the available calibration valve or gas inlet options installed;  
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Cal gas will be supplied through the SAMPLE gas inlet on the back of the analyzer and;  
The pneumatic setup matches that described in Section 3.3.2.  
VERIFYING THE REPORTING RANGE SETTINGS  
While it is possible to perform the following procedure with any range setting we recommend that you  
perform this initial checkout using following reporting range settings:  
Unit of Measure: PPB  
Reporting Range: 500 ppb  
Mode Setting: SNGL  
While these are the default setting for the 9110T analyzer, it is recommended that you verify them before  
proceeding with the calibration procedure, by pressing the following menu button sequence:  
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VERIFYING THE EXPECTED NOX AND NO SPAN GAS CONCENTRATION  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Verify the PRECISE Concentration Value of the SPAN gases  
independently.  
If you supply NO gas to the analyzer, the values for expected NO and  
NOx MUST be identical.  
The NOx and NO span concentration values automatically defaults to 400.0 PPB and it is recommended  
that calibration gases of that concentration be used for the initial calibration of the unit.  
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To verify that the analyzer span setting is set for 400 PPB, press:  
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INITIAL ZERO/SPAN CALIBRATION PROCEDURE  
To perform an initial Calibration of the 9110T nitrogen oxides analyzer, press:  
The 9110T Analyzer is now ready for operation.  
Once you have completed the above set-up procedures, please fill out  
the Quality Questionnaire that was shipped with your unit and return it  
Note  
to Teledyne. This information is vital to our efforts in continuously  
improving our service and our products. THANK YOU.  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Part II  
PART II  
–
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS  
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Overview of Operating Modes  
4. OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES  
To assist in navigating the analyzer’s software, a series of menu trees is available for reference in  
Appendix A of this manual.  
Note  
Some control buttons on the touch screen do not appear if they are not  
applicable to the menu that you’re in, the task that you are performing, the  
command you are attempting to send, or to incorrect settings input by the  
user. For example, the ENTR button may disappear if you input a setting  
that is invalid or out of the allowable range for that parameter, such as  
trying to set the 24-hour clock to 25:00:00. Once you adjust the setting to  
an allowable value, the ENTR button will re-appear.  
The 9110T analyzer software has a variety of operating modes. The most common mode that the  
analyzer will be operating in is the SAMPLE mode. In this mode, a continuous read-out of the NOx  
concentrations can be viewed on the front panel and output as an analog voltage from rear panel  
terminals.  
The second most important operating mode is SETUP mode. This mode is used for  
configuring the various sub systems of the analyzer such as for the DAS system, the reporting ranges,  
or the serial (RS-232 / RS-485 / Ethernet) communication channels. The SETUP mode is also used for  
performing various diagnostic tests during troubleshooting.  
Figure 4-1:  
Front Panel Display  
The mode field of the front panel display indicates to the user which operating mode the unit is currently  
running.  
In addition to SAMPLE and SETUP, other modes the analyzer can be operated in are described in Table  
7-1 below.  
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Overview of Operating Modes  
Table 4-1: Analyzer Operating Modes  
MODE  
EXPLANATION  
DIAG  
One of the analyzer’s diagnostic modes is active.  
LO CAL A  
Unit is performing LOW SPAN (midpoint) calibration initiated automatically by the analyzer’s  
AUTOCAL feature  
LO CAL R  
Unit is performing LOW SPAN (midpoint) calibration initiated remotely through the COM ports or  
digital control inputs.  
M-P CAL  
SAMPLE  
This is the basic calibration mode of the instrument and is activated by pressing the CAL button.  
Sampling normally, flashing text indicates adaptive filter is on.  
SAMPLE A  
SETUP X.#2  
Indicates that unit is in SAMPLE mode and AUTOCAL feature is activated.  
SETUP mode is being used to configure the analyzer. The gas measurement will continue during  
setup.  
SPAN CAL A1  
SPAN CAL M1  
SPAN CAL R1  
Unit is performing SPAN calibration initiated automatically by the analyzer’s AUTOCAL feature  
Unit is performing SPAN calibration initiated manually by the user.  
Unit is performing SPAN calibration initiated remotely through the COM ports or digital control  
inputs.  
ZERO CAL A1  
ZERO CAL M1  
ZERO CAL R1  
Unit is performing ZERO calibration procedure initiated automatically by the AUTOCAL feature  
Unit is performing ZERO calibration procedure initiated manually by the user.  
Unit is performing ZERO calibration procedure initiated remotely through the COM ports or digital  
control inputs.  
1 Only Appears on units with Z/S valve or IZS options.  
2 The revision of the analyzer firmware is displayed following the word SETUP, e.g., SETUP G.3.  
4.1. SAMPLE MODE  
This is the analyzer’s standard operating mode. In this mode, the instrument is a calculating  
NOx, NO and NO2 concentrations. These values are displayed in the CONC field of the analyzer's front  
panel display. While the instrument is in SAMPLE mode, this field provides a readout of all the gas  
concentrations being measured by the 9110T: NOx, NO and NO2.  
When the analyzer is in sample mode the PARAM field will display warning messages and test  
functions that give the user information about the operational status of the analyzer.  
4.1.1. TEST FUNCTIONS  
A variety of TEST functions are available for viewing at the front panel whenever the analyzer is at the  
MAIN MENU. These functions provide information about the various functional parameters related to  
the analyzer’s operation and its measurement of gas concentrations. This information is particularly  
when troubleshooting a performance problem with the 9110T (see Section 13). Figure 4-2 will display  
the Test Functions on the front panel screen. Table 4-2 lists the available TEST functions.  
Table 4-2: Test Functions Defined  
DISPLAY  
PARAMETER  
UNITS  
DESCRIPTION  
The Full Scale limit at which the reporting range of the analyzer’s ANALOG  
OUTPUTS is currently set.  
PPB,  
PPM,  
UGM  
&
RANGE  
RANGE  
THIS IS NOT the Physical Range of the instrument. See Section 5.4.1 for  
more information.  
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Overview of Operating Modes  
DESCRIPTION  
DISPLAY  
PARAMETER  
UNITS  
MGM  
If AUTO Range mode has been selected, two RANGE functions will  
appear, one for each range:  
RANGE1  
RANGE2  
RANGE1: The range setting for all analog outputs.  
RANGE2: The HIGH range setting for all analog outputs.  
If the IND Range mode has been selected, three RANGE functions will  
appear, one for each range:  
RANGE1  
RANGE2  
RANGE3  
RANGE1: NOx concentration output un A1.  
RANGE2: NO concentration output un A2.  
RANGE2: NO2 concentration output un A3.  
The standard deviation of concentration readings of the selected gas.  
NOX STB  
STABILITY  
PPB  
Data points are recorded every ten seconds. The calculation uses the  
last 25 data points.  
Gas flow rate of the sample gas into the reaction cell.  
Gas flow rate of O3 gas into the reaction cell.  
The raw signal output of the PMT.  
SAMP FLW  
OZONE FL  
PMT  
SAMPFLOW  
OZONEFLOW  
PMT  
CC/M  
CC/M  
MV  
The signal output of the PMT after is has been normalized for temperature,  
pressure, auto-zero offset, but not range.  
NORM PMT  
NORMPMT  
MV  
The PMT signal with zero NOX, which is usually slightly different from 0 V.  
This offset is subtracted from the PMT signal and adjusts for variations in  
the zero signal.  
AZERO  
AUTOZERO  
MV  
The output power level of the high voltage power supply.  
The temperature of the gas inside the reaction cell temperature.  
The temperature inside the analyzer chassis.  
HVPS  
HVPS  
V
C
C
C
C
C
RCELL TEMP  
BOX TEMP  
PMT TEMP  
IZS TEMP1  
MOLY TEMP  
RCELLTEMP  
BOXTEMP  
PMTTEMP  
IZSTEMP  
The temperature of the PMT .  
The temperature of the internal span gas generator's permeation tube.  
The temperature of the analyzer's NO2 NO converter.  
CONVTEMP  
The current pressure of the sample gas in the reaction cell as measured at  
the vacuum manifold.  
RCEL  
RCELLPRESS  
SAMPPRESS  
IN-HG-A  
IN-HG-A  
The current pressure of the sample gas as it enters the reaction cell,  
measured between the NO/NOx and Auto-Zero valves.  
SAMP  
The slope calculated during the most recent NOx zero/span calibration.  
The offset calculated during the most recent NOx zero/span calibration.  
The slope calculated during the most recent NO zero/span calibration.  
The offset calculated during the most recent NO zero/span calibration.  
NOX SLOPE  
NOX OFFS  
NO SLOPE  
NO OFFS  
NOXSLOPE  
NOXOFFSET  
NOSLOPE  
MV  
NOOFFSET  
MV  
MV  
Displays the signal level of the Test Function that is currently being  
produced by the Analog Output Channel A4.  
TEST  
TESTCHAN  
The current time. This is used to create a time stamp on DAS readings,  
and by the AutoCal feature to trigger calibration events.  
TIME  
CLOCKTIME  
HH:MM:SS  
1Only appears if Internal Span Gas Generator option is installed.  
To view these TEST functions, press,  
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Model 9110T NOx Analyzer  
Overview of Operating Modes  
Figure 4-2:  
Viewing 9110T Test Functions  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
A value of “XXXX” displayed for any of the TEST functions indicates an  
out-of-range reading or the analyzer’s inability to calculate it. All  
pressure measurements are represented in terms of absolute pressure.  
Absolute, atmospheric pressure is 29.92 in-Hg-A at sea level. It  
decreases about 1 in-Hg per 300 m gain in altitude. A variety of factors  
such as air conditioning and passing storms can cause changes in the  
absolute atmospheric pressure.  
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Overview of Operating Modes  
4.1.2. WARNING MESSAGES  
The most common and serious instrument failures will activate Warning Messages that are displayed on  
the analyzer’s Front Panel. They are listed on Table 4-3 as follows:  
Table 4-3: Warning Messages Defined  
MESSAGE  
ANALOG CAL WARNING  
AZERO WARN  
MEANING  
The A/D or at least one D/A channel has not been calibrated.  
Auto-zero reading above limit specified by AZERO_LIMIT variable. Value shown  
in message indicates auto-zero reading at time warning was displayed.  
BOX TEMP WARNING  
CANNOT DYN SPAN  
CANNOT DYN ZERO  
CONFIG INITIALIZED  
CONV TEMP WARNING  
The temperature inside the 9110T chassis is outside the specified limits.  
Contact closure span calibration failed while DYN_SPAN was set to ON.  
Contact closure zero calibration failed while DYN_ZERO was set to ON.  
Configuration storage was reset to factory configuration or erased.  
NO2 NO converter temperature outside of warning limits specified by  
CONV_SET variable.  
DATA INITIALIZED  
HVPS WARNING  
DAS data storage was erased before the last power up occurred.  
High voltage power supply output outside of warning limits specified by  
HVPS_SET variable.  
IZS TEMP WARNING 1  
OZONE FLOW WARNING  
OZONE GEN OFF  
IZS temperature outside of warning limits specified by IZS_SET variable.  
Ozone flow outside of warning limits specified by OFLOW_SET variable.  
Ozone generator is off. This warning message clears itself when the ozone  
generator is turned on.  
PMT temperature outside of warning limits specified by PMT_SET variable.  
PMT TEMP WARNING  
RCELL PRESS WARN  
Reaction cell pressure outside of warning limits specified by  
RCELL_PRESS_SET variable.  
Reaction cell temperature outside of warning limits specified by RCELL_SET  
variable.  
RCELL TEMP WARNING  
REAR BOARD NOT DET  
RELAY BOARD WARN  
SAMPLE FLOW WARN  
SYSTEM RESET  
Motherboard was not detected during power up.  
CPU is unable to communicate with the relay PCA.  
The flow rate of the sample gas is outside the specified limits.  
The computer has rebooted.  
1
Only Appears if the Internal Span Gas Generator option is installed.  
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Overview of Operating Modes  
4.2. CALIBRATION MODE  
Pressing the CAL button, switches the analyzer into calibration mode. In this mode the user can, in  
conjunction with introducing zero or span gases of known concentrations into the analyzer, cause it to  
adjust and recalculate the slope (gain) and offset of the its measurement range. This mode is also used to  
check the current calibration status of the instrument.  
If the instrument includes one of the available zero/span valve options, the SAMPLE mode display will  
also include CALZ and CALS buttons. Pressing either of these buttons also puts the instrument into  
calibration mode.  
The CALZ button is used to initiate a calibration of the analyzer’s zero point using internally  
generated zero air.  
The CALS button is used to calibrate the span point of the analyzer’s current reporting range using  
span gas.  
Note  
It is recommended that this span calibration be performed at 80% of full  
scale of the analyzer’s currently selected reporting range.  
EXAMPLES:  
If the reporting range is set for 0 to 500 ppb, an appropriate span point  
would be 400 ppb.  
If the of the reporting range is set for 0 to 1000 ppb, an appropriate span  
point would be 800 ppb.  
Due to the critical importance and complexity, calibration operations are described in detail in other  
sections of the manual:  
Section 9 details setting up and performing standard calibration operations or checks.  
Section 10 details setting up and performing EPA protocol calibrations.  
For information on using the automatic calibrations feature (ACAL) in conjunction with the one of the  
calibration valve options, see Sections 9.4.3 and 9.5.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
To avoid inadvertent adjustments to critical settings, activate calibration  
security by enabling password protection in the SETUP – PASS menu  
(Section 5.5).  
4.3. SETUP MODE  
The SETUP Mode contains a variety of choices that are used to configure the analyzer’s hardware and  
software features, perform diagnostic procedures, gather information on the instruments performance and  
configure or access data from the internal data acquisition system (DAS). For a visual representation of  
the software menu trees, refer to Appendix A.  
SETUP Mode is divided between Primary and Secondary Setup menus and can be protected through  
password security.  
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Overview of Operating Modes  
4.3.1. PASSWORD SECURITY  
SETUP Mode can be protected by password security through the SETUP>PASS menu (Section 5.5) to  
prevent unauthorized or inadvertent configuration adjustments.  
4.3.2. PRIMARY SETUP MENU  
The areas accessed and configured under the primary SETUP Mode menu are shown in Table 4-4.  
Table 4-4: Primary Setup Mode Features and Functions  
CONTROL  
BUTTON  
LABEL  
MANUAL  
SECTION  
MODE OR FEATURE  
Analyzer Configuration  
Auto Cal Feature  
DESCRIPTION  
CFG  
Lists button hardware and software configuration information.  
5.1  
Used to set up and operate the AutoCal feature.  
ACAL  
5.2, 9.5  
Only appears if the analyzer has one of the calibration valve  
options installed.  
Internal Data Acquisition  
(DAS)  
DAS  
Used to set up the DAS system and view recorded data.  
7
Analog Output Reporting  
Range Configuration  
Used to configure the output signals generated by the  
instruments analog outputs.  
RNGE  
5.4  
Calibration Password Security  
Internal Clock Configuration  
PASS  
CLK  
Turns the calibration password feature ON/OFF.  
Used to set or adjust the instrument’s internal clock.  
5.5  
5.6  
Secondary SETUP Mode  
(Advanced SETUP features)  
See  
Table 4-5  
MORE  
This button accesses the instruments secondary setup menu.  
4.3.3. SECONDARY SETUP MENU (SETUP MORE)  
The areas accessed and configured under the secondary SETUP Mode menu are shown in Table 4-5.  
Table 4-5: Secondary Setup Mode Features and Functions  
CONTROL  
BUTTON  
LABEL  
MANUAL  
SECTION  
MODE OR FEATURE  
DESCRIPTION  
Used to set up and operate the analyzer’s various external I/O  
channels including RS-232; RS-485, modem communication  
and/or Ethernet access.  
External Communication  
Channel Configuration  
COMM  
VARS  
8
Used to view various variables related to the instruments  
current operational status.  
Changes made to any variable are not acknowledged and  
recorded in the instrument’s memory until the ENTR button  
is pressed.  
System Status Variables  
5.8  
Pressing the EXIT button ignores the new setting.  
If the EXIT button is pressed before the ENTR button, the  
analyzer will beep alerting the user that the newly entered  
value has been lost.  
Used to access a variety of functions that are used to configure,  
test or diagnose problems with a variety of the analyzer’s basic  
systems.  
System Diagnostic Features  
and  
DIAG  
5.9, 5.9.2  
Analog Output Configuration  
Most notably, the menus used to configure the output signals  
generated by the instruments’ analog outputs are located here.  
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Overview of Operating Modes  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Any changes made to a variable during the SETUP procedures are not  
acknowledged by the instrument until the ENTR button is pressed. If the  
EXIT button is pressed before the ENTR button, the analyzer will make an  
audible signal before exiting the menu, alerting the user that the newly  
entered value had not been accepted.  
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Setup Menu  
5. SETUP MENU  
The SETUP Mode menu is used to set instrument parameters for performing configuration, calibration,  
reporting and diagnostics operations according to user needs.  
5.1. SETUP CFG: CONFIGURATION INFORMATION  
Pressing the CFG button displays the instrument configuration information. This display lists the  
analyzer model, serial number, firmware revision, software library revision, CPU type and other  
information. Use this information to identify the software and hardware when contacting customer  
service. Special instrument or software features or installed options may also be listed here.  
5.2. SETUP ACAL: AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION OPTION  
The menu button for this option appears only when the instrument has the zero span and/or IZS options.  
See Section 9.5 for details.  
5.3. SETUP DAS: INTERNAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM  
Use the SETUP>DAS menu to capture and record data. Refer to Section 7 for configuration and  
operation details.  
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Setup Menu  
5.4. SETUP RNGE: ANALOG OUTPUT REPORTING RANGE  
CONFIGURATION  
Use the SETUP>RNGE menu to configure output reporting ranges, including scaled reporting ranges to  
handle data resolution challenges. This section describes configuration for Single, Dual, and Auto Range  
modes.  
5.4.1. 9110T PHYSICAL RANGES  
The 9110T NOx analyzer measures NOx, NO and NO2 concentrations from 2 to 20,000 ppb.  
Electronically the 9110T analyzer converts the 0-5 volt analog signal output by the PMT into a digital  
signal with 4096 counts of resolution. Since its measurement range is 0 ppb to 20,000 ppb, this only  
allows about 3 ppb per count. While this might be acceptable for high concentration measurements  
made in parts per million units (ppm), it is not good enough for lower level NOx measurements. To  
overcome this limitation the 9110T is designed with two physical measurement ranges:  
A LOW range that measures concentration from 0 ppb to 2,000 ppb with a resolution of 0.27 ppb per  
count.  
A HIGH range that measures the full 20,000 ppb range of the analyzer.  
The analyzer’s CPU chooses the appropriate range based on how the user sets up the reporting ranges for  
the instruments analog outputs when an analog range is selected with a lower limit between 0 and 2000  
ppb the analyzer will utilize its low physical range. When an analog range is in use that has a reporting  
range with an upper limit set between 2001 and 20,000 ppb the instrument will operate in its high  
physical range.  
Once both ranges have been using the same span gas values the analyzer’s front panel will accurately  
report concentrations between 0 and 20,000 ppb, seamlessly switching between the low and high  
physical ranges regardless of the selected analog reporting range.  
5.4.2. 9110T ANALOG OUTPUT REPORTING RANGES  
For applications using chart recorders or other analog recording devices, the 9110T's 20,000 ppb  
physical range can cause resolution problems. For example, in an application where the expected  
concentrations of NO, NO2 and NOx are typically less than 500 ppb, the full scale of expected values is  
only 2.5% of the instrument’s 20,000 ppb physical range. The corresponding output signal would then  
only be recorded across 2.5% of the range of the recording device.  
The 9110T solves this problem by allowing the user to select a reporting range for the analog outputs  
that only includes that portion of the physical range that covers the specific application. This increases  
the reliability and accuracy of the analyzer by avoiding additional gain-amplification circuitry.  
Note  
Only the reporting range of the analog outputs is scaled.  
Both the DAS values stored in the CPU’s memory and the concentration  
values reported on the front panel are unaffected by the settings chosen  
for the reporting range(s) of the instrument.  
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Model 9110TH NOx Analyzer  
Setup Menu  
5.4.2.1. Analog Output Ranges for NOx, NO and NO2 Concentration  
The analyzer has three active analog output signals related to NOx, NO and NO2 concentration,  
accessible through a connector on the rear panel.  
ANALOG OUT  
NOx Concentration  
NO Concentration  
NO2 Concentration  
Test Channel  
or O2 concentration  
(if optional O2 sensor  
is installed)  
A1  
A2  
A3  
A4  
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
Figure 5-1:  
Analog Output Connector Pin Out  
The A1, A2 and A3 channels output a signal that is proportional to the NOx, NO and NO2 concentrations  
of the sample gas, respectively. The 9110T can be set so that these outputs operate in one of the three  
following modes: single range mode, independent range mode, or automatic range mode (Section 5.4.3).  
Additionally, the signal levels of outputs A1, A2 and A3 outputs can be:  
Configured full scale outputs of: 0 - 0.1 VDC; 0 – 1 VDC; 0 – 5 VDC or; 0 – 10 VDC.  
Equipped with optional 0-20 mADC current loop drivers (see Section 3.3.1.4 ) and configured for any  
current output within that range analog output (e.g. 0-20 mA, 2-20 mA, 4-20 mA, etc.).  
Together these two set of parameters allow the user a great deal of flexibility in how the instrument  
reports NOx , NO and NO2 concentration to external devices. For example, Using the IND mode the  
following configuration could be created:  
A1 OUTPUT: NOx Output Signal = 4 – 20 mA representing 0-1000 ppb concentration values  
A2 OUTPUT: NO Output Signal = 0 – 10 VDC representing 0-500 ppb concentration values.  
A3 OUTPUT: NO2 Output Signal = 0 – 5 VDC representing 0-500 ppb concentration values.  
The user may also add a signal offset independently to each output (see Section 5.9.3.9) to match the  
electronic input requirements of the recorder or data logger to which the output is connected.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
The instrument does not remember upper range limits settings associated  
with the individual modes. Changes made to the range limits (e.g. 400 ppb  
600 ppb) when in one particular mode will alter the range limit settings  
for the other modes.  
When switching between reporting range modes, ALWAYS check and  
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Setup Menu  
reset the upper range limits for the new mode selection..  
5.4.2.2. Analog Output Reporting Range Default Settings  
The default setting for these the reporting ranges of the analog output channels A1, A2 and A3 are:  
SNGL mode  
0 to 500.0 ppb  
0 to 5 VDC  
5.4.3. SETUP RNGE MODE  
Single range mode (SNGL) reports all three of the NOx gas concentrations using the same reporting  
range span (see Section 5.4.3.1).  
Independent range mode (IND) allows the NOx, NO and NO2 analog outputs to be set with different  
reporting range spans (see Section 5.4.3.2).  
Automatic range mode (AUTO) allows the analyzer to automatically switch the reporting range between  
two user upper span limits (designated LOW and HIGH) based on the actual concentrations being  
measured for each (see Section 5.4.3.3). These are not the same as the analyzer’s low and high physical  
ranges.  
5.4.3.1. SETUP RNGE MODE SNGL: Configuring the 9110T Analyzer for Single  
Range Mode  
Note  
When the single range mode is selected (SNGL), all analog NOx, NO and NO2 concentration outputs  
(A1, A2 and A3) are slaved together and set to the same reporting range limits (e.g. 500.0 ppb). This  
reporting range can be set to any value between 100 ppb and 20,000 ppb.  
Although all three NOx outputs share the same concentration reporting range, the electronic signal ranges  
of the analog outputs may still be configured for different values (e.g. 0-5 VDC, 0-10 VDC, etc; see  
Section 5.9.3.1).  
To select SNGL range mode and to set the upper limit of the range, press:  
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Setup Menu  
5.4.3.2. SETUP RNGE MODE IND: Configuring the 9110T Analyzer for  
Independent Range Mode  
The independent range mode (IND) assigns the three NOx, NO and NO2 concentrations to individual  
analog output channels. In IND range mode the RANGE test function displayed on the front panel will  
then be replaced by three separate functions:  
Table 5-1:  
IND Mode Analog Output Assignments  
TEST  
FUNCTION  
CONCENTRATION  
REPORTED  
ANALOG OUTPUT  
CHANNEL  
RANGE1  
RANGE2  
RANGE3  
NOx  
NO  
A1  
A2  
A3  
NO2  
Each can be configured with a different reporting range upper limit and analog signal span:  
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Setup Menu  
EXAMPLE:  
NOx Concentration – RANGE1 Set for 0-800 ppb & output A1 set for 0-10 VDC  
NO Concentration – RANGE2 Set for 0-200 ppb & output A2 set for 0-5 VDC  
NO2 Concentration – RANGE3 Set for 0-400 ppb & output A3 set for 0-5 VDC  
Setting analog range limits to different values does not affect the instrument’s calibration.  
To select the IND range mode, press the following buttons:  
SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPM  
NOX= XXXX  
SETUP  
<TST TST> CAL  
Concentration field  
displays all gases.  
SETUP X.X  
PRIMARY SETUP MENU  
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
RANGE MODE MENU  
MODE SET UNIT DIL  
SETUP X.X  
RANGE MODE:SNGL  
SNGL IND AUTO  
ENTR EXIT  
ENTR EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
RANGE MODE:IND  
SNGL IND AUTO  
SETUP X.X  
RANGE MODE MENU  
MODE SET UNIT DIL  
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Setup Menu  
To set the upper range limit for each independent reporting range, press:  
.
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Setup Menu  
5.4.3.3. SETUP RNGE MODE AUTO: Configuring the 9110T Analyzer for Auto  
Range Mode  
In AUTO range mode, the analyzer automatically switches the reporting range between two  
user-defined ranges (LOW and HIGH). The same low and high span settings are applied equally to  
NO, NO2 and NOX readings.  
The unit will switch from LOW range to HIGH range when either the NO, or NOX concentration  
exceeds 98% of the low range span.  
The unit will return from HIGH range back to LOW range once both the NO and NOX concentrations  
fall below 75% of the low range span.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
The LOW & HIGH ranges referred to here are NOT the same as the low &  
high physical ranges referred to in Section 5.4.1.  
Also the RANGE test function displayed on the front panel will be replaced by two separate functions:  
RANGE1: The LOW range setting for all analog outputs.  
RANGE2: The HIGH range setting for all analog outputs.  
The LOW/HIGH range status is also reported through the external, digital status bits (Section 3.3.1.4).  
To set individual ranges press the following menu sequence.  
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Setup Menu  
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5.4.3.4. SETUP RNGE UNIT: Setting the Reporting Range Units of Measure  
The 9110T can display and report concentrations in ppb, ppm, ug/m3, mg/m3 units. Changing units  
affects all of the COMM port values, and all of the display values for all reporting ranges. To change the  
units of measure press:  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Concentrations displayed in mg/m3 and ug/m3 use 0C@ 760 mmHg for  
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP).  
Consult your local regulations for the STP used by your agency.  
(Example: US EPA uses 25C as the reference temperature).  
Once the Units of Measurement have been changed from volumetric (ppb  
or ppm) to mass units (ug/m3 or mg/m3) the analyzer MUST be  
recalibrated, as the “expected span values” previously in effect will no  
longer be valid.  
Simply entering new expected span values without running the entire  
calibration routine is not sufficient. This will also counteract any  
discrepancies between STP definitions.  
5.4.3.5. SETUP RNGE DIL: Using the Optional Dilution Ratio Feature  
The dilution ratio feature is a software utility option designed for applications where the sample gas is  
diluted before being analyzed by the 9110T. Typically this occurs in continuous emission monitoring  
(CEM) applications where the quality of gas in a smoke stack is being tested and the sampling method  
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Setup Menu  
used to remove the gas from the stack dilutes the gas. Once the degree of dilution is known, this feature  
allows the user to add an appropriate scaling factor to the analyzer’s NO, NO2 and NOx concentration  
calculations so that the measurement range and concentration values displayed on the instrument’s front  
panel display and reported via the instruments various outputs reflect the undiluted values.  
Using the Dilution Ratio option is a 4-step process:  
1. Select the appropriate units of measure (see Section 5.4.3.4).  
2. Select the reporting range mode and set the reporting range upper limit (see  
Section 5.4.2).  
Ensure that the upper span limit entered for the reporting range is the maximum expected  
concentration of the UNDILUTED gas.  
3. Set the dilution factor as a gain (e.g., a value of 20 means 20 parts diluent and 1  
part of sample gas):  
1. Calibrate the analyzer.  
Ensure that the calibration span gas is either supplied through the same dilution system as  
the sample gas or has an appropriately lower actual concentration.  
EXAMPLE: If the reporting range limit is set for 100 ppm and the dilution ratio of the sample gas is 20  
gain, either:  
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a span gas with the concentration of 100 ppm can be used if the span gas passes through  
the same dilution steps as the sample gas, or;  
a 5 ppm span gas must be used if the span gas IS NOT routed through the dilution system.  
5.5. SETUP PASS: PASSWORD PROTECTION  
The 9110T provides password protection of the calibration and setup functions to prevent unauthorized  
adjustments. When the passwords have been enabled in the PASS menu item, the system will prompt  
the user for a password anytime a password-protected function (e.g., SETUP) is selected. This allows  
normal operation of the instrument, but requires the password (101) to access to the menus under  
SETUP. When PASSWORD is disabled (SETUP>OFF), any operator can enter the Primary Setup  
(SETUP) and Secondary Setup (SETUP>MORE) menus. Whether PASSWORD is enabled or disabled,  
a password (default 818) is required to enter the VARS or DIAG menus in the SETUP>MORE menu.  
There are three levels of password protection, which correspond to operator, maintenance and  
configuration functions. Each level allows access to all of the functions in the previous level.  
Table 5-2: Password Levels  
PASSWORD  
Null (000)  
101  
LEVEL  
MENU ACCESS ALLOWED  
Operation  
All functions of the MAIN menu: TEST, GEN, initiate SEQ , MSG, CLR  
Configuration/Maintenance Access to Primary Setup and Secondary SETUP Menus when PASSWORD is  
enabled.  
818  
Configuration/Maintenance Access to Secondary SETUP Submenus VARS and DIAG whether PASSWORD  
is enabled or disabled.  
To enable passwords, press:  
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Example: If all passwords are enabled, the following touchscreen control sequence would be required to  
enter the VARS or DIAG submenus:  
Note  
The instrument still prompts for a password when entering the VARS and  
DIAG menus, even if passwords are disabled, but it displays the default  
password (818) upon entering these menus. In this case, the user only  
has to press ENTR to access the password-protected menus.  
In order to disable the PASSWORD feature after it has been turned ON, the SETUP menu first requires a  
password; once the password has been input and the ENTR button pressed, the PRIMARY SETUP  
MENU appears, and now the PASS menu can be accessed, where pressing the ON button turns  
PASSWORD ENABLE back to OFF, and pressing the ENTR button accepts the change (Table 5-2).  
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5.6. SETUP CLK: SETTING THE INTERNAL TIME-OF-DAY  
CLOCK  
The 9110T has an internal clock for setting the time and day; it’s speed can be adjusted to compensate  
for faster or slower CPU clocks. Press SETUP>CLK to access the clock.  
5.6.1. SETTING THE TIME OF DAY  
The time-of-day feature of the internal clock supports the DURATION step of the automatic calibration  
(ACAL) sequence feature, has a built-in clock for the AutoCal timer, for the time TEST function, and  
for time stamps on COM port messages and on DAS data entries.  
To set the clock’s time and date, press:  
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5.6.2. ADJUSTING THE INTERNAL CLOCK’S SPEED  
In order to compensate for CPU clocks that run fast or slow, you can adjust a variable called  
CLOCK_ADJ to speed up or slow down the clock by a fixed amount every day.  
The CLOCK_ADJ variable is accessed via the VARS submenu: To change the value of this variable,  
press:  
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5.7. SETUP COMM: COMMUNICATIONS PORTS  
This section introduces the communications setup menu; Section 6 provides the setup instructions and  
operation information. Press SETUP>ENTR>MORE>COMM to arrive at the communications menu.  
Figure 5-2.  
SETUP – COMM Menu  
5.7.1. ID (MACHINE IDENTIFICATION)  
In the SETUP>MORE>COMM menu press ID to display and/or change the Machine ID, which must be  
changed to a unique identifier (number) when more than one instrument of the same model is used:  
in an RS-232 multidrop configuration (Sections 3.3.1.8)  
on the same Ethernet LAN (Section 6.5)  
when applying MODBUS protocol (Section 6.7.1)  
when applying Hessen protocol (Section 6.7.2)  
The default ID for the Model 9110T is 0200. Press any button(s) in the MACHINE ID menu (Figure 5-3)  
until the Machine ID in the Parameter field displays the desired identifier.  
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SETUP X.X  
COMMUNICATIONS MENU  
ID INET COM1 COM2  
EXIT  
Toggle to cycle  
through the available  
character set: 0-9  
ENTR accepts the new  
SETUP X.  
MACHINE ID: 200 ID  
settings  
EXIT ignores the new  
0
2
0
0
ENTR EXIT  
settings  
Figure 5-3.  
COMM– Machine ID  
The ID can be any unique 4-digit number and can also be used to identify analyzers in any number of  
ways (e.g. location numbers, company asset number, etc.)  
5.7.2. INET (ETHERNET)  
Use SETUP>COMM>INET to configure Ethernet communications, whether manually or via DHCP.  
Please see Section 6.5.2 for configuration details.  
5.7.3. COM1[COM2] (MODE, BAUDE RATE AND TEST PORT)  
Use the SETUP>COMM>COM1[COM2] menus to:  
configure communication modes (Section 6.2.1)  
view/set the baud rate (Section 6.2.2)  
test the connections of the com ports (Section 6.2.3).  
Configuring COM1 or COM2 requires setting the DCE DTE switch on the rear panel. Section 6.1  
provides DCE DTE information.  
5.8. SETUP VARS: VARIABLES SETUP AND DEFINITION  
Through the SETUP>MORE>VARS menu there are several user-adjustable software variables that  
define certain operational parameters. Usually, these variables are automatically set by the instrument’s  
firmware, but can be manually re-defined using the VARS menu.  
Table 5-3 lists all variables that are available within the 818 password protected level. See Appendix A2  
for a detailed listing of all of the 9110T variables that are accessible through the remote interface.  
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Table 5-3: Variable Names (VARS)  
DESCRIPTION  
VARS  
DEFAULT  
VALUES  
ALLOWED  
VALUES  
NO.  
0
VARIABLE  
Changes the Internal Data Acquisition System (DAS)  
HOLDOFF timer:  
May be set for  
intervals  
between  
0.5 – 20 min  
No data is stored in the DAS channels during situations  
when the software considers the data to be questionable  
such as during warm up of just after the instrument returns  
from one of its calibration mode to SAMPLE Mode.  
DAS_HOLD_OFF  
MEASURE_MODE  
15 min.  
NO;  
NOx;  
Selects the gas measurement mode in which the  
instrument is to operate. NOx only, NO only or NOx and NO  
simultaneously.  
NOx–NO  
1
NOx–NO  
Selects which gas measurement is displayed when the  
STABIL test function is selected  
NO; NOx;  
NO2;  
STABIL_GAS  
TPC_ENABLE  
NOx  
2
3
Enables or disables the Temperature and Pressure  
Compensation (TPC) feature (Section 13.9.2).  
ON/OFF  
ON/OFF  
ON  
Dynamic zero automatically adjusts offset and slope of the  
NO and NOX response when performing a zero point  
calibration during an AutoCal (see Section 9.5).  
DYN_ZERO 1  
DYN_SPAN 1  
IZS_SET  
OFF  
OFF  
4
5
6
7
8
Dynamic span automatically adjusts the offsets and slopes  
of the NO and NOx response when performing a sp point  
calibration during an AutoCal (see Section 9.5).  
ON/OFF  
Sets the internal span gas generator’s permeation tube  
oven temperature. Changing this temperature will impact  
the NO2 permeation rate (Section 3.3.2.5).  
30C - 70C  
51C  
AUTO  
0 sec  
Allows the user to set the number of significant digits to the  
CONC_PRECISION right of the decimal point display of concentration and  
AUTO, 1, 2,  
3, 4  
stability values.  
Adjusts the speed of the analyzer’s clock. Choose the +  
sign if the clock is too slow, choose the - sign if the clock is  
too fast.  
-60 to +60  
s/day  
CLOCK_ADJ  
CAL_ON_NO2  
Allows turning ON and OFF the ability to span the analyzer  
with NO2, in which case the instrument acts as if NO and  
NOX are spanned, even though it is supplied with NO2.  
ON or OFF  
OFF  
9
The NO2 concentration is then zero by default.  
1
Use of the DYN_ZERO and DYN_SPAN features are not allowed for applications requiring EPA equivalency.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
There are more VARS available when using the password, 929, for  
configuration. Use caution when pressing any buttons while in this  
setup. Any changes made may alter the performance of the instrument  
or cause the instrument to not function properly. Note that if there is an  
accidental change to a setup parameter, press EXIT to discard the  
changes.  
Note  
There is a 2-sec latency period between when a VARS value is changed  
and the new value is stored into the analyzer’s memory. DO NOT turn  
the analyzer off during this period or the new setting will be lost.  
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To access and navigate the VARS menu, use the following button sequence:  
SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NOX= XXXX  
SETUP  
<TST TST> CAL  
Concentration field  
displays all gases.  
SETUP X.X  
PRIMARY SETUP MENU  
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
SECONDARY SETUP MENU  
In all cases:  
EXIT discards the new  
setting.  
COMM VARS DIAG  
EXIT  
ENTR accepts the  
SETUP X.X  
ENTER PASSWORD:818  
new setting.  
8
1
8
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle these  
buttons to enter  
the correct  
SETUP X.X  
0) DAS_HOLD_OFF=15.0 Minutes  
PASSWORD.  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
DAS_HOLD_OFF=15.0 Minutes  
.0 ENTR EXIT  
1
5
Toggle these buttons to set  
the DAS HOLDOFF time  
period in minutes  
(MAX = 20 minutes).  
SETUP X.X  
1) MEASURE_MODE=NOXNO  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
MEASURE_MODE=NOX-NO  
ENTR EXIT  
PREV NEXT  
Toggle these keys to  
choose the gas(es) for  
analyzer’s measurement  
mode.  
SETUP X.X  
2) STABIL_GAS=NOX  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
STABIL_GAS=NOX  
NO  
NO2 NOX O2  
ENTR EXIT  
Use these buttons to select  
which gas will be reported  
by the STABIL test  
function.  
SETUP X.X  
3) TPC_ENABLE  
(O2 is only available if the  
optional O2 sensor is  
installed)  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
TPC_ENABLE=OFF  
DYN_ZERO=OFF  
OFF  
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle this button to turn  
the Temperature /  
Pressure compensation  
feature  
SETUP X.X  
4) DYN_ZERO=OFF  
ON/OFF.  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
OFF  
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle this button to turn  
the Dynamic Zero  
calibration feature ON/  
OFF.  
SETUP X.X  
5) DYN_SPAN=OFF  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
DYN_SPAN=OFF  
OFF  
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle this button to turn  
the Dynamic Span  
calibration feature ON/  
OFF.  
DO NOT CHANGE  
these settings unless  
specifically instructed to by  
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SETUP X.X  
6) IZS_SET=50.0 DegC  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
personnel.  
SETUP X.X  
7) CONC_PRECISION=AUTO  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
CONC_PRECISION=AUTO  
ENTR EXIT  
AUTO  
1
2
3
4
Use these buttons to select  
the precision of the  
SETUP X.X  
8) CLOCK_ADJUST=0 Sec/Day  
concentration display.  
PREV  
JUMP  
EDIT ENTR EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
CLOCK_ADJUST=0 Sec/Day  
+
0
0
ENTR EXIT  
Enter sign and number of  
seconds per day the clock  
gains (-) or loses(+).  
SETUP X.X  
9) CAL_ON_NO2=OFF  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
SETUP X.X  
CAL_ON_NO2=OFF  
OFF  
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle this button to turn  
ON/OFF the analyzer’s  
ability to be calibrated  
using NO2 span gas.  
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5.9. SETUP DIAG: DIAGNOSTICS FUNCTIONS  
A series of diagnostic tools is grouped together under the SETUPMOREDIAG menu. The  
parameters are dependent on firmware revision (see Appendix A). These tools can be used in a variety  
of troubleshooting and diagnostic procedures and are referred to in many places of the maintenance and  
troubleshooting sections of this manual.  
The various operating modes available under the DIAG menu are:  
Table 5-4: Diagnostic Mode (DIAG) Functions  
Front Panel  
Mode Indicator  
MANUAL  
SECTION  
DIAG SUBMENU  
SIGNAL I/O  
SUBMENU FUNCTION  
Allows observation of all digital and analog signals  
in the instrument. Allows certain digital signals such  
as valves and heaters to be toggled ON and OFF.  
12.1.3  
DIAG I/O  
When entered, the analyzer performs an analog  
12.7.6.1  
ANALOG OUTPUT output step test. This can be used to calibrate a  
DIAG AOUT  
chart recorder or to test the analog output accuracy.  
The signal levels of the instruments analog outputs  
may be calibrated (either individually or as a group).  
ANALOG I/O  
5.9.2  
Various electronic parameters such as signal span,  
CONFIGURATION  
DIAG AIO  
and offset are available for viewing and  
configuration.  
TEST CHAN  
OUTPUT  
Selects one of the available test channel signals to  
output over the A4 analog output channel.  
5.9.4  
0
DIAG TCHN  
DIAG OPTIC  
When activated, the analyzer performs an optic test,  
which turns on an LED located inside the sensor module  
near the PMT (Figure 13-20). This diagnostic tests the  
response of the PMT without having to supply span gas.  
OPTIC TEST  
When activated, the analyzer performs an electrical test,  
which generates a current intended to simulate the PMT  
output to verify the signal handling and conditioning of the  
PMT preamp board.  
ELECTRICAL  
TEST  
0
DIAG ELEC  
Allows the user to manually turn the O3 generator on or  
off. During initial power up TMR (timer) is displayed while  
the Ozone brick remains off for the first 30 minutes.  
OZONE GEN  
OVERRIDE 1  
0
DIAG OZONE  
DIAG FCAL  
FLOW  
This function is used to calibrate the gas flow output  
signals of sample gas and ozone supply.  
9.7  
CALIBRATION 1  
1
These settings are retained after exiting DIAG mode.  
To access the various DIAG submenus, press the following buttons:  
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Figure 5-4:  
Accessing the DIAG Submenus  
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5.9.1. SIGNAL I/O  
The signal I/O diagnostic mode allows a user to review and change the digital and analog input/output  
functions of the analyzer. Refer to Appendix A for a complete list of the parameters available for review  
under this menu.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Any changes of signal I/O settings will remain in effect only until the  
signal I/O menu is exited. Exceptions are the ozone generator override  
and the flow sensor calibration, which remain as entered when exiting.  
Access the signal I/O test mode from the DIAG Menu (Figure 5-4), then press:  
DIAG  
SIGNAL I / O  
Press NEXT & PREV to  
move between signal  
types.  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
ENTR EXIT  
Press JUMP to go  
directly to a specific  
signal  
DIAG I / O  
0) EXT_ZERO_CAL=OFF  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
PRNT EXIT  
See Appendix A-4 for  
a complete list of  
available SIGNALS  
EXAMPLE  
DIAG I / O  
JUMP TO: 12  
EXAMPLE:  
1
2
ENTR EXIT  
Enter 12 to Jump to  
12) ST_SYSTEM_OK=ON  
DIAG I / O  
12) ST_SYSTEM_OK = ON  
Exit to return  
to the  
DIAG menu  
PREV NEXT JUMP  
ON PRNT EXIT  
Pressing the PRNT button will send a formatted  
printout to the serial port and can be captured  
with a computer or other output device.  
Toggle ON/(OFF) button to  
change status.  
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5.9.2. ANALOG OUTPUT (DIAG AOUT)  
Analog Output is used to verify functionality and accuracy of the analog outputs. The test forces all  
analog output channels to produce signals ranging from 0% to 100% of the full scale range in 20%  
increments. This test is useful to verify the operation of the data logging/recording devices attached to  
the analyzer.  
Section 12.7.6.1 presents instructions for use in troubleshooting and service.  
5.9.3. ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION (DIAG AIO)  
The 9110T analyzer comes equipped with four analog outputs. The first three outputs (A1 A2, & A3)  
carry analog signals that represent the currently measured concentrating of NOx, NO and NO2 (see  
Section 5.4.2.1). The fourth output (A4) outputs a signal that can be set to represent the current value of  
one of several test functions (see Table 5-9).  
The following table lists the analog I/O functions that are available in the 9110T analyzer.  
Table 5-5: DIAG - Analog I/O Functions  
MANUAL  
SECTION  
SUB MENU  
FUNCTION  
Initiates a calibration of the A1, A2, A3 and A4 analog output channels that  
determines the slope and offset inherent in the circuitry of each output.  
5.9.3.1  
AOUT CALIBRATED  
These values are stored and applied to the output signals by the CPU  
automatically.  
Sets the basic electronic configuration of the A1 output (NOx Concentration).  
There are four options:  
RANGE1: Selects the signal type (voltage or current loop) and level of the  
output  
CONC_OUT_1  
REC OFS: Allows them input of a DC offset to let the user manually adjust  
the output level  
5.9.2  
AUTO CAL: Enables / Disables the AOUT CALIBRATION Feature  
CALIBRATED: Performs the same calibration as AOUT CALIBRATED, but  
on this one channel only.  
CONC_OUT_2  
CONC_OUT_3  
Same as for CONC_OUT_1 but for analog channel A2 (NO Concentration)  
Same as for CONC_OUT_1 but for analog channel A3 (NO2 Concentration)  
Same as for CONC_OUT_1 but for analog channel A4 (TEST CHANNEL)  
Initiates a calibration of the A-to-D Converter circuit located on the Motherboard.  
5.9.4  
TEST OUTPUT  
AIN CALIBRATED  
5.9.3.10  
XIN1  
.
.
.
For each of 8 external analog inputs channels, shows the gain, offset,  
engineering units, and whether the channel is to show up as a Test  
function.  
5.9.3.11  
XIN8  
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To access the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION sub menu, press:  
Figure 5-5:  
Accessing the Analog I/O Configuration Submenus  
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5.9.3.1. Analog Output Voltage / Current Range Selection  
In its standard configuration the analog outputs is set to output a 0 – 5 VDC signals. Several other  
output ranges are available (see Table 5-6). Each range is usable from -5% to +5% of the rated span.  
Table 5-6: Analog Output Voltage Range Min/Max  
RANGE NAME  
RANGE SPAN  
0-100 mVDC  
0-1 VDC  
MINIMUM OUTPUT  
-5 mVDC  
MAXIMUM OUTPUT  
105 mVDC  
0.1V  
1V  
-0.05 VDC  
1.05 VDC  
5V  
0-5 VDC  
-0.25 VDC  
5.25 VDC  
10V  
0-10 VDC  
-0.5 VDC  
10.5 VDC  
The default offset for all VDC ranges is 0-5 VDC.  
CURR  
0-20 mA  
0 mA  
20 mA  
While these are the physical limits of the current loop modules, typical applications use 2-20 mA or 4-20 mA for the lower and upper  
limits. Please specify desired range when ordering this option.  
The default offset for all current ranges is 0 mA.  
To change the output type and range, select the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION submenu (see  
Figure 5-5) then press:  
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5.9.3.2. Calibration of the Analog Outputs  
Analog output calibration should be carried out on first startup of the analyzer (performed in the factory  
as part of the configuration process) or whenever recalibration is required. The analog outputs can be  
calibrated automatically, either as a group or individually, or adjusted manually.  
In its default mode, the instrument is configured for automatic calibration of all channels, which is useful  
for clearing any analog calibration warnings associated with channels that will not be used or connected  
to any input or recording device, e.g., data logger.  
Manual calibration should be used for the 0.1V range or in cases where the outputs must be closely  
matched to the characteristics of the recording device. The AUTOCAL feature must be disabled first for  
manual calibration.  
5.9.3.3. Enabling or Disabling the AutoCal for an Individual Analog Output  
To enable or disable the AutoCal feature for an individual analog output, elect the ANALOG I/O  
CONFIGURATION submenu (see Figure 5-5) then press:  
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5.9.3.4. Automatic Group Calibration of the Analog Outputs  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Manual calibration should be used for any analog output set for a 0.1V  
output range or in cases where the outputs must be closely matched to  
the characteristics of the recording device. (See Sections 5.9.3.2, 5.9.3.3,  
and 5.9.3.6).  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Before performing this procedure, ensure that the AUTO CAL for each  
analog output is enabled. (See Section 5.9.3.3).  
To calibrate the outputs as a group with the AOUTS CALIBRATION command, select the ANALOG  
I/O CONFIGURATION submenu (see Figure 5-5) then press:  
5.9.3.5. Automatic Individual Calibration of the Analog Outputs  
To use the AUTO CAL feature to initiate an automatic calibration for an individual analog output, select  
the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION submenu (see Figure 5-5) then press:  
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5.9.3.6. Manual Calibration of the Analog Outputs Configured for Voltage Ranges  
For highest accuracy, the voltages of the analog outputs can be manually calibrated.  
Note  
The menu for manually adjusting the analog output signal level will only  
appear if the AUTO-CAL feature is turned off for the channel being  
adjusted. (See Section 5.9.3.3).  
Calibration is performed with a voltmeter connected across the output terminals and by changing the  
actual output signal level using the front panel buttons in 100, 10 or 1 count increments. See Figure 3-8  
for pin assignments and diagram of the analog output connector.  
V
+DC Gnd  
Figure 5-6:  
Setup for Checking / Calibrating DCV Analog Output Signal Levels  
Table 5-7: Voltage Tolerances for the TEST CHANNEL Calibration  
MINIMUM  
FULL  
ZERO  
SPAN  
SPAN VOLTAGE  
ADJUSTMENT  
SCALE  
TOLERANCE  
TOLERANCE  
(1 count)  
0.1 VDC  
1 VDC  
±0.0005V  
±0.001V  
±0.002V  
±0.004V  
90 mV  
900 mV  
4500 mV  
4500 mV  
±0.001V  
±0.001V  
±0.003V  
±0.006V  
0.02 mV  
0.24 mV  
1.22 mV  
2.44 mV  
5 VDC  
10 VDC  
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Setup Menu  
To adjust the signal levels of an analog output channel manually, select the ANALOG I/O  
CONFIGURATION submenu (see Figure 5-5) then press:  
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5.9.3.7. Manual Adjustment of Current Loop Output Span and Offset  
A current loop option may be purchased for the A1, A2 and A3 Analog outputs of the analyzer. This  
option places circuitry in series with the output of the D-to-A converter on the motherboard that changes  
the normal DC voltage output to a 0-20 milliamp signal (See Section 3.3.1.4).  
1. The outputs can be ordered scaled to any set of limits within that 0-20 mA range,  
however most current loop applications call for either 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA range  
spans.  
2. All current loop outputs have a +5% over range. Ranges whose lower limit is set above 1 mA also have  
a –5% under range.  
To switch an analog output from voltage to current loop, follow the instructions in Section 5.9.3.1 (select  
CURR from the list of options on the “Output Range” menu).  
Adjusting the signal zero and span levels of the current loop output is done by raising or lowering the  
voltage output of the D-to-A converter circuitry on the analyzer’s motherboard. This raises or lowers the  
signal level produced by the current loop option circuitry.  
The software allows this adjustment to be made in 100, 10 or 1 count increments. Since the exact  
amount by which the current signal is changed per D-to-A count varies from output-to-output and  
instrument–to–instrument, you will need to measure the change in the signal levels with a separate,  
current meter placed in series with the output circuit. See Figure 3-8 for pin assignments and diagram of  
the analog output connector.  
Figure 5-7:  
Setup for Checking / Calibration Current Output Signal Levels Using an Ammeter  
CAUTION – GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
Do not exceed 60 V peak voltage between current loop outputs and instrument ground.  
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To adjust the zero and span signal levels of the current outputs, select the ANALOG I/O  
CONFIGURATION submenu (see Figure 5-5) then press:  
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An alternate method for measuring the output of the Current Loop converter is to connect a 250 ohm  
1% resistor across the current loop output in lieu of the current meter (see Figure 3-8 for pin  
assignments and diagram of the analog output connector). This allows the use of a voltmeter connected  
across the resistor to measure converter output as VDC or mVDC.  
V
+DC Gnd  
Figure 5-8:  
Alternative Setup Using 250Ω Resistor for Checking Current Output Signal Levels  
In this case, follow the procedure above but adjust the output for the following values:  
Table 5-8: Current Loop Output Check  
Voltage across  
Resistor for 2-20 mA  
Voltage across  
Resistor for 4-20 mA  
% FS  
0
500 mVDC  
1000 mVDC  
5000 mVDC  
100  
5000 mVDC  
5.9.3.8. TURNING AN ANALOG OUTPUT OVER-RANGE FEATURE ON/OFF  
In its default configuration, a ± 5% over-range is available on each of the 9110T’s analog outputs. This  
over-range can be disabled if your recording device is sensitive to excess voltage or current.  
To turn the over-range feature on or off, select the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION submenu (see  
Figure 5-5) then press:  
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5.9.3.9. ADDING A RECORDER OFFSET TO AN ANALOG OUTPUT  
Some analog signal recorders require that the zero signal be significantly different from the baseline of  
the recorder in order to record slightly negative readings from noise around the zero point. This can be  
achieved in the 9110T by defining a zero offset, a small voltage (e.g., 10% of span).  
To add a zero offset to a specific analog output channel, select the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION  
submenu (see Figure 5-5) then press:  
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5.9.3.10. AIN Calibration  
This is the submenu to conduct a calibration of the 9110T analyzer’s analog inputs. This calibration  
should only be necessary after major repair such as a replacement of CPU, motherboard or power  
supplies.  
To perform an analog input calibration, select the ANALOG I/O CONFIGURATION submenu (see  
Figure 5-5) then press:  
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From the  
DIAG  
PREV NEXT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
<SET  
CAL  
Continue pressing  
until you reach the  
output to be configured  
<SET  
EXIT  
Firmware automatically performs a zero point calibration  
of the Motherboard’s analog Inputs  
Firmware automatically performs a span point calibration  
of the Motherboard’s analog Inputs  
Perform  
Troubleshooting or call  
Teledyne API’s  
<SET  
EXIT  
Customer Service  
5.9.3.11. External Analog Inputs (XIN1…XIN8) Option Configuration  
To configure the analyzer’s optional external analog inputs, define for each channel:  
gain (number of units represented by 1 volt)  
offset (volts)  
engineering units to be represented in volts (each press of the touchscreen button scrolls the list of  
alphanumeric characters from A-Z and 0-9)  
whether to display the channel in the Test functions  
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These parameters can also be captured in the internal Data Acquisition System (DAS); refer to Appendix  
A for Analog-In DAS parameters.  
To adjust settings for the Analog Inputs option parameters press:  
DIAG  
ANALOG I / O CONFIGURATION  
PREV  
NEXT  
ENTR  
EXIT  
EXIT  
DIAG AIO  
AOUTS CALIBRATED: NO  
Press SET> to scroll to the first  
channel. Continue pressing SET>  
to view each of 8 channels.  
< SET SET> CAL  
DIAG AIO  
XIN1:1.00,0.00,V,OFF  
Press EDIT at any channel  
< SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
to to change Gain, Offset,  
Units and whether to display  
the channel in the Test  
functions (OFF/ON).  
DIAG AIO  
XIN1 GAIN:1.00V/V  
SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
DIAG AIO  
XIN1 OFFSET:0.00V  
DIAG AIO  
XIN1 GAIN:1.00V/V  
< SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
+
0
0
1
.0  
0
ENTR EXIT  
DIAG AIO  
XIN1 UNITS:V  
Press to change  
Gain value  
< SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
DIAG AIO  
< SET  
XIN1 DISPLAY:OFF  
EDIT  
Pressing ENTR records the new setting  
and returns to the previous menu.  
Pressing EXIT ignores the new setting and  
returns to the previous menu.  
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5.9.4. TEST CHAN OUTPUT (SELECTING A TEST CHANNEL FUNCTION  
FOR OUTPUT A4)  
The test functions available to be reported are listed in Table 5-9:  
Table 5-9: Test Channels Functions available on the 9110T’s Analog Output  
TEST CHANNEL  
NONE  
DESCRIPTION  
ZERO  
FULL SCALE  
TEST CHANNEL IS TURNED OFF  
The output of the PMT detector  
converted to a 0 to 5 VDC scale.  
PMT DETECTOR  
0 mV  
5000 mV 1  
The flow rate of O3 through the analyzer  
as measured by the O3 flow sensor.  
OZONE FLOW  
SAMPLE FLOW  
0 cm3/min  
0 cm3/min  
1000 cm3/min  
1000 cm3/min  
The calculated flow rate for sample gas  
through the analyzer.  
The pressure of the sample gas  
measured upstream of the Auto Zero  
Valve.  
SAMPLE PRESSURE  
RCELL PRESSURE  
0 Hg-In-A  
40 "Hg-In-A  
The pressure of gas inside the reaction  
cell of the sensor module.  
0 Hg-In-A  
40 Hg-In-A  
The temperature of gas inside the  
reaction cell of the sensor module.  
RCELL TEMP  
0 C  
70 C  
MANIFOLD TEMP  
Not used in the Model 9110T.  
The temperature of the permeation tube  
oven of the optional internal span gas  
generator.  
IZS TEMP  
0 C  
70 C  
CONV TEMP  
PMT TEMP  
The temperature NO2 NO converter.  
0 C  
500 C  
The temperature inside PMT.  
0 C  
50 C  
The temperature inside the 9110T’s  
chassis.  
BOX TEMP  
0 C  
70 C  
Represents the output voltage of the  
PMT's high voltage power supply.  
HVPS VOLTAGE  
0 mV  
5000 mV 1  
Once a function is selected, the instrument not only begins to output a signal on the analog output, but  
also adds TEST to the list of test functions viewable via the front panel display.  
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To activate the TEST Channel and select a function, press:  
5.9.5. OPTIC TEST  
The OPTIC TEST function tests the response of the PMT sensor by turning on an LED located in the  
cooling block of the PMT. The analyzer uses the light emitted from the LED to test its photo-electronic  
subsystem, including the PMT and the current to voltage converter on the pre-amplifier board. To ensure  
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that the analyzer measures only the light coming from the LED, the analyzer should be supplied with  
zero air. The optic test should produce a PMT signal of about 2000±1000 mV.  
Section 12.7.12.1 presents instructions for use in troubleshooting and service.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
This is a coarse test for functionality and not an accurate calibration tool.  
The resulting PMT signal can vary significantly over time and also  
changes with low-level calibration.  
5.9.6. ELECTRICAL TEST  
The ELECTRICAL TEST function creates a current, which substitutes the PMT signal, and feeds it into  
the preamplifier board. This signal is generated by circuitry on the pre-amplifier board itself and tests the  
filtering and amplification functions of that assembly along with the A/D converter on the motherboard.  
It does not test the PMT itself. The electrical test should produce a PMT signal of about 2000 ±1000 mV.  
Section 12.7.12.2 presents instructions for use in troubleshooting and service.  
5.9.7. OZONE GEN OVERRIDE  
This feature is used to manually turn the ozone generator off and on. Read Section 13.2.3 to understand  
the ozone generator, and refer to Section 12.7.15.1 for instructions on using the override feature in  
troubleshooting and service.  
5.9.8. FLOW CALIBRATION  
This function is used to calibrate the gas flow output signals of sample gas and ozone supply. Section 9.7  
presents instructions for flow calibration. Used to adjust the gas flow calculations made by the CPU  
based on pressure and flow sensor readings.  
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Communications Setup and Operation  
6. COMMUNICATIONS SETUP AND OPERATION  
This instrument’s rear panel connections include an Ethernet port, a USB port (option) and two serial  
communications ports labeled RS232, which is the COM1 port, and COM2 (refer to Figure 3-4). These  
ports give the user the ability to communicate with, issue commands to, and receive data from the  
analyzer through an external computer system or terminal. Connection instructions were provided in  
Section 3.3.1.8.  
This section provides pertinent information regarding communication equipment, describes the  
instrument’s communications modes, presents configuration instructions for the communications ports,  
and provides instructions for their use, including communications protocol. Data acquisition is presented  
in Section 7.  
6.1. DATA TERMINAL / COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT (DTE DEC)  
RS-232 was developed for allowing communications between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data  
communication equipment (DCE). Basic terminals always fall into the DTE category whereas modems  
are always considered DCE devices. The difference between the two is the pin assignment of the Data  
Receive and Data Transmit functions.  
DTE devices receive data on pin 2 and transmit data on pin 3.  
DCE devices receive data on pin 3 and transmit data on pin 2.  
To allow the analyzer to be used with terminals (DTE), modems (DCE) and computers (which can be  
either), a switch mounted below the serial ports on the rear panel labeled DCE DTE (Figure 3-4) allows  
the user to set the RS-232 configuration for one of these two data devices. This switch exchanges the  
Receive and Transmit lines on RS-232 emulating a cross-over or null-modem cable. The switch has no  
effect on COM2.  
6.2. COMMUNICATION MODES, BAUD RATE AND PORT  
TESTING  
Use the SETUP>MORE>COMM menu to configure COM1 (labeled RS232 on instrument rear panel)  
and/or COM2 (labeled COM2 on instrument rear panel) for communication modes, baud rate and/or  
port testing for correct connection. If using a USB option communication connection, setup requires  
configuring the COM2 baud rate (Section 6.2.2).  
6.2.1. COMMUNICATION MODES  
Each of the analyzer’s serial ports can be configured to operate in a number of different modes, listed in  
Table 6-1. As modes are selected, the analyzer sums the mode ID numbers and displays this combined  
number on the front panel display. For example, if quiet mode (01), computer mode (02) and Multi-  
Drop-Enabled mode (32) are selected, the analyzer would display a combined MODE ID of 35.  
Table 6-1: COMM Port Communication Modes  
MODE1  
QUIET  
ID  
1
DESCRIPTION  
Quiet mode suppresses any feedback from the analyzer (such as warning messages)  
to the remote device and is typically used when the port is communicating with a  
computer program where such intermittent messages might cause communication  
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Communications Setup and Operation  
problems.  
Such feedback is still available but a command must be issued to receive them.  
Computer mode inhibits echoing of typed characters and is used when the port is  
communicating with a computer operated control program.  
COMPUTER  
2
HESSEN  
PROTOCOL  
The Hessen communications protocol is used in some European countries. TAPI P/N  
02252 contains more information on this protocol.  
16  
When turned on this mode switches the COMM port settings from  
No parity; 8 data bits; 1 stop bit to Even parity; 8 data bits; 1 stop bit.  
When turned on this mode switches the COMM port settings from  
No parity; 8 data bits; 1 stop bit to Even parity; 7 data bits; 1 stop bit.  
E, 8, 1  
E, 7, 1  
8192  
2048  
Configures the COM2 Port for RS-485 communication. RS-485 mode has precedence  
over multidrop mode if both are enabled. Also, configuring for RS-485 disables the rear  
panel USB port.  
RS-485  
1024  
When enabled, the serial port requires a password before it will respond (see Section  
5.5). The only command that is active is the help screen (? CR).  
SECURITY  
4
MULTIDROP  
PROTOCOL  
Multidrop protocol allows a multi-instrument configuration on a single communications  
channel. Multidrop requires the use of instrument IDs.  
32  
ENABLE  
MODEM  
Enables to send a modem initialization string at power-up. Asserts certain lines in the  
RS-232 port to enable the modem to communicate.  
64  
ERROR  
Fixes certain types of parity errors at certain Hessen protocol installations.  
CHECKING2  
128  
256  
XON/XOFF  
Disables XON/XOFF data flow control also known as software handshaking.  
HANDSHAKE2  
Enables CTS/RTS style hardwired transmission handshaking. This style of data  
transmission handshaking is commonly used with modems or terminal emulation  
protocols as well as by Teledyne Instrument’s APICOM software.  
HARDWARE  
HANDSHAKE  
8
HARDWARE  
FIFO2  
Disables the HARDWARE FIFO (First In – First Out). When FIFO is enabled, it  
improves data transfer rate for that COMM port.  
512  
COMMAND  
PROMPT  
Enables a command prompt when in terminal mode.  
4096  
1 Modes are listed in the order in which they appear in the  
SETUP MORE COMM COM[1 OR 2] MODE menu  
2 The default setting for this feature is ON. Do not disable unless so instructed by Teledyne Customer Service personnel.  
Communication Modes for each COMM port must be configured independently. To turn on or off the  
communication modes for either COM1 or COM2, access the SETUP>MORE.[COM1 OR COM2]  
menu, and at the COM1 [2] Mode menu press EDIT.  
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Figure 6-1.  
COMM – Communication Modes Setup  
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6.2.2. COM PORT BAUD RATE  
To select the baud rate of either COMM Port, go to SETUP>MORE>COMM and select either COM1 or  
COM2 as follows (use COM2 to view/match your personal computer baud rate when using the USB  
port, Section 6.6):  
SETUP X.X  
COMMUNICATIONS MENU  
Select which COM  
port to configure.  
(COM1 for example).  
ID INET COM1 COM2  
SETUP X.X  
SET> EDIT  
COM1 MODE:0  
Press SET> until you  
reach the COM1  
BAUD RATE  
EXIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
EXAMPLE  
SETUP X.X  
COM1 BAUD RATE:19200  
Use PREV and NEXT  
to move between  
available baud rates.  
EXIT  
ignores  
the new  
setting  
<SET SET> EDIT  
300  
1200  
4800  
SETUP X.X  
COM1 BAUD RATE:19200  
ENTR  
9600  
ENTR  
accepts  
the new  
setting  
19200  
38400  
57600  
115200  
PREV NEXT  
SETUP X.X  
COM1 BAUD RATE:9600  
ENTR  
NEXT ON  
Figure 6-2.  
COMM – COMM Port Baud Rate  
6.2.3. COM PORT TESTING  
The serial ports can be tested for correct connection and output in the COMM menu. This test sends a  
string of 256 ‘w’ characters to the selected COMM port. While the test is running, the red LED on the  
rear panel of the analyzer should flicker.  
To initiate the test press the following button sequence:  
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SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NOX= XXXX  
SETUP  
<TST TST> CAL  
Concentration field  
displays all gases.  
SETUP X.X  
PRIMARY SETUP MENU  
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
SECONDARY SETUP MENU  
COMM VARS DIAG  
SETUP X.X  
COMMUNICATIONS MENU  
ID INET COM1 COM2  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
COM1 MODE:0  
<SET SET> EDIT  
Continue pressing <SET or SET> until ...  
SETUP X.X  
COM1: TEST PORT  
<SET SET> TEST  
ENTR EXIT  
Test runs  
automatically.  
SETUP X.X  
SETUP X.X  
TRANSMITTING TO COM1  
COM1: TEST PORT  
PREV NEXT OFF  
EXIT  
Figure 6-3.  
COMM – COM1 Test Port  
6.3. RS-232  
The RS232 and COM2 communications (COMM) ports operate on the RS-232 protocol (default  
configuration). Possible configurations for these two COMM ports are summarized as follows:  
RS232 port can also be configured to operate in single or RS-232 Multidrop mode (Option 62); refer  
to Section 3.3.1.8.  
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COM2 port can be left in its default configuration for standard RS-232 operation including multidrop,  
or it can be reconfigured for half-duplex RS-485 operation (please contact the factory for this  
configuration).  
Note that when the rear panel COM2 port is in use, except for multidrop communication, the rear panel  
USB port cannot be used. (Alternatively, when the USB port is enabled, COM2 port cannot be used  
except for multidrop).  
A code-activated switch (CAS), can also be used on either port to connect typically between 2 and 16  
send/receive instruments (host computer(s) printers, data loggers, analyzers, monitors, calibrators, etc.)  
into one communications hub. Contact TAI Sales for more information on CAS systems.  
To configure the analyzer’s communication ports, use the SETUP>MORE>COMM menu. Refer to  
Section 5.7 for initial setup, and to Section 6.2 for additional configuration information.  
6.4. RS-485 (OPTION)  
The COM2 port of the instrument’s rear panel is set up for RS-232 communication but can be  
reconfigured for RS-485 communication. Contact Customer Service. If this option was elected at the  
time of purchase, the rear panel was preconfigured at the factory.  
6.5. ETHERNET  
When using the Ethernet interface, the analyzer can be connected to any standard 10BaseT or 100BaseT  
Ethernet network via low-cost network hubs, switches or routers. The interface operates as a standard  
TCP/IP device on port 3000. This allows a remote computer to connect through the network to the  
analyzer using APICOM, terminal emulators or other programs.  
The Ethernet connector has two LEDs that are on the connector itself, indicating its current operating  
status.  
Table 6-2: Ethernet Status Indicators  
LED  
amber (link)  
green (activity  
FUNCTION  
On when connection to the LAN is valid.  
Flickers during any activity on the LAN.  
The analyzer is shipped with DHCP enabled by default. This allows the instrument to be connected to a  
network or router with a DHCP server. The instrument will automatically be assigned an IP address by  
the DHCP server (Section 6.5.2). This configuration is useful for quickly getting an instrument up and  
running on a network. However, for permanent Ethernet connections, a static IP address should be used.  
Section 6.5.1 below details how to configure the instrument with a static IP address.  
6.5.1. CONFIGURING ETHERNET COMMUNICATION MANUALLY (STATIC  
IP ADDRESS)  
To configure Ethernet communication manually:  
1. Connect a cable from the analyzer’s Ethernet port to a Local Area Network (LAN) or  
Internet port.  
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From the analyzer’s front panel touchscreen, access the Communications Menu (SETUP>MORE>COMM,  
see  
2. Figure 5-2).  
3. Enter the INET menu shown in Figure 6-4, turning DHCP mode to OFF and editing  
the Instrument and Gateway IP addresses and Subnet Mask to the desired settings  
(default settings showin in Table 6-3).  
Alternatively, from the computer, enter the same information through an application such as  
HyperTerminal.  
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Internet Configuration Button Functions  
SETUP X.X  
ID INET  
COMMUNICATIONS MENU  
BUTTON  
[0]  
FUNCTION  
COM1 COM2  
EXIT  
ENTR EXIT  
EXIT  
Location of cursor. Press to cycle through the range of  
numerals and available characters (“0 – 9” & “ . ”)  
<CH CH> Moves the cursor one character left or right.  
SAMPLE  
ENTER SETUP PASS : 818  
8
DEL  
Deletes a character at the cursor location.  
Accepts the new setting and returns to the previous  
menu.  
8
1
ENTR  
Ignores the new setting and returns to the previous  
menu.  
EXIT  
DHCP: ON is  
default setting.  
Skip this step  
if it has been  
set to OFF.  
SETUP X.X  
DHCP: ON  
Some buttons appear only when relevant.  
SET> EDIT  
SETUP X.X  
DHCP: OFF  
SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X INST IP: 000.000.000.000  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
Cursor  
location is  
indicated by  
brackets  
SETUP X.X INST IP: [0] 00.000.000  
<CH CH>  
DEL [0]  
ENTR EXIT  
SETUP X.X GATEWAY IP: 000.000.000.000  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X GATEWAY IP: [0] 00.000.000  
<CH CH> DEL [?] ENTR EXIT  
SETUP X.X SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X SUBNET MASK:[2]55.255.255.0  
<CH CH> DEL [?] ENTR EXIT  
SETUP X.X TCP PORT 3000  
<SET  
EDIT  
EXIT  
The PORT number must remain at 3000.  
Do not change this setting unless instructed to by  
Teledyne Instruments Customer Service personnel.  
Pressing EXIT from  
any of the above  
display menus  
causes the Ethernet  
option to reinitialize  
its internal interface  
firmware  
SETUP X.X  
INITIALIZING INET 0%  
…
INITIALIZING INET 100%  
SETUP X.X  
INITIALIZATI0N SUCCEEDED  
SETUP X.X  
INITIALIZATION FAILED  
Contact your IT  
Network Administrator  
SETUP X.X  
COMMUNICATIONS MENU  
COM1 COM2  
ID  
INET  
EXIT  
Figure 6-4.  
COMM - LAN /Internet Manual Configuration  
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Table 6-3. LAN/Ethernet Default Configuration Properties  
PROPERTY  
DHCP  
DEFAULT STATE  
DESCRIPTION  
This displays whether the DHCP is turned ON or OFF. Press  
EDIT and toggle ON for automatic configuration after first  
consulting network administrator.  
ON  
INSTRUMENT  
IP ADDRESS  
This string of four packets of 1 to 3 numbers each (e.g.  
192.168.76.55.) is the address of the analyzer itself.  
Can only be edited when DHCP is set to OFF.  
0.0.0.0  
0.0.0.0  
GATEWAY IP  
ADDRESS  
A string of numbers very similar to the Instrument IP address  
(e.g. 192.168.76.1.) that is the address of the computer used by  
your LAN to access the Internet.  
Can only be edited when DHCP is set to OFF.  
Also a string of four packets of 1 to 3 numbers each (e.g.  
255.255.252.0) that identifies the LAN to which the device is  
connected.  
All addressable devices and computers on a LAN must have the  
same subnet mask. Any transmissions sent to devices with  
different subnets are assumed to be outside of the LAN and are  
routed through the gateway computer onto the Internet.  
SUBNET MASK  
This number defines the terminal control port by which the  
instrument is addressed by terminal emulation software, such as  
Internet or Teledyne API’s APICOM.  
3000  
TCP PORT1  
The name by which your analyzer will appear when addressed  
from other computers on the LAN or via the Internet. To assign  
or change, see Section 6.5.2.1.  
[initially blank]  
HOST NAME  
1 Do not change the setting for this property unless instructed to by TAI’s Customer Service personnel.  
6.5.2. CONFIGURING ETHERNET COMMUNICATION USING DYNAMIC  
HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP)  
The default Ethernet setting is DHCP.  
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1. Consult with your network administrator to affirm that your network server is running  
DHCP.  
Access the Communications Menu (SETUP>MORE>COMM, see  
2. Figure 5-2).  
3. Enter the INET menu and follow the setup sequence as shown in Figure 6-5.  
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SETUP X.X  
COMMUNICATIONS MENU  
From this point on,  
EXIT returns to  
COMMUNICATIONS  
MENU  
ID INET COM1 COM2  
EXIT  
SAMPLE  
ENTER SETUP PASS : 818  
8
1
8
ENTR EXIT  
DHCP: ON is  
SETUP X.X  
DHCP: OFF  
DHCP: ON  
default setting.  
If it has been  
set to OFF,  
press EDIT  
and set to ON.  
SETUP X.X  
DHCP: ON  
OFF  
ENTR EXIT  
SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
ON  
ENTR EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
<SET SET>  
INST IP: 0.0.0.0  
SETUP X.X GATEWAY IP: 0.0.0.0  
EDIT button  
disabled  
<SET SET>  
SETUP X.X SUBNET MASK: 0.0.0.0  
<SET SET>  
Do not alter unless  
SETUP X.X  
TCP PORT: 3000  
directed to by Teledyne  
Instruments Customer  
Service personnel  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
TCP PORT2: 502  
<SET SET> EDIT  
SETUP X.X HOSTNAME:  
<SET  
EDIT  
Figure 6-5.  
COMM – LAN / Internet Automatic Configuration (DHCP)  
Note  
If the gateway IP, instrument IP and the subnet mask are all zeroes (i.e.,  
“0.0.0.0”), the DCHP was not successful in which case you may have to  
configure the analyzer’s Ethernet properties manually. See your network  
administrator.  
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6.5.2.1. Changing the Analyzer’s HOSTNAME  
The HOSTNAME is the name by which the analyzer appears on your network. The initial default  
Hostname is blank. To assign or change this name (particularly if you have more than one 9110T  
analyzer on your network, where each must have  
a
different Hostname), enter the  
SETUP>COMM>INET men and scroll to the HOSTNAME menu as in Figure 6-5; make the changes as  
shown in Figure 6-6:  
Figure 6-6.  
COMM – Change Hostname  
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6.6. USB PORT FOR REMOTE ACCESS  
The analyzer can be operated through a personal computer by downloading the TAPI USB driver and  
directly connecting their respective USB ports.  
1. Install the Teledyne T-Series USB driver on your computer, downloadable from the Teledyne API  
website under Help Center>Software Downloads (www.teledyne-api.com/software).  
2. Run the installer file: “TAPIVCPInstaller.exe”  
3. Connect the USB cable between the USB ports on your personal computer and your analyzer. The  
USB cable should be a Type A – Type B cable, commonly used as a USB printer cable.  
4. Determine the Windows XP Com Port number that was automatically assigned to the USB  
connection. (Start → Control Panel → System → Hardware → Device Manager). This is the com  
port that should be set in the communications software, such as APIcom or Hyperterminal.  
Refer to the Quick Start (Direct Cable Connection) section of the Teledyne APIcom Manual, PN 07463.  
5. In the instrument’s SETUP>MORE>COMM>COM2 menu, make the following settings:  
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Baud Rate: 115200  
COM2 Mode Settings:  
Quiet Mode  
ON  
Computer Mode  
ON  
MODBUS RTUOFF  
MODBUS ASCII  
OFF  
E,8,1 MODE OFF  
E,7,1 MODE OFF  
RS-485 MODE OFF  
SECURITY MODE  
OFF  
MULTIDROP MODE OFF  
ENABLE MODEM OFF  
ERROR CHECKING ON  
XON/XOFF HANDSHAKE  
OFF  
HARDWARE HANDSHAKE OFF  
HARDWARE FIFO ON  
COMMAND PROMPT OFF  
6. Next, configure your communications software, such as APIcom. Use the COM port determined in  
Step 4 and the baud rate set in Step 5. The figures below show how these parameters would be  
configured in the Instrument Properties window in APIcom when configuring a new instrument. See  
the APIcom manual (PN 07463) for more details.  
USB configuration requires that the baud rates of the instrument and  
the PC match; check the PC baud rate and change if needed.  
Note  
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Using the USB port disallows use of the rear panel COM2 port except  
for multidrop communication.  
6.7. COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS  
Two communications protocols available with the analyzer are MODBUS and Hessen. MODBUS setup  
instructions are provided here (Section 6.7.1) and registers are provided in Appendix A. Hessen setup  
and operation instructions are provided in Section 6.7.2.  
6.7.1. MODBUS  
The following set of instructions assumes that the user is familiar with MODBUS communications, and  
provides minimal information to get started. For additional instruction, please refer to the Teledyne API  
MODBUS manual, PN 06276. Also refer to www.modbus.org for MODBUS communication protocols.  
Minimum Requirements  
Instrument firmware with MODBUS capabilities installed.  
MODBUS-compatible software (TAPI uses MODBUS Poll for testing; see www.modbustools.com)  
Personal computer  
Communications cable (Ethernet or USB or RS232)  
Possibly a null modem adapter or cable  
Actions  
Set Com Mode parameters  
Comm  
Ethernet:  
Using the front panel menu, go to SETUP – MORE – COMM – INET; scroll  
through the INET submenu until you reach TCP PORT 2 (the standard setting is  
502), then continue to TCP PORT 2 MODBUS TCP/IP; press EDIT and toggle  
the menu button to change the setting to ON, then press ENTR. (Change  
Machine ID if needed: see “Slave ID”).  
USB/RS232: Using the front panel menu, go to SETUP – MORE – COMM – COM2 – EDIT;  
scroll through the COM2 EDIT submenu until the display shows COM2  
MODBUS RTU: OFF (press OFF to change the setting to ON. Scroll NEXT to  
COM2 MODBUS ASCII and ensure it is set to OFF. Press ENTR to keep the  
new settings. (If RTU is not available with your communications equipment, set  
the COM2 MODBUS ASCII setting to ON and ensure that COM2 MODBUS  
RTU is set to OFF. Press ENTR to keep the new settings).  
If your analyzer is connected to a network with at least one other analyzer of the same model,  
a unique Slave ID must be assigned to each. Using the front panel menu, go to SETUP –  
MORE – COMM – ID. The MACHINE ID default is the same as the model number. Toggle the  
menu buttons to change the ID.  
Slave ID  
Reboot analyzer  
For the settings to take effect, power down the analyzer, wait 5 seconds, and power up the  
analyzer.  
Make appropriate cable  
connections  
Connect your analyzer either:  
via its Ethernet or USB port to a PC (this may require a USB-to-RS232 adapter for your PC;  
if so, also install the sofware driver from the CD supplied with the adapter, and reboot the  
computer if required), or  
via its COM2 port to a null modem (this may require a null modem adapter or cable).  
Specify MODBUS software  
settings  
1. Click Setup / [Read / Write Definition] /.  
a. In the Read/Write Definition window (see example that follows) select a Function (what  
(examples used here are for  
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Actions  
MODBUS Poll software)  
you wish to read from the analyzer).  
b. Input Quantity (based on your firware’s register map).  
c. In the View section of the Read/Write Definition window select a Display (typically Float  
Inverse).  
d. Click OK.  
2. Next, click Connection/Connect.  
a. In the Connection Setup window (see example that follows), select the options based on  
your computer.  
b. Press OK.  
Read the Modbus Poll  
Register  
Use the Register Map to find the test parameter names for the values displayed (see example  
that follows If desired, assign an alias for each.  
Example Read/Write Definition window:  
Example Connection Setup window:  
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Example MODBUS Poll window:  
6.7.2. HESSEN  
The Hessen protocol is a multidrop protocol, in which several remote instruments are connected via a  
common communications channel to a host computer. The remote instruments are regarded as slaves of  
the host computer. The remote instruments are unaware that they are connected to a multidrop bus and  
never initiate Hessen protocol messages. They only respond to commands from the host computer and  
only when they receive a command containing their own unique ID number.  
The Hessen protocol is designed to accomplish two things: to obtain the status of remote instruments,  
including the concentrations of all the gases measured; and to place remote instruments into zero or span  
calibration or measure mode. TAI’s implementation supports both of these principal features.  
The Hessen protocol is not well defined; therefore, while Teledyne-API’s application is completely  
compatible with the protocol itself, it may be different from implementations by other companies.  
6.7.2.1. HESSEN COMM PORT CONFIGURATION  
Hessen protocol requires the communication parameters of the 9110T’s COMM ports to be set  
differently than the standard configuration as shown in the table below.  
Table 6-4:RS-232 Communication Parameters for Hessen Protocol  
PARAMETER  
Baud Rate  
Data Bits  
Stop Bits  
Parity  
STANDARD  
HESSEN  
1200  
7
300 – 19200  
8
1
2
None  
Full  
Even  
Half  
Duplex  
To change the baud rate of the 9110T’s COMM ports, See Section 6.2.2.  
To change the remaining COMM port parameters listed in the table above, see Section 6.2.1, Table 6-1.  
Note  
Ensure that the communication parameters of the host computer are also  
properly set.  
Also, the instrument software has a 200 ms latency period before it  
responds to commands issued by the host computer. This latency should  
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present no problems, but you should be aware of it and not issue  
commands to the instrument too frequently.  
6.7.2.2. ACTIVATING HESSEN PROTOCOL  
Once the COMM port has been properly configured, the next step in configuring the 9110T in order to  
operate over a Hessen protocol network is to activate the Hessen mode for COMM ports and configure  
the communication parameters for the port(s) appropriately.  
To activate the Hessen Protocol, press:  
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6.7.2.3. Selecting a Hessen Protocol Type  
Currently there are two versions of Hessen Protocol in use. The original implementation, referred to as  
TYPE 1, and a more recently released version, TYPE 2 that has more flexibility when operating with  
instruments that can measure more than one type of gas. For more specific information about the  
difference between TYPE 1 and TYPE 2 download the Manual Addendum for Hessen Protocol from  
the Teledyne API's web site: http://www.teledyne-api.com/manuals/.  
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To select a Hessen Protocol Type press:  
NOTE  
While Hessen Protocol Mode can be activated independently for COM1 and COM2, the  
TYPE selection affects both Ports.  
6.7.2.4. SETTING THE HESSEN PROTOCOL RESPONSE MODE  
The Teledyne implementation of Hessen Protocol allows the user to choose one of several different  
modes of response for the analyzer.  
Table 6-5: Teledyne's Hessen Protocol Response Modes  
MODE ID  
CMD  
MODE DESCRIPTION  
This is the Default Setting. Reponses from the instrument are encoded as the traditional  
command format. Style and format of responses depend on exact coding of the initiating  
command.  
Responses from the instrument are always delimited with <STX> (at the beginning of the  
response, <ETX> (at the end of the response followed by a 2 digit Block Check Code  
(checksum), regardless of the command encoding.  
BCC  
Responses from the instrument are always delimited with <CR> at the beginning and the end of  
the string, regardless of the command encoding.  
TEXT  
To Select a Hessen response mode, press:  
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6.7.2.5. HESSEN PROTOCOL GAS LIST ENTRY FORMAT AND DEFINITIONS  
The 9110T analyzer keeps a list of available gas types. Each entry in this list is of the following format.  
[GAS TYPE],[RANGE],[GAS ID],[REPORTED]  
WHERE:  
GAS TYPE  
RANGE  
The type of gas to be reported (e.g. NOx, NO and NO2 etc.).  
The concentration range for this entry in the gas list. This feature permits  
the user to select which concentration range will be used for this gas list  
entry. The 9110T analyzer has two ranges: RANGE1 or LOW &  
RANGE2 or HIGH (see Section 5.4).  
0 - The HESSEN protocol to use whatever range is currently active.  
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1 - The HESSEN protocol will always use RANGE1 for this gas list  
entry  
2 - The HESSEN protocol will always use RANGE2 for this gas list  
entry  
3 - Not applicable to the 9110T analyzer.  
GAS ID  
An identification number assigned to a specific gas. The 9110T analyzer  
is a multiple gas instrument that measures NOx, NO and NO2. Their ID  
numbers are as follows:  
NOx 211  
NO 212  
NO2 213  
REPORT  
States whether this list entry is to be reported or not reported when ever  
this gas type or instrument is polled by the HESSEN network. If the list  
entry is not to be reported this field will be blank. It’s default gas list  
consists of only reads:  
NOX, 0, 211, REPORTED  
NO, 0, 212, REPORTED  
NO2, 0, 213, REPORTED  
These default settings cause the instrument to report the concentration value of the currently active  
range. If you wish to have just concentration value stored for a specific range, this list entry should be  
edited or additional entries should be added to the list.  
EXAMPLE: Changing the above NOx gas list entry to read:  
NOX, 2, 211, REPORTED  
Would only record the last NOx reading that occurred while RANGE2 (HIGH) range was active.  
EDITING OR ADDING HESSEN GAS LIST ENTRIES  
To add or edit an entry to the Hessen Gas List, press:  
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DELETING HESSEN GAS LIST ENTRIES  
To delete an entry from the Hessen Gas list, press:  
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6.7.2.6. SETTING HESSEN PROTOCOL STATUS FLAGS  
Teledyne’s implementation of Hessen protocols includes a set of status bits that the instrument includes  
in responses to inform the host computer of its condition. Each bit can be assigned to one operational  
and warning message flag. The default settings for these bit/flags are:  
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Table 6-6: Default Hessen Status Flag Assignments  
DEFAULT BIT  
ASSIGNMENT  
STATUS FLAG NAME3  
WARNING FLAGS  
SAMPLE FLOW WARNING  
0001  
0002  
0004  
0008  
0010  
0020  
0040  
0080  
8000  
OZONE FLOW WARNING  
RCEL PRESS WARN  
BOX TEMP WARNING  
RCELL TEMP WARNING  
IZS TEMP WARNING1  
PMT TEMP WARN  
CONV TEMP WARNING  
INVALID CONC  
OPERATIONAL FLAGS  
In MANUAL Calibration Mode  
In ZERO Calibration Mode  
In SPAN Calibration Mode  
In WARMUP Mode  
UNITS OF MEASURE FLAGS  
UGM  
0200  
0400  
0800  
1000  
0000  
2000  
4000  
6000  
0100  
MGM  
PPB  
PPM  
SPARE/UNUSED BITS  
UNASSIGNED FLAGS (0000)  
MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE2  
HVPS WARNING  
OZONE GEN OFF  
FRONT PANEL WARN  
ANALOG CAL WARNING  
CANNOT DYN ZERO  
SYSTEM RESET  
RELAY BOARD WARNING  
REAR BOARD NOT DETECTED  
CANNOT DYN SPAN  
AUTOZERO WARNING  
Instrument is in MP CAL mode  
1
Only applicable if the optional internal span gas generator is installed.  
Only applicable if the 9110T is equipped with an oxygenator option.  
2
3
It is possible to assign more than one flag to the same Hessen status bit. This  
allows the grouping of similar flags, such as all temperature warnings, under the  
same status bit.  
Be careful not to assign conflicting flags to the same bit as each status bit will be  
triggered if any of the assigned flags is active.  
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To assign or reset the status flag bit assignments, press:  
SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NOX= XXXX  
SETUP  
<TST TST> CAL  
Concentration field  
displays all gases.  
SETUP X.X  
PRIMARY SETUP MENU  
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
SECONDARY SETUP MENU  
COMM VARS DIAG  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
COMMUNICATIONS MENU  
SETUP X.X  
HESSEN STATUS FLAGS  
ID HESN COM1 COM2  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
HESSEN VARIATION:TYPE1  
SETUP X.X  
IZS TEMP WARNING:0020  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
PREV NEXT  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
Continue pressing SET until ...  
Continue pressing NEXT until desired  
flag message is displayed  
SETUP X.X  
BOX TEMP WARNING:0008  
PREV NEXT  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
BOX TEMP WARNING:[0]008  
DEL [0] ENTR EXIT  
EXIT discards the  
<CH CH>  
The <CH and CH>  
new setting.  
buttons move the  
cursor brackets “[ ]”  
left and right along the  
bit string.  
ENTR accepts the  
new setting.  
Press the [?] button repeatedly to cycle  
through the available character set: 0-9  
INS Inserts a the  
character at the  
current location of the  
cursor brackets.  
NOTE: Values of A-F can also be set  
but are meaningless.  
6.7.2.7. Instrument ID  
Each instrument on a Hessen Protocol network must have a unique identifier (ID number). Refer to  
Section 5.7.1 for information and to customize the ID of each.  
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7. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (DAS) AND APICOM  
The 9110T analyzer contains a flexible and powerful, internal data acquisition system (DAS) that  
enables the analyzer to store concentration and calibration data as well as a host of diagnostic  
parameters. The DAS feature of the 9110T can store up to one million data points, which can,  
depending on individual configurations, cover days, weeks or months of valuable measurements. The  
data records are stored in non-volatile memory and are retained even when the instrument is powered  
off. Data are stored in plain text format for easy retrieval and use in common data analysis programs  
(such as electronic spreadsheets).  
The DAS is designed to be flexible, users have full control over the type, length and reporting time of the  
data. The DAS permits users to access stored data through the instrument’s front panel or remotely  
through its communication ports.  
The principal use of the DAS is logging data for trend analysis and predictive diagnostics, which can  
assist in identifying possible problems before they affect the functionality of the analyzer. The  
secondary use is for data analysis, documentation and archival in electronic format.  
To support the DAS functionality, Teledyne offers APICOM, a program that provides a visual interface  
for remote or local setup, configuration and data retrieval of the DAS. Using APICOM, data can even be  
retrieved automatically to a remote computer for further processing. The APICOM manual, included  
with the program, contains a more detailed description of the DAS structure and configuration and is  
briefly described in this document.  
The 9110T is configured with a basic DAS configuration already enabled. The data channels included in  
this basic structure may be used as is or temporarily disabled for later or occasional use.  
The green SAMPLE LED on the instrument front panel, which indicates the analyzer status, also  
indicates certain aspects of the DAS status:  
Table 7-1: Front Panel LED Status Indicators for DAS  
LED STATE  
DAS Status  
System is in calibration mode. Data logging can be enabled or disabled for this mode. Calibration  
data are typically stored at the end of calibration periods, concentration data are typically not  
sampled, diagnostic data should be collected.  
OFF  
Instrument is in hold-off mode, a short period after the system exits calibrations. DAS channels can  
be enabled or disabled for this period. Concentration data are typically disabled whereas diagnostic  
should be collected.  
BLINKING  
ON  
Sampling normally.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
DAS operation is suspended whenever its configuration is edited using  
the analyzer’s front panel and therefore data may be lost. To prevent  
such data loss, it is recommended to use the APICOM graphical user  
interface for DAS changes (Section 7.2.1).  
Please be aware that all stored data will be erased if the analyzer’s disk-  
on-module or CPU board is replaced or if the configuration data stored  
there is reset.  
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Note  
The DAS can be disabled only by disabling or deleting its individual data  
channels.  
7.1. DAS STRUCTURE  
The DAS is designed around the feature of a “record”. A record is a single data point. The type of data  
captured in a record are defined by two properties:  
PARAMETER type that defines the kind of data to be stored (e.g. the average of O3 concentrations  
measured with three digits of precision). See Section 7.1.3.3.  
A TRIGGER event that defines when the record is made (e.g. timer; every time a calibration is  
performed, etc.). See Section 7.1.3.2.  
The specific PARAMETERS and TRIGGER events that describe an individual record are defined in a  
construct called a DATA CHANNEL (see Section 7.1.3). Each data channel relates one or more  
parameters with a specific trigger event and various other operational characteristics related to the  
records being made (e.g. the channels name, number or records to be made, time period between records,  
whether or not the record is exported via the analyzer’s RS-232 port, etc.).  
7.1.1. DAS CHANNELS  
The key to the flexibility of the DAS is its ability to store a large number of combinations of triggering  
events and data parameters in the form of data channels. Users may create up to 20 data channels and  
each channel can contain one or more parameters. For each channel, the following are selected:  
one triggering event  
up to 50 data parameters, which can be the shared between channels.  
several other properties that define the structure of the channel and allow the user to make  
operational decisions regarding the channel.  
Table 7-2: DAS Data Channel Properties  
DEFAULT  
SETTING  
“NONE”  
PROPERTY  
NAME  
DESCRIPTION  
SETTING RANGE  
Up to 6 letters or digits1.  
The name of the data channel.  
Any available event  
(see Appendix A-5).  
TRIGGERING  
EVENT  
The event that triggers the data channel to  
measure and store the datum.  
ATIMER  
NUMBER AND  
LIST OF  
PARAMETERS  
Any available parameter  
(see Appendix A-5).  
A user-configurable list of data types to be  
recorded in any given channel.  
1
(PMTDET)  
000:00:01 to  
366:23:59  
(Days:Hours:Minutes)  
The amount of time between each channel data  
point.  
000:01:00  
(1 hour)  
REPORT PERIOD  
The number of reports that will be stored in the  
data file. Once the limit is exceeded, the oldest  
data is over-written.  
1 to 1 million, limited by  
available storage space.  
NUMBER OF  
RECORDS  
100  
Enables the analyzer to automatically report  
channel values to the RS-232 ports.  
RS-232 REPORT  
OFF  
OFF or ON  
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DEFAULT  
PROPERTY  
DESCRIPTION  
Enables or disables the channel. Allows a channel  
SETTING RANGE  
SETTING  
CHANNEL  
ENABLED  
ON  
OFF or ON  
OFF or ON  
to be temporarily turned off without deleting it.  
Disables sampling of data parameters while  
CAL HOLD OFF  
OFF  
instrument is in calibration mode2.  
1 More with APICOM, but only the first six are displayed on the front panel).  
2 When enabled records are not recorded until the DAS_HOLD OFF period is passed after calibration mode. DAS_HOLD OFF SET in  
the VARS menu (see Section 5.8).  
7.1.1.1. Default DAS Channels  
A set of default Data Channels has been included in the analyzer’s software for logging NOx, NO and  
NO2 concentrations as well as certain predictive diagnostic data. For the software revision being shipped  
with the 9110T at the time of this writing, these default channels are:  
CONC: Samples NOx concentration at one minute intervals and stores an average every hour with a  
time and date stamp. Readings during calibration and calibration hold off are not included in the data.  
By default, the last 800 hourly averages are stored.  
CALDAT: Logs new slope and offset of NOX and NO measurements every time a zero or span  
calibration is performed and the result changes the value of the slope (triggering event: SLPCHG). The  
NOX stability (to evaluate if the calibration value was stable) as well as the converter efficiency (for  
trend reference) are also stored.  
This data channel will store data from the last 200 calibrations and can be used to document  
analyzer calibration and is useful for detect trends in slope and offset (instrument response) when  
performing predictive diagnostics as part of a regular maintenance schedule (See Section 11.1).  
The CALDAT channel collects data based on events (e.g. a calibration operation) rather than a  
timed interval and therefore does not represent any specific length of time. As with all data  
channels, a date and time stamp is recorded for every logged data point.  
CALCHECK: This channel logs concentrations and the stability each time a zero or span check (not  
calibration) is finished (triggered by exiting any calibration menu).  
The data of this channel enable the user to track the quality of zero and span responses over time  
and assist in evaluating the quality of zero and span gases and the analyzer’s noise specifications.  
The STABIL parameter documents if the analyzer response was stable at the point of the calibration  
check reading. The last 200 data points are retained.  
DIAG: Daily averages of temperature zones, flow and pressure data as well as some other diagnostic  
parameters (HVPS, AZERO).  
This data is useful for predictive diagnostics and maintenance of the 9110T.  
The last 1100 daily averages are stored to cover more than four years of analyzer performance.  
HIRES: Records one-minute, instantaneous data of all active parameters in the 9110T. Short-term  
trends as well as signal noise levels can be detected and documented.  
Readings during calibration and the calibration hold off period are included in the averages.  
The last 1500 data points are stored, which covers a little more than one day of continuous data  
acquisition.  
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These default data channels can be used as they are, or they can be customized from the front panel to fit  
a specific application. They can also be deleted to make room for custom user-programmed Data  
Channels.  
Appendix A lists the firmware-specific DAS configuration in plain-text format. This text file can either  
be loaded into APICOM and then modified and uploaded to the instrument or can be copied and pasted  
into a terminal program to be sent to the analyzer.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Sending a DAS configuration to the analyzer through its COM ports will  
replace the existing configuration and will delete all stored data. Back up  
any existing data and the DAS configuration before uploading new  
settings.  
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List of Channels  
List of Parameters  
STORE NUM  
SAMPLES  
PARAMETER  
MODE  
PRECISION  
Name:  
Event:  
Parameters:  
Report Period:  
NOXCNC1  
NOCNC1  
N2CNC1  
O2CONC  
STABIL  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
4
4
4
4
4
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
ON  
No. of Records:  
RS-232 Report:  
Channel Enabled:  
Cal Hold OFF:  
NXZSC1  
NXSLP1  
NXOFS1  
NOZSC1  
NOSLP1  
NOOFS1  
N2ZSC1  
CNVEF1  
STABIL  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
Name:  
Event:  
Parameters:  
No. of Records:  
RS-232 Report:  
Channel Enabled:  
Cal Hold OFF:  
NXCNC1  
NOCNC1  
N2CNC1  
STABIL  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
4
4
4
4
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
Name:  
Event:  
Parameters:  
No. of Records:  
RS-232 Report:  
Channel Enabled:  
Cal Hold OFF:  
SMPFLW  
O3FLOW  
RCPRES  
SMPPRS  
RCTEMP  
PMTTMP  
CNVTMP  
MFTEMP  
BOXTMP  
O2TEMP  
AZERO  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
Name:  
Event:  
Parameters:  
Report Period:  
No. of Records:  
RS-232 Report:  
Channel Enabled:  
Cal Hold OFF:  
HVPS  
NXCNC1  
NOCNC1  
N2CNC1  
STABIL  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
AVG  
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
SMPFLW  
O3FLOW  
RCPRES  
SMPPRS  
RCTEMP  
PMTTMP  
CNVTMP  
MFTEMP  
BOXTMP  
O2TEMP  
AZERO  
Name:  
Event:  
Parameters:  
Report Period:  
No. of Records:  
RS-232 Report:  
Channel Enabled:  
Cal Hold OFF:  
HVPS  
REFGND  
REF4096  
Figure 7-1:  
Default DAS Channels Setup  
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7.1.1.2. DAS Configuration Limits  
The number of DAS objects are limited by the instrument’s finite storage capacity. For information  
regarding the maximum number of channels, parameters, and records and how to calculate the file size  
for each data channel, refer to the DAS manual downloadable from the Teledyne website at  
http://www.teledyne-api.com/manuals/ under Special Manuals.  
7.1.2. VIEWING DAS DATA AND SETTINGS  
DAS data and settings can be viewed on the front panel through the following menu sequence.  
SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NOX= XXXX  
SETUP  
DAS VIEW – Touchscreen Functions  
<TST TST> CAL  
Button  
FUNCTION  
Concentration field  
displays all gases.  
Moves the VIEW backward 10 record  
Moves the VIEW backward 1 records or channel  
Moves the VIEW forward 1 record or channel  
Moves the VIEW forward 10 records  
PV10  
PREV  
NEXT  
NX10  
<PRM  
PRM>  
SETUP X.X  
PRIMARY SETUP MENU  
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
DATA ACQUISITION  
Selects the previous parameter on the list  
Selects the next parameter on the list  
VIEW EDIT  
Buttons only appear when applicable.  
SETUP X.X  
CONC: DATA AVAILABLE  
NEXT VIEW  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
101:21:00 NXCNC1=59.0346 PPB  
PV10 PREV NX10 NEXT <PRM PRM>  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
101:22:00 NXCNC1=000.0000 PPB  
SETUP X.X  
101:21:00 NOCNC1=22.0934 PPB  
EXIT  
PV10 PREV NX10 NEXT <PRM PRM>  
EXIT  
PV10 PREV NX10 NEXT <PRM PRM>  
SETUP X.X  
CALDAT: DATA AVAILABLE  
NEXT VIEW  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
101:19:45 NXZSC1=401.0346  
PV10 PREV NX10 NEXT <PRM PRM>  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
102:04:55 NXZSC1=400.9868  
SETUP X.X  
101:19:45 NXSLP1=0.9987 PPB  
PV10 PREV NX10 NEXT <PRM PRM>  
EXIT  
PV10 PREV NX10 NEXT <PRM PRM>  
EXIT  
Continue pressing NEXT to view remaining  
DAS channels  
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7.1.3. EDITING DAS DATA CHANNELS  
DAS configuration is most conveniently done through the APICOM remote control program. The  
following list of button strokes shows how to edit using the front panel.  
When editing the data channels, the top line of the display indicates some of the configuration  
parameters.  
For example, the display line:  
0) NXCNC1: ATIMER, 5, 800  
Translates to the following configuration:  
Channel No.: 0  
NAME: NXCNC1  
TRIGGER EVENT: ATIMER  
PARAMETERS: Five parameters are included in this channel  
EVENT: This channel is set up to store 800 records.  
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7.1.3.1. Editing DAS Data Channel Names  
To edit the name of a DAS data channel, follow the instruction shown in Section 7.1.3 then press:  
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7.1.3.2. Editing DAS Triggering Events  
Triggering events define when and how the DAS records a measurement of any given data channel.  
Triggering events are firmware-specific and a complete list of Triggers for this model analyzer can be  
found in Appendix A-5. The most commonly used triggering events are:  
ATIMER: Sampling at regular intervals specified by an automatic timer. Most trending information is  
usually stored at such regular intervals, which can be instantaneous or averaged.  
EXITZR, EXITSP, and SLPCHG (exit zero, exit span, slope change): Sampling at the end of  
(irregularly occurring) calibrations or when the response slope changes. These triggering events  
create instantaneous data points, e.g., for the new slope and offset (concentration response) values  
at the end of a calibration. Zero and slope values are valuable to monitor response drift and to  
document when the instrument was calibrated.  
WARNINGS: Some data may be useful when stored if one of several warning messages appears  
such as WTEMPW (GFC wheel temperature warning). This is helpful for troubleshooting by  
monitoring when a particular warning occurred.  
To edit the list of data parameters associated with a specific data channel, follow the instruction shown  
in Section 7.1.3 then press:  
Note  
A full list of DAS Trigger Events can be found in Appendix A-5 of this  
manual.  
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7.1.3.3. Editing DAS Parameters  
Data parameters are types of data that may be measured and stored by the DAS. For each TAI's analyzer  
model, the list of available data parameters is different, fully defined and not customizable. Appendix  
A-5 lists firmware specific data parameters for the 9110T. DAS parameters include data such as NOx,  
NO and NO2 concentration measurements, temperatures of the various heaters placed around the  
analyzer, pressures and flows of the pneumatic subsystem and other diagnostic measurements as well as  
calibration data such as stability, slope and offset.  
Most data parameters have associated measurement units, such as mV, ppb, cm³/min, etc., although  
some parameters have no units (e.g. SLOPE). With the exception of concentration readings, none of  
these units of measure can be changed. To change the units of measure for concentration readings, see  
Section 5.4.3.4.  
Note  
DAS does not keep track of the units (i.e. PPM or PPB) of each  
concentration value. Therefore, DAS data files may contain concentration  
data recorded in more than one type of unit if the units of measure were  
changed during data acquisition  
Each data parameter has user-configurable functions that define how the data are recorded which are  
listed in Table 7-3:  
Table 7-3: DAS Data Parameter Functions  
FUNCTION  
EFFECT  
PARAMETER  
Instrument specific parameter name.  
SAMPLE MODE  
INST: Records instantaneous reading.  
AVG: Records average reading during reporting interval.  
SDEV: Records the standard deviation of the data points recorded during the reporting interval.  
MIN: Records minimum (instantaneous) reading during reporting interval.  
MAX: Records maximum (instantaneous) reading during reporting interval.  
PRECISION  
0 to 4: Sets the number of digits to the right decimal point for each record.  
Example: Setting 4; “399.9865 PPB”  
Setting 0; “400 PPB”  
STORE NUM.  
SAMPLES  
OFF: Stores only the average (default).  
ON: Stores the average and the number of samples in used to compute the value of the  
parameter. This property is only useful when the AVG sample mode is used. Note that the  
number of samples is the same for all parameters in one channel and needs to be specified  
only for one of the parameters in that channel.  
Users can specify up to 50 parameters per data channel (the 9110T provides about 40 parameters).  
However, the number of parameters and channels is ultimately limited by available memory.  
Data channels can be edited individually from the front panel without affecting other data channels.  
However, when editing a data channel, such as during adding, deleting or editing parameters, all data for  
that particular channel will be lost, because the DAS can store only data of one format (number of  
parameter columns etc.) for any given channel. In addition, a DAS configuration can only be uploaded  
remotely as an entire set of channels. Hence, remote update of the DAS will always delete all current  
channels and stored data.  
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To modify, add or delete a parameter, follow the instruction shown in Section 7.1.3 then press:  
Starting at the EDIT CHANNEL MENU  
DAS EDIT – Touchscreen Functions  
Button  
PREV  
NEXT  
<SET  
FUNCTION  
SETUP X.X  
0) CONC: ATIMER 5, 800  
Selects the previous data channel or parameter  
Selects the next data channel or parameter  
Selects the previous property to be edited  
Selects the next property to be edited  
PREV NEXT  
INS DEL EDIT PRNT EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
NAME: CONC  
SET>  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
Inserts a new data channel or parameter into the list  
BEFORE the selected channel  
INS  
Deletes the currently selected data channel or  
parameter  
DEL  
Continue pressing <SET or SET> until ...  
Enters EDIT mode  
EDIT  
Exports the configuration of all data channels to the  
RS-232 interface  
PRINT  
Buttons only appear when applicable  
SETUP X.X  
PARAMETER:5  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
EDIT PARAMS (DELETE DATA)?  
NO retains the  
YES deletes all data  
currently stored for  
this data channel and  
continues into EDIT  
mode.  
YES NO  
data and  
returns to the  
previous  
menu.  
SETUP X.X  
0) PARAM=NXCNC1, MODE=AVG  
EXIT discards the new  
PREV NEXT  
INS DEL EDIT  
EXIT  
setting.  
Toggle these  
buttons to select a  
different parameter.  
ENTR accepts the  
new setting.  
SETUP X.X  
PARAMETER:NXCNC1  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
PARAMETER:NXCNC1  
PREV NEXT  
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle these buttons to  
cycle through the list of  
available parameters.  
SETUP X.X  
SAMPLE MODE:AVG  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
PARAMETER:NXCNC1  
INST AVG SDEV MIN MAX  
ENTR EXIT  
Pressing <SET  
returns to the  
Press the desired  
MODE button.  
previous Function.  
SETUP X.X  
PRECISION:4  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
PRECISION:5  
5
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle this button to  
set from 1 to 4.  
SETUP X.X  
STOR NUM SAMPLE:OFF  
EDIT  
<SET  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
STOR NUM SAMPLE:OFF  
OFF  
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle this button to  
turn ON/OFF.  
Note  
When the STORE NUM SAMPLES feature is turned on, the instrument will  
store the number of measurements that were used to compute the AVG,  
SDEV, MIN or MAX value but not the actual measurements themselves.  
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7.1.3.4. Editing Sample Period and Report Period  
The DAS defines two principal time periods by which sample readings are taken and permanently  
recorded:  
SAMPLE PERIOD: Determines how often DAS temporarily records a sample reading of the  
parameter in volatile memory. SAMPLE PERIOD is only used when the DAS parameter’s sample  
mode is set for AVG, SDEV, MIN or MAX.  
The SAMPLE PERIOD is set to one minute by default and generally cannot be accessed from the  
standard DAS front panel menu, but is available via the instruments communication ports by using  
APICOM or the analyzer’s standard serial data protocol.  
REPORT PERIOD: Sets how often the sample readings stored in volatile memory are processed,  
(e.g. average, minimum or maximum are calculated) and the results stored permanently in the  
instruments Disk-on-Module (DOM) as well as transmitted via the analyzer’s communication ports.  
The Report Period may be set from the front panel. If the INST sample mode is selected the  
instrument stores and reports an instantaneous reading of the selected parameter at the end of the  
chosen report period.  
Note  
In AVG, SDEV, MIN or MAX sample modes (see Section 7.1.3.3), the  
settings for the Sample Period and the Report Period determine the  
number of data points used each time the parameters are calculated,  
stored and reported to the COMM ports.  
The actual sample readings are not stored past the end of the chosen  
report period.  
When the STORE NUM SAMPLES feature is turned on, the instrument will  
store the number of measurements that were used to compute the AVG,  
SDEV, MIN or MAX value but not the actual measurements themselves.  
To define the REPORT PERIOD, follow the instruction shown in Section 7.1.3 then press:  
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The SAMPLE PERIOD and REPORT PERIOD intervals are synchronized to the beginning and end  
of the appropriate interval of the instruments internal clock.  
If SAMPLE PERIOD is set for one minute the first reading would occur at the beginning of the next  
full minute according to the instrument’s internal clock.  
If the REPORT PERIOD is set for of one hour, the first report activity would occur at the beginning of  
the next full hour according to the instrument’s internal clock.  
EXAMPLE:  
Given the above settings, if DAS parameters are activated at 7:57:35 the first sample would occur at 7:58  
and the first report would be calculated at 8:00 consisting of data points for 7:58. 7:59 and 8:00.  
During the next hour (from 8:01 to 9:00), the instrument will take a sample reading every minute and  
include 60 sample readings.  
7.1.3.5. Report Periods in Progress when Instrument Is Powered Off  
If the instrument is powered off in the middle of a REPORT PERIOD, the samples accumulated during  
that period are lost. Once the instrument is turned back on, the DAS restarts taking samples and  
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temporarily stores them in volatile memory as part of the REPORT PERIOD currently active at the  
time of restart. At the end of this REPORT PERIOD, only the sample readings taken since the  
instrument was turned back on will be included in any AVG, SDEV, MIN or MAX calculation.  
The STORE NUM SAMPLES feature will also report the number of sample readings taken since the  
instrument was restarted.  
7.1.3.6. Editing the Number of Records  
The number of data records in the DAS is limited to about a cumulative one million data points in all  
channels (one megabyte of space on the DOM). However, the actual number of records is also limited  
by the total number of parameters and channels and other settings in the DAS configuration. Every  
additional data channel, parameter, number of samples setting etc. will reduce the maximum amount of  
data points. In general, however, the maximum data capacity is divided amongst all channels (max: 20)  
and parameters (max: 50 per channel).  
The DAS will check the amount of available data space and prevent the user from specifying too many  
records at any given point. If, for example, the DAS memory space can accommodate 375 more data  
records, the ENTR button will disappear when trying to specify more than that number of records. This  
check for memory space may also make an upload of a DAS configuration with APICOM or a terminal  
program fail, if the combined number of records would be exceeded. In this case, it is suggested to  
either try to determine what the maximum number of records available is using the front panel interface  
or use trial-and-error in designing the DAS script or calculate the number of records using the DAS or  
APICOM manuals.  
To set the NUMBER OF RECORDS, follow the instruction shown in Section 7.1.3 then press:  
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7.1.3.7. RS-232 Report Function  
The DAS can automatically report data to the communications ports, where they can be captured with a  
terminal emulation program or simply viewed by the user using the APICOM software.  
To enable automatic COMM port reporting, follow the instruction shown in Section 7.1.3 then press:  
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Starting at the EDIT CHANNEL MENU  
SETUP X.X  
0) CONC: ATIMER 5, 800  
PREV NEXT  
INS DEL EDIT PRNT EXIT  
Use the PREV and  
NEXT buttons to  
scroll to the DATA  
CHANNEL to be  
edited.  
SETUP X.X  
NAME: CONC  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
Continue pressing <SET or SET> until ...  
SETUP X.X  
RS-232 REPORT: OFF  
<SET SET> EDIT PRNT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
RS-232 REPORT: OFF  
EXIT discards the new  
OFF  
ENTR EXIT  
setting.  
Toggle these buttons  
to turn the RS-232  
REPORT feature  
ON/OFF.  
ENTR accepts the  
new setting.  
7.1.3.8. HOLDOFF Feature  
The DAS HOLDOFF feature prevents data collection during calibration operations.  
To enable or disable the HOLDOFF, follow the instruction shown in Section 7.1.3 then press:  
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HOLDOFF also prevents DAS measurements from being made at certain times when the quality of the  
analyzer’s O3 measurements may be suspect (e.g. while the instrument is warming up). In this case, the  
length of time that the HOLDOFF feature is active is determined by the value of the internal variable  
(VARS), DAS_HOLDOFF.  
To set the length of the DAS_HOLDOFF period, go to the SETUP>MORE>VARS menu and at the  
DAS_HOLDOFF parameter (see Table 5-3), press the Edit button.  
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7.1.3.9. The Compact Report Feature  
When enabled, this option avoids unnecessary line breaks on all RS-232 reports. Instead of reporting  
each parameter in one channel on a separate line, up to five parameters are reported in one line.  
The COMPACT DATA REPORT generally cannot be accessed from the standard DAS front panel  
menu, but is available via the instrument’s communication ports by using APICOM or the analyzer’s  
standard serial data protocol.  
7.1.3.10. The Starting Date Feature  
This option allows the user to specify a starting date for any given channel when the user wants to start  
data acquisition only after a certain time and date. If the STARTING DATE is in the past (the default  
condition), the DAS ignores this setting and begins recording data as defined by the REPORT PERIOD  
setting.  
The STARTING DATE generally cannot be accessed from the standard DAS front panel menu, but is  
available via the instrument’s communication ports by using APICOM or the analyzer’s standard serial  
data protocol.  
7.1.3.11. Disabling/Enabling Data Channels  
Data channels can be temporarily disabled, which can reduce the read/write wear on the Disk-on-Module  
(DOM).  
To disable a data channel, go to the DAS>EDIT menu as shown in Section 7.1.3 then continue as  
follows:  
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7.2. REMOTE DAS CONFIGURATION  
The DAS can be configured and operated remotely via either the APICOM interface or a terminal  
emulation program. Once a DAS configuration is edited (which can be done offline and without  
interrupting DAS data collection), it is conveniently uploaded to the instrument and can be stored on a  
computer for later review, alteration or documentation and archival.  
7.2.1. DAS CONFIGURATION VIA APICOM  
Table 7-2 shows examples of APICOM’s main interface, which emulates the look and functionality of  
the instrument’s actual front panel. Figure 7-3 shows an example of APICOM being used to remotely  
configure the DAS feature.  
The APICOM user manual (Teledyne P/N 039450000) is included in the APICOM installation file,  
which can be downloaded at http://www.teledyne-api.com/software/apicom/.  
Figure 7-2:  
APICOM Remote Control Program Interface  
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Figure 7-3:  
Sample APICOM User Interface for Configuring the DAS  
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7.2.2. DAS CONFIGURATION VIA TERMINAL EMULATION PROGRAMS  
Although TAI recommends the use of APICOM, the DAS can also be accessed and configured through a  
terminal emulation program such as HyperTerminal (see Figure 7-4 for example). It is best to start by  
downloading the default DAS configuration, getting familiar with its command structure and syntax  
conventions, and then altering a copy of the original file offline before uploading the new configuration.  
Figure 7-4:  
DAS Configuration Through a Terminal Emulation Program  
See Section 8.2.1 for configuration commands and their strict syntax. Commands can be pasted in from  
of an existing text file, which was first edited offline and then uploaded through a specific transfer  
procedure.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Whereas the editing, adding and deleting of DAS channels and  
parameters of one channel through the front-panel control buttons can  
be done without affecting the other channels, uploading a DAS  
configuration script to the analyzer through its communication ports will  
erase all data, parameters and channels by replacing them with the new  
DAS configuration. Backup of data and the original DAS configuration is  
advised before attempting any DAS changes.  
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8. REMOTE OPERATION  
This section provides information needed when using external digital and serial I/O for remote operation.  
It assumes that the electrical connections have been made as described in Section 3.3.1.  
The T100 can be remotely configured, calibrated or queried for stored data through the serial ports, via  
either Computer mode (using a personal computer) or Interactive mode (using a terminal emulation  
program).  
8.1. COMPUTER MODE  
Computer Mode is used when the analyzer is connected to a computer with a dedicated interface  
program such as APICOM.  
8.1.1. REMOTE CONTROL VIA APICOM  
APICOM is an easy-to-use, yet powerful interface program that allows the user to access and control any  
of TAI's’ main line of ambient and stack-gas instruments from a remote connection through direct cable,  
modem or Ethernet. Running APICOM, a user can:  
Establish a link from a remote location to the 9110T through direct cable connection via RS-232  
modem or Ethernet.  
View the instrument’s front panel and remotely access all functions that could be accessed manually  
on the instrument.  
Remotely edit system parameters and set points.  
Download, view, graph and save data for predictive diagnostics or data analysis.  
Retrieve, view, edit, save and upload DAS configurations (Section 7.2.1).  
Check on system parameters for troubleshooting and quality control.  
APICOM is very helpful for initial setup, data analysis, maintenance and troubleshooting. Refer to the  
APICOM manual available for download from http://www.teledyne-api.com/software/apicom/.  
8.2. INTERACTIVE MODE  
Interactive mode is used with a terminal emulation programs or a “dumb” computer terminal.  
8.2.1. REMOTE CONTROL VIA A TERMINAL EMULATION PROGRAM  
Start a terminal emulation programs such as HyperTerminal. All configuration commands must be  
created following a strict syntax or be pasted in from a text file, which was edited offline and then  
uploaded through a specific transfer procedure. The commands that are used to operate the analyzer in  
this mode are listed in Table 8-1 and in Appendix A.  
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8.2.1.1. Help Commands in Interactive Mode  
Table 8-1: Terminal Mode Software Commands  
COMMAND  
Control-T  
Function  
Switches the analyzer to terminal mode (echo, edit). If mode flags 1 & 2 are OFF, the  
interface can be used in interactive mode with a terminal emulation program.  
Control-C  
Switches the analyzer to computer mode (no echo, no edit).  
CR  
A carriage return is required after each command line is typed into the terminal/computer.  
The command will not be sent to the analyzer to be executed until this is done. On  
personal computers, this is achieved by pressing the ENTER button.  
(carriage return)  
BS  
Erases one character to the left of the cursor location.  
(backspace)  
ESC  
Erases the entire command line.  
(escape)  
?[ID] CR  
This command prints a complete list of available commands along with the definitions of  
their functionality to the display device of the terminal or computer being used. The ID  
number of the analyzer is only necessary if multiple analyzers are on the same  
communications line, such as the multi-drop setup.  
Control-C  
Control-P  
Pauses the listing of commands.  
Restarts the listing of commands.  
8.2.1.2. Command Syntax  
Commands are not case-sensitive and all arguments within one command (i.e. ID numbers, key words,  
data values, etc.) must be separated with a space character.  
All Commands follow the syntax:  
X [ID] COMMAND <CR>  
Where:  
X
is the command type (one letter) that defines the type of command. Allowed  
designators are listed in Table 8-2 and Appendix A-6.  
[ID]  
is the machine identification number (Section 5.7.1). Example: the  
Command “? 200” followed by a carriage return would print the list of  
available commands for the revision of software currently installed in the  
instrument assigned ID Number 200.  
COMMANDis the command designator: This string is the name of the command being  
issued (LIST, ABORT, NAME, EXIT, etc.). Some commands may have  
additional arguments that define how the command is to be executed.  
Press ? <CR> or refer to Appendix A-6 for a list of available command  
designators  
<CR>  
is a carriage return. All commands must be terminated by a carriage return  
(usually achieved by pressing the ENTER button on a computer).  
Table 8-2:  
Teledyne API's Serial I/O Command Types  
COMMAND  
COMMAND TYPE  
Calibration  
C
D
Diagnostic  
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L
T
Logon  
Test measurement  
Variable  
V
W
Warning  
8.2.1.3. Data Types  
Data types consist of integers, hexadecimal integers, floating-point numbers, Boolean expressions and  
text strings.  
Integer data are used to indicate integral quantities such as a number of records, a filter length, etc.  
They consist of an optional plus or minus sign, followed by one or more digits. For example, +1, -12,  
123 are all valid integers.  
Hexadecimal integer data are used for the same purposes as integers. They consist of the two  
characters “0x,” followed by one or more hexadecimal digits (0-9, A-F, a-f), which is the ‘C’  
programming language convention. No plus or minus sign is permitted. For example, 0x1, 0x12,  
0x1234abcd are all valid hexadecimal integers.  
Floating-point numbers are used to specify continuously variable values such as temperature set points,  
time intervals, warning limits, voltages, etc. They consist of an optional plus or minus sign, followed by  
zero or more digits, an optional decimal point and zero or more digits. (At least one digit must appear  
before or after the decimal point.) Scientific notation is not permitted. For example, +1.0, 1234.5678, -  
0.1, 1 are all valid floating-point numbers.  
Boolean expressions are used to specify the value of variables or I/O signals that may assume only two  
values. They are denoted by the key words ON and OFF.  
Text strings are used to represent data that cannot be easily represented by other data types, such as data  
channel names, which may contain letters and numbers. They consist of a quotation mark, followed by  
one or more printable characters, including spaces, letters, numbers, and symbols, and a final quotation  
mark. For example, “a”, “1”, “123abc”, and “()[]<>” are all valid text strings. It is not possible to  
include a quotation mark character within a text string.  
Some commands allow you to access variables, messages, and other items. When using these  
commands, you must type the entire name of the item; you cannot abbreviate any names.  
8.2.1.4. Status Reporting  
Reporting of status messages as an audit trail is one of the three principal uses for the RS-232 interface  
(the other two being the command line interface for controlling the instrument and the download of data  
in electronic format). You can effectively disable the reporting feature by setting the interface to quiet  
mode (Section 6.2.1, Table 6-1).  
Status reports include warning messages, calibration and diagnostic status messages. Refer to Appendix  
A-3 for a list of the possible messages, and this for information on controlling the instrument through the  
RS-232 interface.  
8.2.1.5. General Message Format  
All messages from the instrument (including those in response to a command line request) are in the  
format:  
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X DDD:HH:MM [Id] MESSAGE<CRLF>  
Where:  
X
is a command type designator, a single character indicating the  
message type, as shown in the Table 8-2.  
DDD:HH:MM is the time stamp, the date and time when the message was issued. It  
consists of the Day-of-year (DDD) as a number from 1 to 366, the hour  
of the day (HH) as a number from 00 to 23, and the minute (MM) as a  
number from 00 to 59.  
[ID]  
is the analyzer ID, a number with 1 to 4 digits.  
MESSAGE  
is the message content that may contain warning messages, test  
measurements, variable values, etc.  
<CRLF>  
is a carriage return / line feed pair, which terminates the message.  
The uniform nature of the output messages makes it easy for a host computer to parse them into an easy  
structure. Keep in mind that the front panel display does not give any information on the time a message  
was issued, hence it is useful to log such messages for troubleshooting and reference purposes. Terminal  
emulation programs such as HyperTerminal can capture these messages to text files for later review.  
8.3. REMOTE ACCESS BY MODEM  
The 9110T can be connected to a modem for remote access. This requires a cable between the  
analyzer’s COMM port and the modem, typically a DB-9F to DB-25M cable (available from TAI with  
P/N WR0000024).  
Once the cable has been connected, check to ensure that:  
The DTE-DCE is in the DCE position.  
The 9110T COMM port is set for a baud rate that is compatible with the modem,  
The Modem is designed to operate with an 8-bit word length with one stop bit.  
The MODEM ENABLE communication mode is turned ON (Mode 64, see Section 6.2.1).  
Once this is completed, the appropriate setup command line for your modem can be entered into the  
analyzer. The default setting for this feature is:  
AT Y0 D0 H0 I0 S0=0  
This string can be altered to match your modem’s initialization and can be up to 100 characters long.  
To change this setting press:  
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Figure 8-1:  
To initialize the modem press:  
Remote Access by Modem  
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SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NOX= XXXX  
SETUP  
<TST TST> CAL  
Concentration field  
displays all gases.  
SETUP X.X  
PRIMARY SETUP MENU  
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
SECONDARY SETUP MENU  
COMM VARS DIAG  
EXIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
COMMUNICATIONS MENU  
ID  
COM1 COM2  
SETUP X.X  
COM1 MODE:0  
<SET SET> EDIT  
Continue pressing <SET or SET> until ...  
SETUP X.X  
COM1: INITIALIZE MODEM  
ENTR EXIT  
<SET SET> INIT  
SETUP X.X  
SETUP X.X  
INITIALIZING MODE  
MODEM INITIALIZED  
Test runs  
automatically.  
PREV NEXT OFF  
EXIT  
If there is a problem initializing the  
modem the message,  
“MODEM NOT INITIALIZED”  
will appear.  
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8.4. PASSWORD SECURITY FOR SERIAL REMOTE  
COMMUNICATIONS  
In order to provide security for remote access of the 9110T, a LOGON feature can be enabled to require  
a password before the instrument will accept commands. This is done by turning on the SECURITY  
MODE (refer to Section 5.5). Once the SECURITY MODE is enabled, the following items apply.  
A password is required before the port will respond or pass on commands.  
If the port is inactive for one hour, it will automatically logoff, which can also be achieved with the  
LOGOFF command.  
Three unsuccessful attempts to log on with an incorrect password will cause subsequent logins to  
be disabled for 1 hour, even if the correct password is used.  
If not logged on, the only active command is the '?' request for the help screen.  
The following messages will be returned at logon:  
LOGON SUCCESSFUL - Correct password given  
LOGON FAILED - Password not given or incorrect  
LOGOFF SUCCESSFUL - Connection terminated successfully  
To log on to the 9110T analyzer with SECURITY MODE feature enabled, type:  
LOGON 940331  
940331 is the default password. To change the default password, use the variable RS-232_PASS issued  
as follows:  
V RS-232_PASS=NNNNNN  
Where N is any numeral between 0 and 9.  
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9. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES  
This section contains information for calibrating a 9110T NOx Analyzer as well as other supporting  
information. For information on EPA protocol calibration, please refer to Section 10. This section is  
organized as follows:  
SECTION 9.1 – Before Calibration  
This section contains general information you should know before about calibrating the analyzer.  
SECTION 9.2 – Manual Calibration Checks and Calibration of the 9110T Analyzer in its Base  
Configuration  
This section describes:  
The procedure for checking the calibrating of the 9110T and calibrating the instrument with  
no zero/span valves installed or if installed, not operating. It requires that zero air and span  
gas be installed through the Sample port.  
Instructions for selecting the reporting range to be calibrated when the 9110T analyzer is set  
to operate in either the IND or AUTO reporting range modes.  
SECTION 9.3 – Manual Calibration with the Internal Span Gas Generator  
This section describes:  
The procedure for manually checking the calibration of the instrument with optional internal  
span gas generator installed.  
The procedure for manually calibrating the instrument using the optional internal span gas  
generator.  
This practice is not approved by the US EPA.  
SECTION 9.4 – Manual Calibration and Cal Checks with the Valve Options Installed  
This section describes:  
The procedure for manually checking the calibration of the instrument with optional  
zero/span valves option installed.  
The procedure for manually calibrating the instrument with zero/span valves and operating.  
Instructions on activating the zero/span valves via the control in contact closures of the  
analyzers external digital I/O.  
SECTION 9.5 – Automatic Zero/Span Cal/Check (AutoCal)  
This section describes:  
The procedure for using the AutoCal feature of the analyzer to check or calibrate the  
instrument.  
The AutoCal feature requires that either the zero/span valve option or the internal span gas  
generator option be installed and operating.  
SECTION 9.6 – Calibration Quality Analysis  
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This section describes how to judge the effectiveness of a recently performed calibration.  
SECTION 9.7 – Gas Flow Calibration  
This section describes how to adjust the gas flow calculations made by the CPU based on pressure and  
flow sensor readings.  
Note  
Throughout this Section are various diagrams showing pneumatic  
connections between the 9110T and various other pieces of equipment  
such as calibrators and zero air sources.  
These diagrams are only intended to be schematic representations of  
these connections and do not reflect actual physical locations of  
equipment and fitting location or orientation.  
Contact your regional EPA or other appropriate governing agency for  
more detailed recommendations.  
9.1. BEFORE CALIBRATION  
The calibration procedures in this section assume that the range mode, analog range and units of measure  
have already been selected for the analyzer. If this has not been done, please do so before continuing  
(see Section 5.4.3 for instructions).  
Note  
If any problems occur while performing the following calibration  
procedures, refer to Section 12.1 for troubleshooting tips.  
9.1.1. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND EXPENDABLES  
Calibration of the 9110T NOx Analyzer requires:  
Zero-air source.  
Span gas source.  
Gas lines - all gas line materials should be stainless steel or Teflon-type (PTFE or FEP).  
High-concentration NO gas transported over long distances may require stainless steel to  
avoid oxidation of NO due to the possibility of O2 diffusing into the tubing.  
A recording device such as a strip-chart recorder and/or data logger (optional).  
For electronic documentation, the internal data acquisition system (DAS) can be used.  
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9.1.2. CALIBRATION GASES  
9.1.2.1. Zero Air  
Zero air or zero calibration gas is defined as a gas that is similar in chemical composition to the  
measured medium but without the gas to be measured by the analyzer.  
For the 9110T, this means zero air should be devoid of NO, NO2, CO2, NH3 or H2O vapor.  
Note  
Moderate amounts of NH3 and H2O can be removed from the sample gas  
stream by installing the optional sample gas dryer/scrubber (see Section  
3.3.2.6).  
If your application is not a measurement in ambient air, the zero calibration gas should be matched  
to the composition of the gas being measured.  
Pure nitrogen (N2) could be used as a zero gas for applications where NOX is measured in nitrogen.  
If your analyzer is equipped with an external zero air scrubber option, it is capable of creating zero  
air from ambient air.  
For analyzers without the external zero air scrubber, a zero air generator such as the Teledyne Model 701  
can be used. Please visit the company website for more information.  
If your analyzer is equipped with an external zero air scrubber option, it is capable of creating zero air  
from ambient air.  
If your application is not a measurement in ambient air, the zero calibration gas should be matched  
to the composition of the gas being measured.  
Pure nitrogen could be used as a zero gas for applications where NOX is measured in nitrogen.  
9.1.2.2. Span Gas  
Calibration gas is a gas specifically mixed to match the chemical composition of the type of gas being  
measured at near full scale of the desired reporting range. To measure NOX with the 9110T NOX  
analyzer, it is recommended that you use a span gas with an NO concentration equal to 80% of the  
measurement range for your application  
EXAMPLE:  
If the application is to measure NOX in ambient air between 0 ppm and 500 ppb, an appropriate  
span gas would be 400 ppb.  
If the application is to measure NOX in ambient air between 0 ppm and 1000 ppb, an appropriate  
span gas would be 800 ppb.  
We strongly recommend that span calibration be carried out with NO span gas. Alternatively it is  
possible to use NO2 gas in a gas phase titration (GPT) calibration system (see Section 10.5).  
Even though NO gas mixed into in nitrogen gas (N2) could be used as a span gas, the matrix of the  
balance gas is different and may cause interference problems or yield incorrect calibrations.  
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The same applies to gases that contain high concentrations of other compounds (for example, CO2  
or H2O).  
Note  
The span gas should match all concentrations of all gases of the  
measured medium as closely as possible.  
Cylinders of calibrated NOx and NO gas traceable to NIST-standards specifications (also referred to as EPA  
protocol calibration gases or Standard Reference Materials) are commercially available. For a list of these  
gases see Table 3-8).  
9.1.2.3. Span Gas for Multipoint Calibration  
Some applications, such as EPA monitoring, require a multipoint calibration where span gases of  
different concentrations are needed. We recommend using an NO gas of higher concentration combined  
with a gas dilution calibrator such as a Teledyne Model T700. For more information see Section 3.3.2.1  
and Section 10.  
9.1.2.4. NO2 Permeation Tubes  
TAI offers an optional internal span gas generator that utilizes an NO2 permeation tube as a span gas  
source. The accuracy of these devices is only about ±5%.  
Whereas this may be sufficient for quick, daily calibration checks, we recommend using certified NO  
gases for accurate calibration.  
Note  
The use of permeation tubes is not approved by the US EPA as calibration  
sources for performing actual calibration of the analyzers used in EPA  
mandated monitoring.  
CAUTION!  
Insufficient gas flow allows gas to build up to levels that will contaminate  
the instrument or present a safety hazard to personnel.  
In units with a permeation tube option installed, either the tube must be  
removed and stored in sealed container (use original container that tube  
was shipped in) during periods of non-operation, or vacuum pump must  
be connected and powered on to maintain constant gas flow though the  
analyzer at all times.  
(See Figure 3-6 for location and Section 11.3.6 for instructions on how to remove the  
perm tube when the unit is not in operation).  
9.1.3. DATA RECORDING DEVICES  
A strip chart recorder, data acquisition system or digital data acquisition system should be used to record  
data from the serial or analog outputs of the 9110T.  
If analog readings are used, the response of the recording system should be checked against a  
NIST traceable voltage source or meter.  
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Data recording devices should be capable of bi-polar operation so that negative readings can be  
recorded.  
For electronic data recording, the 9110T provides an internal data acquisition system (DAS), which is  
described in detail in Section 7.  
APICOM, a remote control program, is also provided as a convenient and powerful tool for data  
handling, download, storage, quick check and plotting (see Sections 7.2.1, and the APICOM software  
manual downloadable from:  
http://www,tekedtbe-api.com/manuals ).  
9.1.4. NO2 CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (CE)  
In order for the NO2 converter to function properly, oxygen must be present in the sample stream. In  
addition, to ensure accurate operation of the 9110T, it is important to check the NO2 conversion  
efficiency (CE) periodically and to update this value as necessary.  
See Section 12.7.10 for instructions on checking or calculating the current NO2 NO converter  
efficiency using 9110T’s onboard firmware.  
See Section 12.7.11 for instructions on checking or calculating the current NO2 NO converter  
efficiency using a simplified Gas Phase Titration Method.  
9.2. MANUAL CALIBRATION CHECKS AND CALIBRATION OF  
THE 9110T ANALYZER IN ITS BASE CONFIGURATION  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
ZERO/SPAN CALIBRATION CHECKS VS. ZERO/SPAN CALIBRATION  
Pressing the ENTR button during the following procedure resets the  
stored values for OFFSET and SLOPE and alters the instrument’s  
Calibration.  
This should ONLY BE DONE during an actual calibration of the 9110T.  
NEVER press the ENTR button if you are only checking calibration..  
9.2.1. SETUP FOR BASIC CALIBRATION CHECKS AND CALIBRATION OF  
THE 9110T ANALYZER.  
Connect the sources of zero air and span gas as shown below in one of the following ways:  
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Figure 9-1: Set up for Manual Calibrations/Checks of 9110T’s in Base Configuration w/ a Gas Dilution  
Calibrator  
Figure 9-2:  
Set up for Manual Calibrations/Checks of 9110T’s in Base Configuration w/ Bottled Gas  
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9.2.2. PERFORMING A BASIC MANUAL CALIBRATION CHECK  
Note  
If the ZERO or SPAN buttons are not displayed, the measurement made is  
outside the allowable range for a reliable calibration.  
See Section 12 for troubleshooting tips.  
9.2.3. PERFORMING A BASIC MANUAL CALIBRATION  
The following section describes the basic method for manually calibrating the 9110T NOX analyzer.  
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If the analyzer’s reporting range is set for the AUTO range mode, a step will appear for selecting which  
range is to be calibrated (LOW or HIGH). Each of these two ranges MUST be calibrated separately.  
9.2.3.1. Setting the Expected Span Gas Concentration  
Note  
The expected concentrations for both NOx and NO are usually set to the  
same value unless the conversion efficiency is not equal to 1.000 or not  
entered properly in the conversion efficiency setting.  
When setting expected concentration values, consider impurities in your  
span gas source (e.g. NO often contains 1-3% NO2 and vice versa).  
The NO and NOx span gas concentrations should be 80% of range of concentration values likely to be  
encountered in your application. The default factory reporting range setting is 500 ppb and the default  
span gas concentration is 40.0 ppb.  
To set the span gas concentration, press:  
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9.2.3.2. Zero/Span Point Calibration Procedure  
Note  
If the ZERO or SPAN buttons are not displayed, the measurement made  
during is out of the allowable range allowed for a reliable calibration. See  
Section 12 for troubleshooting tips.  
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9.3. MANUAL CALIBRATION WITH THE INTERNAL SPAN GAS  
GENERATOR  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
The internal span gas generator’s NO2 permeation tube has a limited  
accuracy of about ±5%. In the USA this may be sufficient for informal  
calibration checks (Section 9.3.4), but it is NOT approved by the US EPA  
as a calibration source.  
9.3.1. PERFORMING “PRECISION” MANUAL CALIBRATION WHEN  
INTERNAL SPAN GAS (IZS) GENERATOR OPTION IS PRESENT  
It is necessary to perform a precision calibration using more accurate zero and span gas standards prior  
to IZS span calibration or cal check.  
To perform a precision calibration of the 9110T, connect external sources of zero air and calibrated span  
gas (Section 9.1.2) and temporarily disconnect the sample gas source as shown below; then follow the  
procedures described in Section 9.2.3.  
Figure 9-3: Pneumatic Connections for 9110T Precision Calibration when IZS Generator Present  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
IMPORTANT  
DO NOT USE THE CALZ or CALS buttons even though they will be visible,  
as this will cause the instrument to use the internal zero air and span gas.  
Instead, press the CAL button. This will cause the analyzer to use the  
external calibration gas sources.  
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9.3.2. SETUP FOR CALIBRATION WITH THE INTERNAL SPAN GAS  
GENERATOR  
Connect the sources of zero air and span gas as shown in Figure 9-4.  
Figure 9-4: Pneumatic Connections for Manual Calibration/Checks with the Internal Span Gas  
Generator  
9.3.3. CAL ON NO2 FEATURE  
When using the IZS option to calibrate the 9110T, the analyzer’s CAL_ON_NO2 feature must be turned  
on. This feature enables a continuous zero gas flow across the IZS permeation tube and through the NO2  
converter. It also programs the analyzer to use the NO output from the NO2 converter to calibrate the  
span value of both NO and NOX.  
Note  
This feature should only be enabled when a span calibration or calibration  
check is performed.  
While CAL_ON_NO2 is enabled, the NO2 concentration will always be reported as zero. This is  
because the gas is continuously routed through the NO2 converter and the analyzer’s firmware simulates  
calibration with NO gas.  
Table 9-1: IZS Option Valve States with CAL_ON_NO2 Turned ON  
Valve  
Sample/Cal  
Condition  
Open to zero/span valve  
Open to SPAN GAS inlet  
Open to NO2 converter  
Cycles normally  
Valve Port Connections  
1 2  
1 2  
1 2  
N/A  
Zero/Span  
NO/NOx Valve  
Auto Zero Valve  
Since the instrument sees the same concentration of NO during both NO and NOX cycles, it reports an  
NO2 concentration of zero.  
TO turn the CAL_ON_NO2 feature ON/OFF, press:  
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SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NO=XXXX  
<TST TST>  
CAL  
SETUP  
SETUP X.X  
PRIMARY SETUP MENU  
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
SECONDARY SETUP MENU  
COMM VARS DIAG  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
ENTER PASSWORD:818  
Press EXIT  
3 times.  
8
1
8
ENTR EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
0) DAS_HOLD_OFF=15.0 Minutes  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
<PREV NEXT> JUMP  
Continue pressing NEXT until ...  
SETUP X.X  
09)CAL_ON_NO2=OFF  
<PREV NEXT> JUMP  
EDIT PRNT EXIT  
MODE FLD  
CAL_ON_NO2=OFF  
CONC  
ON  
ENTR EXIT  
Use this button to  
turn this feature  
ON/OFF.  
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9.3.4. PERFORMING A MANUAL CALIBRATION CHECK WITH THE  
INTERNAL SPAN GAS GENERATOR  
Note  
If the ZERO or SPAN buttons are not displayed, the measurement made is  
out of the allowable range for a reliable calibration. See Section 12 for  
troubleshooting tips.  
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9.3.5. PERFORMING A MANUAL CALIBRATION WITH THE INTERNAL  
SPAN GAS GENERATOR  
If the analyzer’s reporting range is set for the AUTO range mode, a step will appear for selecting which  
range is to be calibrated (LOW or HIGH). Each of these two ranges MUST be calibrated separately.  
9.3.5.1. Setting the Expected Span Gas Concentration  
Note  
The expected concentrations for both NOx and NO are usually set to the  
same value unless the conversion efficiency is not equal to 1.000 or not  
entered properly in the conversion efficiency setting.  
When setting expected concentration values, consider impurities in your  
span gas source (e.g. NO often contains 1-3% NO2 and vice versa).  
When calibrating the instrument using the internal permeation tube as a span gas source, it is necessary  
to know, as close as possible, the concentration value of the gas being outputted by the tube. To  
determine this value:  
1. Perform a precision calibration of the instrument as describes in Section 9.3.1.  
3. Perform a calibration check as described in Section 9.3.4.  
Record the value displayed for NO/NOx during the span check portion of the procedure.  
This will be the concentration value used in subsequent calibrations using the internal span  
gas source.  
It is a good idea to measure the permeation tube output once every 4 to 6 months.  
4. Ensure that the reporting range span point is set for a value at least 10% higher than the measured  
value of the permeation tube output  
To set the span gas concentration, press:  
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Calibration Procedures  
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Calibration Procedures  
9.3.5.2. Zero/Span Point Calibration Procedure with Internal Span Gas Generator  
If the ZERO or SPAN buttons are not displayed, the measurement made  
during during this procedure is out of the range allowed for a reliable  
Note  
calibration. See Section 12 for troubleshooting tips.  
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9.4. MANUAL CALIBRATION AND CAL CHECKS WITH THE  
VALVE OPTIONS INSTALLED  
There are a variety of valve options available on the 9110T for handling calibration gases (see Section  
1.4 for descriptions of each).  
Generally performing calibration checks and zero/span point calibrations on analyzers with these options  
installed is similar to the methods discussed in the previous sections. The primary differences are:  
On instruments with Z/S valve options, zero air and span gas is supplied to the analyzer through  
other gas inlets besides the sample gas inlet.  
The zero and span calibration operations are initiated directly and independently with dedicated  
buttons (CALZ & CALS).  
9.4.1. SETUP FOR CALIBRATION USING VALVE OPTIONS  
Each of the various calibration valve options requires a different pneumatic setup that is dependent on  
the exact nature and number of valves present. Refer to the following diagrams for information on each  
or these valve sets.  
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9.4.2. MANUAL CALIBRATION CHECKS WITH VALVE OPTIONS  
INSTALLED  
SAMPLE  
Set the Display to show  
the test  
<TST  
CAL CALZ CALS  
SETUP  
function.  
Analyzer display  
continues to cycle  
through all of the  
available gas  
This function calculates  
the stability of the NO/NOx  
measurement.  
Toggle  
button until ...  
measurements  
throughout this  
procedure.  
SAMPLE  
<TST TST> CAL  
CALS  
SETUP  
Wait until  
falls below 0.5 PPB.  
This may take several  
minutes.  
Record NOX, NO or NO2 zero point readings  
SAMPLE  
<TST TST> CAL CALZ  
SETUP  
The  
and/or  
Wait until  
falls below 0.5 PPB.  
buttons will appear at various  
points of this process.  
This may take several  
minutes.  
It is not necessary to press  
them.  
Record NOX, NO, NO2 span point readings  
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9.4.3. MANUAL CALIBRATION USING VALVE OPTIONS  
The following section describes the basic method for manually calibrating the 9110T NOX analyzer.  
If the analyzer’s reporting range is set for the AUTO range mode, a step will appear for selecting which  
range is to be calibrated (LOW or HIGH). Each of these two ranges MUST be calibrated separately.  
9.4.3.1. Setting the Expected Span Gas Concentration  
Note  
The expected concentrations for both NOx and NO are usually set to the  
same value unless the conversion efficiency is not equal to 1.000 or not  
entered properly in the conversion efficiency setting.  
When setting expected concentration values, consider impurities in your  
span gas source (e.g. NO often contains 1-3% NO2 and vice versa).  
The NO and NOx span gas concentrations should be 80% of range of concentration values likely to be  
encountered in your application. The default factory reporting range setting is 500 ppb and the default  
span gas concentration is 400.0 ppb.  
To set the span gas concentration, press:  
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9.4.3.2. Zero/Span Point Calibration Procedure  
If the ZERO or SPAN buttons are not displayed, the measurement made  
during is out of the allowable range allowed for a reliable calibration. See  
Section 12 for troubleshooting tips.  
Note  
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9.4.3.3. Use of Zero/Span Valve with Remote Contact Closure  
Contact closures for controlling calibration and calibration checks are located on the rear panel  
CONTROL IN connector. Instructions for setup and use of these contacts are found in Section 3.3.1.6.  
When the contacts are closed for at least 5 seconds, the instrument switches into zero, low span or high  
span mode and the internal zero/span valves will be automatically switched to the appropriate  
configuration.  
The remote calibration contact closures may be activated in any order.  
It is recommended that contact closures remain closed for at least 10 minutes to establish a reliable  
reading.  
The instrument will stay in the selected mode for as long as the contacts remain closed.  
If contact closures are being used in conjunction with the analyzer’s AutoCal (see Section 9.5) feature  
and the AutoCal attribute “CALIBRATE” is enabled, the 9110T will not re-calibrate the analyzer  
UNTIL when the contact is opened. At this point, the new calibration values will be recorded before the  
instrument returns to SAMPLE mode.  
If the AutoCal attribute “CALIBRATE” is disabled, the instrument will return to SAMPLE mode,  
leaving the instrument’s internal calibration variables unchanged.  
9.5. AUTOMATIC ZERO/SPAN CAL/CHECK (AUTOCAL)  
The AutoCal system allows unattended periodic operation of the ZERO/SPAN valve options by using  
the 9110T’s internal time of day clock. AutoCal operates by executing SEQUENCES programmed by  
the user to initiate the various calibration modes of the analyzer and open and close valves appropriately.  
It is possible to program and run up to three separate sequences (SEQ1, SEQ2 and SEQ3). Each  
sequence can operate in one of three modes, or be disabled.  
Table 9-2: AUTOCAL Modes  
MODE NAME  
DISABLED  
ZERO  
ACTION  
Disables the Sequence.  
Causes the Sequence to perform a Zero calibration/check.  
Causes the Sequence to perform a Zero point  
calibration/check followed by a Span point  
calibration/check.  
ZERO-SPAN  
SPAN  
Causes the Sequence to perform a Span concentration  
calibration/check only.  
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For each mode, there are seven parameters that control operational details of the SEQUENCE. They  
are:  
Table 9-3: AutoCal Attribute Setup Parameters  
ATTRIBUTE  
ACTION  
TIMER  
ENABLED  
Turns on the Sequence timer.  
STARTING DATE Sequence will operate after Starting Date.  
STARTING TIME Time of day sequence will run.  
Number of days to skip between each Sequence execution.  
DELTA DAYS  
DELTA TIME  
If set to 7, for example, the AutoCal feature will be enabled once  
every week on the same day.  
Number of hours later each “Delta Days” Sequence is to be run.  
If set to 0, the sequence will start at the same time each day. Delta  
Time is added to Delta Days for the total time between cycles.  
This parameter prevents the analyzer from being calibrated at the  
same daytime of each calibration day and prevents a lack of data for  
one particular daytime on the days of calibration  
Number of minutes the sequence operates.  
This parameter needs to be set such that there is enough time for the  
concentration signal to stabilize.  
The STB parameter shows if the analyzer response is stable at the  
end of the calibration.  
DURATION  
CALIBRATE  
This parameter is logged with calibration values in the DAS.  
Enable to do a calibration – Disable to do a cal check only.  
For analyzers with internal span gas generators installed and  
functioning, when used in US EPA applications, this setting must be  
set to OFF.  
LOW calibrates the low range, HIGH calibrates the high range. Applies  
RANGE TO CAL only to auto and remote range modes; this property is not available in  
single and independent range modes.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
For US EPA controlled/related applications:  
For analyzers used in US EPA controlled applications that have internal  
span gas generators option installed, the CALIBRATE attribute must  
always be set to OFF  
Calibration of instruments used in US EPA related applications should  
only be performed using external sources of zero air and span gas with an  
accuracy traceable to EPA or NIST standards and supplied through the  
analyzer’s sample port.  
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The following example sets sequence #2 to do a zero-span calibration every other day starting at 1:00  
AM on September 4, 2011, lasting 15 minutes, without calibration. This will start ½ hour later each  
iteration.  
Table 9-4:Example AutoCal Sequence  
MODE AND  
ATTRIBUTE  
VALUE  
COMMENT  
SEQUENCE  
Define Sequence #2  
2
Select Zero and  
Span Mode  
MODE  
ZERO-SPAN  
ON  
TIMER ENABLE  
STARTING DATE  
Enable the timer  
Start after  
Sept 4, 2011  
Sept. 4, 2011  
First Span starts at  
1:00AM  
STARTING TIME  
DELTA DAYS  
DELTA TIME  
DURATION  
1:00 AM  
2
Do Sequence #2  
every other day  
Do Sequence #2 ½  
hr later each day  
00:30  
15.0  
Operate Span valve  
for 15 min  
Calibrate at end of  
Sequence  
CALIBRATE  
OFF  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
The programmed STARTING_TIME must be a minimum of 5 minutes  
later than the real time clock for setting real time clock (See Section  
5.6).  
Avoid setting two or more sequences at the same time of the day.  
Any new sequence that is initiated whether from a timer, the COMM  
ports or the contact closure inputs will override any sequence that is  
in progress.  
The CALIBRATE attribute must always be set to OFF on analyzers with  
IZS Options installed and functioning.  
Calibrations should ONLY be performed using external sources of  
Zero Air and Span Gas whose accuracy is traceable to EPA standards.  
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9.5.1. SETUP ACAL: PROGRAMMING AND AUTO CAL SEQUENCE  
To program the example sequence shown in Table 9-4, press:  
SAMPLE  
RANGE = 500.0 PPB  
NOX=XXX.X  
SETUP  
< TST TST > CAL CALZ CZLS  
SETUP X.X  
CFG ACAL DAS RNGE PASS CLK MORE EXIT  
SETUP X.X SEQ 1) DISABLED  
NEXT MODE  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X SEQ 2) DISABLED  
PREV NEXT MODE  
SETUP X.X MODE: DISABLED  
NEXT  
ENTR EXIT  
ENTR EXIT  
SETUP X.X MODE: ZERO  
PREV NEXT  
SETUP X.X MODE: ZERO–SPAN  
PREV NEXT  
ENTR EXIT  
SETUP X.X SEQ 2) ZERO–SPAN, 1:00:00  
PREV NEXT MODE SET  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X TIMER ENABLE: ON  
SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X STARTING DATE: 01–JAN–07  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X STARTING DATE: 01–JAN–02  
0
4
SEP  
0
8
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle buttons to set  
Day, Month & Year:  
Format : DD-MON-YY  
CONTINUE NEXT PAGE  
With STARTING TIME  
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Calibration Procedures  
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE -  
STARTING DATE  
SETUP X.X STARTING DATE: 04–SEP–03  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X STARTING TIME:00:00  
<SET SET> EDIT  
Toggle buttons to set  
time:  
SETUP X.X STARTING TIME:00:00  
Format : HH:MM  
1
4
: 1  
5
ENTR EXIT  
This is a 24 hr clock . PM  
hours are 13 – 24.  
Example 2:15 PM = 14:15  
SETUP X.X STARTING TIME:14:15  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X DELTA DAYS: 1  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
ENTR EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X DELTA DAYS: 1  
Toggle buttons to set  
number of days between  
procedures (1-365).  
0
0
2
SETUP X.X DELTA DAYS:2  
<SET SET> EDIT  
SETUP X.X DELTA TIME00:00  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
Toggle buttons to set  
delay time for each  
iteration of the sequence:  
HH:MM  
SETUP X.X DELTA TIME: 00:00  
0
0
:3  
0
ENTR EXIT  
(0 – 24:00)  
SETUP X.X DELTA TIME:00:30  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
CONTINUE NEXT PAGE  
With DURATION TIME  
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Calibration Procedures  
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE  
DELTA TIME  
SETUP  
DURATION:15.0 MINUTES  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
Toggle buttons to set  
duration for each iteration  
of the sequence:  
Set in Decimal minutes  
from 0.1 – 60.0.  
SETUP  
DURATION 15.0MINUTES  
3
0
.0  
ENTR EXIT  
SETUP  
DURATION:30.0 MINUTES  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
SETUP  
CALIBRATE: OFF  
<SET SET> EDIT  
EXIT  
ENTR EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP  
ON  
CALIBRATE: OFF  
Toggle button  
Between Off and  
ON.  
SETUP X.X CALIBRATE: ON  
<SET SET> EDIT  
Display show:  
SEQ 2) ZERO–SPAN, 2:00:30  
SETUP X.X SEQ 2) ZERO–SPAN, 2:00:30  
EXIT returns  
to the SETUP  
Menu.  
Sequence  
Delta Time  
Delta Days  
MODE  
PREV NEXT MODE SET  
EXIT  
Note  
If at any time an unallowable entry is selected (Example: Delta Days > 367)  
the ENTR button will disappear from the display.  
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9.6. CALIBRATION QUALITY ANALYSIS  
After completing one of the calibration procedures described above, it is important to evaluate the  
analyzer’s calibration SLOPE and OFFSET parameters. These values describe the linear response  
curve of the analyzer, separately for NO and NOX. The values for these terms, both individually and  
relative to each other, indicate the quality of the calibration.  
To perform this quality evaluation, you will need to record the values of the following test functions (see  
Section 4.1.1), all of which are automatically stored in the DAS channel CALDAT for data analysis,  
documentation and archival.  
NO OFFS  
NO SLOPE  
NOX OFFS  
NOX SLOPE  
Ensure that these parameters are within the limits listed in Table 9-5 and frequently compare them to  
those values on the Final Test and Validation Data Sheet (P/N 04490) that came attached to your  
manual, which should not be significantly different. If they are, refer to the troubleshooting Section 12.  
Table 9-5: Calibration Data Quality Evaluation  
Function  
NOX SLOPE  
NO SLOPE  
NOX OFFS  
NO OFFS  
Minimum Value  
-0.700  
Optimum Value  
1.000  
Maximum Value  
1.300  
-0.700  
1.000  
1.300  
-20.0 mV  
-20.0 mV  
0.0 mV  
150.0 mV  
150.0 mV  
0.0 mV  
The default DAS configuration records all calibration values in channel CALDAT as well as all  
calibration check (zero and span) values in its internal memory.  
Up to 200 data points are stored for up 4 years of data (on weekly calibration checks) and a lifetime  
history of monthly calibrations.  
Review these data to see if the zero and span responses change over time.  
These channels also store the STB figure (standard deviation of NOX concentration) to evaluate if  
the analyzer response has properly leveled off during the calibration procedure.  
Finally, the CALDAT channel also stores the converter efficiency for review and documentation.  
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9.7. GAS FLOW CALIBRATION  
Rate of sample gas and O3 flow through the 9110T is a key part of the NOx, NO and NO2 concentration  
calculations. The FLOW CALIBRATION submenu located under the DIAG menu allows the  
calibration/ adjustment of these calculations.  
Note  
To calibrate the flow of gas calculations made by the CPU, press.  
: .  
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EPA Protocol Calibration  
10. EPA PROTOCOL CALIBRATION  
To ensure high quality, accurate measurements at all times, the 9110T analyzer must be calibrated prior  
to use. A quality assurance program centered on this aspect and including attention to the built-in  
warning features of the analyzer, periodic inspection, regular zero/span checks, regular evaluation of test  
parameters for predictive diagnostics and data analysis and routine maintenance of the instrument are  
paramount to achieving this goal.  
The US EPA strongly recommends that you obtain a copy of the publication Quality Assurance  
Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems (abbreviated, Q.A. Handbook Volume II); USEPA  
Order Number: EPA454R98004; or NIST Order Number: PB99-129876.  
This manual can be purchased from:  
EPA Technology Transfer Network (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic)  
National Technical Information Service (NTIS, http://www.ntis.gov/)  
Special attention should be paid to Section 2.3 of the handbook8 which covers the measurement of NO2.  
Specific regulations regarding the use and operation of ambient NOx analyzers can be found in  
Reference 1 at the end of this Section.  
If the 9110T is used for EPA compliance monitoring, it must be calibrated in accordance with the  
instructions in this section.  
A bibliography and references relating to NO2 monitoring are listed in Section 10.10.  
10.1. 9110T CALIBRATION – GENERAL GUIDELINES  
In general, calibration is the process of adjusting the gain and offset of the 9110T against a standard with  
certified, traceable concentration. The reliability of data derived from the analyzer depends primarily  
upon its state of calibration.  
In this section, the term dynamic calibration is used to express a multipoint check against known  
standards and involves introducing gas samples of known concentration into the instrument in order to  
adjust the instrument to a predetermined sensitivity and to produce a calibration relationship. This  
relationship is derived from the instrumental response to successive samples of different known  
concentrations. As a minimum, three reference points and a zero point are recommended to define this  
relationship. The instrument(s) supplying the zero air and Span calibration gases used must themselves  
be calibrated and that calibration must be traceable to an EPA/ NIST primary standard (see Section 2.0.7  
of the Q.A. Handbook and Table 3-8 of this instruction manual)  
All monitoring systems are subject to some drift and variation in internal parameters and cannot be  
expected to maintain accurate calibration over long periods of time. Therefore, it is necessary to  
dynamically check the calibration relationship on a predetermined schedule. Zero and span checks must  
be used to document that the data remain within control limits. These checks are also used in data  
reduction and validation. The internal data acquisition system of the 9110T allows to store all calibration  
checks (as well as full calibrations) over long periods of time for documentation.  
Table 10-1 summarizes the initial quality assurance activities for calibrating equipment.  
Table 10-2 contains a matrix for the actual, dynamic calibration procedure.  
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Calibrations should be carried out at the field monitoring site. The analyzer should be in operation for at  
least several hours (preferably overnight) before calibration so that it is fully warmed up and its  
operation has stabilized. During the calibration, the 9110T:  
Should be in the CAL mode,  
The test atmosphere should be supplied through all components used during normal ambient  
sampling and through as much of the ambient air inlet system as is practicable.  
If the instrument will be used on more than one range, it should be calibrated separately on each  
applicable range.  
Details of documentation, forms and procedures should be maintained with each analyzer and also  
in a central backup file as described in Section 12 of the Quality Assurance Handbook.  
Personnel, equipment and reference materials used in conducting audits must be independent from  
those normally used in calibrations and operations.  
10.2. CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND  
EXPENDABLES  
The measurement of NOx, NO and NO2 in ambient air requires a certain amount of basic sampling  
equipment and supplemental supplies. These include, but are not limited to, the following:  
Table 10-1: Activity Matrix for EPA Calibration Equipment and Supplies  
Equipment/  
Supplies  
Frequency And Method Action If Requirements  
Acceptance Limits  
of Measurement  
Are Not Met  
Recorder  
Compatible with output signal of  
analyzer; min chart width of 150 mm (6  
in) is recommended  
Check upon receipt  
Return equipment to supplier  
Sample line and Constructed of PTFE, glass or stainless  
Check upon receipt  
Return equipment to supplier  
manifold  
steel  
Calibration  
equipment  
Meets guidelines and Section 2.3.2 of  
Q. A. Handbook  
See Section 2.3.9 of Q. A. Return equipment/ supplies to  
Handbook  
supplier or take corrective  
action  
Working standard Traceable to NIST-SRM SRM. Meets Analyzed against NIST-SRM; Obtain new working standard  
NO cylinder gas  
limits in traceability protocol for  
accuracy and stability. Section 2.0.7 of  
Q. A. Handbook  
see protocol in Section 2.0.7,  
Q.A. Handbook  
and check for traceability  
Recording forms  
Audit equipment  
Develop standard forms  
N/A  
Revise forms as appropriate  
Cannot be the same as used for  
calibration  
System must be checked out Locate problem and correct or  
against known standards return to supplier  
When purchasing these materials, a logbook should be maintained as a reference for future procurement  
needs and as a basis for future fiscal planning.  
10.2.1. SPARE PARTS AND EXPENDABLE SUPPLIES  
In addition to the basic equipment described in the Q.A. Handbook, it is necessary to maintain an  
inventory of spare parts and expendable supplies. Section 11 describes the parts that require periodic  
replacement and the frequency of replacement. Appendix B contains a list of spare parts and kits of  
expendables supplies.  
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10.2.2. CALIBRATION GAS AND ZERO AIR SOURCES  
10.2.2.1. Zero Air  
Devices that condition ambient air by drying and removal of pollutants are available on the commercial  
market such as the Teledyne M701 zero air generator.  
10.2.2.2. Span Gas  
NO and NOx calibration gases supplied either directly from pressurized bottles of calibrated gas of  
different concentrations (see Table 3-8 or from a single source of high concentration gas then mixed to  
create various lower concentrations. In the latter case, we recommend using a gas dilution calibrator  
such as a Teledyne M700E.  
In ALL cases, the gases and instrument(s) used must be calibrated and that calibration must be traceable  
to an EPA/NIST primary standard.  
10.2.3. DATA RECORDING DEVICE  
Either a strip chart recorder, data acquisition system, digital data acquisition system should be used to  
record the data from the 9110T RS-232 port or analog outputs. If analog readings are being used, the  
response of that system should be checked against a NIST referenced voltage source or meter. Data  
recording device should be capable of bi-polar operation so that negative readings can be recorded. Strip  
chart recorder should be at least 6” (15 cm) wide.  
10.2.4. RECORD KEEPING  
Record keeping is a critical part of all quality assurance programs. Standard forms similar to those that  
appear in this manual should be developed for individual programs. Three things to consider in the  
development of record forms are:  
Does the form serve a necessary function?  
Is the documentation complete?  
Will the forms be filed in such a manner that they can easily be retrieved when needed?  
10.3. CALIBRATION FREQUENCY  
A system of Level 1 and Level 2 zero/span checks is recommended (see Section 10.4). Level 1 zero and  
span checks should be conducted at least every two weeks. Level 2 checks should be conducted in  
between the Level 1 checks at a frequency determined by the user. Span concentrations for both levels  
should be between 70 and 90% of the reporting range.  
To ensure accurate measurements of the NO, NOX, and NO2 concentrations, calibrate the analyzer at the  
time of installation, and recalibrate it:  
No later than three months after the most recent calibration or performance audit that indicated the  
analyzer calibration to be acceptable.  
An interruption of more than a few days in analyzer operation.  
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Any repairs which might affect its calibration.  
Physical relocation of the analyzer.  
Any other indication (including excessive zero or span drift) of possible significant inaccuracy of the  
analyzer.  
Following any of the activities listed above, the zero and span should be checked to determine if a  
calibration is necessary. If the analyzer zero and span drifts exceed the calibration limits in Section 12 of  
the Q.A. Handbook6, a calibration should be performed.  
10.4. LEVEL 1 CALIBRATIONS VERSUS LEVEL 2 CHECKS  
All monitoring instruments are subject to some drift and variation in internal parameters and cannot be  
expected to maintain accurate calibration over long periods of time the EPA requires a schedule of  
periodic checks of the analyzer’s calibration be implemented. Zero and span checks must be used to  
document that the data remains within required limits. These checks are also used in data reduction and  
system validation.  
A Level 1 Span check is used to document that the 9110T is within control limits and must be conducted  
every 2 weeks. A Level 2 Span Check is to be conducted between the Level 1 Checks on a schedule to  
be determined by the user.  
Table 10-2: Definition of Level 1 and Level 2 Zero and Span Checks  
LEVEL 1 ZERO AND SPAN CALIBRATION  
LEVEL 2 ZERO AND SPAN CHECK  
A Level 1 zero and span calibration is a simplified, A Level 2 zero and span check is an "unofficial" check of an  
two-point analyzer calibration used when analyzer  
linearity does not need to be checked or verified.  
analyzer's response. It may include dynamic checks made with  
uncertified test concentrations, artificial stimulation of the  
(Sometimes when no adjustments are made to the analyzer's detector, electronic or other types of checks of a  
analyzer, the Level 1 calibration may be called a  
zero/span check, in which case it must not be  
confused with a Level 2 zero/span check.) Since  
most analyzers have a reliably linear or near-  
linear output response with concentration, they  
can be adequately calibrated with only two  
concentration standards (two-point concentration).  
Furthermore, one of the standards may be zero  
concentration, which is relatively easily obtained  
and need not be certified. Hence, only one  
certified concentration standard is needed for the  
two-point (Level 1) zero and span calibration.  
Although lacking the advantages of the multipoint  
calibration, the two-point zero and span  
calibration--because of its simplicity--can be (and  
should be) carried out much more frequently.  
Also, two-point calibrations are easily automated.  
Frequency checks or updating of the calibration  
relationship with a two-point zero and span  
calibration improves the quality of the monitoring  
data by helping to keep the calibration relationship  
more closely matched to any changes (drifts) in  
the analyzer response.  
portion of the analyzer, etc.  
Level 2 zero and span checks are not to be used as a basis for  
analyzer zero or span adjustments, calibration updates, or  
adjustment of ambient data. They are intended as quick,  
convenient checks to be used between zero and span  
calibrations to check for possible analyzer malfunction or  
calibration drift. Whenever a Level 2 zero or span check  
indicates a possible calibration problem, a Level 1 zero and  
span (or multipoint) calibration should be carried out before any  
corrective action is taken.  
If a Level 2 zero and span check is to be used in the quality  
control program, a "reference response" for the check should be  
obtained immediately following a zero and span (or multipoint)  
calibration while the analyzer's calibration is accurately known.  
Subsequent Level 2 check responses should then be compared  
to the most recent reference response to determine if a change  
in response has occurred. For automatic Level 2 zero and span  
checks, the first scheduled check following the calibration  
should be used for the reference response. It should be kept in  
mind that any Level 2 check that involves only part of the  
analyzer's system cannot provide information about the portions  
of the system not checked and therefore cannot be used as a  
verification of the overall analyzer calibration.  
In addition, an independent precision check between 0.08 and 0.10 ppm must be carried out at least once  
every two weeks. Table 10-1 summarizes the quality assurance activities for routine operations. A  
discussion of each activity appears in the following sections.  
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To provide for documentation and accountability of activities, a checklist should be compiled and then  
filled out by the field operator as each activity is completed.  
For information on shelter and sample inlet system, an in-depth study is in Field Operations Guide for  
Automatic Air Monitoring Equipment, Publication No. APTD-0736, PB 202-249 and PB 204-650, U.S.  
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Programs, October 1972  
10.5. GAS PHASE TITRATION (GPT)  
10.5.1. GPT PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION  
Gas phase titration (GPT) is recommended during calibration of the 9110T. Those using a NO2  
permeation tube should refer to the CFR1.  
The principle of GPT is based on the rapid gas phase reaction between NO and O3 that produces  
stoichiometric quantities of NO2 as shown by the following equation:  
Equation 10-1  
NOO3 NO O2 h  
2
Given that the O3 concentration is known for this reaction, the resultant concentration of NO2 can be  
determined. Ozone is added to excess NO in a dynamic calibration system as shown in Figure 10-1,  
and the NO channel of the chemiluminescence analyzer detects the changes in NO concentration.  
After the addition of O3, the observed decrease in NO concentration on the calibrated NO channel is  
equivalent to the concentration of NO2 produced.  
The amount of generated NO2 may be varied by adding varying amounts of O3 from a stable O3  
generator.  
All zero air used in this procedure should conform to the requirements stated in Section 10.2 .  
Dynamic calibration systems based on this principle are commercially available, or may be assembled by  
the user. A recommended calibration system is described in the Federal Register CFR1.  
10.5.2. GPT CALIBRATOR CHECK PROCEDURE  
It has been empirically determined that the NO-O3 reaction is complete (<1% residual O3) if the NO  
concentration in the reaction cell (ppm) multiplied by the residence time (min.) of the reactants in the  
chamber is >2.75 ppm min. The theory behind the development of this equation is in the Federal  
Register1. The following procedures and equations should be used to determine whether an existing GPT  
calibration system will meet required conditions for a specific calibration.  
For calibrators that have known pre-set flow rates, use equations Equation 10-6 and Equation 10-7 below  
to verify the required conditions.  
If the calibrator does not meet specifications, follow the complete procedure to determine what flow  
modifications must be made.  
1. Select an NO standard gas that has a nominal concentration in the range of 50 to  
100 ppm.  
Determine the exact concentration [NO]STD by referencing against an NIST-  
SRM SRM, as discussed in the Q.A. Handbook.  
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2. Determine the volume (cm3) of the calibrator reaction cell (VRC). If the actual  
volume is not known, estimate the volume by measuring the approximate  
dimensions of the chamber and using an appropriate formula.  
3. Determine the required minimum total flow output (FT) :  
Equation 10-2  
FT = analyzer flow demand (cm3/min) x 110/100  
If more than one analyzer is to be calibrated at the same time, multiply FT by  
the number of analyzers.  
4. Calculate the NO concentration [NO]OUT needed to approximate 90% of the URL of  
the NO2 analyzer to be calibrated:  
Equation 10-3  
[NO]OUT = URL of analyzer (ppm) x 90/100  
5. Calculate the NO flow (FNO) required to generate the NO concentration [NO]OUT  
:
Equation 10-4  
[NO x  
]
FT  
OUT  
=
FNO  
[NO  
]
STD  
6. Calculate the required flow through the ozone generator (FO):  
Equation 10-5  
[NO  
X
X
]
FNO VRC  
STD  
=
-
Fo  
FNO  
2.75 ppm - min  
7. Verify that the residence time (tR) in the reaction cell is <2 min:  
Equation 10-6  
VRC  
t
R
2min  
F
O
FNO  
8. Verify that the dynamic parameter specification (PR) of the calibrator's reaction cell  
is >2.75 ppm-min:  
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Equation 10-7  
FNO  
VRC  
P
R
NO  
STD  
2.75  
F
O
FNO  
F
O
FNO  
Note  
If TR is >2 minutes or if PR is <2.75 ppm min, changes in flow conditions  
(FT, FO, FNO) or in the reaction cell volume (VRC), or both will  
have to be made, and TR and PR will have to be recalculated.  
9. After Equation 10-5 and Equation 10-6 are satisfied, calculate the diluent air flow  
(FD):  
Equation 10-8  
FD  
FT FO FNO  
10.5.2.1. Example GPT Calculation  
The following is an example calculation that can be used to determine whether an existing GPT  
calibrator will meet the required conditions for a specific calibration. For this example, it is assumed that  
only the volume of the reaction cell, VRC, and the concentration of the NO standard, [NO]STD, are known.  
All flow settings (FNO, FO, FT, and FD) will be calculated. In many uses, these flow settings are known  
and need only to be substituted in Equations 8-5 and 8-6 to verify the required conditions. Before doing  
any calculations, the URL and flow demand of the analyzer being calibrated must be known. Operating  
parameters are determined from the operations manual:  
Upper range limit = 0.5 ppm, and  
Flow demand = 500 cm3/min.  
Volume of calibrator reaction cell is determined by physical measurement: VRC = 180 cm3  
The concentration of the NO standard gas to be used is determined by reference against an NIST-  
SRM SRM (Section 2.0.7, Q.A. Handbook):  
[NO]STD = 50.5 ppm  
1. Determine the minimum total flow (FT) required at the output manifold:  
FT = 500 cm3/min (110/100) = 550 cm3/min  
Because low flows are difficult to control and measure, it is often advantageous to set a higher total flow  
than needed. In this example, we will set FT to 2750 cm3/min.  
2. Determine the highest NO concentration, [NO]OUT, required at the output manifold,:  
[NO]OUT = 0.5 ppm (90/100) = 0.45 ppm  
3. Calculate the NO flow (FNO) required to generate the NO concentration [NO]OUT  
:
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0.45 ppm 2750  
3 / min  
cm  
50.5ppm  
F NO  
cm3  
/ min  
=
24.5  
4. Calculate the required flow rate through ozone generator (FO):  
3
50.5 ppm x 24.5  
3 /min x180  
cm  
cm  
=
- 24.5  
3 / min  
cm  
FO  
2.75 ppm - min  
6
2
= 80984  
/
- 24.5 3 /min=260  
cm  
3 /min  
cm  
cm min  
5. Verify that the residence time (tR) in the reaction cell is <2 min:  
3
180  
cm  
tR  
=
0.63min  
260 3 /min24.5 3 /min  
cm cm  
6. Verify the dynamic parameter specification (PR) of the calibrator reaction cell:  
3
24 3 /min  
cm  
180  
cm  
PR  
= 50.5ppm  
2.75ppmmin  
260 3 /min24.5 3 /min 260 3 /min24.5 3 /min  
cm cm cm cm  
7. Calculate the diluent airflow (FD) required at the mixing chamber:  
FD = 2750 cm3/min - 260 cm3/min - 24.5 cm3/min = 2465.5 cm3/min  
10.6. GPT MULTIPOINT CALIBRATION PROCEDURE  
The procedure for calibration of chemiluminescence NOx analyzers by GPT is specified in the Federal  
Register.1 This section applies the general procedure to the specific case of the 9110T.  
Calibration must be performed with a calibrator that meets all conditions specified in the Q.A.  
Handbook.  
Note  
The user should be sure that all flow meters are calibrated under the  
conditions of use against a reliable standard.  
All volumetric flow rates should be corrected to 25o C (78oF) and 760 mm  
(29.92 in.) Hg. Calibrations of flow meters are discussed in the QA  
Handbook, Vol. II, Part 1, Appendix 126.  
Gas Phase Titration (GPT) requires the use of the NO channel of the analyzer to determine the amount  
of NO2 generated by titration. Therefore it is necessary to calibrate and determine the linearity of the NO  
channel before proceeding with the NO2 calibration. It is also necessary to calibrate the NOx channel.  
This can be done simultaneously with the NO calibration. During the calibration the 9110T should be  
operating in its normal sampling mode, and the test atmosphere should pass through all filters, scrubbers,  
conditioners, and other components used during normal ambient sampling and as much of the ambient  
air inlet system as is practicable. All operational adjustments to the 9110T should be completed prior to  
the calibration.  
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10.6.1. SET UP FOR GPT MULTIPOINT CALIBRATION OF THE 9110T  
The following 9110T features must be activated or set before calibration.  
Calibrate the NO2 NO converter (see Section 9.1.4).  
Set the reporting ranges for Independent mode (see Section 5.4.3.2).  
Turn ON the automatic temperature/pressure compensation (TPC) feature (see Section 5.8).  
Set the units of measure to ppb (see Section 5.4.3.4).  
Figure 10-1:  
GPT Calibration System  
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IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
The analyzer should be calibrated on the same range used for  
monitoring.  
Ensure that the GPT calibration system can supply the range of  
concentrations at a sufficient flow over the whole range of  
concentrations that will be encountered during calibration.  
10.6.2. ZERO CALIBRATION  
The zero point calibration procedure is identical to that described in Sections 9.1, 9.2, 9.4 or 9.5.  
10.6.3. SPAN CALIBRATION  
1. Adjust the NO concentration to approximately 80% of the URL of the NO channel.  
The expected NO and NOX span concentrations can be determined by measuring the  
cylinder and diluent flows and computing the resulting concentrations.  
If there is any NO2 impurity in the NO standard gas it should be taken into account when the  
NOX concentration is entered during the NO/NOX channel calibration.  
This is done by ADDING the impurity concentration to the NO concentration to get the NOX  
concentration for calibration. Calculate the exact NO and NOX concentrations as follows:  
Equation 10-9  
x [NO  
FT  
]
FNO  
STD  
[NO  
=
]
OUT  
2. Enter the respective concentrations using the procedure in Section 4.2. The  
expected span concentrations need not be re-entered each time a calibration is  
performed unless they are changed.  
3. Enter the expected NOX and NO span gas concentrations:  
4. Sample the generated concentration until the NO and the NOX responses have  
stabilized.  
5. Span the instrument by the following the same method as 9.1, 9.3 or 9.5.  
The analog voltage output should measure 80% of the voltage range selected. (e.g.  
4.00 VDC if 0-5V output is selected.)  
The readings on the front panel display should be equal to the expected NO and NOX  
concentrations.  
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Note  
See the Troubleshooting Section 12 if there are problems.  
Also see the Calibration Quality Check procedure Section 9.6.  
6. After the zero and the 80% upper range limit points have been set, generate five  
approximately evenly spaced calibration points between zero and 80% upper range  
limit without further adjustment to the instrument.  
7. Allow the instrument to sample these intermediate concentrations for about 10  
minutes each and record the instrument NO and NOX responses.  
8. Plot the analyzer NO and NOX responses versus the corresponding calculated  
concentrations to obtain the calibration relationships.  
Determine the straight line of best fit (y = mx + b) determined by the method of  
least squares.  
9. After the best-fit line has been drawn for the NO and the NOX calibrations,  
determine whether the analyzer response is linear.  
To be considered linear, no calibration point should differ from the best-fit line  
by more than 2% of full scale.  
10.7. GPT NO2 CHECK  
The 9110T computes the NO2 concentration by subtracting the NO from the NOX concentration. Unlike  
analog instruments, this difference is calculated by the 9110T's internal computer software. It is  
extremely unlikely that the NO2 concentration will be in error. Therefore this procedure is a confirmation  
that the NO2 subtraction algorithm in the computer is operating correctly.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Do not make any adjustments to the instrument during this procedure.  
1. Generate an NO concentration near 90% of the upper range limit.  
Dilution air and O3 generator air flows should be the same as used in the  
calculation of specified conditions of the dynamic parameter according to  
Section 10.5.  
2. Sample this NO concentration until the NO and NOx responses stabilize. Record  
the NO and NOx concentrations.  
3. Turn ON and adjust the O3 generator in the calibrator to produce sufficient O3 to  
decrease the NO concentration to about 10% of full scale.  
This will be equivalent to 80% of the URL of the NO2 channel. After the analyzer  
responses stabilize, record the resultant NO, NOX, and NO2 concentrations.  
Note  
If the NOX reading should drop to less than 96% of its starting value  
during this step, it indicates the NO2 converter is in need of  
troubleshooting or replacement. See Section 12.7.10 for further details.  
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4. While maintaining all other conditions, adjust the ozone generator to obtain several  
other concentrations of NO2 evenly spaced between the 80% URL point and the  
zero point. Record the NO, NOX, and NO2 concentrations for each additional point.  
5. Calculate the resulting NO2 concentrations as follows:  
Equation 10-10  
* [  
]
FNO NO2  
IMP  
[
= [NO  
- [NO  
REM  
+
]
]
]
NO2  
OUT  
ORIG  
FT  
Where [NO]ORIG is the NO concentration before the GPT ozone is turned on, and [NO]REM is the NO  
remaining after GPT.  
Plot the NO2 concentration output by the instrument on the y-axis against the generated NO2 [NO2]OUT  
on the x-axis. The plot should be a straight line within the ± 2% linearity criteria given for the NOx and  
NO channels. If the plot is not linear, the most likely cause is that the converter needs replacing. See  
Section 9.1.4 on NO2 converter efficiency and Section 11.3.8 for changing the converter if needed.  
10.8. OTHER QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES  
Precision is determined by a one-point check at least once every two weeks. Accuracy is determined by a  
three-point audit once each quarter.  
Essential to quality assurance are scheduled checks for verifying the operational status of the monitoring  
system. The operator should visit the site at least once each week. Every two weeks a Level 1 zero and  
span check must be made on the analyzer. Level 2 zero and span checks should be conducted at a  
frequency desired by the user. Definitions of these terms are given in Table 10-2.  
10.8.1. SUMMARY OF QUALITY ASSURANCE CHECKS  
The following items should be checked on a regularly scheduled basis to assure high quality data from  
the 9110T. See Table 10-3 for a summary of activities; also the QA Handbook should be checked for  
specific procedures.  
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Table 10-3: Activity Matrix for Data Quality  
Frequency and Method  
of Measurement  
Action if Requirements  
are not Met  
Characteristic  
Acceptance Limits  
Shelter  
temperature  
Check thermograph chart  
weekly for variations greater  
than ± 2C (4F)  
Mark strip chart for the  
affected time period.  
Mean temperature between 22C  
and 28C (72and 82F), daily  
fluctuations not greater than 2C  
Repair or adjust  
temperature control.  
Sample  
introduction  
system  
No moisture, foreign material,  
leaks, obstructions; sample line  
connected to manifold  
Weekly visual inspection  
Weekly visual inspection  
Clean, repair, or replace as  
needed.  
Recorder  
Adequate ink & paper  
Legible ink traces  
Replenish ink and paper  
supply.  
Adjust time to agree with  
clock; note on chart.  
Correct chart speed and range  
Correct time  
Analyzer  
operational  
settings  
TEST measurements at nominal  
values  
Weekly visual inspection  
Level 1 zero/span every  
Adjust or repair as needed.  
9110T in SAMPLE mode  
Analyzer  
operational  
check  
Zero and span within tolerance  
Find source of error and  
repair.  
After corrective action, re-  
calibrate analyzer.  
limits as described in Section 12 of 2 weeks; Level 2 between  
the Q.A. Handbook6  
Level 1 checks at frequency  
desired by user  
Precision check Assess precision as described in  
Sections 15&18 of the Q.A.  
Every 2 weeks, Subsection  
3.4.3 (Ibid.)  
Calc, report precision,  
Section 12 of the Q.A.  
Handbook6.  
Handbook6  
10.8.2. SHORT CALIBRATION CHECKS  
A system of Level 1 and Level 2 zero/span checks (Table 10-2) is recommended. These checks must be  
conducted in accordance with the specific guidance given in Section 12 of the Q.A. Handbook6. Level 1  
zero and span checks must be conducted every two weeks. Level 2 checks should be conducted in  
between the Level 1 checks at a frequency desired by the user. Span concentrations for both levels  
should be between 70 and 90% of the measurement range.  
Zero and span data are to be used to:  
Provide data to allow analyzer adjustment for zero and span drift;  
Provide a decision point on when to calibrate the analyzer;  
Provide a decision point on invalidation of monitoring data.  
These items are described in detail in Sections 15 & 18 of the Q.A. Handbook6. Refer to Section 11 of this  
manual if the instrument is not within the allowed margins. We recommend using APICOM and the DAS  
for analysis and documentation of zero/span check data.  
10.8.3. ZERO/SPAN CHECK PROCEDURES  
The Zero and span calibration can be checked in a variety of different ways. They include:  
Manual zero/span checks can be done from the front panel touchscreen. The procedure is in  
Section 9.2.2 of this manual.  
Automatic zero/span checks can be performed every night. See Section 9.5 of this manual for setup  
and operation procedures.  
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Zero/Span checks through remote contact closure can be initiated through remote contact closures  
on the rear panel. See Section 9.4.3.3 of this manual.  
Zero/span checks can also be controlled through the RS-232 port. See Section 8 of this manual for  
more details on setting up and using the analyzer’s RS-232 port.  
10.8.4. PRECISION CHECK  
A periodic check is used to assess the data for precision. A one-point precision check must be carried out  
at least once every 2 weeks on each analyzer at an NO2 concentration between 0.08 and 0.10 ppm.  
The analyzer must be operated in its normal sampling mode, and the precision test gas must pass  
through all filters, scrubbers, conditioners, and other components used during normal ambient  
sampling.  
The standards from which precision check test concentrations are obtained must be traceable to  
NIST-SRM SRM. Those standards used for calibration or auditing may be used.  
10.8.4.1. Precision Check Procedure  
Connect the analyzer to a precision gas that has an NO2 concentration between 0.08 and 0.10 ppm. An  
NO2 precision gas may be generated by either GPT or a NO2 permeation tube. If a precision check is  
made in conjunction with a zero/span check, it must be made prior to any zero or span adjustments.  
Allow the analyzer to sample the precision gas until a stable trace is obtained.  
Record this value.  
NO and NOX precision checks should also be made if those data are being reported. Information  
from the check procedure is used to assess the precision of the monitoring data; see in Section 12  
of the Q.A. Handbook6 for procedures for calculating and reporting precision.  
10.9. CERTIFICATION OF WORKING STANDARDS  
The NO content of the NO working standard must be periodically assayed against NIST-traceable NO or  
NO2 standards. Any NO2 impurity in the cylinder must also be assayed. Certification of the NO working  
standard should be made on a quarterly basis or more frequently, as required. Procedures are outlined  
below for certification against NO traceable standard which is the simplest and most straightforward  
procedure.  
To assure data of desired quality, two considerations are essential:  
The measurement process must be in statistical control at the time of the measurement and;  
Any systematic errors, when combined with the random variation in the measurement process, must  
result in a suitably small uncertainty.  
Evidence of good quality data includes documentation of the quality control checks and the independent  
audits of the measurement process by recording data on specific forms or on a quality control chart and  
by using materials, instruments, and measurement procedures that can be traced to appropriate standards  
of reference.  
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To establish traceability, data must be obtained routinely by repeated measurements of standard  
reference samples (primary, secondary, and/or working standards). More specifically, working  
calibration standards must be traceable to standards of higher accuracy.  
10.9.1.1. Certification Procedures of Working Standards  
This procedure requires the use of calibrated NO gas traceable to an NIST-SRM SRM and the gas phase  
titration calibration procedure (Section 10.5) to calibrate the NO, NOX, and NO2 responses of the  
analyzer. Also the efficiency of the analyzer’s NO2 converter must be determined (Section 9.1.4).  
Generate several NO concentrations by diluting the NO working standard. Use the nominal NO cylinder  
concentration, [NO]NOM, to calculate the diluted concentrations. Plot the analyzer NO response (in ppm)  
versus the nominal diluted NO concentration and determine the slope, SNOM. Calculate the NO  
concentration of the working standard [NO]STD from:  
Equation 10-11  
[NO]STD = [NO]NOM x SNOM  
A more detailed procedure is presented in Reference 1 (Section 10.10).  
10.9.1.2. Other Methods of Establishing Traceability  
Methods of establishing traceability are:  
Using a NO working standard traced to NIST NO2 standard.  
Using a NO2 working standard traced to NIST NO2 standard.  
Using a NO2 working standard traced to NIST NO standard.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
If the NO2 impurity in the NO cylinder, [NO2]imp is greater than the 1 ppm  
value allowed in the calibration procedure, check that the NO delivery  
system is not the source of contamination before discarding the NO  
standard.  
For further information on calibration by GPT and NO2 permeation  
devices, refer to part 50 of Section 1, Title 40 CFR, Appendix F Reference  
13 of that Appendix.  
10.10. REFERENCES  
1. Environmental Protection Agency, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 50, Appendix F,  
Measurement Principle and Calibration Procedure for the Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide in the  
Atmosphere (Gas Phase Chemiluminescence), Federal Register, 41 (232), 52688-52692, December  
1976 (as amended at 48 FR 2529, Jan 20, 1983).  
2. Ellis, Elizabeth C. Technical Assistance Document for the Chemiluminescence Measurement of Nitrogen  
Dioxide, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 83 pages, December  
1975. Available online at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/reldocs/4-75-003.pdf.  
3. Environmental Protection Agency, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 58, Appendix A,  
Measurement Principle and Calibration Procedure for the Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide in the  
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Atmosphere (Gas Phase Chemiluminescence), Federal Register, 41 (232), 52688-52692, December  
1976 (as amended at 48 FR 2529, Jan 20, 1983).  
4. Mavrodineanu, R., and Gills, T. E., Standard Reference Materials: Summary of Gas Cylinder and  
Permeation Tube Standard Reference Materials Issued by the National Bureau of Standards, Document  
SP260-108, May 1987.  
And: Taylor, J. K., Standard Reference Materials: Handbook for SRM Users, Document number SP260-  
100, February 1993. Available online at:  
http://patapsco.nist.gov/srmcatalog/sp_publications/publications.htm  
5. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems - Volume I, “A Field Guide to  
Environmental Quality Assurance," EPA-600/R-94/038a, April 1994. Available online at:  
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qabook.html.  
6. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems - Volume II, Ambient Air Specific  
Methods. EPA-600/4-77/027a, December 1986. US EPA Order Number: 454R98004, available at the  
National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22151. Portions are  
also available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qabook.html.  
7. Environmental Protection Agency, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 58, Appendix B,  
Measurement Principle and Calibration Procedure for the Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide in the  
Atmosphere (Gas Phase Chemiluminescence), Federal Register, 41 (232), 52688-52692, December  
1976 (as amended at 48 FR 2529, Jan 20, 1983).  
8. Quality Assurance Guidance Document. Reference Method for the Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide in  
the Atmosphere (Chemiluminescence). Draft document, 58 pages, February 2002. Office of Air Quality  
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park NC 27711, draft document available at  
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qabook.html. Guidelines about the measurement of NO2 in this document  
replace those in the old QA Handbook and should be consulted as the latest reference.  
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Part III  
PART III  
–
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE  
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Instrument Maintenance  
11. INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE  
For the most part, the 9110T analyzer is maintenance free. However it is recommended that a minimal  
number of simple procedures be performed regularly to ensure that the 9110T continues to operate  
accurately and reliably over its lifetime. In general, the exterior can be wiped down with a lightly damp  
cloth; avoid spraying anything directly onto any part of the analyzer.  
Service and troubleshooting are covered in Section Troubleshooting & Service.  
11.1. MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE  
Table 11-1 shows a typical maintenance schedule for the 9110T. Please note that in certain  
environments (i.e. dusty, very high ambient pollutant levels) some maintenance procedures may need to  
be performed more often than shown.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
A span and zero calibration check (see CAL CHECK REQ’D Column of  
Table 11-1, 9110T Maintenance Schedule) must be performed following  
some of the maintenance procedures listed herein.  
To perform a CHECK of the instrument’s Zero or Span Calibration, follow  
the same steps as described in Section 9.3.  
DO NOT press the ENTR button at the end of each operation. Pressing  
the ENTR button resets the stored values for OFFSET and SLOPE and  
alters the instrument’s Calibration.  
Alternately, use the Auto Cal feature described in Section 9.5 with the  
CALIBRATE attribute set to OFF.  
WARNING – ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD  
Disconnect power before performing any of the following operations that require  
entry into the interior of the analyzer.  
CAUTION – QUALIFIED PERSONNEL  
These maintenance procedures must be performed by qualified technicians only.  
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Table 11-1: 9110T Maintenance Schedule  
DATE PERFORMED  
CAL  
CHECK  
REQ’D  
No  
ITEM  
ACTION  
FREQ  
TEST  
functions  
Review and  
evaluate  
Weekly  
Weekly  
Weekly  
Particulate  
filter  
Change  
particle filter  
No  
No  
Zero/span  
check  
Evaluate  
offset and  
slope  
Zero/span  
calibration  
Zero and  
span  
calibration  
Every 3 months  
Every 3 months  
Yes  
External zero  
air scrubber  
option  
Exchange  
chemical  
No  
External  
dryer option  
Replace  
chemical  
When indicator  
color changes  
No  
Ozone  
cleanser  
Change  
chemical  
Annually  
Yes  
Yes  
Reaction cell  
window  
Clean  
Annually or as  
necessary  
(“optical  
filter” in  
Figure 11-6)  
DFU filters  
Change  
Annually  
No  
particle filter  
Pneumatic  
sub-system  
Check for  
leaks in gas  
flow paths  
Annually or  
after repairs  
involving  
Yes if a  
leak is  
repaired  
pneumatics  
Reaction cell  
O-rings &  
sintered  
Replace  
Annually  
Yes  
Yes  
filters  
PMT Sensor  
Hardware  
Calibration  
Low-level  
hardware  
calibration  
On PMT/  
preamp  
changes or if  
slope is outside  
of 1.0±0.3  
Pump  
Rebuild head  
Replace  
when RCEL  
pressure  
exceeds 10 in-  
Hg-A (at sea  
level)  
Yes  
Inline  
Annually  
No  
Exhaust  
Scrubber  
Replace  
converter  
Every 3 years  
or if conversion  
efficiency drops  
below 96%  
Yes  
NO2  
converter  
Desiccant  
bags  
Replace  
Any time PMT  
housing is  
n/a  
opened for  
maintenance  
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11.2. PREDICTIVE DIAGNOSTICS  
Predictive diagnostic functions including failure warnings and alarms built into the analyzer’s firmware  
allow the user to determine when repairs are necessary.  
The Test Functions can also be used to predict failures by looking at how their values change over time.  
Initially it may be useful to compare the state of these Test Functions to the values recorded on the  
printed record of the Final Test and Validation Data Sheet, P/N 04490.  
The following table can be used as a basis for taking action as these values change with time. The  
internal data acquisition system (DAS) is a convenient way to record and track these changes. Use  
APICOM (Section 8.1.1) to download and review this data from a remote location.  
Table 11-2: Predictive Uses for Test Functions  
FUNCTION  
EXPECTED  
ACTUAL  
INTERPRETATION & ACTION  
Fluctuating  
Developing leak in pneumatic system. Check for leaks.  
RCEL  
(pressure)  
Constant to within  
± 0.5 in-Hg-A  
Pump performance is degrading. Rebuild pump when pressure  
is above 10 in-Hg-A.  
Slowly increasing  
Fluctuating  
Developing leak in pneumatic system. Check for leaks.  
Flow path is clogging up. Replace orifice filters.  
Constant within  
atmospheric  
changes  
SAMP  
Slowly increasing  
(pressure)  
Developing leak in pneumatic system to vacuum (developing  
valve failure). Check for leaks.  
Slowly decreasing  
Slowly decreasing  
Constant to within  
± 15  
Flow path is clogging up. Replace orifice filters.  
OZONE FL  
AZERO  
Developing AZERO valve failure. Replace valve.  
PMT cooler failure. Check cooler, circuit, and power supplies.  
Developing light leak.  
Constant within  
±20 of check-out  
value  
Significantly increasing  
O3 air filter cartridge is exhausted. Change chemical.  
Constant for  
constant  
concentrations  
Slowly decreasing  
signal for same  
concentration  
NO2  
(Concentration)  
Converter efficiency may be degrading. Replace converter  
components.  
Change in instrument response. Low level (hardware) calibrate  
the sensor.  
NO2  
with IZS Option  
installed  
Decreasing over time  
Constant  
response from day  
to day  
Degradation of IZS permeation tube. Change permeation tube.  
Heavily fluctuating from  
day to day  
Ambient changes in moisture are affecting the performance.  
Add a dryer to the zero air inlet.  
(Concentration)  
Constant for  
constant  
concentration  
NO  
Drift of instrument response; clean RCEL window. Check for  
flow leaks or irregularities.  
Decreasing over time  
(Concentration)  
Note  
11.3. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES  
The following procedures are to be performed periodically as part of the standard maintenance of the  
9110T.  
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11.3.1. REPLACING THE SAMPLE PARTICULATE FILTER  
The particulate filter should be inspected often for signs of plugging or contamination. We recommend  
that when you change the filter; handle it and the wetted surfaces of the filter housing as little as  
possible. Do not touch any part of the housing, filter element, PTFE retaining ring, glass cover and the  
o-ring with your bare hands. Teledyne API recommends using gloves or PTFE coated tweezers or  
similar handling to avoid contamination of the sample filter assembly.  
To change the filter:  
1. Turn OFF the analyzer to prevent drawing debris into the instrument.  
2. Open the 9110T’s hinged front panel and unscrew the retaining ring on the filter  
assembly.  
Figure 11-1  
Replacing the Particulate Filter  
3. Carefully remove the retaining ring, PTFE o-ring, glass filter cover and filter  
element.  
4. Replace the filter, being careful that the element is fully seated and centered in the  
bottom of the holder.  
5. Reinstall the PTFE o-ring with the notches up; the glass cover, then screw on the  
retaining ring and hand tighten. Inspect the seal between the edge of filter and the  
o-ring to assure a proper seal.  
6. Restart the Analyzer.  
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11.3.2. CHANGING THE O3 DRYER PARTICULATE FILTER  
The air for the O3 generator passes through a Perma Pure© dryer, which is equipped with a small  
particulate filter at its inlet. This filter prevents dust from entering the Perma Pure© dryer and degrading  
the dryer’s performance over time. Change the filter according to the service interval in Table 11-1 as  
follows:  
1. Before starting the procedure, check and write down the average RCEL pressure  
and the OZONE FLOW values.  
2. Turn off the analyzer, unplug the power cord and remove the cover.  
3. Unscrew the nut around the port of the filter using two 5/8” wrenches.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
Ensure to use proper wrenches.  
ATTENTION  
Hold the main dryer fitting with a 5/8” wrench to ensure that it does not  
turn against the Perma Pure© dryer.  
Performing this procedure improperly or with incorrect tools creates a  
risk of causing a significant leak.  
4. Take off the old filter element and replace it with a suitable equivalent (TAI P/N FL-  
3).  
Figure 11-2:  
Particle Filter on O3 Supply Air Dryer  
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5. Holding the main dryer fitting steady with a 5/8” wrench and tighten the nut with your  
hands.  
If necessary use a second wrench but do not over-tighten the nut.  
6. Replace the cover, plug in the power cord and restart the analyzer.  
7. Check the O3 flow rate; it should be around 80 cm³/min ± 15.  
8. Check the RCEL pressure.  
It should be the same value as before.  
9. Refer to Section 13.3.12 to leak check after installing the new DFU particle filter.  
11.3.3. CHANGING THE OZONE CLEANSER CHEMICAL  
The ozone (O3) cleanser is located next to the O3 generator (see Figure 3-5) and cleans the O3 stream  
from solid and liquid contaminants that are created inside the O3 generator. The content of the ozone  
cleanser needs periodical exchange according to Table 11-1. A rebuild kit is available from the factory  
(see Appendix B of this manual lists the part numbers).  
To change the ozone cleanser chemical, follow these steps:  
1. Turn of power to the analyzer and pump. Remove the analyzer cover and locate the  
O3 filter in the front of the analyzer next to the O3 generator.  
2. Use a 7/16” wrench to remove both pieces of 1/8” male nut with tubing from the  
NPT fittings.  
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Figure 11-3:  
Ozone Cleanser Assembly  
3. Remove the integrated screws with a Phillips screw driver and remove the scrubber  
manifold from the chassis.  
4. Using a 9/16” wrench, remove both fittings from the cartridge.  
5. Discard the glass wool.  
6. Pour the contents of the scrubber manifold onto a sheet of white paper. If  
necessary, remove the plug to ensure that all the contents are poured out.  
Notice any discoloration of the contents, which is usually white and slightly  
transparent.  
The amount of discolored chemical (usually with yellow tint) may give you an  
indication of the lifetime of the chemical in your application.  
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The maintenance cycle of this item is dependent on ambient moisture, sub-micron particle load and other  
factors and may differ from that shown in Table 11-1.  
7. Discard the used silica gel desiccant without touching it. It may contain nitric acid,  
which is a corrosive and highly irritating substance.  
CAUTION – GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
Immediately wash your hands after contact with the silica gel disiccant.  
8. Using a small powder funnel, fill the cartridge with about 10 g new silica gel  
desiccant (TAI P/N CH43) so that it is level on both legs of the cartridge.  
Slight vibration is required to settle the chemical into the cartridge and achieve  
tightest packing, which increases performance and lifetime of the filter.  
Ensure that the level of the chemical does not protrude farther than the first two  
threads of the NPT fitting.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Use only genuine, pre-conditioned Teledyne refill kits for this procedure.  
Teledyne refill kits have been properly conditioned to prevent a significant  
increase of the 9110T’s Auto Zero value which can cause large negative  
offsets, which may take 2-3 weeks to disappear.  
Do not leave this material uncovered for more than a few seconds, as it  
will absorb contaminants from ambient air. Always store unused, well-  
covered refill material in a cool dry place.  
9. Seal the silica gel desiccant with 1 cm3 of glass wool on each well.  
Ensure that the plug is large enough and compressed into the cartridge so that  
the chemical is securely held in place.  
10. Add new Teflon tape (P/N HN000036) to the NPT fittings.  
11. Screw the NPT fittings back into the scrubber manifold.  
12. Screw the cartridge back onto the chassis; orientation is not important.  
13. Evaluate the ferrules on the tubing.  
If the ferrules are too old, we recommend replacing them with new ferrules.  
14. Reconnect the tubing using 7/16” and 9/16” wrenches.  
Do not over-tighten the fittings.  
15. If the service interval for this item has been exceeded, it may also be necessary to  
clean the reaction cell as described in Section 11.3.9.  
16. Leak check the system using the pressurized approach described in Section  
11.3.12.2.  
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If necessary, tighten the fittings some more but do not over-tighten.  
17. Restart the analyzer and pump and continue operation.  
18. Recalibrate the analyzer after one hour (Section 9).  
If Auto Zero is high or is changing/not constant, you may have to wait a day until  
the silica gel is conditioned before recalibrating the instrument.  
11.3.4. MAINTAINING THE EXTERNAL SAMPLE PUMP (PUMP PACK)  
11.3.4.1. Rebuilding the Pump  
The sample pump head periodically wears out and must be replaced when the RCEL pressure exceeds  
10 in-Hg-A (at sea level, adjust this value accordingly for elevated locations).  
A pump rebuild kit is available from the factory. Refer to the label on the pump for the part number.  
Instructions and diagrams are included in the kit.  
A flow and leak check after rebuilding the sample pump is recommended.  
A span check and re-calibration after this procedure is necessary as the response of the analyzer  
changes with the RCEL pressure.  
11.3.4.2. Replacing the Scrubber  
CAUTION!  
Do NOT attempt to change the contents of the inline exhaust scrubber  
cartridge; change the entire cartridge.  
1. Through the SETUP>MORE>DIAG menu turn OFF the OZONE GEN OVERRIDE.  
Wait 10 minutes to allow pump to pull room air through scrubber before proceeding  
to step 2.  
2. Disconnect exhaust line from analyzer.  
3. Turn off (unplug) analyzer sample pump.  
4. Disconnect tubing from (NOx or charcoal) scrubber cartridge.  
5. Remove scrubber from system.  
6. Dispose of according to local laws.  
7. Install new scrubber into system.  
8. Reconnect tubing to scrubber and analyzer.  
9. Turn on pump.  
10. Through the SETUP menu (per Step 1 above) turn ON the OZONE GEN  
OVERRIDE.  
11.3.5. CHANGING THE PUMP DFU FILTER  
The exhaust air from the analyzer passes a small particle filter (Dry Filter Unit (DFU - filter), P/N FL3)  
before entering the pump. It should be replaced when:  
It becomes visibly dirty or;  
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The pressure differential between the test functions SAMP and RCEL increases significantly.  
11.3.5.1. Procedure for Replacing Filters on External Pumps  
1. Power down the analyzer and pump.  
2. For internally mounted filters, skip the next two steps.  
3. Remove the analyzer exhaust tube from the dust filter.  
4. Remove the particle filter from the pump by pushing the white plastic ring into the  
fitting and pulling the filter out of the fitting.  
If necessary, use needle-nose pliers to pry the filter out of the fittings.  
5. Push a new filter into the pump fitting and ensure that the arrow on the filter points  
towards the pump.  
6. Push the exhaust tubing onto the filter. Skip the next two steps.  
7. For internally mounted filters at the inside rear panel, remove the chassis and locate  
the filter between the vacuum manifold and the exhaust port fitting.  
8. Disconnect the clear tubing from the filter body and change the filter with the arrow  
pointing against the gas flow. To remove the hose clamps, slide the two clamp  
ends in opposite directions with a needle-nose pliers until the clamp comes apart.  
Reconnect the tubing by using the same or new clamps and pushing tightening  
them until a good seal is achieved.  
9. Restart the pump and clear any error warnings from the front panel display.  
10. After about 5 minutes, check the RCEL pressure reading and ensure that it is  
similar to its value before changing the filter but less than 10 in-Hg-A.  
11.3.5.2. Procedure for Replacing Filters on Internal Pumps  
1. Power down the analyzer and pump.  
2. Remove the chassis top and locate the filter between the vacuum manifold and the  
exhaust port fitting.  
3. Disconnect the clear tubing from the filter body and change the filter with the arrow  
pointing against the gas flow.  
4. To remove the hose clamps, slide the two clamp ends in opposite directions with a  
needle-nose pliers until the clamp comes apart.  
5. Reconnect the tubing by using the same or new clamps and pushing tightening  
them until a good seal is achieved.  
6. Restart the pump and clear any error warnings from the front panel display.  
7. After about 5 minutes, check the RCEL pressure reading and ensure that it is  
similar to its value before changing the filter (but less than 10 in-Hg-A).  
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11.3.6. CHANGING THE INTERNAL SPAN GAS GENERATOR PERMEATION  
TUBE  
1. Turn off the analyzer, unplug the power cord and remove the cover.  
2. Locate the permeation tube (see Figure 3-5) oven in the rear left of the analyzer.  
3. Remove the top layer of insulation if necessary.  
4. Unscrew the black aluminum cover of the oven (3 screws) using a medium Phillips-  
head screw driver.  
Leave the fittings and tubing connected to the cover.  
5. Remove the old permeation tube and replace it with the new tube.  
Ensure that the tube is placed into the larger of two holes and that the open  
permeation end of the tube (plastic) is facing up.  
6. Re-attach the cover with three screws.  
Ensure that the three screws are tightened evenly.  
7. Replace the analyzer cover, plug the power cord back in and turn on the analyzer.  
8. Carry out a span check to see if the new permeation device works properly (see  
Section 9.3.4).  
9. The permeation rate may need several days to stabilize.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
Do not leave instrument turned off for more than 8 hours without  
removing the permeation tube. Do not ship the instrument without  
removing the permeation tube. The tube continues to emit NO2, even at  
room temperature and will contaminate the entire instrument.  
11.3.7. CHANGING THE EXTERNAL ZERO AIR SCRUBBER (OPT 86C)  
The external zero air scrubber that is included with several of the 9110T’s optional calibration valve  
packages contains two chemicals:  
Pink Purafil© (P/N CH 9)that converts NO in the ambient air to NO2, and;  
Black, charcoal (P/N CH 1) that absorbs the NO2 thereby creating zero air.  
These chemicals need to be replaced periodically (see Table 11-1) or as needed.  
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CAUTION!  
The following procedures apply only to the External Zero Air Scrubber and NOT  
to the inline exhaust scrubber cartridge that is part of the pump pack assembly.  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
This procedure can be carried out while the instrument is running,  
however ensure that the analyzer is not in ZERO calibration mode.  
1. Locate the scrubber on the outside rear panel; Figure 11-4 shows the exploded  
assembly.  
2. Remove the old scrubber by disconnecting the 1/4” plastic tubing from the DFU  
particle filter using 9/16” and 1/2" wrenches.  
3. Remove the DFU particle filter from the cartridge using 9/16” wrenches.  
4. Unscrew the top of the scrubber canister and discard the Purafil© and charcoal  
contents.  
Ensure to abide to local laws about discarding these chemicals.  
The rebuild kit (listed in Appendix B) comes with a Material and Safety Data  
Sheet, which contains more information on these chemicals.  
5. It is not necessary to remove the insert from the barrel, but if removed, perform the  
following procedure:  
Coat the threads of the insert with epoxy (TAI P/N CH32).  
Hand tighten insert to barrel.  
6. It is not necessary to remove the nylon tube fitting from the insert, but if removed,  
apply Teflon tape (TAI P/N HW36) to the threads of the nylon tube fitting before  
installing on the insert.  
7. Refill the scrubber with charcoal at the bottom and the Purafil© chemical at the top.  
Use three, white retainer pads to separate the chemicals as shown Figure 11-4  
8. Replace the screw-top cap and tighten the cap; hand-tighten only.  
9. If necessary, replace the filter with a new unit and discard the old. See Section  
11.3.7.1.  
The bottom retainer pad should catch most of the dust, the filter should not be  
visibly dirty (on the inside).  
10. Replace the scrubber assembly into its clips on the rear panel.  
11. Reconnect the plastic tubing to the fitting of the DFU particle filter.  
12. Adjust the scrubber cartridge such that it does not protrude above or below the  
analyzer in case the instrument is mounted in a rack.  
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If necessary, squeeze the clips for a tighter grip on the cartridge.  
Figure 11-4:  
Zero Air Scrubber Assembly  
11.3.7.1. Changing the External Scrubber’s DFU Filter  
There is also a DFU filter on the inlet of the external zero air scrubber that is included in several of the  
optional calibration valve packages.  
To change this filter:  
1. Disconnect the tube and fitting from one end and remove the filter from the scrubber  
canister.  
2. Insert a new filter and reattach the tubing.  
3. Ensure that the small arrow embedded on the filter points in flow direction, i.e., to  
analyzer.  
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11.3.8. CHANGING THE NO2 CONVERTER  
The NO2 converter is located in the center of the instrument, Figure 3-5 for the location, and Figure 11-5  
for the assembly.  
The converter is designed for replacement of the cartridge only; the heater with built-in thermocouple is  
to be reused.  
CAUTION!  
Wear gloves prior to changing the NO2 Converter to ensure that the fiberglass  
insulation does not come into contact with your skin.  
1. Turn off the analyzer power.  
2. Remove the instrument cover and allow the converter to cool.  
3. Remove the converter assembly cover as well as the Moly insulation (top layer and  
corner cut out layers) until the Moly converter assembly can be seen.  
CAUTION  
HOT SURFACE HAZARD  
The converter operates at 315º C. Severe burns can result if the assembly is not  
allowed to cool.  
Do not handle the assembly until it is at room temperature. This may take several  
hours  
4. Remove the tube fittings from the Moly converter assembly.  
5. Disconnect the power and the thermocouple from the Moly converter assembly.  
6. Unscrew the steel cable clamp (for the power leads) from the converter housing  
with a Phillips-head screw driver.  
7. Remove the Moly converter assembly (converter cartridge and band heater) from  
the converter housing.  
Make a note of the orientation of the tubes relative to the heater cartridge.  
8. Unscrew the band heater and loosen it.  
9. Remove the old converter cartridge.  
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Figure 11-5:  
NO2 Converter Assembly  
10. Wrap the band heater around the new replacement converter cartridge and tighten  
the screws using a high-temperature anti-seize agent (TAI P/N CH42) such as  
copper paste.  
Ensure to use proper alignment of the heater with respect to the converter  
tubes.  
11. Replace the Moly converter assembly by routing the cables through the holes in the  
converter housing and reconnecting them properly.  
12. Reconnect the steel cable clamp around the power leads for safe operation.  
13. Reattach the tube fittings to the converter and replace the Moly insulation (top layer  
and corner cut out layers).  
14. Reinstall the converter assembly cover.  
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15. Reinstall the instrument cover and power up the analyzer.  
16. Allow the converter to burn-in for 24 hours, and then recalibrate the instrument.  
11.3.9. CLEANING THE REACTION CELL  
A dirty reaction cell will cause excessive noise, drifting zero or span values, low response or a  
combination of all.  
To clean the reaction cell, it is necessary to remove it from the sensor housing.  
1. Turn off the instrument power and vacuum pump. Refer to Figure 11-6 for the  
following procedure.  
2. Disconnect the black 1/4" exhaust tube and the 1/8” sample and ozone air tubes  
from the reaction cell. Disconnect the heater/thermistor cable.  
3. Remove two screws (TAI P/N SN144) and two washers holding the reaction cell to  
the PMT housing and lift the cell and manifold out.  
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Figure 11-6:  
Reaction Cell Assembly  
4. Remove two screws (Teledyne P/N SN150) and two washers.  
5. The reaction cell will separate into two halves, the stainless steel manifold assembly  
and the black plastic reaction cell with window gasket, stainless steel reaction cell  
sleeve, optical filter and O-rings.  
6. The reaction cell (both plastic part and stainless steel sleeve) and optical filter  
should be cleaned with Distilled Water (DI - Water) and a clean tissue, and dried  
thereafter.  
7. Usually it is not necessary to clean the sample and ozone flow orifices since they  
are protected by sintered filters.  
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If tests show that cleaning is necessary, refer to Section 11.3.10 on how to  
clean the critical flow orifice.  
8. Do not remove the sample and ozone nozzles. They are Teflon threaded and  
require a special tool for reassembly. If necessary, the manifold with nozzles  
attached can be cleaned in an ultrasonic bath.  
9. Reassemble in proper order and re-attach the reaction cell to the sensor housing.  
Reconnect pneumatics and heater connections, then re-attach the pneumatic  
sensor assembly and the cleaning procedure is complete.  
10. After cleaning the reaction cell, it is also recommended to exchange the ozone  
supply air filter chemical as described in Section 11.3.3.  
11. After cleaning, the analyzer span response may drop 10 - 15% in the first 10 days  
as the reaction cell window conditions. This is normal and does not require another  
cleaning.  
11.3.10. REPLACING CRITICAL FLOW ORIFICES  
There are several critical flow orifices installed in the 9110T (see Figure 13-9 for a pneumatic location of  
each orifice). Despite the fact that these flow restrictors are protected by sintered stainless steel filters,  
they can, on occasion, clog up, particularly if the instrument is operated without sample filter or in an  
environment with very fine, sub-micron particle-size dust.  
Figure 11-7:  
Critical Flow Orifice Assembly  
To clean or replace a critical flow orifice:  
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1. Turn off power to the instrument and vacuum pump.  
2. Remove the analyzer cover and locate the reaction cell (Figure 11-5 and Figure  
11-6).  
3. Unscrew the 1/8” sample and ozone air tubes from the reaction cell.  
4. For orifices on the reaction cell (Figure 11-6): Unscrew the orifice holder with a  
9/16” wrench.  
This part holds all components of the critical flow assembly as shown in Figure  
11-7.  
Appendix B contains a list of spare part numbers.  
5. For orifices in the vacuum manifold: the assembly is similar to the one shown in  
Figure 11-7, except:  
Without the orifice holder, P/N 04090, and bottom O-ring, P/N OR34 and;  
With an NPT fitting in place of the FT 10 fitting.  
6. After taking off the connecting tube, unscrew the NPT fitting.  
7. Take out the components of the assembly:  
spring  
sintered filter  
two O-rings  
the orifice  
Note  
For the vacuum manifold only, you may need to use a scribe or pressure  
from the vacuum port to get the parts out of the manifold.  
8. Discard the two O-rings and the sintered filter and install new ones.  
9. Reassemble the parts as shown in Figure 11-7.  
10. Reinstall the critical flow orifice assembly into the reaction cell manifold or the  
vacuum manifold.  
11. Reconnect all tubing, power up the analyzer and pump. After a warm-up period of  
30 minutes, carry out a leak test as described in Section 13.3.12.  
11.3.11. CHECKING FOR LIGHT LEAKS  
When re-assembled or operated improperly, the 9110T can develop small gaps around the PMT, which  
let stray light from the analyzer surrounding into the PMT housing. To find such light leaks, follow the  
procedures below.  
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CAUTION – QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY  
This procedure is carried out with the analyzer running and its cover removed.  
1. Scroll the front panel display to show then test function to PMT.  
2. Supply zero gas to the analyzer.  
3. With the instrument still running, carefully remove the analyzer cover.  
WARNING – ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD  
Do NOT touch any of the inside wiring with the metal cover or with your body.  
Do NOT drop screws or tools into a running analyzer.  
4. Shine a powerful flashlight or portable incandescent light at the inlet and outlet  
fitting and at all of the joints of the reaction cell as well as around the PMT housing.  
The PMT value should not respond to the light, the PMT signal should remain  
steady within its usual noise floor.  
5. If there is a PMT response to the external light, symmetrically tighten the reaction  
cell mounting screws or replace the 1/4” vacuum tubing with new, black PTFE  
tubing (this tubing will fade with time and become transparent).  
Note  
Often, light leaks are also caused by O-rings being left out of the  
assembly.  
6. If, during this procedure, the black PMT housing end plate for the Sensor Assembly  
is removed, ensure to replace the 5 desiccant bags inside the housing.  
7. Carefully replace the analyzer cover. If tubing was changed, carry out a pneumatic  
leak check.  
11.3.12. CHECKING FOR PNEUMATIC LEAKS  
CAUTION - TECHNICAL INFORMATION  
Do not exceed 15 psi when pressurizing the system during either Simple or  
Detailed checks.  
11.3.12.1. Simple Vacuum Leak and Pump Check  
Leaks are the most common cause of analyzer malfunction. This section presents a simple leak check,  
whereas the next section details a more thorough procedure. The method described here is easy, fast and  
detects, but does not locate, most leaks. It also verifies the sample pump condition.  
1. Turn the analyzer ON, and allow at least 30 minutes for flows to stabilize.  
2. Cap the sample inlet port (cap must be wrench-tight).  
3. After several minutes, when the pressures have stabilized, note the SAMP (sample  
pressure) and the RCEL (vacuum pressure) readings.  
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If both readings are equal to within 10% and less than 10 in-Hg-A, the  
instrument is free of large leaks.  
It is still possible that the instrument has minor leaks.  
If both readings are < 10 in-Hg-A, the pump is in good condition.  
A new pump will create a pressure reading of about 4 in-Hg-A (at sea level).  
11.3.12.2. Detailed Pressure Leak Check  
If a leak cannot be located by the above procedure, obtain a leak checker similar to Teledyne P/N 01960,  
which contains a small pump, shut-off valve, and pressure gauge to create both over-pressure and  
vacuum. Alternatively, a tank of pressurized gas, with the two-stage regulator adjusted to ≤ 15 psi, a  
shutoff valve and a pressure gauge may be used.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
Once tube fittings have been wetted with soap solution under a  
pressurized system, do not apply or reapply vacuum as this will cause  
soap solution to be sucked into the instrument, contaminating inside  
surfaces.  
1. Turn OFF power to the instrument and remove the instrument cover.  
2. Install a leak checker or a tank of gas (compressed, oil-free air or nitrogen) as  
described above on the sample inlet at the rear panel.  
3. Disconnect the pump tubing on the outside rear panel and cap the pump port.  
If IZS or zero/span valves are installed, disconnect the tubing from the zero and  
span gas ports and plug them (Figure 3-3).  
Cap the DFU particle filter on the Perma Pure dryer.  
4. Pressurize the instrument with the leak checker or tank gas, allowing enough time  
to fully pressurize the instrument through the critical flow orifice.  
Check each tube connection (fittings, hose clamps) with soap bubble solution,  
looking for fine bubbles.  
Once the fittings have been wetted with soap solution, do not reapply vacuum  
as it will draw soap solution into the instrument and contaminate it.  
Do not exceed 15 psi pressure.  
5. If the instrument has the zero and span valve option, the normally closed ports on  
each valve should also be separately checked.  
Connect the leak checker to the normally closed ports and check with soap  
bubble solution.  
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6. If the analyzer is equipped with an IZS Option Connect the leak checker to the Dry  
Air inlet and check with soap bubble solution.  
7. Once the leak has been located and repaired, the leak-down rate of the indicated  
pressure should be less than 1 in-Hg-A (0.4 psi) in 5 minutes after the pressure is  
turned off.  
8. Clean surfaces from soap solution, reconnect the sample and pump lines and  
replace the instrument cover.  
9. Restart the analyzer.  
11.3.12.3. Performing a Sample Flow Check  
IMPORTANT  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Use a separate, calibrated flow meter capable of measuring flows between  
0 and 1000 cm³/min to measure the gas flow rate though the analyzer. Do  
not use the built in flow measurement viewable from the front panel of the  
instrument.  
This value is only calculated, not measured.  
Sample flow checks are useful for monitoring the actual flow of the instrument, as the front panel  
display shows only a calculated value. A decreasing, actual sample flow may point to slowly clogging  
pneumatic paths, most likely critical flow orifices or sintered filters. To perform a sample flow check:  
1. Disconnect the sample inlet tubing from the rear panel SAMPLE port.  
2. Attach the outlet port of a flow meter to the sample inlet port on the rear panel.  
Ensure that the inlet to the flow meter is at atmospheric pressure.  
3. The sample flow measured with the external flow meter should be 500 cm³/min ±  
10%.  
If a combined sample/ozone air Perma Pure dryer is installed (optional  
equipment), the flow will be 640 cm³/min ± 10% (500 cm³/min for the sample  
and 80 cm³/min for the ozone generator supply air and 60 cm³/min for the purge  
flow).  
4. Low flows indicate blockage somewhere in the pneumatic pathway.  
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12. TROUBLESHOOTING & SERVICE  
This section contains a variety of methods for identifying the source of performance problems with the  
analyzer. Also included in this section are procedures that are used in repairing the instrument.  
Note:  
To support your understanding of the technical details of maintenance,  
Section 13, Principles of Operation, provides information about how the  
instrument works.  
CAUTION  
The operations outlined in this section must be performed by qualified  
maintenance personnel only.  
WARNING  
RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK  
Some operations need to be carried out with the analyzer open and  
running.  
Exercise caution to avoid electrical shocks and electrostatic or  
mechanical damage to the analyzer.  
Do not drop tools into the analyzer or leave those after your procedures.  
Do not short or touch electric connections with metallic tools while  
operating inside the analyzer.  
Use common sense when operating inside a running analyzer.  
The front panel of the analyzer is hinged at the bottom and may be  
opened to gain access to various components mounted on the panel  
itself or located near the front of the instrument (such as the particulate  
filter).  
Note  
Remove the locking screw located at the right-hand side of the front  
panel.  
12.1. GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING  
The 9110T Nitrogen Oxide analyzer has been designed so that problems can be rapidly detected,  
evaluated and repaired. During operation, it continuously performs diagnostic tests and provides the  
ability to evaluate its key operating parameters without disturbing monitoring operations.  
A systematic approach to troubleshooting will generally consist of the following five steps:  
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1. Note any WARNING MESSAGES and take corrective action as necessary.  
2. Examine the values of all TEST functions and compare them to factory values.  
Note any major deviations from the factory values and take corrective action.  
3. Use the internal electronic status LEDs to determine whether the electronic  
communication channels are operating properly.  
Verify that the DC power supplies are operating properly by checking the  
voltage test points on the relay PCA.  
Note that the analyzer’s DC power wiring is color-coded and these colors match  
the color of the corresponding test points on the relay PCA.  
4. Suspect a leak first!  
Customer service data indicate that the majority of all problems are eventually  
traced to leaks in the internal pneumatics of the analyzer or the diluent gas and  
source gases delivery systems.  
Check for gas flow problems such as clogged or blocked internal/external gas  
lines, damaged seals, punctured gas lines, a damaged / malfunctioning pumps,  
etc.  
5. Follow the procedures defined in Section 3.4.3 to confirm that the analyzer’s vital  
functions are working (power supplies, CPU, relay PCA, touchscreen, PMT cooler,  
etc.).  
See Figure 3-5 or the general layout of components and sub-assemblies in the  
analyzer.  
See the wiring interconnect diagram and interconnect list in Appendix D.  
12.1.1. FAULT DIAGNOSIS WITH WARNING MESSAGES  
The most common and/or serious instrument failures will result in a warning message being displayed on  
the front panel. Table 12-1 lists warning messages, along with their meaning and recommended  
corrective action.  
It should be noted that if more than two or three warning messages occur at the same time, it is often an  
indication that some fundamental sub-system (power supply, relay PCA, motherboard) has failed rather  
than an indication of the specific failures referenced by the warnings.  
The analyzer will alert the user that a Warning Message is active by flashing the FAULT LED and  
displaying the Warning message in the Param field along with the CLR button (press to clear Warning  
message). The MSG button displays if there is more than one warning in queue or if you are in the TEST  
menu and have not yet cleared the message.  
The following display/touch screen examples provide an illustration of each:  
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The analyzer will also alert the user via the Serial I/O COMM port(s).  
To view or clear the various warning messages press:  
If a warning message persists after  
several attempts to clear it, the message  
may indicate a real problem and not an  
artifact of the warm-up period.  
Suppresses the  
warning messages.  
CAL  
CAL  
CAL  
MSG CLR SETUP  
CLR SETUP  
returns the active  
warnings to the message  
field.  
TEST  
TEST  
Press  
to clear the current  
message.  
MSG  
SETUP  
SETUP  
SETUP  
If more than one warning is  
active, the next message will take  
its place.  
Once the last warning has  
been cleared, the analyzer’s  
display will return to its  
standard Sample Mode  
configuration.  
The display will continually  
cycle between showing the  
current NOX, NO and NO2  
concentrations.  
CAL  
MSG  
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Table 12-1: Front Panel Warning Messages  
WARNING  
FAULT CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES  
AZERO valve not working  
Valve control driver failed  
Bad Relay PCA  
Failed +12 VDC power supply  
Gas leak across AZERO Valve ports  
Dirty Reaction Cell  
Auto-zero reading above 200 mV.  
AZERO WARN  
XXX.X MV  
Value shown in message indicates  
auto-zero reading at time warning  
was displayed.  
O3 flow problem to RCELL  
Box Temperature typically runs ~7C warmer than ambient  
temperature  
Poor/blocked ventilation to the analyzer  
Stopped Exhaust-Fan  
Box Temp is < 7C  
BOX TEMP WARNING  
or > 48C.  
Ambient Temperature outside of specified range  
Measured concentration value is too high or low  
Concentration Slope value to high or too low  
Dynamic Span operation failed.  
Dynamic Zero operation failed.  
CANNOT DYN SPAN  
CANNOT DYN ZERO  
CONFIG INITIALIZED  
Measured concentration value is too high  
Concentration Offset value to high  
Failed Disk on Module  
User erased data  
Configuration and Calibration data  
reset to original Factory state.  
Heater configured for wrong voltage type  
Failed converter Temperature Sensor  
Relay controlling the Heater is not working  
Failed Relay Board  
NO2 NO Converter temperature <  
CONV TEMP WARNING  
DATA INITIALIZED  
305C or > 325C.  
Failed Disk-on-Module  
User cleared data.  
Data Storage in DAS was erased.  
No +15 VDC power supply to Preamplifier PCA  
Drive voltage not adjusted properly  
Failed PMT Preamplifier PCA  
Dirty reaction cell  
High voltage power supply output  
outside of warning limits specified by  
HVPS_SET variable.  
HVPS WARNING  
Bad pneumatic flow  
Heater configured for wrong voltage type  
Failed permeation tube Temperature Sensor  
Relay controlling the Heater is not working  
Failed Relay Board  
Permeation tube oven temperature is  
IZS TEMP WARNING  
< 45C or > 55C.  
Failed Sample Pump  
Blocked O3 dryer  
Blocked inlet/outlet to O3 purifier  
Dirty O3 dryer DFU  
OZONE FLOW  
WARNING  
O3 flow rate is < 50 cc/min or >  
150 cc/min.  
Leak downstream of RCELL  
Failed O3 Flow Sensor  
Ozone generator is off. This is the  
only warning message that  
automatically clears itself. It clears  
itself when the ozone generator is  
turned on.  
O3 generator override is turned ON.  
Electrical connection between motherboard and generator is  
faulty.  
OZONE GEN OFF  
Bad +15VDC power supply  
PMT fan not operating  
Failed PMT Temperature Sensor  
TEC not functioning  
Sample temperature is < 5C or >  
PMT TEMP WARNING  
12C.  
Failed PMT Preamp PCA  
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POSSIBLE CAUSES  
WARNING  
FAULT CONDITION  
If Sample Pressure is < 15 in-HG:  
Sample Pressure is <15 in-Hg or >  
35 in-Hg  
Blocked Particulate Filter  
Blocked Sample Inlet/Gas Line  
Failed Pressure Senor/circuitry  
Normally 29.92 in-Hg at sea level  
decreasing at 1 in-Hg per 1000 ft of  
altitude (with no flow – pump  
disconnected).  
RCELL PRESS WARN  
If Sample Pressure is > 35 in-HG:  
Bad Pressure Sensor/circuitry  
Pressure too high at Sample Inlet.  
Heater configured for wrong voltage type  
Failed RCELL Temperature Sensor  
Relay controlling the heater is not working  
Failed Relay Board  
RCELL temperature is < 45C or >  
RCELL TEMP WARNING  
55C.  
I2C Bus  
This WARNING only appears on Serial I/O COMM Port(s) Front  
Panel Display will be frozen, blank or will not respond.  
Failure of Motherboard  
Motherboard not detected on  
power up.  
REAR BOARD NOT DET  
RELAY BOARD WARN  
I2C Bus failure  
The CPU cannot communicate with  
the Relay Board.  
Failed Relay Board  
Loose connectors/wiring  
Failed Sample Pump  
Blocked Sample Inlet/Gas Line  
Dirty Particulate Filter  
Leak downstream of RCELL Critical Flow Orifice  
Failed Sample Pressure Sensor  
Failed Vacuum Pressure Sensor  
Sample flow rate is < 350 cc/min or >  
600 cc/min.  
SAMPLE FLOW WARN  
SYSTEM RESET  
This message occurs at power on.  
If it is confirmed that power has not been interrupted:  
Failed +5 VDC power  
The computer has rebooted.  
Fatal Error caused software to restart  
Loose connector/wiring  
Note  
A failure of the analyzer’s CPU, motherboard or power supplies can result  
in any or ALL of the above messages.  
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12.1.2. FAULT DIAGNOSIS WITH TEST FUNCTIONS  
In addition to being useful as predictive diagnostic tools, the test functions viewable from the analyzers  
front panel can be used to isolate and identify many operational problems when combined with a  
thorough understanding of the analyzer’s principles of operation (see Section 13).  
The acceptable ranges for these test functions are listed in the “Nominal Range” column of the analyzer  
Final Test and Validation Data Sheet (P/N 04490) shipped with the instrument. Values outside these  
acceptable ranges indicate a failure of one or more of the analyzer’s subsystems. Functions whose  
values are still within acceptable ranges but have significantly changed from the measurement recorded  
on the factory data sheet may also indicate a failure.  
A worksheet has been provided in Appendix C to assist in recording the value of these test functions.  
Note  
Note  
A value of “XXXX” displayed for any of these TEST functions indicates an  
OUT OF RANGE reading.  
Sample Pressure measurements are represented in terms of ABSOLUTE  
pressure because this is the least ambiguous method reporting gas  
pressure.  
Absolute atmospheric pressure is about 29.92 in-Hg-A at sea level. It  
decreases about 1 in-Hg per 1000 ft gain in altitude. A variety of factors  
such as air conditioning systems, passing storms, and air temperature,  
can also cause changes in the absolute atmospheric pressure.  
Table 12-2: Test Functions - Indicated Failures  
TEST FUNCTION  
INDICATED FAILURE(S)  
NOX STB  
SAMP FlW  
OZONE FL  
PMT  
Unstable concentrations; leaks  
Leaks; clogged critical flow orifice  
Leaks; clogged critical flow orifice  
Calibration off; HVPS problem; no flow (leaks)  
NORM PMT  
AZERO  
Auto Zero too high  
Leaks; malfunctioning NO, NOx or Auto Zero valve; O3 air filter cartridge exhausted  
HVPS  
Calibration off; preamp board circuit problems  
RCELL TEMP  
BOX TEMP  
PMT TEMP  
IZS TEMP (option)  
Malfunctioning heater; relay board communication (I2C bus); relay burnt out  
Environment out of temperature operating range; broken thermistor  
TEC cooling circuit broken; relay board communication (I2C bus); 12 V power supply  
Malfunctioning heater; relay board communication (I2C bus); relay burnt out  
Malfunctioning heater; disconnected or broken thermocouple; relay board communication  
(I2C bus); relay burnt out; incorrect AC voltage configuration  
MOLY TEMP  
RCEL (pressure)  
SAMP (pressure)  
NOX SLOPE  
Leak; malfunctioning valve; malfunctioning pump; clogged flow orifices  
Leak; malfunctioning valve; malfunctioning pump; clogged flow orifices; sample inlet  
overpressure  
HVPS out of range; low-level (hardware) calibration needs adjustment; span gas  
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INDICATED FAILURE(S)  
concentration incorrect; leaks  
NOX OFFset  
NO SLOPE  
NO OFFSet  
TIME  
Incorrect span gas concentration; low-level calibration off  
HVPS out of range; low-level calibration off; span gas concentration incorrect; leaks  
Incorrect span gas concentration; low-level calibration off  
Internal clock drifting; move across time zones; daylight savings time?  
12.1.3. DIAG SIGNAL I/O: USING THE DIAGNOSTIC SIGNAL I/O  
FUNCTION  
The signal I/O diagnostic mode allows access to the digital and analog I/O in the analyzer. Some of the  
digital signals can be controlled through the touchscreen. These signals, combined with a thorough  
understanding of the instrument’s principles of operation (Section 13), are useful for troubleshooting in  
three ways:  
The technician can view the raw, unprocessed signal level of the analyzer’s critical inputs and  
outputs.  
Many of the components and functions that are normally under algorithmic control of the CPU can  
be manually exercised.  
The technician can directly control the signal level Analog and Digital Output signals.  
This allows the technician to observe systematically the effect of directly controlling these signals on the  
operation of the analyzer. Following is an example of how to use the Signal I/O menu to view the raw  
voltage of an input signal or to control the state of an output voltage or control signal.  
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Figure 12-1:  
Example of Signal I/O Function  
Note  
Any I/O signals changed while in the signal I/O menu will remain in effect  
ONLY until signal I/O menu is exited. The Analyzer regains control of  
these signals upon exit.  
See Appendix A for a complete list of the parameters available for review  
under this menu.  
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12.2. USING THE ANALOG OUTPUT TEST CHANNEL  
The signals available for output over the 9110T’s analog output channel can also be used as diagnostic  
tools. See Section 5.9.2 for instruction on activating the analog output and selecting a function.  
Table 12-3: Test Channel Outputs as Diagnostic Tools  
TEST  
CHANNEL  
FULL  
SCALE  
CAUSES OF EXTREMELY  
HIGH / LOW READINGS  
DESCRIPTION  
ZERO  
0 mV  
Failed PMT  
PMT Temperature too High/Low  
Bad PMT Preamp PCA  
Failed HVPS  
Misadjusted HVPS drive Voltage  
Light Leak in reaction cell  
The output of the PMT  
detector converted to a 0  
to 5 VDC scale.  
PMT  
DETECTOR  
5000 mV  
The flow rate of O3  
through the analyzer as  
measured by the O3 flow  
sensor  
OZONE  
FLOW  
0
1000  
Check for Gas Flow problems in the O3 gas lines.  
Check for Gas Flow problems in the sample gas lines.  
Check for Gas Flow problems in the sample gas lines.  
cm3/min  
cm3/min  
The calculated flow rate  
for sample gas through  
the analyzer.  
SAMPLE  
FLOW  
0
1000  
cm3/min  
cm3/min  
The pressure of the  
sample gas measured  
upstream of the Auto  
Zero Valve  
SAMPLE  
PRESSURE  
0 In-Hg-A  
40 In-Hg-A  
The pressure of gas  
inside the reaction cell of  
the sensor module  
RCELL  
PRESSURE  
Check for Gas Flow problems in all gas lines.  
0 In-Hg-A  
40 In-Hg-A  
The temperature of gas  
inside the reaction cell of  
the sensor module  
Same as RCELL TEMP WARNING in Table 12-1.  
RCELL TEMP  
IZS TEMP  
0 C  
70 C  
The temperature of the  
permeation tube oven of  
the optional internal span  
gas generator.  
Same as IZS TEMP WARNING in Table 12-1.  
0 C  
70 C  
The temperature NO2   
Same as CONV TEMP WARNING in Table 12-1.  
Same as PMT TEMP WARNING in Table 12-1.  
Same as BOX TEMP WARNING in Table 12-1.  
CONV TEMP  
PMT TEMP  
BOX TEMP  
0 mV  
0 C  
0 C  
5000 mV  
50 C  
NO converter  
The temperature inside  
PMT  
The temperature inside  
the 9110T’s chassis  
70 C  
Represents the output  
voltage of the PMT's high  
voltage power supply  
HVPS  
VOLTAGE  
Same as HVPSWARNING in Table 12-1.  
0 mV  
5000 mV  
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12.3. USING THE INTERNAL ELECTRONIC STATUS LEDS  
Several LEDs are located inside the instrument to assist in determining if the analyzer’s CPU, I2C bus  
and Relay PCA are functioning properly.  
12.3.1. CPU STATUS INDICATOR  
DS5, a red LED, that is located on upper portion of the motherboard, just to the right of the CPU board,  
flashes when the CPU is running the main program loop. After power-up, approximately 30 – 60  
seconds, DS5 should flash on and off. If characters are written to the front panel display but DS5 does  
not flash then the program files have become corrupted, contact TAI's Customer Service Department  
(see Section 12.10) because it may be possible to recover operation of the analyzer. If after 30 – 60  
seconds, neither DS5 is flashing nor have any characters been written to the front panel display then the  
CPU is bad and must be replaced.  
Motherboard  
CPU Status LED  
Figure 12-2:  
CPU Status Indicator  
12.3.2. RELAY PCA STATUS LEDS  
There are sixteen LEDs located on the Relay PCA. Some are not used on this model.  
12.3.2.1. I2C Bus Watchdog Status LEDs  
The most important is D1, which indicates the health of the I2C bus.  
Table 12-4: Relay PCA Watchdog LED Failure Indications  
LED  
Function  
Fault Status  
Indicated Failure(s)  
Failed/Halted CPU  
Faulty Motherboard, Touchscreen or Relay PCA  
Faulty Connectors/Wiring between Motherboard,  
Touchscreen or Relay PCA  
Continuously ON  
or  
Continuously OFF  
D1  
(Red)  
I2C bus Health  
(Watchdog Circuit)  
Failed/Faulty +5 VDC Power Supply (PS1)  
If D1 is blinking, then the other LEDs can be used in conjunction with DIAG Menu Signal I/O to  
identify hardware failures of the relays and switches on the Relay PCA.  
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12.3.2.2. Relay PCA Status LEDs  
D10 (Green) – NO/NOx Valve  
D9 (Green) – AutoZero Valve  
D8 (Green) – Optional Sample/Cal Valve  
D7 (Green) – Optional Zero/Span Valve  
D3 (Yellow) NO2 NO Converter Heater  
D2 (Yellow) Reaction Cell Heater  
D5 (Yellow) – Optional Internal Span Gas Gen Heater  
D11 (Green) – Optional Dual Span Select Valve  
D12 (Green) – Optional Pressurized Span Shutoff Valve  
D13 (Green) – Optional Pressurized Zero Shutoff Valve  
D1 (RED)  
Watchdog Indicator  
Figure 12-3:  
Relay PCA Status LEDS Used for Troubleshooting  
Table 12-5: Relay PCA Status LED Failure Indications  
FAULT  
STATUS  
LED  
LED ROW 1  
D2  
COLOR  
FUNCTION  
INDICATED FAILURE(S)  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Heater broken, thermistor broken  
Yellow  
Yellow  
Green  
Green  
Green  
Green  
Reaction Cell heater  
NO2 converter heater  
Zero/Span valve status  
Sample/Cal valve status  
Auto-zero valve status  
NO/NOx valve status  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Heater broken, thermocouple broken  
D3  
D7  
D8  
D9  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip broken  
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip broken  
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip broken  
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip broken  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
D10  
LED ROW 2  
D5  
Internal span gas generator  
perm tube heater  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Heater broken, thermistor broken  
Yellow  
Green  
Green  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip broken  
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip broken  
D11  
D12  
Dual span select valve  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Pressurized Span shutoff valve  
Continuously  
ON or OFF  
Valve broken or stuck, valve driver chip broken  
N/A  
D13  
Green  
Green  
Pressurized Zero shutoff valve  
Spare  
N/A  
D14- 16  
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12.4. GAS FLOW PROBLEMS  
The 9110T has two main flow paths, the sample flow and the flow of the ozone supply air. With IZS or  
zero/span valve option installed, there is a third (zero air) and a fourth (span gas) flow path, but either  
one of those is only controlled by critical flow orifices and not displayed on the front panel or stored to  
the DAS.  
Flow is too high  
Flow is greater than zero, but is too low, and/or unstable  
Flow is zero (no flow)  
When troubleshooting flow problems, it is essential to confirm the actual flow rate without relying on the  
analyzer’s flow display. The use of an independent, external flow meter to perform a flow check as  
described in Section 11.3.12.3 is essential. Refer to the pneumatic flow diagrams as needed for  
reference.  
12.4.1. ZERO OR LOW FLOW PROBLEMS  
12.4.1.1. Sample Flow is Zero or Low  
The 9110T does not actually measure the sample flow but rather calculates it from a differential pressure  
between sample and vacuum manifold. On flow failure, the unit will display a SAMPLE FLOW  
WARNING on the front panel display and the respective test function reports XXXX instead of a value  
“0”. This message applies to both a flow rate of zero as well as a flow that is outside the standard range  
(350-600 cm³/min).  
If the analyzer displays XXXX for the sample flow, confirm that the external sample pump is operating  
and configured for the proper AC voltage.  
Whereas the 9110T can be internally configured for two different power regimes (100-120 V and  
220-240 V, either 50 or 60 Hz), the external pump is physically different for each of three power  
regimes (100 V / 50 Hz, 115 V / 60 Hz and 230 V / 50 Hz).  
If the pump is not running, use an AC Voltmeter to ensure that the pump is supplied with the proper  
AC power. If AC power is supplied properly, but the pump is not running, replace the pump.  
Note  
Sample and vacuum pressures mentioned in this chapter refer to  
operation of the analyzer at sea level. Pressure values need to be  
adjusted for elevated locations, as the ambient pressure decreases by  
about 1 in-Hg per 300 m / 1000 ft.  
If the pump is operating but the unit reports a XXXX gas flow, take the following three steps:  
1. Check for actual sample flow.  
To check the actual sample flow, disconnect the sample tube from the sample  
inlet on the rear panel of the instrument.  
Ensure that the unit is in basic SAMPLE mode.  
Place a finger over the inlet and see if it gets sucked in by the vacuum or, more  
properly, use a flow meter to measure the actual flow.  
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If there is proper flow of around 450-550 cm³/min, contact customer service.  
If there is no flow or low flow, continue with the next step.  
2. Check pressures.  
Check that the sample pressure is at or around 28 in-Hg-A at sea level (adjust  
as necessary when in elevated location, the pressure should be about 1” below  
ambient atmospheric pressure) and that the RCEL pressure is below 10 in-Hg-  
A.  
The 9110T will calculate a sample flow up to about 14 in-Hg-A RCEL pressure  
but a good pump should always provide less than 10 in.  
If both pressures are the same and around atmospheric pressure, the pump  
does not operate properly or is not connected properly. The instrument does  
not get any vacuum.  
If both pressures are about the same and low (probably under 10 in-Hg-A, or  
~20” on sample and 15” on vacuum), there is a cross-leak between sample flow  
path and vacuum, most likely through the Perma Pure dryer flow paths. See  
troubleshooting the Perma Pure dryer later in this chapter.  
If the sample and vacuum pressures are around their nominal values (28 and  
<10 in-Hg-A, respectively) and the flow still displays XXXX, carry out a leak  
check as described in Section 13.3.12.  
If gas flows through the instrument during the above tests but goes to zero or is  
low when it is connected to zero air or span gas, the flow problem is not internal  
to the analyzer but likely caused by the gas source such as  
calibrators/generators, empty gas tanks, clogged valves, regulators and gas  
lines.  
If an IZS or Zero/Span valve option is installed in the instrument, press CALZ  
and CALS. If the sample flow increases, suspect a bad Sample/Cal valve.  
3. If none of these suggestions help, carry out a detailed leak check of the  
analyzer as described in Section 11.3.12.2.  
12.4.1.2. Ozone Flow is Zero or Low  
If there is zero or a low (<50 cm³/min) ozone flow, the unit displays an OZONE FLOW WARNING  
message on the front panel and a value between 0.0 and 50 cm³/min for the actual ozone flow as  
measured by the internal mass flow meter. In this case, carry out the following steps:  
1. Check the actual flow rate through the ozone dryer by using an external flow  
meter to the inlet port of the dryer.  
This inlet port is inside the analyzer at the end of the plastic particle filter  
(Section 11.3.2 for illustration).  
If there is nominal flow (about 160 cm³/min from 80 cm³/min O3 flow and 80  
cm³/min purge flow), consult customer service as there is a problem with the  
firmware or electronics.  
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2. If the actual flow is low or zero, check if the pump operates properly. The  
RCEL pressure should be below 10 in-Hg-A at sea level.  
If it is above 10”, rebuild the pump (Section 11.3.4.1). Check the spare parts list  
in Appendix B on how to order pump rebuild kits.  
3. Check if the particle filter is clogged.  
Briefly remove the particle filter to see if this improves the flow.  
Be very cautious when handling the Perma Pure dryer fittings (see Section  
11.3.2 on proper handling instructions).  
If the filter is clogged, replace it with a new unit.  
If taking off this filter does not solve the problem, continue to the next step.  
Do not leave the Perma Pure dryer without filter for more than a few seconds,  
as you may draw in dust, which will reduce the performance of the dryer.  
4. A leak between the flow meter and the reaction cell (where the flow-  
determining critical orifice is located) may cause a low flow (the system  
draws in ambient air through a leak after the flow meter).  
Check for leaks as described in Section 11.3.12.  
Repair the leaking fitting, line or valve and re-check.  
5. The most likely cause for zero or low ozone flow is a clogged critical flow  
orifice or sintered filter within the orifice assembly.  
The orifice that sets the ozone flow is located on the reaction cell.  
Check the actual ozone flow by disconnecting the tube from the reaction cell  
and measuring the flow going into the cell.  
If this flow is correct (~80 cm³/min), the orifice works properly.  
If this flow is low, replace the sintered filter.  
The orifice holder assembly allows a quick and easy replacement of the filter  
(see Section 11.3.5 and on for replacement procedures).  
Appendix B lists a spare part kit with a complete orifice assembly that allows a  
quick replacement with minimum instrument down-time.  
12.4.1.3. High Flow  
Flows that are significantly higher than the allowed operating range (typically ±10-11% of the nominal  
flow) should not occur in the 9110T unless a pressurized sample, zero or span gas is supplied to the inlet  
ports.  
Ensure to vent excess pressure and flow just before the analyzer inlet ports.  
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When supplying sample, zero or span gas at ambient pressure, a high flow would indicate that one or  
more of the critical flow orifices are physically broken (very unlikely case), allowing more than nominal  
flow, or were replaced with an orifice of wrong specifications.  
If the flows are within 15% higher than normal, we recommend measuring and recalibrating the flow  
electronically using the procedure in Section 10, followed by a regular review of these flows over  
time to see if the new setting is retained properly.  
Also, check the flow assembly o-rings and replace as needed.  
12.4.1.4. Sample Flow is Zero or Low but Analyzer Reports Correct Flow  
Note that the 9110T analyzer can report a correct flow rate even if there is no or a low actual sample  
flow through the reaction cell.  
The sample flow on the 9110T is only calculated from the sample pressure and critical flow condition  
is verified from the difference between sample pressure and vacuum pressure.  
If the critical flow orifice assembly is partially or completely clogged, both the sample and vacuum  
pressures are still within their nominal ranges (the pump keeps pumping, the sample port is open to  
the atmosphere), but there is no flow possible through the reaction cell.  
Although measuring the actual flow is the best method, in most cases, this fault can also be diagnosed by  
evaluating the two pressure values.  
Since there is no longer any flow, the sample pressure should be equal to ambient pressure, which  
is about 1 in-Hg-A higher than the sample pressure under normal operation.  
The reaction cell pressure, on the other hand, is significantly lower than under normal operation,  
because the pump no longer has to remove 500 cm³/min of sample gas and evacuates the reaction  
cell much better.  
Those two indicators, taken together with a zero or low actual flow, indicate a clogged sample  
orifice.  
The 9110T features a new orifice holder, which makes switching sample and ozone flow orifices very  
easy; refer to Section 11.3.10 on how to change the sample orifices and to Appendix B for part numbers  
of these assemblies.  
Again, monitoring the pressures and flows regularly will reveal such problems, because the pressures  
would slowly or suddenly change from their nominal, mean values. Teledyne recommends to review all  
test data once per week and to do an exhaustive data analysis for test and concentration values once per  
month, paying particular attention to sudden or gradual changes in all parameters that are supposed to  
remain constant, such as the flow rates.  
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12.5. CALIBRATION PROBLEMS  
This section describes possible causes of calibration problems.  
12.5.1. NEGATIVE CONCENTRATIONS  
Negative concentration values can be caused for several reasons:  
A slight, negative signal is normal when the analyzer is operating under zero gas and the signal is  
drifting around the zero calibration point.  
This is caused by the analyzer’s zero noise and may cause reported concentrations to be  
negative for a few seconds at a time down to -20 ppb, but should randomly alternate with  
similarly high, positive values.  
The 9110T has a built-in Auto Zero function, which should take care of most of these  
deviations from zero, but may yield a small, residual, negative value.  
If larger, negative values persist continuously, check if the Auto Zero function was  
accidentally turned off using the remote variables in Appendix A-2.  
In this case, the sensitivity of the analyzer may be drifting negative.  
A corruption of the Auto Zero filter may also cause negative concentrations.  
If a short, high noise value was detected during the Auto Zero cycle, that higher reading will  
alter the Auto Zero filter value.  
As the value of the Auto Zero filter is subtracted from the current PMT response, it will  
produce a negative concentration reading.  
High Auto Zero readings can be caused by  
a leaking or stuck Auto Zero valve (replace the valve),  
by an electronic fault in the preamplifier causing it to have a voltage on the  
PMT output pin during the Auto Zero cycle (replace the preamplifier),  
by a reaction cell contamination causing high background (>40 mV) PMT  
readings (clean the reaction cell),  
by a broken PMT temperature control circuit, allowing high zero offset  
(repair the faulty PMT cooler). After fixing the cause of a high Auto Zero  
filter reading, the 9110T will take 15 minutes for the filter to clear itself, or  
by an exhausted chemical in the ozone cleanser (see Section 11.3.3).  
Calibration error is the most likely explanation for negative concentration values.  
If the zero air contained some NO or NO2 gas (contaminated zero air or a worn-out zero air  
scrubber) and the analyzer was calibrated to that concentration as “zero”, the analyzer may  
report negative values when measuring air that contains little or no NOx.  
The same problem occurs, if the analyzer was zero-calibrated using zero gas that is  
contaminated with ambient air or span gas (cross-port leaks or leaks in supply tubing or  
user not waiting long enough to flush pneumatic systems).  
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If the response offset test functions for NO (NO OFFS) or NOX (NOX OFFS) are greater than  
150 mV, a reaction cell contamination is indicated.  
Clean the reaction cell as described in Section 11.3.9.  
12.5.2. NO RESPONSE  
If the instrument shows no response (display value is near zero) even though sample gas is supplied  
properly and the instrument seems to perform correctly.  
1. Carry out an electrical test with the ELECTRICAL TEST procedure in the  
diagnostics menu, see Section 12.7.12.2.  
If this test produces a concentration reading, the analyzer’s electronic signal  
path is correct.  
2. Carry out an optical test using the OPTIC TEST procedure in the diagnostics  
menu, see Section 12.7.12.1.  
If this test results in a concentration signal, then the PMT sensor and the  
electronic signal path are operating properly.  
If the 9110T passes both ETEST and OTEST, the instrument is capable of  
detecting light and processing the signal to produce a reading.  
Therefore, the problem must be in the pneumatics or the ozone generator.  
3. Check if the ozone generator is turned on.  
Usually, the analyzer issues a warning whenever the ozone generator is turned  
off.  
Go to SETUP-MORE-DIAG-ENTR, then scroll to the OZONE GEN OVERRIDE  
and see if it shows ON.  
If it shows OFF, turn it ON and EXIT the DIAG menu.  
If this is done and the ozone flow is correct, the analyzer should be properly  
supplied with ozone unless the generator itself is broken.  
4. Confirm the lack of response by supplying NO or NO2 span gas of about  
80% of the range value to the analyzer.  
5. Check the sample flow and ozone flow rates for proper values.  
6. Check for disconnected cables to the sensor module.  
7. If NO2 signal is zero while NO signal is correct, check the NO/NOx valve  
and the NO2 converter for proper operation.  
12.5.3. UNSTABLE ZERO AND SPAN  
Leaks in the 9110T or in the external gas supply and vacuum systems are the most common source of  
unstable and non-repeatable concentration readings.  
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1. Check for leaks in the pneumatic systems as described in Section 11.3.12.  
2. Consider pneumatic components in the gas delivery system outside the  
9110T such as a change in zero air source (ambient air leaking into zero air  
line or a worn-out zero air scrubber) or a change in the span gas  
concentration due to zero air or ambient air leaking into the span gas line.  
3. Once the instrument passes a leak check, do a flow check (this chapter) to  
ensure that the instrument is supplied with adequate sample and ozone air.  
4. Confirm the sample pressure, sample temperature, and sample flow readings  
are correct and steady.  
5. Verify that the sample filter element is clean and does not need to be  
replaced.  
12.5.4. INABILITY TO SPAN - NO SPAN BUTTON (CALS)  
In general, the 9110T will not display certain buttons whenever the actual value of a parameter is outside  
of the expected range for that parameter. If the calibration menu does not show a SPAN button when  
carrying out a span calibration, the actual concentration must be outside of the range of the expected  
span gas concentration, which can have several reasons.  
1. Verify that the expected concentration is set properly to the actual span gas  
concentration in the CONC sub-menu.  
2. Confirm that the NOx span gas source is accurate.  
This can be done by comparing the source with another calibrated analyzer, or  
by having the NOx source verified by an independent traceable photometer.  
3. Check for leaks in the pneumatic systems as described in Section 11.3.12.  
Leaks can dilute the span gas and, hence, the concentration that the analyzer  
measures may fall short of the expected concentration defined in the CONC  
sub-menu.  
4. If the low-level, hardware calibration has drifted (changed PMT response) or  
was accidentally altered by the user, a low-level calibration may be  
necessary to get the analyzer back into its proper range of expected values.  
One possible indicator of this scenario is a slope or offset value that is outside  
of its allowed range (0.7-1.3 for slope, -20 to 150 for offsets). See Section  
12.8.4 on how to carry out a low-level hardware calibration.  
12.5.5. INABILITY TO ZERO - NO ZERO BUTTON (CALZ)  
In general, the 9110T will not display certain buttons whenever the actual value of a parameter is outside  
of the expected range for that parameter. If the calibration menu does not show a ZERO button when  
carrying out a zero calibration, the actual gas concentration must be significantly different from the  
actual zero point (as per last calibration), which may be for any of several reasons.  
1. Confirm that there is a good source of zero air. If the IZS option is installed,  
compare the zero reading from the IZS zero air source to a zero air source  
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using NOX-free air. Check any zero air scrubber for performance. It may  
need to be replaced (Section 11.3.4.2).  
2. Check to ensure that there is no ambient air leaking into zero air line. Check  
for leaks in the pneumatic systems as described in Section 11.3.12.  
12.5.6. NON-LINEAR RESPONSE  
The 9110T was factory calibrated to a high level of NO and should be linear to within 1% of full scale.  
Common causes for non-linearity are:  
Leaks in the pneumatic system:  
Leaks can add a constant of ambient air, zero air or span gas to the current sample gas  
stream, which may be changing in concentrations as the linearity test is performed.  
Check for leaks as described in Section 11.3.12.  
The calibration device is in error:  
Check flow rates and concentrations, particularly when using low concentrations.  
If a mass flow calibrator is used and the flow is less than 10% of the full scale flow on either  
flow controller, you may need to purchase lower concentration standards.  
The standard gases may be mislabeled as to type or concentration.  
Labeled concentrations may be outside the certified tolerance.  
The sample delivery system may be contaminated.  
Check for dirt in the sample lines or reaction cell.  
Calibration gas source may be contaminated (NO2 in NO gas is common).  
Dilution air contains sample or span gas.  
Ozone concentration too low because of wet air in the generator.  
Generator system needs to be cleaned and dried with dry supply air.  
Check the Perma Pure dryer for leaks.  
This mostly affects linearity at the low end.  
Ozone stream may be contaminated with impurities.  
An exhausted ozone cleanser chemical will let compounds such as HNO3 and ammonia  
derivatives break through to the reaction cell.  
Check the contents of the ozone cleanser and replace as necessary (Section 11.3.3).  
This also will affect linearity mostly at the low level.  
Sample inlet may be contaminated with NOx exhaust from this or other analyzers.  
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Verify proper venting of the pump exhaust.  
Span gas overflow is not properly vented and creates a back-pressure on the sample inlet port.  
Also, if the span gas is not vented at all and does not supply enough sample gas, the  
analyzer may be evacuating the sample line.  
Ensure to create and properly vent excess span gas.  
Diffusion of oxygen into Teflon-type tubing over long distances.  
PTFE or related materials can act as permeation devices. In fact, the permeable membrane  
of NO2 permeation tubes is made of PTFE.  
When using very long supply lines (> 1 m) between high concentrations span gases and the  
dilution system, oxygen from ambient air can diffuse into the line and react with NO to form  
NO2.  
This reaction is dependent on NO concentration and accelerates with increasing NO concentration,  
hence, affects linearity only at high NO levels.  
Using stainless steel for long span gas supply lines avoids this problem.  
12.5.7. DISCREPANCY BETWEEN ANALOG OUTPUT AND DISPLAY  
If the concentration reported through the analog outputs does not agree with the value reported on the  
front panel, you may need to recalibrate the analog outputs.  
This becomes more likely when using a low concentration or low analog output range.  
Analog outputs running at 0.1 V full scale should always be calibrated manually.  
See Section 5.9.3.2 for a detailed description of this procedure.  
12.5.8. DISCREPANCY BETWEEN NO AND NOX SLOPES  
If the slopes for NO and NOX are significantly different after software calibration (more than 1%),  
consider the following three problems:  
NO2 impurities in the NO calibration gas. NO gases often exhibit NO2 on the order of 1-2% of the  
NO value.  
This will cause differences in the calibration slopes. If the NO2 impurity in NO is known, it  
can easily be accounted for by setting the expected values for NO and NO2 accordingly to  
different values, e.g., 448 ppb NO and 450 ppb NOX.  
This problem is worse if NO gas is stored in a cylinder with balance air instead of balance  
gas nitrogen or large amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O).  
The oxygen in the air slowly reacts with NO to yield NO2, increasing over time.  
The expected concentrations for NO and NOX in the calibration menu are set to different values.  
If a gas with 100% pure NO is used, this would cause a bias.  
See Section 9.2.3.1 on how to set expected concentration values.  
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The converter efficiency parameter has been set to a value not equal to 1.000 even though the  
conversion efficiency is 1.0.  
The actual conversion efficiency needs to match the parameter set in the CAL menu.  
See Section 9.1.4 for more information on this feature.  
An instrument calibration with the IZS option (and expected concentrations set to the same amount) will  
always yield identical slopes for NO and NOX, as the instrument measures only NOX and assumes NO to  
be the same (with NO2 being zero).  
12.6. OTHER PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS  
Dynamic problems (i.e. problems that only manifest themselves when the analyzer is monitoring sample  
gas) can be the most difficult and time consuming to isolate and resolve. The following section provides  
an itemized list of the most common dynamic problems with recommended troubleshooting checks and  
corrective actions.  
12.6.1. EXCESSIVE NOISE  
Excessive noise levels under normal operation usually indicate leaks in the sample supply or the analyzer  
itself. Ensure that the sample or span gas supply is leak-free and carry out a detailed leak check as  
described earlier in this chapter.  
Another possibility of excessive signal noise may be the preamplifier board, the high voltage power  
supply and/or the PMT detector itself.  
Contact the factory on troubleshooting these components.  
12.6.2. SLOW RESPONSE  
If the analyzer starts responding too slow to any changes in sample, zero or span gas, check for the  
following:  
Dirty or plugged sample filter or sample lines.  
Sample inlet line is too long.  
Leaking NO/NOX valve. Carry out a leak check.  
Dirty or plugged critical flow orifices. Check flows, pressures and, if necessary, change orifices  
(Section 11.3.10).  
Wrong materials in contact with sample - use glass, stainless steel or Teflon materials only. Porous  
materials, in particular, will cause memory effects and slow changes in response.  
Dirty reaction cell. Clean the reaction cell.  
Insufficient time allowed for purging of lines upstream of the analyzer. Wait until stability is low.  
Insufficient time allowed for NO or NO2 calibration gas source to become stable. Wait until stability  
is low.  
NO2 converter temperature is too low. Check for proper temperature.  
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12.6.3. AUTO ZERO WARNINGS  
Auto Zero warnings occur if the signal measured during an Auto Zero cycle is higher than 200 mV.  
Note  
The Auto-Zero warning displays the value of the Auto Zero reading when  
the warning occurs.  
If this value is higher than 150 mV, check that the Auto Zero valve is operating properly.  
To do so, use the SIGNAL I/O functions in the DIAG menu to toggle the valve on and off.  
Listen if the valve is switching, see if the respective LED on the relay board is indicating  
functionality.  
Scroll the TST functions until PMT is displayed and observe the PMT value change between the two  
valve states.  
If the valve is operating properly, you should be able to hear it switch (once a minute under  
normal operation or when manually activated from the SIGNAL I/O menu):  
the PMT value should drop from span gas reading (e.g., 800-900 mV at  
400 ppb NO) to less than 150 mV and;  
the LED on the relay board should light up when the valve is activated.  
If the PMT value drops significantly but not to less than 150 mV, the valve is probably  
leaking across its ports.  
In this case, replace the valve.  
If the PMT value does not change at all, the valve is probably not switching at all.  
Check the power supply to the valve (12 V to the valve should turn on and  
off when measured with a voltmeter).  
Note  
It takes only a small leak across the ports of the valve to show excessive  
Auto Zero values when supplying high concentrations of span gas.  
Another reason for high (although not necessarily out-of-range) values for Auto Zero could be the ozone  
air filter cartridge, if its contents have been exhausted and needs to be replaced.  
This filter cartridge chemicals that can cause chemiluminescence and, if saturated, these chemicals  
can break through to the reaction cell, causing an erroneously high Auto Zero value (background  
noise).  
A dirty reaction cell can cause high Auto Zero values.  
Clean the reaction cell according to Section 11.3.9.  
Finally, a high HVPS voltage value may cause excess background noise and a high AZERO value.  
The HVPS value changes from analyzer to analyzer and could show nominal values between 450  
and 800 V.  
Check the low-level hardware calibration of the preamplifier board and, if necessary, recalibrate  
exactly as described in Section 12.8.4 in order to minimize the HVPS.  
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12.7. SUBSYSTEM CHECKOUT  
The preceding sections of this manual discussed a variety of methods for identifying possible sources of  
failures or performance problems within the analyzer. In most cases this included a list of possible  
causes and, in some cases, quick solutions or at least a pointer to the appropriate sections describing  
them. This section describes how to determine if a certain component or subsystem is actually the cause  
of the problem being investigated.  
12.7.1. AC MAIN POWER  
The 9110T analyzer’s electronic systems will operate with any of the specified power regimes. As long  
as system is connected to 100-120 VAC or 220-240 VAC at either 50 or 60 Hz it will turn on and after  
about 30 seconds show a front panel display.  
Internally, the status LEDs located on the Relay PCA, Motherboard and CPU should turn on as soon  
as the power is supplied.  
If they do not, check the circuit breaker built into the ON/OFF switch on the instruments front panel.  
If the instrument is equipped with an internal pump, it will begin to run. If it does not:  
Verify that the pump power configuration plug is properly wired (see Section 13.7.1.1 and  
Figure 13-27)  
If the configuration plug is set for 230 VAC and the instrument is plugged into 115 VAC or  
100 VAC the sample pump will not start.  
If the configuration plug is set for 115 or 100 VAC and the unit is plugged into a 230 VAC circuit, the  
circuit breaker built into the ON/OFF Switch on the front panel will trip to the OFF position  
immediately after power is switched on.  
9110T’s without internal pumps that are configured for 230 V will still turn on at 115 V, but the  
heaters may burn out or not heat up fast enough.  
WARNING – ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD  
Should the AC power circuit breaker trip, investigate and correct the condition  
causing this situation before turning the analyzer back on.  
12.7.2. DC POWER SUPPLY  
If you have determined that the analyzer’s AC mains power is working, but the unit is still not operating  
properly, there may be a problem with one of the instrument’s switching power supplies. The supplies  
can have two faults, namely no DC output, and noisy output.  
To assist tracing DC Power Supply problems, the wiring used to connect the various printed circuit  
assemblies and DC Powered components and the associated test points on the relay PCA follow a  
standard color-coding scheme as defined in the following table.  
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Table 12-6:  
DC Power Test Point and Wiring Color Codes  
NAME  
DGND  
+5V  
TEST POINT#  
COLOR  
Black  
Red  
DEFINITION  
Digital ground  
1
2
3
4
5
6
AGND  
+15V  
-15V  
Green  
Blue  
Analog ground  
Yellow  
Purple  
+12R  
12 V return  
(ground) line  
+12V  
Orange  
7
TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 TP7  
DGND +5V AGND +15V -15V +12R 12V  
Figure 12-4:  
Location of DC Power Test Points on Relay PCA  
A voltmeter should be used to verify that the DC voltages are correct per the values in the table below,  
and an oscilloscope, in AC mode, with band limiting turned on, can be used to evaluate if the supplies  
are producing excessive noise (> 100 mV p-p).  
Table 12-7: DC Power Supply Acceptable Levels  
VOLTAGE  
CHECK RELAY BOARD TEST POINTS  
MIN V  
MAX V  
POWER  
SUPPLY  
FROM  
Test Point  
TO  
Test Point  
NAME  
DGND  
#
1
3
3
3
1
6
6
NAME  
#
2
PS1  
PS1  
PS1  
PS1  
PS1  
PS2  
PS2  
+5  
+15  
+5  
+15  
+4.85  
+13.5  
-13.5  
-0.05  
-0.05  
+11.8  
-0.05  
+5.25  
+16.0  
-16.0  
+0.05  
+0.05  
+12.5  
+0.05  
AGND  
4
-15  
AGND  
-15V  
5
AGND  
Chassis  
+12  
AGND  
DGND  
Chassis  
+12V  
DGND  
1
DGND  
N/A  
7
+12V Ret  
+12V Ret  
DGND  
1
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12.7.3. I2C BUS  
Operation of the I2C bus can be verified by observing the behavior of D1 on the relay PCA & D2 on the  
Valve Driver PCA. Assuming that the DC power supplies are operating properly, the I2C bus is operating  
properly if D1 on the relay PCA and D2 of the Valve Driver PCA are flashing  
There is a problem with the I2C bus if both D1 on the relay PCA and D2 of the Valve Driver PCA are  
ON/OFF constantly.  
12.7.4. LCD/DISPLAY MODULE  
TOUCHSCREEN INTERFACE  
Assuming that there are no wiring problems and that the DC power supplies are operating properly, the  
display screen should light and show the splash screen and other indications of its state as the CPU goes  
through its initialization process.  
12.7.5. RELAY PCA  
The Relay PCA can be most easily checked by observing the condition of the status LEDs on the Relay  
PCA (see Section 12.3.2), and using the SIGNAL I/O submenu under the DIAG menu (see Section  
12.1.3) to toggle each LED ON or OFF.  
If D1 on the Relay PCA is flashing and the status indicator for the output in question (Heater power,  
Valve Drive, etc.) toggles properly using the Signal I/O function, then the associated control device on  
the Relay PCA is bad.  
Several of the control devices are in sockets and can be easily replaced. The following table lists the  
control device associated with a particular function:  
Table 12-8:  
Relay PCA Control Devices  
FUNCTION  
CONTROL DEVICE  
SOCKETED  
All valves  
U5  
K1  
K2  
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
Reaction Cell Heater  
NO2 NO Converter heater  
Permeation Tube Heater for  
Optional Internal Span Gas Generator  
K4  
Yes  
12.7.6. MOTHERBOARD  
12.7.6.1. Test Channel / Analog Outputs Voltage  
The ANALOG OUTPUT submenu, located under the SETUP MORE DIAG menu is used to  
verify that the 9110T analyzer’s three analog outputs are working properly. The test generates a signal  
on all three outputs simultaneously as shown in the following table:  
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Table 12-9: Analog Output Test Function - Nominal Values Voltage Outputs  
FULL SCALE OUTPUT OF VOLTAGE RANGE  
(see Section 5.9.3.1)  
100MV  
1V  
5V  
10V*  
STEP  
%
0
NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE  
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
2
20  
40  
60  
80  
100  
20 mV  
40 mV  
60 mV  
80 mV  
100 mV  
0.2  
0.4  
0.6  
0.8  
1.0  
4
6
8
10  
* For 10V output, increase the Analog Output Calibration Limits (AOUT CAL LIM in the  
DIAG>Analog I/O Config menu) to 4% (offset limit) and 20% (slope limit).  
For each of the steps the output should be within 1% of the nominal value listed except for the 0% step,  
which should be within 0mV ±2 to 3 mV. Ensure you take into account any offset that may have been  
programmed into channel (See Section 5.9.3.9).  
If one or more of the steps fails to be within these ranges, it is likely that there has been a failure of the  
either or both of the Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) and their associated circuitry on the  
motherboard. To perform the test connect a voltmeter to the output in question and perform an analog  
output step test as follows:  
SETUP X.X  
SETUP X.X  
CFG DAS RNGE PASS CLK  
EXIT  
EXIT  
EXIT  
SETUP X.X  
DIAG  
COMM VARS  
PREV  
ENTR EXIT  
DIAG AOUT  
DIAG AOUT  
Performs analog output step  
test 0% to 100%  
· Pressing the “x%” button pauses the  
test. Brackets will appear around the  
value: EXAMPLE: [10%]  
· Pressing the “[x%]” button resumes the  
test.  
12.7.6.2. A/D Functions  
The simplest method to check the operation of the A-to-D converter on the motherboard is to use the  
Signal I/O function under the DIAG menu to check the two A/D reference voltages and input signals  
that can be easily measured with a voltmeter.  
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1. Use the Signal I/O function (see Section 12.1.3 and Appendix A) to view the value  
of REF_4096_MV and REF_GND.  
If both are within 3 mV of nominal (4096 and 0), and are stable, ±0.2 mV then  
the basic A/D is functioning properly. If not then the motherboard is bad.  
2. Choose a parameter in the Signal I/O function list (see Section 12.1.3) such as  
OZONE_FLOW .  
Compare this voltages at its origin (see the interconnect drawing and  
interconnect list in Appendix D) with the voltage displayed through the signal I/O  
function.  
If the wiring is intact but there is a large difference between the measured and  
displayed voltage (±10 mV) then the motherboard is bad.  
12.7.6.3. Status Outputs  
V
+DC Gnd  
Figure 12-5:  
Typical Set Up of Status Output Test  
To test the status output electronics:  
1. Connect a jumper between the “D" pin and the “” pin on the status output  
connector.  
2. Connect a 1000 ohm resistor between the “+” pin and the pin for the status output  
that is being tested.  
3. Connect a voltmeter between the “” pin and the pin of the output being tested.  
4. Under the DIAGSignal I/O menu (see Section 12.1.3), scroll through the inputs  
and outputs until you get to the output in question.  
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5. Alternately, turn on and off the output noting the voltage on the voltmeter.  
It should vary between 0 volts for ON and 5 volts for OFF.  
Table 12-10: Status Outputs Check  
PIN (LEFT TO RIGHT)  
STATUS  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ST_SYSTEM_OK  
ST_CONC_VALID  
ST_HIGH_RANGE  
ST_ZERO_CAL  
ST_SPAN_CAL  
ST_DIAG_MODE  
Not Used on 9110T  
ST_O2_CAL  
12.7.6.4. Control Inputs  
The control input bits can be tested by applying a trigger voltage to an input and watching changes in the  
status of the associated function under the SIGNAL I/O submenu:  
EXAMPLE: to test the “A” control input:  
1. Under the DIAGSignal I/O menu (see Section 12.1.3), scroll through the inputs  
and outputs until you get to the output named EXT_ZERO_CAL.  
2. Connect a jumper from the “+” pin on the appropriate connector to the “U” on the  
same connector.  
3. Connect a second jumper from the “” pin on the connector to the “A” pin.  
4. The status of EXT_ZERO_CAL should change to read “ON”.  
5. Connect a second jumper from the “” pin on the connector to the “B” pin.  
6. The status of EXT_ZERO_CAL should change to read “ON”.  
Table 12-11: 9110T Control Input Pin Assignments and Corresponding Signal I/O  
Functions  
INPUT  
CORRESPONDING I/O SIGNAL  
EXT_ZERO_CAL  
A
B
EXT_SPAN_CAL1  
NOT USED  
C, D, E& F  
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12.7.7. PRESSURE / FLOW SENSOR ASSEMBLY  
The flow and pressure sensors of the 9110T are located on a PCA just behind the PMT sensor (see  
Figure 3-5) can be checked with a Voltmeter.  
Figure 12-6:  
Pressure / Flow Sensor Assembly  
The following procedure assumes that the wiring is intact and that the motherboard and power supplies  
are operating properly:  
12.7.7.1. Basic PCA Operation Check:  
Measure the voltage between TP2 and TP1 C1 it should be 10 VDC ± 0.25 VDC. If not then the  
board is bad. Replace the PCA.  
12.7.7.2. Sample Pressure Sensor Check:  
1. Measure the pressure on the inlet side of S1 with an external pressure meter.  
2. Measure the voltage across TP4 and TP1.  
The expected value for this signal should be:  
EXAMPLE: If the measured pressure is 20 Hg-in-A, the expected voltage level between TP4 and TP1  
would be between 2870 mVDC and 3510 mVDC.  
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EXAMPLE: If the measured pressure is 25 Hg-in-A, the expected voltage level between TP4 and TP1  
would be between 3533 mVDC and 4318 mVDC.  
If this voltage is out of range, then either pressure transducer S1 is bad, the board is bad or there is  
a pneumatic failure preventing the pressure transducer from sensing the absorption cell pressure  
properly. Replace the PCA.  
12.7.7.3. Vacuum Pressure Sensor Check  
Measure the pressure on the inlet side of S2 with an external pressure meter.  
Measure the voltage across TP5 and TP1.  
Evaluate the reading in the same manner as for the sample pressure sensor.  
12.7.7.4. O3 Flow Sensor Check  
Measure the voltage across TP3 and TP1.  
With proper flow (80 cc3/min through the O3 generator), this should be approximately 2V ±  
0.25 (this voltage will vary with altitude).  
With flow stopped (photometer inlet disconnected or pump turned OFF) the voltage should  
be approximately 1V.  
If the voltage is incorrect, the flow sensor S3 is bad, the board is bad (replace the PCA) or  
there is a leak upstream of the sensor.  
12.7.8. CPU  
There are two major types of CPU board failures, a complete failure and a failure associated with the  
Disk On Module (DOM). If either of these failures occurs, contact the factory.  
For complete failures, assuming that the power supplies are operating properly and the wiring is intact,  
the CPU is faulty if on power-on, the watchdog LED on the motherboard is not flashing.  
In some rare circumstances, this failure may be caused by a bad IC on the motherboard, specifically  
U57, the large, 44 pin device on the lower right hand side of the board. If this is true, removing U57  
from its socket will allow the instrument to start up but the measurements will be invalid.  
If the analyzer stops during initialization (the front panel display shows a fault or warning message),  
it is likely that the DOM, the firmware or the configuration and data files have been corrupted.  
12.7.9. RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS  
12.7.9.1. General RS-232 Troubleshooting  
TAI's analyzers use the RS-232 communications protocol to allow the instrument to be connected to a  
variety of computer-based equipment. RS-232 has been used for many years and as equipment has  
become more advanced, connections between various types of hardware have become increasingly  
difficult. Generally, every manufacturer observes the signal and timing requirements of the protocol  
very carefully.  
Problems with RS-232 connections usually center around 4 general areas:  
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Incorrect cabling and connectors. See Section 3.3.1.8, Figure 3-13 for connector and pin-out  
information.  
The BAUD rate and protocol are incorrectly configured. See Section 6.2.2.  
If a modem is being used, additional configuration and wiring rules must be observed. See Section  
8.3  
Incorrect setting of the DTE – DCE Switch. See Section 6.1 to set correctly.  
Verify that cable (P/N 03596) that connects the serial COMM ports of the CPU to J12 of the  
motherboard is properly seated.  
12.7.9.2. Troubleshooting Analyzer/Modem or Terminal Operation  
These are the general steps for troubleshooting problems with a modem connected to a Teledyne  
analyzer.  
1. Check cables for proper connection to the modem, terminal or computer.  
2. Check to ensure that the DTE-DCE is in the correct position as described in  
Section 6.1.  
3. Check to ensure that the set up command is correct (see Section 8.3).  
4. Verify that the Ready to Send (RTS) signal is at logic high. The 9110T sets  
pin 7 (RTS) to greater than 3 volts to enable modem transmission.  
5. Ensure that the BAUD rate, word length, and stop bit settings between  
modem and analyzer match. See Section 6.2.2.  
6. Use the RS-232 test function to send “w” characters to the modem, terminal  
or computer. See Section 6.2.3.  
7. Get your terminal, modem or computer to transmit data to the analyzer  
(holding down the space bar is one way); the green LED should flicker as the  
instrument is receiving data.  
8. Ensure that the communications software or terminal emulation software is  
functioning properly.  
Note  
Further help with serial communications is available in a separate manual  
“RS-232 Programming Notes” TAI P/N 01350.  
12.7.10. NO2 NO CONVERTER  
Provided that oxygen was present in the Sample stream during operation for the NO2 converter to  
function properly, the NO2 converter assembly can fail in two ways:  
An electrical failure of the band heater and/or the thermocouple control circuit and;  
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A performance failure of the converter itself.  
12.7.10.1. NO2 NO Converter Electrical System  
NO2 converter heater failures can be divided into two possible problems:  
Temperature is reported properly but heater does not heat to full temperature.  
In this case, the heater is either disconnected or broken or the power relay is broken.  
Disconnect the heater cable coming from the relay board and measure  
the resistance between any two of the three heater leads with a multi-  
meter.  
The resistance between A and B should be about 1000 Ω.  
That between A and C should be the same as between B and C, about  
500 Ω each.  
If any of these resistances is near zero or without continuity, the heater is  
broken.  
Temperature reports zero or overload (near 500° C).  
This indicates a disconnected or failing thermocouple or a failure of the thermocouple circuit.  
Check that the thermocouple is connected properly and the wire does not  
show signs of a broken or kinked pathway.  
If it appears to be properly connected, disconnect the yellow  
thermocouple plug (marked K) from the relay board and measure the  
voltage (not resistance) between the two leads with a multi-meter  
capable of measuring in the low mV range.  
The voltage should be about 12 mV (ignore the sign) at 315° C and about  
0 mV at room temperature.  
Measure the continuity with an Ohm-meter.  
It should read close to zero Ω. If the thermo-couple does not have continuity, it is broken.  
If it reads zero voltage at elevated temperatures, it is broken.  
To test the thermocouple at room temperature, heat up the converter can (e.g., with a heat gun) and  
see if the voltage across the thermocouple leads changes.  
If the thermocouple is working properly, the electronic circuit is broken.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
If the thermocouple is broken, do NOT replace the thermocouple without first  
consulting the factory; using the wrong Type could cause permanent damage to  
the instrument. The Type K thermocouple has a red and a yellow wire. If in  
doubt, consult the factory.  
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12.7.10.2. NO2 Conversion Efficiency  
The efficiency at which the NO2 NO converter changes NO2 into NO directly effects the accuracy of  
the 9110T’s NOx, NO and NO2 measurements. The 9110T firmware includes a Converter Efficiency  
(CE) gain factor that is multiplied by the NO2 and NOX measurements to calculate the final  
concentrations for each. This gain factor is stored in the analyzer’s memory.  
The default setting for the NO2 converter efficiency is 1.0000. Over time, the molybdenum in the NO2  
NO converter oxidizes and it becomes less efficient at converting NO2 into NO.  
To ensure accurate operation of the 9110T, it is important to check the NO2 conversion efficiency  
periodically and to update this value as necessary.  
For the analyzer to function correctly, the converter efficiency must be between 0.9600 and 1.0200  
(96-102% conversion efficiency) as per US-EPA requirements.  
If the converter’s efficiency is outside these limits, the NO2 converter should be replaced.  
The current converter efficiency level is also recorded along with the calibration data in the DAS for  
documentation and performance analysis (Section 7).  
12.7.10.3. Calculating / Checking Converter Efficiency  
The 9110T to automatically calculate the current NO2 conversion efficiency by comparing a known  
starting concentration of NO2 gas to the measured NO output of the converter. There are three steps to  
performing this operation.  
Step 1:  
Supply the analyzer with a known concentration of NO2 gas, to the analyzer.  
Figure 12-7:  
Setup for determining NO2 NO Efficiency – 9110T Base Configuration  
Step 2:  
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Input the starting NO2 concentration value into the 9110T by pressing:  
SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
CAL  
NO=XXXX  
<TST TST>  
SETUP  
This step only appears if the  
analyzer’s reporting range is  
set for AUTO range mode.  
SAMPLE  
RANGE TO CAL  
Select LOW and press ENTR.  
LOW HIGH  
ENTR EXIT  
Use these buttons to  
select the appropriate  
range.  
Repeat entire procedure for  
HIGH range.  
Repeat entire procedure  
for each range.  
SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NO=XXXX  
<TST TST> CAL  
SETUP  
SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NO=XXXX  
<TST TST> ZERO  
CONC  
SETUP  
M-P CAL  
CONCENTRATON MENU  
NOX NO CONV  
EXIT  
EXIT  
Converter Efficiency Menu  
M-P CAL  
CONVERTER EFICIENCY MENU  
NO2 CAL SET  
The expected NO2 span  
concentration value defaults  
to 400.0 Conc.  
M-P CAL  
NO2 CE CONC: 500.0 Conc  
0
4
0
0.  
0
0
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle these buttons  
to change this value to  
the concentration of  
the NO2 gas being  
used.  
Make sure that you specify  
the actual concentration value  
of the NO2 gas.  
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STEP 3:  
To cause the analyzer to calculate and record the NO2 NO converter efficiency, press:  
Starting from  
CONVERTER EFFICIENCY MENU  
(see preceding steps)  
M-P CAL  
CONVERTER EFFICIENCY MENU  
NO2 CAL SET  
EXIT  
M-P CAL  
CE FACTOR:1000.0 Gain  
1.  
0
0
0
0
ENTR EXIT  
Toggle these  
buttons to initialize  
the converter  
efficiency at 1.0000.  
M-P CAL  
CONVERTER EFFICIENCY MENU  
NO2 CAL SET  
EXIT  
SAMPLE  
RANGE=500.0 PPB  
NOX= XXXX  
SETUP  
< TST TST >  
ENTR  
Toggle TST> button until ...  
Set the Display to show  
the NOX STB test  
function.  
This function calculates  
the stability of the NO/NOx  
measurement.  
SAMPLE  
NO2 STB=XX.X PPB  
<TST TST>  
SETUP  
Allow NO2 gas of the proper concetration to enter  
the sample port at the rear of the analyzer.  
Wait until NOX STB  
falls below 0.5 ppb.  
This may take several  
minutes.  
The analyzer  
calculates the  
converter’s  
efficiency.  
SAMPLE  
NO2 STB=XX.X PPB  
<TST TST> ENTR  
SETUP  
M-P CAL  
CONVERTER EFICIENCY MENU  
EXIT  
NO2 CAL SET  
Check the calculated efficiency  
gain factor.  
If the gain factor is NOT  
between 0.9600 and 1.0200,  
the  
M-P CAL  
0.  
CE FACTOR=0.9852 Gain  
ENTR EXIT  
8
8
5
2
NO2  
NO converter  
needs to be replaced.  
12.7.10.4. Evaluating NO2 NO Converter Performance  
If the converter appears to have performance problems (conversion efficiency is outside of allowed range  
of 96-102%), check the following:  
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Recalculate the converter efficiency (see previous section)  
Accuracy of NO2 source (GPT or gas tank standard).  
NO2 gas standards are typically certified to only ±2% and often change in concentrations  
over time. You should get the standard re-certified every year.  
If you use the GPT calibration, check the accuracy of the ozone source.  
Age of the converter.  
The NO2 converter has a limited operating life and may need to be replaced every ~3 years  
or when necessary (e.g., earlier if used with continuously high NO2 concentrations).  
We estimate a lifetime of about 10000 ppm-hours (a cumulative product of the NO2  
concentration times the exposure time to that concentration).  
This lifetime heavily depends on many factors such as:  
Absolute concentration (temporary or permanent poisoning of the  
converter is possible).  
Sample flow rate and pressure inside the converter.  
Converter temperature.  
Duty cycle.  
This lifetime is only an estimated reference and not a guaranteed lifetime.  
In some cases with excessive sample moisture, the oxidized molybdenum metal chips inside the  
converter cartridge may bake together over time and restrict air flow through the converter, in which  
case it needs to be replaced.  
To avoid this problem, we recommend the use of a sample gas conditioner (Section  
3.3.2.6).  
Section 11.3.8 describes how to replace the NO2 converter cartridge.  
With no NO2 in the sample gas and a properly calibrated analyzer, the NO reading is negative, while  
the NO2 reading remains around zero.  
The converter is destroying NO and needs to be replaced.  
With no NO2 in the sample gas and a properly calibrated analyzer, the NOX reading is significantly  
higher than the actual (gas standard) NO concentration.  
The converter is producing NO2 and needs to be replaced.  
12.7.11. SIMPLIFIED GPT CALIBRATION  
This section describes how to determine the NO2 NO converter’s efficiency using a GPT  
method where the actual concentration of ozone is not a factor in the accuracy of the calculation.  
This procedure is based on the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Chapter I, subchapter C, Part  
50, Appendix F.  
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In the following example a reference point of 450 ppb NO gas will be used. This is only an example.  
Any other reference points within measurement range of the instrument may be used.  
For this procedure use a calibrated O3 generator, such as a Teledyne T700.  
Note  
There must be a minimum of 10% more NO than O3 produced.  
Example, if the Ozone concentration used is 400 ppb then the NO  
concentration must be used must be 440 ppb or more.  
PART 1: PREPARATION  
1. Leak check machine to ensure that there are no leaks in the analyzer.  
2. Calibrate the instrument at the same NO span gas value as being used in this  
method.  
For this example 450 ppb NO span gas  
3. If you have input a converter efficiency (CE) factor into the instrument firmware (see  
12.7.10.3 ) other than 100%, change this back to 100% for the duration of this test.  
(CAL>CONC>CONV>SET).  
PART 2: DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF NO OUTGASSED BY THE NO2 NO  
CONVERTER.  
4. Bypass the NO2 NO converter by placing a short piece of tubing in the gas  
stream in place of the converter.  
5. Perform a straight dilution with 445 ppb NO gas & air as a diluent gas.  
6. Input the NO gas into the analyzer.  
7. Allow the machine to stabilize & write down the NOx value on line 2 of GPT data  
sheet (Section 12.7.11.1).  
8. Remove the converter bypass so that the NO gas is flowing through the NO2 NO  
converter  
9. Allow the machine to stabilize.  
10. Write down your NOx value on your data sheet on lines 3 AND line 5 of the GPT  
data sheet.  
11. Subtract line 2 from line 3 & write that number down on line 4. Also write the NO  
value on line 8 of the data sheet.  
The specification shown on the data sheet is the value that is used by TAI when performing  
the procedure on new NO2 NO converters.  
Older NO2 NO converters might outgas a bit more NO, therefore a slightly wider  
specification might be in order.  
If this value is a constant or changes only slightly over time, this is not a problem the  
machine will calibrate this out.  
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PART 3: PERFORM THE SIMPLIFIED GPT CALCULATION.  
12. Generate the same 450 ppb NO gas & input 400 ppb of O3 (or generate 450 ppb  
NO & 400 ppb NO2, if that’s what your calibrator says).  
13. Allow the instrument to stabilize for 10 minutes.  
14. Write down the NOx value on line 6 & the NO value on line 9.  
15. Subtract line 6 from line 6 & put that onto line 7.  
16. Subtract line 8 from line 7 & put that onto line 10.  
17. Write the number from line 7 into the blank next to letter A on line 11 & put the  
number from line 10 into the blank next to letter B on line 11.  
18. Divide A by B & multiply it by 100.  
19. Write this value it into the blank next to letter C on lines 11 and 12.  
20. Subtract that value from 100 & write it in the blank next to the letter D on line 12.  
21. This is the converter efficiency.  
This value should be >96%.  
For CEMS applications, a converter efficiency of <96% might be acceptable,  
depending on application & the guideline set up by the regulatory agency.  
In any application, check with your regulatory agency (agencies) to see what  
the minimum CE factor is before replacing the converter.  
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12.7.11.1. Simplified GPT Data Sheet  
Line # TEST  
RESULT  
1
2
3
4
5
6
LEAK-CHECK (WHEN HOT)  
YES / NO  
NOx RESPONSE (MOLY BYPASSED)  
NOx RESPONSE (MOLY IN-LINE)  
OUT-GASSING (NO – NOX)  
__________  
__________  
__________ (>-5 ppb, <5 ppb)  
__________ ppb  
__________ ppb  
(NOx ORIG  
)
(NOx mode, O3 off)  
(NOx mode, O3 on)  
(NOx REM  
)
7
NOx LOSS  
__________ (A)  
(<4% of NOx ORIG  
:
for 450PP 4% is 18 ppb)  
__________ ppb  
8
9
(NO ORIG  
)
(NO mode, O3 off)  
(NO mode, O3 on)  
(NO REM  
)
__________ ppb  
10 NO2  
__________ (B) (>300ppb)  
11 Efficiency LOSS [ ( A / B ) x 100 ] = [ ( ____A / ____B ) x 100 ] = ____C%  
12 Total Conv Eff [ 100% – C ] = 100% - ____C = _____D% ( > 96%)  
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12.7.12. PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE (PMT) SENSOR MODULE  
The PMT detects the light emitted by the reaction of NO with ozone. It has a gain of about 500000 to  
1000000. It is not possible to test the detector outside of the instrument in the field. The basic method to  
diagnose a PMT fault is to eliminate the other components using ETEST, OTEST and specific tests for  
other sub-assemblies.  
12.7.12.1. Optic Test  
The optic test function tests the response of the PMT sensor by turning on an LED located in the cooling  
block of the PMT (see Figure 13-20). The analyzer uses the light emitted from the LED to test its photo-  
electronic subsystem, including the PMT and the current to voltage converter on the pre-amplifier board.  
To ensure that the analyzer measures only the light coming from the LED, the analyzer should be  
supplied with zero air.  
The optic test should produce a PMT signal of about 2000±1000 mV.  
To activate the optics test, press:  
This is a coarse test for functionality and not an accurate calibration tool.  
The resulting PMT signal can vary significantly over time and also  
changes with low-level calibration.  
Note  
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The electrical test function creates a current, which is substituted for the PMT signal and feeds it into the  
preamplifier board.  
This signal is generated by circuitry on the pre-amplifier board itself and tests the filtering and  
amplification functions of that assembly along with the A/D converter on the motherboard.  
It does not test the PMT itself.  
The electrical test should produce a PMT signal of about 2000 ±1000 mV.  
To activate the electrical test, press:  
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12.7.13. PMT PREAMPLIFIER BOARD  
To check the correct operation of the preamplifier board, perform an the optics test (OTEST) and an  
electrical test (ETEST) described in Sections 12.7.12.1 and 12.7.12.2 above.  
If the instrument passes the OTEST but fails the ETEST, the preamplifier board may be faulty or  
need a hardware calibration.  
12.7.13.1. High Voltage Power Supply  
The HVPS is located in the interior of the sensor module and is plugged into the PMT tube. It requires 2  
voltage inputs.  
The first is +15 V, which powers the supply.  
The second is the programming voltage which is generated on the preamplifier board.  
Adjustment of the HVPS is covered in the factory calibration procedure in Section 12.8.4.  
This power supply has 10 independent power supply steps, one to each pin of the PMT. The following  
test procedure below allows you to test each step.  
1. Turn off the instrument.  
2. Remove the cover and disconnect the 2 connectors at the front of the NOX sensor  
module.  
3. Remove the end cap from the sensor (4 screws).  
4. Remove the HVPS/PMT assembly from the cold block inside the sensor (2 plastic  
screws).  
5. Disconnect the PMT from the HVPS.  
6. Re-connect the 7 pin connector to the sensor end cap, and power-up the  
instrument.  
7. Scroll the front panel display to the HVPS test parameter.  
8. Divide the displayed HVPS voltage by 10 and test the pairs of connector points as  
shown in the figure below.  
9. Check the overall voltage (should be equal to the HVPS value displayed on the front  
panel and the voltages between each pair of pins of the supply  
EXAMPLE  
If the HVPS signal is 700 V the pin-to-pin voltages should be 70 V.  
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1. Turn off the instrument power, and reconnect the PMT, and then reassemble the sensor.  
If any faults are found in the test, you must obtain a new HVPS as there are no user  
serviceable parts inside the supply.  
12.7.14. PMT TEMPERATURE CONTROL PCA  
The TEC control PCA is located on the sensor housing assembly, under the slanted shroud, next to the  
cooling fins and directly above the cooling fan.  
If the red LED located on the top edge of this assembly is not glowing the control circuit is not receiving  
power. Check the analyzers power supply, the relay board’s power distribution circuitry and the wiring  
connecting them to the PMT temperature control PCA.  
TEC Control Test Points  
Four test points are also located at the top of this assembly they are numbered left to right start with the  
T1 point immediately to the right of the power status LED. These test points provide information  
regarding the functioning of the control circuit.  
To determine the current running through the control circuit, measure the voltage between T1 and  
T2. Multiply that voltage by 10.  
To determine the drive voltage being supplied by the control circuit to the TEC, measure the voltage  
between T2 and T3.  
If this voltage is zero, the TEC circuitry is most likely open.  
Or,  
If the voltage between T2 and T3 = 0 VDC and the voltage measured between T1 and T2 =  
0 VDC there is most likely an open circuit or failed op amp on control PCA itself.  
If the voltage between T2 and T3 = 0 VDC and the voltage measured between T1 to T2 is  
some voltage other than 0 VDC, the TEC is most likely shorted.  
T4 is tied directly to ground. To determine the absolute voltage on any one of the other test points  
make a measurement between that test point and T4.  
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12.7.15. O3 GENERATOR  
The ozone generator can fail in two ways, electronically (printed circuit board) and functionally (internal  
generator components). Assuming that air is supplied properly to the generator, the generator should  
automatically turn on 30 minutes after the instrument is powered up or if the instrument is still warm.  
See Section 13.2.3 for ozone generator functionality. Accurate performance of the generator can only be  
determined with an ozone analyzer connected to the outlet of the generator. However, if the generator  
appears to be working properly but the sensitivity or calibration of the instrument is reduced, suspect a  
leak in the ozone generator supply air.  
A leak in the dryer or between the dryer and the generator can cause moist, ambient air to leak into the  
air stream, which significantly reduces the ozone output. The generator will produce only about half of  
the nominal O3 concentration when run with moist, ambient air instead of dried air. In addition, moist  
supply air will produce large amounts of nitric acid in the generator, which can cause analyzer  
components downstream of the generator to deteriorate and/or causes significant deposit of nitrate  
deposits on the reaction cell window, reducing sensitivity and causing performance drift. Carry out a  
leak check as described earlier in this Section.  
12.7.15.1. O3 Generator Override  
This feature allows the user to manually turn the ozone generator off and on. This should be done before  
disconnecting the generator, to prevent ozone from leaking out, or after a system restart if the user does  
not want to wait for 30 minutes during warm-up time. To access this feature press the following buttons:  
(Also note that the ozone generator does not turn on if the ozone flow conditions are out of specification  
(e.g., if there is no flow through the system or the pump is broken).  
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Note  
This is one of the two settings in the DIAG menu that is retained after you  
exit the menu.  
12.7.16. INTERNAL SPAN GAS GENERATOR AND VALVE OPTIONS  
The zero/span valves and Internal span gas generator options need to be enabled in the software (contact  
the factory on how to do this).  
Check for the physical presence of the valves or the IZS option.  
Check front panel for correct software configuration. When the instrument is in SAMPLE mode, the  
front panel display should show CALS and CALZ buttons in the second line of the display. The  
presence of the buttons indicates that the option has been enabled in software. In addition, the IZS  
option is enabled if the TEST functions show a parameter named IZS TEMP.  
The semi-permeable PTFE membrane of the permeation tube is severely affected by humidity.  
Variations in humidity between day and night are usually enough to yield very variable output results. If  
the instrument is installed in an air-conditioned shelter, the air is usually dry enough to produce good  
results. If the instrument is installed in an environment with variable or high humidity, variations in the  
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permeation tube output will be significant. In this case, a dryer for the supply air is recommended (dew  
point should be –20° C or less).  
The permeation tube of the internal span gas generator option is heated with a proportional heater circuit  
and the temperature is maintained at 50°C ±1C. Check the front panel display or the IZS_TEMP  
signal voltage using the SIGNAL I/O function under the DIAG Menu (Section 5.9.1). At 50° C, the  
temperature signal from the IZS thermistor should be around 2500 mV.  
12.7.17. TEMPERATURE SENSOR  
12.7.17.1. Box Temperature Sensor  
The box temperature sensor (thermistor) is mounted on the motherboard below the bottom edge of the  
CPU board when looking at it from the front. It cannot be disconnected to check its resistance.  
Box temperature will vary with, but will usually read about 5° C higher than, ambient (room)  
temperature because of the internal heating zones from the NO2 converter, reaction cell and other  
devices.  
To check the box temperature functionality, we recommend checking the BOX_TEMP signal voltage  
using the SIGNAL I/O function under the DIAG Menu (Section 12.1.3).  
At about 30° C, the signal should be around 1500 mV.  
To check the accuracy of the sensor, use a calibrated external thermometer / temperature sensor to  
verify the accuracy of the box temperature by:  
Placing it inside the chassis, next to the thermistor labeled XT1 (above connector J108) on  
the motherboard.  
Compare its reading to the value of the test function PMT TEMP.  
12.7.17.2. PMT Temperature Sensor Control  
The temperature of the PMT should be low and constant. It is more important that this temperature is  
maintained at a constant level than it is to be a specific temperature.  
The PMT cooler uses a Peltier, thermo-electric cooler element supplied with 12 V DC power from the  
switching power supply PS2. The temperature is controlled by a proportional temperature controller  
located on the preamplifier board.  
Voltages applied to the cooler element vary from 0.1 to 12 VDC.  
The temperature set point (hard-wired into the preamplifier board) will vary by ±2  
The actual temperature will be maintained to within 0.1° Caround that set point.  
To check the operation of the PMT temperature control system:  
1. Turn off the analyzer and let its internal components cool / heat to ambient  
temperature.  
2. Turn on the analyzer.  
3. Set the front panel to show the PMT TEMP test function (see Section 4.1.1).  
The temperature should fall steadily to 6-10° C.  
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If the temperature fails to reach this point after 60 minutes, there is a problem in  
the cooler circuit.  
If the control circuit on the preamplifier board is faulty, a temperature of –1° C  
will be reported.  
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12.8. SERVICE PROCEDURES  
This section contains some procedures that may need to be performed when a major component of the  
analyzer requires repair or replacement.  
Note  
Maintenance procedures (e.g., replacement of regularly changed  
expendables) are discussed in Section 11 (Instrument Maintenance) and  
are not listed here).  
Also, there may be more detailed service notes for some of the below  
procedures. Contact Teledyne Customer Service Department.  
WARNING – ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD  
Unless the procedure being performed requires the instrument be operating, turn it  
off and disconnect power before opening the analyzer and removing, adjusting or  
repairing any of its components or subsystems.  
CAUTION – QUALIFIED TECHNICIAN  
The operations outlined in this chapter are to be performed by qualified  
maintenance personnel only.  
12.8.1. DISK-ON-MODULE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE  
Note  
Servicing of circuit components requires electrostatic discharge  
protection, i.e. ESD grounding straps, mats and containers. Failure to use  
ESD protection when working with electronic assemblies will void the  
instrument warranty. Refer to Section 14 for more information on  
preventing ESD damage.  
Replacing the Disk-on-Module (DOM) will cause loss of all DAS data; it may also cause loss of some  
instrument configuration parameters unless the replacement DOM carries the exact same firmware  
version. Whenever changing the version of installed software, the memory must be reset. Failure to  
ensure that memory is reset can cause the analyzer to malfunction, and invalidate measurements. After  
the memory is reset, the A/D converter must be re-calibrated, and all information collected in Step 1  
below must be re-entered before the instrument will function correctly. Also, zero and span calibration  
should be performed.  
1. Document all analyzer parameters that may have been changed, such as range,  
auto-cal, analog output, serial port and other settings before replacing the DOM.  
2. Turn off power to the instrument, fold down the rear panel by loosening the  
mounting screws.  
3. While looking at the electronic circuits from the back of the analyzer, locate the  
Disk-on-Module in the right-most socket of the CPU board.  
4. The DOM should carry a label with firmware revision, date and initials of the  
programmer.  
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5. Remove the nylon standoff clip that mounts the DOM over the CPU board, and lift  
the DOM off the CPU. Do not bend the connector pins.  
6. Install the new Disk-on-Module, making sure the notch at the end of the chip  
matches the notch in the socket.  
7. It may be necessary to straighten the pins somewhat to fit them into the socket.  
Press the chip all the way in.  
8. Close the rear panel and turn on power to the machine.  
9. If the replacement DOM carries a firmware revision, re-enter all of the setup  
information.  
12.8.2. O3 GENERATOR REPLACEMENT  
The ozone generator is a black, brick-shaped device with printed circuit board attached to its rear and  
two tubes extending out the right side in the front of the analyzer (see Figure 3-5). The board has a red  
LED that, when lit, indicates ozone is being generated. To replace the ozone generator:  
1. Turn off the analyzer power, remove the power cord and the analyzer cover.  
2. Disconnect the 1/8” black tube from the ozone cleanser and the ¼” clear tube from  
the plastic extension tube at the brass fitting nearest to the ozone generator.  
3. Unplug the electrical connection on the rear side of the brick.  
4. Unscrew the two mounting screws that attach the ozone generator to the chassis  
and take out the entire assembly.  
5. If you received a complete replacement generator with circuit board and mounting  
bracket attached, simply reverse the above steps to replace the current generator.  
Note  
Ensure to carry out a leak check (11.3.12) and a recalibration after the  
analyzer has warmed up for about 60 minutes.  
12.8.3. SAMPLE AND OZONE (PERMA PURE®) DRYER REPLACEMENT  
The 9110T standard configuration is equipped with a dryer for the ozone supply air. An optional dryer is  
available for the sample stream and a combined dryer for both gas streams can also be purchased. To  
change one or both of these dryers:  
1. Turn off power to the analyzer and pump, remove the power cord and the analyzer  
cover.  
2. Locate the dryers in the center of the instrument, between sensor and NO2  
converter (see Figure 3-5).  
They are mounted to a bracket, which can be taken out when unscrewing the  
two mounting screws (if necessary).  
3. Disconnect all tubing that extends out of the dryer assembly.  
Take extra care not to twist any of the white plastic fittings on the dryer.  
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These connect the inner drying tube to the outer purge tube and are delicate.  
See Sections 13.3.1 and 11.3.2.  
4. Note the orientation of the dryer on the bracket.  
5. Cut the tie wraps that hold the dryer to the mounting bracket and take out the old  
dryer.  
If necessary, unscrew the two mounting screws on the bracket and take out the  
entire assembly.  
6. Attach the replacement dryer to the mounting bracket in the same orientation as the  
old dryer.  
7. Fix the dryer to the bracket using new tie wraps.  
8. Cut off excess length of the wraps.  
9. Put the assembly back into the chassis and tighten the mounting screws.  
10. Re-attach the tubes to vacuum manifold, flow meter and/or NO/NOx valve using at  
least two wrenches.  
Take extra care not to twist the dryer’s white plastic fittings, as this will result in  
large leaks that are difficult to trouble-shoot and fix.  
11. Carry out a detailed leak check (see Section 11.3.12.2),  
12. Close the analyzer.  
13. Power up pump and analyzer and re-calibrate the instrument after it stabilizes.  
12.8.4. PMT SENSOR HARDWARE CALIBRATION  
The sensor module hardware calibration is used in the factory to adjust the slope and offset of the PMT  
output and to optimize the signal output and HVPS.  
If the instrument’s slope and offset values are outside of the acceptable range and all other more  
obvious causes for this problem have been eliminated, the hardware calibration can be used to  
adjust the sensor as has been done in the factory.  
This procedure is also recommended after replacing the PMT or the preamplifier board.  
To calibrate the PMT preamplifier PCA:  
1. Perform a full zero point calibration using zero air (see Section 9).  
2. Display the NOX STB test function on the front panel (Section 4.1.1).  
3. Locate the preamplifier board (see Figure 3-5).  
4. Locate the following components on the preamplifier board (Figure 12-8):  
HVPS coarse adjustment switch (Range 0-9, then A-F).  
HVPS fine adjustment switch (Range 0-9, then A-F).  
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Gain adjustment potentiometer (Full scale is 10 turns).  
5. Turn the gain adjustment potentiometer 12 turns clockwise or to its maximum  
setting.  
6. Feed NO gas into the analyzer.  
This should be 90% of the upper limit setting for the 9110T’s reporting range:  
EXAMPLE: if the reporting range is set at 500 ppb, use 450 ppb NO.  
7. Wait until the STB value is below 0.5 ppb  
Figure 12-8:  
Pre-Amplifier Board Layout  
8. Scroll to the NORM PMT test function on the analyzer’s front panel.  
9. With the NO gas concentrations mentioned in Step 5 above, the norm pmt value  
should be 900 mV.  
10. Set the HVPS coarse adjustment to its minimum setting (0).  
11. Set the HVPS fine adjustment switch to its maximum setting (F).  
Set the HVPS coarse adjustment switch to the lowest setting that will give you  
just above the target value for NORM PMT signal.  
12. Adjust the HVPS fine adjustment such that the NORM PMT value is close to the  
target value.  
It may be necessary to go back and forth between coarse and fine adjustments  
if the proper value is at the threshold of the min/max coarse setting.  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
Do not overload the PMT by accidentally setting both adjustment switches  
to their maximum setting. Start at the lowest setting and increment  
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slowly. Wait 10 seconds between adjustments.  
Note  
During these adjustments, the NORM PMT value will fluctuate as the  
analyzer continues to switch between NO and NOx streams as well as  
between measure and Auto Zero modes.  
13. Perform a span point calibration (see Section 9) to normalize the sensor response  
to its new PMT sensitivity.  
14. Review the slope and offset values:  
The slope values should be 1.000±0.300.  
The offset values should be approximately 0.0 (-20 to +150 mV is allowed).  
12.8.5. REPLACING THE PMT, HVPS OR TEC  
The photo multiplier tube (PMT) should last for the lifetime of the analyzer, however, the high voltage  
power supply (HVPS) or the thermo-electric cooler (TEC) components may fail. Replacing any of these  
components requires opening the sensor module. This is a delicate assembly and it is recommend that  
you ensure the PMT, HVPS or TEC modules are, indeed, faulty before unnecessarily opening of the  
module.  
CAUTION  
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL  
While the PMT or HVPS can be removed through the front panel without un-  
mounting the entire sensor module, we recommend turning off the instrument,  
opening its top cover and removing the entire assembly so that further repairs can  
be carried out at an anti-ESD workstation.  
Follow the guidelines defined in Section14for preventing electrostatic damage to  
electronic components.  
1. Turn OFF the analyzer and disconnect the power cord.  
2. Remove the cover.  
3. Disconnect all pneumatic and electrical connections from the sensor assembly.  
4. Remove the sensor assembly.  
5. If the TEC is to be replaced, remove the reaction cell assembly at this point by  
unscrewing two holding screws.  
This is necessary only if the repair being performed involves removing the PMT  
cold block.  
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Figure 12-9:  
9110T Sensor Assembly  
6. Remove the two connectors on the PMT housing end plate facing towards the front  
panel.  
7. Remove the end plate itself (4 screws with plastic washers).  
Note  
If the black PMT housing end plate for the Sensor Assembly is removed,  
ensure to replace the 5 desiccant bags inside the housing.  
8. Remove the dryer packages inside the PMT housing.  
9. Unscrew the PMT assembly, which is held to the cold block by two plastic screws.  
10. Discard the plastic screws and replace with new screws at the end of this procedure  
(the threads get stripped easily and it is recommended to use new screws).  
11. Along with the plate, slide out the OPTIC TEST LED and the thermistor that  
measures the PMT temperature.  
Thermistor will be coated with a white, thermal conducting paste.  
Do not contaminate the inside of the housing with this grease, as it may  
contaminate the PMT glass tube on re-assembly.  
12. Carefully take out the assembly consisting of the HVPS, the gasket and the PMT.  
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13. Change the PMT or the HVPS or both, clean the PMT glass tube with a clean, anti-  
static wipe and do not touch it after cleaning.  
14. If the cold block or TEC is to be changed:  
Disconnect the TEC driver board from the preamplifier board, remove the cooler  
fan duct (4 screws on its side) including the driver board.  
Disconnect the driver board from the TEC and set the sub-assembly aside.  
15. Remove the end plate with the cooling fins (4 screws) and slide out the PMT cold  
block assembly, which contains the TEC.  
16. Unscrew the TEC from the cooling fins and the cold block and replace it with a new  
unit.  
17. Reassemble this TEC subassembly in reverse order.  
Ensure to use thermal grease between TEC and cooling fins as well as between  
TEC and cold block and that the side opening in the cold block will face the  
reaction cell when assembled.  
Evenly tighten the long mounting screws for good thermal conductivity.  
CAUTION  
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL  
The thermo-electric cooler needs to be mounted flat to the heat sink.  
If there is any significant gap, the TEC might burn out. Ensure to apply heat sink  
paste before mounting it and tighten the screws evenly and cross-wise.  
18. Reinsert the TEC subassembly in reverse order.  
Ensure that the O-ring is placed properly and the assembly is tightened evenly.  
19. Insert the LED and thermistor into the cold block, insert new drying packages and  
carefully replace the end plate by making sure that the O-ring is properly in place.  
Improperly placed O-rings will cause leaks, which – in turn – cause moisture to  
condense on the inside of the cooler and likely cause a short in the HVPS.  
20. Reinsert the PMT/HVPS subassembly in reverse order.  
Don’t forget the gasket between HVPS and PMT.  
Use new plastic screws to mount the PMT assembly on the PMT cold block.  
21. Install new silica gel packets (desiccant bags).  
22. Reconnect the cables and the reaction cell (evenly tighten these screws).  
23. Replace the sensor assembly into the chassis and fasten with four screws and  
washers.  
24. Reconnect all electrical and pneumatic connections.  
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25. Leak check the system (see Section 13.3.12).  
26. Turn ON the analyzer.  
27. Verify the basic operation of the analyzer using the ETEST(12.7.12.2) and OTEST  
features (12.7.12.1) or zero and span gases, then carry out a hardware calibration  
of the analyzer followed by a zero/span point calibration (See Section 9.4.3.2).  
12.8.6. REMOVING / REPLACING THE RELAY PCA FROM THE  
INSTRUMENT  
This is the most commonly used version of the Relay PCA. It includes a bank of solid state AC relays.  
This version is installed in analyzers where components such as AC powered heaters must be turned ON  
& OFF.  
A retainer plate is installed over the relay to keep them securely seated in their sockets.  
Retainer  
Mounting  
Screws  
AC Relay  
Retainer Plate  
Figure 12-10: Relay PCA with AC Relay Retainer In Place  
The Relay retainer plate installed on the relay PCA covers the lower right mounting screw of the relay  
PCA. Therefore, when removing the relay PCA, the retainer plate must be removed first.  
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Mounting  
Screws  
AC Relay Retain Occludes  
Mounting Screw on  
P/N 045230200  
Figure 12-11: Relay PCA Mounting Screw Locations  
12.9. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS  
The following list was compiled from the TAI's Customer Service Department’s 10 most commonly  
asked questions relating to the 9110T NOx Analyzer.  
QUESTION  
ANSWER  
Why does the ENTR button  
Sometimes the ENTR button will disappear if you select a setting that is  
sometimes disappear on the front invalid or out of the allowable range for that parameter, such as trying to set  
panel display?  
the 24-hour clock to 25:00:00 or a range to less than 1 or more than 20000  
ppb. Once you adjust the setting to an allowable value, the ENTR button  
will re-appear.  
Why is the ZERO or SPAN button The 9110T disables certain these buttons expected span or zero value  
not displayed during calibration?  
entered by the users is too different from the gas concentration actually  
measured value at the time. This is to prevent the accidental recalibration  
of the analyzer to an out-of-range response curve.  
EXAMPLE: The span set point is 400 ppb but gas concentration being  
measured is only 50 ppb.  
How do I enter or change the  
value of my Span Gas?  
Press the CONC button found under the CAL or CALS buttons of the main  
SAMPLE display menus to enter the expected NOx span concentration.  
See Section 9.2.3.1 or for more information.  
Can I automate the calibration of  
my analyzer?  
Any analyzer with zero/span valve or IZS option can be automatically  
calibrated using the instrument’s AutoCal feature.  
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QUESTION  
ANSWER  
Can I use the IZS option to  
calibrate the analyzer?  
Yes. However, the accuracy of the IZS option’s permeation tube is only  
±5%. Whereas this may be acceptable for basic calibration checks, the IZS  
option is not permitted as a calibration source in applications following US  
EPA protocols.  
To achieve highest accuracy, it is recommended to use cylinders of  
calibrated span gases in combination with a zero air source.  
How do I measure the sample  
flow?  
Sample flow is measured by attaching a calibrated flow meter to the sample  
inlet port when the instrument is operating. The sample flow should be 500  
cm³/min 10%.  
Section 13.3.12.3 includes detailed instructions on performing a check of  
the sample gas flow.  
Can I use the DAS system in  
place of a strip chart recorder or  
data logger?  
Yes. Section 7 describes the setup and operation of the DAS system in  
detail.  
How often do I need to change  
the particulate filter?  
Once per week or as needed. Section 11 contains a maintenance schedule  
listing the most important, regular maintenance tasks. Highly polluted  
sample air may require more frequent changes.  
How long does the sample pump  
last?  
The sample pump should last one to two years and the pump head should  
be replaced when necessary. Use the RCEL pressure indicator on the front  
panel to see if the pump needs replacement.  
If this value goes above 10 in-Hg-A, on average, the pump head needs to  
be rebuilt.  
Why does my RS-232 serial  
connection not work?  
There are several possible reasons:  
The wrong cable: please use the provided or a generic “straight-  
through” cable (do not use a “null-modem” type cable) and ensure the  
pin assignments are correct (Sections 3.3.1.8 and 6.3).  
The DCE/DTE switch on the back of the analyzer is not set properly;  
ensure that both green and red lights are on (Section 6.1).  
The baud rate of the analyzer’s COMM port does not match that of the  
serial port of your computer/data logger (Section 6.2.2).  
How do I make the instrument’s  
display and my data logger  
agree?  
This most commonly occurs when an independent metering device is used  
besides the data logger/recorder to determine gas concentration levels  
while calibrating the analyzer. These disagreements result from the  
analyzer, the metering device and the data logger having slightly different  
ground levels.  
Use the data logger itself as the metering device during calibration  
procedures.  
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QUESTION  
ANSWER  
Do the critical flow orifices of my  
analyzer require regular  
replacement?  
No. The o-rings and the sintered filter associated with them require  
replacement once a year, but the critical flow orifices do not.  
See Section 11 for instructions.  
See Section 3.3.1.6.  
How do I set up and use the  
Contact Closures (Control Inputs)  
on the Rear Panel of the  
analyzer?  
12.10. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE  
If this manual and its troubleshooting & service section do not solve your problems, technical assistance  
may be obtained from Teledyne’s Customer Service Department at:  
TELEDYNE ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES  
Analytical Instruments  
16830 Chestnut Street  
City of Industry, CA 91748  
Telephone: (626) 934-1500  
Fax: (626) 961-2538  
Web: www.teledyne-ai.com  
or your local representative.  
Before you contact Teledyne Customer Service, fill out the problem report form in Appendix C, which is  
also available online for electronic submission at http://www.teledyne-api.com/manuals/.  
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Principles of Operation  
13. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION  
The 9110T Nitrogen Oxides Analyzer is a microprocessor controlled instrument that determines the  
concentration of nitric oxide (NO), total nitrogen oxides (NOX, the sum of NO and NO2) and nitrogen  
dioxide (NO2) in a sample gas drawn through the instrument.  
It requires that sample and calibration gases be supplied at ambient atmospheric pressure in order  
to establish a constant gas flow through the reaction cell where the sample gas is exposed to ozone  
(O3), initiating a chemical reaction that gives off light (hv).  
The instrument measures the amount of chemiluminescence to determine the amount of NO in the  
sample gas.  
A catalytic-reactive converter converts NO2 in the sample gas to NO which, along with the NO  
present in the sample is reported as NOX. NO2 is calculated as the difference between NOX and  
NO.  
Calibration of the instrument is performed in software and usually does not require physical adjustments  
to the instrument. During calibration, the microprocessor measures the sensor output signal when gases  
with known amounts of NO or NO2 are supplied and stores these results in memory. The microprocessor  
uses these calibration values along with the signal from the sample gas and data of the current  
temperature and pressure of the gas to calculate a final NOX concentration.  
The concentration values and the original information from which it was calculated are stored in the  
unit’s internal data acquisition system (DAS Section 7) and are reported to the user through a vacuum  
fluorescence display or several output ports.  
13.1. MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE  
13.1.1. CHEMILUMINESCENCE CREATION IN THE 9110T REACTION CELL  
The 9110T’s measures the amount of NO present in a gas by detecting the chemiluminescence which  
occurs when nitrogen oxide (NO) is exposed to ozone (O3). This reaction is a two-step process:  
In the first step, one molecule of NO and one molecule of O3 collide and chemically react to produce  
one molecule of oxygen (O2) and one molecule of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Some of the NO2  
molecules created by this reaction retain excess energy from the collision and exist in an excited  
state, where one of the electrons of the NO2 molecule resides in a higher energy state than normal  
(denoted by an asterisk in the following equation).  
Equation 13-1  
NO O3 NO2* O2  
The second step occurs because the laws of thermodynamics require that systems seek the lowest  
stable energy state available, therefore the excited NO2 molecule quickly returns to its ground state,  
releasing the excess energy. This release takes the form of a quantum of light (h). The distribution  
of wavelengths for these quanta range between 600 and 3000 nm, with a peak at about 1200 nm.  
Equation 13-2  
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NO2* NO h1200nm  
2
All things being constant (temperature, pressure, amount of ozone present, etc.), the relationship between  
the amount of NO present in the reaction cell and the amount of light emitted from the reaction is very  
linear. If more NO is present, more IR light is produced. By measuring the amount of IR light produced  
with a sensor sensitive in the near-infrared spectrum (see Figure 13-2) the amount of NO present can be  
determined.  
In addition, sometimes the excited NO2 collides with other gaseous molecules in the reaction cell  
chamber or even the molecules of the reaction cell walls and transfers its excess energy to this collision  
partner (represented by M in the equation 12-3 below) without emitting any light at all. In fact, by far  
the largest portion of the excited NO2 returns to the ground state this way, leaving only a few percent  
yield of usable chemiluminescence.  
Equation 13-3  
NO2* M NO2 M  
The probability of a collision between the NO2* molecule and a collision partner M increases  
proportionally with the reaction cell pressure. This non-radiating collision with the NO2* molecules is  
usually referred to as third body quenching, an unwanted process further described in Section 13.1.5.2.  
Even under the best conditions only about 20% of the NO2 that is formed by the reaction described in  
equation 12-1 is in the excited state. In order to maximize chemiluminescence, the reaction cell is  
maintained at reduced pressure (thereby reducing the amount of available collision partners) and is  
supplied with a large, constant excess of ozone (about 3000-5000 ppm) from the internal ozone  
generator.  
13.1.2. CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION IN THE 9110T REACTION  
CELL  
13.1.2.1. The Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT)  
The 9110T uses a special kind of vacuum tube, called a photo-multiplier tube (PMT), to detect the  
amount of light created by the NO and O3 reaction in the reaction cell.  
Photons enter the PMT and strike a negatively charged photo cathode causing it to emit electrons. These  
electrons are accelerated by an applied high voltage and multiplied through a sequence of similar  
acceleration steps (dynodes) until a useable current signal is generated (see Section 13.5 for a more  
detailed description). The more light present (in this case photons given off by the chemiluminescent  
reaction described above), the more current is produced. Therefore the more NO present in the reaction  
cell the more current is produced by the PMT.  
The current produced by the PMT is converted to a voltage and amplified by the preamplifier board and  
then communicated to the 9110T’s CPU via the AD converter circuitry on the analyzer.  
13.1.2.2. Optical Filter  
A high pass optical filter, only transparent to wavelengths of light above 645nm, placed between the  
reaction cell and the PMT (see Figure 13-1) in conjunction with the response characteristics of the PMT  
creates a very narrow window of wavelengths of light to which the 9110T will respond.  
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Figure 13-1:  
Reaction Cell with PMT Tube and Optical Filter  
The narrowness of this band of sensitivity allows the 9110T to ignore extraneous light and radiation that  
might interfere with the 9110T’s measurement. For instance, some oxides of sulfur can also be  
chemiluminescent emitters when in contact with O3 but give off light at much shorter wavelengths  
(usually around 260nm to 480nm).  
140  
Visible  
Infrared   
Spectrum  
120  
100  
80  
NO + O3 Emission Spectrum  
PMT  
Response  
60  
40  
20  
0
Optical Hi-Pass Filter Performance  
0.5  
0.7  
0.9  
1.1  
1.3  
1.5  
1.7  
1.9  
Wavelength (micrometers)  
Area of Sensitivity  
Figure 13-2:  
9110T Sensitivity Spectrum  
13.1.3. NOX AND NO2 DETERMINATION  
The only gas that is actually measured by the 9110T is NO. NO2, and therefore NOx (which is defined  
here as the sum of NO and NO2 in the sample gas), contained in the gas is not detected because NO2  
does not react with O3 to create chemiluminescence.  
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In order to measure the concentration of NO2, and therefore the concentration of NOx, the 9110T  
periodically switches the sample gas stream so that the pump pulls it through a special converter  
cartridge filled with molybdenum (Mo, “moly”) chips that are heated to a temperature of 315°C.  
Figure 13-3:  
NO2NO Conversion  
The heated molybdenum reacts with NO2 in the sample gas and produces a NO gas and a variety of  
molybdenum.  
Equation 13-4  
xNO yMoxNO MyOz (at 315C)  
2
Once the NO2 in the sample gas has been converted to NO, it is routed to the reaction cell where it  
undergoes the chemiluminescence reaction described in Equation 13-1 and Equation 13-2.  
By converting the NO2 in the sample gas into NO, the analyzer can measure the total NOX) content of  
the sample gas (i.e. the NO present + the converted NO2 present). By switching the sample gas stream  
in and out of the “moly” converter every 6 - 10 seconds, the 9110T analyzer is able to quasi-  
continuously measure both the NO and the total NOX content.  
Finally, the NO2 concentration is not directly measured but calculated by subtracting the known NO  
content of the sample gas from the known NOX content.  
13.1.4. AUTO ZERO  
Inherent in the operation of any PMT is a certain amount of noise. This is due to a variety of factors  
such as black body infrared radiation given off by the metal components of the reaction cell, unit to unit  
variations in the PMT units and even the constant universal background radiation that surrounds us at all  
times. In order to reduce this amount of noise and offset, the PMT is kept at a constant 7° C (45° F) by a  
Thermo-Electric Cooler (TEC).  
While this intrinsic noise and offset is significantly reduced by cooling the PMT, it is not eradicated. To  
determine how much noise remains, once every minute for about 8 seconds the 9110T diverts the sample  
gas flow directly to the vacuum manifold without passing the reaction cell.  
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During this time, only O3 is present in the reaction cell, effectively turning off the chemiluminescence  
reaction. Once the chamber is completely dark, the 9110T records the output of the PMT and keeps a  
running average of these AZERO values. This average offset value is subtracted from the raw PMT  
readings while the instrument is measuring NO and NOX to arrive at an Auto Zero corrected reading.  
Figure 13-4:  
Pneumatic Flow During the Auto Zero Cycle  
13.1.5. MEASUREMENT INTERFERENCES  
It should be noted that the chemiluminescence method is subject to interferences from a number of  
sources. The 9110T has been successfully tested for its ability to reject interference from most of these  
sources. Table 13-1 list the most common types of interferents that could affect the performance of your  
9110T.  
13.1.5.1. Direct Interference  
Some gases can directly alter the amount of light detected by the PMT due to chemiluminescence in the  
reaction cell. This can either be a gas that undergoes chemiluminescence by reacting with O3 in the  
reaction cell or a gas that reacts with other compounds and produces excess NO upstream of the reaction  
cell.  
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13.1.5.2. Third Body Quenching  
*
As described by Equation 13-3, other molecules in the reaction cell can collide with the excited NO2 ,  
*
causing the excited NO2 to return to its ground state without releasing a photon of light. This is known  
as third party quenching.  
Quenching is an unwanted phenomenon and the extent to which it occurs depends on the properties of  
the collision partner.  
Larger, more polarized molecules such as H2O and CO2 are the most significant quenching  
interferents of NO chemiluminescence.  
The influence of water vapor on the 9110T measurement can be eliminated with an optional,  
internal sample gas dryer (see Section 3.3.2.6).  
The interference of varying CO2 amounts at low concentrations (less that 0.5%) is  
negligible.  
In cases with excessively high CO2 concentrations (larger than 0.5%), the effect can be  
calibrated out by using calibration gases with a CO2 content equal to the measured air.  
Only very high and highly variable CO2 concentrations will then cause a measurable  
interference. For those applications, it is recommended to use other analyzer models.  
Please consult TAI Sales Department or our website (see Section 12.10).  
Smaller less polar and electronically “harder” molecules such as N2 and O2 can cause interference  
of this type as well, however, the concentrations of N2 and O2 are virtually constant in ambient air  
measurements, hence provide a constant amount of quenching that is accounted for in the  
calibration of the instrument .  
13.1.5.3. Light Leaks  
The 9110T sensitivity curve includes a small portion of the visible light spectrum (see Figure 13-2),  
therefore it is important to ensure that the reaction cell is completely sealed with respect to light. To  
ensure this:  
All pneumatic tubing leading into the reaction cell is opaque in order to prevent light from entering  
the cell.  
Light penetration is prevented by stainless steel filters and orifices.  
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Table 13-1: List of Interferents  
Gas  
Interference Type  
Rejection Method  
Dilution: Viscosity of CO2 molecules causes them to  
collect in aperture of Critical Flow Orifice altering flow  
rate of NO.  
3rd Body Quenching: CO2 molecules collide with  
NO2* molecules absorbing excess energy kinetically  
and preventing emission of photons.  
If high concentrations of CO2 are suspected,  
special calibration methods must be performed to  
account for the affects of the CO2.  
CO2  
Contact TAI’s Customer Service Department (see  
Section 12.10) for details.  
Some SOX variants can also initiate a  
chemiluminescence reaction upon exposure to O3  
producing excess light.  
Wavelengths of light produced by  
chemiluminescence of SOX are screened out by  
the Optical Filter.  
Chemically reacts with NH3, O2 and H2O in O3  
generator to create (NH3)2SO4 (ammonium sulfate)  
and NH3NO2 (ammonium nitrate) which form opaque  
white deposits on optical filter window. Also forms  
highly corrosive HNO3 (Nitric Acid)  
Most of the ammonium sulfate and ammonium  
nitrate produced is removed from the sample gas  
by an air purifier located between the O3  
Generator and the reaction cell.  
SOX  
If high concentrations of SOX are suspected,  
special calibration methods must be performed to  
account for the affects of the SO2.  
3rd Body quenching: SOX molecules collide with NO2*  
molecules absorbing excess energy kinetically and  
preventing emission of photons.  
Contact Teledyne Customer Service Department  
(see Section 12.10) for details.  
3rd Body quenching: H2O molecules collide with NO2* Analyzer’s operating in high humidity areas must  
molecules absorbing excess energy kinetically and  
preventing emission of light.  
have some drying applied to the sample gas (see  
Section 3.3.2.6 for more details).  
Water also reacts with NH3 and SOX in the O3  
generator to create (NH3)2SO4 (ammonium sulfate)  
and NH3NO2 (ammonium nitrate) which form opaque  
white deposits on the optical filter window. This also  
forms highly corrosive HNO3 (nitric acid)  
Water is effectively removed from the O3 gas  
stream by the Perma Pure® Dryer (Section  
13.2.3.2 for more details). We offer several  
Perma Pure® dryers for the sample stream (see  
Section 3.3.2.6 for more details).  
H2O  
Direct Interference: NH3 is converted to H2O and NO  
by the NO2 converter. Excess NO reacts with O3 in  
the reaction cell creating a chemiluminescence  
artifact.  
If a high concentration of NH3 is suspected, steps  
must be taken to remove the NH3 from the sample  
gas prior to its entry into the NO2 converter (see  
Section 3.3.2.6 for more details).  
NH3  
NH3 also reacts with H2O, O2 and SOX in the O3  
generator to create (NH3)2SO4 (ammonium sulfate)  
and NH3NO2 (ammonium nitrate) which form opaque  
white deposits on optical filter window. Also forms  
highly corrosive HNO3 (nitric acid).  
The Perma Pure® dryer built into the 9110T is  
sufficient for removing typical ambient  
concentration levels of NH3.  
13.1.5.4. Reaction Cell Temperature Control  
The stability of the chemiluminescence reaction between NO and O3 can be affected by changes in the  
temperature and pressure of the O3 and sample gases in the reaction cell. In order to reduce temperature  
effects, the reaction cell is maintained at a constant 50C, just above the high end of the instrument’s  
operation temperature range.  
Two AC heaters, one embedded into the bottom of the reaction cell, the other embedded directly above  
the chamber’s exhaust fitting, provide the heat source. These heaters operate off of the instrument’s  
main AC power and are controlled by the CPU through a power relay on the relay board (see Section  
13.3.4.4).  
A thermistor, also embedded in the bottom of the reaction cell, reports the cell’s temperature to the CPU  
through the thermistor interface circuitry of the motherboard (see Section 13.3.3.3).  
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13.2. PNEUMATIC OPERATION  
IMPORTANT  
Principles of Operation  
IMPACT ON READINGS OR DATA  
Could either affect accuracy of instrument readings or cause loss of data.  
Note  
The sample gas is the most critical flow path in the analyzer. At any point  
before and in the reaction cell, the integrity of the sample gas cannot be  
compromised. Therefore, it is important that the sample airflow system is  
both leak tight and not pressurized over ambient pressure.  
Regular leak checks should be performed on the analyzer as presented in the maintenance schedule,  
Table 13-1. Procedures for correctly performing leak checks can be found in Section 13.3.12.  
13.2.1. SAMPLE GAS FLOW  
Note  
In this section of the manual vacuum readings are given in inches of  
mercury absolute (In-Hg-A). This pressure value is referenced against  
zero (a perfect vacuum).  
The gas flow for the 9110T is created by a pump that is pneumatically downstream from the rest of the  
instrument’s components. This is either:  
An external pump pneumatically connected to the analyzer’s exhaust port located on the rear panel.  
This is the most common configuration for the 9110T (see Figure 13-5), or;  
An optional internal pump pneumatically connected between the vacuum manifold and the exhaust  
outlet. (see Figure 13-6).  
In either case the pump creates a vacuum of approximately 5 in-Hg-A at one standard liter/minute,  
which is provided to various pneumatic components by a vacuum manifold located just in front of the  
rear panel (see Figure 3-5).  
Gas flow is created by keeping the analyzer’s sample gas inlet near ambient pressure, usually by means  
of a small vent installed in the sample line at the inlet, in effect pulling the gas through the instrument’s  
pneumatic systems.  
By placing the pump downstream from the analyzer’s reaction cell, several problems are avoided.  
First, the pumping process heats and compresses the sample air complicating the measurement  
process.  
Additionally, certain physical parts of the pump itself are made of materials that might chemically  
react with the sample gas.  
Finally, in certain applications where the concentration of the target gas might be high enough to be  
hazardous, maintaining a negative gas pressure relative to ambient means that should a minor leak  
occur, no sample gas would be pumped into the atmosphere surrounding the analyzer.  
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Figure 13-5:  
Internal Gas Flow for Basic 9110T with External Pump  
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Figure 13-6:  
Basic Internal Gas Flow for Basic 9110T with Internal Pump  
13.2.1.1. Vacuum Manifold  
The vacuum created by the analyzer’s pump is supplied to all of the gas streams for the 9110T analyzer  
through the vacuum manifold (also called the exhaust manifold).  
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Figure 13-7.  
Vacuum Manifold, Standard Configuration  
Configurations will vary depending on the optional equipment that is installed. For example:  
An 9110T with the optional internal span gas generator installed will add another FT8 connector and  
orifice assembly to the manifold where the FT28 fitting is shown in the above drawing.  
An optional sample gas dryer will add a Tee-fitting so that two ¼” tubes can be connected to the  
same port.  
13.2.1.2. Sample Gas Flow Valves and Routing  
As discussed in Section 13.1, the measurement of NOx, NO and NO2 requires that the sample gas flow  
cycles through different routes that include and exclude various scrubbers and converters. There are  
several valves that perform this function:  
The NO/NOX valve directs the sample gas either directly to the reaction cell or through the unit’s  
NO2 converter, alternating every ~8 sec.  
The Auto Zero valve directs the sample gas stream to completely bypass the reaction cell for dark  
noise measurement once every minute, which is then subtracted as a measurement offset from the  
raw concentration signal.  
Table 13-2: 9110T Valve Cycle Phases  
NO/ NOX  
Valve  
Status  
Auto Zero  
Valve  
Status  
Time  
Index  
Phase  
Activity  
Figure  
Wait period (NO dwell time). Ensures reaction cell has  
been flushed of previous gas.  
Open to  
Auto Zero  
valve  
0 - 2 s  
NO  
Measure  
Open to  
reaction cell  
Figure  
13-3  
2 - 4 s Analyzer measures chemiluminescence in reaction cell.  
Wait period (NOX dwell time). Ensures reaction cell has  
been flushed of previous gas.  
4 – 6 s  
Open to  
NO2  
converter  
NOX  
Measure  
Open to  
reaction cell  
Figure  
13-3  
Analyzer measures NO + O3 chemiluminescence in  
reaction cell.  
6 – 8 s  
Cycle repeats every ~8 seconds  
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Wait period (AZERO dwell time). Ensures reaction cell  
0 – 4 s has been flushed of sample gas and chemi-  
luminescence reaction is stopped.  
Open to  
Auto Zero  
valve  
Open to  
vacuum  
manifold  
Auto  
Zero  
Figure  
13-4  
Analyzer measures background noise without sample  
4 - 6 s  
gas  
Cycle repeats every minute  
13.2.2. FLOW RATE CONTROL - CRITICAL FLOW ORIFICES  
Sample gas flow in the 9110T analyzer is created via the use of several flow control assemblies (see  
Figure 13-8 for an example) located in various places in the gas streams of the instrument. These  
assemblies consist of:  
a critical flow orifice  
two o-rings, Located just before and after the critical flow orifice, the o-rings seal the gap between  
the walls of assembly housing and the critical flow orifice  
a sintered filter  
a spring (applies mechanical force needed to form the seal between the o-rings, the critical flow  
orifice and the assembly housing)  
Figure 13-8:  
Flow Control Assembly & Critical Flow Orifice  
13.2.2.1. Critical Flow Orifice  
The most important component of each flow control assembly is the critical flow orifice. Critical flow  
orifices are a simple means to regulate stable gas flow rates. They operate without moving parts by  
taking advantage of the laws of fluid dynamics. By restricting the flow of gas through the orifice, a  
pressure differential is created. This pressure differential, created by the analyzer’s external pump,  
draws the gas through the orifice.  
As the pressure on the downstream side of the orifice (the pump side) continues to drop, the speed that  
the gas flows though the orifice continues to rise. Once the ratio of upstream pressure to downstream  
pressure is greater than 2:1, the velocity of the gas through the orifice reaches the speed of sound. As  
long as that ratio stays at least 2:1, the gas flow rate is unaffected by any fluctuations, surges, or changes  
in downstream pressure because such variations only travel at the speed of sound themselves and are  
therefore cancelled out by the sonic shockwave at the downstream exit of the critical flow orifice.  
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The actual flow rate of gas through the orifice (volume of gas per unit of time), depends on the size and  
shape of the aperture in the orifice. The larger the hole, the more gas molecules (moving at the speed of  
sound) pass through the orifice.  
In addition to controlling the gas flow rates into the reaction cell, the two critical flow orifices at the  
inlets of the reaction cell also maintain an under-pressure inside it, effectively reducing the number of  
molecules in the chamber and the corresponding incidence of third body quenching (see Section  
13.1.5.2) and therefore increasing the chemiluminescence yield.  
The 9110T reaches its peak sensitivity at about 2 in-Hg-A, below which the sensitivity drops due to  
there being too few molecules present and a corresponding decrease in chemiluminescence.  
13.2.2.2. Locations and Descriptions of Critical Flow Orifices Inside the 9110T  
The 9110T uses several of the following critical flow orifices (Figure 13-9) to create and maintain the  
proper flow rate of gas through its various components. (Please note that not all features displayed in  
Figure 13-9 are standard components of 9110T analyzers).  
NO/NOX  
VALVE  
SAMPLE/ CAL  
VALVE  
ZERO/SPAN  
VALVE  
SAMPLE  
PRESSURE  
SENSOR  
VACUUM  
PRESSURE  
SENSOR  
O3 FLOW  
SENSOR  
AUTOZERO  
VALVE  
PMT  
PURE  
DRYER  
Figure 13-9:  
Location of Flow Control Assemblies & Critical Flow Orifices  
Table 13-3: 9110T Gas Flow Rates  
Flow rate  
(nominal)  
500 cm³/min  
Orifice  
Diameter  
Location  
Purpose  
Sample gas inlet of reaction cell  
0.010” (0.25 mm)  
Controls rate of flow of sample gas into the  
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reaction cell.  
Controls rate of flow of ozone gas into the  
reaction cell.  
O3 supply inlet of reaction cell  
0.004” (0.10 mm)  
80 cm³/min  
80 cm³/min  
Controls flow rate of dry air return / purge  
air of the dryer.  
Dry air return of Perma Pure® dryer  
0.004” (0.10 mm)  
0.010” (0.25 mm)  
Controls rate of sample gas flow when  
bypassing the reaction cell during the Auto  
Zero cycle.  
Vacuum manifold, Auto Zero port.  
500 cm³/min  
60 cm³/min  
Controls rate of flow of zero purge gas  
through the optional Internal span gas  
generator when it is installed.  
Vacuum manifold, Internal span gas  
generator exhaust port  
0.003” (0.10 mm)  
The necessary 2:1 ratios across the critical flow orifices is largely exceeded by the pumps supplied with  
the analyzer which are designed to accommodate a wide range of possible variability in atmospheric  
pressure and age related degradation of the pump itself. Once the pump does degrade the ratio between  
sample and vacuum pressures may fall to less than 2:1. At this point, the instrument will display an  
invalid sample flow rate measurement (XXXX).  
Note  
The diameter of a critical flow orifice may change with temperature  
because of expansion of the orifice material and, hence, the most crucial  
critical flow orifices in the 9110T (those controlling the sample gas and O3  
flow into the cell itself) are located in the reaction cell where they can be  
maintained at a constant temperature.  
13.2.3. OZONE GAS GENERATION AND AIR FLOW  
The excess ozone needed for reaction with NO in the reaction cell is generated inside the analyzer  
because of the instability and toxicity of ozone. Besides the ozone generator itself, this requires a dry air  
supply and filtering of the gas before it is introduced into the reaction cell.  
Due to its toxicity and aggressive chemical behavior, O3 must also be removed from the gas stream  
before it can be vented through the exhaust outlet.  
CAUTION  
GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD  
Ozone (O3) is a toxic gas.  
Obtain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this gas. Read and  
rigorously follow the safety guidelines described there.  
Always ensure that the plumbing of the O3 generation and supply system  
is maintained and leak-free.  
13.2.3.1. The O3 Generator  
The 9110T uses a dual-dielectric, Corona Discharge (CD) tube for creating its O3, which is capable of  
producing high concentrations of ozone efficiently and with low excess heat (see Figure 13-10). The  
primary component of the generator is a glass tube with hollow walls of which the outermost and  
innermost surfaces are coated with electrically conductive material.  
Air flows through the glass tube, between the two conductive coatings, in effect creating a capacitor with  
the air and glass acting as the dielectric. The layers of glass also separate the conductive surfaces from  
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Principles of Operation  
the air stream to prevent reaction with the O3. As the capacitor charges and discharges, electrons are  
created and accelerated across the air gap and collide with the O2 molecules in the air stream splitting  
them into elemental oxygen.  
Some of these oxygen atoms recombine with O2 to O3. The quantity of ozone produced is dependent on  
factors such as the voltage and frequency of the alternating current applied to the CD cells. When  
enough high-energy electrons are produced to ionize the O2 molecules, a light emitting, gaseous plasma  
is formed, which is commonly referred to as a corona, hence the name corona discharge generator.  
Figure 13-10: Ozone Generator Principle  
13.2.3.2. Ozone Generator Dry Air Supply  
Ambient air usually contains enough water vapor to greatly diminishes the yield of ozone produced by  
the ozone generator. Water also reacts with chemicals inside the O3 Generator to produce caustic  
substances such as ammonium sulfate or highly corrosive nitric acid that will damage the optical filter  
located between the reaction cell and the PMT.  
To prevent this, the air supply for the O3 generator is dried using a special Perma Pure® single tube  
permeation dryer. The dryer consists of a single tube of Nafion® that is mounted within an outer,  
flexible plastic tube. Nafion® is a co-polymer that absorbs water very well but not most other chemicals.  
As gas flows through the inner Nafion® tube, water vapor is absorbed into the membrane walls. The  
absorbed water is transported through the membrane wall and evaporated into the dry purge gas flowing  
through the outer tube, countercurrent to the gas in the inner tube.  
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Figure 13-11: Semi-Permeable Membrane Drying Process  
The process by which the water vapor molecules are collected and transported through Nafion® material  
is called per-evaporation and is driven by the humidity gradient between the inner and outer tubes as  
well as the flow rates and pressure difference between inner and outer tubing. Unlike micro-porous  
membrane permeation, which transfers water through a relatively slow diffusion process, per-  
evaporation is a simple kinetic reaction. Therefore, the drying process occurs quickly, typically within  
milliseconds.  
Because this chemical reaction is based on hydrogen bonds between the water molecule and the Nafion®  
material most other chemical components of the gas to be dried are usually unaffected. Specifically, the  
gases of interest for the 9110T, NO and NO2, do not get absorbed and pass the dryer unaltered.  
On the other hand, other small polar gases that are capable of hydrogen bonds such as ammonia (NH3)  
can be absorbed this way, too. This is an advantage since gases such as NH3 can cause interference for  
the measurement of NOx, NO and NO2 (see Table 13-1).  
Figure 13-12: 9110T Perma Pure® Dryer  
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To provide a dry purge gas for the outer side of the Nafion tube, the 9110T returns some of the dried air  
from the inner tube to the outer tube. This means that any time the analyzer is turned on after having  
been OFF for 30 minutes or more, the humidity gradient between the inner and outer tubes is not very  
large and the dryer’s efficiency is low. Since it takes a certain amount of time for the humidity gradient  
to become large enough for the Perma Pure® Dryer operate efficiently, in such cold start cases the O3  
Generator is not turned on until 30 minutes has passed in order to ensure that it is not operating until its  
air supply is properly dry. During this 30 minute duration the O3 GEN OVERRIDE menu displays  
“TMR” on the front panel screen.  
Note  
When rebooting the instrument within less than 30 minutes of power-  
down, the generator is turned on immediately.  
The Perma Pure® Dryer used in the 9110T is capable of adequately drying ambient air to a dew point of  
≤ -5˚C (~4000 ppm residual H2O) at a flow rate of 1 standard liter per minute (slpm) or down to ≤ -15˚C  
(~1600 ppm residual H2O) at 0.5 slpm. The Perma Pure® Dryer is also capable of removing ammonia  
from the sample gas up to concentrations of approximately 1 ppm.  
13.2.3.3. Ozone Supply Air Filter  
The 9110T uses ambient air as the supply gas for the O3 generator and may produce a variety of  
byproducts. Small amounts of water, ammonia and various sulfur oxides can combine to create  
ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid and other compounds. Whereas sulfates and nitrates  
can create powdery residues inside the reaction cell causing sensitivity drift, nitric acid is a very  
aggressive compound, which can deteriorate the analyzer’s components. In order to remove these  
chemical byproducts from the O3 gas stream, the output of the O3 generator flows through a special filter  
between the generator and the reaction cell.  
The small amount of NOX produced in the generator (from the reaction of O2 or O3 and N2 in the air) will  
not affect the 9110T’s ability to measure NOx, NO and NO2 as it is accounted for and removed from the  
concentration calculations by the analyzer’s Auto Zero feature (see Section 13.1.4).  
13.2.3.4. Ozone Destruct  
Even though ozone is unstable and typically reacts to form O2, the break-down is not quite fast enough to  
ensure that it is completely removed from the exhaust gas stream of the 9110T by the time the gas exits  
the analyzer. Due to the high toxicity and reactivity of O3, a highly efficient catalytic converter scrubs or  
converts all of the O3 from the gas exiting the reaction cell. The conversion process is very safe. It only  
converts ozone to oxygen and does not produce any toxic or hazardous gases.  
The O3 destruct is located just inside the NO2 converter. As this is a true catalytic converter, there are no  
maintenance requirements as would be required for charcoal-based ozone destructs.  
A certain amount of fine, black dust may exit the catalyst, particularly if the analyzer is subjected to  
sudden pressure drops (for example, when disconnecting the running pump without letting the analyzer  
properly and slowly equilibrate to ambient pressure). To prevent the dust from entering the reaction cell  
or the pump, the ozone destruct is equipped with a quartz wool filter material.  
13.2.4. PNEUMATIC SENSORS  
Note  
The 9110T displays all pressures in inches of mercury absolute (in-Hg-A),  
i.e. absolute pressure referenced against zero (a perfect vacuum).  
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The 9110T uses three pneumatic sensors to verify the flow and pressure levels of its gas streams. They  
are located on a printed circuit assembly, called the pneumatic pressure/flow sensor board, located just  
behind the sensor assembly. The measurements made by these sensors are used for a variety of  
important calculations and diagnostics.  
13.2.4.1. Sample Pressure Sensor  
An absolute pressure transducer connected to the input of the NO/NOX valve is used to measure the  
pressure of the sample gas before it enters the analyzer’s reaction cell.  
In conjunction with the measurement made by the vacuum pressure sensor, this “upstream”  
measurement is used to compute the sample gas sample flow rate and to validate the critical flow  
condition (2:1 pressure ratio) through the sample gas critical flow orifice (Section 13.2.2).  
If the Temperature/Pressure Compensation (TPC) feature is turned on (Section 13.9.2), the output  
of this sensor is also used to supply pressure data for that calculation.  
The actual pressure value is viewable through the analyzer’s front panel display as the test function  
SAMP.  
The flow rate of the sample gas is displayed as SAMP FLW and the SIGNAL I/O function  
SAMPLE_PRESSURE.  
13.2.4.2. Vacuum Pressure Sensor  
An absolute pressure transducer connected to the exhaust manifold is used to measure the pressure  
downstream from and inside the instrument’s reaction cell.  
The output of the sensor is used by the CPU to calculate the pressure differential between the gas  
upstream of the reaction cell and the gas downstream from it and is also used as the main  
diagnostic for proper pump operation.  
If the ratio between the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure falls below 2:1, a warning  
message (SAMPLE FLOW WARN) is displayed on the analyzer’s front panel (see Section 4.1.2)  
and the sample flow rate will display XXXX instead of an actual value.  
If this pressure exceeds 10 in-Hg-A, an RCEL PRESS WARN is issued, even though the analyzer  
will continue to calculate a sample flow up to ~14 in Hg.  
If the Temperature/Pressure Compensation (TPC) feature is turned on (see Section 13.9.2), the  
output of this sensor is also used to supply pressure data for that calculation.  
This measurement is viewable through the analyzer’s front panel as the test function RCEL and the  
SIGNAL I/O function RCELL_PRESSURE.  
13.2.4.3. Sample Gas Flow Calculation  
Sample gas flow in the 9110T analyzer is not a directly measured value, but is rather calculated based on  
the measured pressure differential across the sample gas critical flow orifice. Specifically, the upstream  
reading of the sample pressure sensor is compared to the downstream pressure reading of the vacuum  
pressure sensor and this differential is used, by the analyzer’s CPU, to derive the gas flow rate through  
the reaction cell.  
The results of this calculation are viewable from the instruments front panel via the test function  
SAMP FLW.  
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Since this is a calculated value and not a measured reading there is no corresponding SIGNALI/O  
function.  
13.2.4.4. O3 Supply Air Flow Sensor  
In contrast to the sample gas flow, the ozone flow is measured with a mass flow sensor, which is  
mounted on the flow/pressure sensor PCA just behind the PMT sensor assembly. Pneumatically, it lies  
between the Perma Pure® dryer and the O3. This mass flow sensor has a full scale range of 0-1000  
cm³/min and can be calibrated through software to its span point (Section 9.7).  
Since the flow value displayed on the front panel is an actual measurement (and not a calculated value),  
short term variability in the measurement may be higher than that of the sample flow, which is based on  
a calculation from (more stable) differential pressures. On the other hand, any sustained drift, i.e. long-  
term change, in the ozone flow rate may usually indicate a flow problem.  
This information is used to validate the O3 gas flow rate.  
If the flow rate exceeds ±15% of the nominal flow rate (80 cm³/min), a warning message OZONE  
FLOW WARNING is displayed on the analyzer’s front panel (see Section 4.1.2) and the O3  
generator is turned off.  
A second warning, OZONE GEN OFF is also displayed.  
This flow measurement is viewable through instrument’s front panel display as the test function  
OZONE FL and the SIGNAL I/O function OZONE_FLOW.  
As with all other test parameters, we recommend to monitor the ozone flow over time for predictive  
diagnostics and maintenance evaluation.  
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13.3. ELECTRONIC OPERATION  
13.3.1. OVERVIEW  
Figure 13-13 shows a block diagram of the major electronic components of the analyzer.  
(I2C Bus)  
Touchscreen  
Display  
Figure 13-13: 9110T Electronic Block Diagram  
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The core of the analyzer is a microcomputer/central processing unit (CPU) that controls various internal  
processes, interprets data, makes calculations, and reports results using specialized firmware developed  
by Teledyne. It communicates with the user as well as receives data from and issues commands to a  
variety of peripheral devices via a separate printed circuit assembly onto which the CPU is mounted: the  
motherboard.  
The motherboard is directly mounted to the inside rear panel and collects data, performs signal  
conditioning duties and routes incoming and outgoing signals between the CPU and the analyzer’s other  
major components.  
Data are generated by the sensor module which outputs an analog signal corresponding to the amount of  
chemiluminescence present in the reaction cell. This signal is converted into digital data by a unipolar,  
analog-to-digital converter, located on the motherboard.  
A variety of sensors report the physical and operational status of the analyzer’s major components, again  
through the signal processing capabilities of the motherboard. These status reports are used as data for  
the various concentration calculations and as trigger events for certain warning messages and control  
commands issued by the CPU. This information is stored in memory by the CPU and in most cases can  
be viewed by the user via the front panel display.  
The CPU issues commands via a series of relays and switches (also over the I2C bus) located on a  
separate printed circuit assembly, called the relay PCA, to control the function of key electromechanical  
devices such as heaters and valves. It also issues some commands directly to the Sensor module (e.g.  
initiate Electric Test or Optical Test).  
By controlling the state of various valves the CPU directs the flow of sample gas through the various gas  
paths of the analyzer (NO measurement path; NOx measurement path; Auto Zero Path). Based on which  
path is active, the CPU interprets the sensor output to derive raw data representing concentrations for  
NOx, NO and zero (dark condition), accesses the operational data stored in memory then calculates final  
concentrations for NOx, NO and NO2.  
The CPU communicates with the user and the outside world in several ways:  
Through the analyzer’s front panel LCD touch-screen interface  
Through the serial I/O channels  
Various analog voltage and current outputs  
Several sets of Digital I/O channels  
Ethernet  
13.3.2. CPU  
The unit’s CPU card, installed on the motherboard located inside the rear panel, is a low power (5 VDC,  
720mA max), high performance, Vortex86SX-based microcomputer running Windows CE. Its operation  
and assembly conform to the PC 104 specification.  
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Figure 13-14:  
CPU Board  
The CPU includes two types of non-volatile data storage: a Disk-on-Module (DOM) and an embedded  
flash chip.  
13.3.2.1. Disk-On-Module  
The DOM is a 44-pin IDE flash drive with storage capacity to 128 MB. It is used to store the computer’s  
operating system, the Teledyne firmware, and most of the operational data generated by the analyzer’s  
internal data acquisition system (DAS).  
13.3.2.2. Flash Chip  
This non-volatile, embedded flash chip includes 2MB of storage for calibration data as well as a backup  
of the analyzer configuration. Storing these key data on a less heavily accessed chip significantly  
decreases the chance of data corruption.  
In the unlikely event that the flash chip should fail, the analyzer will continue to operate with just the  
DOM. However, all configuration information will be lost, requiring that the unit be recalibrated.  
13.3.3. MOTHERBOARD  
This PCA provides a multitude of functions including, A/D conversion, digital input/output, PC-104 to  
I2C translation, temperature sensor signal processing and is a pass through for the RS-232 and RS-485  
signals.  
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13.3.3.1. A to D Conversion  
Principles of Operation  
Analog signals, such as the voltages received from the analyzers various sensors, are converted into  
digital signals that the CPU can understand and manipulate by the analog to digital converter (A/D).  
Under the control of the CPU, this functional block selects a particular signal input and then coverts the  
selected voltage into a digital word.  
The A/D consists of a Voltage-to-Frequency (V-F) converter, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD),  
three multiplexers, several amplifiers and some other associated devices. The V-F converter produces a  
frequency proportional to its input voltage. The PLD counts the output of the V-F during a specified  
time, and sends the result of that count, in the form of a binary number, to the CPU.  
The A/D can be configured for several different input modes and ranges but in the 9110T it is used in  
unipolar mode with a +5V full scale. The converter includes a 1% over and under-range. This allows  
signals from –0.05V to +5.05V to be fully converted.  
For calibration purposes, two reference voltages are supplied to the A/D converter: Reference ground  
and +4.096 VDC. During calibration, the device measures these two voltages, outputs their digital  
equivalent to the CPU. The CPU uses these values to compute the converter’s offset and slope and uses  
these factors for subsequent conversions. See Section 5.9.3.10 for instructions on performing this  
calibration.  
13.3.3.2. Sensor Inputs  
The key analog sensor signals are coupled to the A/D through the master multiplexer from two  
connectors on the motherboard. 100K terminating resistors on each of the inputs prevent cross talk from  
appearing on the sensor signals.  
PMT DETECTOR OUTPUT: The PMT detector output from the PMT preamplifier is used in the  
computation of the NO, NOX and NO2 concentrations displayed on the front panel display and reported  
through the instrument’s analog outputs and COMM ports.  
This information is available in several forms:  
As a raw voltage signal via the test function PMTDET and the SIGNAL I/O function PMT_SIGNAL,  
or;  
Normalized for temperature, pressure and auto-zero offset via the front panel test function NORM  
PMT.  
It is recorded by the DAS system in the following parameters:  
PMTDET – The same as the test function PMT DET.  
RAWNOX – The raw PMT output when the instrument is measuring NOX.  
RAW NO – The raw PMT output when the instrument is measuring NO.  
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY LEVEL: The PMT high voltage is based on the drive voltage  
from the preamplifier board. It is digitized and sent to the CPU where it is used to calculate the voltage  
setting of the HVPS.  
The value of this signal is viewable via the front panel test function HVPS and the SIGNAL I/O  
function HVPS_VOLTAGE.  
It is recorded by the DAS system as the parameter HVPS.  
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PMT TEMPERATURE: The PMT temperature is measured with a thermistor inside the PMT cold  
block. Its signal is amplified by the PMT temperature feedback circuit on the preamplifier board and is  
digitized and sent to the CPU where it is used to calculate the current temperature of the PMT.  
The value of this signal is viewable via the front panel test function PMT TEMP and the SIGNAL I/O  
function PMT_TEMP.  
It is recorded by the DAS system as the parameter PMTTMP.  
SAMPLE GAS PRESSURE SENSOR: This sensor, located on the flow/pressure sensor PCA,  
measures the gas pressure in the sample chamber upstream of the sample gas stream flow control  
assembly. Its functions are described in Section 13.2.4.1.  
The value of this signal is viewable via the front panel test function SAMP and the SIGNAL I/O  
function SAMPLE_PRESSURE.  
It is recorded by the DAS system as the parameter SMPPRS.  
VACUUM PRESSURE SENSOR: This sensor, also located on the flow/pressure sensor PCA, is  
pneumatically located downstream from the reaction cell and measures the pressure of the gas mixture  
inside the reaction cell . Its functions are described in Section 13.2.4.2.  
The value of this signal is viewable via the front panel test function RCEL and the SIGNAL I/O  
function RCEL_PRESSURE.  
It is recorded by the DAS system as the parameter RCPRES.  
O3 FLOW SENSOR: This sensor, located on the flow/pressure sensor PCA, measures the flow rate of  
the O3 gas stream as it is supplied to the reaction cell. Its functions are described in Section 13.2.4.4.  
The value of this signal is viewable via the front panel test function OZONE FLOW and the SIGNAL  
I/O function OZONE_FLOW.  
It is recorded by the DAS system as the parameter O3FLOW.  
13.3.3.3. Thermistor Interface  
This circuit provides excitation, termination and signal selection for several negative coefficient,  
thermistor temperature sensors located inside the analyzer. They are:  
REACTION CELL TEMPERATURE SENSOR: The reaction cell temperature sensor is a thermistor  
embedded in the reaction cell manifold. This temperature is used by the CPU to control the reaction cell  
heating circuit and as a parameter in the temperature/pressure compensation algorithm.  
The value of this signal is viewable via the front panel test function RCEL TEMP and the SIGNAL  
I/O function RCELL_TEMP.  
It is recorded by the DAS system as the parameter RCTEMP.  
BOX TEMPERATURE SENSOR: A thermistor is attached to the motherboard. It measures the  
analyzer’s inside temperature. This information is stored by the CPU and can be viewed by the user for  
troubleshooting purposes through the front panel display. It is also used as part of the NO, NOx and NO2  
calculations when the instrument’s Temperature/Pressure Compensation feature is enabled.  
The value of this signal is viewable via the front panel test function BOX TEMP and the SIGNAL I/O  
function BOX_TEMP.  
It is recorded by the DAS system as the parameter BOXTMP.  
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INTERNAL SPAN GAS GENERATOR OVEN TEMPERATURE: This thermistor reports the  
temperature of the optional internal span gas generator’s NO2 permeation source to the CPU as part of a  
control loop that keeps the tube at a high constant temperature (necessary to ensure that the permeation  
rate of NO2 is constant). It is stored and reported as test function IZS TEMP.  
The value of this signal is viewable via the front panel test function IZS TEMP and the SIGNAL I/O  
function IZS_TEMP.  
It is recorded by the DAS system as the parameter IZTEMP.  
Note  
There are two thermistors that monitor the temperature of the PMT  
assembly:  
One is embedded in the cold block of the PMT’s TEC. Its signal is  
conditioned by the PMT preamplifier PCA and reported to the CPU via  
the motherboard (see Section 13.3.3.2).  
The second is located on the PMT Preamplifier PCA and is used only  
as a reference for the preamplifier circuitry. Its output is neither  
reported nor stored.  
13.3.3.4. Analog Outputs  
The analyzer comes equipped with four analog outputs. On the instrument’s rear panel analog connector  
(see Figure 3-4), they are labeled A1, A2, A3 and A4.  
CONCENTRATION OUTPUTS: Outputs labeled A1, A2 and A3 carry the concentration signals of  
NOX, NO and NO2, respectively. A variety of scaling measurement and electronic factors apply to these  
signals.  
See Sections 3.3.1.3 and 5.4 for information on setting the reporting range type and measurement  
range scaling factors for these output channels.  
See Sections 5.9.3.2 for instructions calibrating and scaling the electronic output of these channels.  
TEST OUTPUT: The fourth analog output, labeled A4 is special. It can be set by the user (see Section  
5.9.4) to carry the current signal level of most of the parameters accessible through the TEST menu of  
the unit’s software.  
In its standard configuration, the 9110T comes with all four of these channels set up to output a DC  
voltage. However, 4-20mA current loop drivers can be purchased for the first three of these outputs,  
A1, A2 and A3.  
OUTPUT LOOP-BACK: All of the functioning analog outputs are connected back to the A/D  
converter through a Loop-back circuit. This permits the voltage outputs to be calibrated by the CPU  
without need for any additional tools or fixtures (see Section 5.9.3.4).  
13.3.3.5. External Digital I/O  
This external digital I/O performs two functions.  
STATUS OUTPUTS: Logic-Level voltages (0-5 VDC) are output through an optically isolated 8-pin  
connector located on the rear panel of the analyzer (see Figure 3-4). These outputs convey good/bad and  
on/off information about certain analyzer conditions. They can be used to interface with certain types of  
programmable devices.  
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For information on setting up the status outputs (see Section 3.3.1.4).  
CONTROL INPUTS: By applying 5V DC power to these digital inputs from an external source such as  
a PLC or Data logger zero point and span point calibrations can be remotely initiated. .  
For information on setting up the status inputs (see Section 3.3.1.6).  
13.3.3.6. Internal Digital I/O  
There are several internal digital control signals that are generated by the motherboard under CPU  
control and used to control subsystems of the analyzer.  
ELECTRICAL TEST CONTROL: When the CPU sets this control signal to high (ON) the electric  
test feature (ETEST) is initiated (see Section 8.3).  
The ETEST can be initiated by following the procedure in Section 12.7.12.2, or by setting the  
SIGNAL I/O Function ELEC_TEST to ON.  
OPTICAL TEST (OTEST) CONTROL: When the CPU sets this control signal to high (ON) the  
optical test feature is initiated (see Section 8.3).  
The OTEST can be initiated by following the procedure in 12.7.12.1, or by setting the SIGNAL I/O  
Function OPTIC_TEST to ON.  
PMT PREAMPLIFIER RANGE CONTROL: The CPU uses this control switch the instrument  
between its LOW and HIGH physical ranges (see Section 5.4.1).  
The instrument can be forced into its HIGH physical range setting the SIGNAL I/O function  
PREAMP_RANGE_HI to ON.  
O3 GEN STATUS: The CPU uses this control signal to turn the O3 generator ON/OFF by setting it to  
HIGH/LOW respectively. The CPU turns OFF the O3 generator if there is if there is no or low air flow  
to it as measured by the O3 flow sensor or if the instrument has been turned off for more than 30 minutes.  
The O3 generator can be manually turned ON/OFF by using the OZONE GENERATOR OVERIDE  
feature (See Section 12.7.15.1) or by setting the SIGNAL I/O function O3GEN_STATUS to ON or  
OFF.  
Note  
Any I/O signals changed while in the signal I/O menu will remain in effect  
ONLY until signal I/O menu is exited.  
The analyzer regains control of these signals upon exit and returns them  
to their normal value/setting.  
13.3.3.7. I2C Data Bus  
I2C is a two-way, clocked, bi-directional digital serial I/O bus that is used widely in commercial and  
consumer electronic systems. A transceiver on the Motherboard converts data and control signals from  
the PC-104 bus to I2C format. The data is then fed to the relay board, optional analog input board and  
valve driver board circuitry.  
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13.3.3.8. Power-Up Circuit  
Principles of Operation  
This circuit monitors the +5V power supply during start-up and sets the analog outputs, external digital  
I/O ports, and I2C circuitry to specific values until the CPU boots and the instrument software can  
establish control.  
13.3.4. RELAY PCA  
The CPU issues commands via a series of relays and switches located on a separate printed circuit  
assembly, called the relay PCA, to control the function of key electromechanical devices such as heaters  
and valves. The relay PCA receives instructions in the form of digital signals over the I2C bus, interprets  
these digital instructions and activates its various switches and relays appropriately.  
The relay PCA is located in the right-rear quadrant of the analyzer and is mounted vertically on the  
backside of the same bracket as the instrument’s DC power supplies.  
Status LED’s  
(D2 through D16)  
Thermocouple  
Signal Output  
Watchdog  
Status LED (D1)  
DC Power Supply  
Test Points  
(JP5)  
Thermocouple  
Configuration  
Jumpers  
I2C Connector  
J15  
J16  
TC1 Input  
NO2 NO Converter  
J21  
J19  
J14  
Temp Sensor  
Power  
Connection  
for DC  
Heater AC Power  
Configuration  
Jumpers  
J17  
Heaters  
Pump AC  
Configuration  
Jumper  
Valve Control  
Drivers  
JP2  
JP7  
R16  
J12  
J11  
J10  
J9  
J4  
Pump Power  
Output  
Valve Control  
Connector  
AC Relay K4  
(OPT Internal Span Gen Heater)  
AC Power  
IN  
J18  
J2  
J8  
AC Relay K2  
(NO2 NO Converter Heater)  
Connector for  
AC Relays  
K1 & K2  
AC Relay K1  
J7  
(Reaction Cell Heater)  
DC Power  
Distribution  
Connectors  
Connector for AC Relays K4 & K5  
Figure 13-15: Relay PCA Layout (P/N 045230100)  
CAUTION  
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD  
Only those relays actually required by the configuration of the 9110T are populated.  
A protective retainer plate is installed over the ac power relay to keep them securely  
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seated in their sockets and prevent accidental contact with those sockets that are not  
populated see Figure 13-16).  
Never remove this retainer while the instrument is plugged in and turned on. The  
contacts of the AC relay sockets beneath the shield carry high AC voltages even  
when no relays are present.  
Retainer  
Mounting  
Screws  
AC Relay  
Retainer Plate  
Figure 13-16: Relay PCA P/N 045230100 with AC Relay Retainer in Place  
13.3.4.1. Status LED’s  
Eight LED’s are located on the analyzer’s relay PCA to show the current status on the various control  
functions performed by the relay PCA (see Figure 13-17). They are:  
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Table 13-4: Relay PCA Status LED’s  
Status When Lit  
Status When Unlit  
LED  
Color  
Function  
(Energized State)  
(Default State)  
Cycles ON/OFF every 3 Seconds  
under direct control of the analyzer’s CPU.  
D1  
Red  
Watchdog Circuit  
D2  
D3  
D4  
Yellow  
Yellow  
Reaction Cell Heater  
Heating  
Heating  
Not Heating  
Not Heating  
NO2 NO Converter Heater  
SPARE  
Heating  
SPARE  
Internal Span Gas Generator  
Perm Tube Oven Heater  
D51  
Yellow  
Not Heating  
D6  
D7  
Green  
Green  
Zero/Span Valve  
Sample/Cal Valve  
Valve OPEN to span gas flow  
Valve OPEN to zero gas flow  
Valve OPEN to  
calibration gas flow  
Valve OPEN to  
sample gas flow  
D8  
D9  
Sample gas flow BYPASSES  
Sample gas flow is routed  
THROUGH the reaction cell  
Green  
Green  
Green  
Green  
Green  
Auto Zero Valve  
NO/NOx Valve  
the reaction cell  
Gas flow routed THROUGH  
Gas Flow BYPASSES  
NO2 NO converter  
D10  
D112  
D123  
NO2 NO converter  
Dual Span Gas  
Select Valve  
Valve OPEN to SPAN 1  
Valve OPEN to SPAN2 inlet  
Span gas flow OPEN  
Zero gas flow OPEN  
gas inlet  
Pressurized Span  
Shutoff Valve  
Span gas flow SHUTOFF  
Pressurized Zero  
Shutoff Valve  
D134  
Zero gas flow SHUTOFF  
D14 - 16  
SPARE  
1
Only active when the optional internal span gas generator is installed.  
Only active when the dual pressurized span option is installed.  
Only active when one of the pressurized span gas options is installed.  
Only active when one the pressurized zero gas option is installed.  
2
3
4
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D10 (Green) – NO/NOx Valve  
D9 (Green) – AutoZero Valve  
D8 (Green) – Optional Sample/Cal Valve  
D7 (Green) – Optional Zero/Span Valve  
D3 (Yellow) NO2 NO Converter Heater  
D2 (Yellow) Reaction Cell Heater  
D5 (Yellow) – Optional Internal Span Gas Gen Heater  
D11 (Green) – Optional Dual Span Select Valve  
D12 (Green) – Optional Pressurized Span Shutoff Valve  
D13 (Green) – Optional Pressurized Zero Shutoff Valve  
D1 (RED)  
Watchdog Indicator  
Figure 13-17: Status LED Locations – Relay PCA  
13.3.4.2. Watchdog Circuitry  
The most important of the status LED’s on the relay board is the red I2C bus watch-dog LED. It is  
controlled directly by the analyzer’s CPU over the I2C bus. Special circuitry on the relay PCA watches  
the status of D1. Should this LED ever stay ON or OFF for 30 seconds, indicating that the CPU or I2C  
bus has stopped functioning, this Watchdog Circuit automatically shuts all valves and turns off all  
heaters.  
13.3.4.3. Valve Control  
The relay board also hosts two valve driver chips, each of which can drive up four valves. The main  
valve assembly in the 9110T is the NO/NOX - Auto-zero solenoid valve component mounted right in  
front of the NO2 converter housing (see Figure 3-5).  
These two valves are actuated with 12 V supplied from the relay board and under the control of the  
CPU through the I2C bus.  
Additional valve sets also controlled by the CPU via the I2C bus and the relay PCA can be included in  
the 9110T (see Table 1-1 and Sections 3.3.2.3, 3.3.2.4, and 3.3.2.5 for descriptions of these valve sets).  
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13.3.4.4. Heater Control  
Principles of Operation  
For a variety of reasons such as, efficiency of certain chemical reactions, stabilization of sample gas  
temperature and pressure, etc., various subcomponents of the 9110T are heated/cooled.  
Two types of sensors are used to gather temperature data for the CPU:  
THERMISTORS: These are used in areas where the temperature control point is at or near ambient  
temperature (e.g. the reaction cell temperature, internal chassis temperate).  
Thermistors change resistance as they heat up and cool down. A DC signal is sent from the  
Mother board of a sent voltage and current. As the thermistor changes resistance, the  
returning voltage rises and falls in direct relationship to the change in temperature.  
The output signal from the thermistors is received by the motherboard, converted into digital  
data which is forwarded to the CPU.  
THERMOCOUPLES: These are used where the target temperature is high such as the NO2 NO  
converter.  
Thermocouples generate DC voltage that rises and falls as the thermocouple heats up and  
cools down.  
This DC signal interpreted, conditioned and amplified by the Relay PCA then transmitted to  
the motherboard where it is also converted into digital data and forwarded to the CPU.  
All of the heaters used in the 9110T are AC powered which are turned ON/OFF by AC Relays located  
on the relay PCA in response to commands issued by the CPU.  
Figure 13-18: Heater Control Loop Block Diagram.  
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Note  
The PMT temperature is maintained by a separate control loop that does  
not involve the relay PCA (see Section 13.5.2).  
13.3.4.5. Thermocouple Inputs and Configuration Jumper (JP5)  
Although the relay PCA supports two thermocouple inputs, the current 9110T analyzers only utilize one.  
It is used to sense the temperature of the NO2 NO converter.  
This single thermocouple input is plugged into the TC1 input (J15).  
TC2 (J16) is currently not used (see Figure 13-15 for location of J15 and J16).  
The type and operating parameters of this thermocouple are set using a jumper plug (JP5).  
The default configuration for this thermocouple is:  
Type-K  
Temperature compensated for Type-K  
Isolated  
Table 13-5: Thermocouple Configuration Jumper (JP5) Pin-Outs  
JUMPER  
PAIR  
TC INPUT  
DESCRIPTION  
FUNCTION  
Selects preamp gain factor for J or K TC  
Gain Selector  
OUT = K TC gain factor;  
IN = J TC gain factor  
1 – 11  
Selects preamp gain factor for J or K TC  
OUT = 10 mV / °C; IN = 5 mV / °C  
Output Scale Selector  
2 – 12  
When present, sets Cold Junction  
Compensation for J type Thermocouple  
3 – 13  
Type J Compensation  
TC1  
Type K  
Compensation  
When present, sets Cold Junction  
Compensation for K type Thermocouple  
4 – 14  
5 – 15  
Selects between Isolated and grounded TC  
IN = Isolate TC;  
OUT = Grounded TC  
Termination  
Selector  
TC2  
NOT USED  
COULD DAMAGE INSTRUMENT AND VOID WARRANTY  
ATTENTION  
The correct Thermocouple Type must be used if there is ever the need for  
replacement. If in doubt please consult Teledyne Customer Service.  
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TC2  
TC1  
Not Used  
Purple Jumpers  
Figure 13-19: Thermocouple Configuration Jumper (JP5) Pin-Outs  
13.4. SENSOR MODULE, REACTION CELL  
The 9110T sensor assembly consists of several subassemblies, each with different tasks:  
The Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT) detects the intensity of the light from the chemiluminescence  
reaction between NO and O3 in the reaction cell. It outputs a current signal that varies in relationship  
with the amount of light in the reaction cell.  
The PMT Preamplifier PCA converts the current output by the PMT into a voltage and amplifies it to  
a signal strong enough to be usable by the motherboard’s A D converter.  
It also supplies the drive voltage and gain adjustment for the PMT’s High Voltage Power Supply  
(HVPS)  
The Thermo-Electric Cooler (TEC) controls the temperature of the PMT to ensure the accuracy and  
stability of the measurements.  
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PMT Housing End Plate  
This is the entry to the PMT Exchange  
PMT Output  
Connector  
PMT Preamp PCA  
PMT Power Supply  
& Aux. Signal  
Connector  
High voltage Power Supply  
(HVPS)  
PMT  
O-Test LED  
PMT Cold Block  
Connector to PMT  
Pre Amp PCA  
12V Power  
Connector  
Insulation Gasket  
Light from Reaction  
Chamber shines  
through hole in side  
of Cold Block  
PMT Temperature  
Sensor  
Thermo-Electric Cooler  
(TEC)  
PMT Heat Exchange Fins  
TEC Driver PCA  
Cooling Fan  
Housing  
Figure 13-20: 9110T Sensor Module Assembly  
13.5. PHOTO MULTIPLIER TUBE (PMT)  
The 9110T uses a photo multiplier tube (PMT) to detect the amount of chemiluminescence created in the  
Reaction Cell.  
A typical PMT is a vacuum tube containing a variety of specially designed electrodes. Photons from the  
reaction are filtered by an optical high-pass filter, enter the PMT and strike a negatively charged photo  
cathode causing it to emit electrons. A high voltage potential across these focusing electrodes directs the  
electrons toward an array of high voltage dynodes.  
The dynodes in this electron multiplier array are designed so that each stage multiplies the number of  
emitted electrons by emitting multiple, new electrons. The greatly increased number of electrons  
emitted from one end of electron multiplier are collected by a positively charged anode at the other end,  
which creates a useable current signal. This current signal is amplified by the preamplifier board and  
then reported to the motherboard.  
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Figure 13-21: Basic PMT Design  
A significant performance characteristic of the PMT is the voltage potential across the electron  
multiplier. The higher the voltage, the greater the number of electrons emitted from each dynode of the  
electron multiplier, in effect, making the PMT more sensitive and responsive to smaller variations in  
light intensity but also more noisy (this is referred to as “dark noise”).  
The gain voltage of the PMT used in the 9110T is usually set between 400 V and 800 V.  
This parameter is viewable through the front panel as test function HVPS (see Section 4.1.1).  
For information on when and how to set this voltage, see Section 12.8.4.  
The PMT is housed inside the PMT module assembly (see Figure 13-20). This assembly also includes  
the high voltage power supply required to drive the PMT, an LED used by the instrument’s optical test  
function, a thermistor that measures the temperature of the PMT and various components of the PMT  
cooling system including the TEC.  
13.5.1. PMT PREAMPLIFIER  
The PMT preamplifier board provides a variety of functions:  
It amplifies the PMT signal into a useable analog voltage (PMTDET) that can be processed by the  
motherboard into a digital signal to be used by the CPU to calculate the NO, NO2 and NOx  
concentrations of the gas in the sample chamber.  
It supplies the drive voltage for the HVPS.  
It includes the circuitry for switching between the two physical ranges.  
It amplifies the signal output by the PMT temperature sensor and feeds it back to the thermoelectric  
cooler driver PCA. This amplified signal is also sent to the Motherboard to be digitized and  
forwarded to the CPU. It is viewable via the front panel as the test function PMT TEMP.  
It provides means for adjusting the electronic signal output from the PMT by:  
Adjusting this voltage directly the sensitivity of the PMT’s dynode array and therefore the  
strength of the signal output by the PMT through the use of two hexadecimal switches.  
Directly adjusting the gain of the output signal.  
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Note  
These adjustments should only be performed when encountering  
problems with the software calibration that cannot be rectified otherwise.  
See Section 12.8.4 for more information about this hardware calibration.  
Figure 13-22: PMT Preamp Block Diagram  
The PMT preamplifier PCA also operates two different tests used to calibrate and check the performance  
of the sensor module.  
The electrical test (ETEST) circuit generates a constant, electronic signal intended to simulate the  
output of the PMT (after conversion from current to voltage). By bypassing the detector’s actual  
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signal, it is possible to test most of the signal handling and conditioning circuitry on the PMT  
preamplifier board. See section 12.7.12.2 for instructions on performing this test.  
The optical test (OTEST) feature causes an LED inside the PMT cold block to create a light signal  
that can be measured with the PMT. If zero air is supplied to the analyzer, the entire measurement  
capability of the sensor module can be tested including the PMT and the current to voltage  
conversion circuit on the PMT preamplifier board. See Section 12.7.12.1 for instructions on  
performing this test.  
13.5.2. PMT COOLING SYSTEM  
The performance of the analyzer’s PMT is significantly affected by temperature. Variations in PMT  
temperature are directly reflected in the signal output of the PMT. Also the signal to noise ratio of the  
PMT output is radically influenced by temperature as well. The warmer the PMT is, the noisier its  
signal becomes until the noise renders the concentration signal useless.  
To alleviate this problem a special cooling system exists utilizing a type of electronic heat pump called a  
thermo-electric cooler (TEC). A TEC is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from a heat  
absorbing “cool” side to a heat releasing “hot” side via a series of DC powered semiconductor junctions.  
The effectiveness of the pump at moving heat away from the cold side is reliant on the amount of current  
flowing through the semiconductor junctions and how well the heat from the hot side can be removed.  
HEAT ABSORBING COLD JUNCTION  
ELECTRICAL  
INSULATOR  
ELECTRICAL  
CONDUCTOR  
N
P
N
P
N
P
N
P
HEAT RELEASING HOT JUNCTION  
+
―
DC POWER  
SOURCE  
Figure 13-23: Typical Thermo-Electric Cooler  
In the case of the 9110T, the current flow is controlled by the TEC Control PCA which adjusts the  
amount of current applied to the TEC based on the temperature sensed by a thermistor embedded in the  
PMT’s cold block. The higher the temperature of the PMT, the more current is pumped through the  
TEC. The “hot” side of the TEC is cooled by a constant flow of ambient air that is directed across a set  
of heat sinks by a fan.  
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Preamp PCA sends  
buffered and  
amplified thermistor  
signal to TEC PCA  
TEC PCA sets  
appropriate  
drive voltage for  
cooler  
TEC  
Control  
PCA  
PMT  
Preamp  
PCA  
Thermo-Electric Cooler  
PMT Temperature Sensor  
Thermistor  
outputs temp of  
cold block to  
preamp PCA  
PMT  
Cold Block  
Heat form PMT is absorbed  
by the cold block and  
transferred to the heat sink  
via the TEC then bled off  
into the cool air stream.  
Cooling Fan  
Figure 13-24: PMT Cooling System Block Diagram  
The target temperature at which the TEC system keeps the PMT is approximately 8.0ºC. Arriving at this  
temperature may take up to 30 minutes after the instrument is turned on.  
The actual temperature of the PMT can be viewed via the front panel as the test function PMT TEMP  
(see Section 4.1.1).  
13.5.2.1. TEC Control Board  
The TEC control PCA is located on the sensor housing assembly, under the slanted shroud, next to the  
cooling fins and directly above the cooling fan. Using the amplified PMT temperature signal from the  
PMT preamplifier board (see Section 10.4.5), it sets the drive voltage for the thermoelectric cooler. The  
warmer the PMT gets, the more current is passed through the TEC causing it to pump more heat to the  
heat sink.  
A red LED located on the top edge of this circuit board indicates that the control circuit is receiving  
power.  
Four test points are also located at the top of this assembly.  
For the definitions and acceptable signal levels of these test points see 12.7.14.  
13.6. PNEUMATIC SENSOR BOARD  
The flow and pressure sensors of the 9110T are located on a printed circuit assembly just behind the  
PMT sensor. Refer to Section 12.7.6.1 for a figure and on how to test this assembly. The signals of this  
board are supplied to the motherboard for further signal processing. All sensors are linearized in the  
firmware and can be span calibrated from the front panel.  
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13.7. POWER SUPPLY/CIRCUIT BREAKER  
The analyzer operates on 100 VAC, 115 VAC or 230 VAC power at either 50 Hz or 60Hz. Individual  
instruments are set up at the factory to accept any combination of these five attributes. A 6.75 amp  
circuit breaker is built into the ON/OFF switch. In case of a wiring fault or incorrect supply power, the  
circuit breaker will automatically turn off the analyzer.  
Under normal operation, the 9110T draws about 1.5 A at 115 V and 2.0 A during start-up.  
WARNING  
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD  
Should the AC power circuit breaker trip, investigate and correct the condition  
causing this situation before turning the analyzer back on.  
Power enters the analyzer through a standard International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 320  
power receptacle located on the rear panel of the instrument. From there it is routed through the  
ON/OFF Switch located in the lower right corner of the front panel. AC Line power is stepped down  
and converted to DC power by two DC power supplies (PS).  
One PS provides +5 VDC (3 A) and 15 VDC (1.5/0.5 A) for logic and analog circuitry as well as the  
power for the O3 generator.  
A second PS provides +12 VDC (5 A), for the PMT’s thermoelectric cooler, fans and as well as the  
various gas stream valves (both standard and optional).  
All AC and DC Voltages are distributed via the relay PCA.  
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SENSOR MODULE  
Pre-Amplifiers  
KEY  
HVPS  
PMT  
& Amplifiers  
ANALOG  
AC POWER  
DC POWER  
SENSORS  
(e.g. Temp  
Sensor Control  
& I/O Logic  
Sensors, Flow  
Sensors)  
LOGIC DEVICES  
(e.g. CPU, I2C bus,  
MotherBoard, etc.)  
O3  
Generator  
PS 1  
+5 VDC  
±15 VDC  
PUMP  
Configuration  
(Internal Only)  
Jumpers  
ON / OFF  
SWITCH  
AC HEATERS  
NO2  
NO  
Configuration  
Jumpers  
(Converter &  
Reaction Cell)  
Optional  
AC HEATERS  
( Internal Span  
Generator Perm Tube  
Heater)  
PS 2  
(+12 VDC)  
Solenoid  
Drivers  
RELAY PCA  
AC  
POWER IN  
MODEL SPECIFIC  
Fans:  
TEC and  
Chassis  
OPTIONAL  
VALVES  
(e.g. Sample/Cal,  
Zero/Span, Shutoff,  
etc.)  
VALVES  
(e.g. NOX – NO Valves,  
Auto-zero valves, etc.)  
Figure 13-25: Power Distribution Block Diagram  
13.7.1. AC POWER CONFIGURATION  
The 9110T analyzer’s digital components will operate with any of the specified power regimes. As long  
as instrument is connected to 100-120 VAC or 220-240 VAC at either 50 or 60 Hz,. Internally, the  
status LEDs located on the Relay PCA, Motherboard and CPU should turn on as soon as the power is  
supplied.  
However, some of the analyzer’s non-digital components, such as the various internal pump options or  
the AC powered heaters for the NO2 NO converter the reaction cell and some of the 9110T’s must be  
properly configured for the type of power being supplied to the instrument.  
Configuration of the power circuits is set using several jumper sets located on the instruments relay  
PCA.  
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RELAY PCA  
JP6  
Configuration Jumpers  
for Optional AC Heaters  
(O2 Sensor, Internal Perm  
Tube Oven Heater)  
JP2  
JP7  
Pump  
Configuration  
(Internal Pump  
Options Only)  
Configuration Jumpers  
for AC Heaters  
(NO2 NO converter,  
Reaction Cell)  
Figure 13-26: Location of AC power Configuration Jumpers  
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13.7.1.1. AC Configuration – Internal Pump (JP7)  
If your 9110T includes an internal pump the following table, jumper set JP7 is used to configure the  
power supplied to it as shown in Figure 13-27.  
Table 13-6: AC Power Configuration for Internal Pumps (JP7)  
JUMPER  
BETWEEN  
PINS  
LINE  
POWER  
LINE  
FREQUENCY  
JUMPER  
COLOR  
FUNCTION  
Connects pump pin 3 to 110 / 115 VAC power line  
Connects pump pin 3 to 110 / 115 VAC power line  
Connects pump pins 2 & 4 to Neutral  
2 to 7  
3 to 8  
4 to 9  
60 HZ  
WHITE  
BLACK  
110VAC  
115 VAC  
Connects pump pin 3 to 110 / 115 VAC power line  
Connects pump pin 3 to 110 / 115 VAC power line  
Connects pump pins 2 & 4 to Neutral  
2 to 7  
3 to 8  
4 to 9  
50 HZ1  
Connects pump pins 3 and 4 together  
Connects pump pin 1 to 220 / 240VAC power line  
Connects pump pins 3 and 4 together  
1 to 6  
3 to 8  
1 to 6  
3 to 8  
60 HZ  
BROWN  
BLUE  
220VAC  
240 VAC  
50 HZ1  
Connects pump pin 1 to 220 / 240VAC power line  
1 A jumper between pins 5 and 10 may be present on the jumper plug assembly, but has no function on the Model 9110T.  
110 VAC /115 VAC  
220 VAC /240 VAC  
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
7
8
8
9
9
10  
10  
May be present on 50 Hz version of  
jumper set, but is not functional on  
the T200  
Figure 13-27: Pump AC Power Jumpers (JP7)  
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13.7.1.2. AC Configuration – Standard Heaters (JP2)  
Power configuration for the AC the standard heaters is set using Jumper set JP2 (see Figure 13-28 for the  
location of JP2).  
Table 13-7: Power Configuration for Standard AC Heaters (JP2)  
JUMPER  
JUMPER  
COLOR  
LINE VOLTAGE  
HEATER(S)  
BETWEEN  
PINS  
FUNCTION  
Common  
1 to 8  
Reaction Cell / Sample  
Chamber Heaters  
Neutral to Load  
Neutral to Load  
Common  
2 to 7  
4 to 9  
110 VAC / 115 VAC  
50Hz & 60 Hz  
WHITE  
3 to 10  
4 to 9  
Moly Converter  
Neutral to Load  
Neutral to Load  
6 to 11  
Reaction Cell / Sample  
Chamber Heaters  
Load  
Load  
1 to 7  
3 to 9  
220 VAC / 240 VAC  
50Hz & 60 Hz  
BLUE  
Moly Converter  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Reaction Cell  
Heaters  
Reaction Cell  
Heaters  
9
9
NO2 NO  
Converter Heaters  
NO2 NO  
Converter Heaters  
10  
10  
11  
12  
11  
12  
220 VAC / 240 VAC  
110 VAC /115 VAC  
Figure 13-28: Typical Set Up of AC Heater Jumper Set (JP2)  
13.7.1.3. AC Configuration – Heaters for Option Packages (JP6)  
The IZS valve option includes an AC heaters that maintain an optimum operating temperature for key  
components of those options. Jumper set JP6 is used to connect the heaters associated with those options  
to AC power. Since these heaters work with either 110/155 VAC or 220/240 VAC, there is only one  
jumper configuration.  
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Table 13-8:  
Power Configuration for Optional Heaters (JP6)  
JUMPER  
BETWEEN  
PINS  
JUMPER  
COLOR  
HEATER(S)  
FUNCTION  
Common  
1 to 8  
2 to 7  
Internal Permeation Tube  
Oven Heater  
RED  
Neutral to Load  
10  
9
IZS  
Permeation Tube  
12  
11  
8
7
Heater  
6
5
4
3
2
1
Figure 13-29: Typical Jumper Set (JP2) Set Up of Heaters  
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13.8. FRONT PANEL TOUCHSCREEN/DISPLAY INTERFACE  
Users can input data and receive information directly through the front panel touchscreen display. The  
LCD display is controlled directly by the CPU board. The touchscreen is interfaced to the CPU by means  
of a touchscreen controller that connects to the CPU via the internal USB bus and emulates a computer  
mouse.  
Figure 13-30: Front Panel and Display Interface Block Diagram  
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13.8.1. LVDS TRANSMITTER BOARD  
The LVDS (low voltage differential signaling) transmitter board converts the parallel display bus to a  
serialized, low voltage, differential signal bus in order to transmit the video signal to the LCD interface  
PCA.  
13.8.2. FRONT PANEL TOUCHSCREEN/DISPLAY INTERFACE PCA  
The front panel interface PCA controls the various functions of the display and touchscreen. For driving  
the display it provides connection between the CPU video controller and the LCD display module. This  
PCA also contains:  
Power supply circuitry for the LCD display module  
A USB hub that is used for communications with the touchscreen controller and the two  
front panel USB device ports  
The circuitry for powering the display backlight  
13.9. SOFTWARE OPERATION  
The 9110T NOx Analyzer has a high performance, VortexX86-based microcomputer running  
WINDOWS CE. Inside the WINDOWS CE shell, special software developed by Teledyne interprets  
user commands via the various interfaces, performs procedures and tasks, stores data in the CPU’s  
various memory devices and calculates the concentration of the sample gas.  
Figure 13-31: Basic Software Operation  
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13.9.1. ADAPTIVE FILTER  
The 9110T NOX analyzer software processes sample gas concentration data through a built-in adaptive  
filter. Unlike other analyzers that average the output signal over a fixed time period, the 9110T averages  
over a defined number of samples, with samples being about 8 seconds apart (reflecting the switching  
time of 4 s each for NO and NOX). This technique is known as boxcar filtering. During operation, the  
software may automatically switch between two different filters lengths based on the conditions at hand.  
During constant or nearly constant concentrations, the software, by default, computes an average of the  
last 42 samples, or approximately 5.6 minutes. This provides smooth and stable readings and averages  
out a considerable amount of random noise for an overall less noisy concentration reading.  
If the filter detects rapid changes in concentration the filter reduces the averaging to only 6 samples or  
about 48 seconds to allow the analyzer to respond more quickly. Two conditions must be  
simultaneously met to switch to the short filter. First, the instantaneous concentration must differ from  
the average in the long filter by at least 50 ppb. Second, the instantaneous concentration must differ  
from the average in the long filter by at least 10% of the average in the long filter  
13.9.2. TEMPERATURE/PRESSURE COMPENSATION (TPC)  
The 9110T software includes a feature that compensates for some temperature and pressure changes  
that might affect measurement of NO and NOX concentrations.  
When the TPC feature is enabled (default setting), the analyzer divides the value of the PMT output  
signal (PMTDET) by a value called TP_FACTOR, which is calculated using the following four  
parameters:  
BOX TEMP: The temperature inside the analyzer’s case measured in K. This is typically about 5 K  
higher than room temperature.  
RCELL TEMP: The temperature of the reaction cell, measured in K.  
RCEL: The pressure of the gas in the vacuum manifold, measured in in-Hg-A.  
SAMP: The pressure of the sample gas before it reaches the reaction cell, measured in in-Hg-A.  
This measurement is ~1 in-Hg-A lower than atmospheric pressure.  
As RCEL TEMP, BOX TEMP, RCELL and SAMP pressure increase, the value of TP_FACTOR  
increases and, hence, the PMTDET value decreases. These adjustments are meant to counter-act  
changes in the concentrations caused by these parameters.  
The current value of all four of these measurements are viewable as TEST FUNCTIONS through the  
instrument’s front panel display (see Section 4.1.1).  
The preset gain parameters are set at the factory and may vary from analyzer to analyzer. The TPC  
feature is enabled or disabled by setting the value of the variable TPC_ENABLE (see Section 5.8).  
13.9.3. CALIBRATION - SLOPE AND OFFSET  
Calibration of the analyzer is performed exclusively in software. During instrument calibration, (see  
Sections 9 and 10) the user enters expected values for zero and span via the front panel touchscreen  
control and commands the instrument to make readings of calibrated sample gases for both levels.  
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The readings taken are adjusted, linearized and compared to the expected values.  
With this information, the software computes values for instrument slope and offset and stores these  
values in memory for use in calculating the NOx, NO and NO2 concentrations of the sample gas.  
The instrument slope and offset values recorded during the last calibration can be viewed via the  
instrument’s front panel (see Section 4.1.1).  
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14. A PRIMER ON ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE  
TAI considers the prevention of damage caused by the discharge of static electricity to be extremely  
important part of making sure that your analyzer continues to provide reliable service for a long time.  
This section describes how static electricity occurs, why it is so dangerous to electronic components and  
assemblies as well as how to prevent that damage from occurring.  
14.1. HOW STATIC CHARGES ARE CREATED  
Modern electronic devices such as the types used in the various electronic assemblies of your analyzer,  
are very small, require very little power and operate very quickly. Unfortunately, the same  
characteristics that allow them to do these things also make them very susceptible to damage from the  
discharge of static electricity. Controlling electrostatic discharge begins with understanding how electro-  
static charges occur in the first place.  
Static electricity is the result of something called triboelectric charging which happens whenever the  
atoms of the surface layers of two materials rub against each other. As the atoms of the two surfaces  
move together and separate, some electrons from one surface are retained by the other.  
Materials  
Makes  
Contact  
Materials  
Separate  
+
+
+
+
PROTONS = 3  
ELECTRONS = 2  
PROTONS = 3  
ELECTRONS = 4  
PROTONS = 3  
ELECTRONS = 3  
PROTONS = 3  
ELECTRONS = 3  
NET CHARGE = -1  
NET CHARGE = +1  
NET CHARGE = 0  
NET CHARGE = 0  
Figure 14-1:  
Triboelectric Charging  
If one of the surfaces is a poor conductor or even a good conductor that is not grounded, the resulting  
positive or negative charge cannot bleed off and becomes trapped in place, or static. The most common  
example of triboelectric charging happens when someone wearing leather or rubber soled shoes walks  
across a nylon carpet or linoleum tiled floor. With each step, electrons change places and the resulting  
electro-static charge builds up, quickly reaching significant levels. Pushing an epoxy printed circuit  
board across a workbench, using a plastic handled screwdriver or even the constant jostling of  
StyrofoamTM pellets during shipment can also build hefty static charges.  
Table 14-1: Static Generation Voltages for Typical Activities  
MEANS OF GENERATION  
Walking across nylon carpet  
Walking across vinyl tile  
Worker at bench  
65-90% RH  
1,500V  
250V  
10-25% RH  
35,000V  
12,000V  
6,000V  
100V  
Poly bag picked up from bench  
1,200V  
20,000V  
Moving around in a chair padded  
with urethane foam  
1,500V  
18,000V  
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14.2. HOW ELECTRO-STATIC CHARGES CAUSE DAMAGE  
Damage to components occurs when these static charges come into contact with an electronic device.  
Current flows as the charge moves along the conductive circuitry of the device and the typically very  
high voltage levels of the charge overheat the delicate traces of the integrated circuits, melting them or  
even vaporizing parts of them. When examined by microscope the damage caused by electro-static  
discharge looks a lot like tiny bomb craters littered across the landscape of the component’s circuitry.  
A quick comparison of the values in with the those shown in the , listing device susceptibility levels,  
shows why Semiconductor Reliability News estimates that approximately 60% of device failures are the  
result of damage due to electro-static discharge.  
Table 14-2:  
Sensitivity of Electronic Devices to Damage by ESD  
DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY VOLTAGE  
RANGE  
DEVICE  
DAMAGE BEGINS  
OCCURRING AT  
CATASTROPHIC  
DAMAGE AT  
MOSFET  
VMOS  
10  
30  
100  
1800  
100  
NMOS  
60  
GaAsFET  
EPROM  
60  
2000  
100  
100  
140  
150  
190  
200  
300  
300  
300  
500  
500  
500  
JFET  
7000  
500  
SAW  
Op-AMP  
2500  
3000  
2500  
3000  
7000  
500  
CMOS  
Schottky Diodes  
Film Resistors  
This Film Resistors  
ECL  
SCR  
1000  
2500  
Schottky TTL  
Potentially damaging electro-static discharges can occur:  
Any time a charged surface (including the human body) discharges to a device. Even simple  
contact of a finger to the leads of a sensitive device or assembly can allow enough discharge to  
cause damage. A similar discharge can occur from a charged conductive object, such as a metallic  
tool or fixture.  
When static charges accumulated on a sensitive device discharges from the device to another  
surface such as packaging materials, work surfaces, machine surfaces or other device. In some  
cases, charged device discharges can be the most destructive.  
A typical example of this is the simple act of installing an electronic assembly into the connector or  
wiring harness of the equipment in which it is to function. If the assembly is carrying a static charge,  
as it is connected to ground a discharge will occur.  
Whenever a sensitive device is moved into the field of an existing electro-static field, a charge may  
be induced on the device in effect discharging the field onto the device. If the device is then  
momentarily grounded while within the electrostatic field or removed from the region of the  
electrostatic field and grounded somewhere else, a second discharge will occur as the charge is  
transferred from the device to ground.  
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14.3. COMMON MYTHS ABOUT ESD DAMAGE  
I didn’t feel a shock so there was no electro-static discharge: The human nervous system isn’t  
able to feel a static discharge of less than 3500 volts. Most devices are damaged by discharge  
levels much lower than that.  
I didn’t touch it so there was no electro-static discharge: Electro Static charges are fields  
whose lines of force can extend several inches or sometimes even feet away from the surface  
bearing the charge.  
It still works so there was no damage: Sometimes the damages caused by electro-static  
discharge can completely sever a circuit trace causing the device to fail immediately. More likely,  
the trace will be only partially occluded by the damage causing degraded performance of the device  
or worse, weakening the trace. This weakened circuit may seem to function fine for a short time, but  
even the very low voltage and current levels of the device’s normal operating levels will eat away at  
the defect over time causing the device to fail well before its designed lifetime is reached.  
These latent failures are often the most costly since the failure of the equipment in which the  
damaged device is installed causes down time, lost data, lost productivity, as well as possible failure  
and damage to other pieces of equipment or property.  
Static Charges can’t build up on a conductive surface: There are two errors in this statement.  
Conductive devices can build static charges if they are not grounded. The charge will be equalized  
across the entire device, but without access to earth ground, they are still trapped and can still build  
to high enough levels to cause damage when they are discharged.  
A charge can be induced onto the conductive surface and/or discharge triggered in the presence of  
a charged field such as a large static charge clinging to the surface of a nylon jacket of someone  
walking up to a workbench.  
As long as my analyzer is properly installed, it is safe from damage caused by static  
discharges: It is true that when properly installed the chassis ground of your analyzer is tied to  
earth ground and its electronic components are prevented from building static electric charges  
themselves. This does not prevent discharges from static fields built up on other things, like you and  
your clothing, from discharging through the instrument and damaging it.  
14.4. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STATIC CONTROL  
It is impossible to stop the creation of instantaneous static electric charges. It is not, however difficult to  
prevent those charges from building to dangerous levels or prevent damage due to electro-static  
discharge from occurring.  
14.4.1. GENERAL RULES  
Only handle or work on all electronic assemblies at a properly set up ESD station. Setting up an ESD  
safe workstation need not be complicated. A protective mat properly tied to ground and a wrist strap are  
all that is needed to create a basic anti-ESD workstation.  
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Protective Mat  
Ground Point  
Wrist Strap  
Figure 14-2:  
Basic anti-ESD Workbench  
For technicians that work in the field, special lightweight and portable anti-ESD kits are available from  
most suppliers of ESD protection gear. These include everything needed to create a temporary anti-ESD  
work area anywhere.  
Always wear an Anti-ESD wrist strap when working on the electronic assemblies of your  
analyzer. An anti-ESD wrist strap keeps the person wearing it at or near the same potential as  
other grounded objects in the work area and allows static charges to dissipate before they can build  
to dangerous levels. Anti-ESD wrist straps terminated with alligator clips are available for use in  
work areas where there is no available grounded plug.  
Also, anti-ESD wrist straps include a current limiting resistor (usually around one meg-ohm) that  
protects you should you accidentally short yourself to the instrument’s power supply.  
Simply touching a grounded piece of metal is insufficient. While this may temporarily bleed off  
static charges present at the time, once you stop touching the grounded metal new static charges  
will immediately begin to re-build. In some conditions, a charge large enough to damage a  
component can rebuild in just a few seconds.  
Always store sensitive components and assemblies in anti-ESD storage bags or bins: Even  
when you are not working on them, store all devices and assemblies in a closed anti-Static bag or  
bin. This will prevent induced charges from building up on the device or assembly and nearby static  
fields from discharging through it.  
Use metallic anti-ESD bags for storing and shipping ESD sensitive components and  
assemblies rather than pink-poly bags. The famous, pink-poly bags are made of a plastic that is  
impregnated with a liquid (similar to liquid laundry detergent) which very slowly sweats onto the  
surface of the plastic creating a slightly conductive layer over the surface of the bag.  
While this layer may equalizes any charges that occur across the whole bag, it does not prevent the  
build up of static charges. If laying on a conductive, grounded surface, these bags will allow  
charges to bleed away but the very charges that build up on the surface of the bag itself can be  
transferred through the bag by induction onto the circuits of your ESD sensitive device. Also, the  
liquid impregnating the plastic is eventually used up after which the bag is as useless for preventing  
damage from ESD as any ordinary plastic bag.  
Anti-Static bags made of plastic impregnated with metal (usually silvery in color) provide all of the  
charge equalizing abilities of the pink-poly bags but also, when properly sealed, create a Faraday  
cage that completely isolates the contents from discharges and the inductive transfer of static  
charges.  
Storage bins made of plastic impregnated with carbon (usually black in color) are also excellent at  
dissipating static charges and isolating their contents from field effects and discharges.  
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Never use ordinary plastic adhesive tape near an ESD sensitive device or to close an anti-  
ESD bag. The act of pulling a piece of standard plastic adhesive tape, such as Scotch® tape, from  
its roll will generate a static charge of several thousand or even tens of thousands of volts on the  
tape itself and an associated field effect that can discharge through or be induced upon items up to  
a foot away.  
14.5. BASIC ANTI-ESD PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZER REPAIR  
AND MAINTENANCE  
14.5.1. WORKING AT THE INSTRUMENT RACK  
When working on the analyzer while it is in the instrument rack and plugged into a properly grounded  
power supply:  
1. Attach your anti-ESD wrist strap to ground before doing anything else.  
Use a wrist strap terminated with an alligator clip and attach it to a bare metal portion of the  
instrument chassis.  
This will safely connect you to the same ground level to which the instrument and all of its  
components are connected.  
2. Pause for a second or two to allow any static charges to bleed away.  
3. Open the casing of the analyzer and begin work. Up to this point, the closed metal casing of  
your analyzer has isolated the components and assemblies inside from any conducted or  
induced static charges.  
4. If you must remove a component from the instrument, do not lay it down on a non-ESD  
preventative surface where static charges may lie in wait.  
5. Only disconnect your wrist strap after you have finished work and closed the case of the  
analyzer.  
14.5.2. WORKING AT AN ANTI-ESD WORK BENCH  
When working on an instrument of an electronic assembly while it is resting on a anti-ESD workbench:  
1. Plug your anti-ESD wrist strap into the grounded receptacle of the work station before touching  
any items on the work station and while standing at least a foot or so away. This will allow any  
charges you are carrying to bleed away through the ground connection of the workstation and  
prevent discharges due to field effects and induction from occurring.  
2. Pause for a second or two to allow any static charges to bleed away.  
3. Only open any anti-ESD storage bins or bags containing sensitive devices or assemblies after  
you have plugged your wrist strap into the workstation.  
Lay the bag or bin on the workbench surface.  
Before opening the container, wait several seconds for any static charges on the outside  
surface of the container to be bled away by the workstation’s grounded protective mat.  
4. Do not pick up tools that may be carrying static charges while also touching or holding an ESD  
sensitive device.  
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Only lay tools or ESD-sensitive devices and assemblies on the conductive surface of your  
workstation. Never lay them down on any non-ESD preventative surface.  
5. Place any static sensitive devices or assemblies in anti-static storage bags or bins and close the  
bag or bin before unplugging your wrist strap.  
6. Disconnecting your wrist strap is always the last action taken before leaving the workbench.  
14.5.3. TRANSFERRING COMPONENTS BETWEEN RACK AND BENCH  
When transferring a sensitive device from an installed TAI analyzer to an Anti-ESD workbench or back:  
1. Follow the instructions listed above for working at the instrument rack and workstation.  
2. Never carry the component or assembly without placing it in an anti-ESD bag or bin.  
3. Before using the bag or container allow any surface charges on it to dissipate:  
If you are at the instrument rack, hold the bag in one hand while your wrist strap is  
connected to a ground point.  
If you are at an anti-ESD workbench, lay the container down on the conductive work  
surface.  
In either case wait several seconds.  
4. Place the item in the container.  
5. Seal the container. If using a bag, fold the end over and fastening it with anti-ESD tape.  
Folding the open end over isolates the component(s) inside from the effects of static fields.  
Leaving the bag open or simply stapling it shut without folding it closed prevents the bag  
from forming a complete protective envelope around the device.  
6. Once you have arrived at your destination, allow any surface charges that may have built up on  
the bag or bin during travel to dissipate:  
Connect your wrist strap to ground.  
If you are at the instrument rack, hold the bag in one hand while your wrist strap is  
connected to a ground point.  
If you are at a anti-ESD workbench, lay the container down on the conductive work surface.  
In either case wait several seconds.  
7. Open the container.  
14.5.4. OPENING SHIPMENTS FROM TAI CUSTOMER SERVICE  
Packing materials such as bubble pack and Styrofoam pellets are extremely efficient generators of static  
electric charges. To prevent damage from ESD, TAI ships all electronic components and assemblies in  
properly sealed ant-ESD containers.  
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Static charges will build up on the outer surface of the anti-ESD container during shipping as the packing  
materials vibrate and rub against each other. To prevent these static charges from damaging the  
components or assemblies being shipped ensure that you:  
Always unpack shipments from Teledyne Customer Service by:  
1. Opening the outer shipping box away from the anti-ESD work area.  
2. Carry the still sealed ant-ESD bag, tube or bin to the anti-ESD work area.  
3. Follow steps 6 and 7 of Section 14.2.3 above when opening the anti-ESD container at the work  
station.  
4. Reserve the anti-ESD container or bag to use when packing electronic components or  
assemblies to be returned to TAI.  
14.5.5. PACKING COMPONENTS FOR RETURN TO TAI CUSTOMER  
SERVICE  
Always pack electronic components and assemblies to be sent to Teledyne Customer Service in anti-  
ESD bins, tubes or bags.  
CAUTION  
ESD Hazard  
DO NOT use pink-poly bags.  
NEVER allow any standard plastic packaging materials to touch  
the electronic component/assembly directly.  
This includes, but is not limited to, plastic bubble-pack,  
Styrofoam peanuts, open cell foam, closed cell foam, and  
adhesive tape.  
DO NOT use standard adhesive tape as a sealer. Use ONLY anti-  
ESD tape.  
Never carry the component or assembly without placing it in an anti-ESD bag or bin.  
1. Before using the bag or container allow any surface charges on it to dissipate:  
If you are at the instrument rack, hold the bag in one hand while your wrist strap is  
connected to a ground point.  
If you are at an anti-ESD workbench, lay the container down on the conductive work  
surface.  
In either case wait several seconds.  
2. Place the item in the container.  
3. Seal the container. If using a bag, fold the end over and fastening it with anti-ESD tape.  
Folding the open end over isolates the component(s) inside from the effects of static fields.  
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Leaving the bag open or simply stapling it shut without folding it closed prevents the bag  
from forming a complete protective envelope around the device.  
Note  
If you do not already have an adequate supply of anti-ESD bags or  
containers available, Teledyne Customer Service department will supply  
them (see Section 12.10 for contact information). Follow the instructions  
listed above for working at the instrument rack and workstation.  
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GLOSSARY  
Term  
Glossary  
Description/Definition  
10BaseT  
100BaseT  
APICOM  
ASSY  
an Ethernet standard that uses twisted (“T”) pairs of copper wires to transmit at  
10 megabits per second (Mbps)  
same as 10BaseT except ten times faster (100 Mbps)  
name of a remote control program offered by Teledyne-API to its customers  
Assembly  
CAS  
Code-Activated Switch  
CD  
Corona Discharge, a frequently luminous discharge, at the surface of a  
conductor or between two conductors of the same transmission line,  
accompanied by ionization of the surrounding atmosphere and often by a power  
loss  
CE  
Converter Efficiency, the percentage of the total amount that is actually  
converted (e.g., light energy into electricity; NO2 into NO, etc.)  
CEM  
Continuous Emission Monitoring  
Chemical formulas that may be included in this document:  
CO2  
C3H8  
CH4  
H2O  
HC  
carbon dioxide  
propane  
methane  
water vapor  
general abbreviation for hydrocarbon  
HNO3  
H2S  
nitric acid  
hydrogen sulfide  
NO  
nitric oxide  
NO2  
NOX  
NOy  
nitrogen dioxide  
nitrogen oxides, here defined as the sum of NO and NO2  
nitrogen oxides, often called odd nitrogen: the sum of NOX plus other compounds such as HNO3  
(definitions vary widely and may include nitrate (NO3), PAN, N2O and other compounds as well)  
NH3  
O2  
ammonia  
molecular oxygen  
ozone  
O3  
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Glossary  
Term  
Description/Definition  
SO2  
sulfur dioxide  
cm3  
metric abbreviation for cubic centimeter (replaces the obsolete abbreviation  
“cc”)  
CPU  
DAC  
DAS  
DCE  
DFU  
Central Processing Unit  
Digital-to-Analog Converter  
Data Acquisition System  
Data Communication Equipment  
Dry Filter Unit  
DHCP  
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol used by LAN or Internet  
servers to automatically set up the interface protocols between themselves and  
any other addressable device connected to the network  
DIAG  
DOM  
Diagnostics, the diagnostic settings of the analyzer.  
Disk On Module, a 44-pin IDE flash drive with up to 128MB storage capacity for  
instrument’s firmware, configuration settings and data  
DOS  
Disk Operating System  
DRAM  
DR-DOS  
DTE  
Dynamic Random Access Memory  
Digital Research DOS  
Data Terminal Equipment  
EEPROM  
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory also referred to as a  
FLASH chip or drive  
ESD  
Electro-Static Discharge  
Electrical Test  
ETEST  
Ethernet  
a standardized (IEEE 802.3) computer networking technology for local area  
networks (LANs), facilitating communication and sharing resources  
FEP  
Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene polymer, one of the polymers that Du Pont  
markets as Teflon®  
Flash  
FPI  
non-volatile, solid-state memory  
Fabry-Perot Interface: a special light filter typically made of a transparent plate  
with two reflecting surfaces or two parallel, highly reflective mirrors  
GFC  
Gas Filter Correlation  
I2C bus  
a clocked, bi-directional, serial bus for communication between individual  
analyzer components  
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Glossary  
Term  
Description/Definition  
IC  
Integrated Circuit, a modern, semi-conductor circuit that can contain many basic  
components such as resistors, transistors, capacitors etc in a miniaturized  
package used in electronic assemblies  
IP  
Internet Protocol  
IZS  
Internal Zero Span  
Local Area Network  
Liquid Crystal Display  
Light Emitting Diode  
Liters Per Minute  
LAN  
LCD  
LED  
LPM  
MFC  
M/R  
Mass Flow Controller  
Measure/Reference  
NDIR  
Non-Dispersive Infrared  
MOLAR MASS  
the mass, expressed in grams, of 1 mole of a specific substance. Conversely,  
one mole is the amount of the substance needed for the molar mass to be the  
same number in grams as the atomic mass of that substance.  
EXAMPLE: The atomic weight of Carbon is 12 therefore the molar mass of  
Carbon is 12 grams. Conversely, one mole of carbon equals the amount of  
carbon atoms that weighs 12 grams.  
Atomic weights can be found on any Periodic Table of Elements.  
NDIR  
Non-Dispersive Infrared  
NIST-SRM  
PC  
National Institute of Standards and Technology - Standard Reference Material  
Personal Computer  
PCA  
PC/AT  
PCB  
PFA  
Printed Circuit Assembly, the PCB with electronic components, ready to use  
Personal Computer / Advanced Technology  
Printed Circuit Board, the bare board without electronic component  
Per-Fluoro-Alkoxy, an inert polymer; one of the polymers that Du Pont markets  
as Teflon®  
PLC  
Programmable Logic Controller, a device that is used to control instruments  
based on a logic level signal coming from the analyzer  
PLD  
Programmable Logic Device  
PLL  
Phase Lock Loop  
PMT  
Photo Multiplier Tube, a vacuum tube of electrodes that multiply electrons  
collected and charged to create a detectable current signal  
P/N (or PN)  
Part Number  
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Glossary  
Term  
Description/Definition  
Prevention of Significant Deterioration  
PSD  
PTFE  
Poly-Tetra-Fluoro-Ethylene, a very inert polymer material used to handle gases  
that may react on other surfaces; one of the polymers that Du Pont markets as  
Teflon®  
PVC  
Poly Vinyl Chloride, a polymer used for downstream tubing  
Rdg  
Reading  
RS-232  
specification and standard describing a serial communication method between  
DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment)  
devices, using a maximum cable-length of 50 feet  
RS-485  
specification and standard describing a binary serial communication method  
among multiple devices at a data rate faster than RS-232 with a much longer  
distance between the host and the furthest device  
SAROAD  
SLAMS  
SLPM  
Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data  
State and Local Air Monitoring Network Plan  
Standard Liters Per Minute of a gas at standard temperature and pressure  
Standard Temperature and Pressure  
STP  
TCP/IP  
Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol, the standard communications  
protocol for Ethernet devices  
TEC  
TPC  
USB  
Thermal Electric Cooler  
Temperature/Pressure Compensation  
Universal Serial Bus: a standard connection method to establish communication  
between peripheral devices and a host controller, such as a mouse and/or  
keyboard and a personal computer or laptop  
VARS  
V-F  
Variables, the variable settings of the instrument  
Voltage-to-Frequency  
Z/S  
Zero / Span  
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