Seiko Instruments Printer LTP F Series User Guide
LTP F SERIES  
LINE THERMAL PRINTER MECHANISM  
TECHNICAL REFERENCE  
U00060419201  
Seiko Instruments Inc.  
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PREFACE  
This reference manual describes the specifications and basic operating procedures for the LTP F Series  
Thermal Printer Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as “printer”).  
The LTP F series has the following two types of printers that are classified by their paper width.  
LTPF247A-C432  
LTPF347A-C576  
This manual usually describes information common to any printer, and each information with the name if  
information is different.  
Chapter 1 “Precautions” describes safety, design and operational precautions. Read it thoroughly  
before designing so that you are able to use the product properly.  
SII has not investigated the intellectual property rights of the sample circuits included in this manual.  
Fully investigate the intellectual property rights of these circuits before using. In particular, SII reserves  
the industrial property rights for the Heat Storage Simulation described in Chapter 3. Using it for the other  
printer is infringement on the industrial property rights.  
iii  
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
Section  
Page  
CHAPTER 1 PRECAUTIONS  
1.1  
1.2  
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ..................................................................................................... 1-1  
DESIGN AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS ......................................................................... 1-2  
1.2.1 Design Precautions .................................................................................................. 1-2  
1.2.2 Handling Precautions ............................................................................................... 1-5  
1.2.3 Precautions on Discarding ....................................................................................... 1-6  
CHAPTER 2 FEATURES  
CHAPTER 3 SPECIFICATIONS  
3.1  
3.2  
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................. 3-1  
HEAT ELEMENT DIMENSIONS........................................................................................... 3-3  
3.2.1 Heat Element Dimensions for the LTPF247............................................................. 3-3  
3.2.2 Heat Element Dimensions for the LTPF347............................................................. 3-4  
PAPER FEED CHARACTERISTICS..................................................................................... 3-5  
STEP MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................... 3-6  
3.4.1 Motor Drive Circuit.................................................................................................... 3-7  
3.4.2 Motor Timing ............................................................................................................ 3-9  
3.4.3 Motor Driving Precautions...................................................................................... 3-10  
THERMAL HEAD ................................................................................................................ 3-14  
3.5.1 Structure of the Thermal Head (LTPF247)............................................................. 3-15  
3.5.2 Printed Position of the Data (LTPF247) ................................................................. 3-16  
3.5.3 Thermal Head Electrical Characteristics (LTPF247).............................................. 3-17  
3.5.4 Structure of the Thermal Head (LTPF347)............................................................. 3-18  
3.5.5 Printed Position of the Data (LTPF347) ................................................................. 3-19  
3.5.6 Thermal Head Electrical Characteristics (LTPF347).............................................. 3-20  
3.5.7 Timing Chart........................................................................................................... 3-21  
3.5.8 Head Resistance.................................................................................................... 3-21  
3.5.9 Head Voltage.......................................................................................................... 3-22  
3.5.10 Peak Current .......................................................................................................... 3-22  
CONTROLLING THE HEAD ACTIVATION (DST) PULSE WIDTH.................................... 3-23  
3.6.1 Calculation of the Head Activation Pulse Width ..................................................... 3-23  
3.6.2 Calculation of the Applied Energy .......................................................................... 3-23  
3.6.3 Adjustment of the Head Resistance....................................................................... 3-24  
3.6.4 Head Activation Pulse Term Coefficient................................................................. 3-24  
3.6.5 Heat Storage Coefficient ........................................................................................ 3-25  
3.6.6 Thermistor Resistance ........................................................................................... 3-26  
3.6.7 Detecting Abnormal Temperatures of the Thermal Head ...................................... 3-28  
3.3  
3.4  
3.5  
3.6  
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Section  
3.7  
Page  
PAPER DETECTOR ........................................................................................................... 3-29  
3.7.1 General Specifications ........................................................................................... 3-29  
3.7.2 Sample External Circuit.......................................................................................... 3-30  
PLATEN POSITION DETECTOR ....................................................................................... 3-31  
3.8.1 General Specifications ........................................................................................... 3-31  
3.8.2 Sample External Circuit.......................................................................................... 3-31  
3.8  
CHAPTER 4 CONNECTING TERMINALS  
4.1  
4.2  
THERMAL HEAD CONTROL TERMINALS.......................................................................... 4-2  
MOTOR CONTROL TERMINALS......................................................................................... 4-5  
CHAPTER 5 DRIVE METHOD  
CHAPTER 6 HOUSING DESIGN GUIDE  
6.1  
SECURING THE PRINTER .................................................................................................. 6-1  
6.1.1 Printer Mounting Dimensions ................................................................................... 6-1  
6.1.2 Recommended Screws............................................................................................ 6-3  
6.1.3 Precautions for Securing the Printer ........................................................................ 6-3  
LAYOUT OF PRINTER AND PAPER ................................................................................... 6-4  
WHERE TO MOUNT THE PAPER HOLDER....................................................................... 6-5  
WHERE TO MOUNT THE PLATEN UNIT............................................................................ 6-5  
WHERE TO MOUNT THE PLATEN RELEASE KNOB ........................................................ 6-6  
WHERE TO MOUNT THE PAPER CUTTER ....................................................................... 6-6  
6.2  
6.3  
6.4  
6.5  
6.6  
CHAPTER 7 APPEARANCE AND DIMENSIONS  
CHAPTER 8 LOADING/UNLOADING PAPER AND HEAD CLEANING  
8.1  
8.2  
LOADING/UNLOADING PAPER PRECAUTIONS................................................................ 8-1  
HEAD CLEANING PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURE ..................................................... 8-4  
8.2 1 Head Cleaning Precautions...................................................................................... 8-4  
8.2.2 Head Cleaning Procedure........................................................................................ 8-4  
vi  
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Section  
9.1  
Page  
CHAPTER 9 PERIPHERALS  
AUTOCUTTER UNIT ............................................................................................................ 9-1  
9.1.1 Installation Method ................................................................................................... 9-2  
9.1.2 Clearing a Paper Jam in the Autocutter ................................................................... 9-4  
9.1.3 Consideration for Outer Case Design ...................................................................... 9-5  
9.1.4 Considerations for Using.......................................................................................... 9-7  
9.1.5 Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed ........................................... 9-8  
vii  
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FIGURES  
Figure  
Page  
3-1  
3-2  
3-3  
3-4  
3-5  
3-6  
3-7  
3-8  
Heat Element Dimensions (LTPF247) .................................................................................. 3-3  
Print Area (LTPF247) ............................................................................................................ 3-3  
Heat Element Dimensions (LTPF347) .................................................................................. 3-4  
Print Area (LTPF347) ............................................................................................................ 3-4  
Sample Drive Circuit.............................................................................................................. 3-7  
Input Voltage Signals for the Sample Drive Circuit .............................................................. 3-8  
Motor Start/Stop Timing ........................................................................................................ 3-9  
Sample of Motor Current Control ........................................................................................ 3-13  
Thermal Head Block Diagram (LTPF247)........................................................................... 3-15  
Printed Position of the Data (LTPF247) .............................................................................. 3-16  
Thermal Head Block Diagram (LTPF347)........................................................................... 3-18  
Printed Position of the Data (LTPF347) .............................................................................. 3-19  
Timing Chart........................................................................................................................ 3-21  
Thermistor Resistance vs. Temperature............................................................................. 3-26  
Sample External Circuit of the Paper Detector.................................................................... 3-30  
Sample External Circuit of the Platen Position Detector ..................................................... 3-31  
3-9  
3-10  
3-11  
3-12  
3-13  
3-14  
3-15  
3-16  
4-1  
4-2  
Thermal Head Control Terminals.......................................................................................... 4-2  
Terminals on the Motor Connector........................................................................................ 4-5  
5-1  
Timing Chart for Driving Using Two Divisions....................................................................... 5-2  
6-1  
6-2  
6-3  
Printer Mounting Dimensions ................................................................................................ 6-2  
Layout of Printer and Paper................................................................................................... 6-4  
The Platen Unit Mounting Position ........................................................................................ 6-5  
7-1  
7-2  
7-3  
7-4  
Appearance and Dimensions (LTPF247).............................................................................. 7-2  
Appearance and Dimensions of the Platen Unit(LTPF247) .................................................. 7-3  
Appearance and Dimensions (LTPF347).............................................................................. 7-4  
Appearance and Dimensions of the Platen Unit (LTPF347) ................................................. 7-5  
8-1  
8-2  
8-3  
8-4  
Loading Paper (1).................................................................................................................. 8-1  
Loading Paper (2).................................................................................................................. 8-2  
Loading Paper (3).................................................................................................................. 8-2  
Head Cleaning Procedure ..................................................................................................... 8-4  
9-1  
9-2  
9-3  
9-4  
9-5  
9-6  
9-7  
9-8  
9-9  
9-10  
9-11  
Installing the Autocutter Unit (Movable blade unit)................................................................ 9-2  
Fixing Blade Unit ................................................................................................................... 9-3  
Installing Autocutter Unit (Fixing blade unit).......................................................................... 9-3  
Clearing a Paper Jam in the Autocutter ................................................................................ 9-4  
Outer Case Design................................................................................................................ 9-5  
Outer Case Design sample (Mechanism Side)..................................................................... 9-6  
Using the Paper Effectively When Cutting ............................................................................ 9-7  
Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed (LTPF247 with ACUF224A) ........... 9-8  
Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed (LTPF247 with ACUF224B) ........... 9-9  
Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed (LTPF347 with ACUF324A) ......... 9-10  
Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed (LTPF347 with ACUF324B) ......... 9-11  
viii  
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TABLES  
Table  
Page  
3-1  
3-2  
3-3  
3-4  
3-5  
3-6  
3-7  
3-8  
General Specifications .......................................................................................................... 3-1  
General Motor Specifications ................................................................................................ 3-6  
Excitation Sequence.............................................................................................................. 3-8  
Acceleration Steps............................................................................................................... 3-11  
Motor Current Value ............................................................................................................ 3-12  
DST Blocks and Activated Heat Elements (LTPF247)........................................................ 3-16  
Thermal Head Electrical Characteristics (LTPF247)........................................................... 3-17  
DST Blocks and Activated Heat Elements (LTPF347)........................................................ 3-19  
Thermal Head Electrical Characteristics (LTPF347)........................................................... 3-20  
Head Resistance Ranks...................................................................................................... 3-21  
Head Voltage....................................................................................................................... 3-22  
Temperature and Corresponding Thermistor Resistance................................................... 3-27  
Absolute Maximum Ratings of the Paper Detector (at 25 °C)............................................. 3-29  
Paper Detector Input/Output Conditions ............................................................................. 3-30  
3-9  
3-10  
3-11  
3-12  
3-13  
3-14  
4-1  
4-2  
4-3  
4-4  
Connectors for External Circuit and Recommended Connectors for the Other FFC............ 4-1  
Thermal Head Control Terminal Assignments (LTPF247).................................................... 4-3  
Thermal Head Control Terminal Assignments (LTPF347).................................................... 4-4  
Motor Control Terminal Assignments.................................................................................... 4-5  
9-1  
Printer Mechanism and Corresponding Autocutter Unit........................................................ 9-1  
ix  
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CHAPTER 1  
PRECAUTIONS  
Read through this manual to design and operate the printer properly.  
Pay special attention to the precautions noted in each section.  
1.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS  
Follow these precautions when designing a product using the printer, and include any necessary  
precautions and warning labels to ensure the safe operation of your product by users.  
z
Preventing the thermal head from overheating  
When electricity is continuously supplied to the thermal head heat element by a CPU or  
other malfunction, the thermal head may overheat, causing smoke and fire.  
Follow the method described in Section 3.6.7 to monitor the temperature of the thermal  
head to prevent overheating.  
Turn the printer off immediately if any abnormal conditions occur.  
z
z
Preventing the user from touching the thermal head and motor  
Warn the user not to touch the thermal head, its periphery or motor as they are hot during  
and immediately after printing. Failure to follow this instruction may lead to personal injury  
including burns.  
Also, allow cooling by designing clearance between the head, motor and the outer case.  
Precautions for sharp edges of the printer body  
Design the outer case so that the user cannot touch sharp edges of the printer body or the  
cutting surface of metal parts. Or, provide warnings concerning this matter.  
1-1  
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1.2 DESIGN AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS  
To maintain the initial level of performance of the printer and to prevent future problems from  
occurring, observe the following precautions.  
1.2.1 Design Precautions  
Design precautions  
z
z
If too much energy is applied to the thermal head, it may overheat and become damaged.  
Always use the printer with the specified amount of energy.  
The current capacity of the thermal head is 13.6A. Design the circuit so that the average  
current does not exceed this value. (However, when the current capacity standard of  
harness is MAX.1A/pin, since the numbers of VP and GND pins are 8 pins and 9 pins,  
respectively, the current will be 8A and 9A each.  
z
Use C-MOS IC chips (74HC240 or equivalent) for interfacing the CLK, LATCH, DAT and  
DST signals of the thermal head.  
z
z
When turning the power on or off, always DISABLE (put in “high” state) the DST terminals.  
To prevent the thermal head from being damaged by static electricity:  
•
•
Fix the printer to the Frame Ground (FG) by FG connection portions shown in Figure  
7-1 to Figure 7-3.  
Connect the GND terminal (SG) to FG through an approximately 1 MΩ resistor.  
z
z
Keep the Vp power off while not printing in order to prevent the thermal head from being  
electrically corroded. In addition, design the printer so that the signal GND of the thermal  
head and the frame GND of the printer mechanism become the same electric potential.  
Wire resistance should be 50 mΩ or less and 30 cm or less (however the less the better)  
between the power supply and the Vp, and the GND terminals on the thermal head  
controller. Maintain a considerable distance from signal lines to reduce electrical  
interference.  
z
z
A surge voltage between Vp and GND should not exceed 28 V.  
As a noise countermeasure, connect the capacitor noted below between the Vdd and GND  
terminals near the thermal head control connector.  
Capacitor: 0.1 µF/15 V (aluminum electrolytic)  
z
z
Always detect the outputs of the platen position and paper detectors. Incorrect activation of  
the thermal head may reduce the life of the thermal head and the platen and damage them.  
The head activation time period may become longer according to the printing condition. If  
so, hold the phase of the motor and keep the pause time of the head activation for 0.1 msec  
or more. A continuous printing without a pause time may damage the thermal head.  
1-2  
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z
Always close the platen and feed the paper at 16 dots or more per line when printing is in a  
standby state. The elastic deformation of the platen roller rubber will be retreated.  
Mechanism precautions  
z
Apply power in the following manner:  
When turning the power ON: 1) Vdd (5 V)  
At shut down: 1) Vp (24 V)  
→
→
2) Vp (24 V)  
2) Vdd (5 V)  
z
z
Cut surfaces of metallic parts may become discolored and rusted due to the operational  
environment. Consider these factors regarding appearance.  
Do not apply any stress to the thermal head connector when inserting and removing the  
PCB (Printed Circuit Board). After the PCB has been connected to the thermal head  
connector, design the outer case so that stress does not apply to the head connector.  
Stress may cause printing problems, resulting in damage to the thermal head.  
z
z
z
Always release the pressure of the thermal head when not using the printer for a long time  
(put the platen in platen open state). The platen pressured to the thermal head may become  
deformed.  
When closing the platen unit, the gear of the platen driving wheel may come in contact with  
the gear of the reduction wheel, making it impossible to install the platen. In this case, open  
the platen, and then close it again.  
Handle the platen unit with care because it is detachable. Flaws or dust on the platen roller  
and the platen driving wheel may reduce print quality. Be careful during installation  
because the plate may become deformed by stress.  
z
z
Do not pull out paper when the platen unit is closed.  
Stress to the platen frame while printing may reduce print quality.  
1-3  
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Printing and paper feeding precautions  
z
Make sure that variation in the motor drive frequency does not lead to noise or a loss of  
paper feed force before making designs.  
z
z
Design the outer case to prevent the paper feed out from being caught in the platen.  
When or after printing or paper feed has been suspended, if data is input or printing  
restarts, paper feed may not be performed properly for several dot lines just after printing  
starts. This problem is more likely to occur when printing bit images.  
z
z
z
Do not open the platen unit while printing. The printer may be damaged.  
Do not use label paper, carbon paper, and thermal paper of more than 80µm.  
Do not perform back feed (backspin of the motor).  
1-4  
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1.2.2 Handling Precautions  
Incorrect handling may reduce the efficiency of the printer and cause damage. Handle the printer with  
the following precautions.  
Also, include any necessary precautions so that users handle the printer with care.  
z
To prevent the heat elements, ICs, etc. from static electricity, discharge all static electricity  
before handling the printer.  
Pay special attention to the thermal head control terminals when handling.  
z
z
z
Do not apply stress to the thermal head control terminals: Doing so may damage the  
connectors.  
If any paper other than that specified is used, high print quality and long life of the thermal  
head cannot be guaranteed.  
Using anything other than the specified paper may cause the following:  
Poor printing quality  
Abrasion of the thermal head  
The thermal surface of the paper and the thermal head may stick together  
Excessive noise  
Fading print  
Corroded thermal head  
z
z
z
Always print or feed with the specified paper inserted to protect the platen and thermal  
head.  
Do not hit or scratch the surface of the thermal head with any sharp or hard objects as it  
may damage the heat element.  
When the printer is not in use, place the thermal head in up position.  
The head down (platen “close” state) and head up (platen “open” state) positions can be set  
with head up/down lever.  
If the thermal head is remained in contact with the platen, the platen may become  
deformed.  
z
z
Never connect or disconnect cables with the power on. Always power off the printer first.  
When printing a black or checkered pattern at a high print rate in a low temperature or high  
humidity environment, the vapor from the paper during printing may cause condensation to  
form on the printer or may soil the paper.  
If water condenses on the printer, keep the thermal head away from water drops as it may  
corrode the thermal head, and turn Vp off until it dries.  
z
z
The printer is not water-proof. Prevent contact with water and do not operate with wet hands  
as it may damage the printer or cause a short circuit or fire.  
Never use the printer in a dusty place, as it may damage the thermal head and cause paper  
feed trouble.  
1-5  
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1.2.3 Precautions on Discarding  
When discarding used printers, discard them according to the disposal regulations and rules of each  
respective district.  
1-6  
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CHAPTER 2  
FEATURES  
The LTP F Series Line Thermal Printer Mechanism is a compact, super high-speed thermal line dot  
printing mechanism. It can be used with a measuring instrument and analyzer, a POS, a  
communication device, or a data terminal device.  
The LTP F Series has the following features:  
1
z
Super high speed printing ∗  
A maximum print speed of 1760 dot lines per second (220 mm per second) is attainable for  
the LTP F series printer mechanism.  
z
z
Easy loading of printing paper  
An easy loading of a printing paper with a detachable platen unit.  
High resolution printing  
A high-density print head of 8 dots/mm produces clear and precise printing.  
2
z
Long life ∗  
The mechanism is maintenance-free device with a long life of 100 km print length or 100  
million pulses.  
z
z
z
Low noise  
Thermal line dot printing is used to guarantee low-noise printing.  
Thermal head cleaning  
The removable platen unit enables the thermal head of the printer to be cleaned easily.  
Anti-static electricity function  
Exposed metal parts of the printer can be connected to Frame Ground (FG) to minimize  
secondary radiation.  
1
2
∗
∗
Print speed differs depending on working conditions.  
Based on the life span judgment in the general specifications.  
2-1  
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2-2  
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CHAPTER 3  
SPECIFICATIONS  
3.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS  
Table 3-1 General Specifications  
Specification  
Item  
LTPF247  
LTPF347  
Print method  
Dots per line  
Printable dots per line  
Simultaneously activatable dots  
per line  
Thermal dot line printing  
448 dots  
640 dots  
576 dots  
352 dots  
432 dots  
248 dots  
Resolution  
8 dots/mm  
220 mm/sec  
1
Maximum print speed ∗  
Print width  
Paper width  
54 mm  
58 mm  
72 mm  
80 mm  
Paper feed pitch  
0.125 mm  
Via a thermistor  
Via a mechanical switch  
Via a photo interrupter  
Head temperature detection  
Platen position detection  
Out-of-paper detection  
Operating voltage range  
Vp line  
24V ± 10%  
Vdd line  
5V ± 5%  
Max.  
10.4A  
5.2A  
3
Current  
Print ratio ∗  
100%  
50%  
Rated  
9.2A  
4.6A  
2.3A  
1.2A  
Max.  
14.8A  
7.4A  
3.7A  
1.9A  
Rated  
13.0A  
6.5A  
3.3A  
1.7A  
consumption used  
in driving the head  
2
(Vp) ∗  
25%  
2.6A  
12.5%  
1.3A  
Motor drive (Vp)  
Head Logic (Vdd)  
Operating temperature range  
(No condensation)  
0.55 A max.  
0.1 A max.  
0°C to 50°C  
Storage temperature range  
(No condensation)  
-20°C to 60°C  
1
∗
∗
Print speed changes according to the processing speed of the controller and print pulse width.  
The current value indicates a momentary value obtained by calculation.  
Calculation conditions  
2
(1) “Max.” indicates the values when the voltage is 26.4 V, the head resistance is 630.5 Ω, and  
fixed two-division printing is used.  
(2) “Rated” indicates the values when the voltage is 24 V, the head resistance is 650 Ω, and fixed  
two-division printing is used.  
When printing equal to the print width is performed.  
3
∗
3-1  
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Table 3-1 General Specifications (Continued)  
Specification  
LTPF247  
Item  
LTPF347  
Life span  
(at 25°C and rated energy)  
Activation pulse resistance  
Abrasion resistance  
4
100 million pulses or more ∗  
100 km or more (excluding damage caused by dust and foreign  
materials)  
Paper feed force  
Paper hold force  
0.98N (100 gf) or more  
0.98N (100 gf) or more  
Dimensions (excluding the  
lever and convex part)  
(width × depth × height)  
86.2 × 54 × 25.8 mm  
110.2 × 54 × 25.8 mm  
Mass  
Approx. 150g  
Approx. 175g  
Specified thermal paper  
TF50KS-E2C Normal thermal paper  
Nippon Paper Industries  
Oji Paper Co., Ltd.  
MITSUBISHI PAPER  
MILLS LIMITED  
PD160R-N  
HP220AB1  
Medium proof paper  
Medium proof paper  
4
∗
Changing rate of average head resistance: ±15% or less  
3-2  
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3.2 HEAT ELEMENT DIMENSIONS  
3.2.1 Heat Element Dimensions for the LTPF247  
The LTPF247 contains a thermal head with 448 heat elements (dot-size). The 432 dots (54 mm to the  
paper width 58 mm) is a printable area due to a relation with the paper width.  
When transmitting print data, enter (NUL) data for data strings equivalent to 8 dots each on the right  
and left sides.  
448 Dots (56mm)  
8 Dots  
432 Dots (54mm)  
8 Dots  
0.125 mm  
Printable area  
Figure 3-1 Heat Element Dimensions (LTPF247)  
+0  
-1  
58  
mm (Paper width)  
2 mm  
2 mm  
54 mm (Printing width)  
0.125 mm  
(Paper feed  
pitch)  
Figure 3-2 Print Area (LTPF247)  
3-3  
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3.2.2 Heat Element Dimensions for the LTPF347  
The LTPF347 contains a thermal head with 640 heat elements (dot-size). The 576 dots (72 mm to  
the paper width 80 mm) is a printable area due to a relation with the paper width.  
When transmitting print data, enter (NUL) data for the data string equivalent to 32 dots each in right  
and left sides.  
640 Dots (80mm)  
32 Dots  
576 Dots (72mm)  
32 Dots  
0.125mm  
Printable area  
Figure 3-3 Heat Element Dimensions (LTPF347)  
+0  
-1  
80  
mm (Paper width)  
3 mm  
3 mm  
74 mm (Printing width)  
0.125 mm  
(Paper feed  
pitch)  
Figure 3-4 Print Area (LTPF347)  
3-4  
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3.3 PAPER FEED CHARACTERISTICS  
z The bipolar chopper driving method should be used for driving.  
z Any type of design for the drive circuit other than the example described in Section 3.4.1 may  
affect the standard function of the printer.  
z Paper is fed in the forward direction when the motor shaft is rotating anticlockwise as seen  
from the motor gear side.  
z The motor is driven by a 2-2 phase excitation method and feeds paper by 0.125 mm  
(equivalent to a single dot pitch) every one step of the motor drive signal.  
z To prevent deterioration in print quality due to backlash of the paper feed system, the motor  
should be rotated 16 steps in the reverse direction, then 16 steps in the normal direction  
during initialization.  
z During paper feed, the motor should be driven at 1760 pps through the motor acceleration  
control. As exceptions, when using the LTPF347 under 0°C to 10°C in temperature, drive it at  
1200 pps or less. At dynamic division driving, do not use it more than 1200 pps.  
z During printing, the motor drive frequency should be adjusted so that the head activation pulse  
width does not exceed the motor step time. (For details, see CHAPTER 5 DRIVE METHOD.)  
z If the motor is continuously driven at less than 450 pps continuously, noise and/or paper  
sticking may occur.  
3-5  
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3.4 STEP MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS  
Table 3-2 General Motor Specifications  
Item Specification  
Type  
PM  
Drive method  
Excitation  
Bipolar chopper  
2-2 phase  
Winding resistance per phase  
Rated voltage  
16Ω/phase±10%  
Vp: 24 V±10%  
Set current  
Approximately 275 mA/phase  
3-6  
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3.4.1 Motor Drive Circuit  
(1) Sample Drive Circuit  
A sample drive circuit for the motor is shown in Figure 3-5.  
Rated voltage  
Vp: 24±10%  
Vcc: 5±5%  
Recommended motor driver  
Shin Kaden Kogyo MTD2007F  
Figure 3-5 Sample Drive Circuit  
3-7  
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(2)  
Excitation Sequence  
When the voltage signals shown in Figure 3-6 are input to the motor drive circuit shown in  
Figure 3-5, as shown in Table 3-3, the LTP F Series feeds the paper in the normal direction  
when the motor is excited in the order of step 1, step 2, step 3, step 4, step 1, step 2, . . . .  
H
PH1  
L
H
PH2  
L
1 dot line  
Figure 3-6 Input Voltage Signals for the Sample Drive Circuit  
Table 3-3 Excitation Sequence  
Input Signal  
Output Signal  
PH1  
L
PH2  
L
B
L
A
L
B
H
H
L
A
H
L
Step 1  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Step 4  
H
L
L
H
H
L
H
H
H
H
L
L
H
L
H
3-8  
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3.4.2 Motor Timing  
Refer to the time chart in Figure 3-7 when designing the control circuit or software for starting and  
stopping the motor. Also, note the following precautions:  
Precautions for Designing the Motor Control Circuit and Software  
(1) Stop step  
z To stop the motor, excite for 10 msec with the same phase as the last one in the  
printing step.  
(2) Pause state  
z In the pause state, do not excite the step motor by having I0, I1 go high so as to prevent  
the motor from heating. Even when the step motor is not excited, it maintains force to  
prevent the paper from sliding by a torque operation.  
(3) Start step  
z To restart the motor from the stop step, immediately shift the motor into the print  
sequence.  
z To restart the motor from the pause (no excitation) state, shift the motor into the print  
step sequence after outputting the same phase as that of the stop step for the first step  
time of the acceleration step.  
Input signals for a sample drive circuit are shown in Figure 3-7.  
H
PH1  
L
H
PH2  
L
H
I0,I1  
L
Print step  
Pause Pause  
step standby  
Start  
step  
Print step  
Figure 3-7 Motor Start/Stop Timing  
3-9  
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3.4.3 Motor Driving Precautions  
Acceleration Control  
When driving the motor, acceleration control is needed to get start up in order to maintain the power  
force.  
Drive the motor to the driving speed, according to acceleration steps shown in Table 3-4.  
The method for accelerating the motor is as follows:  
1. Output the start step time.  
2. Output the first step for the first acceleration step time  
3. Output the second step for the second acceleration step time  
4. Output the nth step for the nth step acceleration time  
5. After accelerating up to the motor driving speed, the motor is driven at constant speed.  
The printer can print during acceleration.  
The maximum printing speeds differ depending upon the drive method of the thermal head. Set the  
acceleration step as follows.  
Accelerate the motor up to the step number 126 and motor driving frequency 1760 (PPS) for  
performing an acceleration control at two-division driving.  
At dynamic division driving, or, when using the LTPF347 under 0°C to 10°C in temperature, change  
step number 59 into the motor driving frequency of 1200 (PPS) and step time 833 (µSEC), and then  
accelerate the motor up to the step number 59 and motor driving frequency 1200 (PPS).  
3-10  
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Table 3-4 Acceleration Steps  
Step Time Number Speed Step Time Number  
Number  
of Steps  
Speed  
(pps)  
Speed Step Time  
(µsec)  
of Steps  
(pps)  
(µsec)  
of Steps  
(pps)  
(µsec)  
Start  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
---  
111  
179  
232  
383  
400  
412  
440  
466  
491  
515  
538  
560  
581  
601  
621  
640  
659  
677  
695  
712  
729  
745  
761  
777  
793  
808  
823  
837  
852  
866  
880  
894  
907  
921  
934  
947  
959  
972  
985  
997  
1009  
1021  
9027  
9027  
5579  
4308  
2614  
2500  
2426  
2272  
2144  
2035  
1941  
1859  
1786  
1721  
1663  
1610  
1561  
1517  
1477  
1439  
1404  
1372  
1342  
1313  
1287  
1261  
1238  
1215  
1194  
1174  
1155  
1136  
1119  
1102  
1086  
1071  
1056  
1042  
1029  
1016  
1003  
991  
43  
44  
45  
46  
47  
48  
49  
50  
51  
52  
53  
54  
55  
56  
57  
58  
59  
60  
61  
62  
63  
64  
65  
66  
67  
68  
69  
70  
71  
72  
73  
74  
75  
76  
77  
78  
79  
80  
81  
82  
83  
84  
85  
1033  
1045  
1056  
1068  
1079  
1090  
1102  
1113  
1124  
1134  
1145  
1156  
1166  
1177  
1187  
1197  
1207  
1217  
1227  
1237  
1247  
1257  
1267  
1276  
1286  
1295  
1305  
1314  
1323  
1333  
1342  
1351  
1360  
1369  
1378  
1387  
1395  
1404  
1413  
1421  
1430  
1438  
1447  
968  
957  
947  
936  
927  
917  
908  
899  
890  
882  
873  
865  
857  
850  
842  
835  
828  
821  
815  
808  
802  
796  
789  
784  
778  
772  
766  
761  
756  
750  
745  
740  
735  
731  
726  
721  
717  
712  
708  
704  
699  
695  
691  
86  
87  
88  
89  
90  
91  
92  
93  
94  
95  
96  
97  
98  
1455  
1464  
1472  
1480  
1489  
1497  
1505  
1513  
1521  
1529  
1537  
1545  
1553  
1561  
1569  
1577  
1584  
1592  
1600  
1607  
1615  
1622  
1630  
1637  
1645  
1652  
1660  
1667  
1674  
1682  
1689  
1696  
1703  
1711  
1718  
1725  
1732  
1739  
1746  
1753  
1760  
687  
683  
679  
675  
672  
668  
664  
661  
657  
654  
651  
647  
644  
641  
637  
634  
631  
628  
625  
622  
619  
616  
614  
611  
608  
605  
603  
600  
597  
595  
592  
590  
587  
585  
582  
580  
577  
575  
573  
570  
568  
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  
34  
35  
36  
37  
38  
39  
40  
41  
42  
99  
100  
101  
102  
103  
104  
105  
106  
107  
108  
109  
110  
111  
112  
113  
114  
115  
116  
117  
118  
119  
120  
121  
122  
123  
124  
125  
126  
979  
3-11  
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Motor Current Control  
The motor driving at a low speed may make noises during motor driving. Change the current value  
supplied to the motor so that the noise can be reduced.  
The current value supplied can be switched by controlling I0 and I1 as follows.  
Table 3-5 Motor Current Value  
Motor reference set current Im = Approx. 275 mA  
I0  
I1  
Current Value  
LOW  
HIGH  
LOW  
LOW  
Im (Approx. 275mA)  
7
Im  
10  
4
LOW  
HIGH  
HIGH  
HIGH  
Im  
10  
0
Im  
0mA  
10  
In each motor driving step, when the motor step time Tm (ms) is over 2.5 ms, drive the motor 4/10Im  
up to the time of Tm-2.5 (ms) and switch it into Im (approx. 275mA).  
Drive the motor at Im (approx. 275 mA) if the motor step time Tm (ms) is 2.5 ms or less. It is not  
required to switch the current.  
When the previous motor step time is 2.5 ms or less, drive the motor at Im (approx. 275 mA). Do not  
switch the current even when the motor step time Tm (ms) is more than 2.5 ms.  
3-12  
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A sample motor current control is shown in Figure 3-8.  
Less  
than  
2.5ms  
More than More than  
More than More than  
2.5ms 2.5ms  
2.5ms  
2.5ms  
Approx.  
275mA)  
Motor drive  
current  
4
10  
0
10  
Figure 3-8 Sample of Motor Current Control  
Drive the motor at Im (approx. 275 mA) during the start-up step and the stop step. Do not switch the  
current.  
Continuous driving  
When the motor is driven for a long time or motor drive is often performed repeatedly, the motor heats  
up and may not be able to show necessary performance. To avoid it, when the motor was driven, set  
up the pause time of the same period of time as that the motor was driven. Furthermore, make one-  
time continuous driving 6 minutes (max.).  
3-13  
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3.5 THERMAL HEAD  
The thermal head consists of heat elements and a head driver which drives and controls the heat  
element.  
Serial print data input from the DAT IN terminal is transferred to the shift register synchronously with  
the CLK signal, then stored in the latch register at the timing of the LATCH signal.  
Input of the head print activation signal (DST1, 2) activates the heat elements in accordance with the  
print data stored in the latch register.  
The LTP F series can be printed by dividing printing into blocks for every 128 dots.  
The divided printing is effective for a high print ratio printing because the peak current can be cut down  
with the reduction of the average print speed.  
When printing is performed using division into blocks of less than 128 dots, messy printing and/or  
abnormal sound may occur, and the printing quality may deteriorate remarkably. Check the number of  
dots in advance.  
Also, when a pattern with a high print ratio is printed with less than 176 dots, a printing failure may  
occur due to the printing paper getting stuck depending on the ambient temperature, drive voltage and  
the thermal paper that is used.  
When using a high-print ratio pattern, check the number of dots in advance.  
3-14  
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3.5.1 Structure of the Thermal Head (LTPF247)  
Figure 3-9 shows the thermal head block diagram for the LTPF247.  
Table 3-7 shows the relationship between DST blocks and activated heat elements.  
Block 2  
Block 1  
Vp  
Heat elements  
Output driver  
Latch register  
Shift register  
DAT IN2  
CLK  
LATCH  
DST2  
DAT OUT2  
DAT IN1  
DST1  
*1  
DAT OUT1  
TH  
*1  
Thermistor  
TH  
Vdd  
GND  
*1 N.C. if not using DAT OUT  
Figure 3-9 Thermal Head Block Diagram (LTPF247)  
3-15  
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Table 3-6 DST Blocks and Activated Heat Elements (LTPF247)  
DST Number  
Heat Element Number  
Dots/DST  
DST 1  
DST 2  
1 to 192  
193 to 448  
192  
256  
3.5.2 Printed Position of the Data (LTPF247)  
192 data dots from No.1 to No.192 which are transferred through DAT IN1 terminal and 256 data dots  
from No.193 to No.448 are printed as shown in Figure 3-10.  
For No.1 to No.8 of 192 data dots transferred from the DATA IN1 and No.441 to No.448 of 256 dots  
data transferred from the DATA IN2, set the NULL data.  
Paper feed direction  
Paper  
Print surface  
Data in  
Data print sequence  
1 2 3 4 5 6 ................... 446 447 448  
LTPF247 printer mechanism  
DATA IN1 Data input sequence 1 2 . . . . . . 191 192  
DATA IN2 Data input sequence  
193 194 . . . . . . 447 448  
Figure 3-10 Printed Position of the Data (LTPF247)  
3-16  
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3.5.3 Thermal Head Electrical Characteristics (LTPF247)  
Table 3-7 Thermal Head Electrical Characteristics (LTPF247)  
(Ta=25 ± 10°C)  
Rated value  
TYP  
Item  
Symbol  
Conditions  
Unit  
MIN  
MAX  
Head resistance  
Head drive voltage  
Head drive current  
RH  
Vp  
Ip  
630.5  
21.6  
−
650  
24.0  
9.2  
669.5  
26.4  
10.4  
Ω
V
A
At max. simultaneously  
activated dots  
number=248  
Logic block voltage  
Logic block current  
Vdd  
Idd  
VIH  
VIL  
4.75  
−
0.8×Vdd  
5.00  
−
−
5.25  
64  
Vdd  
V
mA  
V
fCLK=8MHz,fDI=1/2fCLK  
CLK,DAT,LATCH,DST  
CLK,DAT,LATCH,DST  
"High"  
Input voltage  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
0
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
4.45  
−
−
35  
30  
10  
−
100  
200  
50  
300  
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
0.2×Vdd  
0.5  
−0.5  
120  
−2.0  
2.0  
−2.0  
2.0  
−2.0  
−
0.05  
4
−
−
−
120  
−
−
V
IIH DAT VIH = 5V  
IIL DAT VIL = 0V  
IIH DST  
IIL DST  
IIH CLK  
IIL CLK  
IIH LAT  
IIL LAT  
VDOH  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
MHz  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
DAT input  
current  
DST input  
current  
CLK input  
current  
LATCH input  
current  
DAT output  
current  
OPEN state, Vdd =4.5V  
VDOL  
f CLK  
CLK frequency  
CLK pulse width  
DAT setup-time  
DAT hold time  
DAT out delay time  
LATCH pulse width  
LATCH setup time  
LATCH hold time  
DST setup time  
Output delay time  
tw CLK See Timing Chart  
tsetup DI See Timing Chart  
thold DI See Timing Chart  
td DO  
See Timing Chart  
tw LAT See Timing Chart  
tsetup LAT See Timing Chart  
thold LAT See Timing Chart  
tsetup DST See Timing Chart  
−
−
10  
tDo  
See Timing Chart  
3-17  
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3.5.4 Structure of the Thermal Head (LTPF347)  
Figure 3-11 shows the thermal head block diagram for the LTPF347.  
Table 3-8 shows the relationship between DST blocks and activated heat elements.  
Block 2  
Block 1  
Vp  
Heat elements  
Output driver  
Latch register  
Shift register  
DAT IN2  
CLK  
LATCH  
DST2  
DAT OUT2  
DAT IN1  
DST1  
*1  
DAT OUT1  
TH  
*1  
Thermistor  
TH  
Vdd  
GND  
*1 N.C. if not using DAT OUT  
Figure 3-11 Thermal Head Block Diagram (LTPF347)  
3-18  
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Table 3-8 DST Blocks and Activated Heat Elements (LTPF347)  
DST Number  
Heat Element Number  
Dots/DST  
DST1  
DST2  
1 to 384  
385 to 640  
384  
256  
3.5.5 Printed Position of the Data (LTPF347)  
384 data dots from No.1 to No.384 which are transferred through DAT IN1 terminal and 256 data dots  
from No.385 to No.640 are printed as shown in Figure 3-12.  
For No.1 to No.32 of 384 data dots transferred from the DATA IN1 and No.609 to No.640 of 256 data  
dots transferred from the DATA IN2, set the NULL data.  
Paper feed direction  
Paper  
Print surface  
Data in  
Data print sequence  
1 2 3 4 5 6 .................... 638 639 640  
LTPF347 printer mechanism  
DATA IN1 Data input sequence 1 2 . . . . . . 383 384  
DATA IN2 Data input sequence  
385 386 . . . . . . 639 640  
Figure 3-12 Printed Position of the Data (LTPF347)  
3-19  
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3.5.6 Thermal Head Electrical Characteristics (LTPF347)  
Table 3-9 Thermal Head Electrical Characteristics (LTPF347)  
(Ta=25 ± 10°C)  
Rated value  
TYP  
Item  
Symbol  
Conditions  
Unit  
MIN  
MAX  
Head resistance  
Head drive voltage  
Head drive current  
RH  
Vp  
Ip  
630.5  
21.6  
−
650  
24.0  
13.0  
669.5  
26.4  
14.8  
Ω
V
A
At max. simultaneously  
activated dots  
number=352  
Logic block voltage  
Logic block current  
Vdd  
Idd  
VIH  
VIL  
4.75  
−
0.8×Vdd  
5.00  
−
−
5.25  
64  
Vdd  
V
mA  
V
FCLK=8MHz,fDI=1/2fclk  
CLK,DAT,LATCH,DST  
CLK,DAT,LATCH,DST  
"High"  
Input voltage  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
"High"  
"Low"  
0
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
4.45  
−
−
35  
30  
10  
−
100  
200  
50  
300  
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
0.2×Vdd  
0.5  
−0.5  
120  
−2.0  
2.0  
−2.0  
2.0  
−2.0  
−
0.05  
8
−
−
−
120  
−
−
V
IIH DAT VIH = 5V  
IIL DAT VIL = 0V  
IIH DST  
IIL DST  
IIH CLK  
IIL CLK  
IIH LAT  
IIL LAT  
VDOH  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
µA  
MHz  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
ns  
DAT input  
current  
DST input  
current  
CLK input  
current  
LATCH input  
current  
DAT output  
current  
OPEN state, Vdd =4.5V  
VDOL  
f CLK  
CLK frequency  
CLK pulse width  
DAT setup-time  
DAT hold time  
DAT out delay time  
LATCH pulse width  
LATCH setup-time  
LATCH hold time  
DST setup time  
Output delay time  
tw CLK See Timing Chart  
tsetup DI See Timing Chart  
thold DI See Timing Chart  
td DO  
See Timing Chart  
tw LAT See Timing Chart  
tsetup LAT See Timing Chart  
thold LAT See Timing Chart  
tsetup DST See Timing Chart  
−
−
5
tDo  
See Timing Chart  
3-20  
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3.5.7 Timing Chart  
tw CLK  
thold DI  
thold LAT  
CLK  
tsetup DI  
DAT IN  
td DO  
DAT OUT  
LATCH  
tsetup LAT  
tsetup DST  
tw LAT  
DST  
(Hi Active)  
t Do  
t Do  
DRIVE OUT  
Figure 3-13 Timing Chart  
3.5.8 Head Resistance  
The LTP F Series head resistance is as shown in Table 3-10.  
Table 3-10 Head Resistance Ranks  
Head Resistance  
630.5 to 669.5 Ω  
3-21  
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3.5.9 Head Voltage  
The printer has a built-in head driver IC. Table 3-11 shows the head voltage.  
Table 3-11 Head Voltage  
Item  
Voltage Range  
Head drive voltage  
Head logic voltage  
VP  
21.6 to 26.4 V  
4.75 to 5.25 V  
Vdd  
3.5.10 Peak Current  
Since the peak current (maximum current) may reach the values calculated using equation (1) when  
the thermal head is driven, make sure that the allowable current for the cable material and the voltage  
drop on the cables are well within the specified range.  
Equation (1):  
N × VP  
IP=  
RH  
IP: Peak current (A)  
N: Number of dots that are driven at the same time  
VP: Head drive voltage (V)  
RH: Head resistance (Ω)  
3-22  
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3.6 CONTROLLING THE HEAD ACTIVATION (DST) PULSE WIDTH  
3.6.1 Calculation of the Head Activation Pulse Width  
To execute high quality printing using the printer, the value that is calculated using the following  
equation (2) must be adjusted according to the printer installation environment. Calculate each value  
used according to the steps in Sections 3.6.2 to 3.6.5 and control so that the pulse width with the t  
(msec) value obtained by substituting each value into the equation (2).  
Equation (2):  
R
t = E×  
×C×D  
V2  
t: Heat pulse width (ms)  
V: Applied voltage (V)  
E: Standard applied energy (mj)  
R: Head resistance (Ω)  
C: Head activation pulse term coefficient  
Refer to Section 3.6.2.  
Refer to Section 3.6.3.  
Refer to Section 3.6.4.  
Refer to Section 3.6.5.  
D: Heat Storage coefficient  
Printing using too high of voltage or too long of pulse width may shorten the life of the thermal head.  
3.6.2 Calculation of the Applied Energy  
The applied energy should be according to the temperature of the thermal head and operational  
environment.  
The thermal head has a built-in thermistor. Measure the temperature using the thermistor resistance.  
The applied energy also differs according to the thermal paper used.  
The applied energy is calculated by substituting a temperature coefficient and thermal paper  
coefficient into the equation (3).  
Equation (3):  
E= E0 × P × (1−Tc (Tx−25))  
E: Print energy (mj)  
E0: Standard applied energy  
0.210 (mj)  
TX: Detected temperature using the thermistor (°C) 1  
P: Thermal paper coefficient  
TF50KS-E2C (Nippon Paper Industries):  
PD160R-N (New Oji Paper Co., Ltd):  
HP220AB1 (MITSUBISHI PAPER MILLS LIMITED):  
TC: Temperature coefficient:  
0.9  
1.0  
1.0  
0.0076  
1
∗
The thermistor resistance value at TX (°C). Refer to Section 3.6.6.  
3-23  
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3.6.3 Adjustment of the Head Resistance  
Adjustment of the head resistance is according to equation (4). Due to wiring resistance there is a  
drop in voltage.  
Equation (4):  
( RH + Ri + (Rc + rc ) × N ) 2  
R=  
RH  
RH:Head resistance, RH=650 Ω  
Ri: Wiring resistance in the thermal head (Ω), Ri=25Ω  
RC: Common terminal wiring resistance in the thermal head  
LTPF247 RC=0.14 (Ω)  
LTPF347 RC=0.165 (Ω)  
1
rc: Wiring resistance between Vp and GND (Ω)∗  
N: Number of dots driven at the same time  
1
∗
This resistance value is equal to the resistance of the wire used between the thermal head control connector and the  
power supply including the resistance of switching circuit of relay, etc.  
3.6.4 Head Activation Pulse Term Coefficient  
According to equation (5), calculate the compensation coefficient of the head activation pulse term  
(equal motor drive frequency) to get the constant printing density even when changing the printing  
speed such as start up acceleration control.  
Equation (5):  
3.59  
Cx + W  
C=2.7 -  
Cx: Speed correction coefficient  
1.57  
W: Head activation cycle of one dot line (ms)  
∗ When the motor drive frequency is 666 pps or less:  
W = 666 pps (fixed)  
3-24  
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3.6.5 Heat Storage Coefficient  
A difference between an actual rise in temperature of the thermal head due to the head activation and  
the detected temperature by the thermistor occurs in the high speed printing.  
Therefore, a correction of the activation pulse through the simulation of a rise in thermal head  
temperature is needed.  
A correction may not be needed when the print ratio is low. Set “1” as the heat storage coefficient at  
this time.  
The heat storage coefficient is calculated with the manner as follows:  
(1) Prepare the heat storage software counters for each block to simulate the heat storage.  
(a) Heat storage due to the head activation  
The heat storage counter counts up in each print cycle as follows.  
64×N  
D=  
B
When D>50, D=50  
T’=T+D  
T: Heat storage counter value  
N: Number of the activated dots  
B: Total dot number of each block  
(b) Radiation due to time  
The heat storage counter value is multiplied by the radiation coefficient in each 1  
msec.  
T’=T×K  
K: Radiation coefficient 0.997  
(2) Calculate the heat storage coefficient with the following equation, using the heat storage  
counter.  
Equation (6):  
T
D=1-  
74981  
3-25  
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3.6.6 Thermistor Resistance  
The resistance of the thermistor at the operating temperature TX (°C) is determined using the following  
equation (7).  
Equation (7):  
1
1
RX=R25 × EXP  
B ×  
−
273+TX  
298  
RX:  
R25:  
B:  
Resistance at operating temperature Tx (°C)  
30 kΩ ± 5% (25°C)  
3950 K ± 2 %  
TX:  
Operating temperature (°C)  
EXP (A) : The Ath power of natural logarithm e (2.71828)  
[Rating]  
Operating temperature range: -40 °C to +125 °C  
100  
10  
1
0
10  
20  
30  
40  
50  
60  
70  
80  
90  
100  
Temperature (°C)  
Figure 3-14 Thermistor Resistance vs. Temperature  
3-26  
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Table 3-12 Temperature and Corresponding Thermistor Resistance  
Temperature  
Thermistor  
(°C)  
Resistance (kΩ)  
0
5
100.99  
77.85  
60.57  
47.53  
37.61  
30.00  
24.11  
19.51  
15.89  
13.03  
10.75  
8.92  
10  
15  
20  
25  
30  
35  
40  
45  
50  
55  
60  
65  
70  
75  
80  
85  
90  
95  
100  
7.45  
6.25  
5.27  
4.47  
3.80  
3.25  
2.79  
2.41  
2.09  
3-27  
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3.6.7 Detecting Abnormal Temperatures of the Thermal Head  
To protect the thermal head and to ensure personal safety, abnormal thermal head temperatures must  
be detected by both hardware and software as follows:  
z Detecting abnormal temperatures by software  
Design software that will deactivate the heat elements if the thermal head thermistor (TH)  
detects a temperature of 80°C or more (thermistor resistance RTH ≤ 3.80 kΩ), and reactivate  
the heat elements when a temperature of 60°C or lower (RTH ≥ 7.45 kΩ) is detected. If the  
thermal head continues to be activated at a higher temperature than 80°C, the life of the  
thermal head may be shortened significantly.  
z Detecting abnormal temperatures by hardware  
If the control unit (CPU) malfunctions, the software for detecting abnormal temperatures may  
not function properly, resulting in overheating of the thermal head. The overheating of the  
thermal head may cause damage to the thermal head or cause skin burns.  
Always use hardware in conjunction with software for detecting abnormal temperatures to  
ensure personal safety (this may not prevent damage to the thermal head).  
Using a window comparator circuit or similar detector, design hardware that detects the  
following abnormal conditions:  
(a) Overheating of the thermal head (approximately 100°C or higher (RTH ≤ 2.09 kΩ))  
(b) Faulty thermistor connection (the thermistor may be open or short-circuited).  
If (a) and (b) detected, immediately deactivate the heat elements. Reactivate the heat  
elements after they have returned to normal.  
3-28  
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3.7 PAPER DETECTOR  
The printer has a built-in paper detector (reflection type photo-interrupter) to detect whether paper is  
present or not.  
An external circuit should be designed so that it detects the output from the paper detector and does  
not activate the thermal head when there is no paper. Doing not so may cause damage to the thermal  
head or platen roller or shorten the life of the thermal head significantly.  
3.7.1 General Specifications  
Table 3-13 Absolute Maximum Ratings of the Paper Detector (at 25°C)  
Item  
Symbol  
Maximum Rating  
LED (input)  
Forward current  
IF  
VR  
50 mA  
5 V  
Reverse voltage  
Allowable current  
P
75 mW  
20 V  
Photoransistor  
(output)  
Collector-to-emitter voltage  
Emitter-to-collector voltage  
Collector current  
VCEO  
VECO  
IC  
5 V  
20 mA  
Collector loss  
PC  
70 mW  
-20 to +80°C  
-30 to +100°C  
Operating temperature  
Storage temperature  
Topr  
Tstg  
3-29  
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Table 3-14 Paper Detector Input/Output Conditions  
Item  
Symbol  
Conditions  
IF=10 mA  
VR=5 V  
IF=0 mA, VCE=10 V  
Min.  
Std.  
Max.  
LED (input)  
Forward voltage  
Reverse current  
Dark current  
VF  
IR  
ICEO  
1.0 V  
  
  
1.2 V  
  
  
1.6 V  
10 µA  
200 nA  
Photo-  
transistor  
(output)  
Transfer  
characteristics  
Photoelectric current  
Leak current  
Collector saturation  
voltage  
IC  
ILEAK  
IF=10 mA, VCE=5 V  
IF=10 mA, VCE=5 V  
150 µA  
  
  
  
  
  
600 µA  
1 µA  
0.5V  
VCE(sat) IF=10 mA, IC=5 µA  
Response time  
(at rise)  
Response time  
(at fall)  
tr  
tf  
IC=1mA, VCC=5 V  
  
  
5µs  
  
  
RL=100Ω  
5µs  
3.7.2 Sample External Circuit  
LTP F Series  
Vdd (5 V)  
Vdd (5 V)  
220 Ω  
47 kΩ  
Photo-interrrupter  
74HC04  
PS  
To CPU port  
VPS  
0.1 µF  
GND  
GND  
∗
The PS signal is high when there is no paper.  
Figure 3-15 Sample External Circuit of the Paper Detector  
3-30  
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3.8 PLATEN POSITION DETECTOR  
The printer has a built-in platen position detector for detecting whether the platen unit is opened or  
closed. This detector is a mechanical switch which is designed to be in a CLOSED state when the  
platen unit is closed and to be in an OPENED state when it is opened.  
The combination of the platen position detector with the paper detector in Chapter 3.7 will make it  
possible to detect the position of the platen.  
The external circuit should be designed so that it detects output from the platen position detector in  
order to detect the platen OPENED state, or, so that it detect output from the paper detector in  
Chapter 3.7, so as not to activate the thermal head in the absence of paper. Otherwise, the thermal  
head may be damaged or the life of the head may be shortened significantly. Activate the thermal  
head when the platen unit is CLOSED by detecting the output from the platen position detection, and  
in the paper presence state by detecting the output from the paper detector.  
3.8.1 General Specifications  
Maximum rating:  
7 V DC, 1 mA  
Contact resistance: 70 mΩ maximum  
3.8.2 Sample External Circuit  
Vdd (5 V)  
LTP F Series  
R=10 kΩ  
HS  
To CPU Port  
C=0.1 µF  
GND  
Mechanical switch  
GND  
∗
The mechanical switch is opened when the lever is in an OPENED state.  
Figure 3-16 Sample External Circuit of the Platen Position Detector  
Note that there is a time lag between the time when the thermal head stays in a completely upwards or  
downwards position and when the lever position detector starts to operate.  
Always use the capacitor shown in Figure 3-16 to prevent the switch from malfunctioning due to  
chattering.  
3-31  
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3-32  
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CHAPTER 4  
CONNECTING TERMINALS  
Use the recommended connectors listed in Table 4-1 to connect the printer firmly to the external  
circuits.  
Table 4-1 Connectors for External Circuit and Recommended Connectors for the Other FFC  
No.  
Function and Model  
Number  
Number of  
Pins  
Recommended Connectors  
(External Circuit)  
1
Thermal head control  
connector  
(JAE:IL-FPC-28CLIP)  
28  
Core number: 28,  
Conductor type: 0.1×0.8,  
Strip length: 4.0,  
Conductor pitch: P1.25 ∗  
MOLEX INC:  
2
Motor connector and  
Detector connector  
(MOLEX INC: 51021-0900)  
9
53047-0910 (straight type)  
53048-0910 (right angle type)  
51047-0910 (trunk type)  
∗
For installing reinforcing plates, adjust the length of the reinforcing plate to conform with the layout in the mechanism  
and the steel case.  
Design the length between FFC terminals so that loads cannot be made after connecting to the PCB. This is because  
the head unit can be slid back and forth by opening and closing the platen.  
4-1  
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4.1 THERMAL HEAD CONTROL TERMINALS  
Figure 4-1 shows the terminal configuration of the thermal head control connector.  
Figure 4-1 Thermal Head Control Terminals  
4-2  
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Table 4-2 Thermal Head Control Terminal Assignments (LTPF247)  
Terminal  
Number  
Signal Name Input/Output  
Function  
Head drive power  
1
2
Vp  
Vp  
Head drive power  
3
Vp  
Head drive power  
4
Vp  
Head drive power  
5
6
7
8
DAT OUT1  
DAT IN1  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
DST1  
CLK  
Output  
Input  
Print data output  
Print data input  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
Head print activation instruction signal  
Print data transfer synchronize signal  
Print data latch (memory)  
Logic power supply (5V)  
Thermister  
Thermister  
Head print activation instruction signal  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
Print data output  
Print data input  
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
Input  
Input  
Input  
Output  
Output  
Input  
LATCH  
Vdd  
TH  
TH  
DST2  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
DAT OUT2  
DAT IN2  
Vp  
Output  
Input  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
Vp  
Vp  
Vp  
4-3  
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Table 4-3 Thermal Head Control Terminal Assignments (LTPF347)  
Terminal Signal Name Input/Output  
Number  
Function  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Vp  
Vp  
Vp  
Vp  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
Print data output  
Print data input  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
Head print activation instruction signal  
Print data transfer synchronize signal  
Print data latch (memory)  
Logic power supply (5V)  
Thermister  
Thermister  
Head print activation  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
Print data output  
Print data input  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
Head drive power  
DAT OUT1  
DAT IN1  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
DST1  
CLK  
Output  
Input  
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
Input  
Input  
Input  
Output  
Output  
Input  
LATCH  
Vdd  
TH  
TH  
DST2  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
DAT OUT2  
DAT IN2  
Vp  
Output  
Input  
Vp  
Vp  
Vp  
4-4  
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4.2 MOTOR CONTROL TERMINALS  
Figure 4-2 shows the terminal configuration for motor control and detector connection, and Table 4-4  
shows their terminal assignments.  
Figure 4-2 Terminals on the Motor Connector  
Table 4-4 Motor Control Terminal Assignments  
Terminal Number  
Signal Name  
Function  
Motor drive signal  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
B
A
Motor drive signal  
B
Motor drive signal  
A
Motor drive signal  
Vps  
PS  
GND  
GND  
HS  
LED anode (Power supply side)  
Photo transistor collector (Output side)  
Paper detector GND  
Platen position detector GND  
Platen position detector output  
∗
Terminal numbers 8 and 9 can be reversed because the platen position detector is a mechanical switch.  
4-5  
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4-6  
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CHAPTER 5  
DRIVE METHOD  
Drive the motor and the thermal head at the same time for printing. Figure 5-1 is a timing chart for  
driving using two divisions. Figure 5-1 is an example of acceleration control of the motor, data  
transfer to the head and two-divisions of the head.  
Timing chart of Figure 5-1 is explained in order thereinafter.  
A: Pause state  
Transfer the data which are printed in the first dot line to the SHIFT REGISTER in the DST1  
sideof the thermal head.  
B: Start step output  
Output the same phase to the motor as that having been output just before the motor stopped.  
The step time is the first acceleration step term.  
C: First step  
(1) Latches the print data transferred in step A in the LATCH REGISTER and activates the  
thermal head with the DST1.  
(2) Transfers the remaining data in the DST2 side to the SHIFT REGISTER in the DST2 side of  
the thermal head.  
(3) When the activation of DST1 is completed, the print data transferred by (2) is latched in the  
LATCH REGISTER of the head and activation to the thermal head is stated with DST2.  
(4) The print data printed in the DST1 side of the 2nd dot line print data is transferred to the  
SHIFT REGISTER in the DST1 side of the thermal head.  
(5) After the 1st step time of the motor is finished, the motor goes on to the next step.  
D: Second step  
(1) Latches the print data transferred in step (C) to the LATCH REGISTER of the thermal head  
and starts activation with the DST1.  
(2) Transfers the remaining data in the DST2 side to the SHIFT REGISTER of the thermal head  
in the DST2 side.  
(3) Latches the print data transferred in (2) to the LATCH REGISTER and starts activation with  
the DST2 after activation of the DST1 is completed.  
(4) After the second step time is completed, the motor goes on to next step.  
5-1  
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Repeat the steps in the same way. Transfer the data which will be printed in the next step to the  
thermal head while starting the activation of the thermal head.  
The data transfer time and head activation time may be longer than the motor step time according to  
the type of the thermal paper, printing data and operational environment.  
In this case, hold the motor step until completion of printing.  
Keep 0.1 msec or more for the pause time after head activation.  
The print data in the First step can be transferred while outputting the Start step (B). However, the  
print data is transferred before outputting the Start step in Figure 5-1.  
D Second dot line  
C First dot line  
A Pause  
B Start  
H
L
PH  
PH  
H
L
H
I0 I1  
L
DAT  
CLK  
H
L
LATCH  
H
L
DST1  
H
L
Figure 5-1 Timing Chart for Driving Using Two Divisions  
5-2  
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CHAPTER 6  
HOUSING DESIGN GUIDE  
6.1 SECURING THE PRINTER  
6.1.1 Printer Mounting Dimensions  
As shown in Figure 6-1, secure the printer at four mounting holes: a, b, c and d.  
The indents #1 and #2 are for positioning.  
6-1  
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Unit: mm  
Figure 6-1 Printer Mounting Dimensions  
6-2  
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6.1.2 Recommended Screws  
Recommended mounting screws are as follows:  
c JIS B1111 M2.6 and M3 Cross-Recessed Head Machine screw  
d Small P Tight 2.6 screw for resinated material  
6.1.3 Precautions for Securing the Printer  
Pay attention to the following when securing the printer. Failure to follow these instructions may cause  
deterioration of print quality, paper skew, paper jam, noise or damage.  
z Prevent excessive force or torsion when securing the printer.  
z Mount the printer on the flat mounting face and use the printer in a place where vibration does  
not occur. A rubber vibration isolator is also effective to prevent vibration.  
z Connect both U shaped gutters c to FG (Frame Ground) on the circuit board with metal  
screws to prevent damage to the thermal head due to static electricity.  
z Make equipotential between FG and signal ground by connecting both with an approximately 1  
MΩ resistor.  
z Do not damage the lead wires when securing the printer with screws.  
6-3  
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6.2 LAYOUT OF PRINTER AND PAPER  
The LTP F Series can be laid out as shown in Figure 6-2 according to the loading direction of the  
paper.  
Heat element  
Platen  
Thermal paper  
Thermal head  
Mounting  
face  
Paper detector  
The distance between the paper detector and  
the heat element is approximately 8 mm.  
Figure 6-2 Layout of Printer and Paper  
6-4  
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6.3 WHERE TO MOUNT THE PAPER HOLDER  
When determining the layout of paper holder, note the following:  
z When you use a paper roll, set the holder so that the paper is straight in relation with the paper  
inlet without any horizontal shifting, and the center axis of the paper roll is parallel with the  
printer.  
z Paper supply load to the printer should be 0.49N (50gf).  
6.4 WHERE TO MOUNT THE PLATEN UNIT  
The dimensions of alignment for the mechanical unit and the platen unit are shown in Figure 6-3 for a  
situation when the platen unit has been mounted to the outer case, and the unit has been opened and  
closed.  
Design the mounting position of the revolving point on the platen unit for the outer case so that it is  
contained within the dimension tolerance shown in Figure 6-3.  
In some construction cases of the outer case, the mechanical unit and platen unit may be able to be  
matched even if the mounting position etc. of the platen unit is outside the dimension tolerance shown  
in Figure 6-3. Make sure that excessive stress is not applied to the outer case and/or platen unit in  
said situation.  
An incorrect mounting position of the revolving point on the platen unit may cause an alignment failure  
of the mechanical unit and/or the platen unit, leading to printing problems. The installation of an  
exclusive autocutter may cause bad cutting or paper jams.  
Figure 6-3 The Platen Unit Mounting Position  
6-5  
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6.5 WHERE TO MOUNT THE PLATEN RELEASE KNOB  
The platen release knob fitted to the outer case can be installed by using the outer shape of the  
release lever and three holes. CHAPTER 7 shows the appearance and the positions of the holes.  
Do not apply a force of 29.4 N (3 kgf) or more to the release lever. Doing so may cause  
deformation and malfunction of the lever.  
6.6 WHERE TO MOUNT THE PAPER CUTTER  
Design the layout of the autocutter so that it does not interfere with the paper feed. The position for  
feeding out paper is shown in CHAPTER 7 APPEARANCE AND DIMENSIONS.  
z If the distance between the edge of the thermal head and the edge of the fed paper is too  
small, the paper may be caught in the platen. Please take this into account when designing  
the outer case.  
z Use a cutter with a sharp edge so that paper is cut with the paper hold force or less.  
6-6  
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CHAPTER 7  
APPEARANCE AND DIMENSIONS  
Figure 7-1 shows the appearance and the external dimensions of the LTPF247.  
Figure 7-2 shows the appearance and the external dimensions of the Platen Unit for the LTPF247.  
Figure 7-3 shows the appearance and the external dimensions of the LTPF347.  
Figure 7-4 shows the appearance and the external dimensions of the Platen Unit for the LTPF347.  
7-1  
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Unit: mm  
General tolerance: ±0.2  
Figure 7-1 Appearance and Dimensions (LTPF247)  
7-2  
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Unit: mm  
General tolerance: ±0.2  
Figure 7-2 Appearance and Dimensions of the Platen Unit (LTPF247)  
7-3  
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Unit: mm  
General tolerance: ±0.2  
Figure 7-3 Appearance and Dimensions (LTPF347)  
7-4  
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Unit: mm  
General tolerance: ±0.2  
Figure 7-4 Appearance and Dimensions of the Platen Unit (LTPF347)  
7-5  
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7-6  
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CHAPTER 8  
LOADING/UNLOADING PAPER AND HEAD CLEANING  
8.1 LOADING/UNLOADING PAPER PRECAUTIONS  
(1) Loading paper  
z Turn over the release lever to the direction of the arrow in the Figure 8-1.  
Figure 8-1 Loading Paper (1)  
z Pull up the platen after making sure that the platen is released from the release lever. (Open  
state)  
8-1  
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z Set the paper straight into the paper insert position until 5 cm or more of the paper edge is  
projected from the upper surface of the mechanism. (See Figure 8-2.) Close the platen after  
making sure that the paper is set straight. (Close state)  
Figure 8-2 Loading Paper (2)  
z When the platen is closed, the gear A and the gear B come together (See Figure 8-3) and the  
platen may stop. In this case, pull up the platen by the release lever, and then close the platen  
again.  
Figure 8-3 Loading Paper (3)  
z When the paper slants after being inserted, either feed paper until it straightens out or reset  
the paper.  
8-2  
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(2) Unloading paper  
z Unload paper in the same manner for loading paper.  
(3) Cleaning a paper jam  
z Unload the paper, following manner for unloading the paper.  
8-3  
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8.2 HEAD CLEANING PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURE  
8.2.1 Head Cleaning Precautions  
(1) Do not clean the head directly after printing because the thermal head unit and its periphery  
are hot.  
(2) Do not use sandpaper, cutter, etc. when cleaning. They will damage the heat elements.  
8.2.2 Head Cleaning Procedure  
(1) Turn over the lever to the direction of the arrow in the Figure 8-4. Pull up the platen after  
making sure that the platen is released from the lever. (Open state)  
(2) Clean the heat elements with a cotton swab immersed in ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol.  
(3) After the alcohol has compleately dried, close the platen. (Close state)  
Release lever  
Heat element  
Figure 8-4 Head Cleaning Procedure  
8-4  
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CHAPTER 9  
PERIPHERALS  
9.1 AUTOCUTTER UNIT  
The ACU F Series autocutter unit can be installed on this printer as shown in Table 9-1.  
The ACU F Series paper cutter unit is a sliding type autocutter.  
Please refer to the “ACU F SERIES AUTOCUTTER UNIT TECHNICAL REFERENCE” for the  
specifications and drive method.  
Table 9-1 Printer Mechanism and Corresponding Autocutter Unit  
LTP F Series  
ACU F Series  
LTPF247  
LTPF347  
ACUF224A, ACUF224B  
ACUF324A, ACUF324B  
9-1  
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9.1.1 Installation Method  
(1) Installing the autocutter unit  
Movable unit  
Place the movable blade unit on the mechanism as shown in Figure 9-1.  
Recommended screws: JIS 1188 pan head machine screw (small round type) M3×6  
Be careful not to damage the thermal head during installation.  
Screw hole for mounting the GND wire (M2.6)  
Positioning bosses  
Screws  
Figure 9-1 Installing the Autocutter Unit (Movable blade unit)  
9-2  
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Fixing Blade Unit  
(1) Remove the protection tape that is attached to the fixing blade unit as shown in Figure 9-2.  
Handle with care the fixing blade edge after removing the protection tape.  
(2) Mount the fixing blade unit to the autocutter unit with 2 screws.  
Recommended screws: JIS 1188 pan head machine screw (small round type) M2×4.  
Be careful not to damage the platen during installation.  
Protection tape  
Figure 9-2 Fixing Blade Unit  
Positioning hole  
Screws  
Figure 9-3 Installing Autocutter Unit (Fixing blade unit)  
9-3  
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9.1.2 Clearing a Paper Jam in the Autocutter  
Owing to the paper jammed, if the cutter has been locked during paper cutting, power off the motor  
immediately and cancel the lock by performing the following procedures manually.  
(1) Tear transparent film from the upper surface of the autocutter (Figure 9-4 (1)), turn the knob  
in the direction shown in Figure 9-4 (2) until the entire hole of the warm wheel can be seen  
from the standby position confirmation window and retreat the movable blade. (Figure 9-4  
(2))  
Knob  
Knob  
Transparent film  
Standby position confirmation window  
Figure 9-4 Clearing a Paper Jam in the Autocutter  
Open the platen after retreating the movable blade with the above way, and then clear a paper jam.  
9-4  
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9.1.3 Consideration for Outer Case Design  
(1) Design the outer case of the paper outlet side of the autocutter unit so that the paper does  
not go between the outer case and the autocutter unit.  
(2) The outer case should not change the paper loading direction sharply in the area around the  
paper outlet.  
(3) The outer case should be designed so that the user’s fingers or other objects will not be  
inserted into the paper outlet.  
(4) Inappropriate positioning of the platen and the printer mechanisum may cause cutting failure  
and/or paper jam. Pay special attention when designing the outer case. Refer to “6.4  
WHERE TO MOUNT THE PLATEN UNIT” for positioning the platen and the mechanical  
unit.  
Figure 9-5 shows a sample outer case design in the platen unit side and Figure 9-6 shows that  
in the mechanism side.  
Center of reference hole for mounting  
the platen unit  
Center of reference hole for mounting  
the platen unit  
Center of reference hole for mounting  
the platen unit  
Unit: mm  
Figure 9-5 Outer Case Design  
9-5  
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Unit: mm  
Figure 9-6 Outer Case Design Sample (Mechanism Side)  
9-6  
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9.1.4 Considerations for Using  
(1) Do not back feed paper after cutting paper using the autocutter unit because it will cause a paper  
jam.  
(2) To prevent paper from jamming, feed paper or print feed 7 mm or more after cutting paper.  
(3) To make the most efficient use of paper, as shown in Figure 9-7, print area A for the next print  
portion after printing area B, and then cut the paper.  
Paper feed direction  
Execute a paper cutting after printing  
PRINT AREA A  
PRINT AREA B  
PRINT AREA A  
and the next  
.
PRINT AREA B  
One-time  
printing  
area  
Cut position  
PRINT AREA A  
Print start position  
PRINT  
‘
The distance between the print position and cut position when mounting the autocutter onto the printer is  
approximately 13 mm.  
Do not perform a consecutive print across print area A and print area B.  
‘
Figure 9-7 Using the Paper Effectively When Cutting  
9-7  
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9.1.5 Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed  
Figure 9-8 shows an appearance and external dimensions of the LTPF247 with the autocutter  
installed.  
Figure 9-9 shows an appearance and external dimensions of the LTPF347 with the autocutter  
installed.  
Unit: mm  
General tolerance: ±0.2  
Figure 9-8 Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed (LTPF247 with ACUF224A)  
9-8  
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Unit: mm  
General tolerance: ±0.2  
Figure 9-9 Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed (LTPF247 with ACUF224B)  
9-9  
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Unit: mm  
General tolerance: ±0.2  
Figure 9-10 Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed (LTPF347 with ACUF324A)  
9-10  
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Unit: mm  
General tolerance: ±0.2  
Figure 9-11 Appearance of the Printer with the Autocutter Installed (LTPF347 with ACUF324B)  
9-11  
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9-12  
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