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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
MODEL 100AH
SULFUR DIOXIDE ANALYZER
HIGH LEVEL
TELEDYNE INSTRUMENTS
ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION DIVISION
(T-API)
6565 NANCY RIDGE DRIVE
SAN DIEGO, CA 92121-2251
TOLL-FREE: 800-324-5190
FAX: 858-657-9816
TEL: 858-657-9800
E-MAIL: [email protected]
WEB SITE: www.teledyne-api.com
02417
REV. D
Copyright 1997 API Inc.
07/23/01
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................III
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................... VII
2 GETTING STARTED.................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................................2-1
2.2 ELECTRICAL AND PNEUMATIC CONNECTIONS ....................................................................2-2
2.3 INITIAL OPERATION .........................................................................................................2-7
3.1 SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................................................................3-1
3.2 WARRANTY ....................................................................................................................3-2
4.1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION...............................................................................................4-1
4.2 INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................4-3
4.2.5 Front Panel............................................................................................................4-4
4.3 I/O HARDWARE INTERFACE .............................................................................................4-8
5 SOFTWARE FEATURES............................................................................. 5-1
5.1 INDEX TO FRONT PANEL MENUS......................................................................................5-1
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.2 SAMPLE MODE ...............................................................................................................5-7
5.2.1 Test Functions.......................................................................................................5-7
5.3 SET-UP MODE .............................................................................................................5-12
5.3.3 Data Acquisition System (DAS)...........................................................................5-12
5.3.4 Range Menu........................................................................................................5-15
5.3.8 Communications Menu........................................................................................5-18
6.1 RACK MOUNT OPTIONS...................................................................................................6-1
6.2 ZERO/SPAN VALVES .......................................................................................................6-1
6.3 AUTOCAL - SETUP ZERO/SPAN VALVES............................................................................6-2
6.4 4-20 MA, ISOLATED CURRENT LOOP OUTPUT...................................................................6-6
7 RS-232 INTERFACE.................................................................................... 7-1
7.1 SETTING UP THE RS-232 INTERFACE ..............................................................................7-1
7.1.3 Protocol of Port Communication............................................................................7-3
7.2 COMMAND SUMMARY......................................................................................................7-5
7.3 TEST COMMANDS AND MESSAGES..................................................................................7-8
7.4 WARNING COMMANDS AND MESSAGES .........................................................................7-9
7.5 CALIBRATION COMMANDS AND MESSAGES.................................................................7-11
7.6 DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS AND MESSAGES ..................................................................7-13
7.7 DAS COMMANDS AND REPORTS....................................................................................7-14
7.8 VARIABLES COMMANDS AND MESSAGES.....................................................................7-16
8.3 AUTOMATIC ZERO/SPAN CHECK ......................................................................................8-6
8.4 DYNAMIC ZERO/SPAN CALIBRATION .................................................................................8-6
8.7 CALIBRATION QUALITY ....................................................................................................8-8
8.8 CALIBRATION GASES ......................................................................................................8-9
iv
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
9.1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE ...............................................................................................9-1
9.2 REPLACING THE SAMPLE PARTICULATE FILTER .................................................................9-2
9.3 REPLACING THE PUMP SCRUBBER ...................................................................................9-4
9.4 CLEANING ORIFICE AND ORIFICE FILTER...........................................................................9-4
9.5 CLEANING THE REACTION CELL .......................................................................................9-5
9.6 PNEUMATIC LINE INSPECTION ..........................................................................................9-5
9.7 LEAK CHECK PROCEDURE...............................................................................................9-8
9.8 LIGHT LEAK CHECK PROCEDURE .....................................................................................9-9
9.9 EPROM REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE............................................................................9-10
10.1.2 Fault Diagnosis with WARNING Messages.......................................................10-9
10.2 PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS........................................................................................10-23
10.2.6 Unstable Span.................................................................................................10-26
10.2.7 Unstable Zero..................................................................................................10-26
10.2.8 Inability to Span...............................................................................................10-27
10.2.9 Inability to Zero................................................................................................10-27
10.3.2 Voltage/Frequency (V/F) Board.......................................................................10-33
10.3.6 Reaction Cell Temp.........................................................................................10-49
10.3.9 HVPS (High Voltage Power Supply)................................................................10-52
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.4 OPTICAL SENSOR MODULE TROUBLESHOOTING ..........................................................10-54
10.5 PNEUMATIC SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................10-56
10.5.2 Pump...............................................................................................................10-56
11.1 MODEL 100AH LEVEL 1 SPARES KIT ...........................................................................11-3
APPENDIX A MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE FOR M100AH...........................A-1
APPENDIX B ELECTRICAL SCHEMATICS ..................................................B-1
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 2-1: REMOVAL OF SHIPPING SCREWS...........................................................................2-4
FIGURE 2-2: REAR PANEL........................................................................................................2-5
FIGURE 2-3: REAR PANEL PNEUMATIC RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................2-6
FIGURE 2-4: FRONT PANEL....................................................................................................2-10
FIGURE 2-5: ASSEMBLY LAYOUT ............................................................................................2-11
FIGURE 4-1: M100AH SULFUR DIOXIDE ANALYZER...................................................................4-2
FIGURE 4-2: FRONT PANEL DISPLAY ........................................................................................4-6
FIGURE 4-3: RS-232 PIN ASSIGNMENTS ..................................................................................4-9
FIGURE 4-4: INTERFACING CONTACT CLOSURE I/O..................................................................4-12
FIGURE 5-1: SAMPLE MENU.....................................................................................................5-2
FIGURE 5-2: SETUP MENU TREE ..............................................................................................5-2
FIGURE 8-1: MODEL 100AH CALIBRATION SETUP .....................................................................8-2
FIGURE 9-1: REPLACING THE PARTICULATE FILTER ...................................................................9-3
FIGURE 9-2: REACTION CELL...................................................................................................9-6
FIGURE 9-3: PNEUMATIC DIAGRAM...........................................................................................9-7
FIGURE 10-1: CPU BOARD JUMPER SETTINGS .....................................................................10-31
FIGURE 10-2: V/F BOARD DIP SWITCH SETTINGS..................................................................10-37
FIGURE 10-3: POWER SUPPLY MODULE LAYOUT...................................................................10-42
FIGURE 10-4: ELECTRICAL BLOCK DIAGRAM .........................................................................10-43
FIGURE 10-5: PRESSURE/FLOW SENSOR..............................................................................10-46
FIGURE 10-6: SO2 SENSOR MODULE ...................................................................................10-47
FIGURE 10-7: SO2 SENSOR MODULE ...................................................................................10-48
FIGURE 10-8: PMT COOLER SUBSYSTEM.............................................................................10-51
FIGURE 10-9: HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY......................................................................10-53
vii
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 2-1: FINAL TEST AND CALIBRATION VALUES..................................................................2-12
TABLE 2-1: FINAL TEST AND CALIBRATION VALUES (CONTINUED) .............................................2-13
TABLE 4-1: SYSTEM MODES DISPLAY .......................................................................................4-5
TABLE 4-2: FRONT PANEL STATUS LED'S.................................................................................4-7
TABLE 4-3: STATUS OUTPUT PIN ASSIGNMENTS......................................................................4-11
TABLE 5-1: M100AH SAMPLE MENU STRUCTURE.....................................................................5-3
TABLE 5-2: M100AH SETUP MENU STRUCTURE.......................................................................5-4
TABLE 5-3: M100AH MENU STRUCTURE - SETUP MENU #2 ......................................................5-5
TABLE 5-4: M100AH MENU STRUCTURE - SETUP MENU #3 ......................................................5-6
TABLE 5-5: CALIBRATE, SETUP PASSWORDS ..........................................................................5-18
TABLE 6-1: ZERO/SPAN VALVE OPERATION ..............................................................................6-1
TABLE 6-2: SETUP AUTOMATIC ZERO/SPAN CALIBRATION..........................................................6-3
TABLE 7-1: RS-232 PORT SETUP - FRONT PANEL ....................................................................7-2
TABLE 7-3: RS-232 TERMINAL MODE EDITING KEYS.................................................................7-4
TABLE 7-4: RS-232 INTERFACE COMMAND TYPES ....................................................................7-5
TABLE 7-5: RS-232 COMMAND SUMMARY................................................................................7-6
TABLE 7-6: RS-232 COMMAND SUMMARY................................................................................7-7
TABLE 7-7: RS-232 TEST MESSAGES ......................................................................................7-8
TABLE 7-8: RS-232 WARNING MESSAGES ...............................................................................7-9
TABLE 7-9: RS-232 CALIBRATION MESSAGES ........................................................................7-11
TABLE 7-10: RS-232 CALIBRATION COMMANDS......................................................................7-12
TABLE 7-11: RS-232 DIAGNOSTIC COMMAND SUMMARY .........................................................7-13
TABLE 7-12: RS-232 DAS COMMANDS .................................................................................7-14
TABLE 7-13: RS-232 OPERATING MODES ..............................................................................7-16
TABLE 8-1: TYPES OF ZERO/SPAN CHECKS AND CALIBRATIONS..................................................8-1
TABLE 8-5: MANUAL ZERO CALIBRATION PROCEDURE - Z/S VALVES ..........................................8-5
TABLE 8-6: MANUAL SPAN CALIBRATION PROCEDURE - Z/S VALVES ..........................................8-5
TABLE 8-7: Z/S VALVES MODE WITH REMOTE CONTACT CLOSURE.............................................8-7
TABLE 8-8: CALIBRATION QUALITY CHECK ................................................................................8-8
TABLE 9-1: PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE................................................................9-1
TABLE 10-1: TEST FUNCTIONS...............................................................................................10-3
TABLE 10-1: TEST FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED) ..........................................................................10-4
TABLE 10-1: TEST FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED) ..........................................................................10-5
viii
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
TABLE 10-1: TEST FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED) ..........................................................................10-6
TABLE 10-1: TEST FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED) ..........................................................................10-7
TABLE 10-1: TEST FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED) ..........................................................................10-8
TABLE 10-2: FRONT PANEL WARNING MESSAGES ...................................................................10-9
TABLE 10-2: FRONT PANEL WARNING MESSAGES (CONTINUED).............................................10-10
TABLE 10-3: SUMMARY OF DIAGNOSTIC MODES....................................................................10-12
TABLE 10-4: DIAGNOSTIC MODE - SIGNAL I/O.......................................................................10-13
TABLE 10-4: DIAGNOSTIC MODE - SIGNAL I/O (CONTINUED)..................................................10-14
TABLE 10-4: DIAGNOSTIC MODE - SIGNAL I/O (CONTINUED)..................................................10-15
TABLE 10-4: DIAGNOSTIC MODE - SIGNAL I/O (CONTINUED)..................................................10-16
TABLE 10-5: MODEL 100AH VARIABLES...............................................................................10-19
TABLE 10-6: TEST CHANNEL OUTPUT...................................................................................10-20
TABLE 10-7: POWER SUPPLY MODULE SUBASSEMBLIES ........................................................10-41
TABLE 10-8: POWER SUPPLY MODULE LED OPERATION .......................................................10-44
TABLE 11-1: T-API M100AH SPARE PARTS LIST ...................................................................11-1
TABLE 11-1: T-API M100AH SPARE PARTS LIST (CONTINUED)...............................................11-2
TABLE 11-2: T-API M100AH LEVEL 1 SPARES KIT.................................................................11-3
TABLE 11-3: T-API M100AH 47 MM EXPENDABLES KIT..........................................................11-3
ix
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
The Model 100AH has been designed with serviceability, reliability and ease of operation in
mind. The M100AH's microprocessor continually checks operating parameters such as
temperature, flow, and critical voltages. The instruments modular design uses captive screws to
Troubleshooting Hints.
We recognize that the need for information in this manual changes as time passes. When the
instrument first arrives, it is necessary to get it up and running quickly and verify its correct
operation. As time passes, more detailed information is often required on special configurations,
calibration alternatives and other operational details. Finally there is the need for periodic
maintenance and to quickly troubleshoot problems to assure maximum uptime and data integrity.
To address these needs, we have created three indexes to the information inside. They are:
Table of Contents:
Outlines the contents of the manual in the order the information is presented. This is a good
overview of the topics covered in the manual. There is also a list of Tables and a list of Figures.
Index to M100AH Front Panel Menus:
refers you to other sections of the manual that have a detailed explanation of each menu selection.
The Troubleshooting Section, outlined in the Table of contents, allows you to diagnose and repair
the instrument based on variables in the TEST menu, the results of DIAGNOSTIC tests, and
performance faults such as excessive noise or drift. The troubleshooting section also explains the
operation, adjustment, diagnosis and testing of each instrument subsystem.
If you are unpacking the instrument for the first time, please refer to Getting Started in
1-1
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1-2
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
2 GETTING STARTED
2.1 Installation
CAUTION
To avoid personal injury, always use two persons to
lift and carry the Model 100AH.
1. Verify that there is no apparent shipping damage. If damage has occurred please advise
shipper first, then Teledyne API.
2. Before operation it is necessary to remove the shipping hold-down screws. Remove the
NOTE
Save these shipping screws and re-install then whenever the
unit is shipped to another location.
3. While the instrument cover is removed, please check the voltage and frequency label on the
cover of the power supply module and compare that to your local power before plugging in
the M100AH.
4. Check for internal shipping damage, and generally inspect the interior of the instrument to
make sure all circuit boards and other components are in good shape.
5. Replace the instrument cover.
6. When installing the M100AH, allow at least 4” (100 mm) clearance at the back and at least
1” (25 mm) clearance at each side for proper venting.
2-1
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
2.2 Electrical and Pneumatic Connections
2. The pressure of the sample gas at the inlet port should be at atmospheric pressure (±2”Hg).
Refer Figure 2-3 and Figure 8-1 for pneumatic system connection.
3. Attach the pump to the “Exhaust Out” port on the instrument rear panel. The exhaust from
the pump also should be vented to a suitable vent at atmospheric pressure. (See Figure 2-3
for exhaust line venting recommendations.)
4. If desired, attach the analog output connections to a strip chart recorder and/or datalogger.
Non-isolated 4-20mA current output is standard. Each 4-20 mA current output should be
connected to one interfacing device only.
WARNING – Analyzer Exhaust
Danger – Analyzer exhaust may contain high concentration of SO2
gas. Exhaust properly from the pump pack exhaust to well ventilated
area at atmospheric pressure.
CAUTION
High voltages present inside case.
DO NOT LOOK AT THE UV LAMP.
UV LIGHT COULD CAUSE EYE DAMAGE.
ALWAYS USE SAFETY GLASSES
(PLASTIC GLASSES WILL NO DO).
Connect the exhaust fitting of the pump to a suitable
vent outside of the room.
2-2
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
CAUTION
Do not operate with cover off.
Before operation check for correct input
voltage and frequency on serial number sticker.
Do not plug in the power cord if the voltage or
frequency is incorrect.
Do no operate without proper chassis grounding.
Do not defeat the ground wire on power plug.
Turn off analyzer power before disconnecting or
connecting electrical subassemblies.
Always replace shipping screws when transporting the Analyzer.
2-3
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
2.3 Initial Operation
1. Turn on the instrument power.
2. The display should immediately light, displaying the instrument type (M100AH) and the
CPU memory configuration. If you are unfamiliar with the M100AH, we recommend that
3. The M100AH requires about 30 minutes for all internal components to come up to
temperature.
4. While waiting for instrument temperatures to come up, you can check for correct operation
by using some of the M100AH's diagnostic and test features.
display. Remember that as the instrument warms up the values may not have reached their
final values yet. If you would like to know more about the meaning and utility of each TEST
setting up the options.
the readings should compare closely with those in the Table. If they do not, see
2-7
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
The next task is to calibrate the analyzer. There are several ways to do a calibration; they are
and span gas coming in through the sample port. The procedure is:
WARNING – Analyzer Exhaust
Danger – Analyzer exhaust may contain high concentration of
SO2 gas. Exhaust properly from the pump pack exhaust to well
ventilated area at atmospheric pressure.
Step 1 - Enter the expected SO2 span gas concentration:
Step Number Action
Comment
1.
Press CAL-CONC
This key sequence causes the M100AH to prompt for the
expected SO2 concentration. Enter the SO2 span
concentration value by pressing the key under each digit until
the expected value is set.
2.
Press ENTR
Press EXIT
ENTR stores the expected SO2 span value. This value will be
used in the internal formulas to compute subsequent SO2
concentration values.
3.
4.
Returns instrument to SAMPLE mode.
Press SETUP-
RNGE-SET
If necessary you may want to change ranges. Normally the
instrument is shipped in single range mode set at 500 PPM.
5.
Press EXIT
Returns the instrument to SAMPLE mode.
2-8
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Step 2 - Calibrate the instrument:
Initial Zero/Span Calibration Procedure
Step Number Action
Comment
1.
Input Zero gas
Allow Zero gas to enter the sample port on the rear of the
instrument.
2.
3.
Press CAL
The M100AH enters the calibrate mode from sample mode.
Wait 5 - 10 min
Wait for reading to stabilize at the zero value. (If you wait
less than 5 - 10 minutes the final zero value may drift.)
4.
5.
Press ZERO
Press ENTR
The ENTR button will be displayed.
Pressing ENTR actually changes the calculation equations
and zeroes the instrument.
6.
7.
8.
Press EXIT
M100AH returns to the CAL menu. Allow SPAN gas to enter
the sample port on the rear of the instrument.
Wait 5 - 10 min
Press SPAN
Wait for reading to stabilize at the span value. (If you wait
less than 5 -10 minutes the final span value may drift.)
If SPAN button is not displayed, check the Troubleshooting
circumstances at low span gas concentrations (<100PPM),
both the ZERO and SPAN buttons will appear. This is
acceptable and just do not press ZERO button.
9.
Press ENTR
Press EXIT
Pressing ENTR actually changes the calculation equations so
that the concentration displayed is the same as the expected
span concentration you entered above, thus spanning the
instrument.
10.
Pressing EXIT returns the instrument to SAMPLE mode.
Step 3 - Review the quality of the calibration:
Calibration Quality Check Procedure
Step Number Action
Comment
1.
Scroll the TEST
function menu until
SLOPE is
Typical SLOPE value is 1.0 ± 0.3. If the value is not in this
acceptable range the instrument will perform optimally.
displayed.
2.
Scroll the TEST
function menu until
OFFSET is
The M100AH will display the OFFSET parameter for the
SO2 equation. A value less than 200mV indicates calibration
in the optimal range. If the OFFSET value is outside this
displayed.
Step 4 - The M100AH is now ready to measure sample gas.
2-9
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 2-1: Final Test and Calibration Values
Observed
Value
Test Values
Units
Nominal Range
Reference Section
RANGE
STABIL
PPM
PPM
10 - 5000
0.01 - 0.05
INLET
SAMPLE
PRESS
in-Hg-
Abs
25 - 35
VACUUM
PRESS
in-Hg-
Abs
4 - 10
SAMP FL
CC / MIN
650 ± 60
0 - 5000
PMT
mV
mV
UV LAMP
2000 - 4000
typical
STR. LGT
DARK PMT
DARK LAMP
SLOPE
PPM
mV
<100.0
<200
mV
<200
1.0 ± 0.3
<200
OFFSET
mV
V
HVPS
450 - 900 constant
2500 ± 200
50 ± 1
DCPS
mV
oC
RCELL TEMP
BOX TEMP
PMT TEMP
oC
oC
8 - 50
7 ± 1
Electric Test & Optic Test
Electric Test
PMT Volts
SO2 Conc
mV
2000 ± 100
PPM
2000 ± 100
Optic Test
PMT Volts
SO2 Conc
mV
200 ± 20
PPM
200 ± 20
2-12
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 2-1: Final Test and Calibration Values (Continued)
Observed
Value
Parameter
Units
Nominal Range
Reference Section
Span and Cal Values
SO2 Span Conc
SO2 Slope
PPM
100 - 4500
1.0 ± 0.3
<100
SO2 Offset
mV
Noise at Zero
(rms)
PPM
0.05 - 0.2
Noise at Span
(rms)
PPM
0.5% of reading
(above 50PPM)
Measured Flows
Sample Flow
cc/min
650 ± 60
Factory Installed Options
Power Voltage/Frequency
Rack Mount, w/ Slides
Rack Mount, w/ Ears Only
Zero/Span Valves Manifold
Multi-drop
Option Installed
Kicker
37 mm Filter
4-20 mA Isolated Current Loop Output
(non-isolated standard)
ISOLATED
NON-ISOLATED
SO2 (RANGE 1)
SO2 (RANGE 2)
SPARE
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
TEST OUTPUT
PROM #
Date
Serial #
Technician
2-13
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2-14
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
3 SPECIFICATIONS, AGENCY APPROVALS,
WARRANTY
3.1 Specifications
Ranges
In 1 PPM increments from 10 PPM to 5000 PPM, dual ranges or autoranging
Noise at Zero
Noise at Span
Lower Detectable Limit1
Zero Drift2
0.05 PPM RMS
<0.5% of reading (above 50 PPM)
0.1 PPM RMS
< 1 PPM/24 hours
<2 PPM/7 days
<0.5% FS/7 days
Zero Drift2
Span Drift2
Lag Time
5 sec
Rise Time
95% in < 30 sec
Fall Time
95% in < 30 sec
Sample Flow Rate
Linearity
650cc/min. ±10%
1% of full scale
Precision
0.5% of reading
Temperature Range
Temp Coefficient
Humidity
5 - 40oC
< 0.1% per oC
0 - 95% RH, non-condensing
Voltage Coefficient
Dimensions HxWxD
Weight, Analyzer
Weight, Pump Pack
Power, Analyzer
Power, Analyzer3
Power, Ext. Pump
Power, Ext. Pump3
Environmental
Conditions
< 0.05% per V
7"x17"x23.6" (18 cm x 43 cm x 61 cm)
43 lbs (19.5 kg)
16 lbs (7 kg)
110 v∼60 Hz, 220 v∼50 Hz, 240 v∼50 Hz, 250 watts
230 v∼50 Hz, 2.5A
110 v∼60 Hz, 220 v∼50 Hz, 240 v∼50 Hz, 295 watts
230 v∼50 Hz, 2.5 A
Installation Category (Overvoltage Category) II
Pollution Degree 2
4 - 20 mA non-isolated standard, 0-100 mV, 0-1, 5, 10 v ; resolution of 1 part
in 1024 of selected voltage or current range. 4 - 20 mA isolated optional.
12 Status Outputs from opto-isolator
PPM, mg/m3
Recorder Output4
Status Option
Measurement Units
1. Defined as twice the zero noise level.
2. At constant temperature and voltage.
3. Electrical ratings for CE Mark compliance.
4. Bi-polar. (voltage or current selectable by the jumper on the motherboard)
3-1
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
3.2 Warranty
WARRANTY POLICY (02024c)
Prior to shipment, Teledyne API equipment is thoroughly inspected and tested. Should
equipment failure occur, Teledyne API assures its customers that prompt service and support
will be available.
COVERAGE
After the warranty period and throughout the equipment lifetime, Teledyne API stands ready to
provide on-site or in-plant service at reasonable rates similar to those of other manufacturers in
the industry. All maintenance and the first level of field troubleshooting is to be performed by
the customer.
NON-TELEDYNE API MANUFACTURED EQUIPMENT
Equipment provided but not manufactured by Teledyne API is warranted and will be repaired to
the extent and according to the current terms and conditions of the respective equipment
manufacturers warranty.
GENERAL
Teledyne API warrants each Product manufactured by Teledyne API to be free from defects in
material and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of one year from the date of
delivery. All replacement parts and repairs are warranted for 90 days after the purchase.
If a Product fails to conform to its specifications within the warranty period, Teledyne API shall
correct such defect by, in Teledyne API's discretion, repairing or replacing such defective
Product or refunding the purchase price of such Product.
The warranties set forth in this section shall be of no force or effect with respect to any Product:
(i) that has been altered or subjected to misuse, negligence or accident, or (ii) that has been used
in any manner other than in accordance with the instruction provided by Teledyne API or (iii)
not properly maintained.
THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION AND THE REMEDIES
THEREFORE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OTHER
WARRANTY OF QUALITY, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. THE
REMEDIES SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION ARE THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES FOR
BREACH OF ANY WARRANTY CONTAINED HEREIN. TELEDYNE API SHALL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT OF TELEDYNE API'S
PERFORMANCE HEREUNDER, WHETHER FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR
OTHERWISE.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
All units or components returned to Teledyne API should be properly packed for handling and
returned freight prepaid to the nearest designated Service Center. After the repair, the equipment
will be returned, freight prepaid.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
4 THE M100AH SO2 ANALYZER
4.1 Principle of Operation
The operation of Teledyne API Model 100AH Analyzer is based upon the well proven technology
from the measurement of fluorescence of SO2 due to absorption of UV energy. Sulfur Dioxide
absorbs in the 190 nm - 230 nm region free of quenching by air and relatively free of other
interference.
The UV lamp emits ultraviolet radiation which passes through a 214 nm filter (allowing 214 nm
light through), exciting the SO2 molecules and producing fluorescence which is measured by a PMT
with a secondary UV filter. The equations describing the above reactions are as follows:
Ia
SO2 + hv1 → SO2* (1)
The ultraviolet light at any point in the system is given by:
Ia = I0
[1− exp
(
− ax
(
SO2 ))
]
(2)
Where I0 is the UV light intensity, a is the absorption coefficient of SO2, x the path length, and (SO2)
the concentration of SO2. The excited SO2 decays back to the ground state emitting a characteristic
fluorescence:
KF
SO2 * → SO2 + hv2 (3)
Ultraviolet light is focused through a narrow 214 nm bandpass filter into the reaction chamber. Here
it excites the SO2 molecules, which give off their characteristic decay radiation. The sample is under
vacuum to minimize quenching effect from CO2 and O2. A second filter allows only the decay
radiation to fall on the PMT. The PMT transfers the light energy into the electrical signal in the
sample stream being analyzed. The preamp board converts this signal into a voltage which is further
conditioned by the signal processing electronics.
The UV light source is measured by a UV detector. Software calculates the ratio of the PMT output
and the UV detector in order to compensate for variations in the UV light energy. Stray light is the
background light produced with zero PPM SO2. Once this background light is subtracted, the CPU
will convert this electrical signal into the SO2 concentration.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
4.2 Instrument Description
4.2.1 Sensor Module, Reaction Cell, Detector
the most complicated and critical sub-assembly in the entire analyzer. It consists of the following
assemblies and functions:
1. The reaction cell
2. Reaction cell heater/thermistor
3. PMT and HVPS (high voltage power supply)
4. PMT cooler/cold block/heatsink/fan
5. Preamp assembly:
A. Preamp range control hardware
B. HVPS control
C. PMT cooler temp control
6. Electric and optic test electronics
7. Light trap
8. UV lamp and UV detector
4.2.2 Pneumatic Sensor Board
The pneumatic sensor board consists of two pressure sensors mounted on the flow control
module. One pressure sensor measures the upstream of the flow control module which is near
ambient pressure. The second pressure sensor measures reaction cell’s pressure which is about
one-quarter of ambient pressure. From these two pressure the sample flow rate can be computed
and is displayed as sample flow in the test menu including two pressure readings. The M100AH
displays pressure in inches of mercury-absolute (in-Hg-A) and flow in cc/min.
4.2.3 Computer Hardware and Software
The M100AH Analyzer is operated by a micro computer. The computer's multitasking operating
system allows it to do instrument control, monitor test points, provide analog output and provide
a user interface via the display, keyboard and RS-232 port. These operations appear to be
happening simultaneously but are actually done sequentially based on a priority queuing system
maintained by the operating system. The jobs are queued for execution only when needed,
therefore the system is very efficient with computer resources.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
The M100AH is a true computer based instrument. The microprocessor does most of the
instrument control functions such as temperature control, and valve switching. Data collection
and processing are done entirely in the CPU with the final concentration values being sent to a
D/A converter to produce the instrument analog output.
The computer memory is divided into 3 sections: EPROM memory contains the multi-tasking
operating system code plus the instructions that run the instrument. The RAM memory is used to
hold temporary variables and current concentration data. The EEPROM memory contains the
instrument set-up variables such as range and instrument ID number. The EEPROM data is non-
volatile so the instrument can lose power and the current set-up information is preserved.
4.2.4 V/F Board
Computer communication is done via 2 major hardware assemblies. These are the V/F board and
the front panel display/keyboard.
The V/F board is multifunctional, consisting of A/D input channels, digital I/O channels, and
analog output channels. Communication with the computer is via a STD bus interface. The
computer receives all of the instrument data and provides all control functions through the V/F
board.
4.2.5 Front Panel
display and keyboard, 3 status LED's and power switch. Communication with the display,
keyboard, and status LED's is done via the computer's on-board parallel port. The M100AH was
designed as a computer controlled instrument, therefore all major operations can be controlled
from the front panel display and keyboard.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 4-1: System Modes Display
Mode
Meaning
SAMPLE
Sampling normally. Flashing indicates adaptive filter is on.
Sampling normally. AutoCal enabled.
Doing a ACAL (AutoCal) zero check or adjust
Doing a manual zero check or adjust
Doing a remote zero check
SAMPLE A
ZERO CAL A
ZERO CAL M
ZERO CAL R
SPAN CAL A
SPAN CAL M
SPAN CAL R
LOW CAL A
LOW CAL M
LOW CAL R
M-P CAL
Doing a ACAL (AutoCal) high span check or adjust
Doing a manual high span check or adjust
Doing a remote high span check
Doing a ACAL (AutoCal) low span check
Doing a manual low span check
Doing a remote low span check
Doing a multi-point calibration
SETUP nnn
DIAG I/O
Configuring analyzer (sampling continues). Software revision shown.
Diagnostic test mode for Signal I/O
DIAG AOUT
DIAG D/A
Diagnostic test mode for analog output
Diagnostic test mode for DAC calibration
Diagnostic test mode for Optic test
DIAG OPTIC
DIAG Elec
Diagnostic test mode for Electrical test
Diagnostic test mode for RS-232 test
Diagnostic test mode for Lamp calibration
Diagnostic test mode for Test channel output
DIAG RS232
DIAG LAMP
DIAG TCHN
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Figure 4-2: Front Panel Display
The display consists of 2 lines of 40 characters each (see Figure 4-2). The top line is divided into
3 fields, and displays information. The first field is the mode field. The mode field indicates the
current mode of the Analyzer. Usually, it shows "SAMPLE", indicating that the instrument is in
sample mode. The center field displays TEST values. The TEST functions allow you to quickly
access many important internal operating parameters of the M100AH. This provides a quick
check on the internal health of the instrument. The right hand field shows current concentration
value of SO2.
4.2.5.1 Front Panel Display
The second line of the display contains eight fields. Each field defines the key immediately
below it. By redefining the keys dynamically it is possible to simplify the instrument electronics
and user interface.
4.2.5.2 Status LED's
At the right of the display there are 3 status LED's. They can be in three states, OFF, ON, and
Blinking. The meanings of the LED's are given in Table 4-2.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 4-2: Front Panel Status LED's
LED
State
Meaning
Green
Off
On
Blinking
NOT monitoring, DAS disabled or inactive
Monitoring normally, taking DAS data
Monitoring, DAS in HOLDOFF mode (1)
Yellow
Red
Off
On
Blinking
Autocal disabled
Autocal enabled
Calibrating
Off
Blinking
No warnings exist
Warnings exist
(1) This occurs and means during Calibration, DAS holdoff, Power-up Holdoff, and when in
Diagnostic mode.
4.2.5.3 Power Switch
The power switch has two functions. The rocker switch controls overall power to the instrument;
in addition it includes a circuit breaker. If attempts to power up the M100AH result in a circuit
breaker trip, the switch automatically returns to the off position, and the instrument will not
power up. If this occurs, consult troubleshooting section or factory.
4.2.6 Power Supply Module
The Power supply module (PSM) supplies AC and DC power to the rest of the instrument. It
consists of a 4 output linear DC power supply and a 15 volt switching supply. In addition, it
contains the switching circuitry to drive the DC operated valves and several switched AC loads
to operate the reaction cell and UV lamp.
4.2.7 Pneumatic System
In the basic analyzer, the sample enters through a 5-micron TFE filter element. The sample then
enters the flow control module and the reaction cell. The external pump pack is supplied as
standard equipment with the M100AH.
When the zero/span valve option is included, the sample passes through the valve manifold and
Sample flow is controlled by a critical flow orifice. The orifice is protected by a 20-micron filter.
The orifice never needs adjustment. The critical flow orifice maintains precise volumetric flow
control as long as the down stream pressure of the orifice is maintained under critical pressure.
For example, at or near 14" (350 mm) Hg absolute at sea level.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
4.3 I/O Hardware Interface
4.3.1 RS-232 Interface
The M100AH uses the RS-232 communications protocol to allow the instrument to be connected
to a variety of computer based equipment. RS-232 has been used for many years and is well
documented. Generally, every manufacturer observes the signal and timing requirements of the
protocol very carefully.
Data Communications Software for a PC: You will need to purchase a software package so
your computer can transmit and receive on its serial port. There are many such programs, we use
PROCOMM at TELEDYNE API. Once you set up the variables in PROCOMM and your wiring
connections are correct, you will be able to communicate with the analyzer. Make sure the
analyzer is set up for 2400 baud (SETUP-MORE-COMM-BAUD) and that PROCOMM is set up
as described in the "RS-232 Pin Assignments" Figure 4-3.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
4.3.1.1 RS-232 Connection Examples
Example 1: Connecting the M100AH (using supplied cable) to an IBM-PC AT compatible
computer (DB-25 external connector, or DB-25 end of DB-9 to DB-25 Adapter).
In this case, the PC is wired as DTE and the analyzer is jumpers set as DCE, therefore a null
modem is not needed. The wiring is "straight through" i.e. pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, etc.
Therefore all you have to do here is adapt the connector on the analyzer cable (male DB-25) to
the DB-25 male on the PC. A female to female DB-25 "gender changer" (cable or adapter) will
complete the connection. Make sure none of the adapters have null modems in them.
Example 2: Connecting the Teledyne API analyzer to a serial printer.
In this case, it will be necessary to determine whether the printer is DCE or DTE. Some printers
can be configured for either DCE or DTE by jumpers or DIP switch settings. Consult the user
manual for the printer. If the DB-25 connector pinout shows that data is output on pin 2 (from
the printer), then it is DTE and the TELEDYNE API analyzer should be switch set to DCE
mode. If pin 2 of the printer DB-25 is an input to the printer, then set the switch of the analyzer
to DTE mode. Refer to drawing #01916.
Example 3: Connecting the Teledyne API analyzer to a modem.
The modem is always configured as DCE. Therefore, setting switch as the DTE will be required
to connect the analyzer to the modem. Refer to drawing #01916.
4.3.1.2 RS-232 Diagnostic Procedures
There are several features of the M100AH to make connecting to RS-232 and diagnosing RS-
232 faults easier.
There are two LED's on the rear panel Connector Board that which are connected to pin 2 and 3
of the DB-9 connector on the board. If the switch is in the DCE position (default) the red LED is
connected to pin 3 of the DB-9 connector. When data is transmitted by the M100AH the red
LED will flicker, indicating data present on this line. When the M100AH is running, the LED
will normally be ON, indicating logic low. A one second burst of data can be transmitted over
the port by a command in the DIAGNOSTIC menu. Press SETUP-DIAG, scroll to select RS232
and press ENTR to transmit a burst of lower case "w"'s.
The green LED is connected to pin 2. If the switch is in the default DCE position, this is the pin
on which the M100AH receives data. It is ON if an outside device is connected. This LED gets
its power from the outside device. When data is being transmitted by the outside device to the
M100AH this LED will flicker.
When you are attempting to configure the RS-232 port, if either of the LED's go out when the
cable is connected, that generally means that there is a grounding problem. Check the relative
ground levels of pin 5 on the DB-9.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
4.3.2 Status Output Interface
The status output is a feature that reports the Analyzer conditions via contact closures on the rear
panel. The closures are available on a 50 pin connector on the rear panel. The contacts are NPN
transistors which can draw up to 50 mA of DC current. The pin assignments are listed in the
Table below.
Table 4-3: Status Output Pin Assignments
Output #
PIN #
Definition
Condition
1
2
1 (-), 2 (+)
ZERO CAL
CLOSED IN ZERO CAL
3 (-), 4 (+)
SPAN CAL
CLOSED IN SPAN CAL
3
5 (-), 6 (+)
FLOW ALARM
TEMP ALARM
DIAG MODE
POWER OK
CLOSED IF FLOW WARNING
CLOSED IF ANY TEMP WARNING
CLOSED IN DIAG MODE
CLOSED IF SYSTEM POWER OK
CLOSED IF SYSTEM OK
CLOSED IF HVPS WARNING
4
7 (-), 8 (+)
5
9 (-), 10 (+)
11 (-), 12 (+)
21 (-), 22 (+)
19 (-), 20 (+)
13 (-), 14 (+)
23 (-), 24 (+)
25 (-), 26 (+)
27 (-), 28 (+)
6
7
SYSTEM OK
HVPS ALARM
SPARE
8
9
10
11
12
HIGH RANGE
LOW SPAN CAL
UV LAMP ALARM
CLOSED IF HIGH PMT RANGE
LOW SPAN CALIBRATION
CLOSED IF UV LAMP WARNING
The Status/Temp Board schematic can be found in the Appendix Drawing 01087.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
4.3.3 Contact Closure Control Input Interface
The Zero/Span calibration can be initiated using external control inputs to control optional
Zero/Span valves. There are 4 optoisolator type control inputs available and each input is
assigned by the software for specific calibration control. Refer to Figure 2-2 REMOTE IN PIN
for additional information.
Figure 4-4 shows an example of a control input interfacing circuit. The input current through the
LED is limited by a built-in resistor to prevent damage due to over-current. Once the desired
input channels are properly connected, the user can set up each input to perform specific
calibration. The input signal should be a high level (opto closed) with a minimum duration of 1
second.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5 SOFTWARE FEATURES
This section covers the software features of M100AH which is designed as a computer
controlled instrument. All major operations are controlled from the front panel display and
keyboard through a user friendly menu. Sample mode is explained for the basic operation of the
analyzer including calibration steps. Advanced software features are covered for experienced
users under the Setup mode offering advanced instrument control capabilities for optimum
operation of the instrument. See "Section 2 Getting Started" for installation and initial operation.
5.1 Index To Front Panel Menus
The next several pages contain two different styles of indexes that will allow you to navigate the
M100AH software menus. The first two pages show a "tree" menu structure to let you see at a
glance where each software feature is located in the menu. The second menu contains a brief
description of each key mnemonic and a reference to the section of the manual that describes its
purpose and function in detail.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.1.1 Sample Menu
Table 5-1: M100AH Sample Menu Structure
Menu Level
Reference
Section
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Description
TEST
TST>
Test functions
CAL
Zero/Span calibration w/ gas
through sample port
LOW
HIGH
Shown if AUTO or DUAL
range selected for low span
calibration
Shown if AUTO or DUAL
range selected for high span
calibration
CALZ
CALS
Zero calibration w/ zero gas
from zero valve option
Span calibration w/ span gas
from span valve option
ZERO
SPAN
Press ZERO then ENTR will
zero analyzer
Press SPAN then ENTR will
span analyzer
LOW
HIGH
Low span gas calibration
High span gas calibration
CONC
Expected SO2 span
concentration
SETUP
The SETUP Menu - See next
table
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.1.2 Set-Up Menu
Table 5-2: M100AH Setup Menu Structure
Setup Menu #1
Reference
Section
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Description
CFG
CFG is primarily used for
showing special
configuration options and
factory special software
PREV,
NEXT,
LIST
PREV, NEXT can be used
to scroll through the
configuration list
LIST automatically scrolls
the list
AUTOCAL
Automatic zero/span check
or calibration
SEQx
Select SEQUENCE 1 thru
3
MODE
SET
Disable or enable zero
and/or span mode
SETUP automatic
zero/sapn calibration
sequence
DAS
Data Acquisition System
(DAS) -
EDIT
SETUP Data Acquisition
System (DAS)
VIEW
PREV
PV10
NEXT
NX10
Examine the DAS data
buffer - display previous
average
Move UP previous 10
averages in the DAS data
buffer
Examine the DAS data
buffer - display next
average
Display next 10 averages in
the DAS data buffer
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 5-3: M100AH Menu Structure - Setup Menu #2
Setup Menu #2
Reference
Section
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Description
RNGE
Range control menu
MODE
Range mode select - Single,
Autorange, Dual
AUTO
DUAL
SINGLE
Automatically select output
range
Independent output ranges
for REC and DAS
Single range for both REC
and DAS outputs
SET
Sets range if mode is Single
range
LO
HI
Sets low range value if
Autorange enabled
Sets high range value if
Autorange enabled
UNITS
Unit selection menu
PPM,
MGM
Select units that instrument
uses
PASS
Password enable/disable
menu
ON-OFF
TIME
Enable/disable password
checking
CLOCK
MORE
Adjusts time on the internal
time of day clock
DATE
Adjusts date on the internal
time of day clock
Continue menu one MORE
level down
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 5-4: M100AH Menu Structure - Setup Menu #3
Setup Menu #3
Reference
Section
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Description
MORE
Next level of the SETUP
menu
COMM
RS-232 communications
control menu
BAUD
300-
Set the BAUD rate to 300-
1200-2400-4800-9600-
19.2K
1200-
2400-
4800-
9600-
19.2k
ID
Sets the instrument ID-
(included on all RS-232
messages)
VARS
DIAG
Internal variables
PREV,
NEXT,
JUMP,
EDIT
PREV, NEXT scroll up and
down through the VARS
menu. Jump will go to
variable number selected,
EDIT will allow editing of
the selected variable.
Diagnostic menu
PREV,
NEXT
PREV, NEXT scroll up and
down through the DIAG
menu. (SIGNAL I/O,
ANALOG OUTPUT, D/A
CALIBRATION, OPTIC
TEST, ELECTRICAL
TEST, LAMP
CALIBRATION, TEST
CHAN OUTPUT, RS-232
OUTPUT)
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.2 Sample Mode
5.2.1 Test Functions
NOTE
In any of the following TEST functions, if XXXX is displayed,
that indicates an off scale and therefore meaningless reading.
To use the TEST functions to diagnose instrument faults, refer to Troubleshooting Section 10.1.
Range
This is the range of the instrument. In standard configuration there is one range for both REC
and DAS outputs.
Dual range allows a different range for each output. When enabled, the RANGE test
measurement is replaced with two different test measurements, RANGE1 (LOW RANGE) and
RANGE2 (HIGH RANGE).
Auto range option allows a low range and high range. The M100AH will automatically switch to
the other range dynamically as concentration values require. The TEST values will show the
range the instrument is currently operating in, and will dynamically display the alternate range as
the range changes occur.
Stability
The instrument stability is used to indicate the stability of measurement of analyzer. It is
computed as the standard deviation of 25 samples of a moving window with interval of 10
seconds between each sample.
Sample Pressure
Sample pressure is measured using a solid state pressure sensor at the upstream of the flow
control module. This reading will vary according to the sample gas pressure, altitude and local
weather condition.
Vacuum Pressure
Sample pressure is measured at the downstream of the flow control module. This reading is the
reaction cell pressure which is used by the CPU to compensate the SO2 concentration due to its
pressure of the sample gas in the reaction cell.
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Sample Flow
The sample flow is computed from the pressure measured upstream of the flow control module.
Since the downstream of the orifice is well within the critical pressure (which is also checked
continuously), it is the upstream pressure of the orifice responsible directly proportional to the
flow through the orifice. Flow variation has little effect on the analyzer reading. Its nominal
value is 650 ± 60 cc/min.
PMT Voltage
The PMT VOLTAGE measures the PMT signal at the output of the preamp board. The
waveform of the PMT voltage can be complex, and vary up to 5000 mV when a high
concentration of SO2 is being measured. If the PMT reading is consistently 5000 mV, that
indicates an off-scale reading. Typical readings bounce around, which is normal.
UV Lamp
UV Lamp reading is the measurement voltage from the reference detector preamp board. Typical
value is between 2000 mV and 4000 mV and above 600 mV is acceptable.
Stray Light
Stray Light is the background light of the reaction cell expressed in PPM while sampling zero
gas. It is only an indication of the condition of the optical system such as lenses, UV filter, light
leak, etc.
Dark PMT
The dark current of the PMT is periodically measured to compensate any PMT dark current drift
and offset. Typical value is less than 200 mV.
Dark Lamp
This is the dark current of the UV reference detector which is used to compensate any dark
current drift and offset. This measurement is synchronized to the Dark PMT measurement
period. Typical value is less than 200 mV.
Slope
The coefficient of straight line equation (y = mx + b) determines the calibration of the M100AH.
The slope parameter (m) can be thought of as a gain term which determines the steepness of the
calibration curve. Typical value is 1 ± 0.3.
Offset
The offset parameter (b) compensates for differences in the background signal of the optical
system. Typical value is less than 100 mV.
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High Voltage Power Supply (HVPS)
The HVPS reading is a measure of the scaled-up HVPS programming voltage. The voltage used
to set the HVPS output is generated on the Preamp board. Its value is between 0 and 1 volt,
corresponding to a voltage of 0 to 1000 volts out of the HVPS. The HVPS front panel TEST
measurement will be typically around 450-650 V.
DC Power Supply (DCPS)
The DCPS voltage is a composite of the 5 and ± 15 VDC voltages in the Power Supply Module.
This is meant to be a quick indicator to show if the PSM is working correctly. The nominal value
is 2500 mV ± 200 mV.
Reaction Cell Temperature
This is a measurement of the temperature of the reaction cell. It is controlled by the computer to
50 ± 1°C. Temperatures outside this range will cause the M100AH output to drift.
Box Temperature
This TEST function measures the temperature inside the chassis of the M100AH. The temperature
sensor is located on the Status/Temp Board. Typically it runs 2 to 10°C higher than the ambient
temperature. The M100AH has been engineered to operate over 5 to 40°C ambient temperature
range.
PMT Temperature
The temperature of the PMT is closely controlled by a dedicated proportional temperature controller.
The nominal set-point is 7 ± 1°C. Readings outside this range will cause instrument drift due to gain
changes in the PMT detector.
Time
This is an output of the M100AH's internal time of day clock.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.2.2 CAL, CALS, CALZ, Calibration Functions
Table 8-1 summarizes types of calibration.
5.2.2.1 CAL, CALS, CALZ
The CAL, CALS, and CALZ keys control the calibration functions of the analyzer. In the CAL
mode the analyzer can be calibrated with zero/span gas coming in through the sample filter
assembly on the rear panel. If the instrument will be used on more than one range such as AUTO
RANGE or DUAL RANGE, it should be calibrated separately on each applicable range (see
If the analyzer is equipped with the optional Zero/Span valves, there will also be CALZ and
CALS buttons. The setup of this option is covered in Section 6.3, and operation is explained in
5.2.2.2 Zero
Pressing the ZERO key along with ENTR will cause the instrument to adjust the OFFSET value
of the internal formula so that the instrument reads zero. The M100AH allows zero adjustment
over a limited range of signal levels mostly due to the background signal, therefore the signal
does not have to be exactly zero for the instrument to do a zero cal. The instrument will not,
however, allow a zero cal on any signal level, therefore it is not possible to zero the instrument
with span gas in the reaction cell. If the ZERO key does not come on as expected, check
5.2.2.3 Span
Pressing the SPAN key along with ENTR will cause the instrument to adjust the SLOPE value of
the internal formula so the instrument displays the span value. The expected SO2 span
concentration must be entered before doing a SPAN calibration. See Table 8-3.
Like the Zero calibration, the Span cal cannot be done with any concentration of span gas. If the
signal level is outside certain limits, the SPAN key will not be illuminated. If you encounter this
ZERO and SPAN keys might be on, thus allowing you to either zero or span the instrument. In
this case, care must be taken to perform the correct operation or the analyzer can become mis-
calibrated.
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5.2.2.4 SO2 Cal Concentration
Before the M100AH can be spanned, it is necessary to enter the expected span concentrations for
SO2. This is done by using CAL-CONC. Concentration values from 10 to 4500 PPM are
accepted. If a value of XXXX is displayed, that indicates an offscale, or invalid reading. The
XXXX value will often be displayed at power-up when there is no data yet available to be
displayed. Certain instrument fault conditions will cause X's to be displayed. This is the same as
the needle being offscale on a analog meter. See the Troubleshooting Section 10.2.8 if this
occurs.
5.2.2.5 Formula Values
The slope and offset terms should be checked after each calibration. The values for these terms
contain important information about the internal health of the analyzer.
To compute the SO2 concentration, the formula for a straight line is used.
y = mx + b
Where:
y = the SO2 concentration
m = the slope
x = the conditioned PMT tube output
b = the offset
In comparison with analog analyzers the slope term is equivalent to the "span pot" and the b term
is equivalent to the "zero pot". Again, like an analog analyzer, there is only a limited range of
adjustment allowed for either term, and there are consequences of having the values near the
high or low limits of their respective ranges.
The x term is the conditioned PMT signal. PMT signal is adjusted for the lamp ratio background,
range, temperature, and pressure.
The offset (b) term is the total background light with the zero term subtracted out. The zero term
measures detector dark current and amplifier noise. The b term is composed mostly of the optical
system background.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.3 Set-Up Mode
5.3.1 Configuration Information (CFG)
This menu item will tell if the installed software has factory special features or other non-
standard features. If you call Teledyne API service, you may be asked for information from this
menu.
5.3.2 Automatic Calibration (AutoCal)
The AutoCal feature allows the M100AH to automatically operate the Zero/Span Valve option
ON on a timed basis to check or adjust its calibration. This menu item is shown only if the
Zero/Span Valve option is installed. Detailed information on setting up AutoCal is found in the
5.3.3 Data Acquisition System (DAS)
The Model 100AH contains a flexible and powerful built in data acquisition system (DAS) that
enables the analyzer to store concentration data as well as many diagnostic parameters in its
battery backed memory. This information can be viewed from the front panel or printed out
through the RS-232 port. The diagnostic data can be used for performing “Predictive
Diagnostics” and trending to determine when maintenance and servicing will be required.
The logged parameters are stored in what are called “Data Channels.” Each Data Channel can
store multiple data parameters. The Data Channels can be programmed and customized from the
front panel. A set of default Data Channels has been included in the Model 100AH software.
These are described Section 5.3.3.1. For more information on programming custom Data
Channels, a supplementary document containing this information can be requested from
Teledyne API.
5.3.3.1 Data Channels
The function of the Data Channels is to store, report, and view data from the analyzer. The data
may consist of SO2 concentration, or may be diagnostic data, such as the sample flow or PMT
output.
The M100AH comes pre-programmed with a set of useful Data Channels for logging SO2
concentration and predictive diagnostic data. The default Data Channels can be used as they are,
or they can be changed by the user to fit a specific application. They can also be deleted to make
room for custom user-programmed Data Channels.
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The data in the default Data Channels can be viewed through the SETUP-DAS-VIEW menu.
Use the PREV and NEXT buttons to scroll through the Data Channels and press VIEW to view
the data. The last record in the Data Channel is shown. Pressing PREV and NEXT will scroll
through the records one at a time. Pressing NX10 and PV10 will move forward or backward 10
records. For Data Channels that log more than one parameter, such as PNUMTC, buttons labeled
<PRM and PRM> will appear. These buttons are used to scroll through the parameters located
in each record.
The function of each of the default Data Channels is described below:
Samples SO2 concentration at one minute intervals and stores an average every
hour with a time and date stamp. Readings during calibration and calibration
hold off are not included in the data. The last 800 hourly averages are stored.
CONC:
Collects sample flow and sample pressure data at five minute intervals and
stores an average once a day with a time and date stamp. This data is useful for
monitoring the condition of the pump and critical flow orifice (sample flow)
and the sample filter (clogging indicated by a drop in sample pressure) over
time to predict when maintenance will be required. The last 360 daily averages
(about 1 year) are stored.
PNUMTC:
Logs new slope and offset every time a zero or span calibration is performed.
This Data Channel also records the instrument reading just prior to performing
a calibration.
CALDAT:
NOTE: This Data Channel collects data based on an event (a calibration) rather
than a timer. This Data Channel will store data from the last 200 calibrations.
This does not represent any specific length of time since it is dependent on how
often calibrations are performed. As with all Data Channels, a time and date
stamp is recorded for every data point logged.
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5.3.3.2 RS-232 Reporting
Automatic RS-232 reporting can be independently enabled and disabled for each Data Channel.
For all default data channels, RS-232 reporting is initially set to “OFF.” If this property is turned
on, the Data Channel will issue a report with a time and date stamp to the RS-232 port every
time a data point is logged. The report format is shown below:
D 31:10:06 0412 CONC : AVG CONC1=6.8 PPM
The report consists of the letter “D” follow by a time/date stamp (“31:10:06”) followed by the
instrument ID number (“0412”). Next is the Data Channel name (“CONC”) and the sampling
mode (“AVG” indicates that the data point is an average of more than one sample as opposed to
a instantaneous reading, “INST”). Finally, the name of the parameter and its value
(“CONC1=6.8 PPM”) are printed. For Data Channels that sample more than one parameter, such
as PNUMTC and CALDAT, each parameter is printed on a separate line.
To enable RS-232 reporting for a specific Data Channel:
Step
Action
Comment
1.
Enter DAS menu to edit Data Channels
Press SETUP-DAS-
EDIT-ENTR
2.
3.
4.
Select Data Channel to edit
Edit selected Data Channel
Press PREV/NEXT
Press EDIT
Scroll through setup properties until RS-232 REPORT:
OFF is displayed
Press SET> (5 times)
5.
6.
7.
8.
Edit selected setup property
Change RS-232 REPORT property
Accepts change
Press EDIT
Toggle OFF to ON
Press ENTR
Exits back to sample menu
Press EXIT (4 times)
See Section 7.7 for more information on DAS reporting through the RS-232 interface.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.3.4 Range Menu
The instrument operates on any full scale range from 10 to 5000 PPM. The range is the
concentration value that equals the maximum current (or voltage) output on the rear panel of the
instrument.
If the range you select is between 10 and 500 PPM the front panel display will read the
concentration anywhere from 0 to 500 PPM regardless of the range selected, however the analog
output is scaled for the range selected. If the range selected is from 501 to 5000 PPM the front
panel display will read from 0 to 5,000 PPM. The M100AH has 2 internal hardware gain
settings, namely 0-500 PPM (gain of 10) and 0-5000 PPM (gain of 1). If the physical gain
changes, then the test measurement readings such as PMT and OFFSET will be adjusted
accordingly.
NOTE
If the instrument will be used on more than one range such as AUTO
RANGE or DUAL RANGE, it should be calibrated separately on each
Each 4-20 mA current output channel should be connected to one interfacing device only.
There are 3 range choices: only one of the following range choices can be active at any one time.
1. Single Range; two analog outputs are fixed to a single range.
2. Auto Range; both analog outputs are automatically set for low or high range.
3. Dual Ranges; each of an analog output ranges can be set differently.
5.3.4.1 Single Range
This range option selects a single range for both output channels (REC, DAS) of the M100AH.
To select Single Range press SETUP-RNGE-MODE-SING, then press ENTR. To set the value
for the range press SETUP-RNGE-SET, and enter the full scale range desired from 10 PPM to
5000 PPM, then press ENTR.
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5.3.4.2 Auto Range
Auto Range allows output range to automatically range between a low value (RANGE1) and a
higher value (RANGE2). When the instrument output increases to 98% of the low range value, it
will Auto Range into Hi range. In Hi range, when the output decreases to 75% of low range, it
will change to the lower range. There is only one low range and one high range for all outputs.
range that is less than Low range, the M100AH will remain locked in Low range and behave as a
Single Range instrument.
To set up Auto Range press SETUP-RNGE-MODE-AUTO, then press ENTR. To set the values
press SETUP-RNGE-SET. The M100AH will prompt you for Low Range, then Hi Range which
is the lower and upper ranges of Auto Range. Key in the values desired, then press ENTR.
Once desired range is selected, then M100AH should be calibrated for each range entered. (Refer
5.3.4.3 Dual Ranges
Dual Ranges allows you to select different ranges for REC and DAS analog output channels. To
set up Dual Ranges press SETUP-RNGE-MODE-DUAL, then press ENTR. To set the values
press SETUP-RNGE-SET. The M100AH will prompt you for the range of RANGE1 (REC) and
RANGE2 (DAS) outputs (refer to Figure 2-2 for corresponding analog output terminals). Key in
the desired range for each output channel, then press ENTR after each value.
If Dual Range is selected and their desired ranges are entered accordingly, the M100AH should
If user has selected either Auto Range or Dual Range, then pressing CAL button will cause to
display LOW RANGE (RANGE 1) and HI RANGE (RANGE 2). Select desired range number
and press ENTR to continue calibration procedure of selected range. Under each range
calibration procedure, the M100AH will display separate test measurement functions
accordingly to show the Slope, Offset, Range, etc. However once exit this calibration menu and
RANGE (RANGE1) are used throughout the M100AH.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.3.4.4 Concentration Units
The M100AH can display concentrations in PPM, mg/m3. Coefficients for mg/m3 were based on
0°C (25°C for U.S.EPA), 760 mmHg. Different pressure and temperature can be used by
adjusting values entered for calibration gas to read the correct concentration at the conditions
being used. This adjustment is not needed if units are within the same type.
To change the current units press SETUP-RNGE-UNIT from the SAMPLE mode and select the
desired units.
CAUTION
If the current units are in PPM and the span value is 400 PPM, and
the units are change to mg/m3 the span value is NOT re-calculated to
the equivalent value in mg/m3. Therefore the span value now becomes
400 mg/m3 instead of 400 PPM. Use the following equation to convert
the unit with proper temperature and pressure adjustments. Then
recalibrate the analyzer.
T
760 mmHg
mg
SO2 in ppm × 2.86 ×
×
= SO2 in
m3
273o K
P
NOTE
You should now re-enter the expected span concentration value in
different units which should be adjusted for proper pressure and
temperature (25°C for U.S. EPA) in the new units and re-calibrate
Changing units affects all of the RS-232 values, all of the display
values, and all of the calibration values and therefore you must
re-calibrate the Analyzer.
5-17
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5.3.5 Password Enable
There are two levels of password protection. The most restrictive level requires a password to do
instrument calibration. The second level requires a password to do SETUP functions.
If both password levels are turned off, no passwords are required, except in the VARS menu
where a password is always required. To enable password press SETUP-PASS-ON. A list of
Table 5-5: Calibrate, Setup Passwords
Password Usage
Calibration Password
Setup Password
Password
512
Use to get into CAL menus
Use to get into SETUP menus
818
5.3.6 Time of Day Clock
The instrument has an internal time of day clock. The time of day can be set by pressing SETUP-
CLOCK-TIME and entering the time in 24hr format. In a similar manner the date can be entered
by pressing SETUP-CLOCK-DATE and entering the date in a DD-MM-YY format. If you are
having trouble with the clock running slow or fast, the speed of the clock can be adjusted by
selecting the CLOCK_ADJ variable in the SETUP-MORE-VARS menu (See Section 10.1.4).
5.3.7 Diagnostic Mode
The M100AH Diagnostic Mode allows additional tests and calibrations of the instrument. These
features are separate from the TEST functions because each DIAG function has the ability to
alter or disable the output of the instrument. While in DIAG mode no data is placed in the DAS
averages. Details on the use of Diagnostic mode are in Section 10.1.3.
5.3.8 Communications Menu
The COMM menu allows the RS-232 BAUD rate to be set. To set the BAUD rate press SETUP-
MORE-COMM-BAUD, select the appropriate BAUD rate, then press ENTR.
The instrument ID number can also be set. This ID number is attached to every RS-232 message
sent by the M100AH. To set the ID press SETUP-MORE-COMM-ID and enter a 4 digit number
from 0000-9999, then press ENTR.
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5.3.9 Variables Menu (VARS)
This menu enables you to change the settings on certain internal variables. The VARS
CAUTION
Before changing the settings on any variables, make sure you
understand the consequences of the change. The variables should only
be changed by skilled maintenance people since they can potentially
interfere with the performance of the Analyzer.
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INTENTIONALLY BLANK
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6 OPTIONAL HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
Optional equipment offered with the M100AH includes:
1. Rack mount with slides (P/N 00280)
2. Rack mount without slides, ears only (P/N 01470)
3. Zero/Span valves assembly (P/N 0178603)
4. 4-20mA, isolated outputs (P/N 01471)
6.1 Rack Mount Options
The Rack Mount option including slides and ears, permits the Analyzer to be mounted in a
standard 19" wide x 24" deep RETMA rack. The Rack Mount option can also be ordered without
slides for applications requiring the instrument to be rigidly mounted in a RETMA rack.
6.2 Zero/Span Valves
The Zero/Span Valve option consists of a manifold with four valves. See Figure 2-5 for valve
location. Connections are provided on the rear panel for two (low and high) span gas and zero
Table 6-1: Zero/Span Valve Operation
Mode
Description
Reference Section
1.
Front panel operation via
CALS and CALZ
buttons.
2.
3.
4.
Automatic operation
using AUTOCAL
Remote operation using
the RS-232 interface
Remote operation using
external contact closures
Section 8.5 - Automatic operation using external contact
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Zero/Span valves have 4 operational states:
1. Sample mode. All four valves are not energized and sample gas passes through the sample
valve and into the analyzer for analysis. For any other mode, sample valve is energized to
2. Zero mode. The zero valve is energized allowing zero gas to be admitted into the analyzer
through the rear panel bulkhead fitting.
3. Low Span mode. The low span valve is energized and low span gas is admitted into the
analyzer through a rear panel bulkhead fitting.
4. High Span mode. The high span valve is energized and high span gas is admitted into the
analyzer through a rear panel bulkhead fitting.
Zero air and span gas inlets should supply their respective gases in excess of the 700 cc/min (i.e.
1000 cc/min) demand of the analyzer at ambient pressure. Ideally the calibration gas pressure
should be the same one as the sample gas pressure and should not differ more than 2 in-Hg.
Supply and vent lines should be of sufficient length and diameter to prevent back diffusion and
Adequate inexpensive zero air can be supplied from the room air by connecting a charcoal
scrubber and 5 micron particulate filter (Teledyne API P/N 000369) to the zero air inlet tubing.
The zero air scrubber used in conjunction with the Zero/Span Valve option provides an
inexpensive source of zero air.
6.3 Autocal - Setup Zero/Span Valves
The Zero/Span valves system can be set up to operate automatically on a timed basis. The
Teledyne API model 100AH with Zero/Span valves option offers capability to check any
combination of zero and up to two span points either automatically on a timed basis, through
There are three auto-calibration sequences called SEQ1, SEQ2, and SEQ3. Each SEQ can be
programmed to perform a specific calibration sequence. Under each SEQ, there are five
parameters that affect zero/span checking: the mode enable/selection, the starting date and time
of the calibration, the number of delay days and time, duration of calibration, and calibration
adjust enable/disable.
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1. Calibration Sequence Mode
Each sequence can generate any one of 7 different combinations of ZERO, LO, or HI span point.
Press SETUP-ACAL, and scroll up or down to select the desired sequence number (SEQx).
Press MODE and scroll up or down by pressing PREV or NEXT. Select one of the combination
shown below and press ENTR.
Combinations:
1) DISABLED; will disable corresponding SEQx setup.
2) ZERO
3) ZERO-LO
4) ZERO-HI
5) ZERO-LO-HI
6) LO
7) HI
8) LO-HI
2. Setup Calibration Timer:
Press SETUP-ACAL-SET to setup or edit the automatic calibration timer.
Following table summarizes the setup procedures:
Table 6-2: Setup Automatic Zero/Span Calibration
Default
ON
Description
Timer Enable
Starting Date
Starting Time
Delta Days
Enable or disable automatic calibration timer.
MM:DD:YY
01-JAN-95
00:00
1
HH:MM, 0 - 23 hours and 0 - 59 minutes
Delay days between each calibration
(0 - 365 days)
Delta Time
Duration
00:00
HH:MM, 0 - 23 hours and 0 - 59 minutes
1 - 60.0 minutes
15.0 minutes
OFF
Calibrate
on/off. If ON is selected, it will adjust the
calibration.
The Timer Enable can be set to “OFF” to disable the automatic calibration timer while the
remote RS-232 calibration of specific sequence can be initiated.
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NOTE
Avoid setting two or more sequences at the same time of the day. Any new
sequence which is initiated whether from a timer, the RS-232, or the contact
closure inputs will override any sequence that is in progress.
The programmed start time must be a minimum of 5 minutes
later than the real time clock.
Examples of possible sequences are as following under any one of three available SEQx.
Example 1: To perform zero-span calibration check once per day at 10:30 PM, 5/20/97.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
MODE: ZERO-HI
TIMER ENABLE: ON
STARTING DATE: 5/20/97
STARTING TIME: 22:30
DELTA DAYS: 1
DELTA TIME: 00:00
DURATION: 15.0 MINUTES
CALIBRATE: OFF
Example 2: To perform zero calibration adjust once per day retarding 15 minutes everyday starting
at 11:30 pm, 5/20/97.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
MODE: ZERO
TIMER ENABLE: ON
STARTING DATE: 5/20/97
STARTING TIME: 23:30
DELTA DAYS: 0
DELTA TIME: 23:45
DURATION: 15.0 MINUTES
CALIBRATE: ON
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Example 3: To perform zero-span calibration check once per day at 10:30 PM and zero calibration
adjust once per week starting at 11:30 PM, 5/20/97.
1. Select any one of SEQx and setup as example 1 above.
2. Select any other SEQx and program as follows. Always avoid setting two or more sequences
at the same time of the day.
1) MODE: ZERO
2) TIMER ENABLE: ON
3) STARTING DATE: 5/20/97
4) STARTING TIME: 23:30
5) DELTA DAYS: 7
6) DELTA TIME: 00:00
7) DURATION: 15.0 MINUTES
8) CALIBRATE: ON
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6.4 4-20 mA, Isolated Current Loop Output
The standard non-isolated 4-20 mA current output provides current output capability by sharing the
common electrical ground. The optional current output offers to isolate the electrical ground from
the external ground of the interfacing device. The setup and operation is identical to the non-isolated
current output. See Troubleshooting Section 10 for electrical calibration procedure and refer to
drawings 01087 and 01248 for the jumper settings. Depending on the jumper setting, it can be used
for the current output or the voltage output.
NOTE
Each 4-20 mA current output should be connected to one
interfacing device only.
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7 RS-232 INTERFACE
The RS-232 communications protocol allows the instrument to be connected to a wide variety of
computer based equipment. The interface provides two basic functions in the M100AH.
1. First is a comprehensive command interface for operating and diagnosing the analyzer. This
interface has in fact more capabilities than the front panel keyboard.
2. The interface can provide an audit trail of analyzer events. In this function the port sends out
messages about instrument events like calibration or warning messages. If these messages are
captured on a printer or remote computer, they provide a continuous audit trail of the
analyzers operation and status.
7.1 Setting Up the RS-232 Interface
The baud rate is set from the front panel by SETUP-MORE-COMM-BAUD. Select the baud rate
appropriate for your application, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19.2K. It is important to note
that the interfacing device must have identical settings in order for the communications to
work correctly.
Second is physical wiring of the analyzer to the other unit. We have incorporated into the
analyzer LED's that signal the presence of data on the communications lines, and also jumper
blocks to easily re-configure the analyzer from DCE to DTE if necessary (see drawing #01917).
In addition the front panel diagnostics allow test data streams to be sent out of the port on
command. This flexibility and diagnostic capability should simplify attaching our equipment to
other computers or printers. If problems occur, see the Section 4.3.1.2.
7.1.1 Setup from the Front Panel
There are 2 additional RS-232 setups that can be done via the front panel.
1. Set the Instrument ID number by SETUP-MORE-COMM-ID, and enter a 4 digit number
from 0000-9999. This ID number is part of every message transmitted from the port.
2. Set the RS-232 mode bit field in the VARS menu. To get to the variable press, SETUP-
MORE-VARS-ENTR and scroll to RS232_MODE, then press EDIT. The possible values
are:
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Table 7-1: RS-232 Port Setup - Front Panel
Decimal Value
Description
1
2
Turns on quiet mode (messages suppressed)
Places analyzer in computer mode (no echo of chars)
Enables Security Features (Logon, Logoff)
Enables RS-232 menus display on M100AH front panel display
Enables alternate protocol (i.e. Hessen) and setup menu
Enables multi-drop support for RTS
4
8
16
32
NOTE
To enter the correct value, ADD the decimal values of the features you want
to enable. For example if LOGON and front panel RS-232 menus were
desires the value entered would be 4 + 8 = 12.
7.1.2 Security Feature
The RS-232 port is often connected to a public telephone line which could compromise
instrument security. If the LOGON feature is implemented the port has the following attributes:
1. A password is required before the port will operate.
2. If the port is inactive for 1 hour, it will automatically LOGOUT.
3. If not logged on, the only command that is active is the '?'. If this command is issued the
M100AH will respond with MUST LOG ON.
4. The following messages will be given at logon.
A. LOG ON SUCCESSFUL - Correct password given
B. LOG ON FAILED - Password not given or incorrect
C. LOG OFF SUCCESSFUL - Logged off
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The RS-232 LOGON feature must be enabled from the front panel by setting bit 4. See
LOGON 940331
940331 is the default password. The password can be changed to any number from 0 to 999999
by the variable RS232_PASS. To change the password enter the command
V RS232_PASS=xxxxxx
which sets the password to the value xxxxxx.
7.1.3 Protocol of Port Communication
The RS-232 interface has two protocols of communication, because if the port is attached to a
computer it needs to have different characteristics than if used interactively. Consequently, there
are two primary styles of operation: terminal mode and computer mode.
When an operator is communicating with the analyzer via a terminal, the analyzer should be
placed into TERMINAL MODE, which echoes keystrokes, allows editing of the command line
using the backspace and escape keys, and allows recall of the previous command. When a host
computer or data logger is connected to the analyzer, it should be placed into COMPUTER
MODE, which does not echo characters received or allow the special editing keys.
Table 7-2: RS-232 Switching From Terminal Mode to Computer Mode
Key
Function
Control-T (ASCII 20 decimal)
Control-C (ASCII 3 decimal)
Switch to terminal mode (echo, edit)
Switch to computer mode (no echo, no edit)
If the command line doesn't seem to respond to keystrokes or commands, one of the first things
you should do is send a Control-T to switch the command line interface into terminal mode.
Also, some communication programs remove CTRL-T and CTRL-C characters from the byte
stream, therefore these characters will not be sent to the analyzer. Check your communications
program owners manual.
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7.1.4 Entering Commands in Terminal Mode
In terminal mode, all commands must be terminated by a carriage return; commands are not
processed until a carriage return is entered. While entering a command you may use the
following editing keys:
Table 7-3: RS-232 Terminal Mode Editing Keys
Key
Function
CR (carriage return)
BS (backspace)
Execute command
Backspace one character to the left
Erase entire line
ESC (escape)
Control-R (ASCII 18 decimal)
Control-E (ASCII 5 decimal)
Recall previous command
Recall and execute previous command
Commands are not case-sensitive; you should separate all command elements (i.e. keywords,
data values, etc.) by spaces.
Words such as T, SET, LIST, etc. are called keywords and are shown on the help screen in
uppercase, but they are not case-sensitive. You must type the entire keyword; abbreviations are
not accepted.
OBTAINING HELP
Typing “?” followed by Return or Enter will cause a
help screen to be displayed.
7-4
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7.2 Command Summary
The information contained in the rest of this section covers all of the normal commands that are
required to operate the instrument from a remote terminal. If you are going to be writing
computer programs to communicate with the M100AH (i.e., operating the port in COMPUTER
MODE) we suggest that you order a supplementary manual "The RS-232 Interface", Teledyne
API part number 01350. This manual shows additional features of the port designed to support a
computer driven interface program.
There are 6 different types of messages output by the M100AH. They are grouped below by type
in Table 7-4, Table 7-5, and Table 7-6. The meanings of the various messages are discussed
elsewhere in the manual. The TEST, DIAGNOSTIC and WARNING messages are discussed in
Table 7-4: RS-232 Interface Command Types
First Character
Message Type
Calibration status
Diagnostic
C
D
R
DAS report
T
Test measurement
Variable
V
W
Warning
7-5
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 7-5: RS-232 Command Summary
Commands
?
Definition
Print help screen
T SET ALL
T SET name
T LIST [ALL]
Enable display of all test variables during T LIST
Display only NAME during T LIST
Print all test variables enabled with T SET or ALL
warnings
T name
Print single test, "name" from Table 7-7
Disable T LIST, use with T SET name
Enable display of all warnings during W LIST
Print warnings enabled with W SET or ALL warnings
Print individual "name" warning from Table 7-8
Disable W LIST, use with W SET
Execute calibration "command" from Table 7-10
Prints all I/O signal values
T CLEAR ALL
W SET ALL
W LIST [ALL]
W name
W CLEAR ALL
C command
D LIST
D name
Prints single I/O signal value/state
Sets variable to new "value"
D name=value
D LIST NAMES
D ENTER name
D EXIT
Lists diagnostic test names
Enters and starts 'name' diagnostic test
Exits diagnostic mode
D RESET
Resets analyzer (same as power-on)
D RESET RAM
System reset, plus erases RAM. Initializes DAS, SO2
concentration readings, calibration not affected.
D RESET EEPROM
System reset, plus erases EEPROM (RAM_RESET
actions + setup variables, calibration to default values)
V LIST
Print all easy variable names from Table 10-5
Print individual "name" variable
Sets variable to new "value"
V name
V name=value
V CONFIG
Print analyzer configuration
7-6
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Table 7-6: RS-232 Command Summary
Terminal Mode Editing Keys
Definition
V MODE
Print current analyzer mode
Backspace
BS
EXC
Erase line
^R
Recall last command
Execute last command
Execute command
Switch to computer mode
Definition
^E
CR
^C
Computer Mode Editing Keys
LF
Execute command
Switch to terminal mode
Definition
^T
Security Features
LOGON password
LOGOFF
Establish connection to analyzer
Disconnect from analyzer
General Output Message Format
Reporting of status messages for use as an audit trail is one of the two principal uses for the RS-
232 interface. You can effectively disable the asynchronous reporting feature by setting the
interface to quiet mode. All messages output from the analyzer (including those output in
response to a command line request) have the format:
X DDD:HH:MM IIII MESSAGE
X is a character indicating the message type, as shown in the following table.
DDD:HH:MM is a time-stamp indicating the day-of-year (DDD) as a number from 1 to 366, the
hour of the day (HH) as a number from 00 to 23, and the minute (MM) as a number from 00 to
59.
IIII is the 4-digit machine ID number.
MESSAGE contains warning messages, test measurements, DAS reports, variable values, etc.
The uniform nature of the output messages makes it easy for a host computer to parse them.
7-7
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
7.3 TEST Commands and Messages
Table 7-7: RS-232 Test Messages
Name
Message
Description
RANGE1
RANGE=xxxxx PPM2
Analyzer range
STABILITY
STABIL=xxxx.x PPM
Std. Deviation of last 25 SO2
concentration values
VACUUM
PRES=xxx.x IN-HG-A
PRES=xxx.x IN-HG-A
Reaction cell pressure
Sample pressure
SAMPPRESS
SAMPFLOW
SAMPLE FL=xxx
CC/M
Sample flow rate
PMTDET
PMT=xxxxxx MV
PMT output
UVDET
UV LAMP=xxxx MV
LAMP RATIO=xx.x%
Instantaneous UV lamp reading
LAMPRATIO
Ratio of UV lamp reading to calibrated
UV lamp reading
STRAYLIGHT
DARKPMT
DARKLAMP
SLOPE
STR LGT=xxx.x PPM
DRK PMT=xx.x MV
DRK LMP=xx.x MV
SLOPE=x.xxx
Stray light level
PMT dark current in MV
UV detector dark current in MV
Calibration slope parameter
Calibration offset parameter
High voltage power supply
DC power supply
OFFSET
OFFSET=xxx.x MV
HVPS=xxxxx V
HVPS
DCPS
DCPS=xxxxxx MV
RCELL TEMP=xxx C
BOX TEMP=xxx C
PMT TEMP=xxx C
SO2=xxxx.x
RCELLTEMP
BOXTEMP
PMTTEMP
SO2
Reaction cell temperature
Internal box temperature
PMT temperature
SO2 concentration
TESTCHAN3
TEST=xxxx.x MV
Test channel output
CLOCKTIME
TIME=HH:MM:SS
Time of day
1Displayed when single or autorange is enabled.
2Depends on which units are currently selected.
3Only if test channel is selected.
7-8
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The T command lists TEST messages. Examples of the T command are:
T LIST
Lists test messages currently enabled with T SET
Lists all test messages
T LIST ALL
T RCELLTEMP
T SO2CONC
T LAMPRATIO
Prints the temperature of the reaction cell
Prints SO2 concentration message
Prints Lamp Ratio
7.4 WARNING Commands and Messages
Table 7-8: RS-232 Warning Messages
Name
Message
Description
WSYSRES
SYSTEM RESET
RAM INITIALIZED
SAMPLE FLOW WARNING
Analyzer was reset/powered on
RAM was erased
WRAMINIT
WSAMPFLOW
WSAMPPRESS
Sample flow out of spec.
SAMPLE PRESSURE
WARNING
Sample pressure below 15” Hg or
above 35” Hg
WVACPRESS
VACUUM PRESSURE
WARNING
Vacuum pressure below 1 in-Hg or
above 10 in-Hg.
WPMT
PMT DET WARNING
UV LAMP WARNING
PMT output above 4995 mV.
WUVLAMP
UV lamp output is below 600 mV or
above 4995 mV
WDARKCAL
DARK CAL WARNING
Dark PMT OR Dark UV lamp is
above 400 mV
WPMTTEMP
WRCELLTEMP
WBOXTEMP
WDYNZERO
WDYNSPAN
WHVPS
PMT TEMP WARNING
RCELL TEMP WARNING
BOX TEMP WARNING
CANNOT DYN ZERO
CANNOT DYN SPAN
HVPS WARNING
PMT temperature too high/low
Reaction cell temp. out of spec.
Box temperature too high/low
Dynamic zero cal. out of spec.
Dynamic span cal. out of spec.
HVPS too high/low
WVFDET
V/F NOT INSTALLED
DCPS WARNING
A/D board not installed or broken
WDCPS
DC power supply output below
2300 mV or above 2700 mV
7-9
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Whenever a warning message is reported on the analyzer display, if the RS-232 interface is in
the normal mode (i.e. not in quiet mode) the warning message is also sent to the RS-232
interface. These messages are helpful when trying to track down a problem with the analyzer and
for determining whether or not the DAS reports are actually valid. The warning message format
is for example:
W 194:11:03 0000 SAMPLE FLOW WARNING
The format of a warning command is W command. Examples of warning commands are:
W LIST
List all current warnings
Clear all current Warnings
W CLEAR ALL
Individual warnings may be cleared via the front panel or the command line interface. To clear
the sample flow warning shown above the command would be:
W WSAMPFLOW
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7.5 CALIBRATION Commands and Messages
Table 7-9: RS-232 Calibration Messages
Message
Description
START ZERO CALIBRATION
FINISH ZERO CALIBRATION, SO21=xxxxx PPM
Beginning IZS zero calibration
Finished IZS zero calibration
Beginning IZS span calibration
Finished IZS span calibration
Beginning multi-point calibration
Finished multi-point calibration
START SPAN CALIBRATION
FINISH SPAN CALIBRATION, SO21=xxxxx PPM
START MULTI-POINT CALIBRATION
FINISH MULTI-POINT CALIBRATION
1Depends on which units are currently selected.
Whenever the analyzer starts or finishes an Zero/Span calibration, it issues a status report to the
RS-232 interface. If the RS-232 interface is in the normal mode, these reports will be sent.
Otherwise, they will be discarded. The format of these messages is:
C DDD:HH:MM IIII CALIBRATION STATUS MESSAGE
An example of an actual sequence of calibration status messages is:
C DDD:HH:MM IIII START MULTI-POINT CALIBRATION
C DDD:HH:MM IIII FINISH MULTI-POINT CALIBRATION
There are several methods of both checking the calibration and calibrating the M100AH that are
discussed in Section 8. The C command executes a calibration command, which may be one of
the following:
7-11
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 7-10: RS-232 Calibration Commands
Command
Description
C ZERO
Start remote zero calibration
Start remote span calibration
Start remote low span calibration
Adjust remote zero calibration
Adjust remote span calibration
Terminate remote zero or span calibration
Abort calibration sequence
C SPAN
C LOWSPAN
C COMPUTE ZERO
C COMPUTE SPAN
C EXIT
C ABORT
C ASEQ X
Initiate automatic sequence X if previously setup
7-12
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
7.6 DIAGNOSTIC Commands and Messages
When Diagnostic mode is entered from the RS-232 port, the diagnostic mode issues additional
status messages to indicate which diagnostic test is currently selected. Examples of Diagnostic
mode messages are:
D DDD:HH:MM IIII ZERO VALVE=ON
D DDD:HH:MM IIII ENTER DIAGNOSTIC MODE
D DDD:HH:MM IIII EXIT DIAGNOSTIC MODE
The following is a summary of the Diagnostic commands.
Table 7-11: RS-232 Diagnostic Command Summary
Command
Description
D LIST
definitions.
D name=value
Examines or sets I/O signal. For a list of signal names see
before using this command.
D LIST NAMES
D ENTER SIG
D ENTER OT
D ENTER ET
Prints names of all diagnostic tests.
Executes SIGNAL I/O diagnostic test.
Executes Optic Test diagnostic test.
Executes Elect Test diagnostic test.
D ENTER TASK
Displays a listing of the tasks and their status.
Use D EXIT to leave these diagnostic modes.
Must use this command to exit SIG, ET or OT Diagnostic modes.
Resets analyzer software (same as power on).
D EXIT
D RESET
D RESET RAM
Resets analyzer software and erases RAM. Erases SO2
concentration values. Keeps setup variables and calibration.
(same as installing new software version)
D RESET EEPROM
Resets analyzer software and erases RAM and EEPROM. Returns
all setup variables to factory defaults, resets calibration value.
7-13
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
7.7 DAS Commands and Reports
RS-232 Commands
In addition to accessing the data acquisition system and the stored data from the instrument front
panel, you can also access the data acquisition and the stored data from the RS-232 interface.
There are two RS-232 commands, listed in the table below.
Table 7-12: RS-232 DAS Commands
RS-232 DAS Commands
Command
Description
D [id] PRINT [“name”]
Prints specified data channel’s
properties
D [id] REPORT “name”
[RECORDS=number]
[COMPACT|VERBOSE]
Prints the data for the specified data
channel
In all of the commands, brackets ([ ]) denote optional parameters. The ID parameter is the
instrument ID, useful when the multi-drop protocol is being used. The NAME parameter is the
data channel’s name. It must be enclosed in quotes (i.e. D PRINT “CONC”).
The RECORDS parameter of the REPORT command indicates how many records from the most
recent record and prior to print. If the RECORDS parameter is not specified, all of the records
are printed. The COMPACT and VERBOSE parameters of the REPORT command specify the
report format.
RS-232 Reports
There are two basic kinds of RS-232 reports: data channel summary report, and data reports.
Data Channel Summary Format
When you press the PRNT button in the data channel edit menu, a report like the following is
printed on the RS-232 channel:
7-14
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
SETUP PROPERTIES FOR CONC:
NAME:
CONC
EVENT:
ATIMER
25-JUL-96
000:00:01
000:00:05
STARTING DATE:
SAMPLE PERIOD:
REPORT PERIOD:
NUMBER OF RECORDS: 800
RS-232 REPORT:
ON
OFF
ON
ON
1
COMPACT REPORT:
CHANNEL ENABLED:
CAL. HOLD OFF:
PARAMETERS:
PARAMETER=CONC1, MODE=AVG, PRECISION=1
In this example, the data channel’s NAME property is “CONC”; the EVENT property is
ATIMER; the PARAMETERS property is 1 (indicating a single parameter); the NUMBER OF
RECORDS property is 800, and the RS-232 REPORT property is ON. The list of parameters and
their properties is also printed. Each data channel stores its data in a separate file in the RAM
disk, and this property shows the file name.
Data Report Format
A data report format looks like the following:
D 31:10:06 0412 CONC : AVG CONC1=6.8 PPM
This report uses the traditional TELEDYNE API format of a leading first character (“D” in this
example), a time stamp (“31:10:06”), and the instrument ID (“0412”). The other fields in the
report are the data channel name (“CONC”), the sampling mode (“AVG”), the parameter
(“CONC1”), the parameter value (“6.8”), and the units (“PPM”).
If the RS-232 interface is in the quiet mode, then these reports are not printed, although they can
be requested by a user or host computer at a later time.
7-15
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7.8 VARIABLES Commands and Messages
Table 7-13: RS-232 Operating Modes
Mode
Description
ZERO CAL A
ZERO CAL R
ZERO CAL M
SPAN CAL A
SPAN CAL R
SPAN CAL M
M-P CAL
Automatic zero calibration
Remote zero calibration
Manual zero calibration
Automatic span calibration
Remote span calibration
Manual span calibration
Manual multi-point calibration
Electrical diagnostic test
Optical diagnostic test
DIAG ELEC
DIAG OPTIC
DIAG AOUT
DIAG
D/A output diagnostic test
Main diagnostic menu
DIAG I/O
Signal I/O diagnostic
DIAG RS232
DIAG ERASE
SETUP x.x
SAMPLE A
SAMPLE
RS232 output diagnostic
Memory erase diagnostic
Setup mode (x.x is software version)
Sampling; automatic cal. Enabled
Sampling; automatic cal. Disabled
The M100AH operational modes are listed above. To list the analyzer's current mode type:
V MODE Lists M100AH current operational mode
Model 100AH Internal Variables
The M100AH has a number of internal setup variables. Essentially all of these are set at time of
manufacture and should not need to be changed in the field. A list of user accessible variables is
A list of variables and their settings can be requested over the RS-232 port by:
V LIST
Lists internal variables and values
7-16
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The output from this command is quite long and will not be shown here. The general format of
the output is:
name = value warning_lo warning_hi <data_lo> <data_hi>
Where:
name
= name of the variable
value
= current value of variable
warning_lo
warning_hi
data_lo
data_hi
= lower limit warning (displayed if applicable)
= upper limit warning (displayed if applicable)
= lower limit of allowable values
= upper limit of allowable values
Variables can be changed. Before changing the settings on any variables, make sure you
understand the consequences of the change. We recommend you call the factory before changing
the settings on any variables. The general format for changing the settings on a variable is:
V LIST name[=value [warn_lo [warn_hi]]]
For example to change the warning limits on the box temperature type:
V BOX_SET 30 10 50
and the CPU should respond with:
V DDD:HH:MM IIII BOX_SET=30 10 50(0-60)
The CONFIG command lists the software configuration.
For example:
V CONFIG
list software configuration
The format of this listing is shown in the example below.
CONFIG[ 0] = Revision B.1
CONFIG[ 1] = SO2 Analyzer
CONFIG[ 2] = SBC40 CPU
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INTENTIONALLY BLANK
7-18
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
8 CALIBRATION AND ZERO/SPAN CHECKS
There are several ways to check and adjust the calibration of the M100AH. These different
Table 8-1: Types of Zero/Span Checks and Calibrations
Section
Type of Cal or Check
Description
Manual Z/S Check - Cal
gas through sample port
This calibration option expects the calibration gas
to come in through the sample port. Zero/Span
valves do not operate.
Manual Z/S Check or
Calibration with Z/S valve
Option
How to operate Zero/Span Valve Option.
Can be used to check or adjust calibration.
Automatic Z/S Check
with Z/S Valves
Operates Z/S valves once per day to check the
calibration.
Dynamic Z/S Calibration
with Z/S Valves
Operates Z/S valves once per day and adjusts the
calibration.
Use of Z/S Valve with
Remote Contact Closure
Operates Z/S valves with rear panel contact
closures. Without valves can be used to switch
instrument into zero or span cal mode. Used for
either checking or adjusting zero/span.
Special calibration
requirements for Dual
Range or Auto Range
Covers special requirements if using Dual Range
or Auto Range.
Calibration Quality
Calibration gases
Information on how to determine if the
calibration performed will result in optimum
instrument performance.
Recommendation for selecting calibration gases.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
8.1 Manual Zero/Span Check or Calibration Through the
Sample Port
The zero and span calibration of the instrument can be checked or adjusted using gases supplied
through the normal sample port. This method is often used when the calibration gas is supplied
from an external calibrator system.
This mode provides a calibration mechanism if the instrument is purchased without the
Zero/Span Valve option.
Since the zero gas concentration is defined as 0 PPM, it is not necessary to enter the expected
sample port.
Table 8-2: Manual Zero Calibration Procedure - Zero Gas Through Sample Port
Step Number
Action
Comment
1.
Press CAL
The M100AH enters the calibrate mode from sample mode.
The zero gas must come in through the sample port. If
AutoRange is enabled, then select LO or HI range and press
ENTR.
2.
3.
Wait 10 min
Press ZERO
Wait for reading to stabilize at zero value
If you change your mind after pressing ZERO, you can still
press EXIT here without zeroing the instrument.
4.
5.
Press ENTR
Press EXIT
Pressing ENTR actually changes the calculation equations.
M100AH returns to sampling. Immediately after calibration,
data is not added to the DAS averages.
If the instrument will be used on more than one range such as AUTO RANGE or DUAL
calibration procedure).
8-3
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Enter the expected SO2 span gas concentration:
Table 8-3: Enter Expected Span Gas Concentration Procedure
Step Number
Action
Comment
1.
Press
CAL-CONC
This key sequence causes the M100AH to prompt for the
expected SO2 concentration. Enter the SO2 span
concentration value by pressing the key under each digit
until the expected value is set. This menu can also be entered
from CALS.
2.
4.
Press ENTR
Press EXIT
ENTR stores the expected SO2 span value.
Returns instrument to SAMPLE mode.
Table 8-4: Manual Span Calibration Procedure - Span Gas Through Sample Port
Step Number
Action
Comment
1.
Press CAL
The M100AH enters the calibrate mode. External span gas
should be fed to the sample port. If AutoRange is enabled,
then select LO or HI range and press ENTR.
2.
3.
Wait 10 min
Press SPAN
Wait for reading to stabilize at span value.
If you change your mind after pressing SPAN, you can still
press EXIT here without spanning the instrument.
4.
5.
Press ENTR
Press EXIT
Pressing ENTR actually changes the calibration equations
and causes the instrument to read the SO2 span
concentrations.
M100AH returns to sampling. Immediately after calibration,
data is not added to the DAS averages.
8-4
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
8.2 Manual Zero/Span Check or Calibration with
Zero/Span Valves Option
The Zero/Span valve option can be operated from the front panel keyboard. In the Zero/Span valve
option the zero and span gas comes into the valves through ports on the rear panel of the instrument.
Table 8-5: Manual Zero Calibration Procedure - Z/S Valves
Step Number
Action
Comment
1.
Press CALZ
The analyzer enters the zero calibrate mode. This switches
the zero valve to allow zero gas to come in through the zero
gas inlet port on the rear panel. If AutoRange is enabled,
then select LO or HI range and press ENTR.
2.
3.
Wait 10 min
Press ZERO
Wait for reading to stabilize at zero value.
If you change your mind after pressing ZERO, you can still
press EXIT here without zeroing the instrument.
4.
5.
Press ENTR
Press EXIT
Pressing ENTR actually changes the calculation equations,
forcing the reading to zero.
M100AH returns to sample mode. Immediately after
calibration, readings do not go into the DAS averages.
Table 8-6: Manual Span Calibration Procedure - Z/S Valves
Step Number
Action
Comment
1.
Press CALS
The M100AH enters the calibrate mode from sample mode.
This operates the sample/cal and zero/span valves to allow
span gas to come in through the cal gas inlet port or the rear
panel. If AutoRange is enabled, then select LO or HI range
and press ENTR.
2.
3.
Wait 10 min
Press SPAN
Wait for reading to stabilize at span value.
If you change your mind after pressing SPAN, you can still
press EXIT here without spanning the instrument.
4.
5.
Press ENTR
Press EXIT
Pressing ENTR actually changes the calculation equations.
M100AH returns to sampling. After calibration, data is not
added to the DAS averages during HOLDOFF period.
8-5
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
8.3 Automatic Zero/Span Check
M100AH can automatically check (AUTOCAL) its calibration each day. If provided with the
proper option, the M100AH provides this capability by using the time of day clock to signal the
computer system to check operations. When enabled, the instrument software will automatically
check zero and span (AUTOCAL) on a timed basis. Optionally, the Z/S cycle can be moved
backwards or forwards a fixed time each day (to avoid missing measurements at the same time
each day).
8.4 Dynamic Zero/Span Calibration
The AUTOCAL system described above can also optionally be used to calibrate the instrument
on a timed basis. The automatic calibration is enabled by setting CALIBRATE button to ON
Zero and/or Dynamic Span should be enabled. With Dynamic calibration turned on, the
instrument will re-set the slope and offset values for the SO2 concentration. To set DYN_ZERO
or DYN_SPAN, press SETUP-MORE-VARS-ENTR and press NEXT repeatedly until
DYN_ZERO is shown. Press EDIT and toggle OFF (disabled) or ON (enabled).
This continual re-adjustment of calibration parameters can often mask subtle fault conditions in
the analyzer. It is recommended that if Dynamic Calibration (especially Dynamic Span) is
enabled, the TEST functions, and SLOPE and OFFSET values in the M100AH should be
checked frequently to assure high quality and accurate data from the instrument.
8.5 Use of Zero/Span Valves with Remote Contact Closure
The Zero/Span valve option can be operated using Remote Contact Closures provided on the rear
panel. See Figure 2-2 for connector location and pinout. When the contacts are closed, the
analyzer will switch to zero or span mode. The contacts must remain closed for at least 1 second,
and the analyzer will remain in zero or span mode as long as the contacts are closed. If either
of the zero or span time, otherwise zero or span is just checked, not adjusted. To set
DYN_ZERO or DYN_SPAN, press SETUP-MORE-VARS-ENTR and press NEXT repeatedly
until DYN_ZERO is shown. Press EDIT and toggle OFF (disabled) or ON (enabled).
The CPU monitors these contact closures and will switch the analyzer into zero or span mode
when the contacts are closed for at least 1 second.
In order to do another remote check, both contact closures should be held open for at least 1
settings of the contact closures.
8-6
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Table 8-7: Z/S Valves Mode with Remote Contact Closure
Ext Zero CC
Ext Low Span CC
Ext High Span CC
Operation
Contact Open
Contact Open
Contact Open
State when in SAMPLE
mode, normal sample
monitoring.
Contact Open
Contact Closed
Contact Open
Low Span check or
calibrate*
Contact Closed
Contact open
Contact Open
Contact Open
Contact Open
Zero check or calibrate*
Contact Closed
High Span check or
calibrate*
*Calibrate only if Dynamic Calibration is enabled (see Table 10-5).
8.6 Special Calibration Requirements for Dual Range or
Auto Range
If Dual Range or Auto Range is selected, then it should be calibrated for both Low Range
(Range1) and High Range (Range2) separately. Pressing CAL key will prompt Low Range and
High Range keys for Range1 (Low Range) or Range2 (Hi Range) calibration selection. Select
desired range number and press ENTR to proceed to the calibration. Once desired range is
selected, the display will show Test Measurements and SO2 concentration for the corresponding
range. You must enter expected SO2 gas concentrations separately per Table 8-3 procedure for
each range.
For zero calibration allow zero gas through the sample port and proceed to manual zero
calibration procedure per Table 8-2, step 2 through step 4. After zero calibration is set, switch to
span SO2 gas to continue for span calibration procedure per Table 8-4 step 2 through step 4.
Press EXIT to exit from the current Range.
Repeat the above procedure for the other Range by pressing CAL key and selecting the Range as
described above. Enter once again corresponding SO2 gas concentration for selected Range and
continue zero/span calibration for the other Range selected.
M100AH with Zero/Span Valves option can be used to calibrate zero/span of the desired Range.
Pressing CALZ (for zero) or CALS (for span) keys will lead to show Low Range and High
Range the same way as CAL key except CALZ is dedicated for zero air calibration while CALS
is dedicated for span gas calibration.
8-7
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
8.7 Calibration Quality
After Zero/Span is complete, it is very important to check the QUALITY of the calibration. The
calibration of the M100AH involves balancing several sections of electronics and software to
achieve an optimum balance of accuracy, noise, linearity and dynamic range.
The following procedure compares the Slope and Offset parameters in the equation used to
compute the SO2 concentration.
The slope and offset parameters are similar to the span and zero pots on an analog instrument.
Just as in the analog instrument, if the slope or offset gets outside of a certain range, the
instrument will not perform as well.
The offset value gives information about the background signal level. Check the observed offset
Increasing readings are a predictor of problems.
Table 8-8: Calibration Quality Check
Step
Number
Action
Comment
1.
Scroll the TEST
function menu until the
SLOPE is displayed.
Typical SLOPE value for SO2 is 1.0 ± 0.3. If the value is
is in the acceptable range the instrument will perform
optimally.
2.
Scroll the TEST
function menu until the
OFFSET is displayed.
Typical number is less than 200mV which is mainly the
optical system background. If the OFFSET value is outside
After the above procedure is complete, the M100AH is ready to measure sample gas.
8-8
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
8.8 Calibration Gases
The following are recommended for selecting calibration gas:
1. Concentration of span gas should be about 80% of the full scale range if direct cylinder span
gas is used without dilution. Also select reasonable range to operate for optimum instrument
performance such as linearity , noise, etc. For example, if the typical sample concentration is
about 300 PPM and the maximum peak concentration is about 800 PPM, then set the range to
1000 PPM and calibrate with 800 PPM of SO2 gas. If the sample concentration is very low,
2. Cylinder source SO2 gas should be balanced in nitrogen and diluted with nitrogen (ultrazero
grade). If diluted with dry zero air instead of nitrogen, it must be free of NO gas or other
contaminants.
3. Do not use blended gas of SO2 and NO gas mixture in nitrogen. NO gas in nitrogen
interfere with the M100AH fluorescence SO2 measurement. If the sample gas contains about
10% of CO2, then the interference from the NO gas will be reduced significantly. M100AH is
designed with special optical filter that rejects NO interference greater than 100 to 1 ratio.
Therefore with the special optical filter and mixture of CO2 gas in the sample will result very
low NO gas interference.
8-9
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INTENTIONALLY BLANK
8-10
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
9 MAINTENANCE
NOTE
The operations outlined in this chapter are to be
performed by qualified maintenance personnel only.
9.1 Maintenance Schedule
Table 9-1: Preventative Maintenance Schedule
Item
Maintenance Interval
Check every month
Weekly or as needed
Daily or a needed
Reference Section
TEST functions
Zero/Span Calibration
Zero/Span checks
Particulate Filter
Pump charcoal scrubber
Reaction cell cleaning
Sample Flow
Weekly as needed
Refill every 3 months
Clean annually or as necessary
Check every 6 months
Pneumatic Lines
Examine every 12 months,
clean if necessary
Factory Calibration
Leak Check
Calibrate each year or after
repairs
Check every 6 months
9-1
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
9.2 Replacing the Sample Particulate Filter
The particulate filter should be inspected often for signs of plugging or contamination. It is also
common for dirt particles to absorb SO2, thus causing those readings to be lower than the actual
value. A very dirty filter can cause serious monitoring problem such as very slow and low
response, inability to span, and contamination of the analyzer. The particulate filter should be
changed at a minimum every 2 weeks. If the instrument is operated under high dust environment,
the particulate filter should be replaced more frequently.
To check and change the filter (refer to Figure 9-1):
1. Locate the filter on the rear panel of the analyzer, unscrew the hold-down ring and visually
inspect the filter.
2. If the filter appears dirty, remove the o-ring and then the filter.
3. Replace the filter, being careful that the element is fully seated in the bottom of the holder.
Replace the o-ring, then screw on the hold-down ring and hand tighten.
9-2
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
9.3 Replacing the Pump Scrubber
The entire cartridge can be replaced, or just the charcoal inside of the cartridge. To replace the
scrubber materials:
1. Disconnect the scrubber from the clip of bracket and remove the fitting that holds the DFU
filter. While removing the cartridge, check the DFU filter for contamination and dirt. Replace
it if necessary.
2. Unscrew the top, remove the felt pad and empty the contents.
3. Inspect the upper and lower felt pads for signs of plugging, replace if necessary.
4. Replace with charcoal.
5. Re-install the felt pad and re-tighten the cap. Make sure the o-ring in the cap is in good shape
and squarely seated.
6. Leak check the assembly, then re-attach scrubber to fitting and clip on the bracket.
9.4 Cleaning Orifice and Orifice Filter
The sample flow across the internal pneumatic system is fixed by the critical flow control orifice and
has no adjustment.
1. Turn off the instrument power.
2. Remove the elbow fitting toward rear panel only from the flow control module.
3. With a toothpick or paper clip, remove the spring, filter, o-ring , orifice, and the o-ring from
each port.
4. Discard the filter.
5. Check the orifice by looking at it toward a light to see that the orifice itself is open. If it is
not open, try cleaning the orifice with a strand of fine wire or immersing in a solvent such as
methyl alcohol, or both.
6. If the orifice will not open, replace it.
7. Replace o-rings if they are deformed or suspected not to seat properly.
8. To replace the orifice, start with the o-ring, then orifice (jeweled end faces upstream), o-ring,
filter, and finally spring.
9. Retape the fittings with TFE tape, install and tighten.
10. Leak check.
9-4
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
9.5 Cleaning the Reaction Cell
The reaction cell should be cleaned whenever troubleshooting points to it as the cause of the
trouble (refer Figure 9-2). A dirty cell will cause excessive noise, unstable span or zero, high
stray light, or slow response.
Use the following guide:
1. Turn off the instrument power.
2. Remove the three screws at the sensor shock absorber mounts.
3. Tilt the sensor up to provide access to the reaction cell cover.
4. Remove the cover carefully to avoid thermal silicon contamination on the o-ring and the cell.
5. Wipe out the reaction cell with a de-ionized water wetted lintless wipe. Dry with another
lintless wipe.
6. Be sure that all lint particles are removed, particularly from the UV lens and PMT filter.
7. Install the cell cover.
8. Install the shock absorber mount screws.
9.6 Pneumatic Line Inspection
Particulate matter and contamination in the pneumatic lines will affect the response of the
analyzer. It is important that the pneumatic system be periodically inspected and thoroughly
cleaned if necessary. Clean by disassembling and passing methanol through three times. Dry
with nitrogen or suitable clean zero air.
Also inspect all pneumatic lines for cracks and abrasion on a regular basis. Replace as necessary.
Refer to the pneumatic diagram in Figure 9-3.
9-5
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
9.7 Leak Check Procedure
There are two methods of leak checking. The vacuum method is the simplest but it does not show
the location of a leak. This vacuum method described below is the general method when a Leak
Checker is not readily available. The other method is the pressure method. This can be used to find
the exact location of a leak by using bubble solution.
NOTE
Do not use a bubble solution during vacuum method as the
solution may enter and contaminate the cell.
Vacuum method (general check):
1. Cap the sample inlet port.
2. Set the TEST function to VACUUM pressure. Wait for stable reading and record the reading.
3. Unplug the power cord of the pump.
4. Observe the VACUUM pressure reading for about 30 seconds. It should be close (±0.2 in-
Hg) to the previous reading in step 2 if the pneumatic system including the pump is leak free.
The above method is a general method to check the pneumatic system when a leak checker is not
available. The above test checks the sensor pneumatic leak including the pump and therefore the
pump must be in good condition to hold the vacuum pressure. Perform the above test only when
a leak checker is not available.
If a Leak Checker is readily available, then use it in place of the pump to pull the vacuum. After
step 1 of above, pull the vacuum for about 20 in-Hg and close the shut off valve of the leak
checker and turn off the pump. If the pressure changes more than 1 in-Hg within 5 minutes, there
is a leak. It is not possible by the vacuum method to tell where the leak is located. See the
pressure method below to locate the leak.
9-8
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Pressure method:
pneumatic diagram.)
2. Pressurize the system and adjust the needle valve such that the gauge pressure does not
exceed 15 PSIG.
3. Apply bubble solution to all the seals, interfaces and fittings to locate the leak.
4. Tighten the seal or fitting until the leak stops.
5. Lastly, drop off any accumulated bubble solution from the sensor assembly.
6. Verify leak by pressurizing the pneumatic system and close the shut-off valve. Turn off the
pump power. If the gauge pressure drops more than 1 in-Hg within 5 minutes, then repeat
steps 2 through 5 until the leak stops.
9.8 Light Leak Check Procedure
1. Scroll the TEST functions to PMT.
2. Input zero gas.
3. Shine a powerful flashlight or portable incandescent light at the inlet and outlet fitting, and at
all the joints of the reaction cell. The PMT value should not respond to the light.
If there is a response, tighten the joints or replace the tubing with new black PTFE tubing.
9-9
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
9.9 EPROM Replacement Procedure
1. Turn the instrument power off.
2. Remove the hold down screw that holds in the V/F-CPU assembly to the motherboard.
Disconnect the J9 power connector from the motherboard. Gently lift the assembly far
enough out of the instrument to remove the connector from the display and the RS-232
connector.
3. The CPU board is attached to the larger V/F board.
4. Remove the board, laying it down on an insulating surface such that the board edge pins on
the PCB are on the left. The EPROM chip should be at the top center. The current chip
should be labeled with something like "M100AH B.1 - - -". See Figure 10-1 for location of
prom on CPU card. Gently pry the chip from its socket and replace it carefully with the new
chip. Install the chip in the left end of the socket with the notch facing to the right. Make sure
that all of the legs insert into the socket correctly.
5. Re-attach the CPU board to the V/F board, and re-attach the assembly to the motherboard.
6. Turn the M100AH ON and observe the front panel display. As the machine goes through the
setup the version number will be displayed on the front panel. It should read the same as the
version number printed on the prom.
7. All setup variables are stored in the E2PROM and should not be affected while changing
EPROM. Check all settings to make sure that expected setup parameters are present.
8. Re-calibrate the machine so that the default slope and offset are entered.
9-10
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10 DIAGNOSTIC, TROUBLESHOOTING
NOTE
The operations outlined in this chapter are to be
performed by qualified maintenance personnel only.
This section of the manual contains information on diagnosing and corrective action procedure
for the instrument performance problems. It contains information on how to use and interpret
TEST and DIAGNOSTIC data as well as WARNING messages the instrument generates. There
is information on how to troubleshoot the instrument subsystems. Finally there is information to
perform adjustments such as DAC calibration procedures.
This manual provides troubleshooting procedures that address problems to the board level. For
component level troubleshooting, consult the schematics for the appropriate board in
Appendix A.1.
NOTE
The values of the readings shown on the front panel of the instrument
may at times read XXXXXX. This means that the reading is off
scale and therefore meaningless.
General Troubleshooting Hints
Think of the analyzer as three sections to isolate the cause of the problems:
Section 1 - Pneumatics - Over 50% of all analyzer problems are traced to leaks in the pump,
sample filter, instrument internal pneumatics, calibrator or external sample handling equipment.
Section 2 - Electronics - data processing section. This can be readily checked out using Electric
Section 3 - Optics - Optical section consisting of PMT, HVPS, Preamp, and signal processing.
10-1
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Check the TEST functions:
important clues as to the problem.
2. Check for the sign of the drift, particularly the slope and offset readings:
The slopes are the software equivalent of the span pot on an analog instrument. If the slopes
are not 1.0 ± 0.2, the gain has changed, usually from:
A. Possible causes for the drift or change of the slope are:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
PMT HVPS change
Incorrect span gas concentration
Pneumatic leak such as sample filter, pneumatic lines, reaction cell, etc.
UV Lamp output change
Reaction cell pressure change
B. Possible causes for the drift or change of offset are:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Pneumatic leak
Light leak
UV filter damaged
Incorrect zero gas
3.
4.
Incorrect span gas concentration - this could come either from the calibrator or entering
If the instrument does not respond to span gas, check Section 10.2.3.
The above should get you started in diagnosing and troubleshooting the most common faults. If
these reasons have been eliminated, the next thing to do is a Factory Calibration covered in Section
department. The 800 telephone number is on the cover page of this manual.
10-2
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.1 Operation Verification - M100AH Diagnostic
Techniques
10.1.1 Fault Diagnosis with TEST Variables
The Table 10-1 indicates possible fault conditions that could cause the TEST functions to be
outside the acceptable range.
Table 10-1: Test Functions
Test Function Factory Set-Up
RANGE 500 PPM
Comment
This is the Range of the instrument. In standard configuration
all 2 outputs have the same range.
Dual range option allows different ranges for each output.
When enabled, there will be 2 range values displayed (low
range and high range).
Auto range option allows 2 different ranges for each channel,
and will automatically switch to the other range dynamically
as concentration values require. The TEST values will show
the range in which the instrument is currently operating, and
will dynamically display the alternate range as the range
changes occur.
STABIL
The instrument stability is computed for 25 samples with 10
seconds default interval time. The stability value should be
compared to the value observed in the factory check-out.
During normal sampling, this value will be changing
depending on the sample concentration variation.
Faults that cause high stability values are:
1. Pneumatic leak
2. Low (below 600 mV) or very unstable UV lamp output
3. Light leak
4. Faulty HVPS
5. Defective Preamp board (02107)
6. Aging detectors
7. PMT recently exposed to room light
8. Dirty/contaminated reaction cell
(table continued)
10-3
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-1: Test Functions (Continued)
Test Function Factory Set-Up
Comment
VACUUM
Check value in
Final Test
Values
Reaction cell pressure is measured to monitor sample pressure
and to compensate any sample pressure variation.
Faults are caused due to:
1. Pump not able to pull the vacuum
2. Faulty pressure sensor
3. Sample line flow restriction
4. Faulty orifice assembly
PRES
Check value in
Final Test
Values
Inlet sample pressure is typically 1 In-Hg lower than the
ambient pressure due to the internal pressure drop.
Faults are caused due to:
1. Inlet pressure too high
2. Faulty pressure sensor
3. Sample line flow restriction
SAMP FL
This is the instrument flow. It is computed value from the
upstream and downstream of the orifice. Incorrect flow can be
caused by the plugged orifice, pneumatic leak, or the flow
meter itself. If the orifice is plugged, computed value could
give a false flow indication.
650 cc/min ±65
- A rapid method of determining if the orifice is plugged is to
disconnect the sample inlet from the filter assembly cell, then
briefly put your finger over the fittings on the filter. You
should feel the vacuum build up.
- Another reliable method is to attach a rotameter or soap
bubble flowmeter to the sample filter inlet fitting to measure
the flows.
Flow rate will change ± a few cc/min due to changes in
sample pressure. Changing altitude changes the ambient air
pressure and therefore the sample flowrate. See
(table continued)
10-4
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-1: Test Functions (Continued)
Test Function Factory Set-Up
Comment
PMT
0 - 5000 mV
This is the instantaneous output of the PMT.
The PMT voltage values will be relatively constant when:
1. Electric test - variation in the 2000 mV signal observed will
be noise of the V/F board and preamp noise. See Section
2. Optic test - variation in the 400 mV signal will be PMT
dark current, preamp, HVPS, and electronic. See Section
3. Sampling zero gas.
4. Sampling stable SO2 span gas.
When sampling zero gas the PMT reading should be less than
50 mV and relatively constant.
High or noisy readings could be due to:
1. Pneumatic leak.
2. Excessive background light which is caused by a possible
aging UV filter.
3. Low UV lamp output.
4. PMT recently exposed to room light. It takes 24-48 hours
for the PMT to adapt to dim light.
5. Light leak in reaction cell.
6. Reaction cell contaminated.
7. Vacuum pressure reading not stable.
8. HVPS not stable.
(table continued)
10-5
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-1: Test Functions (Continued)
Test Function Factory Set-Up
UV LAMP 3000 - 4000 mV
Comment
This is the instantaneous reading of the UV lamp intensity.
Typical UV lamp intensity is between 2000 mV and
output. Intensity lower than 600 mV will cause WARNING
and below 350 mV will cause to display XXXXX.X.
Low UV lamp intensity could be due to:
1. Aging UV lamp.
2. Beam splitter out of alignment.
3. Faulty lamp transformer.
4. Aging or faulty UV detector.
5. Dirty optical components.
LAMP RATIO 80 - 120%
This is the computed value which is the ratio of current UV
LAMP reading respect to the calibrated UV LAMP reading.
Usually the ratio value drops as the aging lamp output decays.
Low LAMP RATIO can cause the slope and offset out of
typical range.
See Section 10.4.2 how to reset the lamp calibration and
LAMP RATIO.
STR LGT
<50 PPM
Stray light is the background light of the reaction cell
expressed in PPM while sampling zero gas.
High stray light could be caused by :
1. Aging UV filter.
2. Contaminated reaction cell.
3. Light leak.
4. Pneumatic leak.
DRK PMT
This is the reading of the PMT signal without the UV lamp.
When the lamp is momentarily turned off, the darkness inside
of the reaction cell is monitored and compensated for any UV
detector dark current drift or offset.
-50 ± 200 mV
High dark PMT reading could be due to:
1. Light leak.
2. Lamp not turning off completely.
3. High PMT temperature.
4. High electronic offset.
(table continued)
10-6
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-1: Test Functions (Continued)
Test Function Factory Set-Up
Comment
DRK LMP
This is the reading of the UV reference detector without the
UV lamp. When the is momentarily turned off, UV detector
signal is the dark current of the detector itself. The dark
current is monitored and compensated for any UV detector
dark current drift or offset.
-50 ± 200 mV
High dark UV detector could be caused by:
1. Lamp not turning off completely.
2. High electronic offset.
SLOPE
The slope can be thought as a gain term which determines the
steepness of the calibration curve.
1.0 ± 0.2
M100AH will operate normally even the slope is out of range,
however it is preferred within the range for optimum
operation of the analyzer.
Slope out of range could be due to:
1. Analog gain pot needs adjustment (see Section 10.1.6).
2. Poor calibration quality (see Section 8.7).
OFFSET
<50 mV
This is essentially identical to the stray light except it is
expressed in mV.
High offset could be due to:
1. Light leak.
2. Aging UV filter.
3. Contaminated reaction cell.
4. Pneumatic leak.
5. Poor calibration quality.
HVPS
400 - 900 V
This represents the scaled-up HVPS programming voltage to
the HVPS. The design of the HVPS precludes taking a single
reading that indicates the health of the supply. Refer to the
testing the HVPS. This TEST function is used primarily to set
the HVPS voltage value and the reading should be very stable
and constant. A value not in the 400 to 900 volt range
indicates problems with the HVPS supply.
(table continued)
10-7
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-1: Test Functions (Continued)
Test Function Factory Set-Up
Comment
DCPS
2500 ± 200 mV
DCPS is a composite of the +5 and ± 15 VDC supplies. It has
been arbitrarily set at 2500 ± 200 mV. If it is not in this range
one of the voltages in the supply is not working. Check the
procedures for diagnosing the Power Supply Module.
RCELL TEMP
50.0 ± 1°C
The reaction cell temperature is controlled to 50°C ± 1°C by
the computer. It should only read other values when the
instrument is warming up. If the value is outside the
acceptable range, go to the procedure for diagnosing the
Reaction cell temp supply. The alarm limits are less than 45°C
and greater than 55°C.
BOX TEMP
The Box Temp is read from a thermistor on the Status/Temp
board (01086). It should usually read about 5°C above room
temp. The M100AH is designed to operate from 5 to 40°C
ambient. Therefore the box temperature should be in the range
of about 10 to 50°C. Temperatures outside this range will
cause premature failures of components, and poor data
quality. Warning limits are < 8°C and > 52°C.
8 - 48°C
PMT TEMP
The PMT detector is very temperature sensitive. The PMT
temperature should always be near 7°C, except at power-up.
Temperatures more than ± 1°C from the set point indicate
cooler diagnostic and troubleshooting. Warning limits are <
2°C and > 12°C.
7.0 ± 1°C
TIME
This is the time of day clock readout. It is used to time the
AutoCal cycles. The speed of the clock can be adjusted by the
CLOCK_ADJ variable in the VARS menu. The clock can be
set via SETUP-CLOCK-TIME from the front panel.
10-8
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.1.2 Fault Diagnosis with WARNING Messages
The M100AH monitors several internal values for alarm conditions. If the condition for an alarm
is met, the alarm is displayed on the front panel and the warning is transmitted out the RS-232
port. Any time the instrument is powered up the SYSTEM RESET alarm will be displayed.
Generally, it is ok to ignore warnings that are displayed shortly after power-up; only if they
persist should they be investigated.
Table 10-2 shows the warning messages and gives some possible causes.
Table 10-2: Front Panel Warning Messages
Message
Description
SYSTEM RESET
Analyzer was reset/powered on. This warning occurs every time the
instrument is powered up, as in a power failure. It can also occur if
the RAM or EEPROM is reset.
RAM INITIALIZED
RAM was erased. The RAM contains the DAS averages which get
erased when the RAM is initialized. It also contains temporary data
used by the M100AH to calculate concentrations. No setup
variables are stored in the RAM.
PMT DET WARNING
UV LAMP WARNING
The PMT output above 4995 mV. The Preamp circuit could be out
of adjustment or wrong range selected.
The UV lamp output is below 600 Mv or above 4995 Mv. UV lamp
could be aging or need to peak output by adjusting the position.
Also beam splitter out of alignment will cause to read lower.
DARK CAL WARNING
HVPS WARNING
Dark PMT or UV lamp reading is above 400 mV.
The HVPS control voltage is above 900 V or below 400 V. The
Preamp circuit could be out of adjustment or the PMT sensitivity is
too weak.
SAMPLE FLOW
WARNING
The measured sample flow is outside the hi/low limits. A Leak in
the pneumatic system is the main cause of the warning although the
flow sensor itself could be the cause.
SAMPLE PRESS
WARNING
The sample pressure is below 15”Hg or above 35”Hg.
(table continued)
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-2: Front Panel Warning Messages (Continued)
Message
Description
VACUUM PRESSURE
WARNING
The vacuum pressure is below 1 in-Hg or above 10 in-Hg.
BOX TEMP WARNING
Box temp. out of spec. Instrument fan failure, enclosure temperature
failure. Operation of the M100AH in a too warm or cold
environment will cause degradation of data quality and shorten the
life of the instrument.
RCELL TEMP
WARNING
Reaction cell temp. out of spec. The warning message is most often
present during initial warm-up or poor electrical contact.
PMT TEMP WARNING
PMT temp. out of spec. The PMT temp has its own control circuit
on the preamp (02107) board. Warnings will occur during initial
warm up period. The warning can occur if the 7 pin connector to the
interior of the sensor is not plugged in. The power from the PSM
should be checked for proper voltage (+15 VDC ± 0.5) on the TEC
driver circuit mounted on the fan duct. Test point 1 and test point 4
(white) should measure 15 VDC and LED should light brightly.
CANNOT DYN ZERO
CANNOT DYN SPAN
Dynamic zero cal. out of spec. The reading of the PMT was too high
for the ZERO button to appear. Make sure the instrument is
receiving zero gas. Check for dirty reaction cell. Do the factory
Dynamic span cal. out of spec. The reading of the PMT was too
high or low for the SPAN button to appear. Make sure the
instrument is receiving correct concentration span gas. Make sure
the expected span concentration is entered. Check for dirty reaction
cell. Do the factory calibration procedure located in Section 10.1.6.
V/F NOT INSTALLED
DCPS WARNING
V/F (00514) board has failed. The V/F board did not respond to
commands from the CPU. This probably means:
1. board not seated in socket
2. defective board
3. defective back plane connector
DC power supply output is put of specification. Test measurement
display is below 2300 mV or above 2700 mV. Refer Section 10.3.4.
10-10
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.1.3 Fault Diagnosis using DIAGNOSTIC Mode
Diagnostic mode can be looked at as a tool kit of diagnostics to help troubleshoot the instrument.
To enter DIAG mode press:
SETUP-MORE-DIAG
pressed SETUP-MORE-DIAG, then press NEXT, PREV to select the desired mode then press
operation. This section is a detailed description of the tests and suggestions for this use.
10-11
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-3: Summary of Diagnostic Modes
DIAG Mode
Description
SIGNAL I/O
Gives access to the digital and analog inputs and outputs on the V/F
board. The status or value of all of the signals can be seen. Some of
the signals can be controlled from the keyboard. Table 10-4 gives
details on each signal and information on control capabilities.
NOTE: Some signals can be toggled into states that indicate
warnings or other faults. These settings will remain in effect until
DIAG mode is exited, then the M100AH will resume control over
the signals.
ANALOG OUTPUT
Causes a test signal to be written to the analog output DAC's. The
signal consists of a scrolling 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% of
the analog output value. The scrolling may be stopped by pressing
the key underneath the % display to hold that value. The exact
voltage values depend on the jumper settings on the analog output
buffer amplifiers.
DAC CALIBRATION
OPTICAL TEST
The analog output is created by 4 digital-to-analog converters. This
selection starts a procedure to calibrate these outputs. Refer to
Sets the M100AH into a known state and turns on an LED near the
PMT to test the instrument signal path. See Section 10.1.3.3 for
details on using this test.
ELECTRICAL TEST
LAMP CAIBRATION
Tests just the electronic portion of the PMT signal path. Used in
This feature allows to update the Lamp Calibration value. Displayed
value is the current lamp intensity and pressing ENTR key will
update the Lamp Calibration value. Refer Section 10.4.2 for UV
Procedure.
FLOW CALIBRATION
This feature allows to enter the actual sample flow. Once the flow is
calibrated, it will compute the flow automatically from the pressure
measurements. Refer Section 10.3.5.
TEST CHANNEL
OUTPUT
This feature allows to output scaled voltage of most test
measurement through the analog output terminal. Refer
RS-232
Causes a 1 second burst of data to be transmitted from the RS-232
port. Used to diagnose RS-232 port problems. See Sections 10.1.3.6
10-12
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.1.3.1 Signal I/O Diagnostic
Table 10-4: Diagnostic Mode - Signal I/O
No.
Signal
Control
Description
0.
DSP_BROWNOUT
NO
Display brownout is used to keep the display from
getting corrupted during low line voltage
conditions. Circuitry on the Status/Temp board
(01086) senses low line voltage and sets this bit.
The CPU reads this and generates the
BROWNOUT_RST signal described below.
1.
2.
3.
EXT_ZERO_CAL
EXT_SPAN_CAL
EXT_LOW_SPAN
NO
NO
Shows state of status input bit to cause the
M100AH to enter Zero Calibration mode. Use to
check external contact closure circuitry.
Shows state of status input bit to cause the
M100AH to enter the Span Calibration mode. Use
to check external contact closure circuitry.
YES
Shows state of status input bit to cause the
M100AH to enter the Low Span Calibration mode.
Use to check external contact closure circuitry.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ZERO_VALVE
CAL_VALVE
YES
YES
YES
NO
Switches the Zero valve. Use this bit to test the
Zero valve function.
Switches the Sample valve. Use this bit to test the
valve function.
HIGH
_SAPN_VALVE
Energizes the high span valve. Use this bit to test
the valve function.
RCELL_ HEATER
Shows the status of the reaction cell heater. This has
the same function as the LED in the power supply
module.
8.
9.
ELEC_TEST
YES
YES
Turns on electric test bit in Preamp. Should be used
for troubleshooting Preamp circuit. We recommend
you use the ELEC TEST button in the DIAG menu
to operate electric test.
OPTIC_TEST
Turns on optic test bit in Preamp. Should be used
for isolating PMT detector system from the rest of
the Preamp circuit. We recommend you use the
OPTIC TEST button in the DIAG menu to operate
optic test.
(table continued)
10-13
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-4: Diagnostic Mode - Signal I/O (Continued)
No.
Signal
Control
Description
10.
BROWNOUT_RESET
YES
Brownout reset works in conjunction with
DSP_BROWNOUT. When DSP_BROWNOUT is
set the CPU sends a signal to reset the display and
clear the DSP_BROWNOUT.
11.
ST_LAMP_ALARM
YES
Status Bit - UV Lamp alarm
Logic High = UV lamp output too low
Logic Low = Lamp output normal
12.
13.
LOW_SPAN_VALVE
ST_HIGH_RANGE
YES
YES
Energizes the low span valve. Use this bit to test the
valve function.
Status Bit - Autorange High Range
Logic High = M100AH in high range of autorange
mode
Logic Low = M100AH in low range of autorange
mode
14.
15.
ST_LOW_SPAN_CAL
PRMP_RNG_HI
YES
YES
Status Bit - Low Span Calibration mode
Logic high = M100AH in Low Span cal mode
Logic low = Not in Low Span cal mode
Switches the preamp (02107) hardware range.
Standard ranges are 500 and 5,000 PPM. Logic
high = 5,000 PPM; logic low = 500 PPM. M100AH
will reset range to correct value based on user set
range value.
16.
17.
18.
ST_ZERO_CAL
ST_SPAN_CAL
ST_FLOW_ALARM
YES
YES
YES
Status Bit - Zero Calibration mode
Logic high = M100AH in Zero cal mode
Logic low = Not in Zero cal mode
Status Bit - High Span Calibration mode
Logic high = M100AH in High Span cal mode
Logic low = Not in High Span cal mode
Status Bit - Flow alarm
Logic High = Sample flow out of spec
Logic Low = Flows within spec
(table continued)
10-14
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-4: Diagnostic Mode - Signal I/O (Continued)
No.
Signal
Control
Description
19.
ST_TEMP_ALARM
YES
Status Bit - Temperature alarm
Logic High = Reaction cell, PMT, Box temps out of
spec
Logic Low = Temps within spec
Status Bit - In Diagnostic mode
Logic High = M100AH in Diagnostic mode
Logic Low = Not in Diag mode
Status Bit - Power OK
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
ST_DIAG_MODE
ST_POWER_OK
ST_SYSTEM_OK
ST_HVPS_ALARM
PMT_SIGNAL
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
Logic High = Instrument power is on
Logic Low = Instrument power is off
Status Bit - System OK
Logic High = No instrument warning present
Logic Low = 1 or more alarm present
Status Bit - HVPS alarm
Logic High = HVPS out of spec
Logic Low = HVPS within spec
Current PMT voltage. Same as PMT voltage in
TEST menu. Bi-polar, typically in 0-5000 mV
range. A constant value of 5000 mV indicates off
scale.
25.
26.
27.
RCELL_TEMP
BOX_TEMP
PMT_TEMP
NO
NO
NO
Reaction Cell temperature. 3500 mV for 50°C.
Box Temperature. Typically 1800 mV for 25°C.
PMT cold block temperature. Typically 1800 mV
for 7°C.
28.
29.
30
DCPS_VOLTAG
SAMPLE_PRES
VACCUM_PRESS
NO
NO
NO
DC power supply composite voltage output.
Typically 2500 mV.
Sample inlet pressure in mV. Typical sea level
value = 3750 mV for 29.9" HG-A.
Reaction cell pressure in mV. Typical value = 750
mV for 6” HG.
(table continued)
10-15
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-4: Diagnostic Mode - Signal I/O (Continued)
No.
Signal
Control
Description
31.
HVPS_VOLTAG
NO
HVPS programming voltage. Output of HVPS is
1000x value present.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
DAC_CHAN_0
DAC_CHAN_1
DAC_CHAN_2
DAC_CHAN_3
UVLAMP_SIGNAL
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
Output of SO2 (DAC0/RANGE1) in mV.
Output of SO2 (DAC1/RANGE2) in mV.
Output of spare (DAC2) channel in mV.
Test Channel (DAC3) output.
Current UV lamp signal voltage in mV. Same as
UV LAMP in TEST menu. Bi-polar, typically 0-
5000 mV range. A constant value of 5000 mV
indicates off scale.
37.
38.
39.
CONC_OUT_1
CONC_OUT_2
TEST_OUTPUT
YES
YES
YES
DAC0 (SO2/RANGE1) analog output in mV.
DAC1 (SO2/RANGE2) analog output in mV.
DAC3 (TEST CHANNEL) analog output in mV.
10.1.3.2 Electric Test
This function injects a constant voltage between the preamplifier and the buffer amplifier on the
preamp board. Electric test checks part of the Preamp, the V/F and computer for proper functioning.
The result of electric test should be a smooth quiet signal as shown by constant values for the SO2
concentration. Likewise the analog outputs should produce a smooth quiet trace on a strip chart
(analog output range is set to 5000PPM and auto-ranging is disabled).
Procedure:
1. Scroll the TEST function to PMT.
2. Press SETUP-MORE-DIAG, scroll to ELECT TEST by pressing the NEXT button. When
ET appears, press ENTR to turn it on.
3. The value in PMT should come up to 2000 mV ± 100 mV in less than 15 sec.
10-16
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
If the HVPS or the span gain adjust on the preamp card has been changed without doing a
FACTORY CALIBRATE the reading in step 3 may be different than 2000 mV, since the overall
calibration affects ELECTRIC TEST. See Section 10.1.6 for factory calibration procedure.
4. To turn off ET press EXIT
If ET is a steady 2000 ± 100 mV, that means the Power Supply Module, Preamp buffer amplifier,
V/F, CPU, and display are all working properly.
10.1.3.3 Optic Test
Optic test turns on a small LED inside the PMT housing which simulates the signal from the
reaction cell. OT tests the entire signal detection subsystem. By observing the level, noise and
drift of this test, correct operation of many sections of the analyzer can be verified.
The implementation of OT involves several changes to the instrument operating conditions. The
M100AH does the following when switching to optic test:
1. Save the current instrument setup as to autorange, dual range, current range. D/A analog
output is set at 5000 PPM range and auto-ranging is disabled.
2. Manually allow to sample zero gas to avoid unwanted sample measurement.
3. Select SETUP-MORE-DIAG, scroll to select the optic test and push ENTR button.
4. The PMT reading in TEST functions should be 200 ± 20 mV.
If the HVPS or the span gain adjust on the preamp card has been changed without doing a
FACTORY CALIBRATE, the reading in step 4 may be different than 200 mV, since the overall
calibration affects OPTIC TEST. Also if the SO2 concentration display is not within the nominal
calibration procedure.
10.1.3.4 Analog Out Step Test
The Step Test is used to test the functioning of the 4 DAC outputs on the V/F board. The test
consists of stepping each analog output 0-20-40-60-80-100% of the output. If the analog outputs
are set for 0-5 V full scale the outputs would step 0-1-2-3-4-5 VDC. The stepping can be halted
at any value by pressing the key under the percentage on the front panel. When the test is halted,
square brackets are placed around the percentage value in the display. Pressing the key again
resumes the test. This test is useful for testing the accuracy/linearity of the analog outputs.
10-17
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.1.3.5 DAC Calibration
The Digital to Analog Converters (DAC) are calibrated when the instrument is set up at the
factory. Re-calibration is usually not necessary, but is provided here in case the V/F board needs
to be replaced and re-calibrated. The procedure for using the DAC Calibration routines are in the
10.1.3.6 RS-232 Port Test
This test is used to verify the operation of the RS-232 port. When started, it outputs the ASCII
letter X for about 2 seconds. During the test it should be possible to detect the presence of the
10.1.4 M100AH Internal Variables
The M100AH software contains many adjustable parameters. Many of the parameters are set at
time of manufacture and do not need to be adjusted for the lifetime of the instrument. It is
possible to change these variables either through the RS-232 port or the front panel. Altering the
affect the performance of the instrument. Therefore it is recommended that these variables not
be adjusted unless you have a clear understanding of the effects of the change.
Table 10-5 contains a description of "easy variables" which do not require special password from
the front panel. "Hard variables" require special password and contact factory if you need to
adjust them. "V LIST" of RS-232 will list all the variables except those that should never be
manually edited.
To access the VARS menu press SETUP-MORE-VARS-ENTR. Use the PREV-NEXT button to
select the variable of interest and press EDIT to examine/change the value, then press ENTR to
save the new value. If no change is required, press EXIT.
10-18
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 10-5: Model 100AH Variables
Default
Value
Value
Range
No.
Name
Units
Description
0.
DAS_HOLD_
OFF
MIN
15.0
0.5-20.0
Hold off duration after
calibration or diagnostic
mode.
1.
2.
3.
TPC_ENABLE
RCELL_SET
DYN_ZERO
ON
50
ON-OFF
30-70
Temp/Pres compensation
enable
Reaction cell temperature
set point
°C
OFF
OFF/ON
Enable to adjust zero
calibration through remote
contact closure
4.
5.
DYN_SPAN
OFF
8
OFF/ON
0-99999
Enable to adjust span
calibration through remote
contact closure
RS232_MODE
Bit
Field
Value is SUM of following
decimal numbers:
1=enable quiet mode
2=enable computer mode
4=enable security feature
8=enable front panel RS-
232 menus (Teledyne API
protocol)
16=enable alternate
protocol (i.e. Hessen)
32=enables multi-drop
support
6.
CLOCK_ADJ
Sec.
0
Real-time clock adjustment
±60
10-19
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.1.5 Test Channel Analog Output
Many of the TEST functions have an analog voltage associated with them. As a diagnostic aid it
is possible to route any one of the various test voltages out the 4th analog output port (see
Figure 2-2). Table 10-6 lists the test measurements that may be routed to test channel output. To
route an analog test measurement to test channel output, press SETUP-MORE-DIAG-ENTR and
use the PREV or NEXT buttons to scroll to the TEST CHAN OUTPUT and press ENTR. Press
the PREV or NEXT buttons to scroll to the desired measurement and press ENTR.
Table 10-6: Test Channel Output
#
Name
Description
Scaled Range
0
NONE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
PMT READING
UV READING
SAMPLE PRESS
SAMPLE FLOW
RCELL TEMP
CHASSIS TEMP
PMT TEMP
PMT output
0 - 5000 mV
0 - 5000 mV
0 - 40 in-Hg
0 - 1000 cc/min.
0 - 70°C
UV lamp output
Sample pressure sensor
Sample flow rate
Reaction cell temp. sensor
Inside of chassis temp. sensor
PMT temp. sensor
0 - 70°C
0 - 20°C
DCPS VOLTAGE
HVPS VOLTAGE
DC power supply
0 - 5000 mV
0 - 1000 V
HV power supply sensor
When a measurement other than NONE is selected, an additional test measurement appears on
the display, which has the format "TEST=XXXXX.X MV" and shows the mV value currently
being output to test analog output port.
10-20
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.1.6 Factory Calibration Procedure (Quick Cal)
This procedure is referred to in other Teledyne API instrument manuals as the "Quick Cal"
procedure. It is used at the factory when the instrument is first set-up.
The Factory Cal procedure balances the PMT, Preamp, and software gain factors so the instrument
has optimum noise, linearity, and dynamic range. It should be used when you are unable to zero or
span the instrument, when the slope and offset values are outside of acceptable range, or when other
more obvious reasons for problems have been eliminated.
NOTE
In this procedure a range of 500 PPM and a span gas concentration of
400 PPM is used as an example. Other values can be used.
PMT Calibration Procedure:
1. On the Preamp board, set S2 to 'B', set S1 to 2. Turn R19 25 turns counter-clockwise, then 12
MORE-DIAG and scroll to select LAMP CALIBRATION. Reset the LAMP CAL value by
pressing ENTR. Value displayed is the current UV lamp intensity and pressing ENTR will
update the value.
4. Set RANGE MODE to SING by SETUP-RNGE-MODE to select single range operation.
5. Set the RANGE to 500 PPM by SETUP-RNGE-SET and key in 500, then press ENTR.
6. Input 400 PPM of SO2 span gas in the sample inlet port.
7. Scroll to the PMT - TEST function.
8. In this example the expected span gas concentration is 400 PPM and therefore the expected
voltage is about 3.5 V.
9. Adjust S2, the HVPS coarse adjustment, on the preamp board to the setting that produces a
signal that is closest to 3.5 V. Adjust S1, the HVPS fine adjustment, to the setting that
produces a signal that is closest to 3.5 V. Use R19 to trim the reading to 3.5 ± 0.1V.
10. Recalibrate the instrument for both zero and span to calculate the slope and offset (refer to
Section 8). The above procedure is to assure that the instrument will operate with optimum
noise, linearity, and dynamic range.
10-21
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.1.6.1 Electric Test (ET) Procedure
1. Any time the gain of the PMT buffer amplifier circuit (R19) is changed (refer component
location label inside of the Preamp cover), that will change the ET reading. Since the gain
was adjusted in the above procedure, do the following to re-adjust the ET signal.
2. To re-adjust ET press SETUP-MORE-DIAG, then scroll to ELEC TEST and press ENTR.
3. Scroll the TEST functions until PMT is displayed.
4. Adjust R27 until 2000 mV ± 50 is displayed.
5. Press EXIT to return to SAMPLE mode.
10.1.6.2 Optic Test (OT) Procedure
1. Any time the PMT buffer amplifier circuit (R19) gain and/or the PMT high voltage setting is
changed, the OT reading will also change. The PMT cal procedure changed both of these
values.
2. To re-adjust OT press SETUP-MORE-DIAG, then scroll to OPTIC TEST and press ENTR.
3. Scroll the TEST functions until PMT is displayed.
4. Adjust R25 until 200 mV ± 20 is displayed.
5. Press EXIT to return to SAMPLE mode.
10-22
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.2 Performance Problems
When the response from a span check is outside the control limits, the cause for the drift should
be determined, and corrective action should be taken. Some of the causes for drift are listed
below:
1. Fluctuations in flow. Such as leaks or plugged orifices.
2. Lack of preventive maintenance.
3. Change in zero air source.
4. Change in span gas concentration.
A. Zero air or ambient air leaking into span gas line.
B. Cal gas tank exhaustion.
C. Dirty particulate filter.
10.2.1 AC Power Check
1. Check that power is present at main line power input. Verify that correct voltage and
frequency is present.
2. Check that the unit is plugged into a good socket. Analyzer must have 3-wire safety power
input.
3. Check circuit breaker. Circuit breaker is part of the front panel power switch. It is set each
time the instrument power is turned on. If there is an internal short causing a trip, the switch
will automatically return to the OFF position when an attempt is made to turn it on.
10-23
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.2.2 Flow Check
1. Check TEST function VACUUM PRES reading about 6 IN-HG and SAMP FLOW - Should
be 650 ± 60 cc/min.
2. Check that pump is running. Observe pump for proper operation.
3. Test that pump is producing vacuum by removing fitting at the inlet of the pump and
checking for suction at fitting.
4. Check for analyzer flow.
5. Remove the 1/4" fitting from the rear panel of the analyzer sample filter assembly and plug
the fitting with your finger and note the weak vacuum produced.
6. Check instrument inlet flow using separate flow meter and compare the flow rate to the
SAMP FLOW reading. If the flow is lower than expected flow, then leak check the analyzer
or the orifice is plugged.
7. If there is no leak and all above procedures can not correct flow rate reading, then calibrate
10.2.3 No Response to Sample Gas
1. Confirm general operation of analyzer.
C. Confirm that sample gas contains SO2.
D. Check UV lamp is on.
2. Check instrument electronics.
C. Check if UV LAMP reading of TEST function is greater than 350 mV.
If the M100AH passes ET and OT that means the instrument is capable of detecting light and
processing the signal to produce a reading. Therefore, the problem is most likely in the
pneumatics.
10-24
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.2.4 Negative Concentration Display
1. Mis-calibration. The 'zero' gas that was used to zero the M100AH contained some SO2 gas -
that is it had more SO2 gas than that of the sample air. May also be caused by doing a zero
calibration using ambient air.
2. Broken PMT temperature control circuit, causing high zero offset. Check PMT temperature
which should be 7 ± 1°C.
3. Aging UV filter causing high stray light. Check STR. LGT reading of TEST function. It
should be less than 100 PPM.
4. Check for light leak.
10.2.5 Excessive Noise
Common reasons for excessive noise are:
1. Leak in pneumatic system.
2. Light leak - check the sensor module with strong light.
4. Defective electronic components on preamp board. - use optic test and electric test to check
electronics, optics and observe noise.
5. Contamination of reaction cell and optical system - This can be wet air or impurities. This
can be detected by high PMT readings with zero air as sample gas. Clean reaction cell as
6. Broken PMT temperature control circuit. Check PMT TEMP - TEST function.
7. Mis-calibration. Check SLOPES in TEST function.
8. Too low UV lamp output. Should be higher than 600 mV. Replace the lamp if it is lower than
this value.
9. High stray lights - UV filter is aging.
10. Reaction cell temperature is not stable.
10-25
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.2.6 Unstable Span
Common causes are:
1. Leak in pneumatic system.
2. Unstable UV lamp output - replace lamp.
3. Sample lines or sample filter dirty - clean or replace.
4. Plugged sample inlet orifice - clean with methanol and sonic cleaner.
HVPS test procedure.
6. Bad or defective PMT detector - check Optic test.
7. Reaction cell temperature not stable - observe warning messages, or RCELL TEMP in TEST
functions. Check diagnostic LED in Power Supply Module for normal cycling.
8. PMT temperature not stable - observe warning messages, or PMT TEMP in TEST functions.
9. Sample vent line too short, allowing room air to mix with span gas - line should be a
minimum of 15" long.
10. Calibration gas source unstable.
10.2.7 Unstable Zero
Common causes are:
1. Leak in pneumatic system.
2. Light leak - check the sensor module with strong light.
3. Sample lines or sample filter dirty - clean or replace.
4. Zero gas source unstable - verify quality of zero air and the flow rate.
10-26
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.2.8 Inability to Span
If the SPAN button is not illuminated when attempting to span, that means the reading is outside
of the software gain ranges allowed. In an analog instrument it would be the equivalent to the
span pot hitting the maximum.
Here are some things to check:
1. Check the expected span concentration value in CAL-CONC, and compare this to the value
of the calibrator span gas being input. They should be close.
TEST function.
10.2.9 Inability to Zero
If the ZERO button is not illuminated when attempting to zero, that means the reading is outside
of the software gain ranges allowed. In an analog instrument it would be the equivalent to the
zero pot hitting the maximum.
Here are some things to check:
1. Select the PMT - TEST function. With zero gas going into the instrument, the value should
be less than 50 mV, typically 10 - 30 mV. If you are getting a high reading, the probable
reasons are:
A. Leak that admits gas containing SO2.
B. Contaminated reaction cell. Remove and clean cell.
C. Light leak.
D. Zero gas that isn't really zero. Make sure you're not trying to zero the analyzer with
sample gas or span gas.
10-27
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.2.10 Non-Linear Response
Common causes are:
1. Leak in pneumatic system.
2. Calibration device in error - re-check flowrates and concentrations, especially at low
concentrations.
3. Contamination in sample delivery system:
A. Dirt in sample lines or reaction cell.
B. Dilution air contains sample or span gas.
C. Dirty particulate filter.
4. Back pressure on sample inlet.
10.2.11 Slow Response
1. Contaminated or dirty sample delivery pneumatics.
A. Dirty/plugged sample filter or sample lines.
B. Dirty reaction cell.
C. Check leak.
2. Flow rate too low.
3. Wrong materials in contact with sample - use glass or Teflon.
4. Insufficient time allowed for purging lines upstream of analyzer.
5. Insufficient time allowed for SO2 cal gas source to become stable or cal gas flow is too low.
10.2.12 Analog Output Doesn't Agree with Display Concentration
1. V/F board DAC's out of calibration. Do DAC calibration and Factory Calibration.
2. Analog outputs electrically loaded down causing voltage to sag. Could be due to input
impedance of chart recorder or data logger being too low or improper grounding.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3 Electronic Subsystem Troubleshooting and
Adjustments
10.3.1 Computer, Display, Keyboard
The purpose of this section is to determine if the computer subsystem electronics hardware are
working properly. Assessment will make it the board level.
10.3.1.1 Front Panel Display
The front panel display is a 2 line by 40 character display. It has its own microprocessor to
decode commands and display characters. It contains a self test feature. To test the display:
1. Turn off the power to the instrument.
2. Fold down the M100AH front panel.
3. Disconnect the 24 line flat ribbon cable (J2) that connects the computer parallel port to the
keyboard.
4. Turn on the M100AH power switch.
5. Observe the front panel display. If the display successfully completes its power on self test, it
will display a single underline character "_" in the left most character of the top line of the
display. If this character is present, the display is working properly.
6. Turn off the power to the analyzer, and re-attach the 24 line cable to J2, and proceed to the
next test.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.1.2 Single Board Computer
The SBC40 is a full function computer designed for instrument control applications. It consists
of a microprocessor, 2 serial and one parallel ports, standard bus interface, and 4 sockets for
memory. The memory sockets consist of: 256k ROM containing the multitasking operating
system and application code, 32k E2PROM containing the setup variables, 256k RAM
containing data collected by the instrument, and a time-of-day clock to provide event timing
services. The overall function of this board is quite complex. Complete testing of this board's
functions is not possible in the field. If component level troubleshooting of this board is
necessary, contact the factory for schematics.
Like the display, the overall functioning of the CPU can be confirmed by a simple test.
2. Power on the instrument.
3. Locate the red LED at the top left edge of the board.
4. It should be flashing at a frequency of about once per second.
5. This flashing indicates the board is powered up and is executing instructions.
RS-232 diagnostic procedures are described in Section 4.3.1.2. It is possible for the UART driver
chip to malfunction in either or both of the input or output ports.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.1.3 Front Panel Keyboard
The keyboard consists of 8 keys and 3 LED's. Key strokes are sent to the SBC40 computer's
parallel port. The computer software detects the key strokes via interrupts. The bottom line of the
display consists of 40 characters which is divided into 8 - 5 character fields. Each field defines
the function of the key immediately below it. The definition of the keys is variable and depends
on the menu level of the software.
To check the operation of the keyboard, each key should perform an operation indicated by its
current definition shown on the second line of the display.
Example #1 - testing key#1 (left most key).
At the top level menu key #1 is defined as the TEST function. Pressing this key should cause the
middle field of the top line of the display to show the various test functions.
Example #2 - testing key #8 (right most key). At the top level menu key #8 is defined as the
SETUP key. Pressing key #8 should cause the SETUP menu to be displayed.
Example #3 - If the 5 character field above any key is blank, the key is not defined, pressing the
key has no effect.
The 3 status LED's indicate several functional states of the instrument such as calibration, fault,
and sample modes. The state of the LED's is controlled by 3 lines on the parallel port of the
SBC40. Functioning of the LED's can be checked by:
1. Turn off the M100AH power.
2. While watching the LED's, turn on the instrument power.
3. When the power comes up, the computer momentarily applies power to all 3 LED's for
approximately 1 sec. If all the LED's are observed to light, they are working properly.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.2 Voltage/Frequency (V/F) Board
The V/F Board consists of 16 analog input channels, each software addressable; 8 digital inputs,
and 24 digital outputs, each line independently addressable; and 4 independent analog output
channels. The analog input channels are connected to V/F converter capable of 80,000 counts,
which is approximately 16 bit resolution. The integration period is software selectable from
40msec to 2.4 sec. Commands from the SBC40 computer and digitized values from the V/F
section of the board are sent via the STD bus interface. The schematic for the board is in the
Appendix 00514.
The overall operation of this board is quite complex. To fully check out all of its operational
modes in the field is not recommended. Therefore, a few of simple tests are described here that
test one analog input channel, the 4 analog output channels, one digital input, and one digital
output.
1. V/F board analog input test.
Each analog channel is routed through a programmable 16 channel multiplexer. If one
channel works, chances are they all work.
A. Turn on instrument.
B. Press TEST key on front panel keyboard until DCPS test is displayed.
C. The value displayed should read 2500 ± 100 mV
If the M100AH passes this test, it has successfully digitized a 2500 mV composite voltage
output from the Power Supply Module. The signal should also be quiet ± 25 mV.
2. Analog output channel test.
In the DIAGNOSTIC menu on the front panel, there is a test that outputs a step voltage to the 4
analog outputs. This test is useful for calibrating chart recorders and dataloggers attached to the
M100AH. The test can also be useful in diagnosing faults in the V/F board.
A. Turn on the instrument.
B. Enter the SETUP-MORE-DIAG menu.
C. Scroll to select the ANALOG OUTPUT test. This causes the M100AH to output a 5 step
voltage pattern to the 4 analog outputs on the rear panel. The status of the test is shown on
the front panel display. The scrolling can be stopped at any voltage by pressing the key
below the changing percentage display. The values are 0-20-40-60-80-100% of whatever
voltage range has been selected. For example the voltages would be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 V if the
5 V range had been selected.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
D. Use a DVM on each analog output channel to confirm the correct voltages.
If the voltages step, but are the wrong values, the V/F board may be out of calibration. See
Section 10.3.2.1 for information on how to calibrate the V/F board.
3. Digital input channel test.
The digital I/O section of the V/F board has 8 input bits and 24 output bits. Two of the 8
input bits are assigned as calibration controls. See Section 8.5 for information on calibration
using external contact closures.
To test the digital inputs:
A. Turn on the M100AH power on.
B. Connect a jumper wire across REMOTE IN terminals 1 and 2 of the rear panel connector
C. Shortly after closure is made the instrument should switch into zero mode as indicated on
the front panel display.
D. Remove the jumper. Shortly after the jumper is removed the instrument should exit the
zero calibrate mode and enter the HOLDOFF mode. To exit the HOLDOFF mode press
EXIT, which will return the instrument to the SAMPLE mode.
4. Digital output channel test.
There are 24 output bits on the V/F board. The 24 bits are made up of three 8 bit ports. It is
possible for a single 8 bit port or even a single bit within a port to fail.
A quick observational test of the digital outputs is to observe the LED's in the Power Supply
Module (Refer to Figure 10-3 for the location of the LED's in the PSM). A more detailed test
is in the DIAGNOSTIC menu. See Diagnostic tests in Section 10.1.3.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.2.1 ADC/DAC Calibration Procedure
Due to the stability of modern electronics this procedure should not have to be performed more
than once a year or whenever a major sub-assembly is exchanged or whenever analog output
voltage range is changed. To calibrate the 4-20 mA current option output, proceed to the second
part of the procedure for the calibration of 4-20 mA current output. After this procedure is
completed, a Factory Calibration Procedure should be performed per Section 10.1.6.
To calibrate the DAC's on the V/F board, do the following:
1. Press SETUP-MORE-DIAG-ENTR, then scroll down to the D/A CALIBRATION diagnostic
mode, then press ENTR to start the calibration procedure.
Press CFG-SET-VOLT-ENTR to define Voltage output of the corresponding Analog Output
Channel. If necessary a recorder offset can be introduced into the analog output voltages. It is
intended for recorders that cannot show slightly negative readings. It can also be used to bias
the input to a datalogger to offset small external ground loop voltages that are sometimes
present in monitoring systems. The recorder offset will bias both the recorder and DAS
analog outputs. Enter offset value in mV as needed and press ENTR-EXIT.
2. Press ADC to start the calibration. The M100AH display will read "ADJUST ZERO A/D=
XX.X mV", where XX.X mV is the target voltage that should be coming out the DAC # 0.
Put the probe of a voltmeter (recommend to use 4 1/2 digits meter) on the recorder output
terminals 1 and 2 on the M100AH rear panel. The value displayed on the front panel and the
voltmeter reading should be the same (± 3 mV). If they are not, adjust the zero pot (R27) on
the V/F board until the two values are the same (± 1 mV). Note that the voltmeter reading
does not change while adjusting the zero pot (R27). When the voltmeter shows the same
value (± 1 mV) as the value displayed on the front panel, press ENTR.
DAC #0 is terminals 1 and 2 of the recorder output.
3. The M100AH display will now show a new voltage in the same format as above. This
voltage will be about 90% of the full scale DAC output range. Now the value displayed on
the front panel and the voltmeter reading should be same (± 3 mV). If they are not, adjust the
gain pot (R31) on the V/F board until the two values are the same (± 3 mV). Press ENTR.
The DAC #0 is now calibrated and will be used as a voltage reference for calibrating the
ADC.
4. Next, the analyzer goes through a procedure that calibrates the other 3 DAC's. When
completed press EXIT to return to upper level menus.
Next setup is recommended to verify the quality of the ADC/DAC calibration.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
5. Pressing SETUP-MORE-DIAG-ENTR-NEXT, and select ANALOG OUTPUT. Verify the
quality of ADC/DAC calibration by measuring the test channel output voltage. The signal
consists of a scrolling 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% of the analog output value. The
scrolling may be stopped by pressing the key underneath the % display to hold that value and
will display within the square bracket ( [%] ). Press key once again to continue scrolling or
press EXIT to terminate. The exact voltage values depend on the DIP switch settings on the
analog output buffer amplifiers.
To calibrate the 4-20 mA current output option, do the following:
proceeding following procedure, since the input voltage of the 4-20 mA converter hardware is
configured for 0-5 volt range.
1. Connect the 300 - 1000 ohm resistor to one of the 4-20 mA recorder output terminal 1 or 2
(refer to Figure 2-2). Connect in series the DC current meter between the resistor and other
terminal of the recorder output with proper polarity.
2. Press SETUP-MORE-DIAG-ENTR and scroll down to the D/A CALIBRATION diagnostic
mode, press ENTR to start the procedure. Press CFG and scroll by pressing NEXT to select
desired current output channel, press SET-CURR-ENTR to define current output channel.
3. Press CAL to start the calibration. The M100AH display will read
"x)CONC_OUT_X,CURR,ZERO", where X is the output channel number. Press the
up/down buttons on the front panel until the current meter displays 4.0 mA (± 0.1mA). When
the current meter shows a stable 4.0 ± 0.1 mA, press ENTR.
4. The M100AH display will now show "x)CONC_OUT_X,CURR,GAIN". As before, press
the up/down buttons on the M100AH front panel until the current meter reads 20.0 ± 0.1 mA.
5. Repeat step 1 through 4 for additional current channel output calibration. Each current
channel must be calibrated separately. When completed press EXIT to return to upper level
menus.
6. Verify that the analog output is correct by performing SETUP-MORE-DIAG-ANALOG
OUTPUT. The current meter should read 4, 7.2, 10.4, 13.6, 16.8, and 20 mA accordingly.
See Section 10.3.3.4 for additional current output measurement methods.
10.3.2.2 Changing Output Voltage Ranges
If you are using analog voltage output, several different output voltage ranges can be selected by
the analog output voltage range, then you must reset the power of the instrument and do a
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.3 Status/Temp Board
The Status/Temp Board is a multifunction board that:
1. Converts the resistance readings of the thermistors to voltages
2. Provides status output circuitry
3. Provides circuitry for contact closure inputs
4. Provides circuitry for display brown-out/reset at low line voltage
5. Provides sockets for voltage-to-current modules
10.3.3.1 Temperature Amplifier Section
The Status/Temp board (01086) is a multifunction board consisting of 4 thermistor amplifiers
that monitor:
1. Spare
2. Reaction Cell temperature
3. Box temperature
4. Spare
The voltages of the thermistor and thermocouple amplifier outputs are brought out to test points
on the edge of the board. Refer to the schematic 01086 for details. The voltages can also be read
using the DIAGNOSTIC - SIGNAL I/O feature (see Table 10-4 for details).
Thermistor Temperature Amplifier Adjustments
The Status/Temp board has 3 thermistor temperature amplifiers:
1. Reaction Cell Temperature
2. Spare
3. Box temperature readout
These 3 outputs are controlled by a common pot (R34) on the upper edge of the card.
If the temperature readouts are in error:
1. Adjust R34 of the Status/Temp board to read 2.577 VDC between test point 6 and test
point 2.
2. This will cause all of the readouts to accurately measure their respective temperatures.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.3.2 Display Brownout
During low AC line conditions the display can lock up due to insufficient voltage. When low
line conditions are approaching, this circuit senses the condition by monitoring the un-regulated
+5 VDC in the Power Supply Module. If brownout conditions are met, the DISP_BROWNOUT
line is asserted and the CPU sends a hardware RESET command to the display and sends a
BRNOUT RESET pulse back to U4. Brownout conditions will be noticed by the display flashing
every 8 seconds.
10.3.3.3 Status Output Lines, External Contact Closures
The Status lines consist of 2 active input lines, and 12 active output lines. Additional circuits are
present on the board but currently unused. Individual lines are set or cleared under CPU control
depending on the assigned alarm condition. The CPU also monitors the 2 input lines for remote
calibration commands. The status inputs and outputs are terminated at the rear panel. (See
schematic diagram 01917, Figure 2-2 and Figure 4-3 for details.)
The output lines are opto-coupled NPN transistors which can pass 50 ma max of direct current
with a voltage of 30 VDC max (see Schematic 01087).
The input lines are optically isolated with inputs pulled up to +5 VDC. External contacts can be
contact closures or open channel transistor contacts. DO NOT apply any voltage, since +5 VDC
is supplied internally (refer Figure 2-2 and Schematic 01087 for details).
Individual status lines can be set or cleared using the DIAGNOSTIC mode SIGNAL I/O. This
can be useful for simulating fault conditions in the analyzer to see if external circuitry is working
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.3.4 4-20 mA Current Output
4-20 mA current loop option replaces the voltage output of the instrument with 4-20 mA current
output. The current outputs come out on the same terminals that were used for voltage outputs
(see Figure 2-2). It is programmable for 4-20mA or 0-20mA and has a 1500 V common mode
voltage isolation and 240 V RMS normal mode voltage protection. Vloop = 28 V max which is
sufficient to drive up to a 1000 ohm load. Verify that the jumpers on the motherboard are set
properly for the current output mode (refer to schematic 01087 and 01248). See
Section 10.3.2.1 for the 4 - 20 mA current output calibration procedure.
There are two methods to measure the output of 4-20mA option.
1. Voltage method - preferred method
Digital type Multi-meters (DMM) are ideally suited for this type of measurement because of
their high input impedance - usually 10 M ohm or greater. The total load resistance should be
between a 200ohm (min) to 1000 (max), precision load resistor of 0.1% tolerance or better is
recommended.
2. Current method
Although current is constant in a series circuit, accuracy in this type of measurement is
usually less precise than with the voltage method due to the type of circuitry used in digital
multi-meters. Connect a load resistance (between 200 - 1000 ohm) in series with the DMM.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.4 Power Supply Module
The Power Supply Module consists of several subassemblies described in Table 10-7 below.
Table 10-7: Power Supply Module Subassemblies
Module
Description
Linear Power Supply
Board
The linear power supply board takes multiple voltage inputs from
the power transformer and produces +5, +15, -15, +12 VDC
outputs. The outputs are routed to two external connectors, P2 and
± 15 is used in several locations for running op-amps and IC's. The
+12 is used for operating fans and valves.
Switching Power Supply
Switch Board
The switching power supply supplies +15 VDC at 4 A to the PMT
cooler control on the Sensor Module. The output is made available
through J10 on the Switch Board. There is a load resistor on the
Switch Board to keep the output stable when little current is
required from the supply.
The Switch Board has many different functions. It takes logic
signals from the V/F board and uses them to switch 4-115 VAC and
4-12 VDC loads. The board also contains the instrument central
grounding tie point. It distributes AC and DC power as needed.
Connector J2 programs the power transformers to take 115, 220, or
240 VAC inputs
Power Transformers
There are potentially 2 input power transformers in the instrument.
The multitap transformer T1 is in every M100AH and supplies input
power for the Linear Power Supply board described above. A
second transformer T2 is added if 220 or 240 VAC input is required.
Input power selection is done via a programming connector P2
which provides the proper connections for either foreign or
domestic power.
Circuit Breaker/Power
Switch
The front panel contains a combination circuit breaker - input power
switch. It is connected to the PSM through J6 on the Switch Board.
If an overload is detected the switch goes to the OFF position.
Switching the power back on resets the breaker also.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.4.1 PSM Diagnostic Procedures
The Linear Power Supply board can be tested by checking the DCPS - TEST function on the
front panel. It should read 2500 mV ± 200 mV. If the value is outside this range, individual
output voltages can be tested on connector P3, see Schematic in the Appendix for pinouts.
The Switching Power Supply output can be tested by observing the temperature of the PMT cold
block using the PMT TEMP - TEST function. The temperature should be constant ± 1°C. The
output voltage can be observed on J10 of the Switch Board. It should be 15VDC ± 0.5.
The Switch Board can be tested by observing the diagnostic LEDS along the top edge of the
Table 10-8: Power Supply Module LED Operation
No.
Function
Description
1.
High Span Valve
Should switch ON when CALS-HIGH-ENTR button sequence
pressed. High span gas input to analyzer.
2.
3.
4.
Zero Valve
Should switch ON when CALZ button pressed. Zero gas input to
analyzer.
Sample/Cal Valve
Low Span Valve
Should switch ON when CALS or CALZ buttons are pressed.
ON when in calibrate mode.
Should switch ON when CALS-LOW-ENTR button sequence
pressed. High span gas input to analyzer.
5.
6.
7.
8.
UV LAMP
Spare
Turns on the UV lamp power.
Spare
Reaction Cell Heater
Should cycle ON-OFF every to control constant temp.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.5 Flow/Pressure Sensor
The flow/pressure sensor board consists of 2 pressure sensors. See Figure 10-5 for a diagram of this
assmebly. The flow rate value is computed from these two pressure sensors and displayed on the
front panel TEST functions including two pressure readings. They are:
1. Inlet sample gas pressure - measured directly S1
2. Reaction cell pressure - measured directly S2
The above pressure and flow are filtered to produce the front panel readings. Several minutes
may be required for a steady reading if observing the TEST functions.
Check Pressure
1. Remove the 1/8" fitting from the reaction cell and remove sample inlet tubing for the sample
filter assembly.
2. Scroll to select VAC or PRES of the TEST functions.
3. Check if the pressure readings are close to the current absolute ambient pressure (typical
value at sea level is 29.9 Hg-In). Notice that it must be absolute pressure reading. Check if
both readings do not differ more than 2% from each other.
Pressure Calibration
1. Press SETUP-MORE-DIAG-ENTR and Scroll to select PRESSURE CALIBRATION-
ENTR.
2. Enter the current absolute pressure value in In-Hg.
Check Flow Rate
To calibrate the sample flow, proceed as follows:
1. Scroll to select SAMP FL of the TEST functions.
2. Using independent flow meter verify the flow rate into the reaction cell.
3. If the actual flow differs more 10% of the displayed flow, proceed to flow calibration.
Flow Calibration
1. Press SETUP-MORE-DIAG-ENTR and Scroll to select FLOW CALIBRATION-ENTR.
2. Enter the actual flow value from the independent flow meter.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.6 Reaction Cell Temp
The reaction cell temperature is controlled by the CPU using advanced algorithm to control
constant temperature. It operates by reading a thermistor amplifier on the 01086 Status/Temp
board. First LED from the front indicates the control power on-off status which can be seen from
the cover of the PSM through the slot. A warning message is often present during initial warm-
up due to the temperature being below the 50.0°C set point.
10.3.7 Preamp Board
The Preamp Board is a multifunction board providing circuitry to support the following
functions.
1. Preamp, buffer amplifier, physical range control hardware for the PMT detector.
2. Precision voltage reference and voltage generation, and control for the PMT - HVPS inside
the sensor module.
3. Constant current generator and adjustment for the Optic Test LED.
4. Voltage generation and adjustment for Electric Test.
5. Thermistor amplifier and temperature control circuit for the PMT cooler.
The setup and adjustment of items 1-4 above is covered in the Factory Calibration procedure in
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.8 PMT Cooler
The PMT cooler uses a Thermal Electric Cooler (TEC) supplied with DC current from the
The temperature is controlled by a temperature controller circuit located on the Preamp board.
Voltages applied to the cooler element vary from 0.1 to 12 VDC. The input voltage from the
supply is 15 VDC and LED indicates the presence of the voltage. Typical control voltage to the
FET is about 4.5 VDC when PMT temperature is at the 7°C setpoint. At normal room
temperatures the 7°C set point should be maintained within 0.1°C. These voltages can be
measured from the PCB mounted in the fan shroud. The control voltage from the Preamp can be
measured between TP18 and TP11 of the Preamp PCB. Also under normal room temperature
and at the 7°C PMT set point the voltage between TP1 and TP2 will typically measure between
0.15 V - 0.2 V which translates to about 1.5-2 Amp DC current flowing through the Thermal
Electric Cooler (TEC). Following procedures show how to replace the TEC assembly.
adjacent to the shipping screws).
2. Remove four screws that hold the fan duct and unplug cable plugs from the fan duct
assembly.
3. Remove four screws holding the heatsink assembly from the PMT housing assembly and
separate these two assembly carefully by pulling heatsink assembly slowly out of the PMT
housing until HVPS module is completely out of the PMT housing (refer to Figure 10-8).
4. Remove two screws from the HVPS module to separate HVPS module from the cooler
block.
5. Pull out PMT, LED, and thermistor carefully from the cooler block. Be careful not to
contaminate the window of the PMT with thermal compound from the thermistor. The PMT
is fragile, so handle carefully.
6. Replace two desiccant bags inside of the PMT housing with new bags.
7. Replace cooler assembly (P/N 01461) and assemble by reversing the above steps.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.3.9 HVPS (High Voltage Power Supply)
The HVPS is located in the interior of the Sensor Module, and is plugged into the PMT tube. It
requires 2 voltage inputs. The first is +15 VDC which powers the supply. The second is the
programming voltage that is generated on the Preamp Board. The test procedure below allows to
test HVPS. Adjustment of the HVPS is covered in the Factory Calibration Procedure in
To troubleshoot the HVPS:
1. While sampling stable SO2 gas, record PMT reading and HVPS reading of the TEST
function.
2. Change HVPS voltage about 50V lower than the current setting by adjusting S2 and S1 on
the preamp board. If PMT reading on the display drops about 40±10% from the previous
reading, then HVPS is working properly.
If all of the above are checked properly, then the problem is either the PMT or HVPS. Check the
HVPS as follows
5. Turn off the instrument.
6. Remove the cover and disconnect the 2 connectors at the front of the SO2 PMT housing.
7. Remove the end plate from the PMT housing.
8. Remove the HVPS/PMT assembly from the cold block inside the sensor. Unplug the PMT
tube.
9. Re-connect the 7 pin connector to the Sensor end cap, and power-up the instrument.
11. Turn off the instrument power, and re-connect the PMT tube, then re-assemble the sensor.
If any faults are found in the test, you must obtain a new HVPS as there are no user serviceable
parts inside the supply.
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.4 Optical Sensor Module Troubleshooting
10.4.1 PMT
The PMT detects the light emitted by the secondary emission of the SO2 molecules. It has very
high gain and low noise to detect the weak light source optimally. It is not possible to test the
detector outside of the instrument in the field. The best way to determine if the PMT is working
The basic method to diagnose a PMT fault is to eliminate the other components using ET, OT
and specific tests for other sub-assemblies.
10.4.2 UV Lamp Adjust or Replacement
As the UV lamp output changes, the SO2 concentration will change. There are five main types of
energy changes or fluctuations associated with the UV lamp:
1. Line voltage changes - UV lamp energy is directly proportional to the line voltage.
2. Lamp short term drift - Over a period of hours, the UV emitted from the lamp may increase
or decrease slightly.
3. Lamp aging - Over a period of months, the UV energy will show a downward trend, usually
30% in the first 90 days, and then a slower rate, until the end of useful life of the lamp, 2-3
years nominally.
4. Lamp positioning - The physical alignment of the lamp in its holder (which is optimized by
PEAKING the lamp, originally at the factory) may be disturbed.
5. Beam splitter out of alignment - beam splitter holder may be disturbed.
To adjust or to replace the UV lamp, proceed as follows:
1. Loosen the thumbscrew to allow the lamp to move freely. Replace the lamp if needed.
2. Slowly rotate or move the lamp vertically while monitoring the UV LAMP display to read
3500 mV ± 200 mV. If the UV lamp is lower than 3500 mV, then peak the lamp to get its
maximum output.
3. Finger tighten the thumbscrew.
4. After adjusting the UV lamp intensity reset the Lamp Cal value by selecting SETUP-MORE-
DIAG and scroll to select LAMP CALIBRATION. Reset the LAMP CAL value by pressing
ENTR. The value displayed is the old UV lamp intensity and pressing ENTR will update
with new value. Now the LAMP RATIO test reading should be 100%.
5. Calibrate Zero/Span of the Analyzer using calibration gas.
10-54
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
CAUTION
Strong UV light Present
Always use safety glasses (plastic glasses will not do)
If the UV LAMP display is lower than 600 mV after peak adjustment, it is recommended that the
lamp be replacd. Most UV lamps with output above 600 mV are still in good condition. UV
LAMP display below 350 mV will cause the instrument to display XXXXX.X.
To adjust the beam splitter assembly:
2. While observing the test measurement value of UV LAMP display, rotate slowly to get
maximum UV lamp reading.
3. Tighten two screws evenly little by little.
To replace the UV filter, proceed as followings:
1. Turn off the instrument’s power and remove the power cord from the instrument.
2. Unplug J4 connector from the motherboard to allow tool access.
4. Remove 4 screws from the UV filter retainer.
5. Carefully remove the UV filter.
6. Install new UV filter. Handle carefully and do not touch the filter’s surface. UV filter’s wider
ring side should be facing out.
7. Install UV filter retainer and tighten 4 screws.
8. Install the lamp cover. Tighten 4 screws.
9. Plug J4 connector into the motherboard.
10-55
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
10.5 Pneumatic System Troubleshooting
was ordered with.
10.5.1 Leak Check
CAUTION
When doing a leak check do not pressurize the M100AH to
greater than 15 psig. Damage to internal components will
occur at higher pressures.
Many performance problems are caused by leaks. Refer to Section 9.7 for the leak check
procedure.
10.5.2 Pump
The external vacuum pump is capable of 14"Hg Absolute pressure at 1 SLPM or better to
maintain critical flow. If the vacuum pressure reading noted is higher than 10”HG, the pump
may need servicing. A pneumatic leak also can cause higher pressure reading.
10.5.3 Z/S Valves
The Z/S Valves is an option in the instrument. Before troubleshooting this sub-assembly, check
that the options were ordered, and that they are enabled in the software (if not call factory).
Check for the Z/S valves:
2. Check front panel for option presence. The front panel display when the instrument is in
SAMPLE more should display CALS and CALZ buttons on the second line of the display.
The presence of the buttons indicates that the option has been enabled in software.
Troubleshooting the Z/S valves:
1. It is possible to manually toggle each of the valves in the DIAGNOSTIC mode. Refer to
pneumatic diagram of the system.
2. Plug the corresponding inlet port on the rear panel with your finger and feel the weak
vacuum produced. If not, check LED on the power supply module (refer to Table 10-8) for
valve switching.
10-56
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
11 M100AH SPARE PARTS LIST
Note: Use of replacement parts other than those supplied by Teledyne API may result in
non-compliance with European Standard EN61010-1.
Table 11-1: Teledyne API M100AH Spare Parts List
Part No.
00094-8
00262-01
00270
Description
ORIFICE, 12 MIL, 650 CC, Rx CELL
UV LAMP ASSY
LENS, UV
00269
LENS, PMT
00271
UV FILTER
00274
PMT OPTICAL FILTER
CPU BOARD
00276-4
00329
THERMISTOR ASSY
00337
HEATER/THERMISTOR ASSY (Rx CELL)
UV TRANSFORMER ASSY, 60Hz
UV TRANSFORMER ASSY, 50Hz
V/F BOARD
00484
00484-1
0051402
00596
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
KEYBOARD
00704
00728
DISPLAY
00969
FILTER, TFE, 47 MM, QTY 100
FILTER, TFE, 47 MM, QTY 25
STATUS/TEMP BOARD
PMT PREAMP BOARD ASSY
ASSY, POWER SUPPLY MODULE - 115V/60Hz
ASSY, POWER SUPPLY MODULE - 220V/50Hz
ASSY, POWER SUPPLY MODULE - 240V/50Hz
FAN, POWER SUPPLY MODULE
FAN, PMT COOLER
00969-1
0108600
01105-1
01139
01139-02
01139-04
01236
01314
(table continued)
11-1
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
Table 11-1: Teledyne API M100AH Spare Parts List (Continued)
Part No.
01324
Description
SO2 SENSOR ASSY
01340
PMT, M100A SO2
01357
THERMISTOR ASSY (COOLER)
ASSY, HVPS
01408-1
01461
COOLER ASSEMBLY
01474-02
01930
M100AH 47 MM FILTER EXPENDABLES KIT
KEYBOARD
02230
DC POWER SUPPLY BOARD
INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR M100AH
SINTERED SS FILTER
SPRING, SS, LONG
02417
FL001
HW090
HW120
OP012
OR001
OR004
OR006
OR007
OR013
OR015
OR016
OR042
PS004
PU011
RL008
SW006
TU001
TU002
SHOCKMOUNT, SENSOR
UV DETECTOR
ORING, FLOW CONTROL
ORING, LIGHT TRAP
ORING, LENS HOUSING
ORING, PMT HOUSING/COVER
ORING, UV DETECTOR
ORING, PMT FILTER
ORING, UV LENS
ORING, SENSOR ASSY
POWER SUPPLY, SWITCHING
PUMP REBUILD KIT, THOMAS
SOLID STATE RELAY, 12 VDC
OVERHEAT SW, CELL/OVEN
TUBING: 6’, 1/8” CLR
TUBING: 6’, 1/8”, BLK
11-2
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
11.1 Model 100AH Level 1 Spares Kit
Table 11-2: Teledyne API M100AH Level 1 Spares Kit
Part No.
02456
Description
M100AH LEVEL 1 SPARES KIT
Includes:`
00262-01
02418
Qty
1
UV LAMP ASSY
UV FILTER
1
01340
PMT, M100A SO2
1
01461
COOLER ASSEMBLY
SHOCKMOUNT, SENSOR
UV DETECTOR
1
HW144
OP012
PS002
3
1
HVPS
1
PU011
RL008
00596
PUMP REBUILD KIT, THOMAS
SOLID STATE RELAY, 12 VDC
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
1
1
1
Table 11-3: Teledyne API M100AH 47 mm Expendables Kit
Part No.
02455
Description
M100AH 47 MM FILTER EXPENDABLES KIT
Includes:`
00969-01
FL001
Qty
2
FILTER, TFE, 47 MM, QTY 25
SINTERED SS FILTER
1
HW020
OR001
SPRING, FLOW CONTROL
ORING, FLOW CONTROL
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
1
2
00596
1
11-3
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11-4
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
APPENDIX A MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE FOR M100AH
DATE INSTRUMENT RECEIVED _____________
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT
NOV
DEC
PARTICULATE
FILTER ELEMENT
REPLACE WEEKLY AS NEEDED
REPLACE QUARTERLY
PUMP CHARCOAL
SCRUBBER
DFU
REPLACE ANNUALLY
PARTICULATE
FILTER FOR
SCRUBBER
PNEUMATIC
LINES
EXAMINE AND REPLACE AS
NECESSARY
LEAK CHECK
AND QUICK CAL
CHECK ANNUALLY. SEE
SECTION IN MANUAL. LEAK
CHECK AFTER ANY
MAINTENANCE THEN FOLLOW
QUICK CAL.
PUMP
EVERY 12 MONTHS
DIAPHRAGMS
SAMPLE ORIFICE
SAMPLE FLOW
REPLACE O-RINGS AND FILTER
ANNUALLY
CHECK FOR PROPER FLOW
650 ± 10% CC/MIN. ANNUALLY
A-1
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Teledyne API Model 100AH SO2 Analyzer Instruction Manual, 02417, Rev. D
APPENDIX B ELECTRICAL SCHEMATICS
Part Number
Name
00514
V/F Board Assembly
00515
V/F Board Schematic
0108601
01087
Status/Temp Assembly
Status/Temp Schematic
Power Supply Wiring Diagram
Motherboard Assembly
Motherboard Schematic
Reference Preamp Assembly
Reference Preamp Schematic
Isolated 4-20 mA Output
TEC Control PCB Assembly
TEC Control PCB Schematic
Connector Board Assembly
Connector Board Schematic
Keyboard Assembly
0113911
01248
01249
0131103
0131203
01471
01839
01840
01916
01917
01930
01931
Keyboard Schematic
02106
‘A’ Series Preamp Design
Preamp Board Assembly
Preamp Board Schematic
Switch Board Assembly
Switch Board Schematic
DC Power Supply Assembly
DC Power Supply Schematic
02107
02108
02222
02223
02230
02231
B-1
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